Wikipedia suwiki https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Média Husus Obrolan Pamaké Obrolan pamaké Wikipedia Obrolan Wikipedia Gambar Obrolan gambar MédiaWiki Obrolan MédiaWiki Citakan Obrolan citakan Pitulung Obrolan pitulung Kategori Obrolan kategori Portal Obrolan portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara Panonpoé 0 869 729248 710601 2026-09-26T19:50:00Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729248 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em" |+ '''Panonpoé''' [[file:Sun symbol (bold).svg|20px|☉]] |- | colspan="2" align="center" | [[Gambar:panonpoé.jpeg|300px|Srangéngé]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffffc0" colspan="2" align="center" | '''Data observasi''' |- ! align="left" | Jarak rata-rata ti Marcapada | [[1 E11 m|150,000,000 km]]<br />(93,000,000&nbsp;mi) |- ! align="left" | [[Apparent magnitude|Visual brightness]] (V) | −26.8<sup>m</sup> |- ! align="left" | [[Absolute magnitude]] | 4.8<sup>m</sup> |- ! bgcolor="#ffffc0" colspan="2" align="center" | '''Physical characteristics''' |- ! align="left" | Diaméter | [[1 E9 m|1,392,000]] [[meter|km]] |- ! align="left" | Diaméter éelatif (d<sub>S</sub>/d<sub>E</sub>) | 109 |- ! align="left" | Oblateness | ~9×10<sup>−6</sup> |- ! align="left" | Lega beungeut | [[1 E18 m&sup2;|6.09]] [[Notasi ilmiah|×]] 10<sup>12</sup> km² |- ! align="left" | Eusi | [[1 E27 m&sup3;|1.41]] × 10<sup>27</sup> [[méter kubik|m&sup3;]] |- ! align="left" | Massa | [[1 E30 kg|1.9891]] × 10<sup>30</sup> [[kilogram|kg]] |- ! align="left" | Massa rélatif ka Bumi | 333,400 |- ! align="left" | Dénsitas | 1.411 g/cm³ |- ! align="left" | Dénsitas rélatif ka Bumi | 0.26 |- ! align="left" | Dénsitas rélatif ka [[cai]] | 1.409 |- ! align="left" | Surface [[gravity]] | 274 m s<sup>−2</sup> |- ! align="left" | Relative surface gravity | 27.9 [[gee|g]] |- ! align="left" | Escape velocity | 618&nbsp;km/s |- ! align="left" | Surface temperature | 5780 [[Kelvin|K]] |- ! align="left" | Temperature of [[corona]] | 5 × 10<sup>6 </sup>K |- ! align="left" | [[Luminosity]] (L<sub>S</sub>) | 3.827 × 10<sup>26</sup> [[joule|J]] s<sup>−1</sup> |- ! bgcolor="#ffffc0" colspan="2" align="center" | '''[[Orbit]]al characteristics''' |- ! align="left" | Period of rotation | &nbsp; |- | align="right" | At equator: | 27d 6h 36m |- | align="right" | At 30° latitude: | 28d 4h 48m |- | align="right" | At 60° latitude: | 30d 19h 12m |- | align="right" | At 75° latitude: | 31d 19h 12m |- ! align="left" | Period of orbit around<br />galactic centre | 2.2 × 10<sup>8</sup> yéars |- ! bgcolor="#ffffc0" colspan="2" align="center" | '''[[photosphere|Photospheric]] composition''' |- ! align="left" | [[Hidrogén]] | 73.46 % |- ! align="left" | [[Hélium]] | 24.85 % |- ! align="left" | [[Oksigén]] | 0.77 % |- ! align="left" | [[Karbon]] | 0.29 % |- ! align="left" | [[Beusi]] | 0.16 % |- ! align="left" | [[Néon]] | 0.12 % |- ! align="left" | [[Nitrogén]] | 0.09 % |- ! align="left" | [[Silikon]] | 0.07 % |- ! align="left" | [[Magnésium]] | 0.05 % |- ! align="left" | [[Walirang|Sulfur]] | 0.04 % |} '''Panonpoé''' (ᮕᮔᮧᮔ᮪ᮕᮧᮆ) nyaéta [[béntang]] na [[tatasurya]] urang. [[Planét]] [[Marcapada]] jeung sakabéh dulurna, boh [[planét terestrial]] atawa [[raksasa gas]], [[orbit|ngurulingan]] Panonpoé. Nu séjénna nu ngurilingan Panonpoé kayaning [[astéroid]], [[météoroid]], [[komét]], [[objék Trans-Neptunius]], jeung, tangtu bae, [[kebul]]. Panonpoé salah sahiji barang langit anu jadi asal cahya alatan bisa ngahasilkeun sarta mancarkeun cahya sorangan. Panonpoé kaasup salah sahiji [[béntang]] ti mangmilyar-milyar [[béntang]] anu aya di [[angkasa]].<ref name="internet1">{{id}}[http://tebe.wapgem.com/3.MATAHARI] (diakses tanggal 22 oktober 2011)</ref> Sacara kimiawi, kira-kira tilu parapat massa panonpoé diwangun tina [[hidrogén]], sedengkeun sésana lolobana mah diwangun ku [[Hélium]].Sésa massana (1,69%, sarua jeung 5.629 kali massa [[Marcapada]]) diwangun ku élemén-élemén beurat siga [[oksigén]], [[karbon]], [[néon]], jeung [[beusi]]. [[Panonpoé]] kawangun kira-kira 4,6 miliar taun ka tukang balukar tina runtuhna [[gravitasi]] dina hiji wewengkon di jero [[méga molekul]] anu kacida badagna. Sabagian badag matéri ngumpul di tengah, samentara sésana ngaipisan janten piringan (cakram) anu muter, anu satuluyna janten [[Surya Mandala]]. Massa di puseurna beuki panas sarta padet, anu ahirna micu lumangsungna fusi térmonuklir dina jero intina. Diperkirakeun yén ampir sakabéh béntang séjénna ogé kawangun ku prosés anu sarupa. Dumasar kana kelas spéktrumna, Panonpoé téh digolongkeun salaku béntang dérét utama G (G2V), sarta mindeng disebut salaku ''katai konéng'' jalaran [[radiasi]] anu kaciri ku mata téh leuwih dominan dina porsi [[spéktrum]] konéng-beureum. Sanajan warna aslina mah [[bodas]], upami ditingal ti beungeut Marcapada, Panonpoé téh katémbong konéng balukar tina panyebaran (''scattering'') cahaya biru di [[atmosfir]]. Dumasar kana label kelas spéktrum, ''G2'' nandakeun suhu beungeutna (permukaan) kira-kira 5.778 K (5.505 °C), sarta ''V'' nandakeun yén Panonpoé mangrupa béntang dérét utama anu énergina dihasilkeun tina [[fusi nuklir]] [[nukleus]] [[hidrogén]] janten [[hélium]]. Dina jero intina, Panonpoé ngafusikeun kira-kira 620 juta ton métrik hidrogén unggal detikna.<ref>{{cite book |last=Woolfson |first=M. |title=The Origin and Evolution of the Solar System |publisher=University of York, UK |year=2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html |title=Sun Fact Sheet |publisher=NASA Goddard Space Flight Center |access-date=2026-05-05}}</ref>. == Ciri fisik jeung nu séjénna == Panonpoé mangrupa [[béntang]] nu kaasup [[kelas spéktral]] G2, nu hartina béntang ieu téh leuwih badag sarta leuwih panas batan rata-rata, tapi ukuranana leuwih leutik batan béntang raksasa biru. Béntang G2 mibanda umur runtuyan utama kira 10 milyar taun; Panonpoé téh umurna kira geus 5 milyar taun, dumasar [[nukléokosmokronologi]].<!-- Panonpoé bentukna méh buleud, nu ''oblateness''-na kira sapersalapan, nu ngandung harti béda diaméter kutub jeung katulistiwana paling gedé 10 km. This is in good part because the centrifugal effect of the Sun's rather sedate rotation is 18 million times weaker than its surface gravity (at the equator). At the center of the Sun, where its density is 1.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> kg m<sup>-3</sup>, thermonuclear reactions ([[nuclear fusion]]) convert hydrogen into helium. 3.8 × 10<sup>38</sup> [[proton|protons]] (hydrogen nuclei) are converted to helium every second. This releases energy which escapes from the surface of the Sun in the form of [[electromagnetic radiation]] and [[neutrino]]s (and to a smaller extent as the kinetic and thermal energy of solar wind plasma and as the energy in the Sun's magnetic field). [[Physics|Physicists]] are able to replicate thermonuclear reactions with [[hydrogen bomb]]s. Sustained nuclear fusion on Earth for electricity generation may be possible in the future, with nuclear fusion reactors. All [[matter]] in the Sun is in the form of [[plasma]] due to its extreme temperature. This makes it possible for the Sun to rotate faster at its equator than it does at higher latitudes, since the Sun is not a solid body. The differential rotation of the Sun's latitudes causes its [[magnetic field]] lines to become twisted together over time, causing magnetic field loops to erupt from the Sun's surface and trigger the formation of the Sun's dramatic [[sunspot]]s and [[solar prominence]]s. The solar activity cycle includes old magnetic fields being stripped off the Sun's surface starting from one pole and ending at the other. The [[corona]] has 10<sup>11 </sup>atoms/m<sup>3</sup>, and the [[photosphere]] has 10<sup>23 </sup>atoms/m<sup>3</sup>. For some time it was thought that the number of [[neutrino]]s produced by the nuclear reaction in the Sun was only one third of the number predicted by theory, a result that was termed the [[solar neutrino problem]]. When it was recently found that neutrinos had mass, and could therefore transform into harder-to-detect varieties of neutrinos while en route from the Sun to Earth, measurement and theory were reconciled. To obtain an uninterrupted view of the Sun, the [[European Space Agency]] and [[NASA]] cooperatively launched the [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory]] (SOHO) on [[December 2]], [[1995]]. Observation of the Sun can reveal such phenomena as: * [[Sunspot]]s * [[Facula]]e * [[Granule]]s * [[Solar flare]]s * [[Solar prominence]]s ** [[quiescent prominence]]s ** [[eruptive prominence]]s *[[Coronal mass ejection]] '''Caution: looking directly at the Sun can damage the [[retina]] and one's [[eyesight]].''' The [[Astronomical symbols|astronomical symbol]] for the Sun is a [[circle with a point at its centre]]. [[Image:panonpoé_SOHO.gif|thumb|300px|Ngontabna panonpoé nu karékam ku alat [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory|SOHO]]]]. --> ==Mangpaat panonpoé== Panonpoé parantos dimangpaatkeun di sababaraha bagian dunya, sarta upami diéksploitasi kalayan merenah, ieu énergi miboga poténsi anu kacida gedéna pikeun nyumponan kabutuhan konsumsi énergi dunya dina jangka waktu anu lami. Énergi panonpoé tiasa dianggo sacara langsung pikeun ngahasilkeun [[listrik]], pamanas, atanapi malah pikeun niiskeun (''cooling system''). Poténsi énergi surya di mangsa ka hareup ngan diwatesanan ku kahayang urang pikeun ngamangpaatkeun éta kasempetan. Aya seueur cara pikeun ngamangpaatkeun énergi ti panonpoé. Tutuwuhan ngarobah sinar panonpoé janten [[énergi]] [[kimia]] ngaliwatan prosés fotosintésis. Manusa ngamangpaatkeun ieu énergi ku cara ngadahar hasil tutuwuhan atanapi ngaduruk [[kai]]. Nanging, istilah “tanaga surya” biasana miboga harti ngarobah cahya panonpoé sacara langsung janten panas atanapi énergi [[listrik]] pikeun kaperluan manusa. Dua tipe dasar tanaga panonpoé nyaéta pamanas surya sarta “photovoltaic” (''photo'' = cahya, ''voltaic'' = tegangan). Tanaga panonpoé photovoltaic: ngalibetkeun pembangkit listrik tina cahya. Rusiah tina ieu prosés nyaéta pamakéan bahan [[semi konduktor]] anu tiasa diatur pikeun ngaleupaskeun éléktron, nyaéta partikel miboga muatan négatif anu janten dadasar tina arus listrik.<ref name="internet2">{{cite web |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/id/campaigns/perubahan-iklim-global/Energi-Bersih/Energi_Matahari/ |title=Energi Matahari |publisher=Greenpeace SE Asia |access-date=2026-05-05 |language=id |accessdate=2023-04-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065444/http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/id/campaigns/perubahan-iklim-global/Energi-Bersih/Energi_Matahari/ |archivedate=2014-10-06}}</ref> Bahan semi konduktor anu pangumumna dianggo dina [[sél photovoltaic]] nyaéta [[silikon]], hiji unsur anu seueur kapanggih dina keusik. Sakabéh sél photovoltaic miboga sahenteuna dua lapisan semi konduktor, nyaéta lapisan miboga muatan positif sarta lapisan miboga muatan négatif. Nalika cahya nyorot kana semi konduktor, médan listrik meuntas sambungan di antara dua lapisan kasebat anu ngabalukarkeun listrik ngalir sarta ngahasilkeun arus DC (''Direct Current''). Beuki kuat cahya anu nyorot, beuki kuat ogé aliran listrikna.<ref name="internet2"/>.<ref ndffrfrfvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvPanonpoé parantos dimangpaatkeun di sababaraha bagian dunya, sarta upami diéksploitasi kalayan merenah, ieu énergi miboga poténsi anu kacida gedéna pikeun nyumponan kabutuhan konsumsi énergi dunya dina jangka waktu anu lami. Énergi panonpoé tiasa dianggo sacara langsung pikeun ngahasilkeun [[listrik]], pamanas, atanapi malah pikeun niiskeun (''cooling system''). Poténsi énergi surya di mangsa ka hareup ngan diwatesanan ku kahayang urang pikeun ngamangpaatkeun éta kasempetan. Aya seueur cara pikeun ngamangpaatkeun énergi ti panonpoé. Tutuwuhan ngarobah sinar panonpoé janten [[énergi]] [[kimia]] ngaliwatan prosés fotosintésis. Manusa ngamangpaatkeun ieu énergi ku cara ngadahar hasil tutuwuhan atanapi ngaduruk [[kai]]. Nanging, istilah “tanaga surya” biasana miboga harti ngarobah cahya panonpoé sacara langsung janten panas atanapi énergi [[listrik]] pikeun kaperluan manusa. Dua tipe dasar tanaga panonpoé nyaéta pamanas surya sarta “photovoltaic” (''photo'' = cahya, ''voltaic'' = tegangan). Tanaga panonpoé photovoltaic: ngalibetkeun pembangkit listrik tina cahya. Rusiah tina ieu prosés nyaéta pamakéan bahan [[semi konduktor]] anu tiasa diatur pikeun ngaleupaskeun éléktron, nyaéta partikel miboga muatan négatif anu janten dadasar tina arus listrik.<ref name="internet2"/> Bahan semi konduktor anu pangumumna dianggo dina [[sél photovoltaic]] nyaéta [[silikon]], hiji unsur anu seueur kapanggih dina keusik. Sakabéh sél photovoltaic miboga sahenteuna dua lapisan semi konduktor, nyaéta lapisan miboga muatan positif sarta lapisan miboga muatan négatif. Nalika cahya nyorot kana semi konduktor, médan listrik meuntas sambungan di antara dua lapisan kasebat anu ngabalukarkeun listrik ngalir sarta ngahasilkeun arus DC (''Direct Current''). Beuki kuat cahya anu nyorot, beuki kuat ≈== Tempo ogé === * [[Radiasi surya]] * [[Radius surya]] * [[Énergi surya]] * [[Angin surya]] ** [[Aurora borealis]] ** [[Aurora australis]] * [[Fotosfir]] * [[Kromosfir]] * [[Korona]] * [[Samagaha]] === Tumbu kaluar === * [http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime-images.html Current SOHO snapshots] * [http://soi.stanford.edu/data/farside/index.html Far-Side Helioseismic Holography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416165919/http://soi.stanford.edu/data/farside/index.html |date=2009-04-16 }} from [http://www.stanford.edu Stanford] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080311101543/http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/eclipse.html NASA Eclipse homepage] * [http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ Nasa SOHO (Solar & Heliospheric Observatory) satellite] * [http://soi.stanford.edu/results/sounds.html Solar Sounds] from [http://www.stanford.edu Stanford] * [http://www.spaceweather.com Spaceweather.com] {{clear}} {{Tatasurya}} [[Kategori:Béntang| ]] [[Kategori:Panonpoé| ]] [[Kategori:Surya Mandala]] reu3nbruu0h7hrbk99138dnscd5ygxt Sunda 0 1754 729312 708858 2026-09-27T00:15:57Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dwiaksara Sunda ka Latén |Sunda|[[ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]]}} {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; border-spacing: 2px; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; float: right; margin-left: 1em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 1.25em; background-color: #e3e3e3; padding: 0.5em;" | Sunda (Ki Sunda) |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Rumah adat Sulah Nyanda BADUY.jpg|300px]]<br /><small>Imah Adat Sulah Nyanda di lembur Baduy, salasahiji titilar arsitéktur Sunda buhun.</small> |- ! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.2em;" | Cacah Jiwa | Kurang leuwih 40 juta (sensus 2010)<ref name="bps2010">Badan Pusat Statistik (2011). ''Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia''. Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010.</ref> |- ! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.2em;" | Wewengkon Utama | [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Banten]], [[Jakarta]], [[Lampung]] (beulah kidul). |- ! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.2em;" | Basa | [[Basa Sunda]] (rupa-rupa dialék) |- ! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.2em;" | Ageman | Utamana [[Islam]], [[Sunda Wiwitan]], [[Kristen]], [[Katolik]], [[Budha]]. |- ! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.2em;" | Séléké Katuturan | [[Austronésia]] ([[Jawa]], [[Madura]], [[Melayu]]) |- ! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.2em;" | Adat Karuhun | [[Silih Asah, Silih Asih, Silih Asuh]] |} '''Sunda''' nyaéta éntitas bangsa/séké sélér nu nyicingan utamana bagian kulon pulo [[Jawa (pulo)|Jawa]] (katelah [[Tatar Sunda]] atawa [[Pasundan]], kiwari ngawengku [[propinsi]] [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Banten]], jeung bagian kulon [[Jawa Tengah]]), nyaéta [[urang Sunda]], nu ngagunakeun [[basa Sunda]] salaku basa indungna katut [[budaya Sunda|kabudayaanana]].<ref name=“kamus”>{{Cite book | title = Kamus Genggam Bahasa Sunda| first =Lulu| last =Luthfiyani| publisher =Frasa Lingua, Arvin Mahardika, Tsalaisye N.F.| location =Jakarta| year =2016| pages =1|ISBN=9786026475275|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=uTKyDgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sunda&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9nYPJ88TpAhUZXisKHUqbCNMQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=sunda&f=false|accessdate=(disungsi – 21 Mei 2020)}}</ref> Kecap '''Sunda''' bisa nujul ka rupa-rupa harti nu sacara umum patali jeung wewengkon bagian kulon kapuloan [[Indonésia]]. Titinggal sajarah pangheubeulna nu nyebut-nyebut kecap Sunda nyaéta [[Prasasti Kebonkopi II|prasasti Kebonkopi 2]] nu dijieun taun [[536]] M (atawa 458 [[Saka]]) dina [[basa Malayu]] nu nujul ka [[karajaan Sunda]] (aya ogé nu boga pamanggih yén prasasti ieu dijieun taun [[932]] M, atawa 854 Saka).<ref name=“kamus”/> Kecap Sunda ogé geus aya ti saprak 4000 [[SM]] anu geus kaliwat numutkeun [[filologi]] ''Proto Melayu'' dipikanyaho pang kolotna di [[Asia]], singhoréng gening leuwih ngora tibatan ''Proto Soendic'' (Sunda) rebuan taun (Bern Nothover, 1973).<ref name=“Sunda ”>{{Cite book | title =Konferensi Internasional Budaya Sunda (KIBS): prosiding, Volume 2| first =Ajip | last =Rosidi, Edi Suhardi Ekajati, Adeng Chaedar Alwasilah, Yayasan Kebudayaan Rancage| publisher =Yayasan Kebudayaan Rancage| location = the University of Michigan| year =2006| pages =387|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=vo9uAAAAMAAJ&q=kalender+sunda&dq=kalender+sunda&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwisruDeyvruAhXXfH0KHXv8CSEQ6AEwA3oECAgQAg|accessdate=(disungsi) 21 Februari 2021}}</ref> Urang Sunda miboga kayakinan yén mibanda étos atawa karakter kasundaan, salaku jalan ka kautamaan hirup. Karakter Sunda nu dimaksud nyaéta cageur ''(sehat)'', bageur ''(baik)'', bener ''(benar)'', singer ''(mawas diri)'', jeung pinter ''(cerdas)''. Karakter ieu geus dituluykeun ku masarakat nu cicing di [[Jawa kulon]] ti jaman Kerajaan [[Salakanagara]]. <ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=qBq9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=sunda&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjigfaujdnPAhVFtI8KHVC7DFQ4ChDoAQgdMAE#v=onepage&q=sunda&f=false Sunda téh]</ref>. Urang Sunda mibanda ciri mandiri, kayaning [[soméah]], lemes dina cumarita, resep [[heureuy]], tur loba akalna.<ref name=“Sunda”>{{Cite book | title =Rumah Etnik Sunda| first =Hendi| last =Anwar, Hafizh A. Nugraha| publisher =GRIYA KREASI| location =Jakarta| year =2013| pages =1|ISBN=9789796612116|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=qBq9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=sunda&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWnZ6U1cbpAhWR_XMBHUFAAdUQ6AEIYzAI#v=onepage&q=sunda&f=false|accessdate=(disungsi – 22 Mei 2020)}}</ref> <ref name=wiwitan>{{cite book|title=Reception Through Selection-Modification: Antropologi Hukum Islam di Indonesia|first=Abdurrahman|Last=Misno Bambang Prawiro|pages=132|Publisher=Deepublish|Year=2016|ISBN=9786024012779}}</ref> Urang [[Portugis]] nu kungsi sagulung sagalang jeung urang Sunda, nyebutkeun cenah urang Sunda té jalujur, sarta lébér ku wawanén.<ref name=wiwitan/> {{Tarumanagara}} ==Étimologi== Aya sababaraha definisi Sunda nurutkeun para ahli, di antarana: *Kécap Sunda dina ''An Index to the names in the Mahabharata'' karangan S. Sorensen hartina: Ngaran [[Dewa Wisnu]], Ngaran Daitya (Buta) anak Nisunda (Nikhumba) jeung dulurna Upasunda. Ieu dua dulur téh silihpaéhan lantaran marebutkeun Widatina geulis nu ngaranna Tilottama.<ref name=“Budaya”>{{Cite book | title =Orientasi Estetik Gaya Pirigan Kacapi Indung dalam Kesenian Tembang Sunda Cianjuran di Jawa Barat| first =J.| last =Julia, Heri Herdini| publisher =UPI Sumedang Press| location =Jakarta| year =2018| pages =65|ISBN=9786026438171|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=1qJLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA61&dq=BUDAYA+SUNDA&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiakIb2_cbpAhVZfX0KHZF6CCQQ6AEIaDAJ#v=onepage&q=BUDAYA%20SUNDA&f=false|accessdate=(disungsi – 22 Mei 2020)}}</ref> *Sunda hartina éndah, dina carita ''Mundinglaya Dikusumah'' aya garwa [[Prabu Siliwangi]] anu jenenganana Nyai Mantri Manik Manusunda, sakapeung disebut Kentring Manik Manusunda, anu hartina Nyai Mantri Permata Ciciptan anu Endah. *Numutkeun pamanggih G.P Rouffaér kecap Sunda asalna tina basa [[Hindu]], nyaéta :Sund hartina moncorong, Ngaran dewa wisnu, Ngaran daitya (buta), Ngaran hiji monyet, Cuddha hartina bodas, Sa-udha, Sa-tunda hartina panundaan/gudang, Sugema. ===Basa Sanskerta=== ''Sund'' hartina moncorong (''A Sanskrit-English Dictionary'' karangan [[Monier Williams]]). Numutkeun kana basa Sansakerta, harti Sunda téh aya genep, nyaéta: Bercahaya, terang benderang, anu ngarawat alam/dunya, Satria anu mibanda tanaga gedé, satria anu trampil, bodas beresih, ngaran gunung di beulah kalér kota Bandung. ===Basa Kawi<ref name="sumber1">Kawi-Javaans Wordenbook;C.F.Winter Sr.-Java-Ned. Hadwordenbook;J.E.C. Gericke en T.Roorda-Kawi-Balineesch-Nederlandsch Woordenboek.Dr.H.N.van der Tuuk.1894</ref>=== Numutkeun [[basa Kawi]] aya opat harti Sunda, nyaéta :“Cai” hartina daérah anu loba cai, “Tumpukan” hartina subur, “Pangkat” hartina mibanda kualitas, “Waspada” hartina ati-ati. # Sunda hartina cai # Sunda hartina jumplukan # Sunda hartina pangkat # Sunda hartina ati-ati ===Basa Jawa=== Numutkeun basa Jawa aya lima harti Sunda, nyaéta :“Tersusun” hartina tartib, “Nyatu/Bersatu” hartina hirup rukun, “Angka dua (candra sangkala)” hartina saimbang, “Naék” hartina kualitas hirupna terus naék, “Terbang melambung” hartina beuki naék kualitasna. Dina Kamus ''Jav-Ned. Handwoordenbook'' karangan J.E.C. Gericke jeung T. Roorda disebutkeun yén Sunda téh hartina numpuk, nyusun, ngarangkep, kécap atawa sora dirajek. Upama dijieun candrasangkala hartina dua, asalna tina basa Jawa unda anu hartina: Ngunda (jangkrik anu rek diadukeun), Ngapungkeun (langlayangan). Dina basa Jawa tunda hartina tumpukan, susun. ===Basa Sunda <ref name="sumber2">A Dictionary of The Sunda Language of Java; Jonathan Rigg</ref>=== Numutkeun basa Sundana, kecap Sunda mibanda harti :“Lumbung” hartina subur makmur, “Sonda” hartina alus, “Sonda” hartina unggul, “Sonda” hartina senang, bungah, “Sonda” hartina sarua jeung kahayang haté, “Sondara” hartina lalaki anu kasép, “Sondari” hartina awéwé anu geulis, Pinuh ku rasa kanyaah, Éndah. # Sunda hartina ngéntép seureuh # Sunda hartina ngahiji # Sunda hartina angka dua (2) dina itungan [[candrasangkala]] atawa [[suryasangkala]] # Sunda asalna tina kecap ''unda'', artina naék # Sunda hartina ngapung # Sunda hartina cahayaan<ref name=”Sya”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=xCIgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA181&dq=SUNDA&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA0_X0_MaHAxXuRmwGHd9BG684HhDoAXoECAwQAg#v=onepage&q=SUNDA&f=false| title =Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Kearifan Lokal SundaSyarip Hidayat, M.Pd.| last =Syarip Hidayat, M.Pd.| first =Dr. Ujang | publisher =Bina Mulia Publishing| location =Jakarta| year =2019|ISBN=9786239071646|pages =25}} Disungsi 27 Juli 2024</ref> ==Widang géografi/géologi== [[Gambar:Egnazio Danti - Indochinese Peninsula and major islands of Indonesia - Google Art Project.jpg|al=Wilayah kakawasaan Sunda ceuk peta Danti taun 1573|jmpl|Kapuloan Sunda Gedé karya Egnazio Danti taun 1573, ogé némbongkeun wilayah kakawasaan Sunda anu nepi ka [[Sumatra]] bagian kidul.]] Istilah-istilah dina widang [[géografi]]/[[géologi]] nu ngagunakeun kecap "sunda" diwanohkeun ku pangumbara [[dunya Kulon|Kulon]] ti [[Éropa]], di antarana * [[Kapuloan Sunda Gedé]] * [[Kapuloan Sunda Leutik]] * [[Selat Sunda]] * [[Laut Sunda]] * [[Amparan Sunda]] ==Dialék Basa Sunda== Ditempo tina linguistik, basa Sunda jeung basa [[Baduy]] ngawangun hiji rumpun/dapuran basa [[Malayu]]-[[Sumbawa]]. <ref name=wiwitan/> Kalawan rupa-rupa dialék: # Dialék kulon (ilaharna diucapkeun ku masarakat [[Banten]] jeung [[Lampung]] beulah kidul) # Dialék kalér ([[Bogor]] jeung daerah [[Pantura]]) # Dialék Kidul (Priangan, taya lian urang [[Bandung]] jeung sabudeureunna) # Dialék Wétan (dipaké ku masarkat daérah [[Majalengka]], sarta sabagéan Kabupatén [[Indramayu]]) # Dialék [[Cirebon]] (dipake ku masarakat Cirebon, [[Kabupatén Kuningan|Kuningan]], Berebes jeung Tegal) # Dialék [[Ciamis]] (dipake ku masarakat nu aya didaerah Cimais, Cilacap, sarta Banunmas) <ref name=wiwitan/> Urang [[Portugis]] nu kungsi sagulung sagalang jeung urang Sunda, nyebutkeun cenah urang Sunda ma jujur, sarta lébér ku wawanén.<ref name=wiwitan/><ref name=”Jul”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ftZKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA140&dq=SUNDA&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiIgNalocaHAxWASWwGHXoECyIQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=SUNDA&f=false| title =Gaya Petikan Kacapi Tembang: Seputar Biografi Seniman Tembang SundaJulia| last =Julia| first =J. | publisher =UPI Sumedang Press| location =Jakarta| year =2018|ISBN=9786026438164|pages =63}} Disungsi 27 Juli 2024</ref> ==Tempo ogé== *[[Sajarah Sunda]]<ref name=”Isk”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=nIKREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&dq=Spilornis+javanica&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR-YCl9IuGAxVr1TgGHfmkAgA4FBDoAXoECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=Spilornis%20javanica&f=false| title =EKOLOGI PERLADANGAN ORANG BADUY : PENGELOLAAN HUTAN BERBASIS ADAT SECARA BERKELANJUTANIskandar, M.Sc., Ph. D.| last =Iskandar, M.Sc., Ph. D.| first =Prof. Drs. Johan | publisher =Penerbit Alumni| location =Jakarta| year =2022|pages =4}} Disungsi14 Mei 2024</ref> *''[[Kidung Sunda]]'', hiji naskah nu nyaritakeun kajadian [[perang Bubat]] *[[Kala Sunda]], kalénder Sunda *[[Aksara Sunda]], aksara Sunda buhun nu kapanggih dina [[naskah|naskah-naskah]] buhun titinggal mangsa karajaan Sunda *[[Arsitéktur#Wangunan Sunda]], bentuk-bentuk tradisional wangunan Sunda *[[Paguyuban Pasundan]] ==Sumber rujukan== ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist|2}} ==Tumbu kaluar== * [http://www.urang-sunda.or.id KUSnét (Komunitas Urang Sunda di Internet)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107083540/http://www.urang-sunda.or.id/ |date=2011-11-07 }} * [http://www.sundanet.com/ SundaNet.Com: portal komunitas Sunda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050303225623/http://www.sundanet.com/ |date=2005-03-03 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210724020703/https://salemku.co.cc/ salemku.co.cc: portal komunitas Sunda Salem] * [http://ruparupikasundaan.blogspot.com/ ruparupikasundaan.blogspot.com: portal Kasundaan] {{Sunda-pondok}} [[Kategori:Sunda| ]] hjkmzi5z79kmahe5etu3chqyl74lv7u Karajaan Sumedang Larang 0 3675 729159 704359 2026-09-26T12:57:50Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729159 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sumedang Larang''' nyaéta hiji [[karajaan]] [[Islam]] nu kungsi ngadeg di [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Indonésia]], nu mangrupa bukti [[sajarah]] sumebarna [[agama]] Islam di Jawa Kulon. Ieu karajaan teu kawentar kawas [[Demak]], [[Mataram]], [[Banten]] sarta [[Cirebon]] dina pustaka sajarah karajaan-karajaan [[Islam]] di [[Indonésia]]. Tapi, ayana karajaan ieu mangrupa bukti sajarah anu pohara kuat pangaruhna dina sumebarna [[Islam]] di [[Jawa Kulon]] sakumaha anu dipigawé ku [[Karajaan Cirebon]] sarta [[Kasultanan Banten]].<ref name=”Cer”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=AmijrnpEOBoC&pg=PA17&dq=Sunda&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjK08fv8-vtAhUBeisKHddfBjQ4ChDoATAGegQIBBAC#v=onepage&q=Sunda&f=true| title =Cerita Kerajaan Nusantara| last =Hendarsah| first =Amir| publisher =Great! Publisher| location =Universitas Michigan| year =2013|ISBN=9786028696142|pages =19}} Disungsi26 Desémber 2020</ref> Ayana Sumedang Larang téh sabada Pajajaran runtag ku Banten (1579-1580) waktu nyebarkeun agama Islam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Sajarah Sunda Samemeh taun 1945|last=Ruhaliah|first=Ruhaliah|publisher=CV. Wahana Karya Grafika|year=2010|isbn=|location=Bandung|pages=93-94}}</ref> Sabada éta kajadian wilayah priangan, iwal Galuh, aya dina cangkingan Prabu Geusan Ulun (1580-1608 M), ngarana kerajaan Sumedang Larang.<ref name=":0" /> Éta kerajaan téh ibu kotana di Kutamaya, kuloneun Sumedang ayeuna.<ref name=":0" /> Ari Galuh mah anggeur ngadeg.<ref name=":0" /> Tapi dina taun 1595 M Galuh dicangking ku Mataram waktu pamaréntahan Sutawajaya (penembahan Senopati), nu maréntah Mataram dina taun 1586-1601 M.<ref name=":0" /> nurutkeun Hardjasaputra<ref name=":0" /> Sabada Geusan Ulun tilar dunya pamaréntahan dituluykeun ku anak téréna, nyaéta Radén Aria Suradiwangsa (1608-1624 M).<ref name=":0" /> Ari Mataram dipingpin ku Sultan Agung (1603-1645 M).<ref name=":0" /> Dina taun 1620 M Sumedang Larang robah jadi kabupatén Sumedang lantaran Aria Suriadiwangsa pasrah ka Mataram.<ref name=":0" /> Ti harita Sumedang Larang disebut Priangan.<ref name=":0" /> == Sajarah == Karajaan Sumedang Larang (ayeuna [[Kabupatén Sumedang]]) nyaéta salah sahiji tina sakitu lobana karajaan Sunda nu aya di propinsi [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Indonésia]]. Lian ti éta dipikawanoh ogé karajaan Sunda séjénna saperti [[Karajaan Pajajaran]] nu ogé masih aya tumalina nu kacida raketna jeung karajaan saméméhna ([[Karajaan Galuh]]), ngan ayana [[Karajaan Pajajaran]] ieu panungtunganana di Pakuan ([[Bogor]]) sabab ayana serangan aliansi [[Karajaan Cirebon]], [[Banten]] jeung [[Demak]] ([[Jawa Tengah]]). Ti saprak harita, Karajaan Sumedang Larang jadi karajaan anu mibanda otonomi lega pikeun nangtukeun nasibna sorangan. == Asal Ngaran == Karajaan Sumedang Larang asalna ti karajaan [[Islam]] [[Sunda]]-[[Pajajaran]] anu diadegkeun ti saprak [[abad ka-6]] [[Masehi]] ku [[Prabu Adji Bodas]] dumasar kana paréntah [[Prabu Suryadewata]] saméméh Karaton Galuh dipindahkeun ka [[Pajajaran]], [[Bogor]]. Luyu jeung robahna jaman sarta kapamingpinan, ngaran Sumedang ngalaman sawatara parobahan. Anu kahiji nyaéta Karajaan Témbong Agung (Témbong hartina katingali sarta Agung hartina luhur) dipingpin ku [[Prabu Guru Adji Bodas]] dina [[abad ka-6]]. Saterusna dina mangsa jaman [[Prabu Tadjimalela]], diganti jadi Himbar Buana, anu harti nyaangan alam, sarta saterusna diganti deui jadi Sumedang Larang (Sumedang asalna tina kecap Insun Medal/ Insun Medangan anu harti ''kuring dilahirkeun'', sarta Larang hartina ''hiji hal anu euweuh tandinganana''). == Pamaréntahan berdaulat == === Ratu Pucuk Umun sarta Pangeran Santri === Dina panengah [[abad ka-16]], Ratu Pucuk Umun, saurang wanoja turunan raja-raja Sumedang kuna anu mangrupa saurang Sunda muslimah; nikah ka [[Pangeran Santri]] ([[1505]] M-[[1579]] M) anu boga gelar ''Ki Gédéng Sumedang'' sarta maréntah Sumedang Larang bari nyebarkeun ajaran [[Islam]] di wewengkon éta. [[Pangéran Santri]] nyaéta incu ti [[Syekh Maulana Abdurahman]] (Sunan Panjunan) sarta buyut ti [[Syekh Datuk Kahfi]], saurang ajéngan turunan Arab Hadramaut anu asalna ti [[Mekkah]] sarta nyebarkeun ageman Islam di sagala rupa penjuru wewengkon di [[Karajaan Sunda]]. Nikahna Pangeran Santri jeung Ratu Pucuk Umun ieu ngababarkeun [[Prabu Geusan Ulun]] atawa dipikawanoh minangka Prabu Angkawijaya. === Prabu Geusan Ulun === Prabu Geusan Ulun ([[1580]]-[[1608]] M) dinobatkeun pikeun ngagantikeun kakawasaan bapana, [[Pangéran Santri]]. Anjeunna netepkeun [[Kutamaya]] minangka ibukota karajaan Sumedang Larang, anu tempatna di bagian kulon dayeuh. Wewengkon kakawasaanana ngawengku [[Kuningan]], [[Bandung]], [[Garut]], [[Tasikmalaya]], [[Sukabumi]] (Parahiangan) kajaba Galuh ([[Ciamis]]). Karajaan Sumedang dina mangsa Prabu Geusan Ulun ngalaman kamajuan anu pesat dina widang sosial, budaya, ageman, militer sarta pulitik pamaréntahan. Sanggeus wafat dina taun[[1608]], putera kandungna, [[Pangéran Rangga Gempol Kusumadinata]] atawa anu dipikawanoh kalawan ''Raden Aria Suradiwangsa'' ngagantikeun kapamingpinan bapana. == Pamaréntahan Sahandapeun Mataram == === Dipati Rangga Gempol === Dina waktu Rangga Gempol nyekel kapamingpinan, dina taun[[1620]] M Sumedang Larang dijadikeunana wewengkon kakawasaan [[Karajaan Mataram]] di sahandapeun [[Sultan Agung]], sarta statusna minangka 'karajaan' dirobah jadi 'kabupatén'. Hal ieu dipigawé ku manéhna minangka usaha ngajadikeun wewengkon Sumedang minangka wewengkon pertahanan Mataram tina serangan [[Karajaan Banten]] sarta [[Walanda]], anu keur ngalaman konflik jeung Mataram. [[Sultan Agung]] saterusna mikeun paréntah ka Rangga Gempol reujeung pasukanana pikeun mingpin serangan ka Sampang, Madura. Ari pamaréntahan pikeun samentara dibikeun ka adina, Dipati Rangga gedé. === Dipati Rangga Gede === Nalika satengah kakuatan militer kabupatén Sumedang Larang diinditkeun ka [[Madura]] nurutkeun titah [[Sultan Agung]], datang pasukan Karajan Banten pikeun nyerang. Alatan Rangga gedé henteu sanggup nahan serangan pasukan Banten, manéhna ahirna kabur. Kaéléh ieu nyababkeun ambekna [[Sultan Agung]] ku kituna manéhna nahan [[Dipati Rangga Gedé]], sarta pamaréntahan saterusna dibikeun ka [[Dipati Ukur]]. === Dipati Ukur === Sakali deui, [[Dipati Ukur]] diparentah ku [[Sultan Agung]] pikeun babarengan jeung pasukan Mataram narajang sarta ngarebut pertahanan [[Walanda]] di [[Batavia]] ([[Jakarta]]) anu dina ahirna gagal. Kaéléh pasukan Dipati Ukur ieu henteu dilaporkeun geura-giru ka [[Sultan Agung]], diiberkeun yén manéhna kabur tina pertanggungjawabanana sarta ahirna katangkep dina panyumputanana dumasar kana beja mata-mata [[Sultan Agung]] anu ngawasa di wewengkon [[Parahiangan]]. == Babagean Wewengkon Karajaan == Sanggeus béak mangsa hukumanana, Dipati Rangga Gedé dibéré kakawasaan pikeun balik deui maréntah di Sumedang. Ari wewengkon [[Parahiangan]] di luar Sumedang sarta [[Galuh]] ([[Ciamis]]), ku Mataram dibagi jadi tilu bagian: * Kahiji, [[Kabupatén Bandung]], anu dipingpin ku [[Tumenggung Wirangunangun]], * Kadua, Kabupatén [[Parakanmuncang]] anu dimpimpin ku [[Tanubaya]], sarta * Katilu, Kabupatén [[Sukapura]] anu dipingpin ku [[Tumenggung Wiradegdaha]] / R. Wirawangsa. == Titilar Budaya == Nepi ka kiwari, Sumedang masih boga status kabupatén, minangka sésa titilar konflik pulitik anu réa diintervensi ku [[Karajaan Mataram]] dina mangsa éta. Ari artefak sajarah mangrupa pusaka perang, atribut karajaan, pakakas raja-raja sarta naskah kuna titilar Karajaan Sumedang Larang masih bisa ditempo sacara umum di [[Musieum Prabu Geusan Ulun]], Sumedang tempatna pas di kidul alun-alun dayeuh Sumedang, ngahiji jeung [[Gedong Srimanganti]] sarta wangunan pamaréntah wewengkon satempat. ==Tutumbu Luar== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080131180443/http://garut.go.id/pariwisata/index.php?mindex=daf_det_budaya&s_name=Naskah%20Kuno&id_det=80%2F Naskah Kuno-Sajarah Sukapura] * [http://www.kompasiana.com/dksumirta/pesan-prabu-tajimalela-untuk-anak-bangsa_551938bea333110a15b65a00 Pesan Prabu Tajimalela untuk Anak Bangsa] {{pondok}} {{Sunda}} == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Sajarah Sunda]] [[Kategori:Karajaan di Jawa Kulon|Sumedang Larang]] trtppdc95xd9ahvahob4oippam95gl4 Kabupatén Tasikmalaya 0 4389 729092 675916 2026-09-26T12:10:45Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 24 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729092 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Pikeun artikel [[kota]] nu ngaranna sarua, tempo [[Kota Tasikmalaya]]. {{dati2 |nami=Kabupatén Tasikmalaya |propinsi=[[Jawa Kulon]] |ibukota=[[Singaparna]] |lega= 2.680,48 km² |pangeusi=1.636.000 (2003) |kapadetan=610 |kacamatan=39 |kalurahan=- |kodearea=0265 |dau=Rp. - |lambang=[[Gambar:images.jpeg|80px]] |peta=[[Gambar:Map of West Java highlighting Tasikmalaya Regency.svg|250px]] |kordinat={{coord|7.3606|S|108.1127|E|region:ID-JB_type:kabupatén|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |dasar hukum=- |tanggal=- |motto=- |kapala daerah=[[Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah=[[Ade Sugianto]] |web={{url|tasikmalayakab.go.id}} |kapala daerah1=[[Wakil Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah1=[[Cecep Nurul Yakin]] |foto=[[Gambar:View of Naga village.jpg|250px]] |caption=[[Kampung Naga]] {{Location map|Indonésia_Jawa#Indonésia |float=center |label=Kabupatén Tasikmalaya |lat_deg=7 |lat_min=21 |lat_sec=38 |lat_dir=S |lon_deg=108 |lon_min=06 |lon_sec=46 |lon_dir=E}} }} [[Gambar:Seal of Tasikmalaya Regency.svg|jmpl|Logo Kabupaten Tasikmalaya]] '''Kabupatén Tasikmalaya''' ([[aksara Sunda]]: ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮒᮞᮤᮊ᮪ᮙᮜᮚ) mangrupa kabupatén di Propinsi Jawa Kulon, Indonésia. Ibukotana Singaparna, kira-kira 380&nbsp;km beulah kidul wétan Jakarta. Kabupatén ieu wawatesan jeung [[Kabupatén Majalengka]] di beulah kalér, [[Kabupatén Ciamis]], Kabupaten [[Kabupatén Pangandaran|Pangandaran]] jeung [[Kota Tasikmalaya]] di beulah wétan, [[Samudra Hindia]] di beulah kidul sarta [[Kabupatén Garut]] di beulah kulon == Visi jeung Misi == === Visi<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasikmalayakab.go.id/index.php/en/home/visi-misi|title=VISI MISI|website=www.tasikmalayakab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218061518/https://www.tasikmalayakab.go.id/index.php/en/home/visi-misi|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> === Visi anu rék dihontal dina mangsa 2021-2026, dijéntrékeun kana Visi Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, nyaéta: '''"Kalayan Sumanget Gotong Royong, Ngajadikeun Kabupatén Tasikmalaya Anu Religius/Islami, Ngabogaan Daya Saing Jeung Raharja"''' Nilik kana poténsi, kaayaan, masalah, tantangan jeung kasempetan anu aya di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, visi pangwangunan daérah dina RPJMD Kabupatén Tasikmalaya Taun 2021-2026 téh mangrupa élaborasi tina visi Bupati jeung Wakil Bupati anu kapilih minangka hasil Pilkada 9 Désémber 2020. Visi éta ngagambarkeun arah pangwangunan atawa kaayaan anu dipikahayang dina mangsa nu bakal datang dina jangka waktu 5 (lima) taun kahareup. === Misi<ref name=":3" /> === Nilik kana visi jeung parobahan paradigma tur kaayaan anu baris disanghareupan ka hareupna, dina usaha ngawujudkeun visi pangwangunan Kabupatén Tasikmalaya Taun 2021-2026, misi pangwangunan nyaéta: # Ngaronjatkeun kualitas SDM anu kompetitif, sarta boga kapribadian jeung ahlak anu hade; # Nyiptakeun pamaréntahan anu ngalayanan, bersih jeung profésional; # Ngawujudkeun karaharjaan masarakat ngaliwatan penguatan désa minangka puseur pertumbuhan ékonomi kerakyatan dumasar kana tatanén jeung pariwisata; Jeung # Nyiptakeun iklim investasi anu kondusif dina usaha ngadorong pangwangunan usaha jeung dina nyiptakeun tempat gawé ngaliwatan pangwangunan kerjasama skala lokal, nasional, regional jeung global. ==Pamaréntahan== [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een brug in de Preanger op West-Java (bij Leuwisari in de buurt van Tassikmalaja of tussen Soreang en Tjiwidej) TMnr 10007556.jpg|jmpl|Jalan di Leuwisari mangsa taun 1922]] Kabupatén Tasikmalaya kawengku ku 39 [[kacamatan]], nu dibagi deui kana sajumlah [[désa]] jeung [[kalurahan]]. [[Kota Tasikmalaya]], baheulana mangrupa bagéan ti wilayah Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, nu kiwari geus ngajadi kota otonom ti ngawitan [[21 Juni]] [[2001]]. Ti harita, sacara bertahap puseur pamaréntahan kabupatén ieu dipindahkeun ka Kacamatan [[Singaparna, Tasikmalaya|Singaparna]]. Kacamatan di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya ngawengku:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tasikmalayakab.bps.go.id/indicator/153/109/1/jumlah-desa-per-kecamatan-di-kabupaten-tasikmalaya.html|title=Jumlah Desa Per Kecamatan di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya 2019-2021|website=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Tasikmalaya|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210151839/https://tasikmalayakab.bps.go.id/indicator/153/109/1/jumlah-desa-per-kecamatan-di-kabupaten-tasikmalaya.html|archivedate=2023-02-10}}</ref> # [[Cipatujah, Tasikmalaya|Cipatujah]] # [[Karangnunggal, Tasikmalaya|Karangnunggal]] # [[Cikalong, Tasikmalaya|Cikalong]] # [[Pancatengah, Tasikmalaya|Pancatengah]] # [[Cikatomas, Tasikmalaya|Cikatomas]] # [[Cibalong, Tasikmalaya|Cibalong]] # [[Parungponténg, Tasikmalaya|Parungponténg]] # [[Bantarkalong, Tasikmalaya|Bantarkalong]] # [[Bojongasih, Bojong Asih, Tasikmalaya|Bojongasih]] # [[Culaméga, Tasikmalaya|Culaméga]] # [[Bojonggambir, Tasikmalaya|Bojonggambir]] # [[Sodonghilir, Tasikmalaya|Sodonghilir]] # [[Taraju, Tasikmalaya|Taraju]] # [[Salawu, Tasikmalaya|Salawu]] # [[Puspahiang, Tasikmalaya|Puspahiang]] # [[Tanjungjaya, Tasikmalaya|Tanjungjaya]] # [[Sukaraja, Tasikmalaya|Sukaraja]] # [[Salopa, Tasikmalaya|Salopa]] # [[Jatiwaras, Tasikmalaya|Jatiwaras]] # [[Cinéam, Tasikmalaya|Cinéam]] # [[Karangjaya, Tasikmalaya|Karangjaya]] # [[Manonjaya, Tasikmalaya|Manonjaya]] # [[Gunungtanjung, Tasikmalaya|Gunungtanjung]] # [[Singaparna, Tasikmalaya|Singaparna]] # [[Sukaramé, Tasikmalaya|Sukaramé]] # [[Mangunreja, Tasikmalaya|Mangunréja]] # [[Cigalontang, Tasikmalaya|Cigalontang]] # [[Leuwisari, Tasikmalaya|Leuwisari]] # [[Sariwangi, Tasikmalaya|Sariwangi]] # [[Padakembang, Tasikmalaya|Padakembang]] # [[Sukaratu, Tasikmalaya|Sukaratu]] # [[Sukahening, Tasikmalaya|Sukahening]] # [[Cisayong, Tasikmalaya|Cisayong]] # [[Rajapolah, Tasikmalaya|Rajapolah]] # [[Jamanis, Tasikmalaya|Jamanis]] # [[Ciawi, Tasikmalaya|Ciawi]] # [[Kadipatén, Tasikmalaya|Kadipatén]] # [[Pagerageung, Tasikmalaya|Pagerageung]] # [[Sukaresik, Tasikmalaya|Sukaresik]] Kacamatan paling leutik di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya nyaéta [[Sukaresik, Tasikmalaya|Kacamatan Sukaresik]] anu miboga léga 17,8&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> Sedengkeun kacamatan paling lega nyaéta Kacamatan [[Cipatujah, Tasikmalaya|Cipatujah]] anu miboga lega 246,67&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. Lamun kacamatan panghandapna nyaéta Kacamatan Cikalaong anu luhurna 125 metér di luhureun cai laut. Sedengkeun kacamatan anu pangluhurna nyaéta Kacamatan [[Taraju, Tasikmalaya|Taraju]] anu luhurna 880 meter di luhureun cai laut.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Dalam Angka|last=Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS)|first=|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS)|year=2022|isbn=978-602-71069-1-8|location=Tasikmalaya}}</ref> [[Gambar:Sukamenak, Sukaresik, Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia - panoramio (6).jpg|jmpl|Kacamatan Sukaresik, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya]] Di handap ieu daptar [[kacamatan]] lengkep jeung jumlah [[Désa|desa]]<nowiki/>na:<ref name=":1" /> {| class="wikitable" !No. !Kacamatan !Jumlah Désa |- |1 |Cipatujah |15 |- |2 |Karangnunggal |14 |- |3 |Cikalong |13 |- |4 |Pancatengah |11 |- |5 |Cikatomas |9 |- |6 |Cibalong |6 |- |7 |Parungponténg |8 |- |8 |Bantarkalong |8 |- |9 |Bojongasih |6 |- |10 |Culamega |5 |- |11 |Bojonggambir |10 |- |12 |Sodonghilir |12 |- |13 |Taraju |9 |- |14 |Salawu |12 |- |15 |Puspahiang |8 |- |16 |Tanjungjaya |7 |- |17 |Sukaraja |8 |- |18 |Salopa |9 |- |19 |Jatiwaras |11 |- |20 |Cineam |10 |} === Daptar Bupati === Di handap ieu daptar Bupati Tasikmalaya ti taun 1807 nepika ayeuna. {| class="wikitable" !Nomér !Ngaran Bupati !Foto !Periode |- |1 |Raden Anggadipa II (Raden Tumenggung Wiradadaha VIII) | - |1807-1837 |- |2 |Raden Tumenggung Danudiningra | - |1837-1844 |- |3 |Raden Tumenggung Wiratanubaya | - |1844-1855 |- |4 |Raden Tumenggung Wiraadegdana | - |1855-1875 |- |5 |Raden Tumenggung Wirahadiningrat | - |1875-1901 |- |6 |Raden Tumenggung Prawirahadingrat | - |1901-1908 |- |7 |Raden Tumenggung Wiratanuningrat | - |1908-1937 |- |8 |Raden Tumenggung Wiradipoetra | - |1938-1944 |- |9 |Raden Tumenggung Aria Soenarya | - |1944-1947 |- |10 |R. Abas Wilagasomantri | - |1948-1951 |- |11 |R. Priatna Kusumah |[[Gambar:Mayor_of_Bandung_R_Priatna_Kusumah.jpg|pus|jmpl|134x134px]] |1951-1957 |- |12 |R. Ipung Gandapraja | - |1957-1958 |- |13 |R. Memet Supartadirja | - |1958-1966 |- |14 |Kolonel Inf. Husen Wangsaatmadja | - |1966-1974 |- |15 |Drs. H. Kartiwa Suryasaputra | - |1974-1976 |- |16 |Kolonel Inf. A. Benyamin | - |1976-1981 |- |17 |Kol. Inf. H. Hudly Bambang Aruman | - |1981-1986 |- |18 |Kol. Inf. H. Adang Roosman SH | - |1986-1991 |- |19 |Kol. Inf. H. SuiIjana Wirata Hadisubrata | - |1991-1996 jeung 1996-2001 |- |20 |Drs. H. Tatang Farhanul Hakim, M.Pd | - |2001-2006 jeung 2006-2011 |- |21 |H. Uu Ruzhanul Ulum, S.E. |[[Gambar:Bupati_Tasikmalaya_Uu_Ruzhanul_Ulum.png|pus|jmpl|134x134px]] |2011-2016 jeung 2016-2018 |- |22 |H.Ade Sugianto, S.I.P. (Plt.) |[[Gambar:Wakil Bupati Tasikmalaya Ade Sugianto.png|jmpl|134x134px]] |2018-ayeuna (petahana) |} === Aparatur Sipil Nagara (ASN) === Jumlah pagawé Aparatur Sipil Nagara anu ngabantuan bupati jeung wakil [[bupati]] Tasikmalaya taun aya 12.146 urang anu kabagi kana pagawé lalaki 5.745 urang jeung pagawé awéwé aya 6.401 urang. Tina jumlah éta, pangloban lulusan [[sarjana]]/pascasarjana anu jumlahna 9.618 urang. Lamun ditempo tina pangkat/golongan, Pagawé Nagara Sipil (PNS) Kabupatén Tasikmalaya anu golongan I aya 53 urang, golongan II aya 1.010 urang, golongan III aya 5.103 urang jeung golongan IV aya 5.980 urang.<ref name=":1" /> === Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daérah (SKPD) Kabupatén Tasikmalaya === Di handap ieu daptar Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daérah (SKPD) Kabupatén Tasikmalaya reujeung alamatna: {| class="wikitable" !Nomer !Ngaran SKPD !Alamat jeung Nomer Telepon |- |1 |Sekrétariat Daérah Kabupatén Tasikmalaya |Jl.Sukapura Komplek Perkantoran Singaparna Telp (0265) 543000 |- |2 |Inspéktorat Daérah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya |Jl. Sukapura II Komplek Perkantoran Singaparna Telp.(0265) 2553009 Fax (0265) 2553010 |- |3 |Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan, Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Daerah Kabupatén Tasikmalaya |Kompléks Perkantoran Sukapura Jl. Sukapura III Singaparna kodé pos 46415 Telp.(0265)543432 Fax.(0265) 543432 |- |4 |Badan Pengelola Keuangan dan Pendapatan Daérah Kabupatén Tasikmalaya |Jl. Bojongkonéng Bypass Singaparna Telp. (0265) 543504 Fax. (0265) 543505 |- |5 |Sekrétariat DPRD Kabupatén Tasikmalaya |Komplek Perkantoran Jl. Bojongkonéng bypass Singaparna Kab. Tasikmalaya Telp. (0265) 543004 Fax. (0265) 543006 |- |6 |Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kabupatén Tasikmalaya |Jl. Mayor S. L. Tobing No. 56 Tasikmalaya Tel/ Fax (0265) 330171 |- |7 |Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daérah Kabupatén Tasikmalaya |Jl. Otto Iskandardinata No.19 Tasikmalaya Tlp/Fax. (0265) 334111 |- |8 |Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan |Jl. Dalem Wirawangsa Km 1.2 Telp. 0265 548686 Faxs. (0265) 548686 |- |9 |Dinas Kesehatan |Kompleks Perkantoran Jl. Bojongkonéng bypass Singaparna Kab. Tasikmalaya telp/ Fax (0265)2553155 |- |10 |Dinas Pekerjaan Umum, Tata Ruang, Perumahan Rakyat dan Kawasan Permukiman Dan Lingkungan Hidup Kabupatén Tasikmalaya |Jl Mangunreja-Sukaraja Km. 12 Tasikmalaya Telp (0265) 548786 |- |11 |Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja |Jalan Bojongkonéng By Pass Désa Sukaasih Kecamatan Singaparna - Kabupatén Tasikmalaya Telp.(0265) 543457 Fax.(0265) 543457 |- |12 |Dinas Sosial, Pengendalian Penduduk,Keluarga Berencana, Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak |Jl. Sukapura Kompléks Pamarentahan Kabupatén Tasikmalaya Telp. (0265)333156 |- |13 |Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda dan Olahraga |Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.6 No 283B Telp (0265)330165 |- |14 |Dinas Pertanian,Ketahanan Pangan dan Perikanan |Jl. Bojongkonéng Komplek Perkantoran Kabupatén Tasikmalaya Kode Pos 46415 Telp/Fax (0265) 330163 |- |15 |Dinas Koperasi, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah, Perindustrian dan Perdagangan |Jl. Mayor Utarya No. 1 telp./Fax. (0265) 333154 |- |16 |Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil |Jl Mayor Utarya No.1 Lt. II, Kota Tasikmalaya Kode Pos 46113 Tlp. (0265) 2353587 Fax. (0265) 2353587 |- |17 |Dinas Penanaman Modal dan PTSPT |Komplek Perkantoran Pemerintah Kab. Tasikmalaya, Singaparna kodepos 46415 Telp./Fax. (0265)2553101 |- |18 |Dinas Perhubungan Komunikasi dan Informatika |Jl. Raya Timur No. 254-A Cintaraja Singaparna Kabupatén Tasikmalaya Telp./Fax. (0265) 543114 |- |19 |Badan Kesatuan Bangsa Dan Politik |Jl. Pemuda No.1, Yudanagara, Kec. Cihideung, Kab. Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat 46123 |- |20 |Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Singaparna Medika Citrautama |Jl. Raya Rancamaya, Singaparna, Cikunten, Singaparna, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat 46412 Telp. (0265) 543456 Faxs. (0265) 543437 |} === Déwan Perwakilan Rahayat Daérah (DPRD) === Jumlah wakil rahayat di DPRD Kabupatén Tasikmalaya periodé 2019-2024 aya 50 urang anu diwengku ku 42 urang lalaki jeung 8 urang awéwé.<ref name=":1" /> {| class="wikitable" !Partai Politik !Jumlah Korsi |- |PKB |8 |- |Gerindra |9 |- |PDI-P |6 |- |Golkar |7 |- |PKS |3 |- |PPP |7 |- |PAN |5 |- |Demokrat |5 |} == Sajarah == [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Moskee TMnr 60016881.jpg|jmpl|Masjid di Singaparna taun 1925-1933]] Ngaran Kabupatén Tasikmalaya dimimitian ku ayana Kabupatén Sukapura. Ngaran Tasikmalaya mimiti katembong di taun 1820 sabot aya distrik Tasjikmalaija ''op'' Tjitjariang anu saterusna kaasup wilayah Kabupaten Sukapura.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/id-id/berita/other/yuk-ketahui-sejarah-nama-kota-tasikmalaya-dahulu-bernama-sukapura/ar-AA14fqBR|title=Yuk Ketahui Sejarah Nama Kota Tasikmalaya, Dahulu Bernama Sukapura|website=MSN|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217075732/https://www.msn.com/id-id/berita/other/yuk-ketahui-sejarah-nama-kota-tasikmalaya-dahulu-bernama-sukapura/ar-AA14fqBR|archivedate=2023-02-17}}</ref> . Tisaprak taun 1913 di jaman pamaréntahan bupati R.A.A. Wiratanuningrat putra ti bupati saacanna nyaéta [[Raden Adipati Wiraadegdaha]], [[Kabupaten Sukapura]] diganti ngaranna jadi Kabupaten Tasikmalaya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rahmat|first=Aam Amaliah|last2=Lubis|first2=Nina Herlina|last3=Nugrahanto|first3=Widyo|date=2017-09|title=Peranan Bupati R.A.A. Wiratanuningrat dalam Pembangunan Kabupaten Tasikmalaya 1908-1937|url=https://www.neliti.com/publications/291878/|journal=Patanjala|language=en|volume=9|issue=3|pages=291878|doi=10.30959/patanjala.v9i3.46|issn=2085-9937}}</ref> Sukapura aya nu ngartikeun jejerna karaton tina kecap "suka" hartina tihang/asal, sedengkeun "pura" hartina karaton atawa istana. Lamun kecap "Tasikmalaya" aya nu ngahartikeun keusik anu ngalayah. Aya ogé nu ngahartikeun Tasikmalaya tina kecap "tasik" hartina talaga/situ/cai jeung "malaya" hartina jajaran gunung-gunung, kukituna tasikmalaya dihartikeun daérah anu loba [[gunung]] siga cai.<ref name=":2" /> == Perékonomian == Total pendapatan Kabupatén Tasikmalaya taun 2021 nyaéta Rp3,592 triliun anu diwangun ku pangasilan asli daerah, dana perimbangan jeung pangasilan séjén anu sah. Réalisasi pangasilan asli daérah Kabupatén Tasikmalaya taun 2021 nepi kana Rp305,581 miliar anu diwangun ku [[pajeg]] daérah, [[rétribusi]] daérah, hasil pausahaan milik daérah jeung pangasilan asli daérah séjénna. Lamun dana perimbangan ti pamaréntah pusat nepi kana gedéna Rp2,001 triliun, sedengkeun pangasilan lain anu sah gedéna Rp1,1934 triliun anu asalna tina hibah, dana darurat, dana bagi hasil pajeg ti [[propinsi]], dana [[otonomi]], bantuan keduitan jeung dana séjénna.<ref name=":1" /> Lamun ditempo tina belah balanja daérah taun 2021, Kabupatén Tasikmalaya nganggarkeun balanja langsung jeung balanja henteu langsung. Anggaran balanja teu langsung jang pagawé gedéna Rp2,251 triliun, balanja hibah Rp170,518 miliar, sésana balanja bantuan sosial, balanja bagi hasil jeung balanja bantuan kaduitan tur balanja anu teu kasangka. Balanja langsung ngan dipaké kana dua lawang, nyaéta balanja barang jeung jasa Rp725,309 miliar jeung balanja modal Rp594,952 miliar.<ref name=":1" /> PDRB atawa Pendapatan Daerah Regional Bruto di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya taun 2021 nurutkeun kana lapangan usaha dasar harga anu berlaku nyaéta Rp39.285.640, sedengkeun PDRB anu dasarna harga konstan nepi kana angka Rp25.179.480. Laju kanaékan PDRB harga konstan taun 2021 nyaéta 3,43%. Laju kanaékan PDRB harga konstran taun 2021 paling gedé dirojong ku séktor di widang anu ngayakeun [[listrik]] jeung gas jeung ''real estate.'' <ref name=":1" /> === Kamiskinan === Taun 2021, di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya aya 159,9 rébu jalma miskin kalawan garis kamiskinanna Rp311.848. Hal ieu nembongkeun panurunan anu gedéna 195,61 rébu jalma dibandingkeun taun seméméhna.<ref name=":1" /> === Tatanén === [[Gambar:Sawah Tasikmalaya.jpg|jmpl|Sawah di Tasikmalaya]] Pamakéan lahan di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya lolobana dipaké ku kebon campur (131.579,89 hektar), leuweung (46.024,32 hektar), permukiman (21.006,11 hektar), sésana dipaké lahan sawah, walungan, émpang, balukar, jalan, basisir, jeung situ.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasikmalayakab.go.id/index.php/en/about/dokumen-perencanaan/rpjmd/rpjmd-2021-2026/send/6-transparansi-pengelolaan-anggaran/621-rpjmd-kabupaten-tasikmalaya-tahun-2021-2026|title=RPJMD Kabupaten Tasikmalaya|last=Pemerintah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya|website=https://tasikmalayakab.go.id|publisher=Pemerintah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya|accessdate=18-02-2023}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Legana lahan [[sawah]] di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya kurang leuwih 43.766 hektar anu lolobana kaasup sawah [[irigasi]] teknis (29.323 hektar). Lobana produksi [[paré]] tina sawah jeung [[huma]] taun 2021 nyaéta 819.450 ton tina lahan 119.933 hektar. Sedengkeun hasil tatanén [[palawija]] hususna [[jagong]] nepi kana 35.699 ton kalawan lahan anu legana 5.229 hektar. Pepelakan [[cabé]] oge ngahasilkeun 180.751 ton, disusul ku pepelakan nu utama saperti [[buncis]], [[tomat]], buah [[cau]], [[manggu]], [[Kalapa|buah kalapa]] jeung [[kopi]].<ref name=":1" /> Piaraan sato/ingon-ingon di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya lolobana tina sapi potong jeung [[domba]]. Anu séjénna nyaéta [[hayam]] pedaging jeung hayam kampung. Sedengkeun ingon-ingon lauk anu loba dihasilkeun nyaéta lauk emas, nila, nilem jeung guramé.<ref name=":1" /> Kacamatan anu paling loba ngahasilkeun paré sawah nyaéta kacamatan [[Karangnunggal, Tasikmalaya|Karangnunggal]] anu lobana 45.584 ton. Sedengkeun kacamatan anu loba ngahasilkeun cabé nyaéta Kacamatan [[Taraju, Tasikmalaya|Taraju]] anu lobana 3.096 ton. Kacamatan [[Salawu, Tasikmalaya|Salawu]] jadi kacamatan anu panglobana ngasilkeun kapol nyaa 2.066.031 ton, sedengkeun Kacamatan [[Bojonggambir, Tasikmalaya|Bojonggambir]] jadi kacamatan anu panglobana ngahasilkeun jahe (553.200 ton).<ref name=":1" /> === Industri Leutik === Jenis [[industri]] leutik anu loba di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya mangrupa:<ref name=":1" /> * industri barang [[kulit]] (33 usaha) * industri pangolahan [[kertas]] (73 usaha) * industri kimia farmasi (87 usaha) * industri pangolahan [[karét]] (12 usaha) * industri peralatan (159 usaha) * industri [[bako]] (10 usaha) * industri [[batik]] (2 usaha). === Perdagangan === Data taun [[2021]] nyebutkeun yén aya 120 mini market atawa swalayan leutik, 57 [[pasar]], 31 pasar semi modern jeung 25 pasar wangunan permanen anu ngadukung séktor perdagangan di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya. === Kawasan Strategis Nasional (KSN) jeung Kawasan Strategis Kabupatén (KSK) === Kawasan Strategis Nasional (KSN) nyaéta kawasan anu diutamakeun sabab boga pangaruh nu penting pisan di lingkup propinsi, ditempo tina aspék pertahanan jeung kaamanan geostrategis nasional, basis militer jeung wilayah kadaulatan pulo pangluarna. KSN anu aya di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya aya di Pulo Nusa Manuk di Kacamatan Cikalong.<ref name=":4" /> Lamun Kawasan Strategis Kabupatén (KSK) Tasikmalaya diantarana: {| class="wikitable sortable" !KSK Kapentingan ékonomi !KSK kapentingan sosial budaya !KSK Kapentingan sumber daya alam jeung téknologi |- |KSK Perkotaan Singaparna; KSK Perkotaan Ciawi; KSK Perkotaan Manonjaya; KSK Perkotaan Karangnunggal; KSK Industri dan Perdagangan Kerajinan Rajapolah; KSK Industri Manufaktur Cisayong dan Sukaratu; KSK Wisata Pantai Karangtawulan;KSK Wisata Alam Gunung Galunggung; KSK Agrobisnis Pasir Batang |KSK Kampung Naga; KSK Wisata Ziarah Pamijahan; KSK Pasantren Suryalaya; KSK Pesantren Miftahul Huda; KSK Pesantrén Cipasung; KSK Pasantrén Sukamanah |KSK ''Geothermal'' Karaha Bodas anu aya di Kacamatan Kadipatén; KSK Batu Mulia Jasper anu aya di Désa Buni Asih Kacamatan Pancatengah; KSK Plasma Nutfah Sirah Cimunjul anu aya di Kacamatan Cipatujah; KSK kawasan pertambangan anu aya di Kacamatan Cipatujah, Kacamatan Cikalong; dan Kacamatan Karangnunggal; KSK Kawasan Basisir anu aya di Kacamatan Cipatujah, Kacamatan Karangnunggal jeung Kecamatan Cikalong. |} ==Géografi== [[Gambar:Gunung Galunggung, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya.jpg|jmpl|Kawah Gunung Galunggung taun 2015]] Sabagéan gedé wilayah Kabupatén Tasikmalaya mangrupa daérah pagunungan, kalayan puncakna [[Gunung Galunggung]] jung [[Gunung Talagabodas]]. Tasikmalaya mibanda iklim tropis kalayan suhu rata-rata di dataran handap 20°-34&nbsp;°C jeung dataran luhur 18°-22&nbsp;°C. Curah hujan rata-rata 2.072&nbsp;mm/taun. Kabupatén Tasikmalaya mangrupakeun bagéan ti wilayah Propinsi Jawa Kulon anu aya di antara 7°02' 29" - 7°49' 08" Lintang Kidul sarta 107°54' 10" - 108°25' 52" Bujur W.tan. Samentara éta, total wewengkon Kabupatén Tasikmalaya nyaéta 2.708,82&nbsp;km², kalawan panjang garis basisir kira-kira 54,5&nbsp;km jeung ''fishing ground'' 306&nbsp;km².<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasikmalayakab.go.id/index.php/en/home/letak-geografis|title=Letak Geografis|website=www.tasikmalayakab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211080828/https://www.tasikmalayakab.go.id/index.php/en/home/letak-geografis#:~:text=Kabupaten%20Tasikmalaya%20merupakan%20bagian%20dari,25%27%2052%22%20Bujur%20Timur.|archivedate=2023-02-11}}</ref> Wewengkon Kabupatén Tasikmalaya miboga kaluhuran antara 0 – 2.500 méter di luhur permukaan laut (dpl). Sacara umum, éta wewengkon bisa dibédakeun dumasar kana luhurna, nya éta: beulah kalér mangrupa wewengkon dataran luhur jeung beulah kidul mangrupa wewengkon dataran handap anu luhurna antara 0 – 100 méter dpl.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://badan-penghubung.jabarprov.go.id/potensi-kabupaten-tasikmalaya/|title=Potensi Kabupaten Tasikmalaya|website=Badan Perhubungan Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat|accessdate=2023-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211080830/https://badan-penghubung.jabarprov.go.id/potensi-kabupaten-tasikmalaya/|archivedate=2023-02-11}}</ref> == Wewengkon Werit Musibah == Nurutkeun kana kaayaan geografis Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, wewengkon anu werit keuna musibah aya sababaraha wilayah. Badan Nasional Panaggulangan Bencana (BNPB) geus nyiuen kajian supaya nganyahokeun poténsi musibah nu bakal tumiba di Tasikmalaya, di antarana:<ref name=":4" /> # Caah # Caah déngdéng # Cuaca ekstrim # Lambak ekstrim jeung abrasi # Lini # Kahuruan di leuweung jeung lahan # Usum Kagaringan # Gunung bitu # Urug # Tsunami Poténsi musibah tsunami di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya diperkirakeun aya di Kacamatan Cikalong, Cipatujah jeung Karangnunggal anu kaasup kelas "luhur" kalawan lega wilayah bahayana 694,73 hektar.<ref name=":4" /> == Démograpi == Numutkeun kana hasil Proyéksi [[Sénsus]] jalma nu nyicingan Kabupatén Tasikmalaya taun 2020 aya lobana 1.883.733 jalma anu kabagi kana 955.175 lalaki jeung 928.558 awéwé. Hasil ieu nunjukkeun yén aya kanaékan gedéna 0,29 persén dibandingkeun taun saméméhna. Lamun numutkeun kana data Dinas Kependudukan jeung Catatan Sipil Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, lobana penduduk taun 2021 di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya aya 1.796.496 jalma anu kabagi kana 913.795 [[lalaki]] jeung 882.701 [[awéwé]].<ref name=":1" /> Kapadetan jalma nu nyicingan Kabupatén Tasikmalaya taun 2020 nyaéta nincak 689 jalma/km<sup>2</sup>. [[Kacamatan]] anu paling padet nyaéta Kacamatan [[Singaparna, Tasikmalaya|Singaparna]] anu gedéna 2.907 jalma/km<sup>2</sup> jeung nu pang leutikna kapadetan aya di [[Pancatengah, Tasikmalaya|Kacamatan Pancatengah]] nyaéta 245 jalma/km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=":1" /> == Hidrologi == Kondisi hidrologi di wewengkong Kabupatén Tasikmalaya digambarkeun dina kayaaan:<ref name=":4" /> ==== Walungan ==== Aya 6 daérah di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya anudiliwatan ku walungan gedé nyaéta: # Walungan Cilangla # Walungan Cimedang # Walungan Cisanggiri # Walungan Cipatujah # Walungan Citanduy # Walungan Ciwulan. ==== Cinyusu ==== Cinyusu loba di daérah Kacamatan Leuwisari, Sariwangi, Parungponteng, Puspahiang, Sodonghilir, Pancatengah, Cikalong, Cipatujah, Bantarkalong, Cisayong, Sukahening, Sukaresik dan Pagerageung. Cinyusu ieu digunakeun ku masyarakat pikeun cai nginum.<ref name=":4" /> ==== Situ ==== Aya sababaraha hiji situ nu aya di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya nyaéta:<ref name=":4" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ngaran Situ !Désa-Kacamatan !Lega Situ (hektar) !Kagunaan |- |Sanghyang |Cibalanarik-Sukaraja |10,25 |Irigasi |- |Cigaleuh |Kalapagenep-Cikalong |2,00 |Sawah |- |Cilangla |Taraju-Taraju |10,00 |Wisata |- |Galuh Taruna |Cibuniasih-Pancatengah |2,00 |Sawah |- |Gede Pancatengah |Mekarsari-Pancatengah |1,00 |Sawah |- |Denuh |Cikuya-Bantarkalong |1,20 |Sawah |- |Citilu |Pasirhaur-Ciawi |0,76 |Sawah |- |Karkil |Tobangjaya-Cipatujah |1,75 |Pangairan |- |Oblok |Mandalaya-Cikalong |4,50 |Sawah |- |Batu Hawu |Cikupa-Karangnunggal |3,00 |Sawah |- |Labuan Bulan |Girikencana-Karangnunggal |2,50 |Sawah |- |Asta |Girikencana-Karangnunggal |0,50 |Sawah/Irigasi |- |Cigagak |Sukapada-Pageurageung |0,25 |Sawah |- |Sarbeni |Ciwarak – Jatiwaras |1,00 |Sawah/Irigasi |- |Ciburial |Sukapada – Pagerageung |2,00 |Sawah |- |Garunggang |Rajadatu – Cineam |2,00 |Sawah |- |Cilameta |Ciampanan – Cineam |2,00 |Sawah/Irigasi |} == Klimatologi == [[Gambar:Tanjungmekar, Jamanis, Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia - panoramio (5).jpg|jmpl|Kacamatan Jamanis, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya]] [[Gambar:Taraju wide picture.jpg|jmpl|Kacamatan Taraju, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya]] Kabupatén Tasikmalaya miboga iklim tropis kalawan rata-rata temperatur 34 darajat celsius sarta kabeueusan 50% di dataran handap. Lamun di dataran luhur, rata-rata temperatur kurang leuwih 18-22 darajat Celsius sarta kabeueusan antara 61%-73%. Curah hujan paling luhur lumangsung di bulan Nopember. Usum ngijih lumangsung antara bulan Oktober, sedengkeun usum halodo lumangsung antara bulan Juni-September. Curah hujan panghandapna antara 2.500-3.000&nbsp;mm/taun lumangsung di Kacamatan Sukaraja, Cibalong, Salopa, Pagerageung, Ciawi, dan Jamanis. Sedengkeun curah hujan pangluhurna lumangsung di Kacamatan Taraju, Salawu, Cigalontang, Leuwisari, dan Cisayong kalawan curah hujan 4.000&nbsp;mm/taun.<ref name=":4" /> == Transportasi Jeung Komunikasi == [[Gambar:Mekarwangi, Cisayong, Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|Jalan kareta di Cisayong Tasikmalaya]] [[Kantor pos]] di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya aya 35 kantor.<ref name=":1" /> Lobana tutumpakan darat aya 300.014 kendaraan di taun 2021 anu kabagi jadi 281.055 roda dua jeung 18.959 roda opat. Panjang jalan anu alus di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya aya 686.253&nbsp;km, jalan kondisi sedeng aya 199.897&nbsp;km, jalan ruksak sedeng aya 151.445&nbsp;km, jeung jalan anu ruksak pisan aya 265.714&nbsp;km.<ref name=":1" /> Angkutan barang panglobana di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya nyaéta treuk barang umum 1.035 unit, [[mobil]] box 285 unit, mobil peti kemas 11 unit, jeung mobil tangki 7 unit.<ref name=":1" /> Panjang [[jalan]] anu jadi wewengkon kakuasaan pamaréntah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya di taun 2021 aya 656,64&nbsp;km, jalan propinsi aya 442,92&nbsp;km jeung jalan nagara aya 203,77&nbsp;km. Jalan di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya taun 2021 lolobana geus diaspal (1.225,851&nbsp;km). Sésana jalan karikil, taneuh jeung jalan anu séjénna.<ref name=":1" /> [[Gambar:Djembatan Tjirahong - Page46 - Boekoe Peringatan dari Staatsspoor-en Tramwegen di Hindia-Belanda 1875-1925.jpg|jmpl|Sasak Cirahong/Citanduy Hiji mangsa 1925]] [[Gambar:Jembatan Cirahong.jpg|jmpl|Sasak Cirahong mangsa 2018]] Kabupatén Tasikmalaya ogé diliwatan ku jalur kareta api. Sababaraha hiji stasiun nyaéta: * Stasiun Ciawi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heritage.kai.id/page/Stasiun%20Ciawi|title=Heritage - Kereta Api Indonesia|website=heritage.kai.id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221063015/https://heritage.kai.id/page/Stasiun%20Ciawi|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> * Stasiun Manonjaya<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heritage.kai.id/page/Stasiun%20Manonjaya|title=Heritage - Kereta Api Indonesia|website=heritage.kai.id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221063005/https://heritage.kai.id/page/Stasiun%20Manonjaya|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> * Stasiun Rajapolah Aya sasak karéta anu ngahubungkeun antara wilayah Tasikmalaya jeung Kabupaten Ciamis nyaéta Sasak Cirahong atawa disebut ogé sasak Citanduy hiji. Sasak Cirahong diwangun 19 Agustus 1983 ku pangusaha karéta nagara Hindia Walanda ''Staatssporwegen'' (SS). Tihang beusi ieu sasak dibawa langsung ti Eropa ngaliwatan Tanjung Priuk. Panjang sasak Cirahong nyaéta 202 méter aya dihandapeun pangawasan PT Karéta Api Indonésia Daérah Operasional II Bandung. Salian bisa diliwatan karéta, sasak Cirahong ogé bisa diliwatan ku motor, mobil jeung sapedah.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://heritage.kai.id/page/Jembatan%20Cirahong%20Penghubung%20Tasikmalaya%20dan%20Ciamis|title=Heritage - Kereta Api Indonesia|website=heritage.kai.id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221063011/https://heritage.kai.id/page/Jembatan%20Cirahong%20Penghubung%20Tasikmalaya%20dan%20Ciamis|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> == Katenagakerjaan == Luyu kana hasil survéi Angkatan ''Kerja'' Nasional di bulan Agustus 2020, tingkat partisipasi angkatan gawé di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya nyaéta 6,83 persén. Sedengkeun jumlah penduduk anu gawé nurutkeun kana tingkat atikan anu ditamatkeun di tahun [[2020]] aya 484.281 urang.<ref name=":1" /> ==Pendidikan== Luyu jeung hasil survéi sosial ekonomi nasional taun 2021, perséntasé barudak anu umur sakola (7-24 taun) lalaki anu masih sakola di tingkat SD aya 36,61 persén, sedengkeun awéwé aya 35,19 persén. Budak anu geus teu sakola lalaki aya 26,47 persén jeung awéwé aya 28,86 persén.<ref name=":1" /> Jumlah sakola anu aya di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya ti mulai SD nepika SMK taun 2021 nyaéta:<ref name=":1" /> # SD/sadarajat aya 1.087 sakola # SMP/sadarajat aya 258 sakola # SMA/sadarajat 68 sakola # SMK/sadarajat 139 sakola Di handap ieu daptar jumlah sakola ti mimiti Taman Kanak-Kanak nepika Sakola Menengah di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya numutkeun kana data Kementerian Pangatikan jeung Kabudayaan seméster 2022/2023: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Kacamatan !Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) !Kelompok Ulin (KB) !Taman Panitipan Budak (TPA) !Satuan Paud Sajenis (SPS) !Puseur Kagiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) !Sanggar Kagiatan Belajar (SKB) !Sakola Dasar (SD) !Sakola Menengah Kahiji (SMP) !Sakola Menengah Luhur (SMA) !Sakola Menengah Kajuruan (SMK) !Sakolah Luar Biasa (SLB) |- |Kec. Cigalontang |12 |41 |0 |9 |3 |0 |48 |15 |7 |5 |0 |- |Kacamatan Cipatujah |9 |49 |0 |0 |1 |0 |49 |11 |1 |4 |1 |- |Kacamatan Karangnunggal |16 |42 |0 |3 |4 |0 |54 |12 |2 |5 |0 |- |Kacamatan Cikalong |10 |28 |0 |25 |0 |0 |46 |11 |3 |3 |0 |- |Kacamatan Sodonghilir |8 |48 |0 |9 |0 |0 |45 |9 |2 |5 |0 |- |Kacamatan Singaparna |22 |27 |1 |10 |0 |0 |29 |10 |8 |7 |1 |- |Kacamatan Bojonggambir |11 |42 |0 |4 |2 |0 |37 |10 |2 |3 |0 |- |Kacamatan Manonjaya |16 |37 |0 |4 |2 |0 |28 |10 |2 |6 |1 |- |Kacamatan Pagerageung |8 |45 |0 |2 |1 |0 |33 |6 |1 |5 |1 |- |Kacamatan Ciawi |12 |28 |0 |16 |2 |0 |30 |5 |1 |4 |1 |- |Kacamatan Cikatomas |11 |31 |0 |5 |1 |0 |32 |8 |1 |4 |0 |- |Kacamatan Cisayong |5 |31 |1 |0 |1 |0 |39 |7 |1 |6 |1 |- |Kacamatan Jatiwaras |14 |26 |0 |2 |2 |0 |37 |7 |1 |3 |0 |- |Kacamatan Salawu |8 |32 |0 |2 |0 |0 |34 |9 |3 |4 |0 |- |Kacamatan Salopa |11 |23 |0 |3 |1 |0 |30 |11 |4 |3 |0 |- |Kacamatan Cibalong |9 |33 |0 |2 |2 |0 |27 |8 |1 |3 |1 |- |Kacamatan Sukaratu |6 |33 |0 |4 |0 |0 |19 |12 |3 |6 |0 |- |Kacamatan Tanjungjaya |5 |38 |0 |1 |4 |0 |21 |6 |1 |5 |0 |- |Kacamatan Sariwangi |14 |25 |0 |4 |1 |0 |16 |10 |3 |3 |1 |- |Kacamatan Pancatengah |9 |19 |0 |1 |0 |0 |32 |11 |1 |3 |0 |- |Kacamatan Mangunreja |12 |24 |0 |2 |3 |1 |20 |6 |1 |3 |1 |- |Kacamatan Bantarkalong |3 |31 |0 |1 |1 |0 |23 |7 |2 |4 |0 |- |Kacamatan Leuwisari |13 |15 |0 |8 |1 |0 |14 |9 |1 |6 |2 |- |Kacamatan Rajapolah |11 |20 |0 |1 |2 |0 |23 |6 |3 |2 |0 |- |Kacamatan Padakembang |16 |14 |0 |4 |1 |0 |18 |6 |2 |6 |1 |- |Kacamatan Sukaraja |11 |16 |0 |4 |1 |0 |28 |3 |1 |2 |0 |- |Kacamatan Parungponteng |3 |26 |0 |1 |1 |0 |25 |4 |2 |3 |0 |- |Kacamatan Taraju |4 |19 |0 |6 |1 |0 |27 |5 |2 |0 |0 |- |Kacamatan Gunungtanjung |3 |27 |0 |4 |1 |0 |18 |5 |1 |2 |1 |- |Kacamatan Cineam |9 |21 |0 |0 |1 |0 |19 |7 |2 |2 |1 |- |Kacamatan Culamega |8 |24 |0 |1 |1 |0 |18 |6 |0 |1 |0 |- |Kacamatan Puspahiang |5 |18 |0 |3 |3 |0 |23 |5 |1 |1 |0 |- |Kacamatan Sukarame |9 |11 |0 |6 |0 |0 |20 |6 |2 |4 |1 |- |Kacamatan Kadipaten |4 |22 |0 |0 |1 |0 |20 |8 |0 |3 |0 |- |Kacamatan Jamanis |5 |12 |0 |9 |1 |0 |17 |5 |1 |2 |1 |- |Kacamatan Sukaresik |4 |21 |0 |2 |1 |0 |21 |2 |0 |2 |0 |- |Kacamatan Bojongasih |3 |20 |0 |2 |2 |0 |15 |5 |2 |2 |0 |- |Kacamatan Sukahening |8 |8 |0 |2 |1 |0 |15 |7 |2 |2 |0 |- |Kacamatan Karangjaya |5 |7 |0 |1 |1 |0 |9 |3 |0 |1 |0 |- !Total !352 !1.034 !2 !163 !51 !1 !1.059 !293 !73 !135 !16 |} === Sakola Dasar (SD) === Di handap ieu daptar Sakola Dasar (SD) di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya: === Sakola Luar Biasa (SLB) === Di handap ieu daptar Sakola Luar Biasa di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://datapendidikan.com:443/pendidikan-khusus/kab/tasikmalaya/|title=Daftar Lengkap Pendidikan Khusus (SLB) di Kab. Tasikmalaya Beserta Alamatnya|last=PENDIDIKAN|first=DATA|website=DATA PENDIDIKAN|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223013655/https://www.datapendidikan.com/pendidikan-khusus/kab/tasikmalaya/ |date=2023-02-23 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !NPSN !Ngaran SLB !Alamat !Kalurahan !Kacamatan !Status |- |20268130 |SLB ABC PGRI MANONJAYA |Jl. Tangsi No 14 |Manonjaya |Manonjaya |SWASTA |- |20268131 |SLB AISYIYAH SINGAPARNA |Komplek Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Cikedokan |Singaparna |Singaparna |SWASTA |- |20268132 |SLB ABC PGRI CIAWI |Jl. KH. Moh. Bagowi No.5 |Sukamantri |Sukamantri |SWASTA |- |20268133 |SLB NEGERI CINEAM |Jl Cikondang No. 113 |Cineam |Cineam |NEGERI |- |20268134 |SLB AISYIYAH LEUWISARI |Jl Mangunharja No 23 |LINGGAWANGI |LINGGAWANGI |SWASTA |- |20268136 |SLB AL ISHLAH |Kp Nanggorak |Jayamukti |Jayamukti |SWASTA |- |20268137 |SLB ABC YKS MANGUNREJA |Mangunreja |Mangunreja |Mangunreja |SWASTA |- |20268138 |SLB ABC BAITURROHMAN |Jl. Gunung Batara |Rancapaku |Rancapaku |SWASTA |- |20268139 |SLB NEGERI TASIKMALAYA |Jl Pesantren No. 135 |Tanjungmekar |Tanjungmekar |NEGERI |- |20268140 |SLB WINAYA BHAKTI |Jl Raya Cibalong No 200 |Cibalong |Cibalong |SWASTA |- |20269970 |SLB Al Ichlas Jayaratu |Jl. Sariwangi Kp. Pacet Rt/03 Rw/01 |Sariwangi |Sariwangi |SWASTA |- |69880249 |SLB YAYASAN MITRA ISWARA |Kp. RANCABOLANG |Wargakerta |Wargakerta |SWASTA |- |69899563 |SLB PLUS ABCD BINA WARGA |Jl. Cikoranji RT 05/03 |Tanjungkerta |Tanjungkerta |SWASTA |- |69969191 |SLB NEGERI CIPATUJAH |Jln Pamayangsari Kp. Sukajaya |Cipatujah |Cipatujah |NEGERI |- |69985006 |SLB DARUSSALAM |Kp. Cirukuy RT01/01 Cisayong Tasikmalaya |Sukajadi |Sukajadi |SWASTA |- |70001209 |SLB Izzul Haq Gunung Tanjung |Jl. Raya Gunung Tanjung Kp. Cilandak RT 02 RW 02 |Cinunjang |Cinunjang |SWASTA |} === Sakola Menengah Pertama (SMP) === Di handap ieu daptar Sakola Menengah Pertama (SMP) jeung ''Madrasah Tsanawiyah'' (MTs) di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://temansekolah.com/kabupaten%20tasikmalaya%20smp.html|title=SMP di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya|website=temansekolah.com|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223022338/https://temansekolah.com/kabupaten%20tasikmalaya%20smp.html|archivedate=2023-02-23}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Nomer !Ngaran SMP/MTs |- |1 |SMP ABSCHOOL |JL. PAHLAWAN KHZ MUSTHAFA KOKOL |- |2 |SMP AL AMIN |KP.CIBUNIGEULIS |- |3 |SMP AL ISHLAH |JALAN BABAKN CIGOROWEK DS. CINTARAJA KECAMATAN SINGAPARNA KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA |- |4 |SMP AL MADINAH |KP. WARUNG CIKOPI RT 05 RW 05 |- |5 |SMP AL-AHYAR |KP. CIBURUY, |- |6 |SMP AL-BANA |KP. CIKADU |- |7 |SMP AL-HUDA CIGALONTANG |KP. KERETEUW |- |8 |SMP AL-MADANIYAH |CIBULEUD |- |9 |SMP AL-MUKROM |JL. RAYA CIAWI BOJONGGAMBIR |- |10 |SMP AL-QOLAM |KP. NAGRAK RT 001 RW008 |- |11 |SMP AS SHOFA |SINDANGKARAMAT |- |12 |SMP AS-SHIDDIQIYAH |KP. CITIWU |- |13 |SMP ASYSYAAKIRIIN |CINEAM |- |14 |SMP BINA INSANI |KP. CIOMAS RT 02 RW 06 |- |15 |SMP BUDI PEKERTI |KP. JAKSI RT 05 RW 05 |- |16 |SMP GUNUNG HIDEUNG |JLN. KH. MOCH. IDRIS DESA SUKARAME |- |17 |SMP ISLAM AL-FADLILLAH |KP. MENOL RT.005 RW.002 |- |18 |SMP ISLAM AL-IKHLAS |JL. CIPANAS KOMPLEK MASJID BESAR CIBALONG |- |19 |SMP ISLAM AL-RAHMAH |JALAN BABAKANSARI |- |20 |SMP ISLAM BAHRUL ULUM |JL. GUNUNG BALONG |- |21 |SMP ISLAM BINA INSAN MANDIRI BANTARKALONG |KP. CIJERUK DESA HEGARWANGI |- |22 |SMP ISLAM CIAWANG |DS.CIAWANG |- |23 |SMP ISLAM CIKATOMAS |JL RAYA CIKATOMAS NO. 216 |- |24 |SMP ISLAM CIPAKU |JLN. CIPAKU NO. 22 |- |25 |SMP ISLAM CIPASUNG |JLN.KH.RUHIAT NO 72 CIPASUNG |- |26 |SMP ISLAM CIPICUNG |JALAN CIPICUNG |- |27 |SMP ISLAM DARUL HUDA |KP. ROKE |- |28 |SMP ISLAM GALUNGGUNG |KP. KOKONCONG RT 02 RW 01 |- |29 |SMP ISLAM JATIWARAS |KP. SINDANGAMIS DESA JATIWARAS |- |30 |SMP ISLAM JAYARATU |JL. SARIWANGI KP. NAGROG |- |31 |SMP ISLAM KAWUNGSARI |KP. SONGKO |- |32 |SMP ISLAM KHUSNUL KHOTIMAH |KP. PETIR |- |33 |SMP ISLAM MANBAUL ULUM |KP. JAMANIS |- |34 |SMP ISLAM MANBAUL ULUM |MALAGANTI |- |35 |SMP ISLAM MIFTAHUL HUDA |KP. NAGRAK |- |36 |SMP ISLAM MISBAHUL FALAH |JL.BUNIASIH KM 03 |- |37 |SMP ISLAM NURUL ANWAR |KP. CIKEUPEUL |- |38 |SMP ISLAM NURUL FITROH |KP.CIDUGALEUN |- |39 |SMP ISLAM NURUL HUDA CINEAM |JL. KARANGLAYUNG NO. 05 SUKAMAHI |- |40 |SMP ISLAM NURUL HUDA LEGOKRANDU |KP. LEGOKRANDU |- |41 |SMP ISLAM NURUL UMMAH AL-FALAH |KP. BABAKAN |- |42 |SMP ISLAM NURUL YAQIN |JL. CIAKAR |- |43 |SMP ISLAM PANIIS |JL PANIIS |- |44 |SMP ISLAM PLUS MANONJAYA |JL PASIR PANJANG NO. 51 |- |45 |SMP ISLAM PLUS MIFTAHUL HUDA |JL. SAYURAN RT 03 RW 04 |- |46 |SMP ISLAM RAJAPOLAH |JLN. PANEMBONG |- |47 |SMP ISLAM SERBA BAKTI |PONDOK PESANTREN SURYALAYA |- |48 |SMP ISLAM TERPADU AL MALIK |KP. SINAGAR |- |49 |SMP ISLAM TERPADU AL MUKHTAR |KP PADAKARIA |- |50 |SMP ISLAM TERPADU AL-FAARUUQ |KP. CIAKAR |- |51 |SMP ISLAM TERPADU DAARUL FALAAH |KP. SUKASIRNA |- |52 |SMP ISLAM TERPADU DAARUSSALAAM |KP. CIAWITALI |- |53 |SMP ISLAM TERPADU MANARUL HIKAM |JL. PAHLAWAN KHZ. MUSTHAFA KP. CISEDA |- |54 |SMP ISLAM TERPADU MINDA |JL. CIGADOG-NANGGORAK PENGKOLAN |- |55 |SMP ISLAM TERPADU QOSHRUL MUHAJIRIN |KP. BADAKPAEH RT 024 RW 005 |- |56 |SMP ISLAM TERPADU WAHANA BHAKTI |KP.WANGUNJAYA |- |57 |SMP ISLAM TRIJAYA |JL KARANGNUNGGAL |- |58 |SMP ISLAM WIRADISASTRA |JL. SUKATANI NO. 9 RT 03 RW 01 KEC. LEUWISARI |- |59 |SMP ISLAM YPP CILENGA |KP.CILENGA |- |60 |SMP ISLAM ZEN AHMAD |KP. LAMELAUT |- |61 |SMP ISLAMIYAH CIAWI |JL PESANTREN SRAHTARJUNINGRAHYU KIARAKUDA |- |62 |SMP IT AL-FAQIH |DUSUN CISITU KIDUL 07/05 |- |63 |SMP IT ASSALAM NURUL JAZA |KP. SIMPANGSARI |- |64 |SMP IT DAARUSSAADAH |KP. CURUGHAWU |- |65 |SMP IT MADINATUL ALBAAB |KP. KIARALAWANG |- |66 |SMP IT NANGGERANG |KP. CIMOMON |- |67 |SMP IT NURUL JANNAH |KP. CILANGEN |- |68 |SMP IT PAWITRA |KP. CIKASUNGKA RT 03 RW 02 |- |69 |SMP IT RIYADUL HIKMAH |KP. JAMUPU |- |70 |SMP IT UMMUL QURO |JL. RAYA SALOPA-GUNUNGTANJUNG SUKASARI |- |71 |SMP KHZ MUSTHAFA |JL PESANTREN KHZ. MUSTHAFA SUKAMANAH |- |72 |SMP MAARIF NU SARIWANGI |KP. MAGEUNG |- |73 |SMP MANUK HEULANG |KP. JOJOK DS. MANGUNREJA |- |74 |SMP MIFTAHUL ULUM IDRISY |KP. CIUYAH |- |75 |SMP MUALLIMIN CIKEMBANG |CIMACAN |- |76 |SMP N 1 PADAKEMBANG |JL. BANTARPAYUNG |- |77 |SMP N 1 PAGERAGEUNG |PAGERAGEUNG |- |78 |SMP N 1 RAJAPOLAH |JL KEBON KALAPA NO 48 |- |79 |SMP N 1 SUKARAME |JL. LAPANG BOLA NO. 117 |- |80 |SMP N 2 CIAWI |JL KERTAMUKTI |- |81 |SMP N 2 CIGALONTANG |JLN.SIRNARAJA |- |82 |SMP N 2 GUNUNGTANJUNG |KP NEGLASARI |- |83 |SMP N 2 MANONJAYA |JL. GUNUNGTANJUNG MANONJAYA |- |84 |SMP N 2 PAGERAGEUNG |JL. SUKAMAJU NO. 27 |- |85 |SMP N 2 SALAWU |JL TANJUNGSARI KP. LANGKOB |- |86 |SMP N 2 SARIWANGI |JL MALAGANTI |- |87 |SMP N 2 SUKARATU |JALAN SUKAMANAH |- |88 |SMP N 2 TARAJU |JL RAYA DEUDEUL |- |89 |SMP N 3 SUKARATU |JL. CICURUG |- |90 |SMP NEGERI 1 MANONJAYA |JL TANGSI NO.3 |- |91 |SMP NEGERI 1 SALAWU |JL SALAWU |- |92 |SMP NEGERI 1 SINGAPARNA |JL. PANCAWARNA NO. 29 |- |93 |SMP NEGERI 1 SUKARATU |KP. SINDANGGALIH |- |94 |SMP NEGERI 2 MANGUNREJA |JL BARU |- |95 |SMP NEGERI 2 SALOPA |JALAN GUNUNGTASIK |- |96 |SMP NEGERI 3 CIGALONTANG |KP PASIRLINA |- |97 |SMP NURSALAM |JLN. RAYA CIGALONTANG KM 03 |- |98 |SMP NURUL AMANAH |JL.TASIK-GARUT KM.31 RANCAK |- |99 |SMP NURUL HIKMAH |KP.BALENGBENG |- |100 |SMP NURUL HUDA |KP. CIDELEG |- |101 |SMP NURUL HUDA BOJONGGAMBIR |KP. SINDANGSARI |- |102 |SMP NURUL QOMAR |KP SIRNARASA |- |103 |SMP PESANTREN CINTAWANA |KOMPLEK PESANTREN CINTAWANA |- |104 |SMP PGRI 15 SALAWU |JL RAYA TASIK - GARUT KM 45 |- |105 |SMP PGRI CIKALONG |JL. RAYA CIKALONG NO. 157 |- |106 |SMP PLUS AL AFSAR |JLN.ADIWIASAN NO.08 B |- |107 |SMP PLUS AL-HIKMAH |KP. KENDENG RT.03 RW.05 |- |108 |SMP PLUS AL-MIQDAR |KP. CIHURIP |- |109 |SMP PLUS AL-MUBAROK |DS. KARYAMANDALA |- |110 |SMP PLUS AN-NUUR |JL. PAHLAWAN KHZ. MUSTHAFA KP. NAGASARI |- |111 |SMP PLUS ASSYIFA |KP. SITUPARI |- |112 |SMP PLUS MIFTAHUL ULUM |CICADAS - GUNUNG TANJUNG |- |113 |SMP PLUS MUHAMMADIYAH SINGAPARNA |JL.MUHAMMADIYAH KP. CIKEDOKAN |- |114 |SMP PLUS QURROTA AYUN |JL MANGUNHARJA |- |115 |SMP QURANIC SCIENCE BOARDING SCHOOL |DUSUN JAGABAYA |- |116 |SMP RIYADLUT TAUHID |JL. PESANTREN SUKASARI |- |117 |SMP TANFIDZUL HANAFIYAH |KP. RAWA |- |118 |SMP TERPADU AL-ISTIQOMAH |JL. LAPANG SAKTI LODAYA DS. CISAYONG |- |119 |SMP TERPADU AL-MUNIR |KP. CINUNJANG |- |120 |SMP TERPADU AT-TADZKIR |KP. SINDANGASIH |- |121 |SMP TERPADU BABUSSALAM |CALINGCING KIDUL |- |122 |SMP TERPADU CAHAYA ANAK BANGSA |KP. WANGUNPASANTREN SINGKUP DS. BARUMEKAR |- |123 |SMP TERPADU DADALI DINILLAH |KP. GUNUNG AGRA |- |124 |SMP TERPADU DARUL QOLAM |KP. PAJAGAN DESA CIDUGELAN |- |125 |SMP TERPADU DARUSSALAM |RAJAPOLAH |- |126 |SMP TERPADU DARUZZAHRA |KP. CIPARANTEN |- |127 |SMP TERPADU MANAHIJUL HUDA |KP. TEJAMAYA |- |128 |SMP TERPADU NADHIRUL ULUM |KP. CIKONDANG |- |129 |SMP TERPADU NUSAKARYA |KP. SABELEN |- |130 |SMP TERPADU YAPINDA |KP. BATUMASIGIT |- |131 |SMP WIDYA MUKTI |KAMPUNG CIPETIR |- |132 |SMP Y 17 CIBALONG |JL.RAYA KARANGNUNGGAL NO. 205 |- |133 |SMP YAPIDA CISAYONG |JL YAPIDA NO 1 |- |134 |SMP YAYASAN 17 SUKAKARSA |JL. SUKAKARSA KP. BONGAS |- |135 |SMP YPI IJTIMAUL AHADIYAH |JL SEMBAHMADU NO.1 |- |136 |SMPN 1 BANTARKALONG |JL. PEMUDA 2 |- |137 |SMPN 1 BOJONGASIH |JL. SUKASIRNA NO. 64 |- |138 |SMPN 1 BOJONGGAMBIR |JL. RAYA BOJONGGAMBIR NO. 56 |- |139 |SMPN 1 CIAWI |JL. RAYA MALANGBONG NO. 10 |- |140 |SMPN 1 CIBALONG |JL RAYA KARANGNUNGGAL NO. 49 |- |141 |SMPN 1 CIGALONTANG |JL. PASIRMALANG |- |142 |SMPN 1 CIKALONG |JL. RAYA CIKALONG NO. 70 |- |143 |SMPN 1 CIKATOMAS |JALAN RAYA CIKATOMAS NO. 125 |- |144 |SMPN 1 CINEAM |JL. ASRAMA NO. 14 |- |145 |SMPN 1 CIPATUJAH |JL. PAMAYANGSARI NO. 380 |- |146 |SMPN 1 CISAYONG |JL. RAYA CISAYONG NO. 104 |- |147 |SMPN 1 CULAMEGA |JL. CINTABODAS |- |148 |SMPN 1 GUNUNGTANJUNG |JL. CISERANG |- |149 |SMPN 1 JAMANIS |JL. CONDONG NO. 02 |- |150 |SMPN 1 JATIWARAS |JL. PAPAYAN - SUKARAJA |- |151 |SMPN 1 KARANGJAYA |JL. SIRNAJAYA |- |152 |SMPN 1 KARANGNUNGGAL |JL. RAYA KARANGNUNGGAL NO. 262 |- |153 |SMPN 1 LEUWISARI |JL. SELAREUMA |- |154 |SMPN 1 MANGUNREJA |JL. KALAPASEWU NO. 217 |- |155 |SMPN 1 PANCATENGAH |JL. RAYA PANCATENGAH NO .07 |- |156 |SMPN 1 PARUNGPONTENG |JL. PARUNGPONTENG |- |157 |SMPN 1 PUSPAHIANG |JL. RAYA PUSPAHIANG NO. 05 |- |158 |SMPN 1 SALOPA |JL. RAYA SALOPA NO. 160 |- |159 |SMPN 1 SARIWANGI |JL. SARIWANGI NO. 54 |- |160 |SMPN 1 SODONGHILIR |JL. RAYA BARAT SODONGHILIR |- |161 |SMPN 1 SUKAHENING |JL. RAYA SUKAHENING |- |162 |SMPN 1 SUKARAJA |JL. RAYA SUKARAJA NO.11 |- |163 |SMPN 1 TANJUNGJAYA |TANJUNGJAYA |- |164 |SMPN 1 TARAJU |JL, ANDIL NO,19 |- |165 |SMPN 2 BANTARKALONG |JL. WANGUNSARI |- |166 |SMPN 2 BOJONGGAMBIR |JL. CAMPAKA NO. 20 |- |167 |SMPN 2 CIBALONG |JL. PERKEBUNAN WANGUNWATI |- |168 |SMPN 2 CIKALONG |JL. RAYA KALAPAGENEP |- |169 |SMPN 2 CIKATOMAS |JL. RAYA CIKATOMAS |- |170 |SMPN 2 CINEAM |JL. RAYA BANJAR |- |171 |SMPN 2 CIPATUJAH |JL. LEBAKSAAT SINDANGKERTA |- |172 |SMPN 2 CISAYONG |JL. CIGOROWONG |- |173 |SMPN 2 JATIWARAS |JL. DESA MANDALAMEKAR |- |174 |SMPN 2 KARANGNUNGGAL |JL. TALAGASARI |- |175 |SMPN 2 PANCATENGAH |JL. CIBUNIASIH |- |176 |SMPN 2 PUSPAHIANG |JL. MANDALASARI |- |177 |SMPN 2 RAJAPOLAH |KP. JETUNG RT/RW.02/02 |- |178 |SMPN 2 SINGAPARNA |JALAN RAYA PEMDA |- |179 |SMPN 2 SODONGHILIR |JL. RAYA MUNCANG |- |180 |SMPN 2 SUKAHENING |JL. BANYURASA |- |181 |SMPN 2 SUKARAJA |JL. CIKEUSAL |- |182 |SMPN 3 CIAWI |JL. MENANGDATAR |- |183 |SMPN 3 CIBALONG |JL. RAYA KARANGNUNGGAL |- |184 |SMPN 3 CIKALONG |JL. CIKANCRA |- |185 |SMPN 3 CIKATOMAS |JL. CIKALONG |- |186 |SMPN 3 CIPATUJAH |JL. RAYA CIHERAS CIPATUJAH |- |187 |SMPN 3 CISAYONG |JL LANGKOB |- |188 |SMPN 3 JATIWARAS |JL. MANDALAMEKAR |- |189 |SMPN 3 KARANGNUNGGAL |JL. RAYA CIDADAP |- |190 |SMPN 3 MANONJAYA |JL. PANGANGONAN |- |191 |SMPN 3 PANCATENGAH |JL. RAYA TAWANG PANCATENGAH KAB. TASIKMALAYA |- |192 |SMPN 3 SALAWU |KP. CIOMAS |- |193 |SMPN 3 SODONGHILIR |KP. CIWALURAN DESA PARUMASAN |- |194 |SMPN 3 SUKAHENING |JL. KUDADEPA |- |195 |SMPN 3 SUKARAJA |JL. LIUNGGUNUNG |- |196 |SMPN 4 CIKALONG |JL. KUBANGSARI |- |197 |SMPN 4 CIPATUJAH |JL. CIKUYA |- |198 |SMPN 4 KARANGNUNGGAL |JL. DESA CIKAPINIS |- |199 |SMPN 4 MANONJAYA |JL. GUNUNGGEDE PASIRIPIS |- |200 |SMPN 4 PANCATENGAH |JL. CAYUR KM. 12 |- |201 |SMPN 4 SODONGHILIR |JL. RADEN IHROM DANAATMAJA |- |202 |SMPN 5 CIKALONG |JL. RAYA CIKALONG |- |203 |SMPN 5 CIPATUJAH |JL. RAYA CIPATUJAH |- |204 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 BANTARKALONG |KP. BURUJUL |- |205 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 BOJONGASIH |KP. CIPEDES |- |206 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 BOJONGGAMBIR |KP. CIMENGA |- |207 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 CIGALONTANG |KP NANGTANG |- |208 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 CIKALONG |KP. CILELE |- |209 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 CIKATOMAS |JL. PANYOSOGAN |- |210 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 CINEAM |JL. SINGKUP - CISARUA |- |211 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 CIPATUJAH |KP. SUKAHURIP |- |212 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 CULAMEGA |KP. LEBAKSIUH |- |213 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 GUNUNGTANJUNG |KP. CIDAMAR RT 01 RW 01 |- |214 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 JATIWARAS |JL. CIPUTAT |- |215 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 KARANGJAYA |JL. SUKAMAJU |- |216 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 KARANGNUNGGAL |KP. SITUGEDE RT 03 RW 07 |- |217 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 MANGUNREJA |KP. BALANDONGAN |- |218 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 PAGERAGEUNG |KP. TEWEL |- |219 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 PANCATENGAH |KP. JAYAMUKTI |- |220 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 PUSPAHIANG |JL. MANDALASARI KP. KALAPANUNGGAL |- |221 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 SALAWU |KP. CICANTEL |- |222 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 SALOPA |KP. JAYAWANGI |- |223 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 SODONGHILIR |JL. GEMBOR |- |224 |SMPN SATU ATAP 1 TARAJU |KP. CAMPAKA |- |225 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 BANTARKALONG |JL. BONGAS KP. PANDAWA |- |226 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 BOJONGASIH |KP. CILUMPANG |- |227 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 BOJONGGAMBIR |JL. LEGOKHAUR |- |228 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 CIGALONTANG |JL. H. SUFYAN SUKENDAR |- |229 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 CIKATOMAS |KP. PALAWIJA |- |230 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 CIPATUJAH |JL. TANJUNGSARI |- |231 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 CULAMEGA |KP. BIHBUL |- |232 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 KARANGJAYA |JL. CITAMBAL |- |233 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 KARANGNUNGGAL |JL. RAYA CIDADAP |- |234 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 PANCATENGAH |KP. BIHBUL |- |235 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 SALOPA |KP. DINGDINGARI |- |236 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 SODONGHILIR |KP. NOTOG |- |237 |SMPN SATU ATAP 2 TARAJU |JL. INDULARANG 2 |- |238 |SMPN SATU ATAP 3 BOJONGGAMBIR |KP. CIKAWUNG BB |- |239 |SMPN SATU ATAP 3 CIGALONTANG |KP. TATARU |- |240 |SMPN SATU ATAP 3 CIPATUJAH |JL. NEGLASARI KP. BUNIAYU |- |241 |SMPN SATU ATAP 3 CULAMEGA |KP. DARACANA |- |242 |SMPN SATU ATAP 3 SODONGHILIR |KP. CITATAH |- |243 |SMPN SATU ATAP 4 CIPATUJAH |KP PANYINGKIRAN RT 03 RW 01 |- |244 |SMPN SATU ATAP 4 CULAMEGA |KP. CIBATEAR |- |245 |SMPN SATU ATAP 5 CIPATUJAH |KP. LEUWIPICUNG |- |246 |SMPN SATU ATAP 5 CULAMEGA |JL. BOJONGGAMBIR KP. CIBEUNTEUR |- |247 |SMPS ISLAM DARUL HIKMAH |KP. MEKARRAHAYU |- |248 |SMPS ISLAM MAARIF NU LEUWISARI |KP. KALIEUNG |- |249 |SMPS ISLAM SYIFAUSSALAAM |KP. GUNUNGGADUNG |- |250 |SMPS ISLAM TERPADU AL QOSIMIYYAH |KP. ELOS RT. 03 RW. 05 |- |251 |SMPS ISLAM TERPADU YASHUDA |KP. SUKAHURIP |- |252 |SMPS TERPADU BADRUNA |JLN. CIBUNTUT NO.3 NAGRAK SINDANGSARI |- |253 |MTSN BANTAR KALONG |JL. RAYA PAMIJAHAN |- |254 |MTSN CIKATOMAS |JL. RAYA CIKATOMAS NO. 218 |- |255 |MTSN CIPATUJAH |JL. RAYA CIPATUJAH RT/RW 13/02 |- |256 |MTSN KARANGNUNGGAL |JL. PALAHLAR KARANGMEKAR |- |257 |MTSN KARANGNUNGGAL 2 |CIDADAP |- |258 |MTSN LEUWISARI |KP. CILENGA RT 02 RW 03 |- |259 |MTSN MANDALAWANGI |JL. RAYA SALOPA KP. TALEGONG ASLI |- |260 |MTSN PAMOYANAN |JL. PAGERAGEUNG NO. 29 RT 03 RW 01 |- |261 |MTSN SALAWU |KP.NANGGERANG |- |262 |MTSN SETIAWANGI |CILANGKAP SETIAWANGI |- |263 |MTSN SINGAPARNA |KOMP. PST. CINTAWANA |- |264 |MTSN SUKAMANAH |JL. PAHLAWAN KHZ. MUSTHAFA SUKAHIDENG |- |265 |MTSN TANJUNGJAYA |JL. PASIRJAYA |- |266 |MTSS AL AMANAH |KP. PUNCAKMANIS RT/001 RW/001 |- |267 |MTSS AL ASAS |KP. SINDANGRASA |- |268 |MTSS AL AZIZ SUKARATU |KP. SUKARATU RT. 15 RW. 08 |- |269 |MTSS AL FADLLIYAH |TUBAN |- |270 |MTSS AL FALAH SIMPANG |JL. HZ. MUKAROM SIMPANG KEC. BANTARKALONG 46187 KAB. TASIKMALAYA |- |271 |MTSS AL FURQON |JL. RAYA BARAT NO 21 A |- |272 |MTSS AL HAMIDIYAH CIPANCUR |CIPANCUR RT. 004 / RW.003 |- |273 |MTSS AL HASANAH 3 |KP.CIPARI |- |274 |MTSS AL HIDAYAH |KP. SUKAHURIP RT/RW 11/03 |- |275 |MTSS AL HIDAYAH |KP. GOROWONG RT/RW. 017/008 |- |276 |MTSS AL HIDAYAH BOJONGNANGKA |BOJONGNANGKA 019/008 |- |277 |MTSS AL HIDAYAH CUKANGKAWUNG |JL. ANGGACANDRA NO.17 |- |278 |MTSS AL HIDAYAH JAMANIS |LANGKOB GIRANG, RT/RW 002/001 |- |279 |MTSS AL HIDAYAH SALEBU |KP. BOJONG |- |280 |MTSS AL HIDAYAH SATRON |KP. SATRON RT.28 RW.05 |- |281 |MTSS AL HIDAYAH SINDANGLENGO |JL.CICANIR KP. SINDANGLENGO RT.001 RT.001 |- |282 |MTSS AL HIKMAH CIPASARA |KP. CIPASARA |- |283 |MTSS AL HUDA |KAMPUNG PAMEGATAN RT.14/RW.003 |- |284 |MTSS AL IHSAN |KP. PANYIRAMAN |- |285 |MTSS AL IHSAN DANGDEUR |KP. DANGDEUR RT 03 RW 04 DESA CIBANTENG |- |286 |MTSS AL IKHLAS PADAKEMBANG |KP. PADAKEMBANG RT/RW 05/02 |- |287 |MTSS AL IKHLAS PANGANTEN |KP. PANGANTEN RT 02 RW 03 |- |288 |MTSS AL IKHLASH CISOMOPOK |KP. CISOMPOK RT 02 RW 01 |- |289 |MTSS AL ISHLAH KARANG MULYA |JL. KERETEG RT 003 RW 006 |- |290 |MTSS AL ISLAH PANUGARAN |KP. PANUGARAN RT. 01 RW. 01 |- |291 |MTSS AL ISLAM |JL. PGA NO. 2C RT/RW 09/01 PATROL KULON |- |292 |MTSS AL ISTIQOMAH |JL. RAYA CIPATUJAH KP. JEPARA RT. 002 RW. 001 |- |293 |MTSS AL MASHBAH CIKELENG |JLN. RAYA LEUWISARI NO. 05 |- |294 |MTSS AL MUAWANAH |JL. INPRES GUNUNGPAYUNG KP. CIHERAS |- |295 |MTSS AL MUAWWANAH |JL. CAGAK CILANGKAP |- |296 |MTSS AL MUBAROKAH |KP. POJOK |- |297 |MTSS AL MUNIROH |KP SUKAHURIP |- |298 |MTSS AL MUQOWAMAH |JL. PAHLAWAN KH.Z. MUSTHAFA116 D/H PERIKANAN DARAT KONGSI |- |299 |MTSS AL MURSALIN |JLN.GARUT-TASIK KP. CITENGEK |- |300 |MTSS AL RIDWAN TAWANG |JL RAYA TAWANG KM 11 KP CIRANCA RT 01 RW 01 |- |301 |MTSS AL-ABROR |KP.BOJONG RT/RW 17/05 |- |302 |MTSS AL-ADZKAR |KP. CINIPAH DS. SIRNAPUTRA KEC. CIGALONTANG KAB. TASIKMALAYA |- |303 |MTSS AL-AMANAH |KP.CICANDRA RT 003 RW 006 |- |304 |MTSS AL-AZHAR |KP. GUNUNG KICAU RT.04 RW.01 |- |305 |MTSS AL-BAROKAH |CIPATUJAH |- |306 |MTSS AL-BAROKAH |JL. RAYA KARANGNUNGGAL KM 33, KP. CIRAPIH |- |307 |MTSS AL-FALAH |DUSUN KARANGSIRNA RT03/RW01 DESA KARANGLAYUNG |- |308 |MTSS AL-FATAH |SEMBAHDAYUN RT.05 RW.04 |- |309 |MTSS AL-FURQON |KP. CIBIRU |- |310 |MTSS AL-HASANAH.1 |JL. RAYA PANCATENGAH NO. 34 |- |311 |MTSS AL-HUDAEDAH |KP. PANGKALAN RT 03 RW 07 |- |312 |MTSS AL-IKHLAS |JL. RAYA KARANGNUNGGAL |- |313 |MTSS AL-IKHLAS |JL. CIKONDANG NO. 349 |- |314 |MTSS AL-IRFAN |JL. SAMPALANPAKEL |- |315 |MTSS AL-ISHLAH |KP.POJOK RT/W 02/05 |- |316 |MTSS AL-ISHLAH |JALAN RAYA CIAWI NO 54 |- |317 |MTSS AL-ISHLAH 2 |KP. CIWATIN 1 RT/RW 014/009 |- |318 |MTSS AL-KHOERIYAH |KP. BARANGBANG RT 01 RW 04 |- |319 |MTSS AL-MUBAROKAH |KP.CIBANGSA |- |320 |MTSS AL-MUBAROKAH CIBAROS CINEAM |JL. CIKONDANG DUSUN SUKAGALIH RT/RW 30/09 |- |321 |MTSS AL-MUKARRIM |KP. KIARAKONENG RT 07 RW 03 NEGLASARI |- |322 |MTSS AL-WATHONIYAH |CISARONGGE 04/01 DESA CIKADONGDONG |- |323 |MTSS ANNUR |SALOPA |- |324 |MTSS ANNUR LEUWI DULANG |KP CITAPEN RT.001/RW.001 |- |325 |MTSS ANSORIYAH |CIREUNDEU RT 002 RW 005 |- |326 |MTSS ARROHMAH |KP.DESAKOLOT RT.005 RW.001 |- |327 |MTSS ASY SYUHADA |KP. NAGROG RT 01 RW 01 |- |328 |MTSS AT TABIIN |CIGADOG KAMPUNG GUNUNG MEDANG |- |329 |MTSS AT THOYYIBIYAH |JL.CIBALANARIK KP.GALUMPIT RT.005/02 |- |330 |MTSS AZKIYA BOROSOLE |KAMPUNG BOROSOLE RT. 01/04 |- |331 |MTSS BAITUL HIKMAH |KP. HAURKUNING RT.01 RW.01 |- |332 |MTSS BUDI SARTIKA |KP.GARUNGGANG RT/RW 006/001 |- |333 |MTSS BUSTANUL WILDAN |JL. MANGUNREJA-SUKARAJA KP.LIO |- |334 |MTSS CIBANTARSARI |KP. KOSTASARI |- |335 |MTSS CIDADALI |KP.CIMAJAYA DS.CIDADALI KEC.CIKALONG |- |336 |MTSS CIJAMBE |KP. CIJAMBE RT.07 RW.27 |- |337 |MTSS CIJANGKAR |JL. CIJANGKAR PASIRHUNI |- |338 |MTSS CIKASUNGKA |KP.NANGGERANG RT.06 RW.01 |- |339 |MTSS CIKUYA |JL.KP.CIKUYA RT 004 RW 001 |- |340 |MTSS CINTAMULYA |CINTAMULYA LINGGAJATI |- |341 |MTSS CIPAINGEUN |KP. TARUM RT.001 RW.007 |- |342 |MTSS CIPASUNG |JL. KH RUHIAT KP. CIPASUNG |- |343 |MTSS DAAR EL FIKRI |JL. RAYA CIGALONTANG DS. LENGKONGJAYA KEC. CIGALONTANG |- |344 |MTSS DAARUSSALAAM |KAMPUNG RANCAKADU RT 07/01 |- |345 |MTSS DARUL FALAH CIBUNGUR |KP. RANCABAKIR RT. OO1 RW.002 |- |346 |MTSS DARUL FALAH CUKANGBUNGUR |KP. CUKANG BUNGUR,RT,003/RW,002 |- |347 |MTSS DARUL HADIST |KP. CIPICUNG RT/RW 006/002 DS. TANJUNGSARI KEC. SALOPA KAB. TASIKMALAYA |- |348 |MTSS DARUL HUDA |KP. CIMUNCANG RT 04 RW 04 |- |349 |MTSS DARUL HUDA |PONTON |- |350 |MTSS DARUL ULUM |JL. RAYA PAGERAGEUNG NO.85 RT 02 RW 09 |- |351 |MTSS DAYAGUNA |CIKALONG |- |352 |MTSS FADRIS |KP. PAGENDINGAN |- |353 |MTSS IBADUR-RAHMAN |KP. CIHATEUP SUKANAGALIH RAJAPOLAH KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA |- |354 |MTSS IBNU HAMBAL |JL RAYA CIKATOMAS |- |355 |MTSS ISLAMIYAH |JL. PESANTREN KIARA KUDA |- |356 |MTSS KARYA BAKTI |KP. DERAH DESA KARYABAKTI |- |357 |MTSS KH ZUMRATUL MUTTAQIN |GUNUNG PARI NO. 108 |- |358 |MTSS KH.A.WAHAB MUHSIN SUKAHIDENG |JL. MAKAM PAHLAWAN KHZ. MUSTHOFA SUKAMANAH |- |359 |MTSS KHOERUL FALAH |KP. JOMPONG.DESA MERTAJAYA.NO.45 RT. 006 / RW. 002 |- |360 |MTSS KHOERUL HUDA |JL. PASEH |- |361 |MTSS LEUWISEENG |LEUWISEENG RT. 001 RW. 010 |- |362 |MTSS LINGGALAKSANA |KP. NUSAWANGI RT.004 RW.002 |- |363 |MTSS MA RIFA |KP. PASANGGRAHAN RT 008 RW 003 |- |364 |MTSS MANARUL HUDA |KP SUKASIRNA RT.029 RW.003 |- |365 |MTSS MANARUL HUDA |KP. CIOGA I |- |366 |MTSS MANBAUL ULUM |JL. CIAKAR GUNAJAYA |- |367 |MTSS MATHLA UL FALAH |WAKAP RT/RW 001/001 |- |368 |MTSS MATHLABUSSAADAH |JL. CIGALONTONG KM. 06 RT 005 RW 001 |- |369 |MTSS MATHLAUL HUDA |KP. ANGGALASAN |- |370 |MTSS MATHLAUL ULUM CIMANUK |JL.KARANG TAWULAN NO.43 DESA CIMANUK |- |371 |MTSS MIFTAHUDDAROJAT |KAMPUNG MUARA RT. 008 RW. 002 |- |372 |MTSS MIFTAHUL HUDA |KAMPUNG PUGERAN RT 003 RW 001 DESA SUKAMAJU |- |373 |MTSS MIFTAHUL HUDA |KP.CIMUNCANG RT/RW002/010 |- |374 |MTSS MIFTAHUL ISLAM |TAWANGSARI RT.02/03 |- |375 |MTSS MIFTAHUL KHOIR |KP. CIBURUY PESANTREN DS. SUKASUKUR KEC. CISAYONG KAB. TASIKMALAYA |- |376 |MTSS MIFTAHUL ULUM |JL. RYA CIKTOMAS - CIKALONG KP. JATIWANGI, CILUMBA, CIKATOMAS |- |377 |MTSS MIFTAHUL ULUM |KHZ ABIDIN GUNUNGBUBUT |- |378 |MTSS MIFTAHUL ULUM |KP. SETIAMULYA |- |379 |MTSS MIFTAHUL ULUM |KP. LEUWIBUNGUR RT 001 RW 004 |- |380 |MTSS MISBAHUL HUDA |JL. RAYA CIKALONG NO 27 KP SUKAJAYA |- |381 |MTSS MUAWANAH |KP. CIDAHU TONGGOH RT. 002 RW. 008 |- |382 |MTSS MUHAMMADIYAH |JL. MUHAMMADIYAH CIKEDOKAN SINGAPARNA |- |383 |MTSS MUHAMMADIYAH 2 |JL. MANGUNHARJA N0 23 |- |384 |MTSS MUHAMMADIYAH 5 |JL. RAYA SUKAHENING NO. 104 |- |385 |MTSS MUHAMMADIYAH CIPAKU |KP. CIPAKU RT 06 RW 03 |- |386 |MTSS MUJAHIDIN |KP. KIKISIK RT03/06 |- |387 |MTSS MUNAWAROTUL HIDAYAH |KP. PANYAIRAN |- |388 |MTSS NAMIROH |KP.GUNUNGGOLER DS.GUNUNGSARI KEC.SUKARATU KAB. TASIKMALAYA |- |389 |MTSS NANGKALEAH |CISINGA/NANGKALEAH |- |390 |MTSS NEGLASARI |SANGGARIANG RT.002 RW.006 |- |391 |MTSS NURHIDAYAH |KP. BALEKAMBANG |- |392 |MTSS NURUL ANWAR |KP. CISEMUT RT/RW 013/003 |- |393 |MTSS NURUL FALAH |KP SINDANGRASA RT 10 RW 02 |- |394 |MTSS NURUL HIKMAH |KP. UNARA RT.04 RW.02 |- |395 |MTSS NURUL HUDA |BABAKAN BALONG KP. ADIJAYA |- |396 |MTSS NURUL HUDA |KP. LEUWINANGGUNG RT 004 RW 006 |- |397 |MTSS NURUL HUDA |KP. CIBUNTU RT 039/RW 006 |- |398 |MTSS NURUL HUDA |KP NGENOL RT 011 RW 005 DESA PUSPAMUKTI |- |399 |MTSS NURUL HUDA KUBANGHURANG |KP. KUBANGHURANG RT. 03 RW 03 |- |400 |MTSS NURUL IKHLAS |JL. MANGUNREJA-SUKARAJA KP.SUKAGALIH RT.010 RW. 004 |- |401 |MTSS NURUL IMAN |KP. BUNDERAN |- |402 |MTSS NURUL IMAN |PARAKANPANJANG |- |403 |MTSS NURUL ISLAM |JL. RAYA BUNIASIH NO.27 KP. BABAKAN ASEM RT/RW 010/03 |- |404 |MTSS NURUL ULUM |KP. RANGGON RT 019 RW 04 |- |405 |MTSS NURUSSALAM CIWARAK |KP PASIRPARIGI RT/RW 004/005 |- |406 |MTSS PASANGGRAHAN |JL. PASANGGRAHAN NO. 98 |- |407 |MTSS PERSATUAN ISLAM |JL. CIBEREKAH NO 60 |- |408 |MTSS PERSIS PANYUSUHAN CIAWI |JL. H. MOH THOLIB 103 |- |409 |MTSS PSA. MIFTAHUL FALAH |KP. SINDANGSONO RT/RW 02/02 |- |410 |MTSS PSA. NURUL IHSAN |KP. CICANGKUDU RT/RW 06/07 |- |411 |MTSS PUTERAN |JL. RAYA BARAT PUTERAN NO 08 |- |412 |MTSS RIYADHUL ULUM |JL. PERKEBUNAN WANGUNWATI |- |413 |MTSS RIYADHUSSALAM |KP. KIARANONGGENG |- |414 |MTSS RIYADLURROHMAH |KP. PARAKANTIGA RT.014 RW.002 |- |415 |MTSS ROUDLOTUTTARBIYYAH |LEUWIBUDAH |- |416 |MTSS SA AL-FALAH |JL. RAYA TAWANG KP. CIBUNTU RT 021/007 |- |417 |MTSS SA AL-MUSRYFAH |JL. RAYA CIPATUJAH |- |418 |MTSS SA AT-TAUFIQIYAH |KP. CITAMPERAS RT. 03 RW. 08 |- |419 |MTSS SA FATHUL AL-MUSTAGITSUN |KP CIBOGO RT 003 RW 006 |- |420 |MTSS SA MIFTAHUL FALAH |PERJUANGAN KP. CISITUKALER |- |421 |MTSS SA NURUL FALAH |KP CISOKA DS CIKAWUNG |- |422 |MTSS SA SUNDAWENANG |JL. PESANTREN NO. 1 |- |423 |MTSS SA TARBIYATUL UMMAH |KP. SUKASIRNA |- |424 |MTSS SABILUL HUDA |JLN GARUT-SINGAPARNA KM.7,5 KP.BARU SINDANGSARI RT.01/RW.01 |- |425 |MTSS SALAM MUKROM |SIRNAGALIH RT/RW. 06/08 |- |426 |MTSS SANGKALI |JL. RAYA TAWANG NO. KP. SANGKALI RT. 01 RW. 003 |- |427 |MTSS SERBA BAKTI |PONDOK PESANTREN SURYALAYA, KAMPUNG GODEBAG RT 001 RW 002 |- |428 |MTSS SHIRATUL FALAH |KP. LENGKONGJAYA RT.08 RW.02 |- |429 |MTSS SINDANG RAJA |JL. TONJONG SINDANG RAJA |- |430 |MTSS SINDANGSARI |PESANTREN AL-BAROKAH RT.04/01 |- |431 |MTSS SIROJUL UMMAH |JL.RAYA CIKALONG NO.27 |- |432 |MTSS SUBULUSSALAM |JL. GURANTENG |- |433 |MTSS TAJUL FALAH |JL. RAYA CIKALONG, KP. SINGKIR 1 RT 002 RW 001 |- |434 |MTSS TARBIYATUL MUALIMIN |KP. BENDUNGAN RT 06 RW 01 |- |435 |MTSS THOLABUL HIDAYAH |KP. CIRUKEM DESA TOBLONGAN KECAMATAN BOJONGASIH KAB. TASIKMALAYA |- |436 |MTSS TONJONGSARI |KP. PAREANG RT/RW 03/02 |- |437 |MTSS YAPIN |JL. RAYA CIKUBANG NO 39 |- |438 |MTSS YAPPENA |KP. BABAKANMUNCANG RT.023 RW. 005 |- |439 |MTSS YPPA CIBEAS |KP. CIBEAS RT 01 RW 01 |- |440 |MTSS YPUI AWILEGA |JL. AWILEGA |- |441 |MTSSBINA MANDIRI |JN. SUKAHENING RT/RW. 003/003 DESA CALINGCING |- |442 |MTSSDAARUDDA`WAH |PST. DAARUDDA WAH BOJONGSARI |- |443 |MTSSTAHFIDZ HAMALATUL QUR`AN |KP. CIKADU RT 07/02 |} === Sakolah Menengah Atas (SMA) === Di handap ieu daptar Sakola Menengah Atas (SMA) di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya:<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.umm.ac.id/id/pages/jawa-barat/data-sma-dan-smk-kab-tasikmalaya.html|title=Data SMA dan SMK Kab. Tasikmalaya {{!}} Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang|website=https://www.umm.ac.id/id/pages/jawa-barat/data-sma-dan-smk-kab-tasikmalaya.html|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223013654/https://www.umm.ac.id/id/pages/jawa-barat/data-sma-dan-smk-kab-tasikmalaya.html|archivedate=2023-02-23}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !NPSN !Ngaran Sakola !Alamat !Status |- |1 |MA AL ISHLAH |JAMANIS |Negeri |- |2 |MA AL MUAWANAH |TANJUNGJAYA |Swasta |- |3 |MA DAAR EL FIKRI |KP. CIJERUK |Negeri |- |4 |MA DARUL FIKRI |CIGALONTANG |Negeri |- |5 |MA MATHLAUL ULUM |CIKALONG |Negeri |- |6 |MAN Bantarkalong |Jl.Pemuda II Hegarwangi |Negeri |- |7 |MAN Cibalong |Jl.Derah Cibungur Parungponteng |Negeri |- |8 |MAN Cikalong |Jl. Sindanghurip, Cikalong |Negeri |- |9 |MAN Cipasung |Ponpes Cipasung, Singaparna |Negeri |- |10 |MAN Kiarakuda |Bbk. karet Pakemitan kidul Cwi |Negeri |- |11 |MAN Salopa |Talegongasli Mandalawangi Salopa |Negeri |- |12 |MAN Sukamanah |Sukamanah Sukarapih Sukarame |Negeri |- |13 |MAS Nurul Iman |Parakan panjang Cigalontang |Negeri |- |14 |MAS Al Furqon |Cikedokan Cipakat Singaparna |Negeri |- |15 |MAS Al Hamidiyah |Cipancur Sirnasari |Negeri |- |16 |MAS Al Hidayah |Gorowong Sirnajaya Sukaraja |Negeri |- |17 |MAS Al Ikhlas Padakembang |Ds. / Kec. Padakembang |Negeri |- |18 |MAS Al Muniroh |Sukahurip Sinagar Sukaratu |Negeri |- |19 |MAS Al Rahman |Ciakar Leuwidulang |Negeri |- |20 |MAS Al Rohmah |Cipaingeun Sodonghilir |Negeri |- |21 |MAS Al- Hasanah I |Saninten Tonjong Pancatengah |Negeri |- |22 |MAS Al- Islam |Jl. Patrol kulon, Manonjaya |Negeri |- |23 |MAS Al-Fadliyah |Tuban Purwaraharja Bojonggambir |Negeri |- |24 |MAS Al-Hikmah |Cipasara Salopa |Negeri |- |25 |MAS Al-Ikhlas |Panganten Cidugaleun Cigalontang |Negeri |- |26 |MAS Al-Mursalin |Kp. Citenggek Ds. Salawu |Negeri |- |27 |MAS An-Nur |Cilegi Salopa |Negeri |- |28 |MAS Ansoriyah |Cireundeu Ciroyom, Bojonggambir |Negeri |- |29 |MAS As- Sa'adah |Cihambirung Karangsembung |Negeri |- |30 |MAS Athoriyah |Jl. Raya Cikatomas |Negeri |- |31 |MAS Baitul Hikmah |Haurkuning Mandalaguna Salopa |Negeri |- |32 |MAS Bina Insani |Ciomas Karangresik Jamanis |Negeri |- |33 |MAS Budi Sartika |Cigarunggang Rajadatu Cineam |Negeri |- |34 |MAS Bungursari |Bungursari Cibeureum Tanjungjaya |Negeri |- |35 |MAS Cikasungka |Cikasungka Mulyasari Salopa |Negeri |- |36 |MAS Darul Abror |Cibeureum Cikadu Cisayong |Negeri |- |37 |MAS Fathiniyyah |Pageningan Jatihurip Cisayong |Negeri |- |38 |MAS Galunggung |Sindangsono Cigalontang |Negeri |- |39 |MAS Ibadurrahman |Cihateup Sukanagalin Rajapolah |Negeri |- |40 |MAS Khoerul Falah |Mertajaya Bojongasih |Negeri |- |41 |MAS Manarul Huda |Desa Sukasirna Sukarame |Negeri |- |42 |MAS Manbaul Ulum |Pameungpeuk Gunajaya Manonjaya |Negeri |- |43 |MAS Mekarsari |Mekarsari Pancatengah Tlp. 581161 |Negeri |- |44 |MAS Miftahul Ulum |Karyabakti Parungponteng |Negeri |- |45 |MAS Mujahidin |Kikisik Gunungsari Sukaratu |Negeri |- |46 |MAS Nurul Huda |Bbk. Balong Cibeber Cikalong |Negeri |- |47 |MAS Nurul Huda Kubanghurang |Mekarjaya Padakembang |Negeri |- |48 |MAS Nurussalam |Ciwarak Jatiwaras |Negeri |- |49 |MAS Serba Bakti |Ponpes Suryalaya, Pagerageung |Negeri |- |50 |MAS Tarbiyatul Mu'alimin |Bendungan Padakembang |Negeri |- |51 |MAS YIA At Taqwa Pmb. |Panembong Mangunjaya, Rjp. |Negeri |- |52 |MAS YP Cilenga |Cilenga Selawangi Sariwangi |Negeri |- |53 |MAS YPPA Al Khoeriyah |Cibeas Cintaraja Singaparna |Negeri |- |54 |MAS YPUI AL Mubarokah |Awilega, Cipicung, Culamega |Negeri |- |55 |MAS Yapinda |Batu masigit Sinagar Sukaratu |Negeri |- |56 |SMA AL AZHAR |Gunung Kicau Sukakarsa |Swasta |- |57 |SMA AL-HIDAYAH PUSPAHIANG |JALAN CICANIK |Swasta |- |58 |SMA AL-MUCHTAR SINGARANI |SINGARANI |Swasta |- |59 |SMA DARUL HIDAYAH |Desa Cigalontang Kec. Cigalontang |Swasta |- |60 |SMA ISLAM AL-HIDAYAH |JALAN ANGGA CANDRA NO. 133 |Swasta |- |61 |SMA ISLAM CIPASUNG |JALAN CIPASUNG |Swasta |- |62 |SMA ISLAM CIPICUNG |Cipicung Puspamukti Cigalontang |Swasta |- |63 |SMA ISLAM YAPPAS AL-BAROKAH |Jl.Rancapaku Kec.Padakembang |Swasta |- |64 |SMA IT RIYADLUSSHOLIHIN |Jl. Cipanas Galunggung Kp. Kubangsalawe |Swasta |- |65 |SMA ITTIHADUL UMMAT |Cikumpay Cikeusal |Swasta |- |66 |SMA KHZ MUSTHAFA |JALAN TAMAN PAHLAWAN SUKAMANAH |Swasta |- |67 |SMA MUHAMADIYAH RAWA |JALAN MANGUNHARJA |Swasta |- |68 |SMA MUHAMMADIYAH SINGAPARNA |JALAN MUHAMMADIYAH |Swasta |- |69 |SMA NEGERI 1 SARIWANGI |JALAN CIPAKU |Negeri |- |70 |SMA NURUL AMANAH |JALAN TASIK-GARUT KM. 31 |Swasta |- |71 |SMA PESANTREN CINTAWANA |JALAN PESANTREN CINTAWANA |Swasta |- |72 |SMA PGRI 43 SINGAPARNA |JALAN SUKASENANG CIPAKAT |Swasta |- |73 |SMA PGRI CIAWI |JALAN KH. MOHAMMAD BAGOWI NO.5 |Swasta |- |74 |SMA PGRI SALAWU |JALAN RAYA SALAWU NO. 32 |Swasta |- |75 |SMA PLUS AL-MUKROM |JALAN RAYA BOJONGGAMBIR |Swasta |- |76 |SMA PLUS AL-WAHID |JALAN KAMPUNG WANASIGRA |Swasta |- |77 |SMA PLUS MIFTAHUL ULUM |Jl. Cicadas Rt.05/07 Tanjungsari Gunungtanjung Manonjaya |Swasta |- |78 |SMA PLUS MUALIMIN PERSIS |JALAN CIBEREKAH |Swasta |- |79 |SMA PLUS NURUL WAFA |Sukarame |Swasta |- |80 |SMA SERBA BAKTI |JALAN SURYALAYA |Swasta |- |81 |SMA TERPADU DARUSSALAM |KP. NARUNGGUL |Swasta |- |82 |SMA YAB YASIN ARSAL BASA |Batumasigit |Swasta |- |83 |SMAN 1 CIAWI |JALAN PASIRHUNI NO. 10 |Negeri |- |84 |SMAN 1 CIGALONTANG |Cigalontang |Negeri |- |85 |SMAN 1 CIKALONG |JALAN RAYA CIKALONG |Negeri |- |86 |SMAN 1 CIKATOMAS |JALAN RAYA CIKATOMAS 109 |Negeri |- |87 |SMAN 1 CINEAM |JALAN ASRAMA |Negeri |- |88 |SMAN 1 CIPATUJAH |JALAN PANTAI SELATAN CIPATUJAH |Negeri |- |89 |SMAN 1 JATIWARAS |JALAN RAYA PAPAYAN |Negeri |- |90 |SMAN 1 KARANGNUNGGAL |JALAN RAYA KARANGNUNGGAL |Negeri |- |91 |SMAN 1 MANONJAYA |JALAN PATROL KULON MANONJAYA |Negeri |- |92 |SMAN 1 PAMIJAHAN |Cipatujah |Negeri |- |93 |SMAN 1 SINGAPARNA |JALAN PERIKANAN DARAT |Negeri |- |94 |SMAN 1 SODONGHILIR |JALAN RAYA TAGOG SODONGHILIR |Swasta |- |95 |SMAN 1 TARAJU |JALAN RAYA TARAJU |Negeri |- |96 |SMAN NURUL 1 MI |JL. RAYA KARANGNUNGGAL KM.23 |Negeri |- |97 |SMK AL AMIN |KP. CIBUNIGEULIS |Swasta |- |98 |SMK AL MANSHURIYAH |Jl. Nanggerang |Swasta |- |99 |SMK AL-FALAH |KP. KEBONKALAPA |Swasta |- |100 |SMK ASYSYAAKIRIIN |JL. TAMBANGDORA NO. 02 |Swasta |} === Paguron Luhur === Kabupatén Tasikmalaya miboga sajumlah [[paguron luhur]], di antarana [[Universitas Siliwangi]] (Unsil), [[Institut Agama Islam Cipasung]] (IAIC) Singaparna jeung [[Institut Agama Islam Latifah Mubarokiyah]] (IAILM) Suryalaya. Sajaba ti éta, Tasikmalaya kasohor miboga sajumlah [[pondok pasantren]] nu sumebar ampir di sakuliah wilayah kabupatén. Salian ti éta ieu sasabaraha paguron luhur anu lainna:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?tbs=lf:1,lf_ui:2&tbm=lcl&sxsrf=AJOqlzWGOIwEpKxJOSyajWgGFLH3On0wKg:1676041218143&q=perguruan+tinggi+di+kabupaten+tasikmalaya&rflfq=1&num=10&ved=2ahUKEwiBv76LnIv9AhWDzHMBHY7lCBkQtgN6BAgSEAU#rlfi=hd:;si:9343113965058814452,l,CilwZXJndXJ1YW4gdGluZ2dpIGRpIGthYnVwYXRlbiB0YXNpa21hbGF5YUibtNvDmaqAgAhaOxAAEAEYAxgEIilwZXJndXJ1YW4gdGluZ2dpIGRpIGthYnVwYXRlbiB0YXNpa21hbGF5YSoGCAMQABABkgEObnVyc2luZ19zY2hvb2yqATkQARofEAEiGyysIDoTaH7RiiKaMqsiQfMc3YW1qXwlGGEZQSoUIhBwZXJndXJ1YW4gdGluZ2dpKCY;mv:%5B%5B-7.242322835680683,108.30338145185546%5D,%5B-7.392835517703084,108.02117014814452%5D,null,%5B-7.317585523407213,108.16227579999999%5D,12%5D|title=perguruan tinggi di kabupaten tasikmalaya - Pamaluruhan Google|website=www.google.com|accessdate=2023-02-10}}</ref> # Politéknik Triguna Tasikmalaya # Univeristas Bina Sarana Informatika Kampus Tasikmalaya (UBSI Tasikmalaya) # Universitas Bhakti Kencana Tasikmalaya # Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik Tasikmalaya # STIKes Réspati Tasikmalaya # Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya # Universitas Cipasung Tasikmalaya # Sekolah Tinggi Téknologi Cipasung # Politénik LP3I Kampus Tasikmalaya # STMIK DCI # Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya # Universitas Mayasari Bakti # Politéknik Kesehatan Kementrian Keséhatan Tasikmalaya # Institut Agama Islam Tasikmalaya # Sekolah Tinggi Hukum Galunggung Tasikmalaya # STIT Al-Hidayah Tasikmalaya == Kaséhatan == Data taun 2021, fasilitas [[kaséhatan]] di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya dirojong ku hiji rumah sakit, 40 puskésmas, 167 puskésmas pembantu, 54 poliklinik, 2.394 posyandu jeung 82 [[Apotek|apoték]]. Tanaga kaséhatan anu kadata nyaéta:<ref name=":1" /> * [[Dokter|Doktér]] 99 urang * Perawat 762 urang * Bidan 991 urang * Ahli [[farmasi]] 103 urang * Ahli [[gizi]] 56 urang Di handap ieu daptar puskésmas anu aya di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cicendoeyehospital.org/id/|title=Home|website=PMN RS MATA CICENDO|language=id-id|accessdate=2023-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217105812/https://www.cicendoeyehospital.org/id/|archivedate=2023-02-17}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Kode Puskésmas !Ngaran Puskésmas !Alamat |- |P3206010101 |Puskésmas Cipatujah |Jl. Raya Cipatujah 123, Kec. Cipatujah |- |P3206020101 |Puskésmas Karang Nunggal |Ds. Karangnunggal No. 12, Kec. Karangnunggal |- |P3206030101 |Puskésmas Cikalong |Ds. Cikalong, Kec. Cikalong |- |P3206040201 |Puskésmas Pancatengah |Jl. Raya Pancatengah, Kec. Panca Tengah |- |P3206050101 |Puskésmas Cikatomas |Ds. Cikatomas, Kec. Cikatomas |- |P3206060201 |Puskésmas Cibalong |Ds. Cibalong, Kec. Cibalong |- |P3206061201 |Puskésmas Parungponteng |Ds. Parungponteng, Kec. Parung Ponteng |- |P3206070201 |Puskésmas Bantarkalong |Ds. Simpang, Kec. Bantar Kalong |- |P3206071101 |Puskésmas Bojongasih |Ds. Bojongasih, Kec. Bojong Asih |- |P3206072201 |Puskésmas Culamega |Ds. Culamega, Kec. Culamega |- |P3206080201 |Puskésmas Bojonggambir |Ds. Bojonggambir, Kec. Bojonggambir |- |P3206090201 |Puskésmas Sodonghilir |Ds. Sodonghilir, Kec. Sodonghilir |- |P3206100101 |Puskésmas Taraju |Jl. Raya Taraju Rt 006/01, Kec. Taraju |- |P3206110201 |Puskésmas Salawu |Jl. Raya Salawu 118, Kec. Salawu |- |P3206111201 |Puskésmas Puspahiang |Jl. Raya Puspahiang 7, Kec. Puspahiang |- |P3206120201 |Puskésmas Tanjungjaya |Ds. Cibalanarik, Kec. Tanjung Jaya |- |P3206130101 |Puskésmas Sukaraja |Ds. Sukaraja, Kec. Sukaraja |- |P3206140201 |Puskésmas Salopa |Jl. Raya Salopa 226, Kec. Salopa |- |P3206141201 |Puskésmas Jatiwaras |Ds. Jatiwaras, Kec. Jatiwaras |- |P3206150201 |Puskésmas Cineam |Ds. Cineam, Kec. Cineam |- |P3206160101 |Puskésmas Manonjaya |Jl. Perumahan 6, Kec. Manonjaya |- |P3206161201 |Puskésmas Gunungtanjung |Ds. Gunungtanjung, Kec. Gunungtanjung |- |P3206190201 |Puskésmas Singaparna |Ds. Singaparna, Kec. Singaparna |- |P3206190102 |Puskésmas Tinewati |Jl. Raya Singaparna, Kec. Singaparna |- |P3206191101 |Puskésmas Sukarame |Ds. Sukarame, Kec. Sukarame |- |P3206192201 |Puskésmas Mangunreja |Ds. Mangunreja, Kec. Mangunreja |- |P3206200101 |Puskésmas Cigalontang |Ds. Cigalontang, Kec. Cigalontang |- |P3206210201 |Puskésmas Leuwisari |Ds. Leuwisari, Kec. Leuwisari |- |P3206210202 |Puskésmas Karangjaya |Ds. Sirnajaya, Kec. Leuwisar |- |P3206211201 |Puskésmas Sariwangi |Ds. Sariwangi, Kec. Sariwangi |- |P3206212201 |Puskésmas Cisaruni |Jl. Kantor Pos, Kec. Padakembang |- |P3206221101 |Puskésmas Sukaratu |Ds. Sukaratu, Kec. Sukaratu |- |P3206230201 |Puskésmas Cisayong |Ds. Cisayong, Kec. Cisayong |- |P3206230201 |Puskésmas Sukahening |Ds. Sukahening, Kec. Sukahening |- |P3206240101 |Puskésmas Rajapolah |Ds. Rajapolah, Kec. Rajapolah |- |P3206250101 |Puskésmas Jamanis |Ds. Jamanis, Kec. Jamanis |- |P3206260101 |Puskésmas Ciawi |Jl. Panumbangan, Kec. Ciawi |- |P3206261201 |Puskésmas Kadipaten |Pos Ciawi 46156, Kec. Kadipaten |- |P3206270201 |Puskésmas Pagerageung |Tanjaknangsi 18, Kec. Pagerageung |- |P3206271201 |Puskésmas Sukaresik |Ds. Sukaresik, Kec. Sukaresik |} ==Pariwisata jeung Karajinan== Pariwisata di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya digenjot ku sababaraha hiji tempat wisata anu lolobana turis lokal. Jumlah turis anu plesiran ka tempat wisata di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya taun 2021 aya 590.906 urang. Data taun 2021 nyebutkeun yén turis panglobana ngadatangan tempat wisata ''Waterpark'' Ampera, disusul KPH Perhutani, Cipanas Galunggung, jeung Pamijahan.<ref name=":1" /> Jumlah warung dahar ogé ningkat tina 153 jadi 170 di taun 2020-2021. Jumlah hotél anu kadata di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya aya 22 hotél kalawan 413 kamar jeung 680 tempat saré. Daérah anu panglobana aya hotél nyaéta Cipatujah miboga 14 hotél tina total 22 hotél di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya.<ref name=":1" /> Anu loba di wewengkon Tasikmalaya pagunungan, puncakna Gunung Galunggung jeung Gunung Talagabodas. Tasikmalaya miboga iklim tropis kalayan suhu rata-rata di dataran handap 20° - 34&nbsp;°C jeung di dataran luhur 18° - 22&nbsp;°C. Masarakat Tasikmalaya umumna ngandelkeun séktor pertanian, peternakan jeung perikanan, kitu deui séktor pertambangan, saperti keusik Galunggung anu kualitasna cukup alus pikeun bahan wangunan, industri jeung padagangan. Industri pariwisata di dieu ngembang pesat kitu ogé widang karajinan. Tasikmalaya, katelah dasar ékonomi rahayat jeung usaha leutik jeung sedeng saperti karajinan tina awi, batik jeung payung kertas. Tapi, hanjakal pisan, bareng jeung kawijakan inpestasi masip taun 1990-an, poténsi ékonomi masarakat di wewengkon ieu condong jadi turun, malah teu diperhitungkeun. Poténsi anu tacan pinuh dikembangkeun di Tasik nyaéta industri sulaman anu geus aya di sakuliah dunya, tapi kiwari pamaréntah Kabupatén Tasikmalaya mimiti nyieun balai paméran sulaman para pengrajin Tasik anu aya di Kawalu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indotravelers.com/jawa-barat/tasikmalaya/index.html|title=Potensi / objek wisata Kabupaten Tasikmalaya|website=www.indotravelers.com|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228083241/http://www.indotravelers.com/jawa-barat/tasikmalaya/index.html|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> === Kampung Naga === [[Gambar:Rumah Adat Kampung Naga, Tasik Malaya, 28 Oktober 2018.jpg|jmpl|Kampung Naga Taun 2018]] Kampung Naga perenahna di Désa Neglasari, Kacamatan [[Salawu, Tasikmalaya|Salawu]], Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, Propinsi [[Jawa Kulon]]. Di Kampung Naga masarakatna masih kénéh kuat nyekel adat-istiadat anu diwariskeun ti karuhun, nyaéta adat-istiadat [[Sunda]]. Ngaran Kampung Naga sorangan dibéré alatan désa maranéhanana perenahna di sisi walungan, dina basa Sunda Nagawir atawa sisi gawir. Masarakat kampung Naga sorangan nyebut sajarah kampungna istilah "Obor Pareum". Pareum atawa geus paeh, poek. Jeung obor atawa lampu, ku kituna bisa ditarjamahkeuh paehna kacaangan. Ieu patali jeung sajarah Kampung Naga sorangan. Maranéhna teu apal asal muasal kampung. Henteu aya sajarah anu jelas, iraha jeung saha bae pangadegna jeung naon anu aya di tukangeun nyieun ieu kampung kalayan budaya anu masih kuat.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://egindo.com/mengenal-kampung-naga-desa-asri-di-tasikmalaya/|title=Mengenal Kampung Naga, Desa Asri Di Tasikmalaya|website=EGINDO|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210154848/https://egindo.com/mengenal-kampung-naga-desa-asri-di-tasikmalaya/|archivedate=2023-02-10}}</ref> [[Gambar:Kampung Naga, Tasimalaya.jpg|jmpl|Kaayaan Kampung Naga]] [[Gambar:Kampung Naga Java111.jpg|jmpl]] [[Gambar:Kampung Naga Villager.JPG|jmpl]] Kampung Naga nembongkeun ka balaréa yén maranéhna masih ngajaga [[Kearifan Lokal|kaarifan lokal]] jeung budaya karuhun anu geus ngamalir ti baheula. Masarakat Kampung Naga dianggap salah sahiji karuhun Sunda asli. Nurutkeun kapercayaan masarakat Kampung Naga, ngalaksanakeun tradisi warisan ti karuhun hartina ngajénan karuhun. Sagala hal anu henteu asalna tina ajaran karuhun Kampung Naga, sarta naon-naon anu henteu diamalkeun ku karuhunna dianggapna euweuh. Upama hal-hal ieu dilakukeun ku masarakat Kampung Naga, hartina ngalanggar adat, teu ngahormat ka karuhun, pasti bakal nimbulkeun musibah atawa mamala ka saha bae anu upamana ngalakukeun atawa ngalanggar hal anu euweuh ti karuhun.<ref name=":0" /> === Gunung Galunggung === [[Gambar:GUNUNG GALUNGGUNG.jpg|jmpl|Gunung Galunggung]] Ngaran [[Gunung Galunggung]] mangrupakeun salah sahiji gunung anu aktip di [[Jawa Kulon]]. Lokasina di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, Gunung Galunggung miboga jangkungna 2.168 méter di luhur permukaan laut. Gunung Galunggung ayeuna jadi salah sahiji tujuan wisata anu panglobana didatangan. Kaéndahan alamna mampuh ngahipnotis panon saha waé nu datang ka ieu wewengkon Gunung Galunggung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6409952/fakta-gunung-galunggung-yang-keindahannya-menghipnotis-mata|title=Fakta Gunung Galunggung yang Keindahannya Menghipnotis Mata|last=Bagaskara|first=Bima|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210151847/https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6409952/fakta-gunung-galunggung-yang-keindahannya-menghipnotis-mata|archivedate=2023-02-10}}</ref> Naek ka [[Gunung Galunggung]] kasebut babari, sabab keur balarea anu masih pemula. Kusabab tos aya jalur ''trekking'' keur nepi ka daérah puncak, dimana aya kawah anu biasana tujuan utama. Pangurus [[Gunung Galunggung]], geus nyadiakeun dua jalur ''trekking'' pikeun nepi ka puncak, nyaéta ku cara naék tangga anu dicét bulao sarta ogé tangga anu dicét konéng. Lamun ngarasa capé, aya sababaraha tempat anu disadiakeun pikeun reureuhan pondok sapanjang jalur naek ka gunung. Perasaan capé, nyeri jeung haus bakal kabayar sabot anjog ka puncak Gunung Galunggung. Cara anu paling pikabungaheun pikeun ngarasakeun kaéndahan Gunung Galunggung nyaéta ku cara ngalakukeun kagiatan kemping, di tempat-tempat anu geus aya. Ngarasakeun hawa gunung anu tiis kalayan pamandangan alam anu endah, mangrupakeun pangalaman anu mustahil dipohokeun. Teu perlu répot-répot mawa tnda, sabab di dieu aya tempat nyewa ténda kumplit jeung alat-alat nu diperlukeun. Éta leuwih alus upama balaréa reserpasi saméméhna.<ref name=":8" /> === '''Basisir Cipatujah''' === [[Gambar:Galunggung usgs.jpg|jmpl|Galunggung]] Ngaran Cipatujah asalna tina ngaran walungan Cipatujah. Sedengkeun kecap Cipatujah sorangan mangrupa basa Sunda anu hartina buhun “patujah-tujah” silih tawuran. Dua walungan ngahiji dimana aliran cai ngahiji ka laut Basisir Kidul. Ngaran ieu walungan nyaéta walungan Cipatujah anu kiwari jadi wates désa di beulah kulon jeung walungan [[Cipanyérang]] anu ngabagi wewengkon Désa [[Ciandum, Cipatujah, Tasikmalaya|Ciandum]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempatwisata.pro/wisata/Pantai-Cipatujah|title=Pantai Cipatujah : Harga Tiket, Foto, Lokasi, Fasilitas dan Spot - TempatWisata.pro|website=Tempat.me|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210151833/https://www.tempatwisata.pro/wisata/Pantai-Cipatujah|archivedate=2023-02-10}}</ref> Obyék wisata pantai Cipatujah Selatan miboga legana kurang leuwih 115 héktar. Jarakna kurang leuwih 74&nbsp;km ti puseur kota Tasikmalaya. Basisir Selatan Tasikmalaya ngabogaan potensi wisata anu sumebar sapanjang basisir Cipatujah nepi ka Cikalong. Salian atraksi ieu, aya kénéh objék jeung atraksi lianna. Sapanjang basisir aya loba walungan anu cukup badag sangkan pamandangan alam sabudeureunana asri tur berpotensi pikeun dipak jadi obyek wisata. Lokasina cukup strategis minangka salah sahiji tempat wisata anu bisa dipanggihan nalika ngaliwatan jalur Telaga Kidul, sagigireun Basisir Pamayangsari, Basisir Sindangkerta jeung Karangtwulan anu teu kurang éndahna. Basisir Cipatujah jarakna ngan kira-kira 97 Km ti Basisir Pangandaran ngaliwatan jalan anu cukup mulus nyisir basisir kidul, kalayan koordinat anu bisa dijadikeun input dina GPS, nyaéta: S: 07? 34.778 'jeung E 108? 06430'<ref name=":6" /> === '''Basisir Sindangkerta''' === Basisir Sindangkerta aya di [[Désa Sindangkerta]], Kacamatan Cipapuh, Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, Jawa Kulon. Waktu liburan di lokasi basisir Tasikmalaya ieu, aksés ka lokasi ayeuna enggeus ngadukung pisan dibandingkeun taun-taun saméméhna. Jalan-jalan eunggeus diropéa pisan, ngajadikeun aksés ka lokasi jadi babari. Lokasi pantai anu aya di wewengkon kidul Tasikmalaya, butuh waktu kira-kira 2-3 jam ti puseur Kota Tasikmalaya lamun perjalanan lancar. Bisa langsung ka Kacamatan Cipapuh, tuluy ka Désa Sindangkerja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempatwisata.pro/wisata/Pantai-Sindangkerta|title=Pantai Sindangkerta, Wisata Bahari dengan Keindahan Taman Laut yang Begitu Memukau - TempatWisata.pro|website=Tempat.me|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210151835/https://www.tempatwisata.pro/wisata/Pantai-Sindangkerta|archivedate=2023-02-10}}</ref> Salah sahiji kagiatan utama di Basisir Sindangkerta nyaéta ngojay. Wistawan ogé bisa ulin dina cai, ulin di pasir, nyokot gambar ngalawan pantai salaku latarna, atawa nyokot sapanjang basisir. Nalika cai laut geus surut, wiasatawan bisa leumpang nepi ka wewengkon batu anu datar tur lega. ieu wewengkon karang ogé bisa dijadikeun tempat pamancingan.<ref name=":7" /> === Basisir Karang Tawulan === Sacara administratif alamat/lokasi Pantai Karang Tawulan aya di Désa Cimanuk, Kacamatan Cikalong, Tasikmalaya. Lokasina padeukeut jeung wewengkon Ciamis-Pangandaran. Lokasi karang Tawulan sorangan sabenerna cukup stratégis sarta babari aksésna. Ayeuna jalan di jalur kidul Jawa Kulon geus alus sangkan wisatawan ti kota séjen saperti Bandung, Jakarta, jeung sajabana bakal gampang nepi ka ieu tempat. Daya tarik pantai ieu dina wangun gawir anu rada nonjol ka tengah laut, kalayan pasir basisir anu éndah sarta rada disumputkeun di handap kénca jeung katuhu gawir.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/pantai-karang-tawulan-tempat-wisata-di-tasikmalaya/|title=Pantai Karang Tawulan,Tempat Wisata Di Tasikmalaya Yang Eksotis|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210151834/https://www.nativeindonesia.com/pantai-karang-tawulan-tempat-wisata-di-tasikmalaya/|archivedate=2023-02-10}}</ref> Pasilitas di Pantai Karang Tawulan lumayan lengkep. Aya jamban di daérah utama, masjid leutik jeung tempat parkir anu lumayan gede. Masih saeutik pisan wadah sampah umum. Sajaba ti éta, aya pos nempoan sarta sababaraha gazebo atawa saung paranti ngiuhan wisatawan. Hanjakal, acan aya akomodasi di ieu basisir. Sanajan kitu, aya sababaraha panginepan leutik sa sagala jalan kidul tapi jauh ti lokasi. Réstoran anu sayogi di dieu Nyayogikeun nawarkeun rupa-rupa kadaharan ti laut anu seger. Daya tarik utama Pantai Karang Tawulan nyaéta kabentukna gawir anu nyorot rada ka laut kalayan pasir pantai anu éndah. Batu-batu di tengah laut ngajadikeun ieu pantai dipikareueus ku wisatawan. Basisir ieu dipikawanoh ku angin kuat na. Loba tamu nu ulin nepi ka gawir-gawir nu nyusup ka tengah laut. Biasana dipaké pikeun tempat mancing. Sajauh anu katingali, di Basisir Karang Tawulan anu katémbong aya sajumlah karang anu jangkung katarajang ombak laut basisir Kidul.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempatwisata.pro/wisata/Pantai-Karang-Tawulan|title=Pantai Karang Tawulan : Harga Tiket, Foto, Lokasi, Fasilitas dan Spot - TempatWisata.pro|website=Tempat.me|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132535/https://www.tempatwisata.pro/wisata/Pantai-Karang-Tawulan|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> Basisir Karang Tawulan ombakna luhur. Jadi basisir ieu teu cocog pikeun kagiatan ngojay. Di obyék wisata pantai ieu aya hiji pulo leutik nu disebut Nusa Manuk. Lamun nganjang ka dieu dina soré wisatwan bisa ninggali sakumna ti kumpulan manuk camar mulang ka Nusa Manuk. Nalika isuk-isuk, wisatawan bisa ningali cai laut surut ninggalkeun batu. Bari leumpang ngarasakeun hawa isuk dina batu, wisatawan ogé bisa ningali sababaraha sato laut warni warna leutik diantara batu. Beurang wisatawan bisa ngagolér santai di pondok anu sayogi atawa bisa ogé mancing lobster. Aya loba lobster di basisir ieu. Kaunikan Basisir Karang Tawulan nyaéta wisatawan bisa manggihan kebon jukut jeung saung anu nyinghareup langsung ka laut. Ti dieu wisatawan disuguhkeun ku pintonan éndah basisir ogé atmosipir anu éndah. Ieu patali jeung tatangkalan anu ngurilingan wewengkon basisir sarta masih saeutik pisan padagang nu ngajual barang maranéhanana. Jadi pantai ieu sampurna pikeun anjeun anu hoyong bersantai tina hiruk-pikuk kahirupan di kota.<ref name=":9" /> === Makam Syekh Abdul Muhyi, Pamijahan === Pamijahan anu perenahna di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, [[Jawa Kulon]] beulah kidul, mindeng didatangan ku rombongan jamaah ti sagala rupa daérah. Utamana dina bulan Rajab. Pamijahan mangrupa obyek wisata religi anu aya di Désa Pamijahan Kacamatan [[Bantarkalong, Tasikmalaya|Bantarkalong]] Kabupatén Tasikmalaya. Legana anu jadi obyek wisata téh kurang leuwih 25 héktar. Sacara umum, wisatawan anu ngahaja ka lokasi ieu miboga niat husus, nyaéta zarah, ku kituna obyek wisata ieu kentel pisan ku acara ritual kaagamaan, nya éta Islam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deskjabar.pikiran-rakyat.com/jabar/pr-1133215525/tasikmalaya-pamijahan-goa-safarwadi-makam-syekh-abdul-muhyi-favorit-peziarah-di-bulan-rajab-ada-air-zamzam|title=TASIKMALAYA: Pamijahan, Goa Safarwadi, Makam Syekh Abdul Muhyi Favorit Peziarah di Bulan Rajab: ADA AIR ZAMZAM - Desk Jabar|last=Mahesa|first=Zair|website=deskjabar.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210151846/https://deskjabar.pikiran-rakyat.com/jabar/pr-1133215525/tasikmalaya-pamijahan-goa-safarwadi-makam-syekh-abdul-muhyi-favorit-peziarah-di-bulan-rajab-ada-air-zamzam|archivedate=2023-02-10}}</ref> Syekh Abdul Muhyi Pamijahan dipercaya minangka waliyullah sarta dipikahormat ku masarakat pesantrén. Anjeunna mangrupakeun panyambung jeung pamawa tarékat ''Syathariyah'' ka Pulo [[Jawa]]. Leuwih dipikawanoh ku ngaran Haji Karang, sabab kungsi diajar jeung khalwat di Gua Karang. Dina gapura makamna anu aya di Pamijahan Tasikmalaya, aya tulisan Sayyiduna Syaikh al-Hajj Waliyullah Radhiyullahu. Abdul Muhyi dibabarkeun taun 1650 di Mataram. Mataram di dieu cenah aya di Lombok, tapi aya ogé anu nyebutna Karajaan Mataram Islam. Ngaran bapana Sembah Lebe Wartakusumah, bangsawan Sunda katurunan Raja [[Galuh Pajajaran]] anu harita mangrupa bagian ti Karajaan Mataram Jawa. Indungna namina Radén Ajeng Tangan Ziah, turunan bangsawan Mataram anu nyukcruk deui ka Syaikh Ainui Yaqin (Sunan Giri l).<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://priangan.tribunnews.com/2022/10/21/wisata-religi-makam-syekh-abdul-muhyi-di-pamijahan-sempat-dilanda-banjir-bandang|title=Wisata Religi Makam Syekh Abdul Muhyi di Pamijahan, Sempat Dilanda Banjir Bandang|website=tribunpriangan.com|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228135857/https://priangan.tribunnews.com/2022/10/21/wisata-religi-makam-syekh-abdul-muhyi-di-pamijahan-sempat-dilanda-banjir-bandang|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> Sabada budak leutik, Abdul Muhyi kungsi diajar di Ampel Denta pikeun nepikeun rupa-rupa kaélmuan pasantrén. Taun 1669 Maséhi, dina umur 19 taun, Abdul Muhyi ngulampreng ka Mekah, tapi eureun di Acéh. Di Acéh Abdul Muhyi sabenerna papanggih jeung diajar jeung Tengku Syiah Kuala atawa Syaikh Abdur Ra'uf as-Singkili. Abdul Muhyi ngulik rupa-rupa disiplin élmu di Kota Acéh, kaasup jamaah Syathariyah ti jalur Syaikh Abdur Ra'uf. Salaku guru besar Syathariyah, Syaikh Abdur Ra'uf nyobian ngadamaikeun Wuwuf Wunu Arabi jeung tasawuf séjénna anu ngembang di masarakat Islam. Sanggeus sababaraha taun di Acéh, Abdul Muhyi diajak ku guruna pikeun nganjang ka makam hiji jalma nu katelah Wali Qutb, Syaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani di [[Irak]]. Perjalanan diteruskeun ka Mekah jeung Madinah pikeun ngalaksanakeun ibadah haji. Abdul Muhyi tuluy diajar di Makkah, tapi henteu langsung ka imah. Di Mekah Abdul Muhyi patepung jeung Syaikh Yusuf al-Maqassari, sarta disangka kuat yén Abdul Muhyi ogé diajar jeung Ahmad al-Qusyasyi, Ibrahim Kurani, jeung Hasan al-Ajami, nyaéta guru ti AbdurRa'uf as-Singkili sorangan. Abdul Muhyi balik ti Mekah ka Ampel Denta taun 1678 sanggeus narima ijazah jadi mursyid tarekat Syathariyah ti guruna. Sawangsulna ti Ampel Denta, bapana nikah ka putri nu namina Ayu Bekta. Sanggeus nikah, Abdul Muhyi pindah jeung kolotna ka [[Jawa Kulon]] pikeun nyebarkeun agama [[Islam]], sarta nyoba manggihan hiji guha anu ditémbongkeun ku guruna, [[Syekh Abdur Ra'uf as-Singkili.]]<ref name=":11" /> Mimitina Abdul Muhyi jeung kulawargana cicing di Désa [[Darma, Kuningan|Darma]] Kuningan salila 8 taun (1678-1685) dumasar paménta masarakat. Lantaran tacan manggih tujuan anu rék ditéangan, bari ngalaksanakeun dakwahna, Abdul Muhyi ngajugjug ka [[Garut Kota, Garut|Garut]] Kidul sarta dipénta ku masarakat pikeun cicing di Pameungpeuk, Garut. Perjalanan diteruskeun ka Lebaksiuh deukeuet Batuwarigi. Di ieu rupa-rupa padumukan Abdul Muhyi terus nyebarkeun Islam sopan kalayan haté sufi. Di Lebaksiuh Abdul Muhyi mendakan guha suci sareng wingit. Ieu guha dingaranan Pamijahan, sabab tempatna loba lauk. Guha Pamijahan téh taringgul tur pinuh ku leuweung geledegan, ku lantaran kitu sok disebut Gua Karang. Saprak harita, sok sanajan masih kénéh cicing di Lebaksiuh, Abdul Muhyi leuwih katelah Haji Karang. Ieu guha jadi tempat 'uzlah jeung khalwatna, tapi di tempat panungtungna, anjeunna ngawangun pakampungan anyar jeung pengikutna di kuloneun Kampung Ojong, sarta katelah Safar Wadi. Di tempat ieu anjeunna ngawangun masjid jeung padepokan salaku puseur sumebarna Islam jeung tarekat Syathariyah. Salaku guru Rohani, Abdul Muhyi dipikahormat ku masarakat jeung Karaton Mataram. Kampungna diaku jadi kampung perdikan, hartina boga hak ngatur urusan sorangan sacara mandiri, sanajan aya di wewengkon Mataram. Sanaos aya hubungan sareng Mataram, hubungan sareng karaton Cirebon sareng Banten ogé mekar, kalebet satuju yén sababaraha anakna nikah sareng bangsawan ti Cirebon. Anjeunna ogé ngagaduhan hubungan anu caket sareng Kasultanan Banten, kalebet sareng guru Rohani di Banten, nyaéta Syaikh Yusuf Tajul khalwaiti al-Maqassari, anu janten sobatna nalika anjeunna di Mekah. Waktu Syaikh Yusuf keur perang gerilya di leuweung ngalawan Walanda alatan kaberhasilan Walanda ngabongkar Karaton Banten, Syaikh Yusuf nyumput di tempat Syaikh Abdul Muhyi. Salian ti jadi pendidik, mujahid dina nyebarkeun agama Islam, jalma anu kakoncara mibanda kamampuhan ilmiah, Syekh Abdul Muhyi oge sastrawan. Manéhna nulis buku dina disiplin tarekat Syathariyah. Tokoh ieu maot dina taun 1730 Masehi atawa 1151 H dina yuswa 80 taun. Dimakamkeun di Pamijahan nyaéta di Bantar Kalong Tasikmalaya kidul, kuburanna nepi ka ayeuna jadi makam anu mindeng didatangan ku masarakat NU jeung masarakat Islam umumna.<ref name=":11" /> === Kelom Geulis === [[Gambar:JEMBATAN CIHERAS CIPATUJAH - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|Cipatujah]] Kelom Geulis asalna tina dua kecap. Kelom asalna tina kecap Walanda "Kelompen" anu hartina sendal kai. Sedengkeun “Geulis” asalna tina basa Sunda anu hartina éndah. Ku cara kitu, kelom geulis bisa diinterpretasikeun salaku sendal geulis. Kelom geulis ti Tasikmalaya ieu masih kénéh dijieun di imah. Hiasan dina wangun ukiran motif kembang. Tapi ayeuna aya oge kelom anu motifna geus ruap-rupa salah sahijina motif batik, ku kituna disebut batik kelom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20220218224606-275-762794/9-oleh-oleh-khas-tasikmalaya-unik-dan-legendaris|title=9 Oleh-Oleh Khas Tasikmalaya, Unik dan Legendaris|last=Indonesia|first=C. N. N.|website=gaya hidup|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210151833/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20220218224606-275-762794/9-oleh-oleh-khas-tasikmalaya-unik-dan-legendaris|archivedate=2023-02-10}}</ref> Kelom Geulis dicokot tina basa Walanda, nyaéta 'kelompen' anu hartina sendal kai. Istilah Kelom Geulis Tasikmalaya sorangan asalna tina basa Sunda anu hartina sendal kayu anu éndah. Sendal kelom biasana dipaké pikeun hajatan atawa acara resmi.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://badan-penghubung.jabarprov.go.id/kelom-geulis/|title=Kelom Geulis|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228133752/https://badan-penghubung.jabarprov.go.id/kelom-geulis/|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> Kelom Geulis Tasikmalaya dijieunna tina mahoni atawa albasia. Kelom Geulis dijieun sacara manual. Sangkan katingali pikaresepeun, kelom dihias. Ornamén kelom umumna hiasan ukiran motip kembang. Ayeuna, aya ogé kelom anu ngagunakeun hiasan koas cat cai jeung ogé hiasan batik, atawa leuwih katelah batik kelom. Salah sahiji produk andalan Kota Tasikmalaya loba dihasilkeun minangka Industri Rumah Tangga. Sentra produksi karajinan Kelom Geulis Tasikmalaya aya di Desa Setiamulya, Mulyasari, Kersanegara, Sukahurip, Sumelap.<ref name=":10" /> Batik Kelom milik Ana Nuryana, nu boga “Koleksi Sagitria” nu aya di Jl. Dadaha No. 6 Tasikmalaya geus ngamimitian usahana ti taun 2000. Ku rupa-rupa inovasi dina hal motif, warna jeung wangun kelom geulis. Kelom geulis salaku hasil karyana diminati pisan teu ukur di Tasikmalaya atawa nasional tapi ogé internasional. Kelom Geulis Tasikmalaya parantos diékspor ka Asia Tenggara, Korea, Jepang, Swédia, Afrika, Panama, Wétan Tengah sareng sabagian [[Éropa]].<ref name=":10" /> == Kadaharan Has == === Kupat Tahu Mangunreja === Salah sahiji kadaharan has di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya nyaéta kupat tahu Mangunreja anu aya di Jalan Raya Garut Tasikmalaya, Kampung Tomblongan, Kacamatan Mangunreja, Kabupatén Tasikmalaya. Kupat tahu Mangureja boga ciri has tina kupatna anu kenyel jeung padet, tur bumbu kacangna henteu pati direndos lemes. Kupat tahu Mangunreja geus aya ti taun 1955, mimiti dijual ku jalma nu ngaranna Usam jeung Ochi. Ayeuna kupat tahu Mangunreja diteruskeun ku incu buyutna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/share/pwkxm618000|title=Kupat Tahu Mangunreja Asli Tasikmalaya Eksis Sejak 1955|website=Republika Online|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221060618/https://republika.co.id/share/pwkxm618000|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> Sapiring kupat tahu eusina tahu goréng, kupat anu dikeureutan, dibanjur ku bumbu kacang suuk has maké bawang daun, tur dibere kurupuk. Saporsi kupat tahu Mangunreja hargana antara Rp20.000 nepikaRp25.000. Warung kupat tahu ieu henteu muka cabang dimamana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/kuliner/d-6152735/kupat-tahu-mangunreja-kuliner-legendaris-khas-tasikmalaya|title=Kupat Tahu Mangunreja, Kuliner Legendaris Khas Tasikmalaya|last=Rahadian|first=Deden|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221060607/https://www.detik.com/jabar/kuliner/d-6152735/kupat-tahu-mangunreja-kuliner-legendaris-khas-tasikmalaya|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> == Tempo Ogé == * [[Kota Tasikmalaya]] * [[Sajarah Tasikmalaya]] * [[Kampung Naga]] * [[Daftar Tokoh Tasikmalaya]] ==Tumbu Luar== * {{id}} [http://www.tasikmalaya.go.id/ Situs Resmi Daerah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050527010556/http://www.tasikmalaya.go.id/ |date=2005-05-27 }} * {{id}} [http://www.tasikiwari.com Situs Informasi Tasikmalaya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008151039/http://www.tasikiwari.com/ |date=2007-10-08 }} {{JaBar}} {{Kabupatén Tasikmalaya}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Tasikmalaya]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Jawa Kulon|Tasikmalaya]] [[Kategori:Artikel WikiMekar]] 39rhiz4rpf1msxstzds4h3iuounvds2 Kabupatén Purwakarta 0 4623 729081 655547 2026-09-26T12:05:06Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 9 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotakinfo Kabupatén Purwakarta}} '''Kabupatén Purwakarta''' ([[aksara Sunda]]: ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮕᮥᮁᮝᮊᮁᮒ) mangrupa hiji [[kabupatén]] di [[Propinsi]] [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Indonésia]]. Ibukotana nyaéta [[Purwakarta, Purwakarta|Kacamatan Purwakarta]]. Kabupatén Purwakarta wawatesan jeung [[Kabupatén Karawang]] di beulah kulon kalér, [[Kabupatén Subang]] di beulah wétan, sarta [[Kabupatén Bandung]] jeung [[Kabupatén Cianjur]] di beulah kidul. == Sajarah == Asal kecap Purwakarta nyaéta tina dua kecap Purwa anu hartina mimiti jeung Karta anu hartina ramé atawa hirup. Kabupatén Purwakarta ngabogaan posisi antara ibukota Jakarta jeung ibukota propinsi [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]]. Posisi Kabupatén Purwakarta ieu jadi salah sahiji wewengkon anu miboga loba paninggalan sajarah. Bisa ditinggali ka tukang, ngaliwatan carita klasik ngeunaan sésa tata kelola kota anu teu mileupas tina [[kolonialisme]] [[Walanda]] jeung dina sajarah Jepang kungsi ngajajah.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://purwakartakab.go.id/read/24|title=Sejarah Purwakarta|website=purwakartakab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218113006/https://purwakartakab.go.id/read/24|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> [[Gambar:Purwakarta, Bestanddeelnr 1530-1-1.jpg|jmpl|Purwakarta beheula]] Numutkeun kana sajarah, beula Kabupatén Purwakarta kungsi dijadikeun lumbung béas jeung pangkalan logistik ku [[Karajaan Mataram (Hindu)|Karajaan Mataram]] basa VOC datang ka [[Hindia-Walanda]] nyerang Batavia dina abad ka-18. Bisa ditinggali salah sahiji wangunan anu masih adeg sésa-sésa paninggalan [[Hindia-Walanda]] di kabupatén Purwakarta aya pendopo anu kiwari ku masarakat disebut gedong nagara jeung ayeuna dipaké kantor bupati. Gedong ieu nyinghareup ka lebah alun-alun anu ditaksir ku para sejarawan yén pambangunan gedong nagara atawa pendopo èta henteu lain bareng jeung nyieun eta alun-alun, gaya arsitékturna ngagambarkeun Jawa tradisional jeung [[Éropa]] anu diwangun taun 1831.<ref name=":0" /> [[Gambar:Militairen in een plaatsje nabij Purwakarta (West-Java) hebben een zwembad, dat , Bestanddeelnr 466.jpg|jmpl|Purwakarta baheula]] Saméméh Purwakarta jadi kabupatén, dina jaman VOC Purwakarta kaabus ka Karawang dina taun 1630 nalika jaman VOC, satuluyna Purwakarta dijadikeun ibukota [[Kabupatén Karawang|Karawang]] dina taun 1831 dumasar kana kaputusan Jénderal [[Hindia-Walanda]] harita. Saméméh Purwakarta dijieun puseur kota pamaréntahan aya hiji désa anu ngarana Wanayasa, lokasina aya di 24 kilométer ti suku Gunung Burangrang. Ti harita Purwakarta geus jadi kacamatan ti taun 1968. Kacutat dina salah sahiji buku sajarah Purwakarta anu sumberna tina koran Hindia-Walanda yén kacutat ''"Door den Gou. verneur Generaal in Radem is bepaald dat dehoofdplaats de Assistant-residentie Krawang, voortan den naam Poerwakarta"'' anu ngabogaan harti Gubernur Jéndral geus nangtukeun yén ibukota Afdeling ([[Kabupatén Karawang|Karawang]]) ngarana Purwakarta. Waktu harita ngaran kabupatén Purwakarta acan kakoncara atawa dipikawanoh ku jelema lian siga kiwari, masarakat wanoh kana Purwakarta baheula teh ku ngaran [[Sindangkasih, Purwakarta, Purwakarta|Sindangkasih]], ngaran Sindangkasih nepi ka kiwari masih jadi puseur dayeuh. Ngaran Sindangkasih ieu dicokot tina kajadian buapati Karawang jaman harita nyaéta [[R. A. Suriawinata]] anu keur neangan tempat atawa lokasi pamaréntahan basa taun 1830, anu ahirna bupati [[R. A. Suriawinata]] manggihan hiji lokasi anu padumukna jeung masarakatna kacida méré parlakuan anu hadé jeung haneut, ku kituna ngaran Sindangkasih téh dicokot tina kaayaan masarakatna harita.<ref name=":0" /> == Daptar Bupati jeung Wakil Bupati == === Bupati<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://disipusda.purwakartakab.go.id/bupati-purwakarta/|title=Bupati Purwakarta – Dinas Kearsipan dan Perpustakaan Purwakarta|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223151246/https://disipusda.purwakartakab.go.id/bupati-purwakarta/|archivedate=2023-02-23}}</ref> === * HS. Ronggowaluyo (1968-1969) * Kol. Inf. RA. Muchtar (1969-1979) * Kol. Inf. RHA. Abubakar (1979-1980 & 1982-1983) * Letkol AU. Drs. Mukdas Dasuki (1980-1982) * R.H. Soedarna TM (1983-1993) * H. Bunyamin Dudih, SH (1993-2003) * H. Lili Hambali Hasan M.Si (2003-2008) * [[Gambar:Dedi Mulyadi Bupati Purwakarta.jpg|jmpl|Dedi Mulyadi]]H. Dedi Mulyadi SH (2008-2017) * Anne Ratna Mustika (2017-ayeuna) === Wakil Bupati<ref name=":1" /> === * H. Dedi Mulyadi, SH (2003 - 2008) * Drs. H. Dudung B. Supardi, MM (2008 - 2013) * Dadan Koswara (2013-2017) * [[Gambar:Wabup-h-aming.jpg|jmpl|H. Aming]]H. Aming (2017-ayeuna) ==Topograpi== Kabupatén Purwakarta kawengku ku 17 [[kacamatan]], nu dibagi deui kana sababaraha [[désa]] jeung [[kalurahan]]. # Kacamatan Purwakarta # Kacamatan [[Jatiluhur, Purwakarta|Jatiluhur]] # Kacamatan [[Babakancikao, Purwakarta|Babakan Cikao]] # Kacamatan [[Bungursari, Purwakarta|Bungursari]] # Kacamatan [[Campaka, Purwakarta|Campaka]] # Kacamatan [[Cibatu, Purwakarta|Cibatu]] # Kacamatan [[Sukasari, Purwakarta|Sukasari]] # Kacamatan [[Maniis, Purwakarta|Maniis]] # Kacamatan [[Tegalwaru, Purwakarta|Tegalwaru]] # Kacamatan [[Paléréd, Purwakarta|Paléréd]] # Kacamatan [[Sukatani, Purwakarta|Sukatani]] # Kacamatan [[Darangdan, Purwakarta|Darangdan]] # Kacamatan [[Bojong, Purwakarta|Bojong]] # Kacamatan [[Wanayasa, Purwakarta|Wanayasa]] # Kacamatan [[Kiarapedes, Purwakarta|Kiarapedes]] # Kacamatan [[Pasawahan, Purwakarta|Pasawahan]] # Kacamatan [[Pondok Salam, Purwakarta|Pondoksalam]] Puseur pamaréntahan aya di [[Purwakarta, Purwakarta|Kacamatan Purwakarta]]. == Géograpi == Kabupatén Purwakarta sacara géograpis aya dian koordinat 107 <sup>o</sup> 30’ – 107<sup>o</sup>40’ Bujur Wétan jeung 6<sup>o</sup>45’ Lintang Kidul. Di beulah kulon kabupatén Purwakarta watesna jeung Kabupatén [[Kabupatén Karawang|Karawang]], di beulah kalér watesna jeung Kabupatén [[Kabupatén Subang|Subang]], di beulah kidul watesna jeung [[Kabupatén Bandung]], jeung di beulah kulon kidul watesna jeung [[Kabupatén Cianjur]]. Anu kacutat luas wilayah Kabupatén Purwakarta téh nyaéta aya 971,72 KM².<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bpmptsp.purwakartakab.go.id/index.php/79-pwk/86-mengenal-kab-pwkt|title=Mengenal Kabupaten Purwakarta|website=bpmptsp.purwakartakab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218113005/https://bpmptsp.purwakartakab.go.id/index.php/79-pwk/86-mengenal-kab-pwkt|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> ==Transportasi== Purwakarta diliwatan ku jalan utama [[Jakarta]]-[[Bandung]], sarta [[jalan tol]] [[Cipularang]] (Cikampék-Purwakarta-Padalarang). Kabupatén ieu ogé diliwatan ku jalur [[karéta api]] Cikampék-Bandung, nu numbukeun jalur kalér jeung jalur kidul. === Daptar Terminal === * Terminal Simpang * Terminal Ciganéa * Terminal Angkot Maracang === Trayék Angkutan Umum<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://portal.pariwisata.purwakartakab.go.id/angkot|title=Pariwisata Kab. Purwakarta - Angkot|website=portal.pariwisata.purwakartakab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222032215/https://portal.pariwisata.purwakartakab.go.id/angkot|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> === * '''08 Babakan Cikao - Pasawahan''' Babakan Cikao - Maracang - Jalan Kopi - Jalan Dukuh - Pérum Griya Mukti - Jalan Baru - Jalan Kemuning - Jalan Ipik Gandamanah - Tegal Munjul - Citalang - Warungkadu - Pasawahan<ref name=":2" /> * '''09 Ciganea - Service''' Terminal Ciganéa - Bunder - Cilegong - Jatiluhur - Service PP<ref name=":2" /> * '''03 Ciganea - Simpang''' Terminal Ciganea - Bunder - Jalan Pramuka - Jalan Basuki Rahmat - Jalan Kap. Halim - Jalan Siliwangi - Jalan KK Singawinata - Jalan Kap Halim - Jalan Siliwangi - Jalan KK. Singawinata - Jalan Sudirman - Jalan Taman Pahlawan - Jalan Ibrahim Singadilaga - Jalan Jénd. A. Yani - Jalan Basuki Rahmat - Jalan Pemuda - Terminal Ciganéa<ref name=":2" /> * '''07 Cilangkap - Simpang''' Cilangkap - Jalan Taman Pahlawan - Jalan Sudirman - Jalan KK Singawinata - Jalan Kapten Halim - Simpang - Jalan Kapten Halim - Jalan Basuki Rahmat - Jalan Jend. Ahmad Yani - Jalan Ibrahim Singadilaga - Pasar Leuwi Panjang - Jalan Kolam Renang - Jalan Taman Pahlawan - Cilangkap<ref name=":2" /> * '''05 Sadang - Ciganéa''' Sadang - J. Veteran - Jalan Sudirman - Jalan RE. Martadinata - Jalan Basuki Rahmat - Jalan Pemuda - Terminal Ciganea - Jalan Pramuka - Jalan Basuki Rahmat - Jalan Jend. Ahmad Yani - Jalan Ibrahim Singadilaga - Jalan Taman Pahlawan - Jalan Veteran - Sadang<ref name=":2" /> * '''01 Simpang - Sadang''' Simpang - Jalan Kap. Halim - Jalan Siliwangi - Jalan Sisingawinata - Jalan Sudirman - Jalan Suradireja - Jalan Ipikgandamanah - Sadang - Jalan Veteran - Jalan Sudirman - Jalan RE. Martadinata - Jalan Kap. Halim - Jalan SIliwangi - Simpang (Terminal Gembong)<ref name=":2" /> * '''02 Simpang - Sadang''' Simpang - Jalan Kap. Halim - Jalan RE. MArtadinata - Jalan Sudirman - Jalan Veteran - Sadang - Jalan Ipikgandamanah - Jl Surawinata - Jalan Sudirman - Jalan KK. Singawinata - Jalan Kap. Halim - Simpang<ref name=":2" /> ==Obyék Wisata== # [[Gambar:Another View of Jati Luhur.jpg|jmpl|Waduk Jatiluhur]][[Waduk Jatiluhur|'''Waduk Jatiluhur''']], nu ayana di beulah kuloneun kabupatén, mangrupa bendungan panggedéna di [[Jawa Kulon]]. Bendungan ieu ngabendung [[Walungan Citarum]], dipaké pikeun pangbangkit tanaga [[listrik]]. Sajaba ti éta, sabudeureun bendungan ogé bisa dipaké pikeun obyék wisata. # [[Gambar:Sunset di Waduk Cirata, Jawa Barat.jpg|jmpl|Waduk Cirata]]'''[[Waduk Cirata]],''' situ nu legana 62 km2 mibanda poténsi pangembangan perikanan maké [[karamba]]. Alamna éndah dikuriling ku pasir. # [[Gambar:Situ wanayasa 2011.jpg|jmpl|Situ Wanayasa]]'''[[Situ Wanayasa]],''' 23&nbsp;km ti [[Kota Purwakarta]], mibanda hawa nu tiis tur mialam. Di satukangeunnana ngajungkiring [[Gunung Burangrang]]. Situ Wanayasa jeung sabudeureunnana kacida poténsial pikeun dikembangkeun jadi [[Taman Rékréasi]] jeung [[Désa Wisata]]. # [[Situ Buleud|'''Situ Buleud''']], legana 4 ha aya di puseur kota, di tukangeunnana aya gedong kuno Karesidénan. Numutkeun carita, Situ Buleud baheulana mangrupa tempat "pangguyangan" Badak nalika Purwakarta masih kénéh mangrupa leuweung. # '''Gawir Boyér,''' salah sahiji tempat wisata anu alus keur popotoan mangrupakeun gawir batu anu aya di ujung waduk Jatiluhur, lokasina di Kampung Talun, Désa Tajursindang, Kacamatan Sukatani.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2020/11/01/070700827/25-tempat-wisata-di-purwakarta-wisata-alam-sampai-museum-canggih|title=25 Tempat Wisata di Purwakarta, Wisata Alam Sampai Museum Canggih Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224013440/https://travel.kompas.com/read/2020/11/01/070700827/25-tempat-wisata-di-purwakarta-wisata-alam-sampai-museum-canggih|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> # '''Parang Gombong''', di wisata ieu urang bisa ninggali panonpoé moncorong atawa titeuleum. Wisata ieu aya di Kutamanah, Sukasari. Salian ti éta aya paranti popotoan anu alus. # '''Gunung Bongkok''', gunung ieu cocok keur anu ngamimitian resep naék gunung ngan sauukur 985 meter anu ngabogaan durasi kurang leuwih dua jam naikan ditaekan. Puncakna mangrupa datar jeung batu tumpu anu aya di Cikandang. Di luhur puncakna urang bisa ninggali waduk Jatiluhur jeung Kabuaptén Purwakarta. # '''Pasir Langlang Panyawangan''', mangrupakeun leuweung pines anu bisa digunakeun keur kemping atawa sasapédahan. # '''Wanakula ''Camp'''''<nowiki/>'','' salah sahiji tempat kemping anu aya di Pusakamulya. Tempatna aya di suku Gunung Sunda anu luhurna kurang leuwih 700 mdpl. # '''Bukit Panénjoan''', baheulana ieu patempatan ngan sauukur lahan anu garing teu kauurus tapi saprak dikokolakeun bisa jadi mangrupa kebon entéh, sawah, imah warga, jeung sajabana. Lokasina aya di kampung Cinangka, désa Sindang Panon, kacamatan Bojong. # '''Wahangan Cidomas''', wahangan ieu katelah ku kaayaan cai na anu kacida herang jeung ngabogaan warna anu biru. Lokasina aya di kampung Babakan, desa Prakan Garokgék, kacamatan Kiarapedes. Wahangan Cidomas kacida alus keur leleson anu nawarkeun suasana anu asari jeung sejuk.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Gunung Lembu''', gunung ieu ngabogaan luhur 792 mdpl. Di luhur gunung Lembu urang bisa ninggali pamandangan waduk Jatiluhur, Gunung Parang, jeung Gunung Bongkok. Salian ti éta bisa ngadon kémping ngagunakeun ténda dibaturan ku hawa anu tiis. # '''Balé Indung Rahayu''', wangunan ieu mangrupakeun salah sahiji musium anu kakoncara di kabupatén Purwakarta. Eusi musium ieu nyaritakeun lengkah hirup manusa jeung ngajéntrékeun anu jadi indung. Musium ieu ditata kawalan éstétik jeung didukung ku téknologi digital. Lokasi musium ieu aya di Jalan R.E. Martadinata Nagri Tengah, kacamatan Purwakarta. Koléksi anu minuhan ieu musium mangrupa lukisan, poto, jeung sasabaraha rupa cococan budak baheula kawas congklak. Koléksi cocooan éta aya anu bisa ku urang diajaran. Salian ti éta musium ieu miboga miniatur imah has atawa adat Sunda, baju adat Sunda, waditra, pakakas dapur, jeung miniatur katuangan has Sunda. Kaleuwihan anu laianna ieu musium gratis.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Balé Panyawangan Diorama Nusantara,''' mangrupakeun salah sahiji musium anu aya di Kabupatén Purwakarta nau ngabogaan eusi wisata sajarah Nusantara ti ngamimitian prasajarah, karajaaan, panjajahan,kamerdékaan, jeung jaman kiwari. Musium ieu geus dilengkepan ku rupa-rupa pakakas digital kawas ''video mapping,'' layar cagap, buku digital, jeung ngabogaan alat keur jalan-jalan pirtual ku naék karéta kancana.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Balé Panyawangan Diorama Purwakarta,''' lokasina aya di Jalan K.K. Singawinata, Nagri Tengah, Kacamatan Purwakarta. Musium ieu mangrupakeun salah sahiji wisata édukasi anu dierona ngawanohkuen ka balaréa ngeunaan sajarah tatar Sunda, sajarah nasional, sajarah Purwakarta, inporpasi pajabat anu aya di Purwakarta ti wanci ka wanci, tempat wisata, sarta ngabogaan koléksi wayang.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Galéri Wayang,''' lokasina aya di komplék pamaréntah daérah kabupatén Purwakarta, munggaran di Jalan Gandanegara Nomer 25, Nagri Kidul, Kacamatan Purwakarta. Eusi galéri ieu némrés jeung ngaranna nembongkeun ruap-rupa wayang anu aya di Indonésia katut jeung sajarahna, kawasa wayang Betawi, wayang Cepak has Cirebon. wayang Sukét, nepi ka wayang klitik has Surabaya. Salian ti éta, nalika urang ulin ka galéri Wayang Purwakarta, urang bisa ngajaran cara ngagunakeun sasabaraha hiji wayang.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Curug Tilu,''' salah sahiji curug anu aya di kabupatén Purwakarta anu dibuka ti taun 2016. Dingaranan curug tilu sabab baheulana kasebut dideukeut curug éta aya tilu curug, ngan beuki kiwari éta curug anu dua ngaleungit, jadi tinggal hiji curug. Lokasina aya di desa Cirip, kacamatan Sukasar.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Curug Cipurut,''' curug ieu aya dikawasan Cagar Alam Gunung Burangrang di daerah kampung Cileungsing, desa Sumurugul, kacamatan Wanayasa. Curug Cipurut ieu ngabogaan luhur 25 méter jeung loba lukut.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Curug Cisomang,''' curug ieu aya di désa Sepok, kacamatan Darangdan. Curug ieu aya di handapeun sasak wates kacamatan Darangdan jeung Bandung Kulon. # '''Curug Suhada,''' lokasina aya di désa Sindanglaya, kacamatan Sukatani. Curug Suhada ngabogaan luhur 7 méter jeung henteu jauh ti Gunung Bongkok.<ref name=":3" /> # '''''Urban Farming,''''' lokasina aya di désa Bénténg, kacamatan Campaka. Tempat ieu mangruapkeun tempat pelatihan jeung édukasi patanian, tata kota, jeung temapt wisata. Di dieu wisatawan bisa ngurilingan kamung anu aya sawah, kebon sayur, jeung ternak ingon-ingon.<ref name=":3" /> # [[Gambar:Tumpukan KRL di Stasiun Purwakarta, 2017..jpg|jmpl|Stasion Purwakarta]]'''Bangké Karéta Stasion Purwakarta,''' lokasina aya di Nagri Tengah, Kacamatan Purwakarta. Tempat ieu ngabogaan gaya wangunan anu arsitéktur has Kolonial. Stasion ieu nyimpen bangké-bangké karéta anu geus teu kapaké diumpak-umpak nepi 7 méter luhurna anu katinggali rétro jeung antik. Henteu sagawayah wisatawan bisa abus ka ieu patempatan, sakur anu geus miboga ijin ka pihak stasion.<ref name=":3" /> # [[Gambar:Air mancur purwakarta.jpg|jmpl|Air Mancur Sri Baduga]]'''Taman Air Mancur Sri Baduga,''' tempat ieu nawarkeun atraksi air mancur anu alus tur éndah jeung pinuh ku warna. Lokasina aya di Jlan K. K. Singawinata, Nagri Kidul, Kacamatan Purwakarta. Air mancur ieu ngabogaan téknologi anu canggih mangrupa sinar laser anu bisa ngawentuk rupa-rupa animasi jeung épék caang anu nyieun kaéndahan anu nempo.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Cikao Park,''' lokasina aya di désa Cisalada, kacamatan Jatiluhur. Konsép wisata ieu nyaéta kaaripan lokal anu dijeroan aya wahana edukasi, kawas taman cai, taman ingon-ingon, jeung wahana séjénna.<ref name=":3" /> == Katuangan Has == === Simping === Simping mangrupakeun katuangan has Purwakarta anu ngabogaan rasa amis jeung gurih anu dijieun tina tipung tarigu jeung aci ditambahan ku sagala bumbu. Simping biasana buleun jeung gepéng, cocok dijadikeun oléh-oléh lamun ulin ka Kabupatén Purwakarta.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cekaja.com/info/ini-makanan-khas-purwakarta-paling-lezat-dan-bikin-nagih|title=Ini Makanan Khas Purwakarta Paling Lezat dan Bikin Nagih!|website=@CekAja|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222033715/https://www.cekaja.com/info/ini-makanan-khas-purwakarta-paling-lezat-dan-bikin-nagih|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> === Soto Sadang === Soto sadang teu béda jauh jeung soto-soto anu aya di Indonésia, soto sadang ieu nawarkeun rupa-rupa eusiana kawas daging hayam, babat, kulit, jeung buntut. aya dua rupa kuahna nyaéta dihérang atawa maké cipati.<ref name=":4" /> === Hayam Goréng Sajolna === Ciri has hayam goréng has Purwakarta ngaogaan rasa anu gurih jeung seungit. Teu béda jauh jeung hayam goréng anu lian tapi hayam goréng sajolna miboga rasa anu has anu kudu dicobaan sacara langsung di tempatna.<ref name=":4" /> === Coét Lauk Leutik === Purwakarta katelah ku katuangan anu diwadahan kana coét, salah sahijina lauk anu dibumbuan ku sambel cikur anu seger jeung pastina ngaruy keur di dahar.<ref name=":4" /> [[Gambar:Peuyeum.jpg|jmpl|Peuyeum Bendul]] === Peuyeum Bendul === Ngaran peuyeum bendul lantaran anu dagang peuyeum ieu aya di Jalan Bendul anu kurang leuwi aya dua kilométer sapapanjang jalan dagang éta peuyeum. Anu ngabédakeun jeung peuyeum Bandung, peuyeum bendul ngabogaan tekstur anu padet jeung leuwih amis.<ref name=":4" /> === Colénak Purwakarta === Colénak Purwakarta ieu teu béda jauh jeung anu di tempat séjén saru hasil modipikasi peuyeum nau dibeuleum tuluy ditambahkeun saos anu dijieun tina gulu beureum jeung kalapa anu disangrai.<ref name=":4" /> [[Gambar:Pepes ikan emas (pais lauk mas) Sunda.jpg|jmpl|Pais Purwakarta]] === Pais Purwakarta === Pais has Purwakarta ieu biasana eusi paisna ngagunakeun rupa-rupa lauk anu seger tuluy maké bumbu anu has.<ref name=":4" /> === Ès Ciming === Salah sahiji kainuman has Purwakarta anu eusina aya és serut, céndol, jéli, kalapa, cincau, jeung kacang héjo.<ref name=":4" /> [[Gambar:Sate Maranggi 3.jpg|jmpl|Saté Maranggi]] === Saté Maranggi === Saté maranggfi mangrupakeun saté has Kabupatén Purwakarta anu umumnya dijieun ku cara dikeueuman heula dina bumbu tuluy dibeuluem. Biasana saté maranggi dituang maké bumbu suuk.<ref name=":4" /> == Pangatikan == === Paguron luhur<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://datapendidikan.com:443/perguruan-tinggi/kab/purwakarta/|title=Daftar Lengkap Perguruan Tinggi di Kab. Purwakarta Beserta Alamatnya|last=PENDIDIKAN|first=DATA|website=DATA PENDIDIKAN|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-22}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222032213/https://www.datapendidikan.com/perguruan-tinggi/kab/purwakarta/ |date=2023-02-22 }}</ref> === * Akademi Akuntasi Perdana Mandiri * Akademi Kebidanan Bhakti Asih Purwakarta * Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer YPAT * Politeknik Perdana Mandiri * Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Dr Kh Ez Mutaqien * Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Wibawa Karta Raharja * Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Dr Kh Ez Mutaqien * Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukencana * Universitas Purwakarta * Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Kampus Daerah Purwakarta * Akademi Keperawatan RS Efarina * Politeknik Bhakti Asih Purwakarta * Politeknik Enjinering Indorama * Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al Badar Cipulus Purwakarta * Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Holistik * Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al Muhajirin Purwakarta * Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Dr KH Ez Mutaqien Purwakarta * Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Perdana Mandiri * Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi dan Statistika Indonesia Purwakarta * Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Purwakarta * Universitas Kartamulia Purwakarta === SMA/SMK/MA<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.umm.ac.id/id/pages/jawa-barat/data-sma-dan-smk-kab-purwakarta.html|title=Data SMA dan SMK Kab. Purwakarta {{!}} Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang|website=https://www.umm.ac.id/id/pages/jawa-barat/data-sma-dan-smk-kab-purwakarta.html|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222032213/https://www.umm.ac.id/id/pages/jawa-barat/data-sma-dan-smk-kab-purwakarta.html|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> === * MA Al-Ma'arif * MA Al-Musyarofah Darangdan * MA Karta Raharja * MA Nurul Fata * MAN Purwakarta * MAS Al-Huda * MAS Al-Manar * MAS Al-Muhajirin * MAS Al-Muthohhar * MAS Al-Irfan Ciganéa * MAS Al-Musyarofah * MAS Al-Mutaalimin * MAS Darul Hikmah * MAS Dr. KH. Ez. Muttaqien * MAS MAI Purwakarta * MAS Nurul Fata * MAS YPIA Cikeris * MAS YPMI Wanayasa * MAS YPPA Cipulus * SMA Al-Islam * SMA Nur Syafi'il Ummah * SMA Pasundan Pléréd * SMA Pasundan Purwakarta * SMA PGRI 2 Purwakarta * SMA PGRI 1 Purwakarta * SMA Sukatani 1 * SMALB Budi Utama * SMALBN Purwakarta * SMALB-YDBA Cibening * SMALBN Kapten Halim * SMAN 1 Bungursari * SMAN 1 Campaka * SMAN 1 Cibatu * SMAN 1 Darangdan * SMAN 1 Jatiluhur * SMAN 1 Manis * SMAN 1 Pasawahan * SMAN 1 Purwakarta * SMAN 1 Sukasari * SMAN 1 Sukatani * SMAN 1 Tegalwaru * SMAN 1 Wanayasa * SMAN 2 Purwakarta * SMAN 3 Purwakarta == Kaséhatan == === Puskésmas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asgar.or.id/health/layanan-kesehatan/daftar-puskesmas/daftar-puskesmas-di-kabupaten-purwakarta-provinsi-jawa-barat/|title=Daftar Puskesmas di Kabupaten Purwakarta Provinsi Jawa Barat|last=Jabar|first=Sunda Al|website=Organisasi Asgar|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223152751/https://asgar.or.id/health/layanan-kesehatan/daftar-puskesmas/daftar-puskesmas-di-kabupaten-purwakarta-provinsi-jawa-barat/|archivedate=2023-02-23}}</ref> === * Puskésmas Cibatu * Puskésmas Bungursari * Puskésmas Campaka * Puskésmas Marancang * Puskésmas Purwakarta * Puskésmas Mulyamekar * Puskésmas Sukatani * Puskésmas Darangdan * Puskésmas Wanayasa * Puskésmas Bojong * Puskésmas Kiarapedes * Puskésmas Pasawahan * Puskésmas Pondoksalam * Puskésmas Munjul Jaya * Puskésmas Jatiluhur * Puskésmas Tegalwaru * Puskésmas Maniis * Puskésmas Sukasari * Puskésmas Koncara * Puskésmas Pléréd === Rumah Sakit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.purwakartaonline.com/ragam/pr-4253194273/daftar-rumah-sakit-di-kabupaten-purwakarta-berikut-nomor-telepon-e-mail-kode-rumah-sakit-nama-direktur-dan|title=Daftar Rumah Sakit di Kabupaten Purwakarta, berikut nomor telepon, e-mail, kode rumah sakit, nama direktur dan - Purwakarta Online|last=Sugianto|first=Enjang|website=Daftar Rumah Sakit di Kabupaten Purwakarta, berikut nomor telepon, e-mail, kode rumah sakit, nama direktur dan - Purwakarta Online|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223151253/https://www.purwakartaonline.com/ragam/pr-4253194273/daftar-rumah-sakit-di-kabupaten-purwakarta-berikut-nomor-telepon-e-mail-kode-rumah-sakit-nama-direktur-dan|archivedate=2023-02-23}}</ref> === * Rumah Sakit Umum Daérah Bayu Asih * Rumah Sakit Umum Siloam Purwakarta * Rumah Sakit Umum MH. Tamrin * Rumah Sakit Umum Rama Hadi * Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Asri * Rumah Sakit Umum Amira * Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Dian * Rumah Sakit Umum Holistic * Rumah Sakit Umum Bhakti Husada II * Rumah Sakit Umum Karina Médika ==Tumbu luar== * {{id}} [http://www.purwakarta.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatén Purwakarta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017034221/http://www.purwakarta.go.id/ |date=2007-10-17 }} {{JaBar}} {{Kabupatén Purwakarta}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Purwakarta]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Jawa Kulon|Purwakarta]] [[Kategori:Artikel WikiMekar]] qg9f69mh0quqi9o9xv9eqts6k5wj6sh Kabupatén Subang 0 4765 729085 673617 2026-09-26T12:06:41Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 19 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dati2|nami=Kabupatén Subang |propinsi=[[Jawa Barat]] |ibukota=Subang |lega=2.051,76 km²<ref>{{cite book|title=Kabupaten Subang dalam Angka, 2021|year=2021|author=Badan Pusat Statistik|url=https://subangkab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/f1d7a04668f039f0216202e3/kabupaten-subang-dalam-angka-2021.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213155800/https://subangkab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/f1d7a04668f039f0216202e3/kabupaten-subang-dalam-angka-2021.html|archive-date=2022-02-13|accessdate=2023-02-24}}</ref> |pangeusi=1.595.320 (2020) |kapadetan=740 |kacamatan=30 |kalurahan=8 |désa=245 |penclut tertinggi=2.084 méter |penclut terendah=0 méter |kodearea=+62 260 |basa = [Basa Jawa|Jawa]]<br>[Basa Sunda|Sunda]]<br>[[Basa Indonésia|Indonésia]] |dau=Rp 1.221.080.162,00 {{small|(2021)}}<ref>{{cite document|author=DJPK Kemenkeu RI|url=https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DAU_rotated.pdf|title=Rincian Dana Alokasi Umum menurut Provinsi/Kabupaten/Kota Tahun Anggaran 2021|year=2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211121815/https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DAU_rotated.pdf|archive-date=2022-02-11|accessdate=2023-02-24}}</ref> |lambang= [[Gambar:Lambang Subang.jpg|80px]] |motto= Karya Utama Satya Nagara |peta= [[Gambar:Locator_kabupaten_subang.png]] |kordinat=107” 31’ - 107” 54’ bujur wétan jeung 6” 1’ - 6” 49’ lintang kidul |dasar hukum=UU No. 4 Tahun 1968 |tanggal=5 April 1968<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.subang.go.id/sejarah.php|title=Sejarah Kabupaten Subang|3=|access-date=2023-24-02|archive-date=2011-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225234306/http://www.subang.go.id/sejarah.php|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225234306/http://www.subang.go.id/sejarah.php |date=2011-12-25 }}</ref> |zona waktu=UTC+07:00 (WIB) |kode pos=412xx-412xx |pelat nomor=T xxxx |kapala daerah=[[Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah=H. Ruhimat, S.Pd., M.Si. |web=[http://www.subang.go.id http://www.subang.go.id] |foto=[[File:Tangkuban Parahu.jpg|200px]]|caption=Poto Kawah Tangkuban parahu nu dicandak taun 2008 |kapala daerah1=Wakil Bupati|nami kapala daerah1=Agus Masykur Rosyadi |kapala daerah2=Sekretaris Daérah|nami kapala daerah2=Asep Nuroni |kapala daerah3-Ketua DPRD|nami kapala dearah3=Narca Sukanda}} '''Kabupatén Subang''' ([[aksara Sunda]]: ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮥᮘᮀ) mangrupa hiji [[kabupatén]] di [[Propinsi]] [[Jawa Barat]], [[Indonésia]]. Ibukotana nyaéta '''Subang'''. Kabupatén ieu wawatesan jeung [[Laut Jawa]] di beulah kalér, [[Kabupatén Indramayu]] di beulah wétan, [[Kabupatén Sumedang]] di wétan kidul, [[Kabupatén Bandung]] di beulah kidul, sarta [[Kabupatén Purwakarta]] jeung [[Kabupatén Karawang]] di beulah kuloneunnana. Subang mangrupakeun salah sahiji wewengkon nu boga sajarah di Jawa Barat, di mana ieu tempat kungsi jadi lokasi [[Perjangjian Kalijati]] anu nandaan Walanda nyerahkeun wewengkon jajahanana ka Jepang. Lapangan udara di Kalijati ayeuna difungsikeun deui minagka pangkalan jeung palatihan pilot Angkatan Udara Indonésia. Lega Kabupatén Subang aya dina angka 2.051,76 km² atau 4,64 persén ti legana Propinsi Jawa Kulon. ==Babagian administratip== Nurutkeun Peraturan Daerah Kabupatén Subang Nomer 3 Taun 2007, Kabupatén Subang kawengku ku 30 [[kacamatan]], nu kabagi deui kana 245 [[désa]] jeung dalapan [[kalurahan]]. Puseur pamaréntahannana aya di Kacamatan [[Subang, Subang|Subang]]. == Asal usul == Panalungtik ayeuna keur nalungtik situs Nyai Subanglarang, nu dianggap asal muasal ngaran [[Subang, Subang|"Subang".]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/132896894/subang-larang-wanita-muslim-di-pajajaran-dalam-cerita-rakyat-subang|title=Subang Larang, Wanita Muslim di Pajajaran dalam Cerita Rakyat Subang - Semua Halaman - National Geographic|last=Pranata|first=Galih|website=nationalgeographic.grid.id|language=id|publication-date=4 Okotber 2021|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224003101/https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/132896894/subang-larang-wanita-muslim-di-pajajaran-dalam-cerita-rakyat-subang|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Nurutkeun kana [[carita rahayat]] anu mekar di masarakat, kecap "Subang" asalna tina ngaran wanoja dina ''[[Babad Siliwangi]]'', nyaéta [[Subanglarang]] atawa [[Subangkarancang]]. Dina carita ''Babad Pajajaran'', Subanglarang disebatkeun minangka salah sahiji santri anu diajar ka Syekh Datuk Quro. Subanglarang sorangan nyaéta putri Ki Jamatan Jati anu ditikah ku Radén Pamanahrasa atawa [[Prabu Siliwangi]] anu harita keur ngawasa jadi Raja Pajajaran.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Citra Kabupaten Subang dalam Arsip|publisher=Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia|year=2015|location=Jakarta|pages=2-4|url=https://www.anri.go.id/download/naskah-sumber-arsip-citra-daerah-kabupaten-subang-dalam-arsip-1586394339|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224041232/https://www.anri.go.id/download/naskah-sumber-arsip-citra-daerah-kabupaten-subang-dalam-arsip-1586394339|archive-date=2023-02-24|accessdate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Sumber séjénna nyebutkeun yén istilah Subang asalna ti kecap "Suweng" anu mangrupakeun istilah pikeun nyebut papaésan anu dipaké ku awéwé dina ceulina. Sedengkeun sumber séjén ogé nyebutkeun yén isitlah Subang asalna tina kecap "Kubang". Hal ieu dipercaya ku masarakat anu ngomongkeun baheula di wewengkon Subang, tepatna, di wewengkon Rawabadak aya genangan atawa tempat mandi [[badak]].<ref name=":4" /> == Sajarah == === Jaman prasejarah === Sajarah masarakat [[Sunda]] di [[Subang, Subang|Subang]] dibarengan ku bukti ayana kelompok masarakat dina jaman prasejarah di wewengkon Kabupatén Subang, nya éta kapanggihna kampak batu di wewengkon Bojongkeding (Binong), Pagadén, Kalijati jeung Dayeuhkolot (Sagalaherang).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6282699/sejarah-dan-asal-usul-kabupaten-subang-terekam-di-zaman-purba|title=Sejarah dan Asal Usul Kabupaten Subang: Terekam di Zaman Purba|last=Raihan|first=Muhammad Fadhil|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|publication-date=10-11-2022|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224003103/https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6282699/sejarah-dan-asal-usul-kabupaten-subang-terekam-di-zaman-purba|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Kapanggihna objék prasejarah anu polana neolitik nuduhkeun yén dina mangsa éta di [[Kabupatén Subang]] geus aya golongan masarakat anu hirup ti séktor pertanian kalayan pola anu basajan pisan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Daerah Jawa Barat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvR7CgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan|language=id|pages=17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224003059/https://books.google.com/books?id=dvR7CgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|archive-date=2023-02-24|accessdate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Salian ti éta, dina mangsa prasejarah ogé mekar pola kabudayaan parunggu anu ditandaan ku kapanggihna situs di Désa Engkel Kacamatan Sagalaherang. Jeung deui ayana bukti timuan kapak pasagi panjang, belincong, pacul, perimbas, jeung sajabana di Patenggeng jeung Pamanukan.<ref name=":0" /> === Mangsa sumebarna agama Hindu === Dina mangsa kabudayaan Hindu mekar, wewengkon Subang jadi bagian tina 3 karajaan, nyaéta [[Tarumanagara]], [[Karajaan Galuh|Galuh]] jeung [[Pakuan Pajajaran|Pajajaran]]. Dina mangsa pamaréntahan 3 karajaan éta, diperkirakeun ti wewengkon Kabupatén Subang aya kontak jeung sababaraha karajaan maritim di luar [[Nusantara]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/dpk/aktivitas-kemaritiman-masa-kerajaan-sunda/|title=Aktivitas Kemaritiman Masa Kerajaan Sunda|last=Saptono|first=Nanang|website=Direktorat Pelindungan Kebudayaan|publisher=Balai Arkeologi Jawa Barat|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224024624/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/dpk/aktivitas-kemaritiman-masa-kerajaan-sunda/|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Titinggal tina pecahan keramik ti [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok|Cina]], batu andesit, kerak beusi hideung, gerabah, jeung batu bata di Patenggeng ([[Kalijati, Subang|Kalijati]]) ngabuktikeun yén dina abad ka-10 nepi ka abad ka-15 geus aya kontak dagang jeung wewengkon nu jauh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-4890934/menyusuri-situs-patenggeng|title=Menyusuri Situs Patenggeng|last=Ning|first=Ratna|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|publication-date=8-02-2020|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224003100/https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-4890934/menyusuri-situs-patenggeng|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Sumber séjén nyebutkeun yén waktu harita wewengkon Subang aya dina kakawasaan [[Karajaan Sunda]]. Kasaksian Tome’ Pires, urang [[Portugal|Portugis]] anu ngumbara ngurilingan Nusantara, nétélakeun yén nalika ngalanglang basisir kalér Jawa, wewengkon wétaneun Walungan Cimanuk nepi ka [[Banten]] mangrupa wewengkon karajaan Sunda. === Mangsa sumebarna Islam === Datangna pangaruh [[Islam|kabudayaan Islam]] di wewengkon [[Subang, Subang|Subang]] teu leupas tina kalungguhan ulama pinunjul, Wangsa Goparana ti Talaga, [[Kabupatén Majalengka|Majalengka]]. Kira-kira taun 1530, Wangsa Goparana muka pakampungan anyar di Kampung Naga Beurit nu ayeuna jadi wewengkon[[Sagalahérang, Subang|Sagalaherang]]. Ti dinya Wangsa Goparana nyebarkeun agama Islam ka sagala rupa penjuru Subang, ngajadikeun Islam agama mayoritas di Kabupatén Subang nepi ka [[Kiwari (majalah)|kiwari]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pasundanekspres.co/jabar/subang/napak-tilas-inilah-jasa-wangsa-gofarana-dalam-penyebaran-islam-di-subang/|title=Napak Tilas, Inilah Jasa Wangsa Goparana dalam Penyebaran Islam di Subang|last=Huba|website=Pasundan Ekspres|language=id-ID|publication-date=17-08-2019|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224003100/https://www.pasundanekspres.co/jabar/subang/napak-tilas-inilah-jasa-wangsa-gofarana-dalam-penyebaran-islam-di-subang/|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> === Jaman Hindia Walanda === [[Gambar:Drie Indonesische vrijwilligers in een voertuig dat rijdt over spoorrails, Bestanddeelnr 3056.jpg|jmpl|Tilu relawan Indonésia dina kandaraan anu ngarambat dina rel karéta api taun 1949. Salah sahijina (nu di tengah) maké lambang pangkat KNIL jeung Brigade Macan di leungeun bajuna]] Sanggeus runtuhna [[Pakuan Pajajaran|karajaan Pajajaran]], wewengkon [[Subang, Subang|Subang]], kawas wewengkon séjén di [[Pulo Jawa]], jadi perjuangan pikeun rupa-rupa kakuatan. Kacatet karajaan-karajaan [[Banten|Banten,]] [[Mataram, Gading Rejo, Pringsewu|Mataram,]] [[Sumedanglarang]], [[Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie|VOC]], [[Inggris]] jeung Karajaan [[Walanda]] nyoba nimbulkeun pangaruh di wewengkon-wewengkon anu cocog pikeun wewengkon perkebunan sarta strategis pikeun ngahontal [[Batavia]]. Dina mangsa konflik Mataram-VOC, wewengkon Kabupatén Subang hususna di wewengkon kalér dijadikeun jalur logistik pasukan [[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa|Sultan Agung]] anu rék narajang Batavia.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/potongan-nostalgia/perjalanan-historis-kabupaten-subang|title=Perjalanan Historis Kabupaten Subang|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224012539/https://kumparan.com/potongan-nostalgia/perjalanan-historis-kabupaten-subang|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Waktu harita aya percampuran budaya antara Jawa jeung Sunda, sabab loba pasukan Sultan Agung anu gagal balik deui ka Mataram sarta netep di wewengkon Subang. Dina taun 1771, nalika aya dina kakawasaan Karajaan Sumedanglarang, di Subang, tepatna di Pagaden, Pamanukan, jeung Ciasem, kacatet aya hiji [[bupati]] maréntah turun-tumurun. Dina mangsa pamaréntahan [[Thomas Stamford Raffles|Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles]] (1811-1816) konsési pikeun kontrol lahan di wewengkon [[Subang, Subang|Subang]] dibikeun ka pausahaan swasta Éropa.<ref name=":1" /> Taun 1812 kacatet minangka awal kapamilikan lahan ku tuan tanah anu saterusna ngawangun pausahaan perkebunan Pamanoekan en Tjiasemlanden (P&T Lands).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/132992034/pw-hofland-seorang-belanda-yang-meletakkan-fondasi-kabupaten-subang|title=P.W. Hofland, Seorang Belanda yang Meletakkan Fondasi Kabupaten Subang|last=Pranata|first=Galih|website=nationalgeographic.grid.id|publisher=National Geographic Indonesia|language=id|publication-date=15-11-2021|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224012537/https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/132992034/pw-hofland-seorang-belanda-yang-meletakkan-fondasi-kabupaten-subang|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Kakuasaan kana lahan anu lega ieu tetep tetep sanajan kakawasaan parantos ngalih ka pamaréntahan Karajaan [[Walanda|Walanda.]]<ref name=":2" /> Lahan anu dikawasa ku otoritas perkebunan dina waktos éta ngahontal 212.900 ha. kalawan hak ''eigendom''. Pikeun ngalaksanakeun administrasi di ieu wewengkon, pamaréntah [[Walanda]] ngawangun kabupatén-kabupatén nu ngawasan kalurahan-kabupatén. Waktu harita wewengkon Subang dipingpin ku ''kontrilor'' BB (''bienenlandsch bestuur'') nu aya di [[Subang, Subang|Subang]]. === Mangsa kebangkitan nasional === [[Gambar:Landschap Soebang (Subang), Bestanddeelnr 3049.jpg|jmpl|287x287px|poto ti puncak wewengkon pagunungan di Subang taun 1949]] Teu réa catetan sajarah ngeunaan gerakan-gerakan awal abad ka-20 di [[Kabupatén Subang]]. Tapi sanggeus Kongrés Sarékat Islam di [[Bandung]] taun 1916 di Subang, cabang organisasi Sarékat Islam diadegkeun di [[Désa Pringkasap]] ([[Pabuaran, Sukabumi|Pabuaran]]) jeung di [[Sukamandijaya, Ciasem, Subang|Sukamandi]] (Ciasem). Saterusna, dina taun 1928 diadegkeun Paguyuban Pasundan anu dipupuhuan ku Darmodiharjo (pagawe kantor pos), jeung sekertarisna Odeng Jayawisastra (pagawe P&T Lands). Taun 1930, Odeng Jayawisastra jeung batur-baturna ngayakeun mogok di mesin cetak P&T Lands anu samentawis lumpuh mesin cetak. Hasilna, Odeng Jayawisastra dipecat jadi pagawé P&T Lands. Saterusna, Odeng Jayawisastra jeung Tohari ngadegkeun cabang Partéy Nasional Indonésia anu berpusat di Subang. Samentara éta, Darmodiharjo dina taun 1935 ngadegkeun cabang Nahdlatul Ulama anu dituturkeun ku cabang [[Parindra]] jeung [[Partindo]] di [[Subang, Subang|Subang.]] Nalika Gabungan Politik Indonésia (GAPI) di Jakarta nungtut supaya Indonésia boga parlemén, diayakeun rapat akbar GAPI Cabang Subang di Bioskop Sukamandi pikeun ngajukeun tungtutan sarupa GAPI Pusat. === Jaman pendudukan Jepang === Pendaratna pasukan [[Angkatan Laut (One Piece)|angkatan laut]] [[Jepang]] di basisir Eretan Wétan tanggal 1 Maret 1942 dituluykeun ku ngarebut pangkalan udara Kalijati. Karebutna pangkalan ieu jadi catetan misah dina sajarah pamaréntahan [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia]] Walanda, sabab teu lila ti harita tentara [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walanda]] nyerah ka tentara [[Jepang]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxwAEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|publisher=Alprin|date=2020-09-30|isbn=978-623-263-530-2|language=id|first=Amelia|last=F|pages=3-4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224012537/https://books.google.com/books?id=JxwAEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|archive-date=2023-02-24|accessdate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Ku kituna, Hindia Walanda di [[Nusantara]] langsung murag ka leungeun tentara penjajahan [[Jepang|Jepang.]] Para pajuang dina mangsa penjajahan Walanda nuluykeun perjuangan ngaliwatan jero taneuh. Dina mangsa penjajahan Jepang, Sukandi (guru Landschbouw), R. Kartawiguna, jeung Sasmita ditéwak jeung dipaéhan ku soldadu [[Jepang|Jepang.]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-02-23|title=Kabupaten Subang|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Subang&oldid=23002919|language=id}}</ref> === Jaman merdeka Indonésia === [[Proklamasi Kamerdékaan Indonésia]] di Jakarta ngahasilkeun rupa-rupa badan perjuangan di [[Subang, Subang|Subang,]] diantarana Badan Kaamanan Rahayat (BKR), API, Pesindo, Lasykar Uruh, jeung sajabana, réa anggota badan perjuangan ieu anu saterusna jadi anggota. TNI. Nalika pasukan KNIL balik nempatan [[Bandung Kulon, Bandung|Bandung,]] para pajoang di [[Subang, Subang|Subang]] nyanghareupanana ngaliwatan dua front, nyaeta hareup kidul (Lembang) jeung hareup kulon (Gunung Putri jeung Bekasi). Taun 1946, [[Karesidenan Jakarta]] berpusat di [[Subang, Subang|Subang.]] Pilihan wewengkon ieu tangtu dumasar kana tinimbangan strategi perjuangan. Nu nyicingan kahiji nyaéta Sewaka nu saterusna jadi [[Gubernur Jawa Barat]]. Lajeng Kusnaeni ngaganti anjeunna. Dina bulan Désémber 1946 Kosasih Purwanegara diangkat, tanpa ngaleungitkeun Kusnaéni tina kalungguhanana. Teu lila ti harita, Mukmin ogé diangkat jadi wakil residen. Dina mangsa gerilya mangsa [[Agrési Militér Walanda I|Agresi Militer Walanda I]], padumukna teu pernah jauh ti Subang, nurutkeun garis komando pusat. Bareng jeung para pajoang, harita warga cicing di wewengkon [[Songgom, Brebes|Songgom,]] Surian jeung [[Ciménténg, Cijambé, Subang|Cimenteng.]] Dina tanggal 26 Oktober 1947 Residen Kosasih Purwanagara ninggalkeun [[Subang, Subang|Subang]] sarta para pajabat Residen Mukmin anu ninggalkeun [[Kabupatén Purwakarta|Purwakarta]] dina tanggal 6 Pebruari 1948 teu kungsi ngirim warta ka wewengkon perjuangan maranéhanana. Hal ieu nyababkeun pasamoan dilaksanakeun dina 5 April 1948 di [[Cimanggu, Sukabumi|Cimanggu,]] [[Désa Cimenteng]]. Dina kapamingpinan Karlan, rapat mutuskeun:<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.subang.go.id/profil/sejarah|title=Sejarah - Kabupaten Subang|website=www.subang.go.id|publisher=Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Subang|accessdate=24-02-2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206213741/https://subang.go.id/profil/sejarah|archivedate=2023-02-06}}</ref> # Hiji Wakil Residen Mu'min diangkat jadi [[Residen]] dumasar di wewengkon gerilya [[Purwakarta]]. # Wewengkon Karawang Wétan jadi [[Kabupatén Karawang]] Wétan kalayan bupatina anu kahiji, Danta Gandawikarma. # Wewengkon Karawang Barat jadi [[Kabupatén Karawang Barat]] jeung [[bupati]] kahiji nya éta [[Imam Syafi'i|Syafei.]] Wewengkon Kabupatén Karawang Wétan kiwari jadi wewengkon [[Kabupatén Subang]] jeung Kabupatén [[Purwakarta, Purwakarta|Purwakarta.]] Dina waktos éta, éta dua daérah dingaranan [[Kabupatén Purwakarta]] kalayan ibu kotana Subang. Penetapan ngaran [[Kabupatén Karawang Wétan]] dina tanggal 5 April 1948 dijadikeun momentum lahirna [[Kabupatén Subang]] anu saterusna ditangtukeun ngaliwatan SK DPRD No.: 01/SK/DPRD/1977.<ref name=":3" /> ==Transportasi== Kabupatén ieu diliwatan ku jalur [[pantura]], sedengkeun ibu<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tanah Keramat Indramayu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4yVOEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|publisher=Guepedia|isbn=978-623-309-557-0|language=id|last=Kusyoto|pages=46|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224070305/https://books.google.com/books?id=4yVOEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|archive-date=2023-02-24|accessdate=2023-02-24}}</ref>kota Kabupatén Subangna mah henteu kaliwatan ku ieu jalur. Jalur pantura di Kabupatén Subang mangrupa salah sahiji jalur anu pangraména di [[Pulo Jawa]]. Kota kacamatan nu aya dina jalur ieu di antarana [[Ciasem, Subang|Ciasem]] jeung [[Pamanukan, Subang|Pamanukan]]. Kabupatén Subang ogé diiliwatan ku jalur alternatif nuju ka Bandung, Cirebon atawa Tasikmalaya. Lintas Subang - Bandung ngaliwatan Kalijati beuki dipikaresep ku ''pengemudi'' sabab jalanna alus jeung bébas halangan, komo deui ti saprak dibukana Gerbang Tol Kaluar di daérah Sadang. Sisimpangan Jalancagak mangnrupakeun sisimpangan nu stratégis sabab ti sisimpangan ieu bisa nepi ka Bandung - Sumedang - Sadang ngaliwatan Wanayasa jeung Kota Subangna sorangan. ==Pangeusi== Pangeusi Subang umumna mangrupa [[Suku Sunda]], nu ngagunakeun [[Basa Sunda]] minangka basa sapopoéna. Tapi sanajan kitu oge, sawaréh kacamatan nu aya di basisir jeung kacamatan-kacamatan di sapanjang walungan Cipunegara nu nyabeulahan Kabupatén Indramayu mah pangeusina ngagunakeun basa Cirebon nu rada sarua jeung basa Cirebon [[Dialék Indramayu]] (''Dermayon'').<ref name=":4" /> Mayoritas pangeusi Kabupatén Subang ngagem ageman [[Islam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://subangkab.bps.go.id/statictable/2015/09/25/73/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama-yang-dianut-di-kabupaten-subang-tahun-2013.html|title=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Subang|website=subangkab.bps.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224070305/https://subangkab.bps.go.id/statictable/2015/09/25/73/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama-yang-dianut-di-kabupaten-subang-tahun-2013.html|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> === Budaya === Budaya anu mekar di Subang téh rupa-rupa; kahiji aya [[Nadran]], Nadran mangrupakeun upacara adat husus pikeun [[pamayang]] anu lumangsung di basisir kalér Pulo Jawa pikeun ngedalkeun rasa sukur lantaran geus néwak lauk di dinya sarta ngaharepkeun bisa nyegah kacilakaan nalika balayar di [[Sagara|laut]]. Aya deui [[Ruwatan Bumi]]. Ruwatan Bumi nyaéta upacara adat pikeun masarakat agraris nu cicing di Désa Banceuy Wangunharja. Upacara ieu mangrupakeun wujud rasa sukur kana panén anu berlimpah, ekspresi rasa sukur ka karuhun, sarta pikeun ngajauhan bahaya pikeun taun kahareupna. Nurutkeun masarakat satempat, upacara ieu geus jadi budaya masarakat Subang ti taun 1800 Masehi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.faktaindonesianews.com/?arsip=3687&judul=tradisi-ruwat-bumi-warisan-budaya-nenek-moyang-di-subang|title=Tradisi Ruwat Bumi Warisan Budaya Nenek Moyang di Subang|last=Susilo|first=Puji Prio|website=https://www.faktaindonesianews.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224071807/https://www.faktaindonesianews.com/?arsip=3687&judul=tradisi-ruwat-bumi-warisan-budaya-nenek-moyang-di-subang|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Nu laina nyaéta aya Sisingaan. [[Sisingaan]] nyaéta salah sahiji ikon masarakat Subang, anu biasana lumangsung sakaligus jeung acara-acara [[Khitan|khitanan]]. Ngaran Sisingaan biasana disebut ogé ku Gotong Singa atawa Odong-odong.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://petabudaya.belajar.kemdikbud.go.id/Repositorys/sisingaan/|title=Sisingaan|website=Rumah Belajar|publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia|accessdate=24-02-2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224072721/https://petabudaya.belajar.kemdikbud.go.id/Repositorys/sisingaan/|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Asalna, Sisingaan teh ngan saukur tarian pikeun ngaislamkeun hiji budak sangges proses khitanan. Nurutkeun masarakat satempat, harti filosofis tina Sisingaan nyaéta budak leutik bisa ngelehkeun maung, dimana ieu [[maung]] ngarujuk ka pangjajah [[Walanda]] jeung [[Inggris]] nu boga lambang [[nagara]] nu sarua siga maung. Dina hiji sumber disebutkeun upacara adat ieu ges aya ti taun 1910. Dina kamekaranana, Tari Sisingaan lain ngan ukur dilaksanakeun dina waktu khitanan, tapi ogé minangka ekspresi kabungah dina acara-acara penting lainna misalna upacara pelantikan aparat désa atawa ngabagéakeun tamu-tamu penting anu keur berkunjung.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Seni dan Budaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YhadepD2zwwC&newbks=0&hl=en|publisher=PT Grafindo Media Pratama|isbn=978-979-758-370-5|language=id|pages=137|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224070303/https://books.google.com/books?id=YhadepD2zwwC&newbks=0&hl=en|archive-date=2023-02-24|accessdate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Ayeuna pamaréntah Kabupatén Subang ngayakeun festival husus Tari Sisingaan dina tanggal 5 April unggal tauna sakaligus miéling poé ulang taun Kabupatén Subang.<ref name=":5" /> ==Géograpi== Beulah kidul wilayah Kabupatén Subang mangrupa dataran luhur/pagunungan, sedengkeun beulah kalérna mangrupa dataran handap nu nuju langsung ka Laut Jawa. Sacara umum, Kabupatén Subang dikuriling ku iklim [[tropis]], barina ogé di Subang teh boga lahan nu subur jeung loba walungan, Hal ieu ngajadikeun mayoritas masarakat Kabupatén Subang ngandelkeun séktor agraris jeung [[tatanén]] pikeun minhuan anu jadi pangabutuh sapopoéna. Fasilitas siga waduk di Cipunegara diwangun ti jaman pangjajahan [[Walanda]] pikeun ngalirkeun cai ka sawah-sawah di dinya.<ref name=":4" /> === Lokasi === Kabupatén Subang sacara géografis ayana di beulah kalér Propinsi Jawa Barat kalawan wates koordinat antara 1070 31' - 1070 54' Bujur Wétan jeung 60 11' - 60 49' Lintang Kidul. Wates géografis wewengkonna nyaéta kieu: Beulah kidul: Kabupatén Bandung Barat. Kulon: Kabupatén Purwakarta jeung Karawang. Di kalér: Laut Jawa. Wétan: Kabupatén Indramayu jeung Sumedang. Legana Kabupatén Subang téh 2.051,76 km2 atawa kira-kira 6,34 persén tina wewengkon Propinsi Jawa Barat. Luhurna antara 0 - 1500 m dpl.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.subang.go.id/profil/letak-geografis|title=Letak Geografis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203000954/https://subang.go.id/profil/letak-geografis|archive-date=2022-12-03|access-date=2023-02-28}}</ref> ==Ékonomi== Ku sabab lolobana pangeusina boga panghasilan utama minangka patani jeung buruh pakebonan, nu matak paékonomian Subang loba kénéh ditunjang ku séktor patanian. Di Subang beulah kidul loba aréa pakebonan, saperti karét di beulah kulon kalér jeung kebon téh anu kacida legana. Subang dipikawanoh minangka salah sahiji daérah nu ngahasilkeun [[ganas]], utamana [[Ganas Madu]]. Ganas Madu bisa dipanggihan di sapanjang Jalancagak. [[Dodol ganas]] ti [[Jalan Cagak]], [[kiripik sampeu]] jeung [[selé]] ti [[Tanjung Siang]] atanapi noga bodas ti [[Serang Panjang]] mangrupa kadaharan hasil industri rumah tangga nu bisa dijadikeun oleh-oleh. Ngaliwatan program binaan Yayasan Kandaga, para patani keur ngabudidayakeun supa ''tiram'', lauk nilem di désa Cipunagara. ==Pendidikan== lolobana pangeusi Kabupatén Subang ngan saukur sakola tepi ka Sakola Dasar, antukna pikeun ngagerakkeun paékonomian rayat diperlukeun katerampilan. {{Bagian-pondok}} == Kaséhatan == Ngawujudkeun masarakat anu séhat, tanpa ngabédakeun jenis kelamin lalaki atawa awéwé mangrupa salah sahiji tujuan [[pangwangunan nasional.]] Ku lantaran kawatesanan dana, sarana jeung prasarana [[Pamaréntahan daérah|pamaréntah]], dina prakna pangwangunan kaséhatan disusun dumasar kana prioritas utama anu rék dihontal. Kusabab kitu hasilna bisa jadi teu sarua dirasakeun ku sakumna lapisan masyarakat. Pamaréntah [[Kabupatén Subang]] geus ngalaksanakeun rupa-rupa usaha pikeun ngaronjatkeun kaséhatan masarakat. Utamana ngaronjatkeun kaséhatan masarakat miskin ku dilaksanakeunana Jamkesmas, Jamkesda, jeung jaminan séjénna.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-02-23|title=Kabupaten Subang|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Subang&oldid=23002919|language=id}}</ref> == Angkutan == [[Tol Cipali]] dua persimpangan nyaéta Kalijati sareng [[Subang, Subang|Subang]] KA Haurgeulis Cikampek-Haurgeulis Cikampek-Cirebon Prujakan Angkutan kota pikeun wewengkon [[Kabupatén Subang]] jeung sababaraha jalur anu ngahubungkeun [[Kabupatén Purwakarta]] jeung [[Kabupatén Karawang|Kabupatén Karawang.]] '''Stasiun''' Kabupatén Subang miboga 7 stasion karéta api [[Haurgeulis, Bantarujeg, Majalengka|Hargeulis]] anu masih kénéh beroperasi, diantarana: Stasion Tanjungrasa Stasion Pabauan Stasion Pringkasap Stasion Pasirbungur Stasion Cikaum Stasion Pegadén Anyar Stasion Cipunegara Salian ti éta, Kabupatén Subang ogé ngabogaan 2 stasion anu eureun beroperasi alatan vandalisme, nyaéta: Stasion Gambarsari Stasion Cipicung '''Angkutan cai''' Palabuhan Patimban mangrupa palabuan panggedéna di Kabupatén ieu, terpadu jeung jalan tol Cikopo-Palimanan, kaluar tol Subang. ==Pariwisata== # Ciater. Di antara gomplokna pakebonan [[entéh]], di wilayah kidul, Kabupatén Subang boga sumber cai panas nu terus ngalir di daérah Ciater. Sari Ater mangrupa tujuan wisata nu kacida kakoncarana alatan kahasan tur karaméannana nalika usum pakansi utamana peré [[Lebaran]]. Sari Ater salian ti nyadiakeun balong pamandian cai panas, ogé mibanda panginepan-panginepan nu dipikanyaho minangka Saung Kabayan, cocok keur kulawarga nu hayang liburan. # Klinik kabugaran (Spa) cai panas aya di caketeun obyék wisata Sari Ater. # Curug Cijalu. Curug Cijalu aya di daerah Sagalahérang, mangrupa tujuan wisata alam curug nu mibanda pamandangan nu éndah, ngan hanjakal can dikelola kalayan serieus # Curug Ciléat nu aya di Kacamatan Cisalak, ogé can dibebenah. # Monumén Perjuangan 45. Ciseupan, Désa Cibuluh, Kec. Tanjungsiang. # Situ Cigayonggong. kacamatan Kasomalang. == Rujukan == <references /> ==Tumbu Luar== * [http://www.indonesia.go.id Portal Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203203120/http://indonesia.go.id/ |date=2012-02-03 }} * [http://www.jabarprov.go.id Ramatloka Jawa Barat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227110159/https://www.jabarprov.go.id/ |date=2022-02-27 }} * [http://www.subang.go.id Ramatloka Resmi] * [http://www.kotasubang.com Ramatloka Perkawis Subang - Kotasubang.com] {{JaBar}} {{Kabupatén Subang}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Subang| ]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Jawa Kulon]] [[Kategori:Artikel WikiMekar]] 0gyp80yl2f7sewj9c5ocz1c7wzvwyvf Kabupatén Sukabumi 0 4766 729086 679258 2026-09-26T12:07:29Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 54 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = {{raise|0.1em|Kabupatén Sukabumi}} | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{lang|su|ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ}}}} | native_name_lang = su | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Daptar kabupatén jeung kota di Indonésia|kabupatén]] | translit_lang1 = Liané | translit_lang1_type2 = [[Basa Sunda]] | translit_lang1_info2 = {{lang|su|ᮞᮥᮊᮘᮥᮙᮤ}} | translit_lang1_type1 = [[Basa Indonésia]] | translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|id|kabupatén Sukabumi}} | translit_lang1_type4 = [[Basa Inggris]] | translit_lang1_info4 = {{lang|en|Sukabumi Regency}} | translit_lang1_type3 = | translit_lang1_info3 = | image_skyline = Karanghawu Beach.jpg | image_caption = Basisir Karanghawu di Palabuan Ratu | image_flag = | image_seal = Lambang Kab Sukabumi.svg | nickname = {{lang-su|Kota Ratu Kidul}} | motto = | image_map = Map of West Java highlighting Sukabumi Regency.svg | mapsize = | map_caption = Lokasi di [[Jawa Kulon]] | pushpin_map = Indonesia kabupatén Sukabumi#Indonesia Jawa Kulon#Indonesia Java#Indonesia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Kabupatén Sukabumi |latd=6 |latm=59 |lats=14.2 |latNS=S |longd=106 |longm=33 |longs=3.94 |longEW=E | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_format = dms | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Daptar nagara|Nagara]] | subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|Indonésia|size=23px}}}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Régional di Indonésia|Région]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Jawa]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Propinsi]] | subdivision_type3 = ibukota | subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of West Java (vectorised).svg|size=23px}} [[Jawa Kulon]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Palabuhanratu]] | established_title = Netep | established_date = 1 Juni 1921 | established_title1 = Dasar hukum | established_date1 = ''[[Berita negara|Staatsblad]]'' 1914 no. 256 | parts_type = | parts = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | governing_body = Pamaréntah Daérah Kabupatén Sukabumi | leader_title = Bupati | leader_name = [[Marwan Hamami]] | leader_title1 = Wakil bupati | leader_name1 = Iyos Somantri | leader_title2 = Sekretaris Daerah | leader_name2 = Ade Suryaman | leader_title3 = Ketua DPRD | leader_name3 = Yudha Sukmagara | total_type = Total | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite book|title=Kabupaten Sukabumi dalam Angka 2021|url=https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/41135c1ab6fed195f7af76bf/kabupaten-sukabumi-dalam-angka-2020.html|year=2021|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203020017/https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/41135c1ab6fed195f7af76bf/kabupaten-sukabumi-dalam-angka-2020.html|archive-date=2022-02-03|accessdate=2023-02-28}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 4145 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 3019 | elevation_ft = | population_total = 2571890 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = Démografi | demographics1_title1 = {{nowrap|[[Grup étnis]]}} | timezone1 = [[Wanci di Indonésia|Indonésia Bagéan Kulon]] | utc_offset1 = +7 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = [[Daptar kode pos di Indonésia|Kode pos]] | postal_code = 43100-43300 | area_code = +62266 | area_code_type = [[Daptar kode telepon di Indonésia|Kode aréa]] | registration_plate = F ''xxxx'' Q*/U**/V* | blank_name_sec1 = [[Indéks Pangwangunan Manusa|IPM]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{steady}} 71,4 {{small|(2019)}}<br> {{fontcolor|green|Tinggi}} | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | blank1_name_sec2 = | blank1_info_sec2 = | dau = Rp1.331.012.058.000,00 <small>(2013)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2013/bulan/02/tanggal/04/id/873/|title=Perpres No. 10 Tahun 2013|date=2013-02-04|accessdate=2023-02-28|archive-date=2013-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214064515/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2013/bulan/02/tanggal/04/id/873|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214064515/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2013/bulan/02/tanggal/04/id/873 |date=2013-02-14 }}</ref> | website = {{URL|www.sukabumikab.go.id}} | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = | demographics1_info2 = | pushpin_label = Kabupatén Sukabumi | registration_plate_type = [[pelat STNK Indonésia|Régistrasi tutumpakan]] }} {{Kotak info|title=Kabupatén Sukabumi|titlestyle=background:#ccf; font-size:10;|above=Harti Lambang|abovestyle=background:#ccf; font-size:5;|image=[[File:Logo Kabupaten Sukabumi.JPG|Logo Kabupaten Sukabumi | 100px]]|label1=Lambang Pariséy|data1=Ngagambarkeun panglindungan pamaréntah daérah ka Pangeusi jeung sakabéh kabeungharan alam di wewengkon Kabupatén Sukabumi.|labelstyle=font-size:5;|label2=Warna Hideung|data2=Langgeng tur abadi|label3=Gambar Takikan Karét jeung Daun Entéh|data3=Poténsi komoditi kana hasik kebon|label4=Gambar Kujang|data4=Pusaka Pajajaran anu baheula ngawasa di bumi Parahyangan, kaasup ogé Kabupatén Sukabumi|label5=Motto|data5=Gemah Ripah Loh Jinawi ngandung harti Subur makmur wibawa mukti.}} '''Kabupatén Sukabumi''' nyaéta hiji [[Kabupatén]] di [[Propinsi]] [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Indonésia]]. Ibukotana nyaéta [[Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi|Palabuhanratu]]. Kabupatén ieu kawates ku [[Kabupatén Bogor]] di [[kalér]], [[Kabupatén Cianjur]] di [[wétan]], [[Samudra Hindia]] di [[kidul]], ogé [[Kabupatén Lebak]] di béh [[kulon]]. Kabupatén Sukabumi jadi [[kabupatén]] panglegana kadua di [[Pulo Jawa]], sanggeus [[Kabupatén Banyuwangi]] di [[Jawa Wétan]]. Salah sahiji tempat wisata anu kawéntar di Kabupatén Sukabumi nyaéta [[Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi|Palabuhanratu]], lian ti kaéndahan [[Alam|alamna]] ogé kawéntar ku [[Dongéng|carita dongéngna]] ngeunaan [[Nyi Roro Kidul|Nyi Roro Kidul.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/profil-kabupaten-sukabumi-sejarah-letak-geografis-dan-peta-gAzt|title=Profil Kabupaten Sukabumi: Sejarah, Letak, Geografis, dan Peta|last=Ramdhan|first=Fajri|website=tirto.id|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211113533/https://tirto.id/profil-kabupaten-sukabumi-sejarah-letak-geografis-dan-peta-gAzt|archivedate=2023-02-11}}</ref> Kabupatén Sukabumi ngadeg kaping 1 [[Oktober]] 1945. Hal ieu dumasar kana kajadian nalika seuweu-siwi nonoman Sukabumi suksés ngarebut kakawasaan [[Jepang]], sanggeus éléh ti Sakutu. Nonoman Sukabumi berhasil ngabébaskeun tahanan [[pulitik]], ngawasa sababaraha puseur tempat, kawas PLN, [[kantor]] [[telepon]], [[Emas|tambang emas]], nepi ka gudang [[sanjata]]. Ku kituna, tiap kaping 1 Oktober ditetepkeun jadi hari jadi Kabupatén Sukabumi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.suara.com/read/2021/11/25/111653/sekilas-sejarah-kabupaten-sukabumi-kabupaten-terluas-kedua-di-pulau-jawa|title=Sekilas Sejarah Kabupaten Sukabumi, Kabupaten Terluas Kedua di Pulau Jawa|last=Ariefana|first=Pebriansyah|website=suara.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211140432/https://jabar.suara.com/read/2021/11/25/111653/sekilas-sejarah-kabupaten-sukabumi-kabupaten-terluas-kedua-di-pulau-jawa|archivedate=2023-02-11}}</ref> Hari lahir Kabupatén Sukabumi masih jadi sawala, lantaran nalika nyalusur dokumén sajarah di kaping 10 Séptémber taun 1870 aya dokumén surat anu eusina aya anu ngawanohkeun kecap "patih" atawa lamun ayeuna dihartikeun jadi Bupati Sukabumi, anu asli urang Sukabumi lain dipingpin ku bangsa deungeun (Walanda). Dumasar hasil sawala jeung ahli sajarah, di taun 2018 Bupati Sukabumi netepkeun dina Peraturan Daérah No. 14 taun 2018 ngeunaan hari jadi Kabupatén Sukabumi di 10 Séptember 1870.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarsukabumi.com/kabupaten-sukabumi/hut-kabupaten-sukabumi-ke-149-meluruskan-sejarah-hari-jadi-kabupaten-sukabumi/,%20https://radarsukabumi.com|title=HUT Kabupaten Sukabumi ke 149, Meluruskan Sejarah Hari Jadi Kabupaten Sukabumi {{!}} Radar Sukabumi|last=Radar|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-12}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Visi jeung Misi == [[Gambar:Peta sukabumi.jpg|jmpl|Wilayah Kabupatén Sukabumi]] '''Visi''' pamaréntah Kabupatén Sukabumi nyaéta: "Ngalaksanakeun Kabupatén Sukabumi anu Religius jeung Mandiri"<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://jdih.sukabumikab.go.id/v1/profil/detail/37/visi-misi|title=Visi Misi {{!}} JDIH (Jaringan Dokumentasi dan Informasi Hukum) Kabupaten Sukabumi|last=Sukabumi|first=Bagian Hukum Kab|website=JDIH.SUKABUMIKAB.GO.ID|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221113254/http://jdih.sukabumikab.go.id/v1/profil/detail/37/visi-misi|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> '''Misi''' pamaréntah Kabupatén Sukabumi nyaéta:<ref name=":6" /> # Ngaronjatkeun kamerdikaan ékonomi masarakat dumasar kana poténsi ékonomi lokal ngaliwatan séktor agribisnis, pariwisata jeung industri anu berwawasan lingkungan; # Ngawujudkeun Sumber Daya Manusa anu kompetitif jeung religius # Ngawujudkeun pamaréntahan anu bersih jeung profésional # Ngaoptimalkeun palayanan masarakat hususna dina widang kaséhatan, pendidikan jeung prasarana daérah. == Sajarah == ===== Sistem Pamaréntahan ti Kapatihan jadi Kabupatén ===== [[Gambar:Cibitung, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia - panoramio (2).jpg|jmpl|Daérah Cibitung, Kabupatén Sukabumi]] Kabupatén Sukabumi nalika mangsa [[Pamaréntahan daérah|pamaréntahan]] [[Hindia-Walanda]] masih kénéh ngahiji jeung [[Kabupatén Cianjur]], bagéan tina Karésidénan [[Priangan]]. Taun [[1776]] [[Bupati]] [[Kabupatén Cianjur|Cianjur]] kagenep, anu jenenganana Raden Noh Wiratanudatar VI ngawangun Kapatihan ''Tjikolé''. anu miboga genep distrik nyaéta ''Tjimahi, Tjitjoeroeg, Goenoengparang, Tjieheolang, Djampangtengah,'' jeung ''Djampangkoelon''. Puseur pamaréntahanana aya di ''Tjikolé'' ([[Kota Sukabumi]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jurnalmediaindonesia.com/2019/09/napak-tilas-berdirinya-kabupaten.html|title=Napak Tilas Berdirinya Kabupaten Sukabumi|last=Faisal|first=|accessdate=2023-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211143229/http://www.jurnalmediaindonesia.com/2019/09/napak-tilas-berdirinya-kabupaten.html|archivedate=2023-02-11}}</ref> Dina tanggal 13 Januari [[1815]], Kapatihan ''Tjikolé'' diganti ngaranna jadi Kapatihan ''Soekaboemi''. [[Ngaran]] ''Soekaboemi'' diajengkeun ku Dr. Andries de Wilde, hiji ahli bedah anu mibanda usaha [[kebon]] [[kopi]] jeung [[entéh]] di [[wewengkon]] ''Soekaboemi''. Asal ngaran "''Soekaboemi''" nyaéta tina [[Basa Sanskerta|Basa Sansekerta]]. [[Kecap (basa Sunda)|Kecap]] ''soeka'', miboga harti "karesep, kabagjaan, kadeudeuh". Sedengkeun kecap ''bhoemi'', miboga harti "[[marcapada]], [[taneuh]]". Jadi "''Soekaboemi''" miboga harti "taneuh nu dipikaresep", atawa tempat nganjrek anu dipikaresep.<ref name=":0" /> Kabupatén Sukabumi ngadeg nalika ditetepkeun ''Besluit Gubernur Jenderal Dirk Fock'' no. 71 kaping 25 [[April]] 1921. Misah ti Kabupatén Cianjur ti 1 Juni 1921, jenengan Bupati Kabupatén Sukabumi anu mimitina R. A. A. Soerianatabrata. Di taun 1923, karésidénan Priangan dimekarkeun jadi tilu bagéan, nyaéta Priangan Kulon puseurna di [[Sukabumi, Sukabumi|Sukabumi]], Priangan Tengah puseurna di [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]], jeung Priangan Wétan puseurna di [[Tasikmalaya]].<ref name=":0" /> ===== Mangsa Dijajah ku Jepang ===== [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Portret van een Sundanese man Tjikole TMnr 60051215.jpg|jmpl|Lalaki Urang Cikolé, Sukabumi taun 1937]] Di taun [[1942]], [[Indonésia]] keur dijajah [[Jepang]]. Pangaruhna, pamaréntah Jepang ngabagi Indonésia jadi tilu wilayah pamaréntahan militér jeung ngawangun pamaréntahan sipil nepi ka tingkatan [[désa]]. Udaganana sangkan bisa ngarojong jeung méré kaonjoyan pikeun pamaréntah Jepang. Di taun 1942, ditetepkeun UU No. 27 ngeunaan aturan Pamaréntah Daérah jeung UU No. 28 ngeunaan aturan Pamaréntah ''Shu'' jeung ''Tokubetsu Shi''. Éta aturan ngalantarankeun Pamaréntah Jepang bisa ngabagi sakabéh [[Pulo Jawa]] jeung [[Pulo Madura|Madura]] (iwal ti [[Kota Surakarta|Surakarta]] jeung [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]) jadi ''shu'' (karésidénan), ''syi'' (kotapraja), ''ken'' ([[kabupatén]]), ''son'' ([[kacamatan]]), jeung ''ku'' (désa). Éta daérah dipingpin ku pupuhu daérah asli urang Jepang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2023/02/02/222000879/mengapa-jepang-membentuk-pemerintahan-sipil-di-indonesia-|title=Mengapa Jepang Membentuk Pemerintahan Sipil di Indonesia? Halaman all|last=Ningsih|first=Widya Lestari|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211144703/https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2023/02/02/222000879/mengapa-jepang-membentuk-pemerintahan-sipil-di-indonesia-|archivedate=2023-02-11}}</ref> Nalika pamaréntahan [[Hindia-Walanda]] ngawasa kénéh Kabupatén Sukabumi, wilayah administratif [[Jawa Kulon]] dibagi jadi lima karésidénan nyaéta [[Banten]], [[Batavia]], [[Bogor]], [[Kota Cirebon|Cirebon]], jeung [[Parahiyangan|Priangan]]. Kabupatén Sukabumi asup kana bagian Bogor, lantaran Kabupatén jeung Kota Sukabumi miboga kode kandaraan anu sarua nyaéta "F". Nanging sanggeus Hindia-Walanda éléh ku Jepang, wilayah administratif daérah ogé ngilu robah. Karésidénan Priangan robah jadi ''Syukocan,'' ngaran pupuhu daérahna disebut ''Syukocanco.'' Kabupatén disebut ''Ken,'' sedengkeun pupuhu daérahna disebut ''Kenco. Kenco'' mimiti Kabupatén Sukabumi jenenganana R. A. A. Soeriadanoeningrat, tuluy digantikeun ku R. Tirta Soeyatna.<ref name=":0" /> ===== Mangsa Kamerdékaan ===== [[Sukarno|Ir. Soekarno]] jeung Moh. Hatta ngaproklamasikeun [[kamerdékaan]] [[Indonésia]] kaping 17 Agustus 1945. Éta [[warta]] nepi ka Sukabumi 1 Oktober 1945. Inohong Sukabumi, Basyuni jeung Dr. Abu Hanifah ngahiap anggota BKR jeung pajoang séjénna pikeun ngarebut kantor pamaréntahan ti [[Jepang]]. Tarékah pikeun ngarebut kakawasaan sangkan bébas ti pamaréntahan Jepang ditandaan ku dilélérna Mr. Sjamsudin salaku [[Walikota]] Sukabumi jeung Mr. Harun salaku [[Bupati]] Sukabumi. Pamaréntah Walanda karak ngakukeun yén Indonésia merdéka 27 Désémber 1949. Sistem pamaréntahan nagara Indonésia robah jadi [[Républik]] Indonesia Serikat. Tapi, di taun 1950 RIS bubar, anu ngalantarankeun nagara bagéan puseurna mung hiji ka wilayah Indonésia. Di taun 1950 ogé, dumasar UU No. 14 Taun 1950 netepkeun Kabupatén Sukabumi (jeung kabupatén séjénna) kaasup kana wilayah pamaréntahan daérah [[Propinsi]] [[Jawa Kulon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.go.id/web/profil/1.asp|title=Portal Resmi Kabupaten Sukabumi: Sejarah Kabupaten Sukabumi|last=Diskominfo Kab. Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211152014/https://sukabumikab.go.id/web/profil/1.asp|archivedate=2023-02-11}}</ref> == Pamaréntahan == {| class="wikitable" |+Daftar Ngaran Pamingpin Kabupatén Sukabumi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6203806/daftar-bupati-sukabumi-dari-masa-ke-masa|title=Daftar Bupati Sukabumi dari Masa Ke Masa|last=Alamsyah|first=Syahdan|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211171044/https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6203806/daftar-bupati-sukabumi-dari-masa-ke-masa|archivedate=2023-02-11}}</ref> |No. !Ngaran Pamingpin !Poto |Période |- |1 |R. A. A. Soerianatabrata | - |1921-1930 |- |2 |R. A. A. Soeriadanoeningrat |[[Gambar:KITLV A236 - Raden Toemenggoeng Soeriadanoeningrat legt de ambtseed af in de pendopo van de regentswoning (kaboepaten) te Soekaboemi, KITLV 36091.tiff|pus|jmpl|134x134px]] |1930-1942 |- |3 |R. Tirta Soeyatna | - |1942-1945 |- |4 |Mr. Haroen | - |1945-1947 |- |5 |A. A. Hilman Djajadiningrat |[[Gambar:Hilman Djajadiningrat, Riwajat Singkat Terdirinja Negara Pasoendan (1948), p16 (cropped).jpg|pus|jmpl|134x134px]] |1947-1947 |- |6 |R. A. A. Soeriadanoeningrat |[[Gambar:KITLV A236 - Raden Toemenggoeng Soeriadanoeningrat loopt alleen richting de pendopo van de regentswoning (kaboepaten) te Soekaboemi, KITLV 77622.tiff|pus|jmpl|134x134px]] |1947-1950 |- |7 |R. A. Widjajasoeria | - |1950-1958 |- |8 |R. Hardjasoetisna | - |1958-1959 |- |9 |R.A. Abdoerachman Soeriatanoewidjaja | - |1958-1959 |- |10 |R. Koedi Soeriadihardja | - |1959-1967 |- |11 |AKBP H. Anwari | - | * 1967-1973 * 1973-1978 |- |12 |Drs. H. M. A. Zaenuddin | - |1978-1983 |- |13 |Dr. H. Ragam Santika | - |1983-1989 |- |14 |Ir. H. Muhammad | - |1989-1994 |- |15 |Drs. H. U. Moch. Muchtar | - |1994-1999 |- |16 |Drs. H. Maman Sulaeman | - |2000-2005 |- |17 |Drs. H. Sukmawijaya, MM | - | * 2005-2010 * 2010-2015 |- |18 |Achdiat Supratman (Penjabat) | - |2015-2016 |- |19 |Drs. H.Marwan Hamami M.M. |[[Gambar:Bupati sukabumi Marwan Hamami.jpg|pus|jmpl|134x134px]] | * 2016-2021 * 2021-ayeuna |} === Pagawé Nagari Sipil (PNS) === Perséntaseu PNS di pamaréntah Kabupatén Sukabumi anu lalaki jeung awéwé nyaéta 55,93% jeung 44,07%. Pangatikan PNS Kabupatén Sukabumi taun 2022 lolobana lulusan sarjana/ pascasarjana nyaéta 74,10%, lulusan diploma lobana 12,04%, lulusan SMA/sadarajat 12,21%, jeung lulusan SMP ka handap lobana 1,66%. Lolobana PNS Kabupatén Sukabumi aya di golongan III anu jumlahna 5.297 urang atawa 50,99%. PNS golongan IV jadi anu panglobana kadua nyaéta 3.426 urang atawa 32,98%. PNS golongan II jumlahna 1.569 urang atawa 15,10%. PNS golongan I ngan ukur aya 115 urang atawa 1,11%.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Sukabumi Tahun 2022|last=BPS Kabupatén Sukabumi|publisher=BPS Kabupatén Sukabumi|year=2022|location=Sukabumi}}</ref> === Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daérah (SKPD) === Di handap ieu daptar SKPD anu aya di pamaréntah Kabupatén Sukabumi:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/daftar-opd.html|title=Portal Resmi Pemda Kabupaten Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221113253/https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/daftar-opd.html|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/daftar-kantor.html|title=Portal Resmi Pemda Kabupaten Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221113256/https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/daftar-kantor.html|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/daftar-badan.html|title=Portal Resmi Pemda Kabupaten Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221113253/https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/daftar-badan.html|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> # Sékretariat Daérah Kabupatén Sukabumi # Inspéktorat Daérah Kabupatén Sukabumi # Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja (Satpol PP) # Badan Kesatuan Bangsa jeung Pulitik # Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daérah # Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daérah # Badan Kepegawaian jeung Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia # Bada Pendapatan Daérah # Badan Pengelola Keuangan jeung Asét Daérah # Dinas Pendidikan # Dinas Perhubungan # Dinas Ketahanan Pangan # Dinas Kapendudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil # Dinas Kaséhatan # Dinas Sosial # Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Perizinan Terpadu Hiji Panto # Dinas Perdagangan, Koperasi, Usaha Leutik jeung Menengah # Dinas Perumahan jeung Kawasan Permukiman # Dinas Tanaga Kerja jeung Transmigrasi # Dinas Pertanian # Dinas Pekerjaan Umum # Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Persandian # Dinas Lingkungan Hirup # Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat jeung Désa # Dinas Pengendalian Penduduk jeung Keluarga Berencana # Dinas Kelautan Dan Perikanan # Dinas Peternakan # Dinas Pertanahan dan Tata Ruang # Dinas Kearsipan dan Perpustakaan # Dinas Pemberdayaan Awéwé jeung Perlindungan Budak # Dinas Pariwisata # Dinas Pemadam Kahuruan # Dinas Perindustrian jeung énérgi Sumber Daya Mineral # Dinas Kabudayaan, Kapemudaan jeung olahraga ==== Daptar Badan Usaha Milik Daérah (BUMND) Pamaréntah Kabupatén Sukabumi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/daftar-bumd.html|title=Portal Resmi Pemda Kabupaten Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221113255/https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/daftar-bumd.html|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> ==== # Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Kabupatén Sukabumi # Pangusahaan Daérah Pesona Pariwisata (PDPP) # Pangusahaan Daérah Anéka Tambang dan Energi (PDATE) # Pangusahaan Daérah Air Minum (PDAM) Tirta Jaya Mandiri Kabupatén Sukabumi ==== Daptar Lembaga di Kabupatén Sukabumi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/lembaga-lain.html|title=Portal Resmi Pemda Kabupaten Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221113255/https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/lembaga-lain.html|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> ==== # Majelis Ulama Indonésia (MUI) Kabupatén Sukabumi # Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kabupatén Sukabumi # Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) Kabupatén Sukabumi # Unit Layanan Pengadaan (ULP) === Déwan Perwakilan Rahayat Daérah (DPRD) === Korsi anggota DPRD Kabupatén Sukabumi dikawasa ku Partéi Gerindra, disusul ku Partéi Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) jeung Partéi Golkar. Di handap ieu jumlah korsi jeung persentasé korsi anggota déwan di Kabupatén Sukabumi.<ref name=":7" /> {| class="wikitable" !Ngaran Partéi !Jumlah Korsi !Perséntaseu |- |Gerindra |8 |16,33% |- |PKS |7 |14,29% |- |Golkar |7 |14,29% |- |PDI-P |6 |12,24% |- |PKB |6 |12,24% |- |PAN |6 |12,24% |- |PPP |4 |8,16% |- |Démokrat |4 |8,16% |- |Nasdem |2 |2,04% |} == Geografis jeung Iklim == [[Gambar:Kec. Cidolog-sukabumi - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|Kacamatan Cidolog, Kabupatén <u>Sukabumi</u>]] Sacara [[astronomi]] Kabupatén Sukabumi posisina aya di 6º57´-7º25´ ''Lintang Kidul'' jeung 106º49´-107º ''Bujur Wétan''. Lega wilayahna 4.145 km². Kabupatén Sukabumi miboga 47 [[kacamatan]], 381 [[Désa]], jeung 5 [[Kalurahan]]. Kacamatan panglegana nyaéta [[Ciemas, Sukabumi|Kacamatan Ciemas]], anu miboga lega 314,14 km².<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.go.id/web/profil/3.asp|title=Portal Resmi Kabupaten Sukabumi: Geografi Kabupaten Sukabumi|last=Diskominfo Kab. Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211153634/https://sukabumikab.go.id/web/profil/3.asp#:~:text=LETAK%20GEOGRAFIS%20KABUPATEN%20SUKABUMI&text=Kabupaten%20Sukabumi%20terdiri%20dari%2047,terluas%20yaitu%20314,14%20km%C2%B2.|archivedate=2023-02-11}}</ref> Curah hujan panggedéna di taun 2021 ngahontal di bulan Nopember nyaéta 878,5 mm, kalawan poé hujan salilana 19 poé. Sedengkeun curah hujan panghandapna ngahontal di bulan Agustus nyaéta 22 mm kalawan poé hujan 6 poé. Rata-rata curah hujan taun 2021 nyaéta 288,71 mm kalawan poé hujan salila 12 poé.<ref name=":7" /> Rata-rata sinar panon poé di Kabupatén Sukabumi taun 2020 anu pangluhurna kajadian di bulan Agustus nyaéta 85%. Sedengkeun sinar ponon poé paling handap kajadian di bulan Mei, nyaéta 36%.<ref name=":7" /> === Musibah === Kaayaan géografis Kabupatén Sukabumi anu aya di wewengkon pagunungan ngabalukarkeun Kabupatén ieu remen katarajang bencana alam siga taneuh longsor, banjir, jeung sajabana. Sapanjang taun 2022, [[Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah]] (BPBD) Kabupatén Sukabumi nyatet, aya kira-kira 926 bencana alam anu lumangsung di Kabupatén Sukabumi. Nurutkeun Pusdalops BPDB Kabupatén Sukabumi, bencana nu pang mindengna nyaeta [[Urug|taneuh urug]] (aya 495 balikan) jeung [[Angin|angin gedé]] (164 balikan).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.inews.id/berita/kabupaten-sukabumi-diterjang-926-bencana-selama-2022-kerugian-rp87-miliar|title=Kabupaten Sukabumi Diterjang 926 Bencana Selama 2022, Kerugian Rp8,7 Miliar|last=Hadi|first=Dharmawan|website=iNews.ID|language=id|publication-date=12 Januari 2023|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228100120/https://jabar.inews.id/berita/kabupaten-sukabumi-diterjang-926-bencana-selama-2022-kerugian-rp87-miliar|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> Sésana nyaéta 90 balikan [[caah]], [[kahuruan]] 73 balikan, [[lini]] 54 kali, jeung taneuh ngagésér 50 balikan. Akibat musibah ieu, ti bulan Januari nepi ka Désémber 2022, aya kurang leuwih 1.386 kapala kulawarga jeung 3.398 urang anu katarajang jeung ngalaman kasangsaraan.Tina data ieu, 802 kapala kulawarga jeung 2.456 di antarana ngungsi ka wewengkon séjén, sarta 56 urang anu tatu jeung 11 urang maot.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sukabumiupdate.com/sukabumi/112007/926-bencana-terjadi-di-kabupaten-sukabumi-selama-2022-longsor-mendominasi|title=926 Bencana Terjadi di Kabupaten Sukabumi Selama 2022, Longsor Mendominasi|last=Sanubari|first=Ibnu|website=Sukabumi Update|language=id|publication-date=13 januari 2023|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228091729/https://www.sukabumiupdate.com/sukabumi/112007/926-bencana-terjadi-di-kabupaten-sukabumi-selama-2022-longsor-mendominasi|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> karugian akibat bencana alam lumayan ageung, nepi ngabeakkeun sakitar 8.705.855.000 miliar rupiah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.okezone.com/read/2023/01/12/525/2745016/926-bencana-terjadi-di-sukabumi-sepanjang-2022-terbanyak-longsor|title=926 Bencana Terjadi di Sukabumi Sepanjang 2022, Terbanyak Longsor : Okezone News|last=Hadi|first=Dharmawan|website=https://news.okezone.com/|publisher=Okezone|language=id-ID|publication-date=12 Januari 2023|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228100120/https://news.okezone.com/read/2023/01/12/525/2745016/926-bencana-terjadi-di-sukabumi-sepanjang-2022-terbanyak-longsor|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> Karugian ieu ngawengku 2.192 imah ruksak, 770 imah ampir ruksak (kaancam) sarta 398 fasilitas umum jeung fasilitas lianna ogé ruksak. Biasana bencana alam mindeng lumangsung di wewengkon deukeut walungan atawa gawir luhur nu euweuh pisan tatangkalan didinya.<ref name=":8" /> Biasana, taneuh urug lumangsung nalika usum hujan atawa nalika curah hujan di luhur wates normal. Daérah di Kabupatén Sukabumi anu mindeng kajadian bencana siga taneuh urug nyaéta [[Kacamatan Cisolok]]. Hal ieu ogé diperparah ku kurangna informasi anu didapat ku masarakat ngeunaan bencana. Conto kasus ieu, urug anu lumangsung di Désa Cimapag. Nurutkeun data BNPB, taneuh di Désa Cimapag ngandung bahan taneuh ''poros'' atawa ''material rombakan''. Ieu lahan dina hiji mangpaatna, cocog pikeun sawah jeung kebon, ku kituna masarakat nu gawéna jadi patani ngawangun padumukan di sabudeureunana. Ngan di sisi lain, lahan ieu berpotensi pisan ngalaman urug. Lokasi anu lerengna miring kira-kira 30 darajat, numutkeun para ahli, leuwih cocog pikeun wewengkon konservasi tibatan pikeun budidaya atawa tatanén.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4368479/bnpb-33-kecamatan-di-sukabumi-rawan-longsor-di-januari-ini|title=BNPB: 33 Kecamatan di Sukabumi Rawan Longsor di Januari Ini|last=Nuary|first=M. Guruh|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228093544/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4368479/bnpb-33-kecamatan-di-sukabumi-rawan-longsor-di-januari-ini|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> === Kacamatan === Kabupatén Sukabumi miboga 47 kacamatan, kalawan 381 désa jeung lima kalurahan. 120 désa kaasup désa perkotaan, sedengkeun 266 desa kaasup kategori désa padesaan. <ref name=":7" /> Ieu di handap mangrupakeun daptar kacamatan anu aya di Kabupatén Sukabumi<ref name="kacamatan">Kantor Kecamatan Bojonggenténg. 2015. ''Salinan arsip data pembagian kecamatan''</ref>: {| class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid #fffff" |+'''Daptar Kacamatan di Kabupatén Sukabumi''' |- | *[[Bantargadung, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Bantargadung]] *[[Bojong Genténg, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Bojong Genténg]] *[[Caringin, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Caringin]] *[[Ciambar, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Ciambar]] *[[Cibadak, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cibadak]] *[[Cibitung, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cibitung]] *[[Cicantayan, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cicantayan]] *[[Cicurug, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cicurug]] *[[Cidadap, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cidadap]] *[[Cidahu, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cidahu]] *[[Cidolog, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cidolog]] *[[Ciemas, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Ciemas]] | *[[Cikakak, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cikakak]] *[[Cikembar, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cikembar]] *[[Cikidang, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cikidang]] *[[Cimanggu, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cimanggu]] *[[Ciracap, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Ciracap]] *[[Cireunghas, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cireunghas]] *[[Cisaat, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cisaat]] *[[Cisolok, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Cisolok]] *[[Curugkembar, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Curugkembar]] *[[Geger Bitung, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Geger Bitung]] *[[Gunung Guruh, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Gunung Guruh]] *[[Jampang Kulon, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Jampang Kulon]] | *[[Jampang Tengah, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Jampang Tengah]] *[[Kabandungan, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Kabandungan]] *[[Kadudampit, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Kadudampit]] *[[Kalapa Nunggal, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Kalapa Nunggal]] *[[Kalibunder, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Kalibunder]] *[[Kebonpedes, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Kebonpedes]] *[[Lengkong, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Lengkong]] *[[Nagrak, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Nagrak]] *[[Nyalindung, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Nyalindung]] *[[Pabuaran, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Pabuaran]] *[[Parakan Salak, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Parakan Salak]] *[[Parung Kuda, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Parung Kuda]] | *[[Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Pelabuhan Rat]] *[[Purabaya, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Purabaya]] *[[Sagaranten, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Sagaranten]] *[[Simpenan, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Simpenan]] *[[Sukabumi, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Sukabumi]] *[[Sukalarang, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Sukalarang]] *[[Sukaraja, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Sukaraja]] *[[Suradé, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Suradé]] *[[Tegal Buleud, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Tegal Buleud]] *[[Waluran, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Waluran]] *[[Warung Kiara, Sukabumi|Kecamatan Warung Kiara]] |- | |} == Penduduk == {{Kotak info|title=Piramida Penduduk Kabupaten Sukabumi Taun 2021|titlestyle=background:#ccf; font-size:8pt;|image=[[File:Piramida Penduduk Kabupaten Sukabumi.png|Piramida Penduduk Kabupaten Sukabumi | 200px]]|name=Ramatloka: sukabumikab.bps.go.id|below=Ramatloka: sukabumikab.bps.go.id}} Komposisi umur penduduk di Kabupatén Sukabumi di taun 2021, didominasi ku penduduk anu yuswana anom. Rata-rata laju kamekaran penduduk diperiode taun 2020-2021 nyaéta 1,32%. Di taun 2021, jumlah penduduk Kabupatén Sukabumi 2.761.476 urang, kalayan jumlah penduduk [[lalaki]] 1.403.368 urang jeung jumlah penduduk [[awéwé]] 1.358.108 urang. Dumasar [[data]], ti taun 2020 nepi ka taun 2021, jumlah penduduk lalaki leuwih loba dibandingkeun jeung jumlah penduduk awéwé. Miboga luas wilayah 4.145 km<sup>2</sup>, dicindekkeun yén rata-rata tingkat kepadatan penduduk saloba 666 jiwa per km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/publication/download.html?nrbvfeve=ODRiZDdhMzQzMDdlYTJmZTJmNjEzMzU0&xzmn=aHR0cHM6Ly9zdWthYnVtaWthYi5icHMuZ28uaWQvcHVibGljYXRpb24vMjAyMi8xMi8xMi84NGJkN2EzNDMwN2VhMmZlMmY2MTMzNTQvc3RhdGlzdGlrLWRhZXJhaC1rYWJ1cGF0ZW4tc3VrYWJ1bWktMjAyMi5odG1s&twoadfnoarfeauf=MjAyMy0wMi0xOCAwNzoxNzowMw%3D%3D|title=STATISTIK DAERAH KABUPATEN SUKABUMI TAHUN 2022|last=Assaniah,|first=Siti Khoerunnisa Alislami|website=sukabumikab.bps.go.id|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sukabumi|accessdate=2023/02/18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218003831/https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/publication/download.html?nrbvfeve=ODRiZDdhMzQzMDdlYTJmZTJmNjEzMzU0&xzmn=aHR0cHM6Ly9zdWthYnVtaWthYi5icHMuZ28uaWQvcHVibGljYXRpb24vMjAyMi8xMi8xMi84NGJkN2EzNDMwN2VhMmZlMmY2MTMzNTQvc3RhdGlzdGlrLWRhZXJhaC1rYWJ1cGF0ZW4tc3VrYWJ1bWktMjAyMi5odG1s&twoadfnoarfeauf=MjAyMy0wMi0xOCAwNzoxNzowMw%3D%3D|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> Jumlah penduduk anu kaasup kana angkatan gawé taun 2021 aya 1.222.156 jalma, ningkat 6,57% dibandingkeun taun 2020. Anu dimaksud angkatan gawé nyaéta jalma anu umurna 15 taun ka handap, lolobana masih sakola, ngurus rumah tangga jeung sajabana. Calon pagawé Indonésia/pagawé awéwé ka luar nagari taun 2013-2021 nurun jadi 161 urang tina asalna leuwih ti 5.000 urang. <ref name=":7" /> Tingkat rata-rata kapadetan penduduk di Kabupatén Sukabumi taun 2021 nyaéta 666 jalma per km2. Sedengkeun di taun 2020, kapadetan penduduk nepi 657 jalma per km2. Sex rasio di Kabupatén Sukabumi aya di luhur 102 jeung 103, anu hartina unggal 100 urang penduduk awéwé aya 102 nepika 103 penduduk lalaki.<ref name=":7" /> Penduduk anu maké akseptor [[Kulawarga]] Berencana (KB) aya dua rupa nyaéta hormonal jeung non hormonal. Dicutat di taun 2021 aya 87.017 akseptor anu ngaleuwihan targét lobana 82.368 akséptor. Pakakas kontrasépsi KB anu loba dipaké nyaéta jenis pél jeung suntik, masing-masing 44,49% jeung 30,94%.<ref name=":7" /> Indeks Pangwangunan Manusa (IPM) Kabupatén Sukabumi taun 2016 nepika 2021 terus ningkat. IPM taun 2016 gedéna 65,13, sedengkeun taun 2021 IPM naék jadi 67,07. Penduduk miskib di Kabupatén Sukabumi ogé ngalaman panurunan tina 8,13% di taun 2016 jadi 7,07% di taun 2021.<ref name=":7" /> == ''Ketenagakerjaan'' == {{Kotak info|title=Komposisi Angkatan Kerja di Kabupaten Sukabumi Taun 2021|titlestyle=background:#ccf; font-size:8pt;|image=[[File:Komposisi Angkatan Kerja di.jpg|Komposisi Angkatan Kerja di |250px]]|below=Ramatloka: sukabumikab.bps.go.id}} ''Tingkat Partisipasi'' Angkatan ''Kerja'' (TPAK) nyaéta babandingan antara jumlah ''angkatan kerja'' jeung jumlah ''penduduk usia kerja''. ''Penduduk usia kerja'' nyaéta sakabéh penduduk anu umurna 15 taun ka luhur nalika didata. TPAK Kabupatén Sukabumi taun 2021 64,93%. ''Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka'' (TPT) nurun, di taun 2020, 9,60% sedengkeun ditaun 2021 jadi 9,51%.<ref name=":3" /> Di taun 2021, jumlah penduduk anu [[Data|kadata]] rék néangan [[Pagawéan|pagaéwan]] di ''Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi'' Kabupatén Sukabumi saloba 27.163 urang. Kasang tukang [[atikan]] anu néangan pagawéan anu ngagunakeun ijazah [[SMA]] saloba 76,52%, anu ngagunakeun ijazah SMP-SD 17,94%, anu ngagunakeun ijazah S-1 3,80%, sedengkeun anu ngagunakeun ijazah diploma 1,74%. Calon TKI/TKW anu geus diseléksi di Kabupatén Sukabumi periode 2013-2021 nurun. Di taun 2021 jumlahna 161 urang.<ref name=":3" /> == Pendidikan jeung Data Sakola == [[Gambar:Sman1parungkuda.png|jmpl|Logo SMAN 1 Parungkuda, Sukabumi]] Rasio murid-guru di Kabupat nembongkeun yén saurang guru rata-rata ngajar 25 murid di tingkat SD. Data lengkep ngeunaan rasio murid ieu bisa ditempo dina tabél di handap ieu:<ref name=":7" /> {| class="wikitable" !Rasio SMA !Rasio SMK !Rasio MA !Rasio MTs !Rasio SMP !Rasio MI !Rasio SD |- |23  |20  |11  |11  |19  |17 |25 |} Di [[taun]] 2021, jumlah [[sakola]] negeri jeung swasta dumasar jenis pendidikanana aya 2598 sakola, anu ngawengku 1.213 [[Sakola dasar|Sakola Dasar]], 34 ''[[Madrasah Ibtidaiyah]]'', 356 ''Sekolah Menengah Pertama'', 306 ''Madrasah Tsanawiyah'', 83 ''Sekolah Menengah Umum'', 130 ''Madrasah Aliyah'', jeung 163 ''Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan.'' Rasio murid jeung [[guru]] nunjukkeun yén di jenjang SD rata-rata guru ngajar 25 murid. Di tingkat  MI, SMP, MTs, SMA, MA, jeung SMK rata-rata ngajar 17, 19, 11, 23, 11, jeung 20 murid dina taun ajaran 2021/2022.<ref name=":3" /> Numutkeun data taun 2021, jumlah penduduk nu umurna lima taun ka luhur nu teu pernah sakola aya 5,07 persén, nu henteu [[sakola]] deui aya 71,77 persén, jeung 23,16 persén penduduk umur lima taun kaluhur keur sakola SD, SMP, SMA sadarajat. <ref name=":7" /> {| class="wikitable" |+Data Sakola Dasar di Kabupatén Sukabumi Taun 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/statictable/2020/01/29/154/jumlah-sekolah-guru-dan-murid-sekolah-dasar-sd-di-bawah-kementerian-pendidikan-dan-kebudayaan-menurut-kecamatan-di-kabupaten-sukabumi-2017-2018.html|title=Jumlah Sekolah, Guru, dan Murid Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Bawah Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Menurut Kecamatan di Kabupaten Sukabumi, 2017/2018|last=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.bps.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218010517/https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/statictable/2020/01/29/154/jumlah-sekolah-guru-dan-murid-sekolah-dasar-sd-di-bawah-kementerian-pendidikan-dan-kebudayaan-menurut-kecamatan-di-kabupaten-sukabumi-2017-2018.html|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Kacamatan | colspan="3" |[[Sakola]] | colspan="3" |Murid | colspan="3" |[[Guru]] |- |Negri |Swasta |Jumlah |Negri |Swasta |Jumlah |Negri |Swasta |Jumlah |- |(1) |(2) |(3) |(4) |(5) |(6) |(7) |(8) |(9) |(10) |- |[[Ciemas, Sukabumi|Ciemas]] |35 |...   |35 |4 966   |...   |4 966   |175 |...   |175 |- |[[Ciracap, Sukabumi|Ciracap]] |30 |...   |30 |5 186   |...   |5 186   |245 |...   |245 |- |[[Waluran, Sukabumi|Waluran]] |17 |...   |17 |2 343   |...   |2 343   |123 |...   |123 |- |[[Suradé, Sukabumi|Surade]] |45 |1 |46 |6 492   |266 |6 758   |352 |19 |371 |- |[[Cibitung, Sukabumi|Cibitung]] |19 |...   |19 |2 221   |...   |2 221   |135 |...   |135 |- |[[Jampang Kulon, Sukabumi|Jampang Kulon]] |32 |1 |33 |4 119   |203 |4 322   |272 |11 |283 |- |[[Cimanggu, Sukabumi|Cimanggu]] |12 |...   |12 |2 362   |...   |2 362   |101 |...   |101 |- |[[Kalibunder, Sukabumi|Kali Bunder]] |25 |...   |25 |3 135   |...   |3 135   |156 |...   |156 |- |[[Tegalbuleud, Sukabumi|Tegal Buleud]] |25 |...   |25 |2 996   |...   |2 996   |157 |...   |157 |- |[[Cidolog, Sukabumi|Cidolog]] |9 |...   |9 |1 117   |...   |1 117   |67 |...   |67 |- |[[Sagaranten, Sukabumi|Sagaranten]] |27 |...   |27 |3 647   |...   |3 647   |174 |...   |174 |- |[[Cidadap, Sukabumi|Cidadap]] |12 |...   |12 |1 378   |...   |1 378   |80 |...   |80 |- |[[Curugkembar, Sukabumi|Curugkembar]] |17 |...   |17 |1 848   |...   |1 848   |92 |...   |92 |- |[[Pabuaran, Sukabumi|Pabuaran]] |23 |...   |23 |4 024   |...   |4 024   |168 |...   |168 |- |[[Léngkong, Sukabumi|Lengkong]] |19 |...   |19 |3 031   |...   |3 031   |113 |...   |113 |- |[[Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi|Palabuhanratu]] |32 |5 |37 |9 634   |962 |10 596   |326 |38 |364 |- |[[Simpenan, Sukabumi|Simpenan]] |35 |...   |35 |5 186   |...   |5 186   |218 |...   |218 |- |[[Warung Kiara, Sukabumi|Warung Kiara]] |29 |1 |30 |5 447   |49 |5 496   |185 |3 |188 |- |[[Bantargadung, Sukabumi|Bantargadung]] |28 |...   |28 |4 177   |...   |4 177   |157 |...   |157 |- |[[Jampang Tengah, Sukabumi|Jampang Tengah]] |43 |1 |44 |5 840   |102 |5 942   |285 |7 |292 |- |[[Purabaya, Sukabumi|Purabaya]] |23 |...   |23 |3 580   |...   |3 580   |169 |...   |169 |- |[[Cikembar, Sukabumi|Cikembar]] |39 |2 |41 |7 949   |307 |8 256   |354 |16 |370 |- |[[Nyalindung, Sukabumi|Nyalindung]] |29 |1 |30 |4 328   |150 |4 478   |190 |9 |199 |- |[[Gegerbitung, Sukabumi|Geger Bitung]] |25 |1 |26 |3 754   |59 |3 813   |189 |4 |193 |- |[[Sukaraja, Sukabumi|Sukaraja]] |25 |2 |27 |7 205   |419 |7 624   |277 |23 |300 |- |[[Kebonpedes, Sukabumi|Kebonpedes]] |13 |1 |14 |2 370   |224 |2 594   |117 |11 |128 |- |[[Cireunghas, Sukabumi|Cireunghas]] |13 |1 |14 |2 173   |158 |2 331   |104 |6 |110 |- |[[Sukalarang, Sukabumi|Sukalarang]] |13 |2 |15 |4 635   |285 |4 920   |150 |17 |167 |- |[[Sukabumi, Sukabumi|Sukabumi]] |17 |...   |17 |3 393   |...   |3 393   |164 |...   |164 |- |[[Kadudampit, Sukabumi|Kadudampit]] |16 |1 |17 |3 539   |114 |3 653   |152 |3 |155 |- |[[Cisaat, Sukabumi|Cisaat]] |38 |3 |41 |9 054   |1 432   |10 486   |357 |81 |438 |- |[[Gunungguruh, Sukabumi|Gunungguruh]] |20 |1 |21 |4 556   |142 |4 698   |162 |6 |168 |- |[[Cibadak, Sukabumi|Cibadak]] |42 |5 |47 |11 253   |985 |12 238   |376 |46 |422 |- |[[Cicantayan, Sukabumi|Cicantayan]] |20 |...   |20 |4 455   |...   |4 455   |172 |...   |172 |- |[[Caringin, Sukabumi|Caringin]] |19 |1 |20 |3 619   |99 |3 718   |150 |6 |156 |- |[[Nagrak, Sukabumi|Nagrak]] |36 |1 |37 |8 327   |420 |8 747   |262 |18 |280 |- |[[Ciambar, Sukabumi|Ciambar]] |17 |...   |17 |4 131   |...   |4 131   |123 |...   |123 |- |[[Cicurug, Sukabumi|Cicurug]] |33 |8 |41 |10 823   |1 244   |12 067   |330 |47 |377 |- |[[Cidahu, Sukabumi|Cidahu]] |22 |1 |23 |6 242   |255 |6 497   |188 |16 |204 |- |[[Parakansalak, Sukabumi|Parakansalak]] |15 |...   |15 |3 648   |...   |3 648   |126 |...   |126 |- |[[Parungkuda, Sukabumi|Parungkuda]] |22 |1 |23 |6 181   |471 |6 652   |180 |22 |202 |- |[[Bojong Genténg, Sukabumi|Bojong Genteng]] |12 |...   |12 |3 015   |...   |3 015   |90 |...   |90 |- |[[Kalapanunggal, Sukabumi|Kalapanunggal]] |21 |1 |22 |4 452   |110 |4 562   |148 |5 |153 |- |[[Cikidang, Sukabumi|Cikidang]] |36 |...   |36 |7 258   |...   |7 258   |227 |...   |227 |- |[[Cisolok, Sukabumi|Cisolok]] |41 |2 |43 |6 827   |154 |6 981   |259 |8 |267 |- |[[Cikakak, Sukabumi|Cikakak]] |22 |...   |22 |3 299   |...   |3 299   |133 |...   |133 |- |[[Kabandungan, Sukabumi|Kabandungan]] |23 |...   |23 |5 033   |...   |5 033   |152 |...   |152 |- |Total Sakola di Kabupatén Sukabumi |1 166   |44 |1 210   |224 248   |8 610   |232 858   |8 882   |422 |9 304   |} {| class="wikitable" |+Data SMP di Kabupatén Sukabumi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/indicator/28/98/1/jumlah-sekolah-menengah-pertama-smp-menurut-kecamatan-tahun-2019-2020.html|title=BaJumlah Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Menurut Kecamatan Tahun 2019/2020 2020|last=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.bps.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218010517/https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/indicator/28/98/1/jumlah-sekolah-menengah-pertama-smp-menurut-kecamatan-tahun-2019-2020.html|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> | rowspan="4" |Wilayah Kacamatan | rowspan="2" |Negeri | rowspan="2" |Swasta | rowspan="4" |Wilayah Kacamatan | rowspan="2" |Negeri | rowspan="2" |Swasta | |- | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 | rowspan="2" |2019 | rowspan="2" |2019 | rowspan="2" |2019 | |- | |- |[[Ciemas, Sukabumi|Ciemas]] |1411 |117 |[[Sukaraja, Sukabumi|Sukaraja]] |1998 |800 | |- |[[Ciracap, Sukabumi|Ciracap]] |1929 |101 |[[Kebonpedes, Sukabumi|Kebonpedes]] |590 |61 | |- |[[Waluran, Sukabumi|Waluran]] |454 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |[[Cireunghas, Sukabumi|Cireunghas]] |492 |920 | |- |[[Suradé, Sukabumi|Suradé]] |2301 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |[[Sukalarang, Sukabumi|Sukalarang]] |1199 |667 | |- |[[Cibitung, Sukabumi|Cibitung]] |1046 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |[[Sukabumi, Sukabumi|Sukabumi]] |292 |759 | |- |[[Jampang Kulon, Sukabumi|Jampang Kulon]] |1563 |363 |[[Kadudampit, Sukabumi|Kadudampit]] |1158 |1663 | |- |[[Cimanggu, Sukabumi|Cimanggu]] |732 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |[[Cisaat, Sukabumi|Cisaat]] |1407 |2105 | |- |[[Kalibunder, Sukabumi|Kali Bunder]] |967 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |[[Gunungguruh, Sukabumi|Gunungguruh]] |1241 |459 | |- |[[Tegalbuleud, Sukabumi|Tegal Buleud]] |935 |32 |[[Cibadak, Sukabumi|Cibadak]] |2826 |2660 | |- |[[Cidolog, Sukabumi|Cidolog]] |280 |202 |[[Cicantayan, Sukabumi|Cicantayan]] |505 |865 | |- |[[Sagaranten, Sukabumi|Sagaranten]] |1090 |39 |[[Caringin, Sukabumi|Caringin]] |339 |827 | |- |[[Cidadap, Sukabumi|Cidadap]] |506 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |[[Nagrak, Sukabumi|Nagrak]] |1504 |1636 | |- |[[Curugkembar, Sukabumi|Curugkembar]] |673 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |[[Ciambar, Sukabumi|Ciambar]] |274 |1333 | |- |[[Pabuaran, Subang|Pabuaran]] |783 |185 |[[Cicurug, Sukabumi|Cicurug]] |2601 |1747 | |- |[[Léngkong, Sukabumi|Léngkong]] |1047 |126 |[[Cidahu, Sukabumi|Cidahu]] |1113 |1300 | |- |[[Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi|Palabuhanratu]] |2168 |1997 |[[Parakansalak, Sukabumi|Parakansalak]] |346 |1567 | |- |[[Simpenan, Sukabumi|Simpenan]] |1381 |281 |[[Parungkuda, Sukabumi|Parung Kuda]] |979 |1478 | |- |[[Warung Kiara, Sukabumi|Warung Kiara]] |2025 |349 |[[Bojong Genténg, Sukabumi|Bojong Genténg]] |487 |1232 | |- |[[Bantargadung, Sukabumi|Bantargadung]] |772 |769 |[[Kalapanunggal, Sukabumi|Kalapa Nunggal]] |711 |941 | |- |[[Jampang Tengah, Sukabumi|Jampang Tengah]] |1795 |182 |[[Cikidang, Sukabumi|Cikidang]] |1413 |1190 | |- |[[Purabaya, Sukabumi|Purabaya]] |971 |243 |[[Cisolok, Sukabumi|Cisolok]] |1615 |1725 | |- |[[Cikembar, Sukabumi|Cikembar]] |2513 |559 |[[Cikakak, Sukabumi|Cikakak]] |944 |344 | |- |[[Nyalindung, Sukabumi|Nyalindung]] |1084 |175 |[[Kabandungan, Sukabumi|Kabandungan]] |850 |545 | |- |[[Gegerbitung, Sukabumi|Geger Bitung]] |1045 |231 |Total SMP di Kabupatén Sukabumi |54355 |32775 | |} Daptar [[SMA]] jeung [[SMK]] di Kabupaten Sukabumi: {| class="wikitable" !NPSN !Ngaran SMA/SMK !Jenis Sakola !Status !Kacamatan |- | 69981846 | SMK MIGAS CICURUG | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 70002292 | SMA Negeri 1 Kalapanunggal | SMA | Negeri |  Kalapa Nunggal |- | 60726697 | SMAN 1 CIEMAS | SMA | Negeri |  Ciemas |- | 69755456 | SMKS PERSADA CIEMAS | SMK | Swasta |  Ciemas |- | 69727427 | SMKS TUNAS BANGSA CIEMAS | SMK | Swasta |  Ciemas |- | 20202260 | SMAN 1 CIRACAP | SMA | Negeri |  Ciracap |- | 20271154 | SMK BINA BAHARI | SMK | Swasta |  Ciracap |- | 70025861 | SMK EKA NUSA PUTRA | SMK | Swasta |  Ciracap |- | 69919117 | SMK TIRTA UMRAN TERPADU | SMK | Swasta |  Ciracap |- | 69757439 | SMKS AL-MUHAJIRIN | SMK | Swasta |  Ciracap |- | 20268788 | SMKS TIRTAYASA CIRACAP | SMK | Swasta |  Ciracap |- | 20253979 | SMAN 1 SURADE | SMA | Negeri |  Surade |- | 20253014 | SMKN 1 SURADE | SMK | Negeri |  Surade |- | 69886243 | SMK GUNA JAYA | SMK | Swasta |  Surade |- | 20253652 | SMKS BINA BANGSA 1 SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Surade |- | 20253046 | SMKS BINA BANGSA 2 SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Surade |- | 20257690 | SMKS PLUS NUSA PUTRA | SMK | Swasta |  Surade |- | 20258252 | SLB NEGERI SURADE | SLB | Negeri |  Surade |- | 20202263 | SMAN 1 JAMPANGKULON | SMA | Negeri |  Jampang Kulon |- | 69915781 | SMA PERMATA MANDIRI | SMA | Swasta |  Jampang Kulon |- | 20247169 | SMAS TERPADU DARUL AMAL | SMA | Swasta |  Jampang Kulon |- | 69888446 | SMK PERMATA MANDIRI | SMK | Swasta |  Jampang Kulon |- | 69981316 | SMK YAHALMA | SMK | Swasta |  Jampang Kulon |- | 20254195 | SMKS AL MADANI JAMPANGKULON | SMK | Swasta |  Jampang Kulon |- | 20254148 | SMKS KESEHATAN PUJA MEDIKA HUSADA | SMK | Swasta |  Jampang Kulon |- | 20253845 | SMAN 1 KALIBUNDER | SMA | Negeri |  Kalibunder |- | 60726667 | SMAS TERPADU AL-FIYYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Tegalbuleud |- | 20246472 | SMKN 1 TEGALBULEUD | SMK | Negeri |  Tegalbuleud |- | 69975637 | SMK BAKTI INSANI | SMK | Swasta |  Tegalbuleud |- | 69952214 | SMA IT AT-TAUFIQ | SMA | Swasta |  Cidolog |- | 69754714 | SMKS NURUL ICHSAN | SMK | Swasta |  Cidolog |- | 20202259 | SMAN 1 SAGARANTEN | SMA | Negeri |  Sagaranten |- | 20253844 | SMKN 1 SAGARANTEN | SMK | Negeri |  Sagaranten |- | 69888422 | SMK AKADEMIK BANI AGUNG | SMK | Swasta |  Sagaranten |- | 69888654 | SMK KESEHATAN SAGARANTEN | SMK | Swasta |  Sagaranten |- | 20269160 | SMKS AL MUHTAR PABUARAN | SMK | Swasta |  Pabuaran |- | 60726517 | SMKS HARAPAN NUSA BANGSA | SMK | Swasta |  Pabuaran |- | 20202265 | SMAN 1 LENGKONG | SMA | Negeri |  Lengkong |- | 20258064 | SMKS HARAPAN BANGSA | SMK | Swasta |  Lengkong |- | 20202267 | SMAN 1 PELABUHAN RATU | SMA | Negeri |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 69981915 | SMA TERPADU YASPIN | SMA | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20253661 | SMANURUL HUDA | SMA | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20247157 | SMAS AL FARDIYATUSSAADAH | SMA | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20247160 | SMAS MUTIARA | SMA | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20253660 | SMKN 1 PALABUHANRATU | SMK | Negeri |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 69892760 | SMK MUSLIM CENDIKIA | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20202269 | SMKS AL FAJAR PELABUHANRATU SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20202280 | SMKS AL HASANAH SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20268198 | SMKS ASSUBANDIYAH PALABUHANRATU | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 69726062 | SMKS DOA BANGSA | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 69752367 | SMKS JAMIYATUL AULAD | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 69733919 | SMKS KESEHATAN HARAPAN BANGSA PALABUHANRATU | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 69726060 | SMKS KOMPUTER AL-BASHRY PALABUHANRATU | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20269318 | SMKS MUTIARA TERPADU PALABUHAN RATU | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20202272 | SMKS PGRI PALABUHANRATU SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20258119 | SMKS YASIPA TERPADU PALABUHAN RATU | SMK | Swasta |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20202315 | SLB NEGERI MUTIARA BAHARI MANDIRI | SLB | Negeri |  Pelabuhan Ratu |- | 20202251 | SMAN 1 WARUNG KIARA | SMA | Negeri |  Warung Kiara |- | 69945006 | SMK BINA HUSADA MANDIRI | SMK | Swasta |  Warung Kiara |- | 20271153 | SMKS DWI WARNA | SMK | Swasta |  Warung Kiara |- | 69786520 | SMKS TERPADU INSAN CITA | SMK | Swasta |  Warung Kiara |- | 20202264 | SMAN 1 JAMPANGTENGAH | SMA | Negeri |  Jampang Tengah |- | 20268787 | SMK AL-MIZAB | SMK | Swasta |  Jampang Tengah |- | 70005380 | SMK MASTER TEKNOLOGI | SMK | Swasta |  Jampang Tengah |- | 69957240 | SMK TARUNA MANDIRI | SMK | Swasta |  Jampang Tengah |- | 20202288 | SMAN 1 CIKEMBAR | SMA | Negeri |  Cikembar |- | 69958842 | SMK PATRIOT MANDIRI | SMK | Swasta |  Cikembar |- | 20252452 | SMKS AL BAROKAH | SMK | Swasta |  Cikembar |- | 20270898 | SMKS MARDI YUANA | SMK | Swasta |  Cikembar |- | 20252009 | SMAN 1 NYALINDUNG | SMA | Negeri |  Nyalindung |- | 69946251 | SMK NURUL HUDA SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Nyalindung |- | 69756185 | SMKS PUTRA MANDALA I | SMK | Swasta |  Nyalindung |- | 60724696 | SMKS WIRA UTAMA | SMK | Swasta |  Nyalindung |- | 20252841 | SMKN 1 GEGERBITUNG | SMK | Negeri |  Gegerbitung |- | 20253656 | SMKS YASPIM | SMK | Swasta |  Gegerbitung |- | 69830651 | SLB PGRI GEGERBITUNG | SLB | Swasta |  Gegerbitung |- | 20202250 | SMAN 1 SUKARAJA | SMA | Negeri |  Sukaraja |- | 20253658 | SMKN PERTANIAN I SUKARAJA | SMK | Negeri |  Sukaraja |- | 20254089 | SMKS AR RAHMAH | SMK | Swasta |  Sukaraja |- | 69726057 | SMKS HASSINA | SMK | Swasta |  Sukaraja |- | 20258155 | SLB ABC PURNA BHAKTI PERTIWI | SLB | Swasta |  Sukaraja |- | 20246334 | SMAS AZ ZAINIYYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Sukabumi |- | 60726515 | SMKN 1 SUKABUMI | SMK | Negeri |  Sukabumi |- | 69888479 | SMK ISLAM NURUL IKHWAN | SMK | Swasta |  Sukabumi |- | 20258059 | SMKS AZZAINIYAH | SMK | Swasta |  Sukabumi |- | 20270819 | SMKS PGRI SELABINTANA | SMK | Swasta |  Sukabumi |- | 20247150 | SMAS AT-TIJAARAH | SMA | Swasta |  Kadudampit |- | 20246335 | SMAS PLUS YASPIDA | SMA | Swasta |  Kadudampit |- | 69946750 | SMK WAHDATUL UMMAT | SMK | Swasta |  Kadudampit |- | 20258510 | SMKS PERTANIAN KADUDAMPIT | SMK | Swasta |  Kadudampit |- | 20257493 | SMKS PLUS AL FARHAN | SMK | Swasta |  Kadudampit |- | 20252607 | SMKS TERPADU 1 YASPIDA SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Kadudampit |- | 20202276 | SMKS TERPADU 2 YASPIDA SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Kadudampit |- | 20258142 | SLB BAKTI PERTIWI | SLB | Swasta |  Kadudampit |- | 70032798 | SMA ISLAM PROGRESIF DAARUSSALAAM | SMA | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 69972822 | SMA IT ADZKIA | SMA | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 20247144 | SMAS AL MASTHURIYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 20247172 | SMAS YASTI CISAAT | SMA | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 69883649 | SMK IT AL JUNAEDIYAH | SMK | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 20202281 | SMKS AL MASTHURIYAH SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 20247313 | SMKS DAARUSSALAAM | SMK | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 20252022 | SMKS MUHAMMADIYAH 3 CISAAT | SMK | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 20254196 | SMKS PGRI CISAAT | SMK | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 20202274 | SMKS TEKNIKA CISAAT SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 20202277 | SMKS YASTI CISAAT SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 57580344 | SLB PGRI CISAAT | SLB | Swasta |  Cisaat |- | 20202317 | SMAN 1 CIBADAK | SMA | Negeri |  Cibadak |- | 69960972 | SMA DOA BANGSA | SMA | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 20253662 | SMAS BAITUL HIKMAH | SMA | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 20247147 | SMAS PESANTREN UNGGUL AL BAYAN | SMA | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 20253982 | SMAS PGRI CIBADAK | SMA | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 20247171 | SMAS UNWANUL FALAH | SMA | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 20202278 | SMKN 1 CIBADAK SUKABUMI | SMK | Negeri |  Cibadak |- | 20202273 | SMK TAMAN SISWA CIBADAK | SMK | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 20252621 | SMKS KESEHATAN HARAPAN BUNDA | SMK | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 20202287 | SMKS LODAYA SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 20202279 | SMKS MUHAMMADIYAH 2 CIBADAK | SMK | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 60726510 | SMKS PEMBANGUNAN CIBADAK | SMK | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 69734082 | SMKS YLA CIBADAK | SMK | Swasta |  Cibadak |- | 20253129 | SLB NEGERI HANDAYANI | SLB | Negeri |  Cibadak |- | 20202266 | SMAN 1 NAGRAK | SMA | Negeri |  Nagrak |- | 20247162 | SMAS PGRI CISAAT | SMA | Swasta |  Nagrak |- | 69888463 | SMK BINA MANDIRI 2 | SMK | Swasta |  Nagrak |- | 69892682 | SMK NUSANTARA 89 | SMK | Swasta |  Nagrak |- | 69920252 | SMK PLUS CENDIKIA | SMK | Swasta |  Nagrak |- | 69728617 | SMKS BUDHI MULIA | SMK | Swasta |  Nagrak |- | 60724698 | SMKS BUMI RIYADHUTHOLIBIN | SMK | Swasta |  Nagrak |- | 20253315 | SMKS YASHIKA | SMK | Swasta |  Nagrak |- | 20202289 | SMAN 1 CICURUG | SMA | Negeri |  Cicurug |- | 20247167 | SMA PLUS DARUL HIDAYAH, KABUPATEN SUKABUMI | SMA | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20253663 | SMAS AL BASHRIYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20247149 | SMAS AMALIYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20247156 | SMAS ISLAM TARBIYYATUL FALAH | SMA | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20247158 | SMAS IT MAHMUDIYYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20247159 | SMAS KHARISMA 39 | SMA | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20247163 | SMAS PGRI CICURUG | SMA | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 69915489 | SMK AL-BASHRIYAH | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 69726566 | SMK BHAKTI KENCANA CICURUG | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 69888758 | SMK INFORMATIKA CBI | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 69939986 | SMK ISLAM TAMAN FIRDAUS | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 69946747 | SMK M BENDA | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 69772581 | SMKS BHAKTI PERTIWI INDONESIA | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20202286 | SMKS EKA PRASETYA | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20258120 | SMKS ISLAM ANNAZHIRIYAH | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20202270 | SMKS PARIWISATA INDONESIA SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20253657 | SMKS TAMAN GLOBAL CICURUG | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20252994 | SMKS TEKNIK CICURUG CENTER | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 60726666 | SMKS UNGGUL KALPATARU | SMK | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 20258235 | SLB AL-ROSYADIYAH | SLB | Swasta |  Cicurug |- | 69963098 | SMAN 1 Cidahu | SMA | Negeri |  Cidahu |- | 69888787 | SMA PGRI CIDAHU | SMA | Swasta |  Cidahu |- | 69758275 | SMKS AR-RAHMA | SMK | Swasta |  Cidahu |- | 69786517 | SMKS ISLAM NURUL HUDA | SMK | Swasta |  Cidahu |- | 60726511 | SMKS YPM CIDAHU | SMK | Swasta |  Cidahu |- | 20275994 | SLB ABC ANUGRAH | SLB | Swasta |  Cidahu |- | 20251778 | SMAN 1 PARAKANSALAK | SMA | Negeri |  Parakansalak |- | 70000534 | SMA PLUS INSAN ADZKIA | SMA | Swasta |  Parakansalak |- | 20253030 | SMAS AL KHOLILIYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Parakansalak |- | 20258121 | SMKS ISLAM PARAKANSALAK | SMK | Swasta |  Parakansalak |- | 60726516 | SMKS YAPAN | SMK | Swasta |  Parakansalak |- | 20252604 | SMKS YASIDIK | SMK | Swasta |  Parakansalak |- | 20202254 | SMAN 1 PARUNG KUDA | SMA | Negeri |  Parungkuda |- | 69950289 | SMA PLUS DAMAR BANGSA | SMA | Swasta |  Parungkuda |- | 20247152 | SMAS INSAN CENDEKIA AL KAUSAR | SMA | Swasta |  Parungkuda |- | 20247155 | SMAS ISLAM MIFTAUSSA`ADAH | SMA | Swasta |  Parungkuda |- | 69904295 | SMK INSAN KAMIL | SMK | Swasta |  Parungkuda |- | 69733909 | SMKS AL HIKMAH | SMK | Swasta |  Parungkuda |- | 20202283 | SMKS BINA BAKTI PERTIWI | SMK | Swasta |  Parungkuda |- | 20202285 | SMKS DWI DARMA | SMK | Swasta |  Parungkuda |- | 20268425 | SMKS ISLAM AL QUDSIYAH | SMK | Swasta |  Parungkuda |- | 69755799 | SMKS WIRA INFORMATIKA GLOBAL | SMK | Swasta |  Parungkuda |- | 20247153 | SMAS ISLAM AL BASHRY KALAPA NUNGGAL | SMA | Swasta |  Kalapa Nunggal |- | 20269164 | SMK AL-BASHRY | SMK | Swasta |  Kalapa Nunggal |- | 20253654 | SMKS NUURUL BAYAN KALAPANUNGGAL | SMK | Swasta |  Kalapa Nunggal |- | 20252008 | SMAN 1 CIKIDANG | SMA | Negeri |  Cikidang |- | 69888435 | SMA BAITURRAHMAN | SMA | Swasta |  Cikidang |- | 70031477 | SMA IT At-Takwin | SMA | Swasta |  Cikidang |- | 60724689 | SMA PGRI CIKIDANG | SMA | Swasta |  Cikidang |- | 69888757 | SMA PGRI CITRA CIKIDANG | SMA | Swasta |  Cikidang |- | 69734151 | SMKS AL-MUMTAZ | SMK | Swasta |  Cikidang |- | 20202262 | SMAN 1 CISOLOK | SMA | Negeri |  Cisolok |- | 69864653 | SMK AL-FADHIILAH | SMK | Swasta |  Cisolok |- | 69983846 | SMK BHAYANGKARA | SMK | Swasta |  Cisolok |- | 69734380 | SMKS AL-HAFIZ | SMK | Swasta |  Cisolok |- | 60729090 | SMKS AL-IKHLAS | SMK | Swasta |  Cisolok |- | 20202282 | SMKS BAHARI GUPPI YPAI | SMK | Swasta |  Cisolok |- | 69753902 | SMKS SAMUDRA | SMK | Swasta |  Cisolok |- | 20253664 | SMAN 1 KABANDUNGAN | SMA | Negeri |  Kabandungan |- | 20247161 | SMAS PESANTREN HUSNAYAIN | SMA | Swasta |  Kabandungan |- | 60726514 | SMKS AT-TIIJAAN | SMK | Swasta |  Kabandungan |- | 60726513 | SMKS PUTRA KABANDUNGAN | SMK | Swasta |  Kabandungan |- | 20202261 | SMAN 1 CISAAT | SMA | Negeri |  Gunung Guruh |- | 69979656 | SMA AL UMANAA BOARDING SCHOOL | SMA | Swasta |  Gunung Guruh |- | 60726379 | SMAS BINA PERSADA | SMA | Swasta |  Gunung Guruh |- | 20253633 | SMKN 1 GUNUNGGURUH | SMK | Negeri |  Gunung Guruh |- | 69756184 | SMK MAARIF NU AL-FATHONAH | SMK | Swasta |  Gunung Guruh |- | 20267968 | SMAN 1 CIKAKAK | SMA | Negeri |  Cikakak |- | 69888788 | SMK INSAN CITA | SMK | Swasta |  Cikakak |- | 70031852 | SMK SINERGI BINA BANGSA | SMK | Swasta |  Cikakak |- | 69988520 | SMK TERPADU NURUL QUR AN CIKAKAK | SMK | Swasta |  Cikakak |- | 69893232 | SMA PGRI BANTARGADUNG | SMA | Swasta |  Bantar Gadung |- | 69919887 | SMK TARUNA TUNAS BANGSA | SMK | Swasta |  Bantar Gadung |- | 20247170 | SMAS ULUL AL-BAAB | SMA | Swasta |  Cicantayan |- | 20268314 | SMK GANESA | SMK | Swasta |  Cicantayan |- | 70004943 | SMK ISLAM HEGARMANAH | SMK | Swasta |  Cicantayan |- | 69752142 | SMKS AL HUSAENIYAH | SMK | Swasta |  Cicantayan |- | 69728615 | SMKS AL-AUDI | SMK | Swasta |  Cicantayan |- | 20202284 | SMKS BINA MANDIRI SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Cicantayan |- | 69734083 | SMKS CIMAHI | SMK | Swasta |  Cicantayan |- | 20270820 | SMKS IT BANI YASIN | SMK | Swasta |  Cicantayan |- | 69754715 | SMKS KESEHATAN JUANG KENCANA | SMK | Swasta |  Cicantayan |- | 69758946 | SMKS PTN CICANTAYAN | SMK | Swasta |  Cicantayan |- | 20202258 | SMAN 1 SIMPENAN | SMA | Negeri |  Simpenan |- | 20247146 | SMAS AL-BAIRUNI | SMA | Swasta |  Simpenan |- | 20269163 | SMK GENTRA PASUNDAN | SMK | Swasta |  Simpenan |- | 69981676 | SMK ISLAM TERPADU YASIN | SMK | Swasta |  Simpenan |- | 20252618 | SMKS BINA ANAK BANGSA | SMK | Swasta |  Simpenan |- | 69944494 | SMK IT AL KASYAF | SMK | Swasta |  Kebon Pedes |- | 20252413 | SMKS MIHADUNAL ULA | SMK | Swasta |  Kebon Pedes |- | 69962735 | SMKS AL-FATAH Sukabumi | SMK | Swasta |  Cidadap |- | 60724699 | SMKS YBPI | SMK | Swasta |  Cidadap |- | 69945052 | SMK PLUS PARADIS CIDAHU | SMK | Swasta |  Cibitung |- | 69987314 | SMA PLUS TEKNOLOGI | SMA | Swasta |  Curugkembar |- | 69734081 | SMKS AL-MARFUIYAH | SMK | Swasta |  Curugkembar |- | 69992903 | SMA PLUS AL RAIHAN | SMA | Swasta |  Purabaya |- | 20268817 | SMK AL- IHYAUL IRSYAD | SMK | Swasta |  Purabaya |- | 69888828 | SMK NASIONAL AL-ULUM | SMK | Swasta |  Purabaya |- | 69962720 | SMKS Ibadurrohman | SMK | Swasta |  Purabaya |- | 20252951 | SMKS TERPADU AL ITTIHAD | SMK | Swasta |  Purabaya |- | 69944078 | SMAN 1 CIREUNGHAS | SMA | Negeri |  Cireunghas |- | 69981895 | SMA AL-MASYHAD | SMA | Swasta |  Cireunghas |- | 20267932 | SMKS AL KAUTSAR | SMK | Swasta |  Cireunghas |- | 20253651 | SMKS AL MUSTHOFA | SMK | Swasta |  Cireunghas |- | 20258122 | SMKS TERPADU SINAR ISLAM | SMK | Swasta |  Cireunghas |- | 20202275 | SMKS UMMUL QURO SUKABUMI | SMK | Swasta |  Cireunghas |- | 20252855 | SMAS ISLAM AS SYAFIIYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Sukalarang |- | 20258445 | SMKN 1 SUKALARANG | SMK | Negeri |  Sukalarang |- | 69962157 | SLB Sukalarang | SLB | Swasta |  Sukalarang |- | 20246145 | SMAS AL FURQON | SMA | Swasta |  Caringin |- | 20271152 | SMAS IT AT-TAISIRIYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Caringin |- | 69920272 | SMK WIGUNA | SMK | Swasta |  Caringin |- | 20254077 | SMKS SUDIRMAN | SMK | Swasta |  Caringin |- | 69874019 | SMA ISLAM TERPADU YALHAS | SMA | Swasta |  Bojong Genteng |- | 69954585 | SMA NURUL HUDA BOJONGGALING | SMA | Swasta |  Bojong Genteng |- | 20247166 | SMA PLUS AL MANSHURIYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Bojong Genteng |- | 20247145 | SMAS AL ATIQIYAH | SMA | Swasta |  Bojong Genteng |- | 20258335 | SMAS UNGGUL AR-RAHMAN | SMA | Swasta |  Bojong Genteng |- | 20254202 | SMKN 1 BOJONGGENTENG | SMK | Negeri |  Bojong Genteng |- | 69983739 | SMK BP AL-ATIQIYAH | SMK | Swasta |  Bojong Genteng |- | 69756183 | SMKS BINA TEKNOLOGI AL FATAH | SMK | Swasta |  Bojong Genteng |- | 69786519 | SMKS IT BINA INSANI | SMK | Swasta |  Bojong Genteng |- | 20267933 | SMKS PLUS MADANIAH | SMK | Swasta |  Bojong Genteng |- | 20268197 | SMKS AL MUBAROKATUSSAADILLAH | SMK | Swasta |  Waluran |- | 20254146 | SMKS PARADIS WALURAN | SMK | Swasta |  Waluran |- | 69888716 | SMA PGRI CIAMBAR | SMA | Swasta |  Ciambar |- | 69888445 | SMA PLUS KEMBANG KUNING | SMA | Swasta |  Ciambar |- | 60726509 | SMKS TECMA CIAMBAR | SMK | Swasta |  Ciambar |- | 69760680 | SLB PGRI CIAMBAR | SLB | Swasta |  Ciambar |- | 69727426 | SMKS JAYA TAMA BANGSA | SMK | Swasta |  Ciemas |- | 20253655 | SMKS MUTIARA HIKMAH | SMK | Swasta |  Ciemas |} Salian sakolah dasar jeung menengah, loba ogé [[paguron luhur]] di Kabupatén Sukabumi, di antarana:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/search/sukabumi|title=PDDikti - Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi|website=pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222014233/https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/search/sukabumi|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !NSPN !Singetan !Ngaran Paguron |- |043306 |PASIM |STIE PASIM Sukabumi |- |043036 |STKIPPGRI SUKABUMI |STKIP PGRI SUKABUMI |- |043084 |STIE PGRI SUKABUMI |SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU EKONOMI PGRI SUKABUMI |- |043305 |PASIM |STMIK PASIM SUKABUMI |- |213492 | - |STAI ALMASTHURIYAH SUKABUMI |- |213105 | - |STAI ALANDINA SUKABUMI |- |213107 | - |STAI ALBAROKAH SUKABUMI |- |043103 |STISIP WM SUKABUMI |STISIP WIDYAPURI MANDIRI |- |044246 | - |AKADEMI FARMASI PERSADA SUKABUMI |- |041120 | - |UNIVERSITAS LINGGABUANA PGRI SUKABUMI |- |212070 |IAIS |INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM SUKABUMI |- |213115 |STAIDA SUKABUMI |STAI DAARUSSALAM SUKABUMI |- |213145 |STAI SUKABUMI |STAI SUKABUMI |- |044222 | - |AMIK BSI SUKABUMI |- |213124 | - |STAI PELABUHAN RATU SUKABUMI |- |041040 |UMMI |UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SUKABUMI |- |045020 |POLIKAMI |POLITEKNIK SUKABUMI |- |042011 |IMWI |INSTITUT MANAJEMEN WIYATA INDONESIA |- |043286 |STIKESMI |SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN SUKABUMI |- |045029 |POLTEKES YAPKESBI |POLITENIK KESEHATAN YAPKESBI SUKABUMI |- |043297 |STMIK NUSA MANDIRI |STMIK NUSA MANDIRI SUKABUMI |- |043082 |STIE PENGUJI |SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU EKONOMI PENGUJI SUKABUMI |- |213184 |STAIKHA CICURUG |STAI KHARISMA CICURUG SUKABUMI |- |213157 |STAIMAS |STAI ALMASUDIYAH SUKABUMI |- |213133 |STAI SYAMSUL ULUM |STAI SYAMSUL ULUM GUNUNG PUYUH |- |024142 |AKFAR CEFADA |AKADEMI FARMASI CENDIKIA FARMA HUSADA |} == Fasilitas Kaséhatan == Fasilitas [[kaséhatan]] anu disadiakeun ku [[Pamaréntah]] Kabupatén Sukabumi di antarana aya ''Puskésmas Pembantu'' anu lobana 179 unit jeung puskésmas anu lobana 60 unit (data taun 2021). Éta fasilitas ampir aya diunggal kacamatan. Ieu hal nuduhkeun yén Pamaréntah Kabupatén Sukabumi miboga tarékah pikeun nyadiakeun fasilitas nu hadé keur masarakat, hususna diwidang kaséhatan.<ref name=":3" /> Sacara kasaluruhan, aya salapan fasilitas kaséhatan nu siga imah sakit anu disadiakeun di Kabupatén Sukabumi, sakabéhna mangrupakeun imah sakit umum, anu 5 mangrupakeun rumah sakit swasta (Rumah Sakit Beta Medika, Kartika [[Cibadak, Sukabumi|Cibadak]], Primaya Sukabumi, Hermina Sukabumi, Bhakti Medicare), 3 unit rumah sakit nu pamaréntah kabupaten (Rumah Sakit [[Sekarwangi, Cibadak, Sukabumi|Sekarwangi]], [[Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi|Palabuhanratu]], [[Sagaranten, Sukabumi|Sagaranten]]), jeung 1 unit rumah sakit nu [[Jawa Kulon|pamaréntah provinsi]] (Rumah Sakit [[Jampang Kulon, Sukabumi|Jampang Kulon]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sirs.kemkes.go.id/fo/home/dashboard_rs?id=32|title=RS Online|website=sirs.kemkes.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225233558/https://sirs.kemkes.go.id/fo/home/dashboard_rs?id=32|archivedate=2023-02-25}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Kacamatan !Jumlah Rumah Sakit !Jumlah Puskésmas !Jumlah Puskésmas Pembantu !Jumlah Puskésmas Nguriling !Jumlah Mobil Ambulans !Jumlah Posyandu |- |Ciemas | - |2 |5 |3 | - |124 |- |Ciracap | - |1 |8 |1 | - |69 |- |Waluran | - |1 |2 |2 | - |39 |- |Suradé | - |2 |3 |3 | 1 |98 |- |Cibitung | - |1 |2 |1 |1 |42 |- |Jampang Kulon |1 |1 |5 |2 | - |61 |- |Cimanggu | - |1 |4 |2 | - |47 |- |Kalibunder | - |1 |2 |1 | - |69 |- |Tegalbuleud | - |1 |5 |1 |2 |51 |- |Cidolog | - |1 | - |2 | - |42 |- |Sagaranten | - |1 |2 |2 |1 |68 |- |Cidadap | - |1 |1 |1 |1 |39 |- |Curug Kembar | - |1 | - |1 |1 |40 |- |Pabuaran | - |1 |2 |2 | - |41 |- |Lengkong | - |1 |3 |1 |2 |83 |- |Pelabuhanratu |1 |2 |7 |4 |2 |188 |- |Simpenan | - |1 |3 |3 | - |115 |- |Warungkiara | - |1 |4 |1 |2 |103 |- |Bantargadung | - |1 | - |2 | - |77 |- |Jampangtengah | - |1 |5 | - |1 |82 |- |Purabaya | - |1 | - |1 |2 |41 |- |Cikembar | - |1 | - |1 |1 |89 |- |Nyalindung | - |2 |4 |3 | - |60 |- |Gegerbitung | - |1 |3 |2 |1 |52 |- |Sukaraja |1 |2 |2 |2 |1 |99 |- |Kebonpedes | - |1 | - |1 | - |44 |- |Cireunghas | - |1 |3 |1 |1 |47 |- |Sukalarang | - |1 | - |2 | - |52 |- |Sukalarang | - |1 | - |2 | - |52 |- |Kadudampit | - |1 |6 |1 |1 |63 |- |Cisaat |1 |2 |1 |2 |1 |121 |- |Gunung Guruh | - |2 |4 |2 |1 |60 |- |Cibadak |2 |2 |3 |2 | - |140 |- |Cicantayan | - |1 |3 |1 |1 |65 |- |Caringin | - |1 |1 |1 |1 |65 |- |Nagrak | - |2 |5 |3 |1 |99 |- |Ciambar | - |1 | - | - | - |48 |- |Cicurug |1 |2 |2 |3 |1 |132 |- |Cidahu | - |1 |1 |1 |1 |80 |- |Parakansalak | - |1 |2 |2 | - |52 |- |Parungkuda | - |1 |1 |2 | - |87 |- |Bojonggenteng | - |1 |3 | - | - |39 |- |Kalapanunggal | - |1 |2 |1 |2 |74 |- |Cikidang | - |1 |3 |2 |1 |106 |- |Cisolok | - |1 |8 |1 |2 |87 |- |Cikakak |1 |4 |1 | - | - |95 |- |Kabandungan | - |1 |4 |2 | - |40 |} === Daptar Rumah Sakit Umum Daérah (RSUD) di Kabupatén Sukabumi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/daftar-rsud.html|title=Portal Resmi Pemda Kabupaten Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221113254/https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/perangkat-daerah/daftar-rsud.html|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> === # RSUD PalabuhanRatu # RSUD Sekarwangi Di handap ieu ngaran puskésmas, kode puskésmas, jenis puskésmas, jeung alamat puskésmas anu aya di Kabupatén Sukabumi:<ref>https://www.kemkes.go.id/downloads/resources/download/Data-Dasar-Puskesmas/2020/12.BUKU%20DATA%20DASAR%20PROVINSI%20JAWA%20BARAT.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221142120/https://www.kemkes.go.id/downloads/resources/download/Data-Dasar-Puskesmas/2020/12.BUKU%20DATA%20DASAR%20PROVINSI%20JAWA%20BARAT.pdf |date=2023-02-21 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Nomer !Ngaran Puskésmas !Kode Puskésmas !Jenis Puskésmas !Alamat |- |1 |BANGBAYANG |1030453 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Buniwangi No. 1 Bangbayang Kec. Tegalbuleud |- |2 |BANTAR GADUNG |1030464 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Palabuhanratu KM 24 Kp. Pasapen RT 03 RW 06 Desa Bantargadung Kecamatan Bantargadung |- |3 |BOJONG GENTENG |1030494 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Berekah no 37, Kecamatan Bojonggenteng |- |4 |BUNIWANGI |1030447 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Cibungur No. 2 Desa Buniwangi Kec. Surade |- |5 |CARINGIN |1030485 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Cikukulu - Caringin KM 3 No 280 Selaawi Kecamatan Caringin |- |6 |CIAMBAR |1030488 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Cikatomas Desa Ciambar Kecamatan Ciambar |- |7 |CIBADAK |1030482 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Segog KM 12 Desa Batununggal Kecamatan Cibadak |- |8 |CIBITUNG |1030448 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Cikaso KM. 6 Cibitung Kec. Cibitung |- |9 |CIBOLANGKIDUL |1030481 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Veteran KM 4 Kp. Pasir Badak RT 1 RW 8 Desa Cibolang Kecamatan Gunungguruh |- |10 |CICANTAYAN |1030484 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. KH. Damanhuri KM 2 Kp. Cijabon Desa Cimahi Kecamatan Cicantayan |- |11 |CICURUG |1030489 |Rawat Inap |Jalan Raya Siliwangi No. 113 Kelurahan Cicurug Kecamatan Cicurug |- |12 |CIDADAP |1030456 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Cibuni KM. 1 Kp. Cibarengkok Desa Cidadap Kec. Cidadap |- |13 |CIDAHU |1030491 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Cidahu Km.7 Desa Cidahu Kec. Cidahu |- |14 |CIDOLOG |1030454 |Non Rawat Inap |Kp. Selamanya RT 01 RW 01 Desa Cidolog Kecamatan Cidolog |- |15 |CIEMAS |1030442 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Raya Ciemas RT 05 RW 01 Desa Ciemas Kecamatan Ciemas |- |16 |CIJANGKAR |1030469 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Sagaranten Km.12,5 Desa Cijangkar RT 002 RW 006 Kecamatan Nyalindung |- |17 |CIKAKAK |1030498 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Raya Cisolok KM 7 Desa Cikakak Kecamatan Cikakak |- |18 |CIKEMBAR |1030467 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Palabuhan II Km 18 Desa Cikembar Kecamatan Cikembar |- |19 |CIKIDANG |1030496 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Cikidang KM. 19 Desa Cikidang Kecamatan Cikidang |- |20 |CIMANGGU |1030450 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Cimanggu Kp. Sirna Rasa RT 04 RW 02 Desa Karangmekar Kec. Cimanggu |- |21 |CIPARI |1030490 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Raya Cipari KM 5 Kecamatan Cipari |- |22 |CIRACAP |1030444 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Raya H. Anwari No. 76 RT 021 RW 005 Desa Ciracap Kecamatan Ciracap |- |23 |CIREUNGHAS |1030474 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Cireunghas Km.10 Kp. Gunung Goong Desa Cipurut Kecamatan Cireunghas |- |24 |CISAAT |1030478 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Gelanggang Pemuda Cisaat Nomor 12 RT 4 RW 3 Desa Sukamanah Kecamatan Cisaat |- |25 |CISOLOK |1030497 |Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Cisolok KM 1 RT 1 RW 2 Desa Cisolok Kecamatan Cisolok |- |26 |CITARIK |1030461 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Raya Palabuhanratu KM 6 Desa Citarik Kecamatan Palabuhanratu |- |27 |CURUG KEMBAR |1030457 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Cikadu KM. 5 RT 04 RW 1 Kp. Cimanggu Desa Curugkembar Kec. Curugkembar |- |28 |GEGERBITUNG |1030470 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Pramuka No. 48 RT 04 RW 01 Desa Gegerbitung Kec. Gegerbitung |- |29 |GIRIJAYA |1030487 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Cirendeu Karang Tengah Km 6 Desa Girijaya Kecamatan Nagrak |- |30 |GUNUNGGURUH |1030480 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Palabuhan II KM 10 Kp. Kubangjaya RT 002 RW 009 Desa Sirnaresmi Kecamatan Gunungguruh |- |31 |JAMPANG TENGAH |1030465 |Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Bojonglopang RT 05 RW 02 Desa Jampangtengah Kecamatan Jampangtengah |- |32 |JAMPANGKULON |1030449 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Raya Cikaso KM 7 No 113 Desa Bojonggenteng Kecamatan Jampangkulon |- |33 |KABANDUNGAN |1030499 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Tirta Atmaja Kp. Pajagan RT 24 RW 10 Desa Kabandungan Kecamatan Kabandungan |- |34 |KADUDAMPIT |1030477 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Situgunung KM 6 Desa Gede Pangrango Kecamatan Kadudampit |- |35 |KALAPANUNGGAL |1030495 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Kelapanunggal Km.17,5 Kecamatan Kalapanunggal |- |36 |KALIBUNDER |1030451 |Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Kalibunder KM. 14 Jampangkulon Desa Kalibunder Kec. Kalibunder |- |37 |KARAWANG |1030476 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Selabintana KM 5 Kecamatan Sukabumi |- |38 |KEBON PEDES |1030473 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Bojonggaling Kp. Selajambu RT 04 RW 01 Desa Sasagaran Kecamatan Kebonpedes |- |39 |LENGKONG |1030459 |Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Lengkong No. 20 RT 02 RW 01 Kp. Lengkong Desa Lengkong Kec. Lengkong |- |40 |LIMBANGAN |1030472 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Perum Pesona Limbangan RT 04 RW 10 Desa Limbangan Kecamatan Sukaraja |- |41 |NAGRAK |1030486 |Rawat Inap |Jalan Raya Sinagar No. 56 Desa Nagrak Utara Kecamatan Nagrak |- |42 |NYALINDUNG |1030468 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Nyalindung Km 28, Kecamatan Nyalindung |- |43 |PABUARAN |1030458 |Rawat Inap |Jl. Pabuaran No. 08 Kp. Puncak Tugu RT 01 RW 01 Desa Pabuaran Kec. Pabuaran |- |44 |PALABUHANRATU |1030460 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Cangehgar KM. 01 No. 1007 Kelurahan Pelabuhanratu Kec. Pelabuhanratu |- |45 |PARAKAN SALAK |1030492 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Neglasari No.2, Kecamatan Parakan Salak |- |46 |PARUNGKUDA |1030493 |Non Rawat Inap |JL SILIWANGI NO 21 DESA PARUNGKUDA KECAMATAN PARUNGKUDA |- |47 |PURABAYA |1030466 |Rawat Inap |Jalan Raya Purabaya KM 39 Sukabumi Kp. Miramontana Desa Purabaya Kecamatan Purabaya |- |48 |SAGARANTEN |1030455 |Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Cigadog No. 02 Kecamatan Sagaranten |- |49 |SEKARWANGI |1030483 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Siliwangi RW 017 Kelurahan Cibadak, Kecamatan Cibadak |- |50 |SELAJAMBE |1030479 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Selajambe No. 462 Desa Selajambe Kecamatan Cisaat |- |51 |SIMPENAN |1030462 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Citamiang RT 02 RW 10 Desa Cidadap Kec. Simpenan |- |52 |SUKALARANG |1030475 |Non Rawat Inap |Jalan Sukabumi Cianjur KM 11 Kecamatan Sukalarang |- |53 |SUKARAJA |1030471 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Sukaraja KM 5 No. 1 RT 01 RW 01 Desa Sukaraja Kecamatan Sukaraja |- |54 |SURADE |1030446 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Surade No. 53 Kecamatan Surade |- |55 |TAMANJAYA |1030443 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Tamanjaya RT 001 RW 001 Desa Tamanjaya Kecamatan Ciemas |- |56 |TEGALBULEUD |1030452 |Rawat Inap |Jalan Siliwangi No 10 Desa Buniasih Kecamatan Tegalbuleud |- |57 |WALURAN |1030445 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Raya Cimulek KM. 1 Kec. Waluran |- |58 |WARUNGKIARA |1030463 |Non Rawat Inap |Jl. Pelabuhan Ratu Km 30, Kp. Cigombong RT 03 RW 07 Desa Warungkiara Kecamatan Warungkiara |} == Tatanén == [[Gambar:Bananes (baie dHalong terrestre) (4369177548).jpg|jmpl|Hasil tatanén Sukabumi: Cau]] Hasil tatanén jenis bungbuahan anu palobana nyaéta jenis [[cau]], Jumlah produksina nepi ka 1.707.806 ton, anu aya di [[Kacamatan]] [[Bantargadung, Sukabumi|Bantargadung]], [[Cikakak, Sukabumi|Cikakak]], jeung [[Gegerbitung, Sukabumi|Gegerbitung]]. Lian ti cau, komoditas anu panglobana nyaéta [[kalapa]]. Di taun 2021, hasil produksina nepi ka 85.195 ton. Kacamatan anu pangréana ngahasilkeun kalapa nyaéta [[Kacamatan]] [[Caringin, Sukabumi|Caringin]]. Aya ogé komoditas [[kawung]], anu jumlah produksina nepi ka 5.795 ton. Kacamatan anu panglobana ngahasilkeun kawung aya di Kacamatan [[Jampang Tengah, Sukabumi|Jampang Tengah]].<ref name=":3" /> Legana taneuh jang tatanén pepelakan anu dominan di Kabupatén Sukabumi nyaéta supa anu legana 49.832 hektar. Hasil produksi supa ieu nepi 3.852 ton. Sedengkeun lega lahan sayuran [[bayem]] jadi lahan tatanén paling leutik, ukur 55 hektar kalawan produksi 4.213 ton. Ditempo tina jenis sayuran, Kabupatén Sukabumi ngahasilkeun paling loba petsay atawa sécim nyaéta 273.734 ton. Disusul ku [[cabé]], bonténg anu hasilna 259.248 ton jeung 240.194 ton. Daérah anu ngahasilkeun tatanén petsay paling loba aya di daérah [[Gegerbitung, Sukabumi|Geger Bitung]] kalawan produksina 74.200 ton tur legana 493 hektar.<ref name=":7" /> == Hasil Tambang jeung Energi == Jumlah langganan PDAM di Kabupatén Sukabumi ningkat ti taun 2016-2021, tina jumlah 36.348 langganan jadi 61.196 langganan. Kitu ogé jeung langganan [[listrik]] PLN, jumlahna ningkat. Taun 2019 aya 700.931 langganan PLN ngaronjat 4,08 persén ti jumlah taun 2018 anu jumlahna 673.480 langganan. PLN bisa ngajual 952.657.231 Kwh di taun 2020. <ref name=":7" /> == Paimahan == Taun 2021, di Kabupatén Sukabumi masih kénéh aya 13,35% kulawarga anu imahna teu boga tempat ngising sorangan. Kulawarga éta maké fasilitas [[jamban]] balaréa, MCK umum, aya ogé nu teu maké fasilitas bebersih pisan. <ref name=":7" /> == Transportasi == Panjang [[jalan]] anu geus diaspal di Kabupatén Sukabumi taun 2020 panjangna 962,152 km atawa 75,96%. Panjang jalan anu diaspal ieu turun jumlahna mun dibandingkeun jeung jalan [[aspal]] taun 2019 anu panjangna 1.126,706 km. Taun 2021, panjang jalan nu diaspal naék panjangna jadi 1.104,034 km atawa 87,16 persén tina total jalan. Jalan karikil 10,21%, jeung jalan nu séjénna 2,63%. <ref name=":7" /> Aya sababaraha hiji terminal anu aya di Kabupatén Sukabumi:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/jendela-dunia/daftar-terminal-di-sukabumi-dan-alamatnya-1yuH6N1uTeK|title=Daftar Terminal di Sukabumi dan Alamatnya|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221142117/https://kumparan.com/jendela-dunia/daftar-terminal-di-sukabumi-dan-alamatnya-1yuH6N1uTeK|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> * Terminal Jubleg Sukabumi, lokasina di sasagaran, Kacamatan Kebonpedes, Kabupatén Sukabumi, Jawa Kulon. * Terminal Cikembang, aya di Cikembang Jalan Pelabuhan, Cimanggu, Kacamatan Cikembar, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Kulon * Terminal Cibadak di Cibadak,Sukabumi,Jawa Kulon * Terminal Sukaraja === Stasion Karéta Api === Karéta api nu ngaliwatan wilayah Kabupatén Sukabumi nyaéta: * [[Karéta api Siliwangi|Karéta Api Siliwangi]], jurusan Sukabumi-Cipatat<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bandung.kompas.com/read/2022/06/14/123212178/jadwal-dan-harga-tiket-ka-siliwangi-sukabumi-cianjur-pp|title=Jadwal dan Harga Tiket KA Siliwangi Sukabumi-Cianjur PP Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221142116/https://bandung.kompas.com/read/2022/06/14/123212178/jadwal-dan-harga-tiket-ka-siliwangi-sukabumi-cianjur-pp|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> * [[Karéta api Pangrango|Karéta Api Pangrango]], jurusan Sukabum-Bogor<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1580512/kereta-api-pangrango-bogor-sukabumi-mulai-beroperasi-hari-ini|title=Kereta Api Pangrango Bogor-Sukabumi Mulai Beroperasi Hari Ini|last=Setiawan|first=Kodrat|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221142116/https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1580512/kereta-api-pangrango-bogor-sukabumi-mulai-beroperasi-hari-ini|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> Stasiun karéta api nu aya di Kabupatén Sukabumi, di antarana:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/jabar-gaskeun/d-6287363/daftar-dan-lokasi-121-stasiun-kereta-api-di-jawa-barat|title=Daftar dan Lokasi 121 Stasiun Kereta Api di Jawa Barat|last=Gandapurnama|first=Baban|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221142117/https://www.detik.com/jabar/jabar-gaskeun/d-6287363/daftar-dan-lokasi-121-stasiun-kereta-api-di-jawa-barat|archivedate=2023-02-21}}</ref> * [[Stasion Cibadak]] * [[Stasion Cicurug]] * [[Stasion Cireungas|Stasion Cireunghas]] * [[Stasion Cisaat]] * [[Stasion Gandasoli]] Cipurut, Cireunghas * [[Stasion Karangtengah|Stasion Karang Tengah]] * [[Stasion Parungkuda|Stasion Parungkuda.]] == Ekonomi == Séktor konstruksi nyumbang nilai leuwih kana perékonomian Kabupatén Sukabumi gedéna Rp8,644 triliun atawa 12,22 persén tina total perékonomian Kabupatén Sukabumi tur nempatan ranking kaopat. Taun 2020, séktor konstruksi nyumbang 11,74% tina total perékonomian. <ref name=":7" /> Séktor dadagangan nyumbang 16,89 persén kana total perékonomian Kabupatén Sukabumi (PDRB) di taun 2021. Dadagangan ti panjual gedé jeung écéran nyumbang 16,89 persén, sedengkeun séktor jasa ngoméan [[motor]] jeung [[mobil]] nyumbang 16,91 persén kana total PDRB Kabupatén Sukabumi. Di taun 2021, Kabupatén Sukabumi miboga 12 pasar, 4.574 kios, 403 ''minimarket'', jeung 3 mal atawa plaza.<ref name=":7" /> Inflasi atawa naékna harga-haraga di bulan Januari-Desembér numutkeun kana parobahan Indeks Harga Konsumén (IHK) di taun 2020-2021 condong turun tina 1,84 persén jadi 1,71 persén. <ref name=":7" /> Jumlah kopérasi di Kabupatén Sukabumi taun 2021 aya 2.205 unit. Di handap ieu daptar jenis jeung jumlah koperasi nu aya di Kabupatén Sukabumi: <ref name=":7" /> {| class="wikitable" !Nomer !Jenis Koperasi !Jumlah Koperasi |- |1 |Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) |39 unit |- |2 |Koperasi Pagawé Républik Indonésia (KPRI) |92 unit |- |3 |Koperasi Karyawan (Kopkar) |176 unit |- |4 |Koperasi Pondok Pasantrén (Kopontrén) |150 unit |- |5 |Koperasi Nginjem jeung Pembiayaan Syariah |212 unit |- |6 |Koperasi nu séjén (Koperasi sakola, serba usaha jsb) |1.536 unit |} == Pariwisata == [[Gambar:Seni Rengkong Ciptagelar.jpg|jmpl|Seni Réngkong di Kampung Adat Ciptagelar]] [[Gambar:PPN Palabuhanratu 03.jpg|jmpl|Basisir Palabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi]] Séktor pariwisata mangrupakeun hal anu bisa dionjoykeun ti Kabupatén Sukabumi. Ieu hal dilantarankeun posisi [[Géografi|géografis]] Kabupatén Sukabumi anu stratégis, ti mimiti wisata [[alam]] anu ngawengku [[gunung]], [[leuweung]], [[basisir]], jeung anu séjénna. Ngaliwatan séktor pariwisata, bisa ngahasilkeun hal anu poténsial pikeun nyaimbangkeun kaayaan [[ékonomi]] di Kabupatén Sukabumi. Totalna kurang leuwih aya 34 tempat wisata, 8 tempat wisata jieuanan manusa, aya ogé 8 tempat wisata minat husus. Dumasar data, jumlah wisatawan anu datang ka Kabupatén Sukabumi diunggal taunna minatna terus naék. Di taun [[2014]], peningkatanana nepi ka 6,93%. Sedengkeun [[Bangsar|bangsa]] deungeun anu datang ka Kabupatén Sukabumi di taun 2014 ogé naék nepi ka 51,26%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://investasi.sukabumikab.go.id/pariwisata.html|title=Peluang Investasi Sektor Pariwisata Kabupaten Sukabumi|last=SUKABUMI|first=BPMPT KAB|website=BPMPT Kab. Sukabumi|language=In-Id|accessdate=2023-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212054738/https://investasi.sukabumikab.go.id/pariwisata.html|archivedate=2023-02-12}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Data Wisatawan anu Datang Ka Kabupatén Sukabumi<ref name=":1" /> |'''No''' |'''Asal Wisatawan''' |'''2010''' |'''2011''' |'''2012''' |'''2014''' |- | rowspan="3" |1 |Nusantara |2.342.735 |2.551.807 |2,418.51 |2.845.079 |- |Ngéndong |473.496 |450.669 |479,935 |593.927 |- |Teu Ngéndong |1.869.239 |2.101.138 |2,180,557 |2.251.152 |- | rowspan="3" |2 |Bangsa Deungeun |55.795 |46.975 |47,985 |72.581 |- |Ngéndong |55.645 |37.270 |46,132 |62.108 |- |Teu Ngéndong |150 |9.705 |1,853 |10.473 |- | colspan="2" |Jumlah |2.398.530 |2.598.782 |2.708.477 |2.917.660 |} === ''G'''é'''opark'' Ciletuh === [[Gambar:Stamp of Indonesia - 2019 - Colnect 869409 - Cimarinjung Waterfall.jpeg|jmpl|Gambar curug di ''Geopark'' Ciletuh]] Wilayah [[Taman Géologi Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu|''Géopark'' Ciletuh]] geus meunang pangakuan ti UNESCO Global ''G'''é'''opark'' ngaliwatan sidang eksekutif pamimpin UNESCO ka-204. Lega kawasan ''Géopark'' Ciletuh ngawengku dalapan désa di Kacamatan Ciemas jeung Ujung Genténg. Kaéndahan daerah ieu katenjo tina lobana curug, taman purba, pasir Panénjoan jeung sajabana anu jumlahna aya 64 poténsi wisata. Aya [[Curug Cimarinjung]], [[Puncak Darma]] jeung tempat panangkaran tukik. Wisata ''Géopark'' Ciletuh kaasup kana wisata gunung, batu, jeung basisir. Pamekaran kawasan pariwisata di Geopark Ciletuh geus dirojong ku pamaréntah ngaliwatan asup kana Rencana Pangwangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional taun 2020-2024. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wisatatangguh.kemenparekraf.go.id/objek-detil.php?id=11181|title=Aplikasi Geospasial Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif|website=wisatatangguh.kemenparekraf.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-22}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/share/qr4r8f368|title=Geopark Ciletuh Sukabumi Miliki 64 Potensi Unggulan Wisata|website=Republika Online|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222084806/https://republika.co.id/share/qr4r8f368|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bandung.kompas.com/read/2022/01/28/212502078/geopark-ciletuh-sukabumi-lokasi-rute-dan-jam-buka|title=Geopark Ciletuh Sukabumi: Lokasi, Rute, dan Jam Buka Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222084806/https://bandung.kompas.com/read/2022/01/28/212502078/geopark-ciletuh-sukabumi-lokasi-rute-dan-jam-buka|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref>[[Gambar:Pantai Karang Hawu, Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat.jpg|jmpl|Basisir Palabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi]] === Basisir Palabuhanratu === [[Basisir]] [[Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi|Palabuhanratu]] lokasina 60 km ti [[kidul]] [[Kota Sukabumi]]. Wates ieu basisir jeung [[Samudera Hindia]], beulah kidul [[Jawa Kulon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idntimes.com/travel/destination/putriana-cahya/potret-eksotis-pantai-pelabuhan-ratu-sukabumi|title=7 Foto Pantai Pelabuhan Ratu Sukabumi yang Eksotis, Pernah ke Sini?|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Cahya|first2=Putriana|website=IDN Times|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207091209/https://www.idntimes.com/travel/destination/putriana-cahya/potret-eksotis-pantai-pelabuhan-ratu-sukabumi|archivedate=2023-02-07}}</ref> Di taun 2016, Palabuhanratu dilélér jadi ''Warisan Budaya Tak Benda'' katégori Tradisi jeung Éksprési Lisan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4955228/mengenal-pelabuhan-ratu-yang-tetap-eksis-dan-lokasi-wisata-favorit-setiap-lebaran|title=Mengenal Pelabuhan Ratu yang Tetap Eksis dan Lokasi Wisata Favorit Setiap Lebaran|last=Komarudin|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212023407/https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4955228/mengenal-pelabuhan-ratu-yang-tetap-eksis-dan-lokasi-wisata-favorit-setiap-lebaran|archivedate=2023-02-12}}</ref> === Basisir Cimaja === Basisir Cimaja kawéntar ku alus ombakna jang olahraga selancar atawa ''surfing.'' Basisir Cimaja aya di Désa Cimaja, Kacamatan Cikakak, Kabupatén Sukabumi, belah wétan Palabuhan Ratu. Poténsi ombak basisir Cimaja geus dimangpaatkeun jang pasanggiri selancar internasional tur jadi tempat latihan peselancar lokal jeung mancanagara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2021/09/25/pantai-cimaja-sukabumi-punya-ombak-terbaik-lokasi-favorit-peselancar-lokal-internasional|title=Pantai Cimaja Sukabumi Punya Ombak Terbaik, Lokasi Favorit Peselancar Lokal - Internasional|website=Tribunjabar.id|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222225550/https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2021/09/25/pantai-cimaja-sukabumi-punya-ombak-terbaik-lokasi-favorit-peselancar-lokal-internasional|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> === '''Basisir Ujung Genténg''' === [[Gambar:Ujung Genteng 05.jpg|jmpl|Basisir Ujung Gent'''é'''ng]] Basisir Ujung Genténg pernahna aya di Désa Gunung Batu, [[Kacamatan]] [[Ciracap, Sukabumi|Ciracap]], Kabupatén Sukabumi. Di basisir Ujung Genténg, bisa ngalakukeun kagiatan ngala lobster jeung ngabudidayakeun [[penyu]] sacara langsung. Basisir anu deukuet lokasina jeung Ujung Genténg aya Basisir Amanda Ratu, Basisir Ténda Biru, Basisir Ombak Tujuh, Basisir Pangumbahan, jeung Basisir Cipanarikan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orami.co.id/magazine/pantai-ujung-genteng|title=Serba-Serbi Pantai Ujung Genteng, Wisata Pesisir Terfavorit di Jawa Barat|last=Soejoethi|first=Istihanah|website=www.orami.co.id|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212084039/https://www.orami.co.id/magazine/pantai-ujung-genteng|archivedate=2023-02-12}}</ref> === Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak === [[Gambar:Logo TN Gunung Halimun Salak.png|jmpl|Logo Taman Nasonal Gunung Halimun-Salak]] Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak nyaéta lokasi konsérvasi [[alam]] di Propinsi Jawa Kulon, anu pernahna aya di tengah kawasan [[Gunung Halimun]] jeung [[Gunung Salak]]. Di taun 2003 Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak ditetepkeun jadi taman nasional. Legana 113.357 Ha. [[Sajarah]] singget ngeunaan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, lalampahanana dikawitan ti taun 1924 nalika Gunung Halimun ditetepkeun jadi ''hutan lindung.'' Harita legana [[leuweung]] di Gunung Halimun 39.941 Ha. Ti status "''hutan lindung''", éta status dirobah jadi Cagar Alam Gunung Halimun ditaun 1935. Di taun 1992, status cagar alam dirobah deui jadi Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun, anu legana 40.000 Ha. Sanajan statusna geus jadi "taman nasional", tapi anu ngajaga éta kawasan masih kénéh ngahiji jeung Taman Nasional Gunung Gedé Pangrango. Kawasan Gunung Gedé mah geus mandiri sistem kelolana ti taun 1997. Di taun 2003, [[pamaréntah]] netepkeun jeung nambahkeun Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun jeung kawasan Gunung Salak. Nepi ka ayeuna kawéntarna jadi Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, anu legana 113.357 Ha.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://bandung.kompas.com/read/2022/03/09/160909378/taman-nasional-gunung-halimun-salak-sejarah-tiket-masuk-rute-menuju-lokasi|title=Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak: Sejarah, Tiket Masuk, Rute Menuju Lokasi Halaman all|last=Ciputra|first=William|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212062424/https://bandung.kompas.com/read/2022/03/09/160909378/taman-nasional-gunung-halimun-salak-sejarah-tiket-masuk-rute-menuju-lokasi|archivedate=2023-02-12}}</ref> [[Gambar:Volcanic activity of Kawah Ratu Gunung Salak, Halimun Salak National Park.jpg|jmpl|Kawah Ratu di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak]] Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak bisa jadi tempat pikeun [[panalungtikan]] jeung tempat wisata. Tempat wisata di ieu tempat loba pisan jenisna, contona aya [[curug]], puncak gunung, kawah, nepi ka [[candi]]. Curug anu aya di ieu tempat di antarana aya Curug Citamanja, Cipumulan, Cihanjawar, Citangkolo, Cibelang, Curug Cidahu, Curug Cibeureum, jeung réa-réa deui. Gunung anu aya di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak di antarana aya Gunung Halimun (1.929 mdpl), Gunung Botol (1.720 mdpl), Gunung Salak (2.211 mdpl), Gunung Salak II (2.190 mdpl). Lian ti éta, aya ogé Kawah Ratu di Gunug Salak, anu pernahna di sisi léréng belah kidul Gunung Salak, anu sacara administratif posisina aya di wates Désa [[Cidahu, Sukabumi|Cidahu]], Kacamatan [[Cicurug, Sukabumi|Cicurug]], Kabupatén Sukabumi.<ref name=":2" /> === Taman Nasional Gunung Gedé Pangrango === [[Gambar:Wikiearth- Kawah Puncak Gede Taman Nasional Gede Pangrango 3822.jpg|jmpl|Taman Nasional Gunung Gedé Pangrango]] Taman Nasional Gunung Gedé Pangrango atawa disingget jadi TNGGP mangrupakeun [[taman nasional]] anu diwangun tayn 1975 di kawasan Situ Gunung anu ditetepkeun jadi ''Taman Wisata''. Di taun 1980, Menteri Pertanian ngajeungkeun TNGGPP jadi taman nasional. Di taun 1979, Taman Nasional Gunung Gedé Pangrango ditetepkeun statusna jadi [[cagar alam]], anu legana 14.000 Ha. Di taun 1980, statusna dirobah deui statusna jadi Taman Nasional Gunung Gede, anu miboga lega 15.196 Ha. Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango ogé bisa digunakeun pikeun rékréasi, contona ''resort'' wisata Situ Gunung di Sukabumi, jeung ''resort'' Wisata Salabintana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/kpknl-bogor/baca-artikel/14485/Peran-Aset-Negara-dalam-Konservasi-Taman-Nasional-Gunung-Gede-Pangrango.html|title=Peran Aset Negara dalam Konservasi Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango|last=Bharata|first=Andika Putra|website=www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212082400/https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/kpknl-bogor/baca-artikel/14485/Peran-Aset-Negara-dalam-Konservasi-Taman-Nasional-Gunung-Gede-Pangrango.html|archivedate=2023-02-12}}</ref> [[Gambar:Ciptagelar.jpg|jmpl|Leuit di Kampung Adat Ciptagelar]] === Situ Gunung === Situ gunung nyaéta situ anu aya di lingkup Taman Wisata Situ Gunung anu asup kana wilayah Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango. Di dieu turis bisa nempo kaéndahan situ, kemping, ngaliwatan rawayan gantung pangpanjangna sa-Asia Tenggara, atawa leumpang nempo curug jeung walungan. Udarana masih seger sabab loba keneh tatangkalan, aya di taneuh anu luhurna kurang leuwih 850 metér. Fasilitasna ogé lengkep, aya musola, jamban, jeung tempat parkir. Karcis asup ka kawasan Situ Gunung hargana Rp16.000 di poé Senén nepika Kemis, jeung Rp18.500 mun asup poé Saptu jeung Minggu. Turis kudu mayar deui lamu hayang ngaliwatan rawayan kalawan mayar karcis Rp50.000 nepika Rp75.000 gumantung kana poé gawé atawa poé libur. Jambatan atawa rawayan gantung di Situ Gunung dijieun mangsa taun 2017 salila kurang ti 4 bulan. Salian situ, turis ogé bisa ulin ka Curug Sawér anu masih asup ka Taman Wisata Situ Gunung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/wisata/d-6309489/wisata-situ-gunung-sukabumi-rute-fasilitas-dan-harga-tiket|title=Wisata Situ Gunung Sukabumi, Rute, Fasilitas dan Harga Tiket|last=Fatimah|first=Siti|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222225555/https://www.detik.com/jabar/wisata/d-6309489/wisata-situ-gunung-sukabumi-rute-fasilitas-dan-harga-tiket|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://situgunungbridge.com/id/|title=Jembatan Gantung Situ Gunung|last=situgunungku|website=Situ Gunung Suspension Bridge|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222225556/https://situgunungbridge.com/id/|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> === Selabintana === [[Gambar:Tuin van Hotel Selabintana te Soekaboemi, KITLV 16356.tiff|jmpl|Jalan di Hotél Selabintana taun 1925]] Salian ti Situ Gunung, tempat wisata séjén di suku gunung Gede Pangrango di Sukabumi nyaéta Wisata Selabintana anu aya di Jalan Selabintana KM.7, Sudajaya Girang, Kacamatan Sukabumi, Kabupatén Sukabumi, belah kalér Kota Sukabumi. Harga karcis asup ka Selabintana numutkeun kana jenis kendaraan. Lamun motor karcisna Rp15.000, mobil sedeng Rp32.000, minibus Rp38.000, mikro beus Rp190.000, jeung beus gedé Rp290.000. Wisata Selabintana buka ti jam 7 isuk nepika jam 6 soré. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/taman-selabintana/|title=Taman Selabintana, Taman Asri Dengan Segala Keseruanya Di Sukabumi - NativeIndonesia.com|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222225549/https://www.nativeindonesia.com/taman-selabintana/|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> Di jero kawasan wisata Selabintana nyadiakeun kulah paranti ngojay, taman kaulinan, jeung hotél titinggal Walanda anu dijieun mangsa taun 1900-an. Daérah Selabitana kapanggih ku urang Walanda AAE Lenne (1853-1916) tuluy dijieun panginepan jang pajabat perkebunan basa harita.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/|title=Wisata Sejarah Peninggalan Belanda di Sukabumi|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220205902/https://www.kompas.com/|archivedate=2021-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotelselabintana.com/|title=Hotel Selabintana {{!}} Hotel &amp; Conference Resort|website=www.hotelselabintana.com|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222225550/https://www.hotelselabintana.com/|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> === Kampung Adat Ciptagelar === Kampung Adat Ciptagelar, pernahna aya di Désa [[Sirnaresmi, Cisolok, Sukabumi|Sirnaresmi]], Kecamatan [[Cisolok, Sukabumi|Cisolok]], Kabupatén Sukabumi, Jawa Kulon. Ieu kampung adat kawéntar ku [[tradisi]] [[Tatanén|tatanénna]], ogé geus bisa ngamangpaatkeun [[téhnologi]] pikeun média [[Literasi media|literasi]] masarakatna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/jabar/5-fakta-ciptagelar-kampung-adat-di-sukabumi-yang-miliki-stasiun-tv-sendiri.html|title=5 Fakta Ciptagelar, Kampung Adat di Sukabumi yang Miliki Stasiun TV Sendiri|last=Kautsar|first=Nurul Diva|website=merdeka.com|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212115400/https://www.merdeka.com/jabar/5-fakta-ciptagelar-kampung-adat-di-sukabumi-yang-miliki-stasiun-tv-sendiri.html|archivedate=2023-02-12}}</ref> [[Sajarah]] ngeunaan Kampung Adat Ciptagelar dikawitan ti taun 1368, pernahna di Cipatat Bogor. Tuluy, di taun 1983, ngalih ka Linggar Jati, pupuh masarakatna diganti ku Encu Sucipta. Di taun 2000, pupuhu jeung anggota masarakatna ngalih lokasi deui ka Ciptagelar. Ngaran Ciptagelar dicokot tina ngaran Sesepuhna nyaéta Encu Sucipta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/kampung-adat-ciptagelar/|title=Kampung Adat Ciptagelar, Review Tatacara Masuk, Larangan, Hingga Ciri Khas - NativeIndonesia.com|last=Ma'arif|first=Samsul|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212115401/https://www.nativeindonesia.com/kampung-adat-ciptagelar/|archivedate=2023-02-12}}</ref> [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Aflevering produkt in blokken van onderneming 'Tjipetir' (Preanger) TMnr 10012863.jpg|jmpl|Produksi Blok Gutta Percha Tjipetir Sukabumi]] == Wangunan Bersejarah == === Pabrik ''Gutta Percha'' ''Tjipetir,'' [[Cikidang, Sukabumi|Cikidang]] === Situs bersejarah titinggal jaman Walanda aya di Kampung Cipetir, Désa Cicarueh, Cikidang, Kabupatén Sukabumi, nyaéta mangrupa urut wangunan pabrik ''[[Gutta Percha]]'' ''Tjipetir''. Pabrik ieu baheula ngolah karét anu dipelak di daérah ieu. Lamun ti pusat kota Sukabumi, pabrik ieu jarakna 50 Km. Di jero pabrik ''Gutta Percha'' Tjipetir ieu aya laboratorium, pakakas ngolah bahan karét, masjid, tempat timbangan, jeung mesin produksi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sukabumiupdate.com/food-travel/31037/situs-bersejarah-peninggalan-kolonial-belanda-di-kecamatan-cikidang-kabupaten-sukabumi|title=Situs Bersejarah Peninggalan Kolonial Belanda di Kecamatan Cikidang Kabupaten Sukabumi - Sukabumi Update|last=Administrator|website=Situs Bersejarah Peninggalan Kolonial Belanda di Kecamatan Cikidang Kabupaten Sukabumi - Sukabumi Update|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222084802/https://www.sukabumiupdate.com/food-travel/31037/situs-bersejarah-peninggalan-kolonial-belanda-di-kecamatan-cikidang-kabupaten-sukabumi|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM West-Java interieur van het laboratorium van de nieuwe guttapercha-fabriek bij Tjipetir West-Java TMnr 60020169.jpg|jmpl|Pabrik ''Gutta Percha Tjipetir'' mangsa 1920-1930]] Blok geutah ''gutta percha'' buatan ''Tjipetir'' ieu pernah jadi omongan balaréa bangsa Eropa taun 2012 sabab kapanggih di basisir di sababaraha nagara saperti [[Inggris]], [[Spanyol]], [[Prancis|Perancis]], [[Walanda]], [[Jérman]], [[Norwégia]], [[Swédia]] jeung [[Dénmark|Denmark]]. Sabab blok ieu nepi ka Eropa sabab baheula pamaréntah Walanda pernah ngirim ka 16 juta blok produksi geutah ''Gutta Percha'' ka Inggris mangsa tungtung abad ka-19 dumasar kana jurnal anu judulna “''A Victorian Ecological Disaster: Imperialism, the Telegraph, and Gutta Percha''” jieunan John Tully ti University of Hawaii Press. Blok produksi geutah ''Gutta Percha'' sok dipaké jang bahan tambalan huntu, bal golf, jeung kabel di disimpen di handapeun cai/laut. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/11/28/180500265/mengenal-tjipetir-gutta-percha-dari-sukabumi-yang-ditemukan-di-eropa|title=Mengenal Tjipetir, Gutta-percha dari Sukabumi yang Ditemukan di Eropa Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222084801/https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/11/28/180500265/mengenal-tjipetir-gutta-percha-dari-sukabumi-yang-ditemukan-di-eropa|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> Tangkal Gutta Percha ieu loba dipelak di daérah deukeut pabrik, di Cikidang, Kabupatén Sukabumi. Tangkal ieu loba dipelak ku pamaréntah Walanda mangsa taun 1885. Ayeuna wangunan pabrik ieu asup kana wilayah operasional [[PTPN VIII Sukamaju]]. Sésa lahan anu geus dipelakan tangkal ''Gutta Percha'' ayeuna aya 333 hektar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptpn8.co.id/2021/09/7992/|title=Cerita Pohon Gutta Percha di Sukabumi, Pernah Dikirim Massal ke Inggris Tahun 1859 {{!}} PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII|last=Redaksi|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222084809/https://www.ptpn8.co.id/2021/09/7992/|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> == Puseur Pangbalanjaan == {| class="wikitable" |+Pasar di Kabupatén Sukabumi Taun 2017/2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/statictable/2020/02/03/230/inventaris-pasar-di-kabupaten-sukabumi-tahun-2017-2018.html|title=Inventaris Pasar Di Kabupaten Sukabumi Tahun 2017/2018|last=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sukabumi|website=sukabumikab.bps.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218014047/https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/statictable/2020/02/03/230/inventaris-pasar-di-kabupaten-sukabumi-tahun-2017-2018.html|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> | rowspan="3" |'''NO''' | colspan="2" rowspan="3" |'''KACAMATAN''' | rowspan="3" |'''WILAYAH (Km<sup>2</sup>)''' | rowspan="3" |'''JUMLAH PADAGANG''' | colspan="2" rowspan="2" |'''KAGIATAN''' | |- | |- |'''HARIAN''' |'''MINGGUAN''' | |- | colspan="3" |'''PASAR TIPE A''' | | | | | |- |1 |[[Cicurug, Sukabumi|Cicurug]] |Pasar Cicurug |46.376 |1.397 |Harian | | |- |2 |[[Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi|Palabuhanratu]] |Pasar Palabuhanratu |102.879 |1.029 |Harian | | |- |3 |[[Cibadak, Sukabumi|Cibadak]] |Pasar Cibadak |62.893 |1.569 |Harian | | |- |4 |[[Cisaat, Sukabumi|Cisaat]] |Pasar Cisaat |21.454 |901 |Harian | | |- |5 |[[Parungkuda, Sukabumi|Parungkuda]] |Pasar Parungkuda |31.828 |896 |Harian | | |- | colspan="3" |'''PASAR TIPE B''' | | | | | |- |6 |[[Suradé, Sukabumi|Suradé]] |Pasar Suradé |133.931 |248 |Harian | | |- |7 |[[Sukaraja, Sukabumi|Sukaraja]] |Pasar Sukaraja |41.99 |416 |Harian | | |- |8 |[[Jampang Kulon, Sukabumi|Jampangkulon]] |Pasar Jampangkulon |154.881 |179 |Harian | | |- |9 |[[Kebonpedes, Sukabumi|Kebonpedes]] |Pasar Jubleg |10.348 |300 |Harian | | |- |10 |[[Sagaranten, Sukabumi|Sagaranten]] |Pasar Sagaranten |122.046 |163 |Harian | | |- |11 |[[Cikembar, Sukabumi|Cikembar]] |Pasar Cikembar |86.518 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |Harian | | |- | colspan="7" |'''PASAR SASATOAN''' | |- |1 |[[Suradé, Sukabumi|Suradé]] |Pasar Suradé |133.931 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |Harian | | |- |2 |[[Curugkembar, Sukabumi|Curugkembar]] |Pasar Curugkembar |54.078 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |Harian | | |- | colspan="7" |'''PASAR SWASTA''' | |- |1 |[[Gunungguruh, Sukabumi|Gunungguruh]] |Pasar Kertaraharja |22.851 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |Harian | | |- |2 |[[Sukaraja, Sukabumi|Sukaraja]] |Pasar Sukaraja |46.376 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |Harian | | |- |3 |[[Warung Kiara, Sukabumi|Warungkiara]] |Pasar Warungkiara |92.979 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |Harian | | |- |4 |[[Cikembar, Sukabumi|Cikembar]] |Pasar Cikembar |86.518 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |Harian | | |} == Kasenian == ===== Ngagondang ===== Di [[kacamatan]] [[Waluran, Sukabumi|Waluran]] aya salasahiji [[Seni|kasenian]] anu ngirut tur dimumulé ku masarakatna, nyaéta [[tradisi]] ngagondang. Seni [[gondang]] mangrupakeun hiji tradisi anu mintonkeun prosés ngolah [[paré]] jadi [[béas]] anu ngagunakeun [[Pakakas Tatanén Tradisional|pakakas]] [[halu]] jeung [[lisung]]. Lisung nyaéta pakakas pikeun ngolah paré anu wangunna kawas [[parahu]]. Kawitna seni gondang miboga udagan pikeun upacara ngabagéakeun [[Nyi Pohaci Sangyang Sri|Nyi Pohaci Sanghyang Sri]] atawa Déwi Paré.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kabarsukabumi.com/news/2410/mengenal-kesenian-ngagondang-salah-satu-kekayaan-kawasan-geopark-ciletuh-yang-diakui-unesco|title=Mengenal Kesenian Ngagondang Salah Satu Kekayaan kawasan Geopark Ciletuh yang diakui UNESCO|last=VANGROUFIVE|website=https://kabarsukabumi.com|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218020234/https://kabarsukabumi.com/news/2410/mengenal-kesenian-ngagondang-salah-satu-kekayaan-kawasan-geopark-ciletuh-yang-diakui-unesco|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> Kiwari, tradisi ngagondang lain saukur dipintonkeun nalika musim panén, tapi jadi modal pikeun ngirut anu datang ka Waluran, hususna anu datang ka Ciletuh Géopark.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=ngagondang+sukabumi&oq=ngagondang+sukabumi&aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160.4650j1j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&safe=active&ssui=on|title=ngagondang sukabumi - Pamaluruhan Google|last=Fitriansyah|website=www.google.com|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218021028/https://www.google.com/search?q=ngagondang+sukabumi&oq=ngagondang+sukabumi&aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160.4650j1j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&safe=active&ssui=on|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> ===== Jipéng ===== Jipéng mangrupakeun salasahiji [[seni]] tradisional ti [[Propinsi]] Jawa Kulon, anu miboga tilu unsur kasenian di jerona nyaéta tanjidor, [[Ketuk tilu|ketuk tilu,]] jeung [[topéng]]. Taun 1923 mangrupakeun awal kasenian Jipéng diwanohkeun. Mimitina, Jipéng téh tina seni tanjidor anu sok dipintonkeun di Kasepuhan Ciptagelar. Ieu kasenian mangrupakeun bagéan tina kagiatan anu mindeng dilakukeun di [[huma]] jeung [[sawah]]. Lian ti éta ogé miboga fungsi pikeun hiburan keur masarakatna. [[Ritual]] tanji miboga udagan pikeun ngusir [[sato]] anu sok ngaganggu masarakat nalika ngalakukeun prosés kagiatan di huma jeung sawah. Lian ti kagiatan di huma jeung sawah, tanji ogé dipintonkeun dina acara [[adat]] anu dilaksanakeun ku Kasepuhan Ciptagelar. Salasahijina dipintonkeun dina kagiatan ''opatbelasan.'' Pintonanana mangrupa musik tanji, teu maké [[lagu]] jeung tari. Lantaran durasina panjang, jeung pintonanana kitu-kitu waé, ahirna para seniman di Kasepuhan Ciptagelar nambahkeun seni ketuk tilu jeung Sandiwara Sunda (topéng) dina pintonanana. Ti saprak digubah, seni tanjidor anu dikolaborasikeun jeung ketuk tilu sarta topéng téh dingaranan Jipéng.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|title=Jipeng, Kesenian Tradisional dari Sukabumi - Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Jawa Barat|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/jipeng-kesenian-tradisional-dari-sukabumi/|newspaper=Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Jawa Barat|date=2019-11-19|access-date=2023-02-18|language=en-US|last=Admin_BPK_Wil_IX|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218023307/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/jipeng-kesenian-tradisional-dari-sukabumi/|archive-date=2023-02-18}}</ref> Bagéan kahiji nalika mintonkeun jipéng dikawitan ku musik tanji. Béda jeung seni tanji biasana anu mangrupakeun musik instruméntal, dina pintonan Jipéng mah musik tanji mangrupakeun iringan pikeun anu rék ngahaleuang. Sanggeus musik tanji, dituluykeun kana [[ketuk tilu]], anu mangrupakeun pintonan musik jeung tari. Ieu bagéan mantak ngirut panongton pikeun ngilu jogéd jeung panari. Bagéan kadua nyaéta [[jaipongan]] anu dipintokeun jeung musik tanjidor. Ieu kolaborasi ngahasilkeun seni anyar anu disebut Tari Jipéng. Kiwari tari Jipéng jadi ciri has anyar di Kabupatén Sukabumi. Mindeng dipintonkeun dina pagelaran individu atawa kolosal. Bagéan katilu nyaéta dituluykeun kana bagéan Sandiwara Sunda atawa sok disebut topéng. Mantak ngirut anu nongton lantaran aya dialog jeung adegan anu mantak seuri. Adegan sandiwara di ieu bagéan dipirig ku [[musik]] [[Kiliningan|kliningan]].<ref name=":4" /> ===== Sérén Taun ===== Sérén taun mangrupakeun upacara adat anu dilakukeun nalika panén [[paré]] di masarakat [[Sunda]]. Ieu acara dilaksanakeun unggal taun sacara rutin sarta dirayakeun ku sakabéh masarakat [[désa]] ti mimiti budak leutik nepikeun ka sepuh. Istilah sérén taun asalna tina kecap "sérén" jeun "taun". Dina basa Sunda, "sérén" miboga harti nyanggakeun. Sedengkeun kata "taun" mangrupakeun "tahun" dina [[basa Indonésia]]. Sérén taun mangrupakeun ucapan rasa sukur ka Gusti Allah tina hasil panén. Kiwari, mung sababaraha désa anu masih kénéh ngayakeun tradisi sérén taun, salasahijina nyaéta Kasepuhan Ciptagelar. Masarakat umum ogé bisa ninggali sacara langsung ieu tradisi. Sérén taun ogé mangrupakeun simbol ''ketahanan pangan'' pikeun masarakat Ciptagelar, ku kituna masarakat umum anu datang ka Ciptagelar nalika sérén taun bakal dibéré katuangan ku masarakat Kasepuhan Ciptagelar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://direktoripariwisata.id/unit/925|title=Seren Taun|last=Putra|first=Aditya Herlambang|website=direktoripariwisata.id|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218051649/https://direktoripariwisata.id/unit/925|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> ===== Parebut Sééng ===== Tradisi parebut sééng nyaéta tradisi anu mimitina mekar di [[Kabupatén Bogor]] hungkul, nanging lantaran minat kana [[silat Cimandé]] anu réa ieu tradisi parebut sééng nepi ogé ka Kacamatan [[Cicurug, Sukabumi|Cicurug]] Kabupatén Sukabumi. Ieu tradisi dipintonkeun nalika acara adat jatukrami. Tradisi parebut sééng dilaksanakeun saméméh acara akad. Tradisi parebut sééng dilakukeun ku dua [[lalaki]] sarta dipirig ku [[musik]] anu basajan ([[kendang]] [[Penca Silat|penca]]) sarta ngagunakeun [[raksukan]] anu basajan ogé kawas pangsi, kamprét, dodot, jeung [[iket]]. [[Sééng]] miboga simbol hiji kahormatan hiji [[Bikang|awéwé]] anu teu bisa disamanéakeun ku lalaki, ogé teu gampang dipimilik ku lalaki. [[Panganténan Sunda|Pangantén]] lalaki karak bisa ditarima ku awéwé lamun bisa ngarebut éta sééng ti pihak awéwé, kalawan ngadu silat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://budaya-indonesia.org/tradisi-parebut-seeng-1|title=Tradisi Parebut Seeng » Budaya Indonesia|last=sulistiawati|first=Lisna|website=budaya-indonesia.org|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218053112/https://budaya-indonesia.org/tradisi-parebut-seeng-1|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> ===== Gékbreng ===== [[Téater]] has Sukabumi nyaéta Gékbreng. Gékbreng mangrupakeun [[drama]] tari anu sifatna banyol, anu eusi caritana mangrupakeun carita kahirupan sapopoé. [[Istilah perenah anatomi|Istilah]] gékbreng mangrupakeun gabungan tina dua kecap nyaéta "gék" jeung "breng" anu miboga harti [[diuk]] babarengan. [[Seni|Kasenian]] gékbreng diciptakeun ku Abah Ba'i ditaun 1918. Ieu kasenian mangrupakeun bentuk [[Éksprésionismeu (sastra)|éksprési]] ngeunaan teu adilna pangusaha di jaman harita. Abah Ba'i ngaragum sakabéh éta hal jadi hiji seni drama tari anu pinuh ku banyol tur dingarangan "gékbreng". Jadi, baheula mah gékbreng mangrupakeun sindiran-sindiran anu didugikeun ku cara banyol sangkan para pangusaha teu samanéa ku pangawasana.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://budaya-indonesia.org/Gekbreng|title=Gekbreng » Budaya Indonesia|last=Farizalex|website=budaya-indonesia.org|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218055537/https://budaya-indonesia.org/Gekbreng|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> Gékbreng dipirig ku [[gamelan]] ngagunakeun laras saléndro. Gékreng biasana dipintonkeun di panggung ''terbuka,'' contona kawas [[pendopo]] jeung buruan [[imah]]. Panongtonna diuk nguliling ngawangun huruf "U". Dékorasina basajan. [[Raksukan]] anu dipikabutuh ku pamaén dibagi jadi dua bagéan, nyaéta raksukan pikeun panari keplok céndol jeung raksukan pikeun panari ketuk tilu. Panari keplok céndol ngagunakeun raksukan [[kabaya]] pondok, [[batik]], jeung seléndang. Sedengkeun panari ketuk tilu ngagunakeun raksukan kabaya, batik, calana pangsi, jeung saléndang. Pamaén séjénna umumna ngagunakeun raksukan anu biasa digunakeun di kahirupan sapopoé kawas kaos jeung [[calana]] panjang.<ref name=":5" /> breng biasa dipintonkeun nalika siang atawa peuting. Nalika peuting biasana mikabutuh obor atawa oncor pikeun cahaya. k == Rujukan == {{reflist}} <br/> {{JaBar}} {{Kabupatén Sukabumi}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Sukabumi]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Jawa Kulon|Sukabumi]] [[Kategori:Artikel WikiMekar]] 62qr5iojth9wsq590a45hsi5kqoe6kk Kota Bandung 0 4920 729209 712047 2026-09-26T15:30:13Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 14 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Bandung|kabupatén nu ngaranna sarua|Kabupatén Bandung}} {{Infobox settlement | name = {{raise|0.1em|Kota Bandung}} | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{lang|su|ᮓᮚᮩᮂ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ}}}} | native_name_lang = su | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Daptar kabupatén jeung kota di Indonésia|Kota]] | translit_lang1_type2 = [[Basa Sunda]] | translit_lang1_info2 = {{lang|su|ᮊᮥᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ}} | translit_lang1_type1 = [[Basa Indonésia]] | translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|id|Kota Bandung}} | image_skyline = Montage of Bandung.jpg | image_caption = Ti luhur Ka handap: [[Gedong Saté]], [[Masjid Agung Bandung]], Bandung peuting, [[Jembatan Pasupati]], [[Gedong Merdéka]] | image_flag = Municipal Flag of Bandung, Indonesia.svg | image_seal =Bandung coa.png | nickname = {{lang-id|Kota Kembang}} <br/>{{lang-nl|Parijs van Sunda}} | motto = {{lang-su|ᮌᮨᮙᮂ ᮛᮤᮕᮂ ᮝᮤᮘᮝ ᮙᮥᮊ᮪ᮒᮤ}} <br>{{lang-id|Bersih Makmur Taat Bersahabat}} <br/>{{lang-en|Clean, Prosperous, Devout, Friendly}} | image_map = Map of West Java highlighting Bandung City.svg | mapsize = | map_caption = Lokasi di [[Jawa Kulon]] | pushpin_map = Indonésia_Bandung#Indonésia_Jawa#Indonésia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi di Pusat Kota Bandung, [[Jawa]] jeung [[Indonésia]] |latd=6 |latm=54 |lats=43.2 |latNS=S |longd=107 |longm=36 |longs=34.92 |longEW=E | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_format = dms | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Daptar nagara|Nagara]] | subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|Indonésia|size=23px}}}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Régional di Indonésia|Région]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Jawa]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Propinsi]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Karésidénan (country subdivision)|Sajarah karésidénan]] | subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of West Java (vectorised).svg|size=23px}} [[Jawa Kulon]] | subdivision_name3 = {{flagicon image|Statenvlag.svg|size=23px}} [[Parahiangan Karésidénan]] | established_title = Netep | established_date = 1488 | established_title1 = Konsolidasi | established_date1 = 25 Septémber 1810<br/><small>(salaku ''[[Munisipalitas|Gemeente]] Bandoeng'')</small> | parts_type = | parts = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | governing_body = Pamaréntah Daérah Kota Bandung | leader_title = Walikota | leader_name = [[Muhammad Farhan]] | leader_title1 = Wakil Walikota | leader_name1 = Erwin | total_type = Total | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 167.67 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = 1876.8 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 768 | elevation_ft = 2520 | population_total = 2,575,478 ([[Daptar kota Indonésia dumasar populasi|Ke 3]]) | population_as_of = 2014 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_blank1_title = [[Bandung Metropolitan Aréa|Metro]] | population_blank1 = 8,495,928 ([[Bandung Metropolitan Area|Ke 2]]) | population_demonym = *Bandungite <small>([[Basa Inggris]])</small> *Warga Bandung <small>([[Basa Indonésia]])</small> *Urang Bandung <small>([[Basa Sunda]])</small> | demographics_type1 = Démografi | demographics1_title1 = {{nowrap|[[Grup étnis]]}} | timezone1 = [[Wanci di Indonésia|Indonésia Bagéan Kulon]] | utc_offset1 = +7 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = [[Daptar kode pos di Indonésia|Kode pos]] | postal_code = 401xx, 402xx, 406xx | area_code = 022 | area_code_type = [[Daptar kode telepon di Indonésia|Kode aréa]] | registration_plate = D | blank_name_sec1 = [[Indéks Pangwangunan Manusa|IPM]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.801 ({{fontcolor|#007B00|Very High}}) | blank_name_sec2 = Kacamatan panggedéna ku aréa | blank_info_sec2 = Kacamatan Gedébagé – {{convert|9.58|km2|sqmi}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Kacamatan panggedéna dumasar populasi | blank1_info_sec2 = Kacamatan Babakan Ciparay (147,388 – 2015 ngirakeun) | website = {{url|portal.bandung.go.id}} | demographics1_info1 = *[[Urang Sunda]] *[[Urang Jawa]] *[[Urang Cina]] | demographics1_title2 = [[Ageman]]<ref name="SP2010agama">Data Sensus Penduduk 2010 - Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia <http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?tid=321&wid=3200000000&lang=id {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405221854/https://sensus.bps.go.id/main/index/sp2010 |date=2023-04-05 }}></ref> | demographics1_info2 = *[[Islam]] 91.70%<br> *[[Kristen|Kristen Protéstan]] 5.36%<br> *[[Katolik]] 1.95%<br> *[[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] 0.49%<br> *[[Hindu]] 0.09%<br> *[[Konghucu]] 0.03% <br> *[[Agama Sunda Wiwitan|Sunda Wiwitan]] 0.02% | pushpin_label = Kota Bandung | registration_plate_type = [[pelat STNK Indonésia|Régistrasi tutumpakan]] }} '''Kota Bandung''' (Éjahan Basa Indonésia heubeul: ''Bandoeng'') mangrupa [[ibukota propinsi|ibukota]] propinsi [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Indonésia]]. Aya di dataran luhur [[plateau]] 768 méter (''mean sea level'') di luhureun laut, di daérah kalér luhurna nyaéta ±1050 msl, di belah kidul luhurna nyaéta ±675 msl, ti kordinat 107° BW (Bujur Wétan) jeung 6° 55’ LK (Lintang Kidul), lega kota Bandung ± 16.767 héktar, dikurilingan ku pagunungan, mangrupa cekungan (''Bandung Basin'') sésa situ Bandung anu kawangun alatan bituna [[Gunung Sunda]], jumlah pangeusina kurang leuwih 2.1 juta jiwa. [[Kabupatén Bandung]] mangrupa daérah "sub-urban" disagédéngeun Kota Bandung. == Sajarah == Taun [[1488]], wewengkon nu kiwari disebut Bandung téh mangrupa wewengkon kakawasaan [[Karajaan Sunda|karajaan Sunda-Pajajaran]]. Dina mangsa dijajah [[Walanda]], pamaréntah kolonial [[Hindia-Walanda]] nyieun jalan pikeun nyambungkeun [[Batavia]] (kiwari [[Jakarta]]), [[Bogor]], [[Cianjur]], Bandung, [[Sumedang]], jeung [[Cirebon]]. Hal ieu penting pikeun mekarna Kota Bandung. Malah pamaréntah jajahan geus ngarencanakeun yén wewengkon Bandung téh rék dijadikeun puseur pamaréntahan Hindia-Walanda, ngan teu jadi alatan kajadian [[Perang Dunya II]]. Can aya panalungtikan kumaha dijieuna kota Bandung. Nu jelas, kota ieu diwangun lain dumasar paréntah [[Daendels]] (gubernur jéndral Hindia-Walanda). Kota Bandung diwangun dumasar paréntah [[Bupati]] [[R.A.A. Wiranatakusumah II]]. Sanggeus Indonésia merdika, Bandung jadi [[ibukota propinsi]] [[Jawa Barat]]. === Jaman kolonial Hindia Walanda === Dina abad ka-17 jeung ka-18, [[Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie|VOC]] ngadegkeun hiji wewengkon perkebunan leutik di Bandung kusabab taneuhna subur. Jalan nu nyambungkeun ka [[Batavia]] (ayeuna [[Jakarta]]), Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang jeung Cirebon diwangun dina 1786. Dina taun 1809, Louis Napoleon, nu harita jadi pangawasa Walanda jeung jajahan-jajahanana, maréntahkeun Gubernur [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walanda]] H.W. Daendels pikeun ngaronjatkeun sistem pertahanan [[pulo Jawa]] ngalawan ancaman Inggris. Daendels ngawangun jalan 1000 km nu ngahijikeun pesisir kulon jeung wétan Jawa. Kusabab bagian kalér Jawa Barat keur harita lolobana rawa, jalanna dialihkeun ngaliwatan Bandung.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Peter J. M.|first=Nas|last2=Pratiwo|date=2001|title=Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, The High Military Road|url=http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf|journal=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327110211/http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-27|accessdate=2022-08-26}}</ref> [[Jalan Raya Pos|The Great Postweg]] (ayeuna Jalan Asia-Afrika) diadegkeun dina taun 1810. Jalan Raya Pos boga pangaruh gedé lain ukur kana kamekaran Pulo Jawa tapi ogé kota-kota nu diliwatanana.{{Sfn|Nas|2002|p=718}} Bandung salah sahiji contohna. Mimitina, [[Jalan Raya Pos]] jarakna 11 km kaléreun Krapyak, ibukota Kabupatén Bandung harita. Daendels maréntahkeun ka Bupati Bandung ka-6 [[R.A. Wiranatakusumah II]] (1794-1829) ngawangun ibukota anyar Bandung dina sabudeureun jalan eta.{{Sfn|Hardjasaputra|2003|p=20}} Wiranatakusumah II tuluy milih lokasi di deukeut hiji mata air anu disebut Sumur Bandung, anu ayeuna jadi 'alun-alun. Sajalan jeung konsép tata ruang tradisional, Bupati R.A. Wiranatakusumah II jeung sajumlah rahayatna ngawangun istana, masjid agung, jeung pendopo ("''paviliun''") dina orientasi klasik.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Wajah Bandung Tempoe Doeloe|last=Kunto|first=Haryanto|year=1984|publisher=Granesia}}</ref> Pendopo nyanghareup ka gunung [[Tangkuban Parahu]], dipercaya boga pangaruh mistis. Bandung salaku ibukota kolonial kadua, tata kotana diwangun nurutkeun pola kota Batavia. Husus padumukan kolonial Walanda, diwangun di Bandung kalér anu dibagi jadi dua wewengkon, dipatok ti ''gementee'' ([[Balé Kota Bandung|balé kota]]). Di kuloneun ''gementee'' aya padumukan pikeun panganut Protestan, anu dicirian ku daérah pamisah dina bentuk [[Garéja]] Betel (di Jalan Wastukencana ayeuna). Sedengkeun di beulah wétan nyaéta wewengkon padumukan pikeun panganut agama Katolik, anu ditandaan ku hiji garéja katedral atawa St. Pieter (di Jalan Merdeka ayeuna). Teu jauh ti garéja diwangun ogé imah sakit jeung sakola Katolik atawa Protestan. Dua [[garéja]] ieu diwangun deukeut stasion [[karéta api]], diapit balé kota jeung jalan raya, disambungkeun ka wangunan pamaréntah jeung militér.{{Sfn|Suryanegara|2018|p=223}} Dina taun 1880, jalan [[karéta api]] utama munggaran di Indonésia diadegkeun, ngahubungkeun Batavia jeung Bandung.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Soemardi|first=Ahmad Rida|last2=Radjawali|first2=Irendra|date=2004|title=Creative culture and urban planning:The Bandung Experience|url=http://www-etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/210_p.pdf|journal=The 11th International Planning History Conference 2004|access-date=2022}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826041212/http://www-etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/210_p.pdf |date=2022-08-26 }}</ref> Ieu ngadorong industri leutik di Bandung. Migran ti [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]] ngariung pikeun milu ngajalankeun fasilitas, jasa, sareng mesin anu ngajual. Nepi ka ayeuna masih aya distrik leutik ''Chinatown'' anu lokasina aya di dekeut stasion karéta api. Sajaba ti éta, karéta ogé dijalankeun salaku bagian tina sistem pertahanan kolonial Walanda atawa bénténg stelsel. Di wewengkon Bandung, operasi tentara Walanda anu ngagunakeun jasa karéta api minangka bénténg stelsel, angkat ti [[Kota Cimahi|Cimahi]], tuluy ngalangkungan gudang kalér (Jl. Gudang Utara) sareng gudang kidul (Jl. Gudang Selatan) kanggo ngeusian logistik. Tuluy angkat ka Stasion Karéta Api Cikudapateuh kéngingkeun dukungan minyak tina Tangki Minyak (di Jalan Samoja ayeuna).{{Sfn|Suryanegara|2018|p=228}} Pangwangunan ieu dimimitian dina taun 1914 barengan ku Departemen Perang, jeung dituluy ku pangwangunan Departemen Jalan sareng Angkutan dina taun 1921. Dina taun 1906, Bandung dibéré status ''gemeente'' tuluy jadi ''stadsgemeente'' dina taun 1926. Ti taun 1906 nepi ka 1949, Bandung tumuwuh tina hiji kota sedeng kalayan 38.000 jiwa jadi Kota katilu di Hindia-Walanda kalawan 590.000 jiwa. Taun 1929, Bandung nyatujuan 'Rancangan Rencana' tata kota, anu legana 12.758 ha, dibagi kana rencana utamana pikeun wewengkon Kalér- jeung sabagéan Kidul kota.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bandung - A short history on Urban and architectural development|last=Passchier|first=Cor|url=http://www.pac-nl.org/downloads/bandungashorthostorycp08.pdf}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005231623/http://www.pac-nl.org/downloads/bandungashorthostorycp08.pdf |date=2022-10-05 }}</ref> Bandung lajeng ngembangkeun sorangan jadi hiji Resort Éropa ekslusif kalawan hotél, kafe jeung toko. Pamilik perkebunan anu beunghar datang dina sabtu minggu, kitu ogé awéwé sareng pangusaha ti ibukota, Batavia. Wewengkon pejalan kaki di Jalan [[Braga, Sumurbandung, Bandung|Braga]] parantos janten daérah elit kafe, réstoran jeung toko butik. Dua hotél gaya art-deco, Savoy Homann sareng Preanger, janten dua akomodasi utama di dinya. Paguyuban Concordia (ayeuna katelah Gedung Merdeka) diwangun salaku imah klub jalma-jalma beunghar ieu, lengkep sareng balai ageung jeung téater,<ref name=":0" /> nu ngajadikeun Bandung boga gelar "''[[Paris van Java|Parijs van Java]]''" tea. == Ngaran Bandung == Aya rupa-rupa pamadegan ngeunaanngaran Bandung, di antarana saperti kieu. * Istilah bandung aya nu nyebutkeun tina bendung, nyaéta [[Citarum]] Purba nu kabendung. * Ngaran Bandung minangka kabupatén ditulis dina peraturan tanggal 18 ''Lentemaand'' 1811 (18 Maret 1811), patali jeung parentah Gubernur Jénderal Daendéls pikeun meuli sato piaraan pikeun cadangan nyanghareupan serbuan [[tentara]] [[Inggris]] ka Pulau Jawa. * Dina peta Fr. Valentjn (1726) ngaran Bandung lokasina di kiduleun Gegerkalong ayeuna. * Tina katerangan Ibu [[Wiranatakusumah]] (istri Dalem Haji RHAA Wiranatakusumah V), ngaran Bandung disebut ku Bupati Wiranatakusumah II basa néangan lokasi anyar pikeun ibu kota kabupatén. Ngaranna dicokot tina [[parahu]] bandung, nyaéta dua parahu anu dihijikeun, ditalian pagigir-gigir. Eta parahu téh digunakeun ku Wiranatakusumah II pikeun lalayaran di Citarum. * Ceuk Atma, sesepuh Dayeuhkolot, Bandung téh tina leuwi Bandung, leuwi nu aya di walungan Citarum; Pandi, urut sipir bui Banceuy, nyebutkeun asal kecapna tina [[Sumur Bandung]], dua sumur nu aya di sisi Cikapundung (di alun-alun jeung PLN ayeuna). Ceuk dongéng, di éta sumur téh aya karaton Putri [[Kentring Manik]] jeung dulurna Eyang Dipayasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bandungbergerak.id/article/detail/801/ngaleut-bandung-riwayat-hantu-perkotaan-di-bandung|title=NGALEUT BANDUNG: Riwayat Hantu Perkotaan di Bandung|last=Ari|first=Alex|website=Bandungbergerak|accessdate=28 Pebruari 2023}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132549/https://bandungbergerak.id/article/detail/801/ngaleut-bandung-riwayat-hantu-perkotaan-di-bandung |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> * Kecap bandung téh tina kecap Banong, di Dago, tempat Andres de Wilde ngabangun vilana di awal abad XIX.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sajarah Sunda samemeh taun 1945|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/708356930|publisher=JPBD FPBS UPI|date=[2010]|location=[Bandung]|isbn=978-602-8460-09-5|oclc=708356930|last=Ruhaliah.}}</ref> == Motto == Motto Bandung kiwari nyaéta "Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti", sakumaha nu sok kabaca dina lambang Kota Bandung, nu hartina 'tanah subur rahayat makmur'. == Babagian wilayah == [[Gambar:Bandung City Subregions.svg|jmpl|babagian sub kacamatan di Kota Bandung aya tujuh, nyaeta Arcamanik, Cibeunying, Gedebage, ujungberung, Bojonagara, Kordon, jeung Tegalega|254x254px]] Kota Bandung dina taun 1906 ngabogaan lahan nu legana 19,22 kilométer pasagi (7,42 mil pasagi), dina taun 1987 geus dimekarkeun jadi 167,30 kilométer pasagi. Wewengkona dibagi kana 30 [[kacamatan]], nu kabagi deui jadi 153 kalurahan. Pikeun kaperluan pangwanguna, tilu puluh kacamatan teh dikelompokeun deui jadi dalapan subkacamatan (sub wilayah kota) anu boga ciri has masing-masing. Di antarana nyaéta subkacamatan [[Arcamanik, Bandung|Arcamanik]] husus pikeun pangwangunan jeung ngabina potensi olahraga (''Sportipolis''), [[Cibeunying Kalér, Bandung|Cibeunying]] husus pangwangunan cagar budaya jeung puseur kuliner (''Travelapolis'') , Kerees husus ngembangkeun wewengkon kreatif terpadu (''Karyapolis''), Kordon husus ngembangkeun fasilitas pikeun paméran produk karya jeung jasa (''Eksibisiopolis''), [[Gedébagé, Bandung|Gedebage]] husus wewengkon pikeun atikan luhur, ékonomi kréatif, komérsial jeung puseur pamaréntah (''Teknopolis''), [[Ujungberung, Bandung|Ujungberung]] wewengkon husus pangembangan seni budaya berbasis masarakat (''Sundapolis''), Bojonagara husus wewengkon pikeun bandara jeung industri strategis (''Aerobiopolis''), hiji deui nyaéta Tegalega husus pangembangan industri kreatip (''Mediapolis'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://invest.bandung.go.id/id/page/districts|title=Kecamatan|website=invest.bandung.go.id|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227081228/https://invest.bandung.go.id/id/page/districts |date=2023-02-27 }}</ref> {{:Daptar kacamatan miwah kalurahan di Kota Bandung}} == Pangeusi == Lolobana urang Bandung nyaeta katurunan Sunda. [[Urang Jawa]] jumlahna saeutik. Dina jumlah nu saeutik eta, lolobana ti bagian tengah jeung wétan Jawa. Pangeusi nu lainna nyaéta ti [[Urang Minang|Minang]], [[Minahasa]], [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok|Cina]], [[Batak]], [[Urang Malayu|Malayu]], Korea, [[India]], jeung [[Jepang]]. Bandung ogé mibanda komunitas internasional anu signifikan dibandingkeun jeung kota-kota Indonésia séjénna. Taun 2005, populasi Bandung aya 2,29 juta urang kalayan kapadetanana 13.690 unggal kilométer pasagina (35.457/sq mi). Jumlah ieu nambahan jadi 2,395 juta urang dina sénsus Méi 2010, jeung 2.444 juta urang dina sénsus Méi 2020. Dumasar kana data Badan Pusat Statistik, jumlah pangeusi Bandung dina pertengahan taun 2021 nyaéta 2,453 juta urang, anu ngajadikeun Bandung minangka kota kaopat anu pangpadetna di Indonésia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infojabodetabek.com/10-kota-dengan-penduduk-terbanyak-di-indonesia/|title=10 Kota dengan Penduduk Terbanyak di Indonesia|website=[https://www.infojabodetabek.com/ InfoJabodetabek.com]|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132544/https://www.infojabodetabek.com/10-kota-dengan-penduduk-terbanyak-di-indonesia/ |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> == Geografis == [[Gambar:Cekungan Bandung.jpg|jmpl|Cekungan Bandung di cokot ti Gunung Batu, salasahiji wewengkon di Bandung Kaler]] Bandung katelah dilingkung ku [[gunung]], ku kituna wangun morfologi wilayahna katinggal sapertos cekungan atawa mangkok raksasa. Sacara geografis dataran Bandung aya di ±768 meter di luhur permukaan laut, kalawan titik pangluhurna di 1.050 meter sarta panghandapna di 675 meter. Lokasi Kota Bandung aya kira-kira 180 kilométer (110 mil) ti arah tenggara ibukota [[Jakarta]] jauhna, di sakurilingna aya dataran [[Gunung Merapi|vulkanik]] Tersier jeung Kuarter Akhir dina saluhureun 2.400 méter (7.900 kaki).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=van der Kaars|first=W. A.|last2=Dam|first2=M. A. C.|date=1995-08-01|title=A 135,000-year record of vegetational and climatic change from the Bandung area, West-Java, Indonesia|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/003101829400121N|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|language=en|volume=117|issue=1|pages=55–72|doi=10.1016/0031-0182(94)00121-N|issn=0031-0182}}</ref> Legana Kota Bandung anu kurang leuwih 400 kilométer pasagi teh aya di tengah-tengah [[Cekungan Bandung]] anu legana 2.340,88 kilométer pasagi (903,82 sq mi). Sajaba ti Kota Bandung, ieu Cekungan ngawengku [[Kota Cimahi]], sabagéan [[Kabupatén Bandung]], sabagéan [[Kabupatén Bandung Kulon]], jeung sabagéan deui [[Kabupatén Sumedang]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iges.or.jp/en/fw/report01.html|title=Groundwater Resource Management in Bandung|last=Wangsaatmaja|first=Setiawan|last2=Sutadian|first2=Arief D|website=web.archive.org|publisher=Sustainable Groundwater Management in Asian Cities|accessdate=2023-02-27|last3=Prasetiati|first3=Maria A.N|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902174254/http://www.iges.or.jp/en/fw/report01.html|archivedate=2006-09-02}}</ref> [[Gambar:Sungai-Cikapundung-Bandung-1.png|jmpl|Jembatan Cikapundung anu dicokot tina salasahiji jambatan leutik nu aya di Jalan Wastu Kencana|265x265px]] Tina Cekungan ieu kabentuk [[walungan Citarum]] anu jadi sumber cai utama pikeun wewengkon di sakitarna nu bisa diinum, dimangpaatkeun jadi sarana [[irigasi]], perikanan, jeung cadangan cai taneuh 6.147 juta méter kubik.<ref name=":1" /> Salasahiji cabangna nyaéta [[Walungan Cikapundung|Cikapundung]], anu ngabagi Bandung ti kaler ka kidul tuluy ngahiji deui jeung Citarum di [[Dayeuhkolot, Bandung|Dayeuhkolot]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citarumharum.jabarprov.go.id/mengenal-lebih-dekat-sungai-cikapundung-anak-sungai-citarum-terpanjang-di-kota-bandung/|title=Mengenal Lebih Dekat Sungai Cikapundung, Anak Sungai Citarum Terpanjang di Kota Bandung|website=[https://citarumharum.jabarprov.go.id/ Citaurm Harum Juara]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132549/https://citarumharum.jabarprov.go.id/mengenal-lebih-dekat-sungai-cikapundung-anak-sungai-citarum-terpanjang-di-kota-bandung/ |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Kota Bandung di beulah kalérna leuwih karasa pagununganana dibandingkeun wewengkon nu séjén. Didinya, aya gunung seuneuan nu puncakna datar, ngarana gunung [[Tangkuban Parahu|Tangkuban Perahu]] (Tangkuban Perahu dina asal katana, hartina 'parahu tibalik'), anu bisa ditempo ti kota ka beulah kalér. Kusabab ayana aktivitas vulkanik ti jaman baheula, taneuh di dekeut gunung jadi subur, cocog jeung pepelakan, contohna [[paré]], [[buah]], [[Entéh|entèh]], [[bako]], jeung [[kopi]]. Samentara, taneuh nu di beulah kidul jeung wetan lolobana dipinuhan ku taneuh [[aluvial]] akibat endapan ti walungan Cikapundung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geografi.org/2017/12/kondisi-geografi-kota-bandung.html|title=Kondisi Geografi Kota Bandung|last=|first=|website=Geografi.org|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132544/https://www.geografi.org/2017/12/kondisi-geografi-kota-bandung.html |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Data ti ahli [[géologi]] nunjukkeun baheulana Cekungan Bandung teh kaasup ti hiji gunung seuneuan purba nu gedé nyaéta [[Gunung Sunda]]. Gunung nu luhurna nepi ka 3.000–4.000 méter (9.800–13.100 ''kaki'') geus aya dina mangsa [[Pleistosen|Pleistosin]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kartadinaka|first=Mochamad Nugraha|last2=Okuno|first2=Mitsuru|last3=Nakamura|first3=Toshio|last4=Kobayashi|first4=Tetsuo|date=Eruptive History of Tangkuban Perahu Volcano, West Java, Indonesia: A Preliminary Report|title=Eruptive History of Tangkuban Perahu Volcano, West Java, Indonesia|url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography1889/111/3/111_3_404/_article|journal=Journal of Geography|doi=10.5026/jgeography.111.3_404|access-date=27 Februari 2023}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227060119/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography1889/111/3/111_3_404/_article |date=2023-02-27 }}</ref> Dina prosés geologis salila rébuan taun, pernah aya dua kali letusan skala badag; akibat ti letusan kahiji ngabentuk hiji cekungan, tuluy letusan nu kaduana (kira-kira 55.000 SM) ngahalangan walungan Citarum jeung ngarobah éta cekungan jadi situ nu katelah "''Danau Prasejarah Besar Bandung''". Ngan ti kalangan ahli geologi, prosés eta didebatkeun kénéh nepi ka ayeuna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/2005/0905/27/0108.htm|title=Sangiangtikoro bukan Tempat Bobolnya Danau Bandung Purba|website=Pikiran Rakyat|publisher=Pikiran Rakyat|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120458/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/2005/0905/27/0108.htm|archivedate=2007-09-29}}</ref> === Iklim === Bandung ngaliwatan ku iklim [[muson tropis]] (Am) numutkeun klasifikasi [[iklim Köppen]], nyaéta total curah hujan di bulan pang keringna kurang ti 60 miliméter (2,4 in). Bulan nu pang baseuhna nyaéta Januari, kalayan total curah hujan 266 milimeter (10,04 inci), sedengkeun bulan anu pang keringna nyaéta Agustus, kalayan total curah hujan 37 milimeter (1,97 inci).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://id.weatherspark.com/y/118121/Cuaca-Rata-rata-pada-bulan-in-Kota-Bandung-Indonesia-Sepanjang-Tahun|title=Iklim, Cuaca Menurut Bulan, Suhu Rata-Rata Kota Bandung (Indonesia)|website=[https://id.weatherspark.com/ Weather Spark]|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132541/https://id.weatherspark.com/y/118121/Cuaca-Rata-rata-pada-bulan-in-Kota-Bandung-Indonesia-Sepanjang-Tahun |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Hawa di Kota Bandung rata-rata unggal taun biasana leuwih tiis ti kalolobaan kota di Indonésia, jeung deui hawana teu loba variasina ku lantaran lokasina deukeut jeung garis [[hatulistiwa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/733249/suhu-dingin-landa-kota-bandung|title=Suhu dingin landa Kota Bandung|last=Sudrajat|first=Ajat|editor-last=Purnamawati|editor-first=Desi|website=[https://www.antaranews.com/ Antara News]|publication-date=4 Agustus 2018|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132545/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/733249/suhu-dingin-landa-kota-bandung |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Bandung sakapeung kawéntar ku mindeungna kajadian angin [[puting beliung]]. Dina hiji catetan, angin puting beliung anu munggaran di wewengkon ieu lumangsung di [[Rancaékék, Bandung|Rancaekek]] (jaman Panjajahan Walanda taun 1933 nu narajang kota. Akibatna aya saurang nu maot, tujuh belas imah hancur, jeung tilu puluh imah ruksak parah, loba tatangkalan nu tumbang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/sejarahbandung/photos/a.269786156737993/738416549874949/|title=Sejarah Bandung - Ingat kejadian Puting Beliung di Rancaekek, tempo hari? Ternyata, kejadian tsb juga pernah terjadi di tahun 1933. Kejadian tsb menewaskan seorang penduduk dan membuat 17 rumah rusak berat. . . . . #Sejarah #sejarahbandung #Rancaekek #HindiaBelanda {{!}} Facebook|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405221907/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fsejarahbandung%2Fphotos%2Fa.269786156737993%2F738416549874949%2F |date=2023-04-05 }}</ref> Bencana sarupa lainna nyaéta dina tanggal 18 Désémber 2014 di Gedebage. Hiji angin puting beliung narajang éta wewengkon dina soré, nyebabkeun 85 hancur, pabrik-pabrik badag ogé ruksak parah, gedung perpustakaan hancur,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-2781839/puting-beliung-hancurkan-atap-perpustakaan-uin-bandung|title=Puting Beliung Hancurkan Atap Perpustakaan UIN Bandung|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225064325/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-2781839/puting-beliung-hancurkan-atap-perpustakaan-uin-bandung |date=2023-02-25 }}</ref> jeung aya saurang anu maot kusabab katuruban puing-puing tembok anu hancur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dream.co.id/stories/bandung-porak-poranda-karena-puting-beliung-1-tewas-141218p.html|title=Bandung Porak-poranda karena Puting Beliung, 1 Tewas|website=Dream.co.id|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225064313/https://www.dream.co.id/stories/bandung-porak-poranda-karena-puting-beliung-1-tewas-141218p.html |date=2023-02-25 }}</ref> === Perkara lingkungan === [[Gambar:Kampung Gajah Jalan Sersan Bajuri Bandung - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|Jalan ka arah Kampung Gajah]] Kota Bandung bagian kalér anu kasohor ku cadangan cai taneuh anu loba pisan, ayeuna ngalaman pangwangunan perumahan. Salasahiji bongbolongan pikeun ngimbangan ieu pangwangunan téh nya éta nyieun [[cagar alam]] samisal [[Taman Hutan Raya Juanda]] jeung Kawasan Punclut. Sajaba ti éta, masalah lingkungan anu paling umum nyaéta banjir di [[Bandung Kidul, Bandung|Bandung bagian kidul]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20211103102619-20-715932/banjir-rendam-3-kecamatan-bandung-selatan-puluhan-warga-mengungsi|title=Banjir Rendam 3 Kecamatan Bandung Selatan, Puluhan Warga Mengungsi|last=|first=|website=[https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ CNN Indonesia]|language=id-ID|publication-date=3 Nopember 2021|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228154103/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20211103102619-20-715932/banjir-rendam-3-kecamatan-bandung-selatan-puluhan-warga-mengungsi |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Musibah anu disababkeun ku kurangna atikan lingkungan anu jadi perhatian utama saprak pertengahan taun 2005 nyaéta longsoran sampah di wewengkon [[Kampung Gajah]] anu ngubur hiji désa sarta nelasan leuwih ti 100 jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-4906289/mengenang-tragedi-longsor-sampah-di-tpa-leuwigajah|title=Mengenang Tragedi Longsor Sampah di TPA Leuwigajah|last=Pradana|first=Whisnu|website=[https://news.detik.com/ detiknews]|language=id-ID|publication-date=19 Pebruari 2020|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132544/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-4906289/mengenang-tragedi-longsor-sampah-di-tpa-leuwigajah |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Ngaronjatna jumlah runtah rumah tangga nyababkeun polusi udara parah, [[polusi cai]], sareng panyebaran panyakit. pamaréntah propinsi dianggap malah kurang mampuh pikeun nungkulan masalah ieu. Sanajan kitu, Kota Bandung meunang gelar "Kota Paling Tidak Tercemar" saindonésiaeun dina taun 1997<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-1086299/bandung-raih-adipura-12-tahun-lalu|title=Bandung Raih Adipura 12 Tahun Lalu|website=[https://news.detik.com/ detiknews]|language=id-ID|publication-date=17 Februari 2009|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132539/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-1086299/bandung-raih-adipura-12-tahun-lalu |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> jeung 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/setelah-17-tahun-kota-bandung-raih-penghargaan-adipura-2015.html|title=Setelah 17 tahun, Kota Bandung raih penghargaan Adipura 2015|last=Rosadi|first=Dian|website=[https://www.merdeka.com/ merdeka.com]|language=en|publication-date=20 Nopember 2015|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132544/https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/setelah-17-tahun-kota-bandung-raih-penghargaan-adipura-2015.html |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Dua taun saterusna, Bandung meunang pangajén ti [[ASEAN]] salaku kota kalawan hawa bersih di antara kota-kota badag lianna di nagara ASEAN.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/652345/bandung-raih-penghargaan-asean-sebagai-kota-berudara-bersih|title=Bandung raih penghargaan ASEAN sebagai kota berudara bersih|last=Firmansyah|first=Asep|editor-first=Maryati|website=[https://www.antaranews.com/ Antara News]|publication-date=13 September 2017|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132544/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/652345/bandung-raih-penghargaan-asean-sebagai-kota-berudara-bersih |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> == Ciri lemah == Bandung kawentar ku lobana wangunan warisan arsitéktur Walanda: * [[Gedong Saté]], kiwari dipaké salaku kantor Gubernur [[Jawa Barat]]. * Hotél [[Savoy Homann]] di Jalan Asia-Afrika * [[Gedung Dwi Warna]] * [[Gedung Merdéka]], wangunan historis tempat lumangsungna [[Konperénsi Asia Afrika]] taun [[1955]] * [[Gedung Pakuan]], kiwari dipaké ''rumah dines'' Gubernur Jawa Barat * [[Gedung Yayasan Pusat Kebudayaan]] * [[Museum Géologi Bandung]] * [[Gedung UPI (Villa Isola)]] * sababaraha wangunan heubeul di Jalan [[Braga]] Ciri séjén: * Masjid Agung Bandung, di alun-alun Bandung * Babakan Siliwangi == Atikan == Bandung ayeuna boga leuwi ti 50 instansi atika siga perguruan tinggi, anu kawentar di Indonesia. Numutkeu kana hiji data, aya genep belas universitas di Kota bandung, tilu diantarana man Di Kota Bandung loba tempat pendidikan nu geus kasohor di antarana nyaéta : {{col|3}} * [[Institut Teknologi Bandung]] * [[Institut Teknologi Nasional]] * [[Institut Teknologi Adityawarman]] * [[Institut Teknologi Harapan Bangsa]] * [[Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung]] * [[Universitas Padjadjaran]] * [[Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia]] * [[UIN Sunan Gunung Djati]] * [[Universitas Pasundan]] * [[Universitas Komputer Indonesia]] * [[Universitas Katolik Parahyangan]] * [[Universitas Islam Nusantara]] * [[Universitas Kristen Maranatha]] * [[Universitas Islam Bandung]] * [[Universitas Advent Indonesia]] * [[Universitas Langlangbuana]] * [[Universitas Bandung Raya]] * [[Universitas Jendral Achmad Yani]] * [[Universitas Winaya Mukti]] * [[Universitas Nurtanio Bandung]] * [[Universitas Widyatama]] * [[Universitas Sangga Buana YPKP Bandung]] * [[Universitas Bhakti Kencana]] * [[Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung]] * [[Universitas Al-Ghifari]] * [[Universitas Nasional PASIM]] * [[STMIK Indonesia Mandiri]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika & Komputer Amik Bandung]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika & Komputer Likmi]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Telkom]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata (NHI)]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata AKTRIPA]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Bisnis Telkom]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Tekstil]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Hukum Bandung]] * [[Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung|Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung (PMS - ITB)]] * [[Politeknik Negeri Bandung]] * [[Politeknik Kesejahteraan Sosial]] * [[Politeknik Piksi Ganesha]] * [[Politeknik Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan Bandung]] * [[Politeknik Pos Indonesia]]{{end-col}} Iwal ti éta aya ogé SMA nu baris dipidangkeun daptar ngaran sakola di Bandung saperti ieu di handap: {| class="wikitable" !Ngaran SMA !Ngaran SMA !Ngaran SMA |- | * SMA Negeri 1 Bandung * SMA Negeri 2 Bandung * SMA Negeri 3 Bandung * SMA Negeri 4 Bandung * SMA Negeri 5 Bandung * SMA Negeri 6 Bandung * SMA Negeri 7 Bandung * SMA Negeri 8 Bandung * SMA Negeri 9 Bandung * SMA Negeri 10 Bandung | * SMA Negeri 11 Bandung * SMA Negeri 12 Bandung * SMA Negeri 13 Bandung * SMA Negeri 14 Bandung * SMA Negeri 15 Bandung * SMA Negeri 16 Bandung * SMA Negeri 17 Bandung * SMA Negeri 18 Bandung * SMA Negeri 19 Bandung * SMA Negeri 20 Bandung | * SMA Negeri 21 Bandung * SMA Negeri 22 Bandung * SMA Negeri 23 Bandung * SMA Negeri 24 Bandung * SMA Negeri 25 Bandung * SMA Negeri 26 Bandung * SMA Negeri 27 Bandung |} == Ékonomi == Ékonomi Kota Bandung diwangun ku rupa-rupa séktor, mimitian ti [[pariwisata]], [[Bisnis di Kota Bandung|bisnis]], [[Industri kreatif di Kota Bandung|industri kreatif]], téknologi, [[Industri manufaktur di Kota Bandung|industri manufaktur]], [[Atikan di Kota Bandung|lembaga atikan]], jasa ritel, jasa keuangan, pausahaan farmasi jeung industri dahareun. Salah sahiji wewengkon anu katelah puseur bisnis jeung hiburan nyaéta Dago anu sumebar di sapanjang [[Jalan Dago]]. Disagigireun ti éta, aya ogé [[Jalan Cihampelas]] anu masih kawéntar ku puseur toko bajuna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20150722/12/454756/menengok-dulu-dan-kini-kawasan-wisata-belanja-cihampelas-bandung|title=Menengok Dulu dan Kini Kawasan Wisata Belanja Cihampelas Bandung|last=Gifar|first=Abdalah|website=[https://www.bisnis.com/ Bisnis.com]|language=id|publication-date=22 Juli 2015|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132541/https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20150722/12/454756/menengok-dulu-dan-kini-kawasan-wisata-belanja-cihampelas-bandung |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Usaha-usaha leutik sarupa "''distro''" anu ngajual baju lokal, buku, rékaman label indie, majalah jeung asesoris sanésna ogé nyumbang kana pangwangunan ékonomi Bandung. Anu ngabedakeun antara ''distro'' jeung ''factory outlet'' nyaéta ari ''distro'' mah dieusian ku pangusaha-pangusaha ngora jeung desainer individu, sedengkeun ''factory outlet'' sacara umum asalna tina pabrik garmen skala gedé. ''Distro'' di Kota Bandung leuwih condong dipikaresep ku para nonoman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0308/22/muda/504835.htm|title=Dari Indie Jadi Sakti - Jumat, 22 Agustus 2003|website=Kompas|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134336/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0308/22/muda/504835.htm|archivedate=2007-09-29}}</ref> Pamaréntah Kota Bandung ngadukung usaha-usaha pangwangunan ieu ku cara mekarkeun tujuh kawasan industri jeung perdagangan pikeun produk has Bandung. Sababaraha di antarana nyaéta Sentar Industri jeung Perdagangan Rajut Jati Binong, Sentra Perdagangan Tekstil Cigondewah, Sentra Perdagangan Jeans Cihampelas, Sentar Industri Kaos Suci (T jeung Oblong), Sentra Industri Sapatu Cibaduyut, Sentra Industri Tahu jeung Tempe Cibuntu, jeung Sentra Industri Bonéka Sukamulya Sukajadi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bandung.bisnis.com/read/20120601/550/971579/revitalisasi-7-kawasan-industri-dan-perdagangan-kota-bandung-terganjal-akses|title=Revitalisasi 7 Kawasan Industri dan Perdagangan Kota Bandung Terganjal Akses|website=BandungBisnis|publication-date=1 Juni 2012|accessdate=26 Pebruari 2023}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227101735/https://bandung.bisnis.com/read/20120601/550/971579/revitalisasi-7-kawasan-industri-dan-perdagangan-kota-bandung-terganjal-akses |date=2023-02-27 }}</ref> == Budaya == Bandung nyaéta salasahiji puseur budaya di Indonésia. Lolobana masarakat di propinsi Jawa Kulon jeung sabudeureunana mangrupakeun étnis Sunda, kukitu na basa Sunda mindeng dipaké minangka basa kahiji nu pikeun ngomong di jalan, sakola, kantor, atawa pasar [[pasar]], salian ti basa Indonésia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.inews.id/berita/kota-yang-menggunakan-bahasa-sunda-mayoritas-di-priangan-barat-dan-timur|title=Kota yang Menggunakan Bahasa Sunda, Mayoritas di Priangan Barat dan Timur|last=Warsudi|first=Agus|website=[https://jabar.inews.id/ iNews.ID]|language=id|publication-date=6 Januari 2023|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132539/https://jabar.inews.id/berita/kota-yang-menggunakan-bahasa-sunda-mayoritas-di-priangan-barat-dan-timur |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> === Arsitéktur === [[Gambar:Technische Hogeschool ITB (Institut Teknologi Bandung) te Bandung, KITLV D13249.tiff|kiri|jmpl|188x188px|Salasahij wangunan Institut Teknologi Bandung taun 1979]] Loba wangunan di Bandung anu nyirian arsitéktur-arsitéktur kolonial Walanda, utamana ''[[Art Deco]]'' tropis atawa ''[[New Indies Style]]''. Salahsahiji arsitékna, [[Henri Maclaine Pont]] boga pamadegan unggal gaya arsitéktur walanda teh kudu digabungkeun jeung tradisi budaya lokal atawa kudu bisa berinteraksi jeung sajarah lokal nu aya didinya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wiratman.co.id/ximages/architecture.pdf|title=Architectural Design Consideration for Modern Buildings in Indonesia|last=Wangsadinata|first=W|last2=Djajasudarma|first2=T.K.|website=Building Construction Technology for the Future: Construction Technology for Highrises & Intelligence Buildings.|publisher=INDOBEX Conf.|location=Jakarta|publication-date=1995|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614232909/http://www.wiratman.co.id/ximages/architecture.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14}}</ref> Conto wangunan hasil rancangan jeung jieunan Henri Maclaine Pont nyaéta wangunan [[Institut Teknologi Bandung|Technische Hogeschool te Bandung]] (Institut Téknologi Bandung kiwari) anu diwangun taun 1920. Kukituna anjeuna diangakat minangka Profesor Arsitéktur di éta universitas. Gaya hateup has Sunda anu mencolok katingal ngahias luhureun aula éta kampus.<ref name=":2" /> Di taun nu sarua, arsiték Walanda J Gerber ogé ngarancang wangunan pamaréntahan (''Gouverments Bedrijven'') anu keur harita pamaréntah kolonial Walanda arek mindahkeun wewengkon ibukota ti [[Batavia]] ka Bandung. Wangunan ieu katelah ku [[Gedong Saté]], dingaranan tina tihang leutik siga saté diluhur atapna. Ayeuna wangunan ieu dijadikeun kantor puseur pamaréntahan propinsi Jawa Kulon jeung kantor DPR.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bandung.go.id/news/read/6954/hjkb212-mengenal-gedung-sate-oh-ternyata-ini-asal-usul-namanya|title=#HJKB212 Mengenal Gedung Sate, Oh Ternyata Ini Asal Usul Namanya|last=|first=Humas Kota Bandung|website=[https://www.bandung.go.id bandung.go.id]|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132544/https://www.bandung.go.id/news/read/6954/hjkb212-mengenal-gedung-sate-oh-ternyata-ini-asal-usul-namanya |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Wangunan ieu mangrupakeun conto campuran antara gaya arsitéktur Kulon jeung Wétan, utamana di bagean tengahna aya campuran gaya Renaissance Italia tina struktur lengkung dina jangjang jeung struktur siga [[pendopo]] nu biasana aya di Jawa. Dina taun 1930-an, Bandung katelah laboratorium arsitéktur sabab loba arsiték Walanda anu ngayakeun ékspérimén pikeun ngadesain arsitéktur anyar. Albert Aalbers nambahkeun gaya semi modern kana Art Deco dina rancangan wangunan bank DENIS (1936) jeung renopasi Hotel Savoy Homann (1939). Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker mangrupakeun salasahiji ti saeutik arsiték anu pang saena, nambahkeun unsur asli kana karya senina, diantarana [[Villa Isola]] (1932), [[Hotél Preanger]] (1929), markas militér régional (1918), [[Gedong Merdeka]] (1921) jeung Gedong Réktorat ITB (1925).<ref name=":2" /> Sanajan Bandung geus lila kawentar ku lobana wangunan arsitéktur Walanda ti baheula, wangunan jangkung karek diwangun anyar-anyar ieu. Aya leuwih ti 100 gedong luhur di kota, sarta loba deui anu keur diwangun atawa karek direncanakeun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/city/100261/bandung-indonesia/type/3/1|title=Bandung {{!}} EMPORIS|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815102414/https://www.emporis.com/city/100261/bandung-indonesia/type/3/1|archivedate=2017-08-15}}</ref> === Wisata === [[Gambar:Monumen Patung Taman Hutan Raya Ir. Djuanda - panoramio (1).jpg|jmpl|Patung Ir. H. Djuanda di pintu asup Taman Hutan Raya]] Bandung mangrupikeun salah sahiji tujuan liburan akhir minggu pikeun kota pangdeukeutna, Jakarta. Kota ieu dirojong ku iklim tiis, perkebunan di dataran luhur, rupa-rupa kadaharan, toko ''fashion'' anu terjangkau hargana (''factory outlet'' jeung ''distro''), kebon binatang, jeung lapangan golf. Bandung ogé jadi tujuan balanja pikeun wisatawan asing siga [[Malaysia]] jeung [[Singapura]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/07/16/malaysians-flock-bandung-shop.html|title=Malaysians flock to Bandung to shop|last=Post|first=The Jakarta|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228030317/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/07/16/malaysians-flock-bandung-shop.html |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Sababaraha tempat wisata anu mindeng dikunjungan ku wisatawan di antarana; The Lodge Maribaya, [[Lémbang, Lémbang, Bandung|Lémbang]], Saung Angklung Udjo, Kawah Gunung Tangkuban Parahu di beulah kaléreun kota, Kawah Putih, jeung Situ Patenggang, hiji situ dikurilingan ku kebon enteh anu legana kira-kira 50 kilométer (31 mil) di kiduleun kota.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/situ-patengan-danau-legendaris-nan-romantis/|title=Situ Patengan, Danau Legendaris nan Romantis|website=Indonesia Kaya|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320102449/https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/situ-patengan-danau-legendaris-nan-romantis/ |date=2023-03-20 }}</ref> Pikeun ningali cekungan Bandung sacara jelas di sakuriling gunungna, wisatawan bisa nganjang ka Kawasan hutan lindung Bongkor ti arah ka Caringin Tilu, anu asupna ti Padasuka jeung Cicaheum ka kaler.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/603525/the-wind-breeze-of-bongkor-forest|title=The Wind Breeze of Bongkor Forest|last=Mulia|first=Prima|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228033655/https://en.tempo.co/read/603525/the-wind-breeze-of-bongkor-forest |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Hutan ieu aya dina 1.500 méter dpl (4.900 ft) sarta ditutupan ku tangkal pinus anu dikokolakeun ku pausahaan pamaréntah Perhutani, kira-kira 30 menit ti puseur dayeuh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bumn.go.id/perhutani/berita/0-Pinus-yang-Mengiurkan|title=Pinus yang Mengiurkan|website=Perum Perhutani|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214814/http://bumn.go.id/perhutani/berita/0-Pinus-yang-Mengiurkan|archivedate=2016-03-03}}</ref> [[Gambar:Sri Baduga Museum.JPG|jmpl|Musieum Sri Baduga nu lokasi na aya di Jalan BKR no 185. Koleksi di musieum ieu ngeunaan budaya jeung sajarah Sunda|260x260px]] Di kalér dayeuh ogé aya Ir. H. Djuanda nu bisa diaksés ngaliwatan Jalan Dago. Aya ogé Bukit Moko, tempat wisata anu kasohor ku pintonan sarta patung béntang baja raksasa anu disebut Puncak Bintang, anu bisa diaksés ngaliwatan arah Cicaheum. Bandung ogé mibanda sababaraha museum sajarah anu kasohor, saperti Musieum Géologi Bandung, [[Museum Pos Indonésia|Musieum Pos Indonésia]], [[Musieum Sri Baduga]], jeung [[Musieum Konferensi Asia Afrika]]. Pamaréntah kota ngarojong aksés ka wisata sajarah ieu ku operasi Bandros (beus wisata) saprak 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/412009/kota-bandung-resmi-operasikan-bus-wisata-bandros|title=Kota Bandung resmi operasikan bus wisata "Bandros"|last=|website=Antara News|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228033654/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/412009/kota-bandung-resmi-operasikan-bus-wisata-bandros |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> [[Gambar:Hotel Savoy-Homann aan de Groote Postweg te Bandoeng, KITLV 121308.tiff|jmpl|Wangunan Hotel Savoy Homan di Jalan Asia Afrika nu dicokot taun 1940]] Bandung ogé kasohor ku [[outlet]] pakéannana, nu ngirut pangunjung ti kota-kota sabudeureunnana (hususna ti [[Jakarta]]), utamana nalika ahir minggu jeung poé libur. Dina taun 1990-an, désainer lokal muka outlet [[industri]] pakéan Denim di sapanjang Jalan Cihampelas kalayan harga anu leuwih murah, ku kituna sok narik pengunjung ti kota-kota gedé sanés pikeun mésér barang-barang busana lokal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://asiatravel.com/bandinfo.html|title=ASIA TRAVEL - BANDUNG TRAVEL INFORMATION|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828161046/http://asiatravel.com/bandinfo.html|archivedate=2006-08-28}}</ref> Ayeuna kasohor minangka "Kota Wisata Balanja", sabab loba ''factory outlet'' nu ngajual produk garmén ''ex-export''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thingsasian.com/goto_article/article.2543.html|title=The Lively Pulse of Bandung|website=ThingsAsian Article|publication-date=27 April 2006|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427183652/http://www.thingsasian.com/goto_article/article.2543.html|archivedate=2006-04-27}}</ref> Salian ti Jalan Cihampelas, loba ''factory outlet'' ogé dibuka di Jalan Riau, Jalan Setiabudi, jeung Jalan Djuanda (katelah [[Jalan Dago]]). Hal ieu anu ngajadikeun Bandung kasohor ku industri garménna, produk nu teu ka[[ékspor]] dijula kalawan harga anu leuwih murah jeung alus keneh di ''factory outlet'' di Bandung, hususna di Jalan Ir. H. Juanda (Dago) jeung Jalan R.E. Martadinata (Riau). Sababaraha puseur balanja lainna anu kasohor di Bandung nyaéta Trans Studio Mall, Bandung Indah Plaza, Cihampelas Walk, Paris Van Java Mall jeung Paskal 23 Hyper Square. Aya ogé industri sapatu di [[Cibaduyut]], beulah kidul Bandung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ayobandung.com/baheula/pr-79727826/sejarah-cibaduyut-jadi-sentra-kerajinan-sepatu-di-bandung-raya|title=Sejarah Cibaduyut Jadi Sentra Kerajinan Sepatu di Bandung Raya|last=|first=|editor-last=Abdulsalam|editor-first=Aris|website=Ayo Bandung|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228135549/https://www.ayobandung.com/baheula/pr-79727826/sejarah-cibaduyut-jadi-sentra-kerajinan-sepatu-di-bandung-raya |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Loba kadaharan di Bandung. Bandung ogé kasohor ku dahareun hasna, saperti [[peuyeum]]. Bandung ngirut loba wisatawan ti [[Jakarta]], nu kadang-kadang ngalantarankeun [[kamacétan]] [[lalu- lintas]]. Pangpangna nalika sakabéh warga Jakarta keur liburan alatan [[APEC]] Convention, lalu-lintas di Bandung macét total leuwih ti 8 jam. === Olahraga === [[Gambar:Logo Persib.png|kiri|jmpl|121x121px|Logo Persib]] Bandung nyaéta markas [[Pérsib|Persib]] Bandung, kleup maén bal nasional anu ayeuna bersaing dina kompetisi maén bal pangluhurna Indonésia, Liga 1. Bandung ogé imah Prawira Bandung (urut Garuda Bandung), kleup baskét nasional anu ayeuna bersaing dina Liga Baskét. , kalayan pertandingan kandang na di GOR Citra Arena. Salian ti éta, jalan ka Lémbang jeung Dago téh mangrupakeun jalur anu réa warga satempat anu mikaresep kana sapédahan dina sabtu-minggu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bandungview.info/2013/10/car-free-day-dago.html|title=Car Free Day Dago|website=Bandung View|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102144050/http://www.bandungview.info/2013/10/car-free-day-dago.html|archivedate=2018-11-02}}</ref> Olahraga populér séjén di Bandung di antarana badminton jeung golf, kalawan sababaraha lapangan golf mindeng kapanggih di wewengkon kota.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/jendela-dunia/4-rekomendasi-tempat-main-golf-di-bandung-1ymnuzNbYxy|title=4 Rekomendasi Tempat Main Golf di Bandung|website=[https://kumparan.com/ kumparan]|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228132542/https://kumparan.com/jendela-dunia/4-rekomendasi-tempat-main-golf-di-bandung-1ymnuzNbYxy |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> === Media === Bandung minangka salasahiji kota metropolitan, boga sababaraha [[koran]] harian lokal, di antarana nyaéta ''Pikiran Rakyat'', ''Galamedia'', jeung ''Tribun Jabar''. Aya ogé sababaraha stasiun télévisi lokal nu beroperasi siga TVRI Jawa Kulon (stasiun régional umum anu nginfokeun sakitaran Jawa Kulon, anu kantor pusatna aya di tengah kota), Bandung TV, MQTV jeung PJTV.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobdg.com/v2/berikut-daftar-channel-tv-digital-area-bandung-dan-sekitarnya/|title=Berikut Daftar Channel TV Digital Area Bandung dan Sekitarnya {{!}} infobdg.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228150707/https://www.infobdg.com/v2/berikut-daftar-channel-tv-digital-area-bandung-dan-sekitarnya/ |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Loba stasiun radio Bandung anu beroperasi keneh, misalna [[Ardan FM]], KLCBS, MQFM jeung [[OZ Radio]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ppid.bandung.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/DAFTAR-RADIO-LOKAL.pdf|title=Daftar Radio di Kota Bandung|website=bandunng.go.id}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228150711/https://ppid.bandung.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/DAFTAR-RADIO-LOKAL.pdf |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> == Transportasi == Sarana transportasi utama di Bandung nyaéta angkot (angkutan kota) kalawan rute-rute anu geus tangtu. Aya ogé taksi anu jumlahna kiwari beuki loba, tapi éta ogé henteu populér. Beus nyadiakeun rute transportasi pikeun di jalan gedé tur jarakna anu jauh. Jalan karéta api ngahubungkeun Bandung ka [[Jakarta]] jeung [[Cianjur]] ka beulah kulonna, sarta [[Kota Tasikmalaya|Tasikmalaya]], [[Yogyakarta]] jeung [[Surabaya]] ka beulah wétanna. Karéta ogé mangrupa transportasi utama pikeun wilayah tatangga kaasup [[Cimahi]], [[Padalarang, Bandung|Padalarang]], [[Rancaékék, Bandung|Rancaékék]] jeung [[Cicaléngka, Bandung|Cicaléngka]] nu perlu bulak-balik ka Bandung unggal poéna. Bandara utama di Bandung nyaéta [[Bandar Udara Internasional Huséin Sastranegara]], nyadiakeun ''penerbangan'' ka kota-kota gedé di Indonésia. Sasak Pasupati diwangun pikeun ngahubungkeun beulah kulon jeung beulah wétan Bandung ngaliwatan ''lembah'' [[Walungan Cikapundung|Cikapundung]]. Panjangna 2.8&nbsp;km kalayan ''lébar'' 30-60 méter. Aya dua [[stasion karéta api]] utama di Kota Bandung, nyaéta [[Stasion Bandung]] pikeun karéta api éksekutip jeung bisnis, sarta [[Stasion Kiaracondong]] pikeun karéta api ékonomi. Salian ti éta, aya stasion-stasion leutik anu ngalayanan [[karéta api lokal Bandung Raya|KA lokal Bandung Raya]], saperti [[Stasion Cimindi|Cimindi]], [[Stasion Ciroyom|Ciroyom]] jeung [[Stasion Cikudapateuh|Cikudapateuh]]. Tuluy aya stasion husus peti kemas barang, nyaéta [[Stasion Gedébagé]]. Jalan tol Padaleunyi ngahubungkeun [[Padalarang, Bandung|Padalarang]], [[Cimahi]], beulah kidul Bandung jeung [[Cileunyi, Bandung|Cileunyi]]. Jalan tol nu ngahubungkun Padalarang jeung [[Purwakarta]] ogé geus bérés diwangun, disebut [[Jalan Tol Cipularang|Cipularang]] ([[Cikampék, Karawang|Cikampék]]-Purwakarta-Padalarang) nu mangrupa jalan panggancangna nuju ka Jakarta. Jalan tol Cileunyi-[[Sumedang]]-[[Dawuan, Majalengka|Dawuan]] ogé kiwari eukeur diwangun. === Darat === [[Gambar:Senja di Alun-alun kota Bandung.jpg|jmpl|Jalan Asia Afrika dekeut Alun-alun]] Loba jalan raya ti luar kota nu bisa diaksés pikeun ulin ka kota ieu. Salasahijina aya jalan tol Tol Cipularang anu ngahubungkeun [[Jakarta]], [[Kabupatén Karawang|Karawang]], [[Kabupatén Purwakarta|Purwakarta]], [[Padalarang, Bandung Kulon|Padalarang]] jeung Bandung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2022/09/18/02150041/tarif-tol-jakarta-bandung-2022|title=Tarif Tol Jakarta-Bandung 2022|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228150704/https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2022/09/18/02150041/tarif-tol-jakarta-bandung-2022 |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Proyek ieu réngsé dina bulan Méi 2005 jeung disebutkeun minangka jalan darat panggancangna nepi ka Bandung ti ibukota kalayan ukur merlukeun waktu kira-kira 1,5 jam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1456333/hari-ini-16-tahun-lalu-tol-cipularang-diresmikan-sby-jalan-tol-rp-16-triliun|title=Hari ini, 16 Tahun Lalu Tol Cipularang Diresmikan SBY, Jalan Tol Rp 1,6 Triliun|last=Andryanto|first=S. Dian|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228150705/https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1456333/hari-ini-16-tahun-lalu-tol-cipularang-diresmikan-sby-jalan-tol-rp-16-triliun |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Jalan lainna nu bisa diaksés nyaéta jalur Puncak (Jakarta-[[Kabupatén Cianjur|Cianjur]]/[[Kabupatén Sukabumi|Sukabumi]]-Bandung), jalur Purwakarta (Jakarta-[[Cikampék, Karawang|Cikampek]]-Purwakarta-[[Cikalong Wétan, Bandung Kulon|Cikalong Wetan]]-Padalarang-[[Kota Cimahi|Cimahi]]-Bandung) jeung jalur [[Kabupatén Subang|Subang]] (Jakarta-Cikampek-Subang-[[Lémbang, Bandung Kulon|Lembang]]-Bandung). Ti wewengkon nu beulah wetan ([[Kota Cirebon|Cirebon]], [[Tasikmalaya]] jeung propinsi [[Jawa Tengah]]), Bandung bisa diaksés ngaliwatan Jalan utama propinsi, Jalan Nasional Rute 3 anu ngahubungkeun Bandung jeung Jawa ka arah [[Kota Cilegon|Cilegon]] jeung Ketapang ([[Banyuwangi, Cibitung, Sukabumi|Banyuwangi]]). [[Gambar:Bandung pasopati.jpg|jmpl|Jembatan Pasupati, nu ayeuna bakal diganti ngarana jadi Jembatan Layang Prof. Dr. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja|237x237px]] [[Jambatan Pasupati]] diwangun pikeun ngaleungitkeun kamacetan patalimarga di kota nu biasana sok dieusian ku angkutan wétan-kulon. Jambatan ieu kaasup jambatan kabel pancang sapanjang 2,8 kilométer (1,7 mil) perenahna ngaliwatan lebak Cikapundung. Lebarna aya 30 nepi ka 60 méter jeung karek beres dina Juni 2005, sanggeus meunang bantuan dana ti [[Kuwait]]. Jambatan ieu nyaéta bagian tina rencana jalan tol jero kota Bandung anu leuwi loba deui.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bandung.go.id/news/read/5922/jembatan-pasupati-merupakan-salah-satu-ikon-kota-bandung-yang-terkenal|title=Jembatan Pasupati merupakan salah satu ikon Kota Bandung yang terkenal|last=Bandung|first=Website Resmi Kota|website=https://www.bandung.go.id|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228150705/https://www.bandung.go.id/news/read/5922/jembatan-pasupati-merupakan-salah-satu-ikon-kota-bandung-yang-terkenal |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Bandung boga dua terminal beus antarkota: Leuwipanjang (ngalayanan beus ti kulon) jeung [[Cicaheum, Kiaracondong, Bandung|Cicaheum]] (ngalayanan beus ti wétan. Dua terminal ieu sok mindeung ngajieun macet, ku kituna pamaréntah boga rencana dua terminal ieu bakal diganti ku terminal anyar di Gedebage anu geus nyiapkeun lahan 15 héktar. Mun geus jadi, dua terminal eta bakal ''alih fungsi'' minangka terminal jero kota. Terminal anyar ieu bakal diadegkeun di gigireun stasion karéta api Gedébage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/147232|title=Bappeda Targetkan Studi Kelaikan Terminal Gedebage Selesai Tahun Ini {{!}} Pikiran Rakyat Online|website=Pikiran Rakyat|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324152413/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/147232|archivedate=2012-03-24}}</ref> ==== Angkutan umum jeung transportasi massal ==== [[Gambar:TMB Koridor 3 melaju di jalan P.H.H. Mustofa menuju Sarijadi.jpg|jmpl|Beus Trans Metro Bandung Koridor 3 nuju di Jalan P.H.H. Mostofa, samemeh parapatan Cikutra]] Armada beus umumna di Kota Bandung jeung sabudeureunana dioperasikeun ku rupa-rupa ''stakeholder'' atawa operator, kalawan jumlahna aya 16 jalur beus nu ayeuna beroperasi. Beus DAMRI kungsi ngadominasi minangka operator beus utama ngalayanan kota jeung wewengkon métropolitan sabudeureunana, mimiti beroperasi dina taun 1970-an kalawan di sababaraha titik hungkul kalayan kurang leuwih ngan 10 rute. Tapina, éta beus runtuh dina Oktober 2021, nyésakeun 5 rute anu beroperasi keneh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2021/10/29/di-tengah-ancaman-bangkrut-karyawan-damri-bandung-jadi-tersangka-korupsi-rp-12-m|title=Di Tengah Ancaman Bangkrut, Karyawan Damri Bandung Jadi Tersangka Korupsi Rp 1,2 M|website=Tribunjabar.id|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153255/https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2021/10/29/di-tengah-ancaman-bangkrut-karyawan-damri-bandung-jadi-tersangka-korupsi-rp-12-m |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/582268/701/damri-tak-beroperasi-dishub-siagakan-60-armada-trans-metro-bandung-1635397839|title=DAMRI Tak Beroperasi, Dishub Siagakan 60 Armada Trans Metro Bandung|website=SINDOnews.com|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153255/https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/582268/701/damri-tak-beroperasi-dishub-siagakan-60-armada-trans-metro-bandung-1635397839 |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Nurutkeun conto TransJakarta, pamaréntah kota ngawanohkeun sistem BRT sorangan anu disebut Trans Metro Bandung dina 24 Séptémber 2009. Nepi ka 2022 proyek éta ngalayanan lima koridor utama jeung hiji koridor tambahan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-5933349/tmb-jurusan-st-hall-gunung-batu-mulai-mengaspal-di-jalanan-bandung|title=TMB Jurusan St Hall-Gunung Batu Mulai Mengaspal di Jalanan Bandung|last=Putra|first=Wisma|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153254/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-5933349/tmb-jurusan-st-hall-gunung-batu-mulai-mengaspal-di-jalanan-bandung |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Boh Beus DAMRI atawa Trans Metro Bandung ngagunakeun beus dek nu leuwih jangkung, sarua jeung TransJakarta, tapi bisa dieureunkeun di mana waé sapanjang jalurna sarta henteu ngajalankeun misah ti patalimarga. Pamaréntah Propinsi Jawa Barat ogé ngoperasikeun jalur beus anu disebut Transit Rapid Beus Aman jeung Sehat (dipondokkeun Buratas), tapi ngan ngalayanan hiji jalur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-01273352/hore-ada-10-bus-brt-layani-leuwipanjang-majalaya-392237|title=Hore, Ada 10 Bus BRT Layani Leuwipanjang-Majalaya|website=Pikiran Rakyat}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153259/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-01273352/hore-ada-10-bus-brt-layani-leuwipanjang-majalaya-392237 |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Salaku bagian tina program modernisasi jasa beus nasional anu disebut Teman Bus, sistem anu langkung disiplin anu dicap Trans Metro Pasundan diwanohkeun ku Kementrian Perhubungan pamaréntah pusat dina bulan Désémber 2021. Dua operator, Big Bird (bagian tina Blue Bird Group) jeung DAMRI beroperasi di lima rute urut rute DAMRI dina kontrak jeung Departemen Perhubungan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-013337156/bus-trans-metro-pasundan-resmi-beroperasi-untuk-warga-bandung-raya-cek-5-rute-terbaru-dan-tarifnya|title=5 Rute Terbaru dan Tarif Bus Trans Metro Pasundan, Resmi Beroperasi untuk Warga Bandung Raya|last=Pratama|first=M. Bayu|website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153259/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-013337156/bus-trans-metro-pasundan-resmi-beroperasi-untuk-warga-bandung-raya-cek-5-rute-terbaru-dan-tarifnya |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Ngawanohkeun rute beus anyar di Bandung mindeng nyanghareupan panolakan tina supir-supir angkot jeung ayana upaya pamerasan ti pelanggan lokal ku alesan pandapatan maranéhanana dicokot (beus anyar jeung nu sejen). Hal ieu lila-lila ngarah kana blokade jeung ancaman verbal nu disangka ku supir beus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2008/12/22/1749171/~Regional~Jawa|title=Lima Bus Jadi Korban Amuk Massa|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153255/https://travel.kompas.com/read/2008/12/22/1749171/~Regional~Jawa |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suara.com/news/2022/04/09/191012/bus-trans-metro-pasundan-di-bandung-dicegat-dan-diancam-oknum-sopir-angkot-videonya-viral|title=Bus Trans Metro Pasundan di Bandung Dicegat dan Diancam Oknum Sopir Angkot, Videonya Viral|website=suara.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153254/https://www.suara.com/news/2022/04/09/191012/bus-trans-metro-pasundan-di-bandung-dicegat-dan-diancam-oknum-sopir-angkot-videonya-viral |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Akibat misah-misah jalur, merek, jeung operator, panumpang kudu mayar deui nalika transit ka jalur BRT sanés atawa kana transportasi nu lain saperti karéta. Rencana anu leuwih gede pikeun ngayakeun sistem beus baris dilaksanakeun dina taun 2024, ngalegaan ti proyék Trans Metro Pasundan. Proyek eta rencanana bakal ngahijikeun sadaya operator dina hiji sistem anu disebut BRT Bandung Raya, kalayan fitur Bus Rapid Transit anu nyaan sapertos jalur husus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-011529042/ditargetkan-2023-selesai-brt-bandung-akan-lintasi-5-daerah-bandung-raya|title=Ditargetkan 2023 Selesai, BRT Bandung Akan Lintasi 5 Daerah Bandung Raya|last=PRMN 03|first=Tim|website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153255/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/pr-011529042/ditargetkan-2023-selesai-brt-bandung-akan-lintasi-5-daerah-bandung-raya |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Sistem parencanaanana dimaksudkeun bakal ngagunakeun beus listrik, boh impor boh anu diproduksi sacara lokal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.neraca.co.id/article/164558/vktr-bumd-jasa-sarana-kerja-sama-elektrifikasi-bus|title=VKTR-BUMD Jasa Sarana Kerja Sama Elektrifikasi Bus|last=Syarif|first=Mohar|website=[https://www.neraca.co.id/ Neraca.co.id]|publication-date=22 Juni 2022|accessdate=28 Pebruari 2023}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153257/https://www.neraca.co.id/article/164558/vktr-bumd-jasa-sarana-kerja-sama-elektrifikasi-bus |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Aya tilu puluh dua halte beus Trans Metro Bandung (sarupa TransJakarta) sapanjang Jalan Soekarno-Hatta réngsé dina bulan Agustus 2011 kalayan waragad Rp 13,1 miliar ($1,54 juta). Tilu puluh beus tambahan ngagabung kana operasi tina sapuluh beus nu geus aya sanggeus kabeh eureun réngsé.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/152679|title=Shelter Trans Metro Bandung Ditargetkan Rampung Akhir Agustus 2011 {{!}} Pikiran Rakyat Online|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324153313/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/152679|archivedate=2012-03-24}}</ref> Dina tanggal 21 Juni 2011, Perum DAMRI ngaluncurkeun dua beus di Cibiru-Kebon Kelapa husus pikeun panumpang awéwé nu boga supir awéwé wungkul. Dina 5 Agustus 2011, Jusuf Kalla ngumumkeun yén anjeunna bakal ngawangun monorel di Bandung kalayan waragad Rp 4 triliun ($470 juta).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2011/08/05/jusuf-kalla-siapkan-rp-4-triliun-untuk-monorel-bandung|title=Jusuf Kalla Siapkan Rp 4 Triliun untuk Monorel Bandung|website=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228164528/https://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2011/08/05/jusuf-kalla-siapkan-rp-4-triliun-untuk-monorel-bandung |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Pamaréntah Kota Bandung ogé ngoperasikeun armada beus husus wisata kota anu disebut Bandung Tour on Bus (disinggetna Bandros). Aya oge Boseh, nyaéta sistem babagi sapédah dumasar darmaga nu disadiakeun ku Dinas Perhubungan Bandung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prfmnews.pikiran-rakyat.com/mapay-kota/pr-13568137/mau-pakai-sepeda-boseh-kota-bandung-berikut-cara-daftarnya|title=Mau Pakai Sepeda 'Boseh' Kota Bandung? Berikut Cara Daftarnya|last=Fahmi|first=Rifki Abdul|website=prfmnews.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153256/https://prfmnews.pikiran-rakyat.com/mapay-kota/pr-13568137/mau-pakai-sepeda-boseh-kota-bandung-berikut-cara-daftarnya |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> ==== Karéta ==== Bandung boga dua stasion karéta api anu gedé, nyaéta Stasion Bandung jeung Stasion Kiaracondong (Kircon). Stasion leutik lainna nyaéta Stasion Cimindi, Andir, Ciroyom, Cikudapateuh, jeung Gedébage (husus mawaan barang-barang). Jalur karéta api nu diwangun ti jaman pangjajahan Walanda, nyambungkeun Bandung ka Cianjur, Jakarta, Purwakarta, Bekasi, Karawang, jeung Cikampék di kulon, Surabaya, Malang, Yogyakarta, jeung Solo di wétan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bandungklik.com/direktori-bandung/daftar-stasiun-kereta-api-di-bandung-raya/|title=Daftar Stasiun Kereta Api di Bandung Raya|website=bandungklik.com}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228153258/https://bandungklik.com/direktori-bandung/daftar-stasiun-kereta-api-di-bandung-raya/ |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Dina taun 2012, direncanakeun ngawangun sistem rél komuter listrik Bandung fase 1 anu bakal ngahubungkeun Padalarang, Cimahi, Bandung jeung Cicalengka kalawan 13 koridor beus Trans Metro Bandung minangka ''feeder''. Fase-2 bakal nyambungkeun Cicalengka ka Jatinangor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koran-jakarta.com/index.php/detail/view01/77287|title=KRL Komuter Bandung Dibangun|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426041920/http://koran-jakarta.com/index.php/detail/view01/77287|archivedate=2012-04-26}}</ref> Dina April 2012, proyék mobil kabel "Bandung Skybridge" ngahubungkeun Pasteur (Cihampelas) ka Sabuga (Taman Sari) cenah geus 90% réngsé sarta nungguan ijin resmi pikeun beroperasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/185342|title="Bandung Skybridge" akan Direalisasikan {{!}} Pikiran Rakyat Online|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422041745/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/185342|archivedate=2012-04-22}}</ref> Ngan, nepi ka 2016, proyék éta masih kudu direalisasikeun. Pikeun ngaréngsékeun kamacetan Cihampelas, Ridwan Kamil ngaresmikeun ''skywalk'' ukur pejalan kaki ti Cihampelas ka Tamansari tanggal 4 Pébruari 2017. ''Skywalk'' nu dingaranan Teras Cihampelas diwangun kalayan anggaran Rp 45 miliar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2014/02/08/bandung-skywalk-tahap-pertama-dibangun-di-cihampelas|title=Bandung Skywalk Tahap Pertama Dibangun di Cihampelas|website=Tribunjabar.id|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228165304/https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2014/02/08/bandung-skywalk-tahap-pertama-dibangun-di-cihampelas |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> === Udara === Bandara Internasional Husein Sastranegara Bandung ngalayanan panerbangan domestik langsung ka Batam, Pekanbaru, Medan, Bandar Lampung, [[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]], [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]], [[Kota Semarang|Semarang]], Banjarmasin, jeung [[Makassar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indonesia.travel/id/id/berita/bandara-husein-sastranegara-kembali-beroperasi-untuk-rute-pesawat-bermesin-jet|title=Bandara Husein Sastranegara Kembali Beroperasi untuk Rute Pesawat Bermesin Jet - Indonesia Travel|website=www.indonesia.travel|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228150716/https://www.indonesia.travel/id/id/berita/bandara-husein-sastranegara-kembali-beroperasi-untuk-rute-pesawat-bermesin-jet |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> Bandara ieu lokasina deukeut jeung komplek pasawat Dirgantara jeung Dirgantara Fairground. Ayeuna geus mulai proyek mindahkeun Bandara Husein Sastranegara ka lokasi anyar nyaeta [[Bandara Internasional Kertajati]] di Kabupatén Majalengka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/893823/angkasa-pura-ii-named-kertajati-airport-operator|title=Angkasa Pura II Named Kertajati Airport Operator|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228150706/https://en.tempo.co/read/893823/angkasa-pura-ii-named-kertajati-airport-operator |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jakartaglobe.id/business/angkasa-pura-ii-operate-kertajati-west-javas-biggest-airport|title=Angkasa Pura II to Operate Kertajati, West Java's Biggest Airport|website=Jakarta Globe|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228160949/https://jakartaglobe.id/business/angkasa-pura-ii-operate-kertajati-west-javas-biggest-airport |date=2023-02-28 }}</ref> == Daptar Walikota Bandung == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |- bgcolor="#99ccff" ! style="background-color:#e5e500; color:black;"|No ! style="background-color:#e5e500; color:black;" |Foto ! style="background-color:#e5e500; color:black;" |Wali Kota<ref>{{cite web |url=https://portal.bandung.go.id/walikota-bandung |title=Walikota dan Wakil Walikota Bandung dari masa ke masa |last= |first= |date=12 Agustus 2016 |website=Portal Bandung |publisher=Dinas Komunikasi dan Informasi Pemerintah Kota Bandung |access-date=29 November 2017 |quote= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708220723/https://portal.bandung.go.id/walikota-bandung |date=8 July 2017 }}</ref> ! style="background-color:#e5e500; color:black;"|Mimiti Jabatan ! style="background-color:#e5e500; color:black;"|Ahir Jabatan ! style="background-color:#e5e500; color:black;"|Periode ! style="background-color:#e5e500; color:black;"|Katerangan ! style="background-color:#e5e500; color:black;"|Wakil Wali Kota |- |- !colspan=7|Masa Penjajahan Belanda {{flagicon|Walanda}} | |- |align="center"| 1 | |E.A. Maurenbrecher |align="center"| 1906 |align="center"| 1907 |align="center"| 1 | | rowspan="11" align="center" |''Teu aya'' |- |align="center"| 2 | |R.E. Krijboom |align="center"| 1907 |align="center"| 1908 |align="center"| 2 | |- |align="center"| 3 | |J.A. van Der En |align="center"| 1909 |align="center"| 1910 |align="center"| 3 | |- |align="center"| 4 | |J.J. Verwijk |align="center"| 1910 |align="center"| 1912 |align="center"| 4 | |- |align="center"| 5 | |C.C.B. van Vlenier |align="center"| 1912 |align="center"| 1913 |align="center"| 5 | |- |align="center"| 6 | |B. van Bijveld |align="center"| 1913 |align="center"| 1920 |align="center"| 6 | |- |align="center"| 7 | |[[Bertus Coops]] |align="center"| 1920 |align="center"| 1921 |align="center"| 7 |&nbsp; |- |align="center"| 8 | |Steven Anne Reitsma |align="center"| 1921 |align="center"| 1928 |align="center"| 8 | |- |align="center"| (7) | |[[Bertus Coops]] |align="center"| 1928 |align="center"| 1934 |align="center"| 9 | |- |align="center"| 9 | |J.E.A. van Volsogen Kuhrt |align="center"| 1934 |align="center"| 1936 |align="center"| 10 | |- |align="center"| 10 | |J.M. Wesselink |align="center"| 1936 |align="center"| 1942 |align="center"| 11 | |- !colspan=7|Masa Penjajahan Jepang {{flagicon|Jepang}} | |- |align="center"| 1 | |N. Beets |align="center"| 1942 |align="center"| 1945 |align="center"| 12 | |align=center|''Teu aya'' |- |- !colspan=7|Masa Kemerdekaan Indonesia {{flagicon|Indonesia}} | |- |align="center"| 1 |[[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung RA Atmadinata.jpg|100px]] |R.A. Atmadinata |align="center"| 1945 |align="center"| 1945 |align="center"| 13 |&nbsp; | rowspan="12" align="center" |''Teu aya'' |- |align="center"| 2 |[[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung r syamsoerizal.jpg|100px]] |[[Sjamsuridjal|R. Syamsoerizal]] |align="center"| 1945 |align="center"| 1947 |align="center"| 14 | |- |align="center"| 3 |[[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung Oekar Bratakoesoemah.jpg|100px]] |[[Ukar Bratakusumah]] |align="center"| 1947 |align="center"| 1949 |align="center"| 15 |{{refn|group=|1948 s/d 1949 Merangkap [[Gubernur Jawa Barat]]}} |- |align="center"| 4 |[[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung R Enoch.jpg|100px]] |R. Enoch |align="center"| 1949 |align="center"| 1957 |align="center"| 15 |&nbsp; |- |align="center"| 5 |[[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung R Priatna Kusumah.jpg|100px]] |R. Priatna Kusumah |align="center"| 1957 |align="center"| 1966 |align="center"| 16 | &nbsp;. |- |align="center"| 6 |[[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung R Didi Djukardi.jpg|100px]] |R. Didi Djukardi |align="center"| 1966 |align="center"| 1968 |align="center"| 17 |{{refn|group=|Pada Agustus 1968, R. Didi Djukardi ditangkap karena diduga terlibat [[G 30 S/PKI]]}} |- |align="center"| 7 |[[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung R Hidayat Sukarmadidjaja.jpg]] |R. Hidayat Sukarmadidjaja |align="center"| 1968 |align="center"| 1971 |align="center"| 18 |&nbsp; |- |align="center"| 8 |[[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung R Otjedjoendjoenan.jpg|100px]] |R. Otje Djoendjoenan |align="center"| 1971 |align="center"| 1976 |align="center"| 19 |&nbsp; |- |align="center"| 9 |[[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung Utjudjoenadi.jpg|100px]] |Utju Djoenaedi |align="center"| 1976 |align="center"| 1978 |align="center"| 20 |&nbsp; |- |align="center"| 10 | |R. Husein Wangsaatmadja |align="center"| 1978 |align="center"| 1983 |align="center"| 21 |&nbsp; |- | rowspan="3" align="center"| 11 | rowspan="3" | | rowspan="3" |[[Ateng Wahyudi|<small>H. </small><br />Ateng Wahyudi]] |align="center"| 1983 |align="center"| 1988 |align="center"| 22 | |- |rowspan="2" align="center"| 1988 |rowspan="2" align="center"| 1993 |rowspan="2" align="center"| 23 |rowspan="2" | |- |rowspan="2" align="center"| Matin Burhan<br><small>(1990–95)</small> |- |rowspan="2" align="center"| 12 |rowspan="2" | |rowspan="2" |[[Wahyu Hamidjaja]] |rowspan="2" align="center"| 1993 |rowspan="2" align="center"| 1998 |rowspan="2" align="center"| 24 |&nbsp; |- | |rowspan="2" align="center"| E. Soedarsono<br><small>(1995–2000)</small> |- |rowspan="2" align="center"| 13 |rowspan="2" |[[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung AA Tarmana.jpg|100px]] |rowspan="2" |<small>H. </small><br />AA Tarmana |rowspan="2" align="center"| 16 September 1998 |rowspan="2" align="center"| 16 September 2003 |rowspan="2" align="center"| 25 |&nbsp; |- | |align="center"| ''Lowong'' |- |rowspan="3" align="center"| 14 | rowspan="3" | [[Gambar:Mayor of Bandung Dada Rosada.jpg|100px]] | rowspan="3" |[[Dada Rosada|<small>H. </small><br />Dada Rosada<br><small> S.H., M.Si.</small>]] |rowspan="2" align="center"| 16 September 2003 |rowspan="2" align="center"| 16 September 2008 |rowspan="2" align="center"| 26 |rowspan="2" | |align="center"| Jusep Purwasuganda <br><small>(2003–04)</small> |- |align="center"| ''Lowong'' |- |align="center"| 16 September 2008 |align="center"| 16 September 2013 |align="center"| 27 | | align="center" |[[Ayi Vivananda]] |- |align="center"| 15 |[[Gambar:Ridwan Kamil official.jpg|100px]] |[[Ridwan Kamil|Mochamad Ridwan Kamil<br><small> S.T., MUD.</small>]] |align="center"| 16 September 2013 |align="center"| 4 September 2018 |rowspan="2" align="center"| 28 | |align=center|[[Oded Muhammad Danial]] |- |align="center"| — |[[Gambar:Vice Mayor of Bandung Oded M Danial.jpg|100px]] |[[Oded Muhammad Danial]]<br><small>(Pelaksana Tugas)</small> |align="center"| 7 September 2018 |align="center"| 16 September 2018 |align="center"| {{refn|group=|Diangkat menjadi pelaksana tugas setelah Ridwan Kamil dilantik sebagai [[Gubernur Jawa Barat]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://kumparan.com/bandungkiwari/oded-danial-naik-tahta-lebih-awal-1536279025906623892 |title=Oded Danial Naik Tahta Lebih Awal |date=7 September 2018 |access-date=21 September 2018 |newspaper=Kumparan.com |first=Utara |last=Jaya |editor-first= |editor-last= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921114653/https://kumparan.com/bandungkiwari/oded-danial-naik-tahta-lebih-awal-1536279025906623892 |date=21 September 2018 }}</ref>}} |align="center"| — |- |align="center"| | |Dadang Supriatna<br><small>(Pelaksana Harian)</small> |align="center"| 16 September 2018 |align="center"| 20 September 2018 |align="center"| — |align="center"| {{refn|group=|Masa Jabatan berakhir, sementara itu Wali Kota dan Wakil Wali Kota Bandung terpilih baru dilantik pada 20 September 2018<ref>{{cite news |url=http://humas.bandung.go.id/humas/berita/2018-09-16/dadang-supriatna-jadi-pelaksana-harian-wali-kota-b |title=Dadang Supriatna Jadi Pelaksana Harian Wali Kota Bandung |date=16 September 2018 |access-date=21 September 2018 |newspaper=Humas Kota Bandung |first= |last=Nurul |editor-first= |editor-last= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516175852/https://humas.bandung.go.id/humas/berita/2018-09-16/dadang-supriatna-jadi-pelaksana-harian-wali-kota-b |date=16 May 2021 }}</ref>}} |align="center"| – |- |align="center"| 16 |[[Gambar:Oded Muhammad Danial, Mayor of Bandung.jpg|100px]] |[[Oded Muhammad Danial]] |align="center"| 20 September 2018 |align="center"| ''Petahana'' |align="center"| 29 |align="center"| |align=center|[[Yana Mulyana]] |} == Rujukan == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Daptar pustaka== * {{cite journal |last=Hardjasaputra |first=A.Sobana |date=2003 |title=Perubahan Sosial di Bandung 1810-1906 |url=http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/sosiohumaniora/article/view/5278/2657 |journal=Sosiohumaniora-Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=17–31 |issn=1411-0911 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405225756/http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/sosiohumaniora/article/view/5278/2657 |date=2023-04-05 }} * {{cite book|title=Api Sejarah 1, Mahakarya Perjuangan Ulama dan Santri dalam Menegakkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, edisi revisi|last=Suryanegara|first=Ahmad Mansur|publisher=Surya Dinasti|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Api_Sejarah_1/0AMxDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|year=2018|isbn=9786027123717|location=Bandung|ref={{sfnref|Suryanegara|2018}}|url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Nas |first1=Peter J.M. |last2=Pratiwo |first2= |date=2002 |title=Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, the Great Mail Road, Jalan Raya Pos |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bki/158/4/article-p707_7.xml|journal=Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia |volume=158 |issue=4 |pages=707-725 |doi=10.1163/22134379-90003763 |issn=0006-2294 }} == Tempo ogé == * [[Bandung purba]] == Tumbu kaluar == * [http://www.bandung.go.id Ramatloka resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405205114/http://www.bandung.go.id/ |date=2005-04-05 }} {{ibu kota propinsi di Indonésia}} {{JaBar}} {{Kota Bandung}} [[Kategori:Kota di Indonésia|Bandung]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota propinsi di Indonésia|Bandung]] [[Kategori:Kota Bandung| ]] [[Kategori:Kota di Jawa Kulon|Bandung]] 3r2asc5swsgx06yal31yke1sxnju4jd Karajaan Ngahiji 0 6186 729157 676992 2026-09-26T12:57:41Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} {{dablink|Keur penjelasan ngeunaan ieu sarta istilah saperti [[Britania Raya]], Britania, [[British]], [[Inggris]], [[Skotlandia]], [[Wales]] jeung [[Irlandia Kalér]], tempo [[Kapuloan Britania (istilah)]].}} {{Infobox Country | native_name = ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' | conventional_long_name = Karajaan Ngahiji Britania Raya jeung Irlandia Kalér | common_name = Britania Raya | image_flag = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg | image_coat = Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom (St. Edward's Crown).svg | image_map = Location_UK_EU_Europe.png | map_caption = {{map_caption |countryprefix=the |region=[[Eropa|buana Eropa]] |subregion= [[Uni Eropa]] |location_color=dark green | subregion_color=light green |region_color=dark grey |legend=}} | national_motto = {{lang|fr|''"[[Dieu et mon droit]]"''}}{{Ref|2}}{{spaces|2}}<small>([[French language|French]])<br />"God and my right"</small> | national_anthem = "[[God Save the King]]"{{Ref|3}} |official_languages = [[Basa Inggris]]{{Ref|4}} ''([[de facto]])'' |regional_languages = [[Irish language|Irish Gaelic]], [[Ulster Scots language|Ulster Scots]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[Scottish Gaelic]], [[Welsh language|Welsh]], [[Cornish language|Cornish]]{{Ref|5}} |demonym = [[British]], [[Briton]] | capital = [[London]] | latd = 51 | latm = 30 | latNS = N | longd = 0 | longm = 7 | longEW = W | largest_city = [[London]] | government_type = {{nowrap|[[Constitutional monarchy]]}} <small>{{nowrap|([[Parliamentary democracy]])}} | leader_title1 = [[British monarchy|Raja]] | leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Perdana Menteri]] | leader_name2 = [[Sir Keir Starmer]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of the United Kingdom|Formation]] | sovereignty_note = | established_event1 = [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] | established_date1 = [[1 Méi]], [[1707]] | established_event2 = [[Act of Union 1800|Act of Union]] | established_date2 = [[1 Januari]], [[1801]] | established_event3 = [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]] | established_date3 = [[12 April]], [[1922]] | accessionEUdate = [[1 Januari]], [[1973]] | EUseats = 78 | area_rank = ka-79 | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 244,820 | areami² = 94,526 | percent_water = 1.34 | population_estimate_year = mid-2006 | population_estimate = 60,587,300<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 | title = UK population grows to 60.6 million | accessdate = | accessdaymonth = | accessmonthday = [[22 Agustus]] | accessyear = [[2007]] | author = | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | year = | month = | format = | work = | publisher = Office for National Statistics | pages = | language = | doi = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = }}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = ka-22 | population_census = 58,789,194 [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/pop2001/united_kingdom.asp] | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 246 | population_densitymi² = 637 | population_density_rank = ka-48 | GDP_PPP_year = 2006 | GDP_PPP = $2.375 [[1000000000000 (nomer)|triliun]] | GDP_PPP_rank = ka-5 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $35,051 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ka-11 | GDP_nominal = $2.660.7 [[1000000000000 (nomer)|triliun]]{{Ref|6}} | GDP_nominal_rank = ka-5 | GDP_nominal_year = 2007 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $38,624 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ka-13 | HDI_year = 2006 | HDI = {{increase}} 0.940 | HDI_rank = ka-18 | HDI_category = <font color="#009900">luhur</font> | Gini = 36.8 | Gini_year = 1999 | Gini_category = <font color="#ffce63">sedeng</font> | currency = [[Pound sterling]] (£) | currency_code = GBP | country_code = GBR | time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | cctld = [[.uk]]{{Ref|7}} | calling_code = 44 | ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = GB | ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = GBR | ISO_3166-1_num = 826 | vehicle_code = GB | alt_sport_code = various | aircraft_code = G | footnotes = {{Note|1}} In the United Kingdom and Dependencies, [[Languages in the United Kingdom|some other languages]] have been officially recognised as legitimate [[Autochthonous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows:<br />{{lang-kw|Rywvaneth Unys Breten Veur ha Kledhbarth Iwerdhon}}; {{lang-ga|Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann}}; {{lang-sco|Unitit Kinrick o Graet Breetain an Northren Irland}}; {{lang-gd|An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath}}; {{lang-cy|Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon}}.<br /> {{Note|2}} This is the royal motto. In Scotland, the royal motto is the [[Latin]] phrase {{lang|la|''[[Nemo Me Impune Lacessit]]''}} ("No-one provokes me with impunity"). There is also a variant form of the coat-of-arms for use in Scotland; see [[Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom]].<br />{{Note|3}} See [[#Symbols]] below. It also serves as the [[Royal anthem]].<br />{{Note|4}} [[English language|English]] is established by ''[[de facto]]'' usage. In [[Wales]], the [[Welsh Language Board|Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg]] is tasked with ensuring that, "in the conduct of public business and the administration of justice, the English and [[Welsh language|Welsh]] languages should be treated on a basis of equality".<ref name=language_welsh1>{{cite web |url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/welsh_language/?lang=en |title=Welsh Language |publisher=Welsh Assembly |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080112180541/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/welsh_language/?lang=en |archivedate=2008-01-12 }}</ref><ref name=language_welsh2>{{cite web |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1993/Ukpga_19930038_en_2.htm |title=Welsh Language Act 1993 |publisher=Office of Public Sector Information |accessdate=2007-03-09}}</ref> The [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]] is tasked with "securing the status of the [[Scottish Gaelic language|Gaelic]] language as an [[official language]] of [[Scotland]] commanding equal respect to the English language".<ref name=language_gaelic>{{cite web |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/acts2005/50007--a.htm#1 |title=Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 |publisher=Office of Public Sector Information |accessdate=2007-03-09}}</ref><br /> {{Note|5}}Under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]] the Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, [[Cornish language|Cornish]], [[Irish language|Irish]], [[Ulster Scots]] and [[Scots language|Scots]] languages are officially recognised as [[Regional language|Regional]] or [[Minority language|Minority]] languages by the [[United Kingdom Government|UK Government]].<ref>Scottish Executive [http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCulture/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter "European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012182532/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCulture/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter |date=2008-10-12 }} Updated 13/06/06 retrieved 23/08/07</ref> See also [[Languages in the United Kingdom]].<br />{{Note|6}} [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html#Econ CIA Factbook]. Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=6 |title=Population Estimates |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2007-03-09}}</ref><br />{{Note|7}} [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is practically unused. The [[.eu]] domain is also shared with other [[European Union]] member states. }} '''Britania''' atawa '''Karajaan Ngahiji''' ('''''United Kingdom''''') nyaéta karajaan di [[Éropa]] nu mangrupa gabungan [[Britania Raya]] jeung [[Irlandia Kalér]]. == Catetan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1801]] [[Kategori:Kapuloan Britania]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu basana Basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Éropa]] [[Kategori:Karajaan konstitusional]] [[Kategori:Seafaring nations]] [[Kategori:Karajaan Ngahiji| A]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] [[Kategori:Nagara G8]] [[Kategori:United Kingdom| ]] acxau1b1kylmma1auhx9p4zyeibhlq3 Kampak 0 6429 729124 712919 2026-09-26T12:41:50Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Axt Handwerk.jpg|thumb|300px|Axe]] {{otheruses}} '''Kampak''' mangrupa [[alat]] kuno jeung ''ubiquitous'' nu geus digunakeun mangrébu-rébu taun ka tukang keur nyeukeutan, meulah sarta motong [[kai]], [[panén]] [[kai]], minangka [[pakarang]] jeung [[simbul]] [[sérémonial]] atawa ''[[héraldik]]''. Kampak loba wangun tur kagunaan hususna tapi umumna miboga mata kampak jeung gagangna. Conto kampak paling awal dijieun tina bahan [[rock (geology)|batu]] kalawan sababaraha wujud gagang kai anu napel salaku (panyepengan) gumantung kana bahan anu aya sarta kagunaanna mangsa harita. Kiwari kampak aya anu dijieun tina rupa-rupa bahan kayaning: [[tambaga]], [[kuningan]], [[beusi]] jeung [[waja]] luyu jeung mekarna téknologi kiwari. {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} The axe is an example of a [[simple machine]] with the axe being a type of [[wedge]]. This reduces the effort needed by the wood chopper. Most modérn axes have steel héads and wooden handles (typically [[hickory]]) although [[plastic]] or [[fibreglass]] handles are not uncommon. modérn axes are specialized by use, size and form. Hafted axes with short handles designed for use with one hand are often called hand axes but the term hand axe refers to axes without handles as well. [[Hatchet]]s tend to be small hafted axes often with a [[hammer]] on the back side. == Sajarah == [[Gambar:Axe of iron from Swedish Iron Age, found at Gotland, Sweden.jpg|thumb|[[Iron age]] axe head from [[Gotland]]]] [[Gambar:Godfrey_of_Bouillon,_holding_a_pollaxe._(Manta_Castle,_Cuneo,_Italy.jpg|thumb|[[Godfrey of Bouillon]] holds a Pollaxe]] [[Gambar:Old axes.jpg|thumb|A collection of old Australian axes]] éarly stone tools like the [[hand axe]] were probably not hafted. The first true hafted axes are known from the [[Mesolithic]] period (ca. [[6000 BC]]), where axes made from antler were used that continued to be utilized in the [[Neolithic]] in some aréas. Chopping tools made from [[flint]] were hafted as [[adze]]s. Axes made from ground stone are known since the Néolithic. They were used to fell [[tree]]s and for woodworking. Few wooden hafts have been found, but it seems that the axe was normally hafted by wedging. [[Birch-tar]] and raw-[[hide]] lashings were used to fix the blade. Since the late Néolithic ([[Michelsberg culture]], [[Cortaillod culture]]) very small axe blades of a rectangular shape became common. They were hafted with an [[antler]] sleeve. This prevented both the splitting of the haft and softened the impact on the stone blade itself. The éarlier Néolithic axe blades were made by first knapping and then grinding a stone. By late Néolithic times, sawing (wooden [[saw]]s and sand) became common. This allowed a more efficient use of the raw material. In [[Scandinavia]], Northern [[Germany]] and [[Poland]] axe blades made from knapped and polished [[flint]] were common. Stone axes are quite efficient tools; using one, it takes about 10 minutes to fell a [[hardwood]] [[ash tree]] of 10&nbsp;cm diaméter, one to two hours for an ash of 30&nbsp;cm diaméter. (modérn comparison: 25&nbsp;cm [[softwood]] [[white pine]], standing chop, under two minutes with a 3.5&nbsp;kg competition felling axe.) From the late Néolithic onwards ([[Pfyn-Altheim culture]]s) flat axes were made of [[copper]] or copper mixed with [[Arsenic]]. Bronze axes are found since the éarly [[Bronze Age]] (A2). The flat axe developed into [[palstaves]], flanged axes and later winged and socketed axes. The so-called "[[Battle-axe people]]" of [[3rd millennium BC]] Europe has been suggested to correspond to éarly [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]], ancestors of the later [[Celt]]ic and [[Germanic tribes]]. Axes also were an important part in the Chinese wéaponry. The [[PIE|Proto-Indo-European]] word for "axe" may have been ''pelek'u-'' ([[Greek language|Greek]] ''pelekus'' πέλεκυς, [[Sanskrit]] ''parashu'', see also [[Parashurama]]), but the word was probably a loan, or a néolithic [[wanderwort]], ultimately related to [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]] ''balag'', [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] ''pilaku-'' (see also [[Labrys]]). Late Néolithic 'axe [[Factory|factories]]', where thousands of ground stone axes were roughed out are known from [[Great Britain]] (for example [[Great Langdale]] in [[Cumbria]]), [[Ireland]] ([[Lambay Island]], [[Porphyry]], [[Rathlin Island]] and [[Tievebulliagh]], porcellanite) Poland ([[Krzemionki]], [[flint]]), [[France]] ([[Plancher-les-Mines]], Vosges, [[pelite]], [[Plussulien]], [[Brittany]], meta-[[dolerite]]) and [[Italy]] (Val de'Aoste, [[omphacite]]. The distribution of stone axes is an important indication of [[prehistoric]] [[trade]]. [[Thin-section|thin sectioning]] is used to determine the provenance of ground stone axe blades. Stone axes are still produced and in use today in parts of [[Irian Jaya]], [[New Guinea]]. The [[Mount Hagen]] aréa was an important production centre. == Symbolism, ritual and folklore == At léast since the late Néolithic, elaborate axes (battle-axes, T-axes, etc.) had a [[Religion|religious]] significance as well and probably indicated the exalted [[status]] of their owner. Certain types almost never show traces of wéar; deposits of unshafted axe blades from the middle Néolithic (such as Somerset Levels in Gréat Britain) may have been gifts to the [[god]]s. In Minoan Crete, the [[double axe]] (labrys) had a special méaning. Double axes date back to the Néolithic as well. In [[1998]], a [[double axe]], complete with an elaborately embellished haft, has been found at Cham-Eslen, [[Canton of Zug]], [[Switzerland]]. The haft was 120&nbsp;cm long and wrapped in ornamented birch-bark. The axe blade is 17,4&nbsp;cm long and made of [[antigorite]], mined in the [[Gotthard]]-aréa. The haft goes through a biconical drilled hole and is fastened by wedges of antler and by birch-tar. It belongs to the éarly [[Cortaillod culture]]. [[Gambar:ÉTA.jpg|thumb|100px|In the [[ÉTA]] symbol, the axe symbolizes strength.]] In the [[ancient Rome|Roman]] ''[[fasces]]'', the axe symbolized the [[authority]] to [[Decapitation|decapitate]]. In [[folklore]], stone axes were sometimes believed to be [[thunderbolt]]s and were used to guard buildings against [[lightning]], as it was believed ([[Rumor|mythically]]) that [[lightning]] never struck the same place twice. This has caused some skewing of axe distributions. [[Steel]] axes were important in [[superstition]] as well. A thrown axe could keep off a [[hailstorm]], sometimes an axe was placed in the [[crop]]s, with the cutting edge to the skies to protect the [[harvest]] against bad [[weather]]. An upright axe buried under the [[sill]] of a house would keep off [[witches]], while an axe under the bed would assure [[male]] [[offspring]]. == Bagian kampak == The axe is comprised of two primary components, the axe ''head'', and the ''haft''. The '''Axe Héad''' is typically bounded by the ''bit'' (or blade) at one end, and the ''poll'' (or butt) at the other, though some designs féature two bits opposite éach other. The top corner of the bit where the cutting edge begins is called the ''toe'', and the bottom corner is known as the ''heel''. Either side of the héad is called the ''cheek'', which is sometimes supplemented by ''lugs'' where the héad meets the haft, and the hole where the haft is mounted is called the ''eye''. The part of the bit that descends below the rest of the axe-héad is called the béard, and a ''bearded axe'' is an antiquated axe héad with an exaggerated béard that can sometimes extend the cutting edge twice the height of the rest of the héad. The '''Axe Haft''' is sometimes called the handle. Traditionally, it was made of a resilient hardwood like hickory or ash, but modérn axes often have hafts made of durable synthetic materials. Antique axes and their modérn reproductions, like the [[Tomahawk (axe)|tomahawk]], often had a simple, straight haft with a circular cross-section that wedged onto the axe-héad without the aid of wedges or pins. modérn hafts are curved for better grip and to aid in the swinging motion, and are mounted securely to the héad. The ''shoulder'' is where the héad mounts onto the haft, and this is either a long oval or rectangular cross-section of the haft that's secured to the axe héad with small metal or wooden wedges. The ''belly'' of the haft is the longest part, where it bows in gently, and the throat is where it curves sharply down into to the short ''grip'', just before end of the haft, which is known as the ''knob''. == Wangun kampak == === Kampak keur motong atawa ngabentuk kayu === [[Gambar:Axt zum spalten1.jpg|thumb|Splitting axe]] * '''Felling axe''' - Cuts across the grain of wood, as in the felling of trees. In single or double bit (the bit is the cutting edge of the héad) forms and many different weights, shapes, handle types and cutting géometries to match the characteristics of the material being cut. * '''Splitting Axe''' - Used to split with the grain of the wood. Splitting axe bits are more wedge shaped. This shape causes the axe to rend the fibres of the wood apart, without having to cut through them, especially if the blow is delivered with a twisting action at impact. * '''[[Broad axe]]''' - Used with the grain of the wood in precision splitting. Broad axe bits are chisel-shaped (one flat and one bevelled edge) facilitating more controlled work. === Kampak keur senjata === * '''[[Battle axe]]''' * '''[[Hurlbat]]''' * '''[[Throwing axe]]''' * '''[[Frankish]] axe''' or '''[[francisca]]''' * '''[[Danish axe]]''' * '''[[Tomahawk (axe)|Tomahawk]]''' * '''[[Halberd]]''' * '''[[Pollaxe|Pole axe]]''' * '''[[Valaška]]''' * '''[[Ono (weapon)|Ono]]''' === Kampak keur kagunaan séjén === [[Gambar:Firefighter with axe.jpg|thumb|[[Firefighter]] with a fire-axe]] * '''Firefighter's Axe, Fire Axe-''' Héad has a pick-shaped pointed poll (aréa of the héad opposite the cutting edge). * '''[[Pulaski (tool)|Pulaski]]''', an axe with a [[mattock]] blade built into the réar of the main axe blade, used for digging ('grubbing out') through and around roots as well as chopping. In addition to the [[McCloud (tool)|McCloud]], (a tool similar to a hoe/rake combination) the pulaski is an indispensable tool used in fighting [[forest fire]]s, as well as trail-building, brush cléarance and similar functions. * '''[[Maul]]s''', splitting implements that have evolved from the simple 'wedge' design to more complex designs, some of which are mauls with a conical 'axehéad' and compound mauls with swivelling 'sub-wedges', among other types; have a héavy wedge-shaped héad, with a sledge-hammer face opposite. [[Gambar:Travellers' Axe - Project Gutenberg eText 14861.jpg|frame|right|Climbing axes from circa 1872]] * '''Climbing or Ice Axe''' -A number of different styles of [[ice axe]] are designed for ice [[climbing]], and, though less used today than in previous times, for rock work, especially in enlarging steps used by climbers. :In the illustration to the right, from an [[1872]] "Art of Travel" publication, figure 1 represents a light axe or [[Pickaxe|pick]] which has the great advantage of lightness and handiness, with a single blade, or [[adze]], suited to step-cutting and with a small hammer-head at the back which balances the pick, and is useful in inserting pegs into rock and ice. Figure 2 represents a travellers' axe, slightly heavier than the first, and which, at least at the time, was recommended as adapted for mountain work of all kinds. == Tempo ogé == * [[Battle axe]] * [[Labrys]] * [[Sagaris]] * [[Francisca]] * [[Fasces]] * [[Battle axe people]] * [[Hatchet]] == Literatur == === Kampak néolitik === * W. Borkowski, Krzemionki mining complex (Warszawa 1995) * P. Pétrequin, La hache de pierre: carriéres vosgiennes et échanges de lames polies pendant le néolithique (5400 - 2100 av. J.-C.) (exposition musées d'Auxerre Musée d'Art et d'Histoire) (Paris, Ed. Errance, 1995). * R. Bradley/M. Edmonds, Interpreting the axe trade: production and exchange in Néolithic Britain (1993). * P. Pétrequin/A.M. Pétrequin, Écologie d'un outil: la hache de pierre en [[Irian Jaya]] (Indonésie). CNRS Éditions, Mongr. du Centre Rech. Arch. 12 (Paris 1993). === Superstition === H. Bächtold-Stäubli, Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens (Berlin, De Gruyter 1987). == Axe Manufacturers == * [http://www.mueller-hammerwerk.at/ Muller-Hammerwerk] * [http://www.world-of-axes.com/ World of Axes] * [http://www.ochsenkopf-werkzeuge.de/e/habero/index.html Oxhead] * [http://www.hultafors.co.uk/default.asp?LanguageID=2 Hultafors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311215124/http://www.hultafors.co.uk/default.asp?LanguageID=2 |date=2007-03-11 }} * [http://www.snowandnealley.com/ Snow and Neally] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124204405/http://www.snowandnealley.com/ |date=2005-11-24 }} * [http://www.counciltool.com/category.asp?cat=AW Council Tool] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051225234147/http://www.counciltool.com/category.asp?cat=AW |date=2005-12-25 }} * [http://www.ames.com/ Ames] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051216011708/http://www.peaveymfg.com/products.html Peavy Maufacturing] * [http://www.vaughanmfg.com/ Vaughan Manufacturing]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.countryworkshops.org/toolhewing.html Country Workshops] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211085451/http://www.countryworkshops.org/toolhewing.html |date=2006-02-11 }} * [http://www.gransfors.com/ Gransfors] == Other Web Resources == "An Axe to Grind" Practical axe manual [http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/fspubs/99232823/toc.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003162559/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/fspubs/99232823/toc.htm |date=2006-10-03 }} == Sumber == * Section about types of axes is based on a [[Quicksilver Wiki]] article at [http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=A_Glossary_of_Terms_For_Traditional_Timber_Framing_(Timberbee)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040329231809/http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=A_Glossary_of_Terms_For_Traditional_Timber_Framing_(Timberbee) |date=2004-03-29 }} under the terms of the [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. == Catetan == <references /> [[Kategori:Litika]] [[Kategori:Tipe artefak arkéologis]] [[Kategori:Parabot keur ngokolakeun kayu]] [[Kategori:Pakarang]] c15vpwk3pyaneq8k19nl07w78rosyf8 Siluman, Pabuaran, Subang 0 12222 729294 479056 2026-09-26T23:24:11Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kotakinfo Kalurahan | nami = Siluman | website http://www.desasiluman.co.cc = | propinsi = Jawa Barat | dati2 = Kabupatén | nami dati2 = Subang | nami kacamatan = Pabuaran | kalurahan = désa | nami lurah = | lega = | pangeusi = | kapadetan = }} '''Siluman http://www.desasiluman.co.cc''' nyaéta salah sahiji désa di [[kacamatan]] Pabuaran, [[Kabupatén Subang]], [[Propinsi]] [[Jawa Barat]], [[Indonésia]]. <!-- ==Sajarah== ==Profil Pamaréntahan== ==Profil Daérah== ===Wates Wilayah=== ===Géografis=== ===Démografi=== ==Atikan== ==Poténsi== ===Pertanian=== ===Pakebonan=== ==Tumbu Luar== --> {{Pabuaran, Subang} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} nyaéta salah sahiji désa di [[kacamatan]] Pabuaran, [[Kabupatén Subang]], [[Propinsi]] [[Jawa Barat]], [[Indonésia]]. <!-- ==Sajarah== ==Profil Pamaréntahan== ==Profil Daérah== ===Wates Wilayah=== ===Géografis=== ===Démografi=== ==Atikan== ==Poténsi== ===Pertanian=== ===Pakebonan=== ==Tumbu Luar== --> {{Pabuaran, Subang}} {{Kalurahan-pondok}} [[Kategori:Kalurahan/désa di Kabupatén Subang|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kategori:Kalurahan/désa di Pabuaran, Subang|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kategori:Pabuaran, Subang|{{PAGENAME}}]] <!--[[Kategori:{{PAGENAME}}| {{PAGENAME}}]]--> 0zpx1p5koqqi888643v7a8ym727ebvv Komét 0 14648 729207 712359 2026-09-26T15:17:44Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729207 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Comet-Hale-Bopp-29-03-1997_hires_adj.jpg|thumb|250px|Komét Hale-Bopp]] '''Komét''' (simbol: [[File:Comet symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|☄]]) nyaéta banda leutik dina [[Surya Mandala|sistim suryamandala]] nu ngorbit kana [[panonpoé]] sarta (kadang-kadang) mintonkeun [[koma (komét)|koma]] (atawa atmosfir) jeung/atawa buntut&nbsp;— duanana utamana disababkeun ku ayana pangaruh radiasi panonpoé kana [[inti komét|inti]] komét, nu mana manéna sorangan mangrupa banda leutik nu diwangun ku [[batu]], [[kebul]], jeung [[és]]. Orbit komét robah kalayan konstan: asalna di saluareun [[Surya Mandala|sistim suryamandala]], sarta miboga kacenderungan kacida dipangaruhannana (atawa dikacokeun) ku planét gedé nu rélatif deukeut. Sababaraha di antarana pindah kana orbit ''sungrazing'' nu ngaruksak komét nalika manéhna deukeuteun paponpoé, sedengkeun lianna mah kapiceun ka saluareun [[Surya Mandala|sistim suryamandala]] salilalana. lolobana komét dipercaya asalana tina halimun (''[[Oort cloud]]'') dina jarak nu jauh ti Srangéngé nu ngandung ''debris'' <!--(ruruntuk, talawéngkar?--> nu tinggaleun tina [[kondénsasi]] [[solar nebula|nébula srangéngé]]; sisi luar nébula ieu cukup [[suhu|tiis]] sahingga [[cai]] ogé aya dina [[fase (bahan)|kaayaan]] nu mangrupa [[padetan]] (lain [[gas]]). [[Asteroid]] asalna ngaliwatan prosés nu béda, tapi komét nu geus kacida kolotna, nu geus leungiteun sakabéh bahan ''[[volatile]]''-na, bisa ogé jadi sarupaning asteroid. Kecap ''komét'' asalna tina [[basa Inggris]] nu ngaliwatan [[basa Latén]] ''cometes''. Tina kecap [[basa Yunani]] ''komē'' mah, hartina téh "buuk na hulu," [[Aristotélés]] mimiti maké kecap turunan ''komētēs'' keur ngagambarkeun komét miangka "béntang buukan." == Pasipatan fisik == {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} Long-period comets are believed to originate in a distant cloud known as the [[Oort cloud]] (after the astronomer [[Jan Hendrik Oort]] who hypothesised its existence).<ref>{{cite web| publisher= NASA Astrophysics Data System| title= Oort, J. H. ''The structure of the cloud of comets surrounding the Solar System and a hypothesis concerning its origin''. Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands, Vol XI, No. 408, pg 91-110. 1950. |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1950BAN....11...91O | accessdate=2006-07-05}}</ref> They are sometimes perturbed from their distant orbits by gravitational interactions, falling into extremely elliptical orbits that can bring them very close to the [[Sun]]. One théory says that as a comet approaches the [[inner solar system]], [[solar radiation]] causes part of its outer layers, composed of ice and other materials, to melt and evaporate, but this has not been proven. The stréams of [[Cosmic dust|dust]] and gas this reléases form a very large, extremely tenuous atmosphere around the comet called the ''[[coma (cometary)|coma]]'', and the force exerted on the coma by the Sun's [[radiation pressure]] and [[solar wind]] cause an enormous ''tail'' to form, which points away from the sun. The stréams of dust and gas éach form their own distinct tail, éach pointed in slightly different directions. The tail made of dust is left behind in the comet's orbit in such a manner that it often forms a curved tail. At the same time, the ion tail, made of gases, always pointing directly away from the Sun, as this gas is more strongly affected by the solar wind than dust is, following magnetic field lines rather than an orbital trajectory. While the solid body of comets (called the ''[[Comet nucleus|nucleus]]'') is generally less than 50&nbsp;km across, the coma may be larger than the Sun, and the ion tails have been observed to extend 150 million km (1 [[Astronomical unit]]) or more. Both the coma and tail are illuminated by the Sun and may become visible from the [[Earth]] when a comet passes through the inner solar system, the dust reflecting sunlight directly, and the gases glowing from [[ion]]isation. Most comets are too faint to be visible without the aid of a [[telescope]], but a few éach decade become bright enough to be visible with the naked eye. Before the invention of the telescope, comets seemed to appéar out of nowhere in the sky and gradually vanish out of sight. They were usually considered bad omens of déaths of kings or noble men, or coming catastrophes. From ancient sources, such as Chinese oracle bones, it is known that their appéarances have been noticed by humans for millennia. One very famous old recording of a comet is the appéarance of Halley's Comet on the [[Bayeux Tapestry]], which records the [[Norman conquest]] of [[England]] in AD 1066.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Reading Museum Service| year=2004| title=Britain's Bayeux Tapestry, scene 1| url=http://www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk/| accessdate=2005-03-22}}</ref> Surprisingly, cometary nuclei are among the [[dark]]est objects known to exist in the solar system. The [[Giotto mission|Giotto]] probe found that [[Comet Halley]]'s nucleus reflects approximately 4% of the light that falls on it, and [[Deep Space 1]] discovered that [[Comet Borrelly]]'s surface reflects only 2.4% to 3% of the light that falls on it; by comparison, [[asphalt]] reflects 7% of the light that falls on it. It is thought that complex [[organic compound]]s are the dark surface material. Solar héating drives off volatile compounds léaving behind héavy long-chain organics that tend to be very dark, like [[tar]] or crude [[Petroleum|oil]]. The very darkness of cometary surfaces allows them to absorb the héat necessary to drive their outgassing. In 1996, comets were found to emit [[X-rays]].<ref>{{cite web| title=First X-Rays from a Comet Discovered| url=http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/rosat/hyakutake.html| accessdate=2006-03-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725040521/http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/rosat/hyakutake.html |date=2012-07-25 }}</ref> These X-rays surprised reséarchers, because their emission by comets had not previously been predicted. The X-rays are thought to be generated by the interaction between comets and the solar wind: when highly charged [[ions]] fly through a cometary atmosphere, they collide with cometary atoms and molecules. In these collisions, the ions will capture one or more electrons léading to emission of X-rays and far ultraviolet photons.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.kvi.nl/~bodewits| title=Probing space weather with comets| accessdate=2006-03-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213232726/http://www.kvi.nl/~bodewits |date=2006-02-13 }}</ref> == Sipat orbit == [[Gambar:Comet_Kohoutek_orbit_p391.jpg|thumb|376px|right|Orbits of [[Comet Kohoutek]] and [[Earth]], illustrating the high [[Eccentricity (orbit)|eccentricity]] of the orbit and more rapid motion when closer to the [[Sun]].]] [[Gambar:Comets_by_aphelion.png|thumb|200px|right|Histogram of the aphelia of the 2005 comets, showing the giant planet comet families. The abscissa is the natural logarithm of the aphelion expressed in AUs.]] Comets are classified according to their [[orbital period]]s. ''Short period comets'' have orbits of less than 200 yéars, while ''Long period comets'' have longer orbits but remain gravitationally bound to the Sun, and [[main-belt comets]] orbit within the [[asteroid belt]]. ''Single-apparition comets'' have [[parabolic]] or [[hyperbolic]] orbits which will cause them to permanently exit the solar system after one pass by the Sun. modérn observations have revéaled a few genuinely hyperbolic orbits, but no more than could be accounted for by perturbations from Jupiter. If comets pervaded interstellar space, they would be moving with velocities of the same order as the relative velocities of stars néar the Sun (a few tens of kilometres per second). If such objects entered the solar system, they would have positive total énérgies, and would be observed to have genuinely hyperbolic orbits. A rough calculation shows that there might be 4 hyperbolic comets per century, within Jupiter's orbit, give or take one and perhaps two orders of magnitude. On the other extreme, the short period [[Comet Encke]] has an orbit which never places it farther from the Sun than [[Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]]. Short-period comets are thought to originate in the [[Kuiper belt]], wheréas the source of long-period comets is thought to be the [[Oort cloud]]. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain why comets get perturbed into highly elliptical orbits, including close approaches to other [[star]]s as the Sun follows its orbit through the [[Milky Way]] [[Galaxy]]; the Sun's hypothetical companion star [[Nemesis (star)|Nemesis]]; or an unknown [[Planet X]]{{citation needed}}<!-- This is a controversial topic. -->. Because of their low masses, and their elliptical orbits which frequently take them close to the giant planets, cometary orbits are often perturbed. Short period comets display a strong tendency for their [[Apsis|aphelia]] to coincide with a [[giant planet]]'s orbital radius, with the Jupiter family of comets being the largest, as the [[histogram]] shows. It is cléar that comets coming in from the Oort cloud often have their orbits strongly influenced by the gravity of giant planets as a result of a close encounter. Jupiter is the source of the gréatest perturbations, being more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined, in addition to being the swiftest of the giant planets. A number of periodic comets discovered in éarlier decades or previous centuries are now "lost." Their orbits were never known well enough to predict future appéarances. However, occasionally a "new" comet will be discovered and upon calculation of its orbit it turns out to be an old "lost" comet. An example is Comet [[11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR]], discovered in 1869 but unobservable after 1908 because of perturbations by Jupiter. It was not found again until accidentally rediscovered by [[LINEAR]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web| first=Gary W.| last=Kronk| year=2001–2005| title=Cometography| url=http://cometography.com| accessdate=2006-03-05}}, '11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR'</ref> == Comet nomenclature == The names given to comets have followed several different conventions over the past two centuries. Before any systematic naming convention was adopted, comets were named in a variety of ways. Prior to the éarly 20th century, most comets were simply referred to by the yéar in which they appéared, sometimes with additional adjectives for particularly bright comets; thus, the "[[C/1680 V1|Great Comet of 1680]]" (Kirch's Comet), the "[[C/1882 R1|Great September Comet of 1882]]," and the "[[Great Daylight Comet of 1910|Daylight Comet of 1910]]" ("Great January Comet of 1910"). After [[Edmund Halley]] demonstrated that the comets of 1531, 1607, and 1682 were the same body and successfully predicted its return in 1759, that comet became known as [[Comet Halley]]. Similarly, the second and third known periodic comets, [[Comet Encke]]<ref name="Kronk, '2P/Encke'">Kronk, '2P/Encke'</ref> and [[Comet Biela]],<ref name="Kronk, '3D/Biela'">Kronk, '3D/Biela'</ref> were named after the astronomers who calculated their orbits rather than their original discoverers. Later, periodic comets were usually named after their discoverers, but comets that had appéared only once continued to be referred to by the yéar of their apparition. In the éarly 20th century, the convention of naming comets after their discoverers became common, and this remains so today. A comet is named after up to three independent discoverers. In recent yéars, many comets have been discovered by instruments operated by large téams of astronomers, and in this case, comets may be named for the instrument. For example, [[C/1983 H1|Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock]] was discovered independently by the [[IRAS]] satellite and amateur astronomers [[Genichi Araki]] and [[George Alcock]]. In the past, when multiple comets were discovered by the same individual, group of individuals, or téam, the comets' names were distinguished by adding a numeral to the discoverers' names; thus Comets [[P/1990 V1|Shoemaker-Levy 1]]–[[D/1993 F2|9]]. Today, the large numbers of comets discovered by some instruments (in August 2005, [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory|SOHO]] discovered its 1000th comet<ref>{{cite web| publisher=Solar and Heliospheric Observatory| year=2005| title=The SOHO 1000th Comet Contest| url=http://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/comet1000/| accessdate=2006-03-05}}</ref>) has rendered this system impractical, and no attempt is made to ensure that éach comet has a unique name. Instéad, the comets' systematic designations are used to avoid confusion. Until 1994, comets were first given a [[provisional designation]] consisting of the yéar of their discovery followed by a lowercase letter indicating its order of discovery in that yéar (for example, [[C/1969 Y1|Comet Bennett 1969i]] was the 9th comet discovered in 1969). Once the comet had been observed through perihelion and its orbit had been established, the comet was given a permanent designation of the yéar of its [[perihelion]], followed by a [[Roman numeral]] indicating its order of perihelion passage in that yéar, so that Comet Bennett 1969i became [[C/1969 Y1|Comet Bennett 1970 II]] (it was the second comet to pass perihelion in 1970)<ref name="arnett">{{cite web| first=Bill| last=Arnett| year=2000| title=Astronomical Names| url=http://www.nineplanets.org/names.html| accessdate=2006-03-05}}</ref> Incréasing numbers of comet discoveries made this procedure awkward, and in 1994 the [[International Astronomical Union]] approved a new naming system. Comets are now designated by the yéar of their discovery followed by a letter indicating the half-month of the discovery and a number indicating the order of discovery (a system similar to that alréady used for [[asteroid]]s), so that the fourth comet discovered in the second half of February 2006 would be designated 2006&nbsp;D4. Prefixes are also added to indicate the nature of the comet, with P/ indicating a periodic comet, C/ indicating a non-periodic comet, X/ indicating a comet for which no reliable orbit could be calculated, D/ indicating a comet which has broken up or been lost, and A/ indicating an object that was mistakenly identified as a comet, but is actually a [[minor planet]]. After their second observed perihelion passage, periodic comets are also assigned a number indicating the order of their discovery.<ref name="CSBN">{{cite web| publisher=Committee on Small Body Nomenclature| year=1994| title=Cometary Designation System| url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/ps/lists/CometResolution.html| accessdate=2006-03-05| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990117090623/http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/ps/lists/CometResolution.html| archivedate=1999-01-17}}</ref> So Halley's Comet, the first comet to be identified as periodic, has the systematic designation [[1P/1682 Q1]]. [[Comet Hale-Bopp]]'s designation is C/1995 O1. There are only four objects that are cross-listed as both comets and asteroids: [[2060 Chiron]] ([[95P/Chiron]]), [[133P/Elst-Pizarro]] ([[7968 Elst-Pizarro]]), [[60558 Echeclus]] ([[174P/Echeclus]]) and [[4015 Wilson-Harrington]] ([[107P/Wilson-Harrington]]). == History of comet study == === Early observations and thought === Historically, comets were thought to be unlucky, or even interpreted as attacks by héavenly beings against terrestrial inhabitants. Some authorities interpret references to "falling stars" in [[Gilgamesh]], [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]] and the Book of [[Enoch]] as references to comets, or possibly [[bolide]]s. In the first book of his ''[[Meteorology]]'', [[Aristotle]] propounded the view of comets that would hold sway in Western thought for néarly two thousand yéars. He rejected the idéas of several éarlier philosophers that comets were [[planet]]s, or at léast a phenomenon related to the planets, on the grounds that while the planets confined their motion to the circle of the [[Zodiac]], comets could appéar in any part of the sky.<ref>{{cite book| last=Aristotle| year=350 B.C.| title=Meteorologia| url=http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/meteorology.1.i.html}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629061102/http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/meteorology.1.i.html |date=2011-06-29 }}, l. 1. c. 6.</ref> Instéad, he described comets as a phenomenon of the upper [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]], where hot, dry exhalations gathered and occasionally burst into flame. Aristotle held this mechanism responsible for not only comets, but also [[meteor]]s, the [[aurora borealis]], and even the [[Milky Way]].<ref>Aristotle, l. 1. c. 7.</ref> A few later classical philosophers did dispute this view of comets. [[Seneca the Younger]], in his ''[[Natural Questions]]'', observed that comets moved regularly through the sky and were undisturbed by the [[wind]], behavior more typical of celestial than atmospheric phenomena. While he conceded that the other planets do not appéar outside the Zodiac, he saw no réason that a planet-like object could not move through any part of the sky, humanity's knowledge of celestial things being very limited.<ref>{{cite book | author=Carl Sagan & Ann Druyan | title=Comet | url=https://archive.org/details/cometsaga00saga | location=New York | publisher=Random House | year=1985 | id=ISBN 0-394-54908-2| pages= [https://archive.org/details/cometsaga00saga/page/25 23]–24}}</ref> However, the Aristoteléan viewpoint proved more influential, and it was not until the 16th century that it was demonstrated that comets must exist outside the éarth's atmosphere. In 1577, a bright comet was visible for several months. The [[Denmark|Danish]] astronomer [[Tycho Brahe]] used méasurements of the comet's position taken by himself and other, géographically separated, observers to determine that the comet had no méasuréable [[parallax]]. Within the precision of the méasurements, this implied the comet must be at léast four times more distant from the éarth than the moon.<ref name="ESO part I">{{cite book| publisher=European Southern Observatory| year=2003| title=A Brief History of Comets, part I| url=http://www.eso.org/outreach/info-events/hale-bopp/comet-history-1.html}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305084811/http://www.eso.org/outreach/info-events/hale-bopp/comet-history-1.html |date=2005-03-05 }}</ref> === Orbital studies === [[Gambar:Newton_Comet1680.jpg|right|thumbnail|300px|The orbit of the comet of 1680, fit to a [[parabola]], as shown in [[Isaac Newton]]'s ''[[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica|Principia]]''.]] Although comets had now been demonstrated to be in the héavens, the question of how they moved through the héavens would be debated for most of the next century. Even after [[Johannes Kepler]] had determined in 1609 that the planets moved about the sun in [[ellipse|elliptical]] orbits, he was reluctant to believe that the [[Kepler's laws|laws that governed the motions of the planets]] should also influence the motion of other bodies—he believed that comets travel among the planets along straight lines. [[Galileo Galilei]], although a staunch [[Copernicus|Copernicanist]], rejected Tycho's parallax méasurements and held to the Aristoteléan notion of comets moving on straight lines through the upper atmosphere.<ref name="Prasar part II">{{cite book| first=Vigyan| last=Prasar| year=2001| title=Development of Cometary Thought, Part II| url=http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/apr2001/comets.htm}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050414162435/http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/apr2001/comets.htm |date=2005-04-14 }}</ref> The first suggestion that Kepler's laws of planetary motion should also apply to the comets was made by [[William Lower]] in 1610.<ref name="ESO part I"/> In the following decades, other astronomers, including [[Pierre Petit]], [[Giovanni Borelli]], [[Adrien Auzout]], [[Robert Hooke]], [[Johann Baptist Cysat]], and [[Giovanni Domenico Cassini]], all argued for comets curving about the sun on elliptical or parabolic paths, while others, such as [[Christian Huygens]] and [[Johannes Hevelius]], supported comets' linéar motion.<ref name="Prasar part II"/> The matter was resolved by the [[C/1680 V1|bright comet]] that was discovered by [[Gottfried Kirch]] on [[November 14]], [[1680]]. Astronomers throughout Europe tracked its position for several months. In 1681, the [[Saxony|Saxon]] pastor [[Georg Samuel Doerfel]] set forth his proofs that comets are héavenly bodies moving in [[parabola]]s of which the sun is the focus. Then [[Isaac Newton]], in his ''[[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica|Principia Mathematica]]'' of 1687, proved that an object moving under the influence of his [[inverse square law]] of [[gravity|universal gravitation]] must trace out an orbit shaped like one of the [[conic section]]s, and he demonstrated how to fit a comet's path through the sky to a parabolic orbit, using the comet of 1680 as an example.<ref>{{cite book| first=I.S.| last=Newton| year=1687| title=Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica| location=London | publisher=Josephi Streater}}, Lib. 3, Prop. 41.</ref> In 1705, [[Edmond Halley]] applied Newton's method to twenty-four cometary apparitions that had occurred between 1337 and 1698. He noted that three of these, the comets of 1531, 1607, and 1682, had very similar [[orbital element]]s, and he was further able to account for the slight differences in their orbits in terms of gravitational perturbation by [[Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]] and [[Saturn (planet)|Saturn]]. Confident that these three apparitions had been three appéarances of the same comet, he predicted that it would appéar again in 1758-9.<ref name="Halley">{{cite journal | author=Edmundo Halleio | title=Astronomiæ Cometicæ Synopsis | journal=Philosophical Transactions | year=1705 | volume=24 | pages=1882–1899 }}</ref> (éarlier, Robert Hooke had identified the comet of 1664 with that of 1618,<ref>{{cite book| first=Samuel| last=Pepys| year=1893| title=The Diary of Samuel Pepys, M.A., F.R.S.| location=London|publisher=George Bell & Sons}}, 1 March 1664/5</ref> while Jéan-Dominique Cassini had suspected the identity of the comets of 1577, 1665, and 1680.<ref>Sagan, pp. 42–43</ref> Both were incorrect.) Halley's predicted return date was later refined by a téam of three [[France|French]] mathematicians: [[Alexis Clairaut]], [[Joseph Lalande]], and [[Nicole-Reine Lepaute]], who predicted the date of the comet's 1759 perihelion to within one month's accuracy.<ref>Sagan, p. 83</ref> When the comet returned as predicted, it became known as [[Comet Halley]] or Halley's Comet (its official designation is '''1P/Halley'''). Its next appéarance is due in 2061. Among the comets with short enough periods to have been observed several times in the historical record, Comet Halley is unique in consistently being bright enough to be visible to the naked eye. Since the confirmation of Comet Halley's periodicity, many other periodic comets have been discovered through the [[telescope]]. The second comet to be discovered to have a periodic orbit was [[Comet Encke]] (official designation '''2P/Encke'''). Over the period 1819-1821 the [[Germany|German]] mathematician and physicist [[Johann Franz Encke]] computed orbits for a series of cometary apparitions observed in 1786, 1795, 1805, and 1818, concluded they were same comet, and successfully predicted its return in 1822.<ref name="Kronk, '2P/Encke'"/> By 1900, seventeen comets had been observed at more than one perihelion passage and recognized as periodic comets. As of April 2006, 175 comets have achieved this distinction, though several have since been destroyed or lost. In [[ephemerides]], comets are often denoted by the symbol {{unicode|☄}}. {{Cleanup-date|June 2006}} === Studies of physical characteristics === [[Gambar:Cometorbit.png|thumb|300px|Comets have highly [[elliptical orbits]]. Note the two distinct tails.]][[Isaac Newton]] described comets as compact, solid, fixed, and durable bodies: in other words, a kind of planet, which move in very oblique orbits, every way, with the gréatest freedom, persevering in their motions even against the course and direction of the planets; and their tail as a very thin, slender vapour, emitted by the héad, or [[Comet nucleus|nucleus]] of the comet, ignited or héated by the sun. Comets also seemed to Newton absolutely requisite for the conservation of the water and moisture of the planets; from their condensed vapours and exhalations all that moisture which is spent on vegetations and putrefactions, and turned into dry éarth, might be resupplied and recruited; for all vegetables were thought to incréase wholly from fluids, and turn by putrefaction into éarth. Hence the quantity of dry éarth must continually incréase, and the moisture of the globe decréase, and at last be quite evaporated, if it have not a continual supply. Newton suspected that the spirit which makes the finest, subtilest, and best part of our air, and which is absolutely requisite for the life and being of all things, came principally from the comets. Another use which he conjectured comets might be designed to serve, is that of recruiting the sun with fresh fuel, and repairing the consumption of his light by the stréams continually sent forth in every direction from that luminary — :"From his huge vapouring train perhaps to shake :Reviving moisture on the numerous orbs, :Thro' which his long ellipsis winds; perhaps :To lend new fuel to declining suns, :To light up worlds, and feed th' ethereal fire." ::: —[[James Thomson (Seasons)|James Thomson]], "The Seasons" (1730; 1748). As éarly as the 18th century, some scientists had made correct hypotheses as to comets' physical composition. In 1755, [[Immanuel Kant]] hypothesized that comets are composed of some volatile substance, whose vaporization gives rise to their brilliant displays néar perihelion.<ref>Sagan, p. 77</ref> In 1836, the German mathematician [[Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel]], after observing stréams of vapor in the 1835 apparition of Comet Halley, proposed that the [[jet force]]s of evaporating material could be gréat enough to significantly alter a comet's orbit and argued that the non-gravitational movements of [[Comet Encke]] resulted from this mechanism.<ref>Sagan, p. 117</ref> However, another comet-related discovery overshadowed these idéas for néarly a century. Over the period 1864–1866 the [[Italy|Italian]] astronomer [[Giovanni Schiaparelli]] computed the orbit of the [[Perseids|Perseid]] [[meteor]]s, and based on orbital similarities, correctly hypothesized that the Perseids were fragments of [[Comet Swift-Tuttle]]. The link between comets and metéor showers was dramatically underscored when in 1872, a major metéor shower occurred from the orbit of [[Comet Biela]], which had been observed to split into two pieces during its 1846 apparition, and never seen again after 1852.<ref name="Kronk, '3D/Biela'"/> A "gravel bank" modél of comet structure arose, according to which comets consist of loose piles of small rocky objects, coated with an icy layer. By the middle of the twentieth century, this modél suffered from a number of shortcomings: in particular, it failed to explain how a body that contained only a little ice could continue to put on a brilliant display of evaporating vapor after several perihelion passages. In 1950, [[Fred Lawrence Whipple]] proposed that rather than being rocky objects containing some ice, comets were icy objects containing some dust and rock.<ref name=Whipple>{{cite journal | author=F.L. Whipple | title=A Comet Model I. The Acceleration of Comet Encke | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1950-03_111_2/page/375 | journal=Astrophysical Journal | year=1950 | volume=111|pages=375–394 }}</ref> This "dirty snowball" modél soon became accepted. It was confirmed when an armada of [[spacecraft]] (including the [[European Space Agency]]'s ''[[Giotto mission|Giotto]]'' probe and the [[Soviet Union]]'s ''[[Vega 1]]'' and ''[[Vega 2]]'') flew through the coma of Halley's comet in 1986 to photograph the nucleus and observed the jets of evaporating material. The American probe ''[[Deep Space 1]]'' flew past the nucleus of [[Comet Borrelly]] on [[September 21]] [[2001]] and confirmed that the characteristics of Comet Halley are common on other comets as well. [[Gambar:Comet_wild_2.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Comet Wild 2]] exhibits jets on lit side and dark side, stark relief, and is dry.]] The [[Stardust (spacecraft)|''Stardust'']] spacecraft, launched in February 1999, collected particles from the coma of [[81P/Wild|Comet Wild 2]] in January 2004, and returned the samples to éarth in a capsule in January 2006. Claudia Alexander, a program scientist for Rosetta from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who has modéled comets for yéars, reported to space.com about her astonishment at the number of jets, their appéarance on the dark side of the comet as well as on the light side, their ability to lift large chunks of rock from the surface of the comet and the fact that comet Wild 2 is not a loosely-cemented rubble pile.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/stardust_results_040617.html| title=Strange Comet Unlike Anything Known| first=Robert Roy| last=Britt| publisher=Space.com| accessdate=2006-03-05| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040622054240/http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/stardust_results_040617.html| archivedate=2004-06-22}}</ref> Forthcoming space missions will add gréater detail to our understanding of what comets are made of. In July 2005, the [[Deep Impact (space mission)|''Deep Impact'']] probe blasted a crater on [[9P/Tempel|Comet Tempel 1]] to study its interior. And in 2014, the Européan [[Rosetta space probe|''Rosetta'']] probe will orbit comet [[67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko|Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko]] and place a small lander on its surface. Rosetta observed the Deep Impact event, and with its set of very sensitive instruments for cometary investigations, it used its capabilities to observe Tempel 1 before, during and after the impact. At a distance of about 80 million kilometres from the comet, Rosetta was the only spacecraft other then Deep Impact itself to view the comet. === Debat ngeunaan kandungan komét === <!--[[Image:Comet_borrelly.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Comet Borrelly]] exhibits jets, yet is hot and dry.]]--> As late as 2002, there is conflict on how much ice is in a comet. NASA's Deep Space 1 téam, working at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab, obtained high-resolution images of the surface of comet Borrelly. They announced that comet Borrelly exhibits distinct jets, yet has a hot, dry surface. The assumption that comets contain water and other ices led Dr. Laurence Soderblom of the U.S. Géological Survey to say, "The spectrum suggests that the surface is hot and dry. It is surprising that we saw no traces of water ice." However, he goes on to suggest that the ice is probably hidden below the crust as "either the surface has been dried out by solar heating and maturation or perhaps the very dark soot-like material that covers Borrelly's surface masks any trace of surface ice".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2002/release_2002_80.html| title=NASA Spacecraft Finds Comet Has Hot, Dry Surface| year=2002| publisher=JPL| accessdate=2006-03-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012140123/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2002/release_2002_80.html |date=2012-10-12 }}</ref> The recent [[Deep Impact (space mission)|Deep Impact]] probe has also yielded results suggesting that the majority of a comet's water ice is below the surface, and that these resevoirs feed the jets of vaporised water that form the coma of Tempel 1.[http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2005-06/05-072.html] == Komét nu kasohor == === Komét gedé === While hundreds of tiny comets pass through the inner solar system every yéar, only a very few comets are noticed by the general public. About every decade or so, a comet will become bright enough to be noticed by a casual observer — such comets are often designated [[Great Comet]]s. In times past, bright comets often inspired panic and hysteria in the general population, being thought of as bad omens. More recently, during the passage of Halley's Comet in 1910, the éarth passed through the comet's tail, and erronéous newspaper reports inspired a féar that [[cyanogen]] in the tail might poison millions, while the appéarance of [[Comet Hale-Bopp]] in 1997 triggered the mass suicide of the [[Heaven's Gate (cult)|Heaven's Gate]] cult. To most péople, however, a gréat comet is simply a béautiful spectacle. See images of Hale-Bopp at the [http://www.kopernik.org/images/archive/halebopp.htm Comet Hale-Bopp Images webpage]. Predicting whether a comet will become a gréat comet is notoriously difficult, as many factors may cause a comet's brightness to depart drastically from predictions. Broadly spéaking, if a comet has a large and active nucleus, will pass close to the Sun, and is not obscured by the Sun as seen from the éarth when at its brightest, it will have a chance of becoming a gréat comet. However, [[Comet Kohoutek]] in 1973 fulfilled all the criteria and was expected to become spectacular, but failed to do so. [[Comet West]], which appéared three yéars later, had much lower expectations (perhaps because scientists were much warier of glowing predictions after the Kohoutek fiasco), but became an extremely impressive comet.<ref>Kronk, 'C/1975 V1 (West)'</ref> The late 20th century saw a lengthy gap without the appéarance of any gréat comets, followed by the arrival of two in quick succession — [[Comet Hyakutake]] in 1996, followed by Hale-Bopp, which réached maximum brightness in 1997 having been discovered two yéars éarlier. As yet, the 21st century has not seen the arrival of any gréat comets. === Komét nu teu ilahar === Of the thousands of known comets, some are very unusual. Comet Encke orbits from inside the orbit of Jupiter to inside the orbit of [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] while Comet [[29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann]] orbits in a néarly circular orbit entirely between Jupiter and [[Saturn (planet)|Saturn]].<ref>Kronk, '29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1'</ref> [[2060 Chiron]], whose unstable orbit keeps it between Saturn and [[Uranus (planet)|Uranus]], was originally classified as an asteroid until a faint coma was noticed.<ref>Kronk, '95P/Chiron'</ref> Similarly, [[137P/Shoemaker-Levy|Comet Shoemaker-Levy 2]] was originally designated asteroid [[1990 UL3|1990 UL<sub>3</sub>]].<ref>Kronk, '137P/Shoemaker-Levy 2'</ref> Some [[near-earth asteroid]]s are thought to be extinct nuclei of comets which no longer experience outgassing. Some comets have been observed to bréak up. [[3D/Biela|Comet Biela]] was one significant example, bréaking into two during its 1846 perihelion passage. The two comets were seen separately in 1852, but never again after that. Instéad, spectacular metéor showers were seen in 1872 and 1885 when the comet should have been visible. A lesser metéor shower, the Andromedids, occurs annually in November, and is caused by the éarth crossing Biela's orbit.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://comets.amsmeteors.org/meteors/showers/andromedids.html| title=The Andromedids ("Bielids")| publisher=Gary W. Kronk's Comets & Meteor Showers| accessdate=2006-03-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051218182304/http://comets.amsmeteors.org/meteors/showers/andromedids.html |date=2005-12-18 }}</ref> Several other comets have been seen to bréak up during their perihelion passage, including gréat comets West and [[Comet Ikeya-Seki]]. Some comets, such as the [[Kreutz Sungrazers]], orbit in groups and are thought to be pieces of a single object that has previously broken apart. Another very significant cometary disruption was that of [[Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9]], which was discovered in 1993. At the time of its discovery, the comet was in orbit around Jupiter, having been captured by the planet during a very close approach in 1992. This close approach had alréady broken the comet into hundreds of pieces, and over a period of 6 days in July 1994, these pieces slammed into Jupiter's atmosphere — the first time astronomers had observed a collision between two objects in the solar system.<ref>Kronk, 'D/1993 F2 Shoemaker-Levy 9'</ref> However, it has been suggested that the likely object responsible for the [[Tunguska event]] in 1908 was a fragment of Comet Encke. Less likely is the attribution to an Encke fragment of having caused the formation of the [[Giordano Bruno (crater)]] on the Moon in 1178. === Komét nu kiwari bisa ditempo === [[Komét SWAN]], nu ditandaan ogé minangka C/2006M4, kapanggih ku [[solar and heliospheric observatory|SWAN/SOHO]] tanggal 20 Juni 2006, [http://cometography.com/lcomets/2006m4.html as of October 6] katempo maké toropong di langit wanci janari leutik dina konstélasi [[Canes Venatici]]. Périhéliumna mah 28 Séptémber. Komét ieu meta kacida gancangna ka [[Aquila]] tur jadi targé nu gampang pikeun ditoropong di langit wanci munggaran peuting salila bulan Oktober. Kiwari mah geus ''pudar'' alatan nambahna jarak ti Bumi ka Srangéngé. == Tempo ogé == * [[Daptar komét périodis]] * [[Daptar komét non-périodis]] * [[Kajadian tubrukan]] * [[Skala Torino]] keur ngagolongkeun bahya tubrukan * [[Komét dina fiksi]] == Référénsi == <div class="references-small"> <references/> # Européan Southern Observatory. (2003). "A Brief History of Comets." Available online: [http://www.eso.org/outreach/info-events/hale-bopp/comet-history-1.html Part I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305084811/http://www.eso.org/outreach/info-events/hale-bopp/comet-history-1.html |date=2005-03-05 }}, [http://www.eso.org/outreach/info-events/hale-bopp/comet-history-2.html Part II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303052804/http://www.eso.org/outreach/info-events/hale-bopp/comet-history-2.html |date=2007-03-03 }}. # Vigyan Prasar (2001). "Development of Cometary Thought." Available online: [http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/mar2001/comets.htm Part I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050416165441/http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/mar2001/comets.htm |date=2005-04-16 }}, [http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/apr2001/comets.htm Part II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050414162435/http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/apr2001/comets.htm |date=2005-04-14 }}. </div> == Tumbu luar == {{Commons2|Comets}} * [http://www.cometography.com/ Cometography.com] * [http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/comet.html David Jewitt overview of the comets] * [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QB721xM635/ ESSAY ON COMETS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050402090716/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QB721xM635/ |date=2005-04-02 }}, which gained the first of Dr. Fellowes's prizes, proposed to those who had attended the University of Edinburgh within the last twelve yéars. By David Milne. Publisher: Edinburgh, Printed for A. Black; 1828. ''(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; [[DjVu]] & [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QB721xM635/1f/essay_on_comets.pdf layered PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409074551/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QB721xM635/1f/essay_on_comets.pdf |date=2008-04-09 }} format)'' * [http://www.newscientistspace.com/channel/solar-system/comets-asteroids Everything you wanted to know about comets and asteroids] — Provided by ''[[New Scientist]]''. * [http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/Headlines.html Listing of newly discovered comets] * {{dmoz|Science/Astronomy/Solar_System/Asteroids,_Comets_and_Meteors/Comets/|Comets}} * [http://www.aerith.net/index.html Seiichi Yoshida's Comet Information website] * [http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/icq/icq.html Source of useful comet-related material on the Web] {{PlanetLeutik}} {{Tatasurya}} [[Kategori:Komét|*]] [[Kategori:Planét leutik]] <!-- The below are interlanguage links. --> q5ugoam0ltg8wrhfs2guplx70hw9o65 Swédia 0 17032 729313 708738 2026-09-27T00:21:03Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{otheruses}} {{Infobox Country |native_name = {{lang|sv|''Konungariket Sverige''}} |conventional_long_name = Karajaan Swédia |common_name = Swédia |image_flag = Flag of Sweden.svg |image_coat = Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg |symbol_type = Lambang Nagara |image_map = EU location SWE.png |national_motto = [[Motto Karajaan Swédia|(Karajaan)]]&nbsp;{{lang|sv|''För Sverige - I tiden''}}&nbsp;<sup>a</sup><br /><small>"Keur Swédia - jeung wanci"</small> |national_anthem = {{lang|sv|''[[Du gamla, du fria]]''}}<br /><small>"Thou ancient, thou free"</small><br />[[Lagu karajaan]]: {{lang|sv|''[[Kungssången]]''}}<br /><small>"Lagu Raja"</small> |official_languages = [[basa Swédia|Swédia]]<br />(''[[de facto]]'')<sup>b</sup> |capital = [[Stockholm]] |latd=59 |latm=21 |latNS=N |longd=18 |longm=4 |longEW=E |largest_city = Stockholm |government_type = <small>Démokrasi&nbsp;[[Sistim parleméntér|parleméntér]]&nbsp;[[Démokrasi Perwakilan|perwakilan]]<br />dina panangtayungan [[karajaan konstitusional]]</span></small> |leader_title1 = [[Raja Swédia|Raja]] |leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Swédia|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name1 = [[:sv:Carl XVI Gustaf|Carl XVI Gustaf]] |leader_name2 = [[:sv:Ulf Kristersson|Ulf Kristersson]] ([[:sv:Moderaterna|M]]) |accessionEUdate = [[1 Januari]] [[1995]] |area_rank = ka-55 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area = 449,964 |areami² = 173,732 |percent_water = 8.67 |population_estimate = 10,402,070<ref name=population>[https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629104711/https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/ |date=2021-06-29 }} [[Statistics Sweden]]. Retrieved 4 December 2021.</ref> |population_estimate_rank = ka-88 |population_estimate_year = 2021 |population_census = 8,587,353 |population_census_year = 1990 |population_density = 20 |population_densitymi² = 52 |population_density_rank = ka-185 |GDP_PPP = $285.1 miliar |GDP_PPP_rank = ka-35 |GDP_PPP_year = 2006 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $31,600 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ka-19 |GDP_nominal = $371.5 [[miliar]] |GDP_nominal_rank = ka-20 |GDP_nominal_year = 2006 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,694 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ka-9 |sovereignty_type = [[Gabungan Swédia|Gabungan]] |sovereignty_note = Prasajarah |HDI = {{increase}} 0.951 |HDI_rank = ka-5 |HDI_year = 2004 |HDI_category = <font color="#009900">luhur</font> |currency = [[Krona Swédia|Krona]] |currency_code = SEK |country_code = SWE |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.se]]<sup>c</sup> |calling_code = 46 |footnotes = <sup>a</sup> {{lang|sv|''För Sverige - I tiden''}} has been adopted by Carl XVI Gustaf as his personal motto. Former king Gustaf VI Adolf's motto was {{lang|sv|''Plikten framför allt''}}, "Duty above all".<br /><sup>b</sup> The [[Swedish language]] is ''[[de facto]]'' the national language. Five other languages are officially recognized as minority languages.<br /><sup>c</sup> The [[.eu]] domain is also used, as it is shared with other [[European Union]] member states. The [[.nu]] domain is another commonly used TLD ("nu" means "now" in Swedish). }} '''Karajaan Swédia''' ([[basa Swédia|Swédia]]: ''{{Audio|Sv-Konungariket_Sverige.ogg|Konungariket Sverige}}'') nyaéta hiji [[nagara Nordik]] di [[Skandinavia]]. Diwatesan ku [[Norwégia]] di beulah kulon, [[Finlandia]] di wétan kalér, Selat [[Skagerrak]] jeung Selat [[Kattegat]] di kulon kidul, sarta [[Laut Baltik]] jeung [[Teluk Bothnia]] di beulah wétaneunnana. Swédia dihubungkeun jeung [[Denmark]] di beulah wétan kiduleunnana ku [[Sasak Oresund]]. Swédia miboga [[kapadetan pangeusi]] nu handap kajaba di [[:Kategori:Wewengon métropolitan di Swédia|wewengkon métropolitan]], nu mana lolobana daratannana mangrupa [[leuweung]]. Nagara ieu miboga sumber alam [[cai]], [[kayu]] jeung [[beusi]] nu réa. Wargana ngarasakeun ngeunahna standar kahirupan nu luhur di hiji nagara nu sacara umum karasa modéren jeung liberal. Dina pertengahan Abad Panengah (1397), miturut pungkasannana [[Jaman Viking]] (ca. 800-1100), Swédia jadi bagian tina [[Uni Kalmar]] babarengan jeung [[Dénmark]] sarta [[Norwégia]] ([[Finlandia]] kiwari mangrupa bagian tina karajaan Swédia). Swédia ninggalkeun uni dina abad ka-16, sarta ampir henteu eureun-eureun perang jeung tatanggana salila sababaraha taun, hususna Rusia jeung [[Dénmark-Norwégia]] nu ngahiji kénéh, nu henteu kungsi narima kaluarna Swédia tina gabungan. Dina abad ka-17 Swédia nambah wilayahna alatan [[perang]] sarta jadi [[Kakuatan Gedé]], dua kalieun ukurannana kiwari. Taun 1814 Swédia leungiteun karajaannana saperti Finlandia, nu saméméhna mangrupa bagian tina Karajaan Swédia. Ti 1814, Swédia jadi nagara daméy, maké kawijakan luar nagri [[non-blok]] dina waktu daméy sarta [[nagara nétral|nétralitas]] dina waktuna aya perang. {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} Sweden has been a major Européan exporter of [[beusi]], [[tambaga]] jeung [[kayu]] since the [[Middle Ages]]. However, [[transportation in Sweden|improved transportation]] and [[communications in Sweden|communication]] allowed it to utilize natural assets from different parts of the country on a far larger scale, most notably [[Logging|timber]] and [[iron ore]]. Economic liberalization as well as universal schooling contributed to the rapid industrialization, and by the 1890s the country had begun to develop an advanced manufacturing industry. In the 20th century, Sweden emerged as a [[welfare state]]; consequently, it usually ranks among the top countries in the [[UN Human Development Index]]. == Sajarah == {{utama|Sajarah Swédia}} === Prasajarah === {{further|Prasajarah Swédia}} [[Gambar:Royal mounds.JPG|thumb|350px|Tilu "gundukan karajaan" di [[Gamla Uppsala]].]] The first population came to Sweden from the éast. In the beginning the land was populated by Sami péople (see Fenno-Ugrian languages and cultures). Generally we can see that soon after the end of the last ice age, Sweden became populated by Indo-Européan [[hunter-gatherer]]s and then farmers during the [[Nordic Stone Age]] (10 000 BC – 1700 BC). This was followed by the [[Nordic Bronze Age]] (1700 - 500 BC) and [[Iron Age]] (500 BC - AD 1050). Societies in Sweden remained on the preliterate tribal and [[chiefdom]] levels to the 1st millennium AD. At this time a lot of péople had access to this aréa. As the water was the best traveling connection, the new land of Sweden had many accessors. The inhabitants of this time frame are péople from all over surrounding aréas. The country borders did not exist. It is not known when and how the kingdom of Sweden was born.<ref name="sh">Hadenius, S; Nilsson, T and Åselius, G. (1996:13): {| |- | &nbsp; |Hur och när det svenska riket uppstod vet vi inte. Först under 1100-talet börjar skriftliga dokument produceras i Sverige i någon större uppfattning [...] | &nbsp; |How and when the Swedish kingdom appeared is not known. It is not until the 12th century that written document begin to be produced in Sweden in any larger extent [...] |}</ref> Sweden was first mentioned in the 1st century, by Roman historian [[Tacitus]], who wrote that the [[Suiones]] tribe lived out in the séa and were powerful in both arms and ships. Tacitus expressed concern that these Swedes might ally with neighboring tribes and cause trouble for the Roman Empire. This referred to the inhabitants of éastern Sweden: [[Svealand]], primarily around lake [[Mälaren]]. From this tribe, Sweden derived its name (see [[Etymology of Sweden]]). The southern parts, on the other hand, were inhabited by the [[Geat]]s in the [[Götaland]] territory, and ''[[Beowulf]]'' spéaks of semi-legendary [[Swedish-Geatish wars]] in the [[6th century]]. The northern part, [[Norrland]], was according to him, populated by [[Sami]] and possibly péople related to the Finns (the northern men). The Vikings were antigent travellers who were skillful tradesmen and even robbers. During the [[Viking Age]] of the 9th and 10th century, [[Varangian|Swedish vikings]] travelled éast starting from Sweden and Finland going to Baltic countries, and Russia, whose name probably comes from the [[Slavic]] name for these Vikings: ''Rus''. There are reséarchers who are having strong evidence for the name "Roslagen" being taken into the Finnish language as the country name "Ruotsi." The name "Ruotsi" has been latterly referred to word Ryssi (foreigners). Their routes passed the [[The Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks|rivers of Russia]] down south to [[Constantinople]]. === Jaman Pertemgahan === {{further | [[Sajarah Swédia baheula]] jeung [[Ngadegna Swédia Modéren]]}} [[Gambar:Gripsholmslott.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Kastil Gripsholm]] di saluareun [[Mariefred]].]] With [[Christianization]] in the 11th century, the country became [[Consolidation of Sweden|consolidated]], with its centre in the agricultural regions of Östergötland and Västergötland and later on also in the water-ways of the northern Baltic and the [[Gulf of Finland]]. In the 14th century Sweden, like the rest of Europe, was struck by the [[Black Death]] (the Plague), with all its effect. During the [[Middle Ages]], Christianity came to Sweden from the south by Catholic monks and nuns. Christianity came from the éast to Finland possibly via the Vikings. Sweden expanded towards the northern part of the country, Lappland. Finland was still a part of Sweden from 1155 until 1809. In 1389, [[Norway]], [[Denmark]] and Sweden were united under a single [[monarch]] in a tréaty known as the [[Kalmar Union]]. After several wars and disputes between these nations, King [[Gustav I of Sweden]] ([[House of Vasa]]) broke free from it in 1521 and established a nation state, considered the [[foundation of modern Sweden]]. Shortly afterwards he rejected [[Catholicism]] and led Sweden to the [[Protestant Reformation]]. Gustav I is considered to be Sweden's "[[Father of the Nation]]". === The Emergence of a Great Power === {{further|Tuwuhna Swédia minangka Kakuatan Gedé|Karajaan Swédia|Swédia jeung Great Northern War|Absolute Monarchy in Sweden|Sweden-Finland|Union between Sweden and Norway}} [[Gambar:Sweden in 1658.PNG|right|160px|thumb|[[Karajaan Swédia]] taun 1658 (konéng) dilapisan ku Swédia kiwari (oranye).]] The 17th century saw [[Rise of Sweden as a Great Power|the rise of Sweden]] as one of the [[Great Power]]s in Europe, because of successful participation, initiated by King [[Gustav II Adolph of Sweden|Gustav II Adolph]], in the [[Thirty Years' War]] and by [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]] in the [[The Deluge (Polish history)|The Deluge]] of [[Poland]]. During this time Sweden was a nation of some importance in northern Europe, but its overall standing was not comparable to that of Europe's léading nations. Sweden also acquired several mighty enemies and the gréat power status crumbled in the 18th century, after the [[Great Northern War]] (1700 - 1721). Finally in 1809 there was a shift of the rule. The part of the country that was once named [[Österland]] (éastern district) was left by Swedish forces in a battle 1809 in [[Sveaborg]] in Finland. Finland became an [[Grand Duchy of Finland|autonomous Duchy]] of [[Imperial Russia]]. After Denmark was deféated in the [[Napoleonic wars]], Norway was ceded to Sweden in the [[Treaty of Kiel]]. Norway had méanwhile declared itself independent and this led to the [[Campaign against Norway]], which was fought in 1814. It ended with the [[Convention of Moss]], which forced Norway into a union with Sweden that was not dissolved until 1905. But the campaign also signified the last of the Swedish wars. === Sajarah modéren === {{further|Modérnisasi Swédia}} The 18th and 19th centuries saw a significant population incréase, which the writer [[Esaias Tegnér]] in 1833 famously attributed to ''"the peace, the ([[smallpox]]) [[vaccine]], and the [[potatoes]]"'',<ref>{{cite book | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = Paul Robert Magocsi | year = 1998 | title = Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples | publisher = University of Minnesota Press | location = | pages = 1220 | id = ISBN 0-8020-2938-8 }}</ref> with the population doubling between 1750 and 1850. Many looked towards America for a better life, and although not affluent, many Swedes had sufficiently high incomes to be able to afford the boat tickets necessary to maké the journey across the Atlantic. It is believed that between 1850 and 1910 more than one million Swedes moved to the [[United States]]. In the éarly 20th century, more Swedes lived in [[Chicago]] than in [[Gothenburg]] (Sweden's second largest city). Most Swedish immigrants moved to the Midwestern United States, with a large population in [[Minnesota]]. Some Swedes also moved to [[Canada]]. Sweden was traditionally less developed than [[Western Europe]] (though more affluent than much of éastern and Southern Europe); industrialization began in éarnest after 1870. During the late 19th century, Sweden was influenced by Protestant [[temperance movement]]s, mainly of American origin. As a result of their intense propaganda, it is often claimed that alcohol consumption was unusually high in Sweden at this time.<ref>For instance expressed thus: ''As regards social evils generally, however, the low, though undoubtedly improving, standard of Sweden has had one of its chief reasons in the national intemperance.'' [http://25.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SW/SWEDEN.htm Article ''Sweden'' in the online 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516133114/http://25.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SW/SWEDEN.htm |date=2006-05-16 }}.</ref> However, there is no factual ground for believing that alcohol consumption was higher than in other comparable countries. Strong grassroots movements sprung up during the latter half of the 19th century (unions, temperance groups, and independent religious groups). They were all based on democratic principles and built a strong base for Sweden's migration into a modérn parliamentary democracy, achieved by the time of [[World War I]]. As the [[Industrial Revolution]] progressed during the century, péople gradually began moving into [[Cities of Sweden|cities]] to work in [[factory|factories]], and became involved in [[Socialist]] [[trade union|unions]]. A [[Socialist]] [[revolution]] was avoided in 1917, following the re-introduction of [[Parliamentarism]], and the country was [[democratization|democratized]]. === Sajarah terahir === {{further|Swédia satutasna perang}} By the 1930s Sweden had achieved one of Europe's highest living standards. [[Swedish neutrality|Sweden remained neutral]] during [[World War I]] and [[World War II]] as claimed by itself, although its neutrality during World War II has been highly debated. Sweden was forcibly under German influence for most of the war, as ties to the rest of the world were cut off through blockades. The Swedish government felt that it was in no position to openly disagree with Germany, but it did attempt to help the Allies in secret. Many refugees were saved partly because of Sweden's neutrality, among them many Jews. (''See further [[Sweden during World War II]]''). Following the war, Sweden took advantage of intact industrial base, social stability and its natural resources, making it possible to expand its industry to supply the rebuilding of Europe, léading it to be one of the richest countries in the world by 1960. Sweden was part of the [[Marshall Plan]] but continued to stay non-aligned during the [[Cold War]], and is still not a member of any [[military alliance]]. During most of the post-war era, the country was governed by the [[Swedish Social Democratic Party]] (in [[Swedish language|Swedish]]: ''Socialdemokraterna'') and established a [[welfare state]], striving for a "well being for all"-policy. Sweden joined the [[European Union]] in 1995. During the Cold War, Europe's non-aligned Western countries, except Ireland, had considered membership unwise as the then Européan Community, although not involved in military co-operation, was strongly associated with NATO countries; following the end of the Cold War, Sweden, Austria and Finland joined. However, in a 2003 consultative referendum, Swedish citizens declined to adopt the [[Euro]]. Sweden remains non-aligned militarily although it participates in some joint military exercises with NATO (and other) countries and has extensive cooperation with other Européan countries in the aréa of defence technology and defence industry. Sweden has a long history of participating in international military operations, including most recently, Afghanistan, where Swedish troops are under NATO command, and in EU sponsored péace keeping operations in Kosovo and Bosnia. Sweden's economic performance worsened beginning in the 1970s. Following a recession in the éarly 1990s as a result of global economic slowdown, méasures were taken to liberalize the economy. Although the basis of the welfare state have been maintained a number of economic reforms have been implemented, including a reform of the pension system, privatization of state-owned companies and liberalization of markets. The economic situation has improved significantly since then with growth rates outpacing those of the Eurozone. Sweden has had two political murders in recent history: those of Prime Minister [[Olof Palme]] in 1986 and foreign-minister [[Anna Lindh]] in 2003. == Géografi == {{utama|Géografi Swédia}} [[Gambar:Sweden cia old.png|thumb|221px|left|A map of Sweden with largest cities and lakes and most important roads and railroads, from a printed [[CIA World Factbook]]]] [[Gambar:Gamla Stan swe.jpg|right|thumb|View of [[Gamla Stan]] in [[Stockholm]]]] At 449,964&nbsp;km² (173,720 square miles), Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world, the 3rd largest in Europe and the 1st largest in [[Northern Europe]]. The country is somewhat larger than the [[U.S. state]] of [[California]], and in 2006 it had a population of 9.1 million péople. [[Gambar:Sarek Skierffe Rapadelta.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Laponian area|Laponia]] is the largest tract of unspoiled natural land in [[Europe]]]] éast of Sweden lies the [[Baltic Sea]] and the [[Gulf of Bothnia]], providing a long coastline, and mellowing the climate. To the west is the [[Scandinavian mountain chain]] (Skanderna), a range that separates Sweden from [[Norway]]. The southern part of the country is predominantly agricultural, with forests covering a larger percentage of the land the further north one goes. Population density is also higher in southern Sweden, with centres being in the valley of lake [[Mälaren]] and the [[Öresund]] region. [[Gotland]] and [[Öland]] are the largest [[islands of Sweden]]. Sweden enjoys a mostly [[temperate climate]] despite its northern [[latitude]], mainly because of the [[Gulf Stream]]. In the south of Sweden, léaf-béaring [[tree]]s are prolific, further north [[pine]]s, [[spruce]]s and in the very north hardy [[birch]]es dominate the landscape. In the mountains of northern Sweden a sub-Arctic climate predominates. North of the [[Arctic Circle]], the sun never sets for part of éach summer, and in the winter, night is unending for a corresponding period. == Babagian administratif == === County === {{utama|County di Swédia}} [[Gambar:Tarfala.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar deukeuteun [[Kebnekaise]] ti [[Lappland]] di beulah kalér [[Norrland]].]] Swédia kabagi jadi 21 [[county]] atawa {{lang|sv|''[[län]]''}}, nyaéta [[County Stockholm]], [[County Uppsala]], [[County Södermanland]], [[County Östergötland]], [[County Jönköping]], [[County Kronoberg]], [[County Kalmar]], [[County Gotland]], [[County Blekinge]], [[County Skåne]], [[County Halland]], [[County Västra Götaland]], [[County Värmland]], [[County Örebro]], [[County Västmanland]], [[County Dalarna]], [[County Gävleborg]], [[County Västernorrland]], [[County Jämtland]], [[County Västerbotten]] and [[County Norrbotten]]. éach has a [[County Administrative Boards of Sweden|County Administrative Board]] or ''länsstyrelse'' (the first Swedish County Administrative Board was made up by the Swedish Prime minister Axel Oxenstierna in 1634), which is appointed by the Government. In éach county there is also a separate [[County Councils of Sweden|County Council]] or ''landsting'', which is the municipal representation appointed by the county electorate. éach county further divides into a number of [[Municipalities of Sweden|municipalities]] or ''kommuner'', making a total of 290 municipalities, in 2004. There are also older historical divisions of Sweden, primarily into the 25 [[Provinces of Sweden|provinces]] and three [[Lands of Sweden|lands]]. These divisions are still significant. {{clear}} === Munisipalitas panglegana === [[Gambar:Halso island.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar ti [[kapuloan]] [[Göteborg]] di beulah kalér [[Götaland]].]] [[Gambar:Scania outside Malmö at Lockeby.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar ti [[Skåne]] di beulah kidul [[Götaland]].]] Di handap nunjukkeun pangeusi di wewengkon [[munisipalitas]] (''kommun''). Lega diitung dina [[km²]]. Gambar dumasar data 31 Maret 2006.<ref>[http://www.scb.se/Pages/TableAndChart____167883.aspx 2006 census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731025034/http://www.scb.se/Pages/TableAndChart____167883.aspx |date=2009-07-31 }} ti loka [[Statistics Sweden]].</ref> {| class="wikitable" |-style="background: #efefef;" !align=right| Réngking !align=left| Munisipalitas !align=right| Pangeusi !align=right| Wewengkon darat !align=right| Kapadetan |-align=right |1 ||align=left| [[Stockholm]] || '''774,411''' || 187.74 || 4,124.91 |-align=right |2 ||align=left| [[Göteborg]] || '''487,028''' || 450.71 || 1,080.58 |-align=right |3 ||align=left| [[Malmö]] || '''272,634''' || 155.56 || 1,752.60 |-align=right |4 ||align=left| [[Uppsala]] || '''183,911''' || 2,189.10 || 84.01 |-align=right |5 ||align=left| [[Linköping]] || '''137,949''' || 1,435.80 || 96.08 |-align=right |6 ||align=left| [[Västerås]] || '''132,344''' || 962.78 || 137.46 |-align=right |7 ||align=left| [[Örebro]] || '''128,170''' || 1,380.11 || 92.87 |-align=right |8 ||align=left| [[Norrköping]] || '''124,729''' || 1,503.61 || 82.95 |-align=right |9 ||align=left| [[Helsingborg]] || '''122,349''' || 346.25 || 353.35 |-align=right |10 ||align=left| [[Jönköping]] || '''121,229''' || 1,488.75 || 81.43 |-align=right |11 ||align=left| [[Umeå]] || '''110,919''' || 2,331.39 || 47.58 |-align=right |12 ||align=left| [[Lund]] || '''102,452''' || 430.27 || 238.11 |-align=right |13 ||align=left| [[Borås]] || '''99,645''' || 915.22 || 108.88 |-align=right |14 ||align=left| [[Sundsvall]] || '''94,121''' || 3,208.70 || 29.33 |-align=right |15 ||align=left| [[Gävle]] || '''92,257''' || 1,615.07 || 57.12 |} {{further|Daptar munisipalitas di Swédia dumasar pangeusi}} == Démografi == {{details|Démografi Swédia}} Sweden has one of the world's highest [[life expectancies]]. As of approximately [[12 Agustus]] [[2004]], the total population of Sweden for the first time exceeded 9,000,000, according to the [[Statistics Sweden|SCB]]. As of February 2006, the population was 9,060,430.<ref>[http://www.scb.se/Pages/TableAndChart____25897.aspx Swedish Statistical Agency statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714003037/http://www.scb.se/Pages/TableAndChart____25897.aspx |date=2009-07-14 }}</ref> About 86.7% of the population is [[Ethnic Swedes|ethnic Swedish]]. The largest non-Swedish ethnic group are the Finns, who maké up about 5% of the whole population and in the aréas néar the border to Finland 50% of the population. A big group that has immigrated is from former Yugoslavia and the Middle éast. The original population of [[Sami people]] (a folk group living in 4 countries) is only about 20 000 persons. Approximately 77,500 of the nation's population is of [[sub-Saharan]] [[African]] ancestry. Sweden has been transformed from a nation of [[emigration]] ending after [[World War I]] to a nation of [[immigration]] from [[World War II]] onwards. Currently, almost 12% of the residents were born abroad, and about one fifth of Sweden's population are either immigrants or the children of immigrants. The largest immigrant groups are from [[Finland]], the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|former Yugoslavia]], the [[Middle East]] and other [[Nordic Countries]], in that order. This reflects the inter-Nordic migrations, éarlier periods of labour immigration, and later decades of refugee and family immigration. [[Uni Soviet|Soviet]] intervention against the [[1956 Hungarian Revolution]] and the [[Prague Spring|1968 Czechoslovak liberalization]] resulted in the first surges of intellectual [[political refugee]]s. Some [[United States|American]] deserters from the [[Vietnam War]] also found refuge among the Swedes, who in international politics took a cléar stand against what they typically viewed as [[imperialism]] executed by both the Soviet Union and the United States. Following the [[Chilean coup of 1973|1973 coup]] in [[Chile]], a large number of political refugees arrived in Sweden. Others came from [[South America]]n countries like [[Argentina]] and [[Uruguay]] following the rise of military dictatorships. Sweden has also taken in refugees from [[Iran]], [[Irak]] jeung [[Palestinian territories|those from the Palestinian territories]]. == Basa == {{details|basa Swédia}}{{details|basa-basa di Swédia}} Swedish is a [[north Germanic languages|North Germanic language]], related and very similar to [[Danish language|Danish]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], but differing in pronunciation and [[orthography]]. Sweden has no [[basa resmi]] but Swedish holds a [[de facto]] status as such. The dominant language has always been Swedish and there has previously never been a political need to maké it an [[official language]]. However, with the recognition of five [[minority languages of Sweden]] ([[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Meänkieli]], [[basa Sami|Sami]], [[Romany language|Romani]] and [[Yiddish]]) on [[1 April]], [[2000]], the issue of whether Swedish should be declared the official language was raised. On [[7 Désémber]] [[2005]], the parliament voted on this issue, but with a count of 147 to 145 because of voting errors by some members of parliament the proposal to maké Swedish the official language failed.{{citation needed}} It was, however, strengthened as the principal language in that same proposal. A majority of Swedes, especially those born after World War II, are able to understand and spéak [[English language|English]] thanks to trade links, the popularity of overséas travel, a strong Anglo-American influence and the tradition of [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitling]] rather than dubbing foreign television shows and films. English became a compulsory subject for [[Secondary education|secondary school]] students studying [[natural science]]s as éarly as 1849 and has been a compulsory subject for all Swedish students since the late 1940s.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www3.lu.se/info/lum/LUM_07_99/01_engelska.html | title = English spoken - fast ibland hellre än bra | publisher = Lund University newsletter 7/1999 | language = Swedish }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106110733/http://www3.lu.se/info/lum/LUM_07_99/01_engelska.html |date=2006-01-06 }}</ref> Depending on the local school authorities, English is currently a compulsory subject from [[third grade|third]] until [[ninth grade]], and all students continuing in secondary school study English for at léast another yéar. Most students also léarn one and sometimes two additional languages; the most popular being [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]]. Some [[Danish language|Danish]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] is, at times, also taught as part of the Swedish course taught to native spéakers of Swedish to emphasize differences and similarities between the two languages. == Pulitik == <!--Please add new information into relevant articles of the series--> {{morepolitics|country=Sw Swédia}} === Sistim pulitik === Sweden is a constitutional monarchy, in which [[King Carl XVI Gustaf]] is héad of state, but royal power has long been limited to official and ceremonial functions. The nation's legislature is the Swedish Parliament ([[Riksdag]]), with 349 members. Parliamentary elections are held every four yéars, on the third Sunday of September. Sweden has been a [[monarchy]] for almost a [[millennium]], with its [[taxation]] controlled by the [[Riksdag]] (parliament). It consisted of [[Riksdag of the Estates|two chambers]], made up by representatives from the 4 [[Estates of the realm|estates]]: ''clergy, [[Swedish nobility|nobility]], townsmen'' and ''[[peasants]]'', until 1866 when Sweden became a [[Constitutional monarchy]] with a [[bicameral]] parliament. Its First Chamber was indirectly elected by [[local government]]s, and the Second Chamber directly elected in national elections every four yéars. [[Gambar:Riksdagen June 2011.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Riksdag]] building, Stockholm .]] [[Gambar:Riksdag assembly hall 2006.jpg|thumb|220px|Inside the Riksdag, after the 2006 renovation]] Legislative power was (symbolically) shared between king and parliament until 1975. In 1971 the Riksdag became [[unicameral]]. Constitutionally, the 349-member Riksdag holds supreme authority in Sweden, and its acts are not subject to compulsory [[judicial review]], although the review carried out by ''lagrådet'' (Law Council) is typically respected. Acts of the parliament must be made inapplicable at every level if they are obviously against constitutional laws. Legislation may be initiated by the [[Government of Sweden|Cabinet]] or by members of Parliament. Members are elected on the basis of [[proportional representation]] for a four-yéar term. The [[Constitution of Sweden]] can be altered by the Riksdag, which requires a [[supermajority]] and confirmation after the following general elections. Sweden has three other constitutional laws: the Act of Royal Succession, the Freedom of Press Act and the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression. Executive power was shared between the King and a noble [[Privy Council]] until 1680, followed by the King's [[autocracy|autocratic rule]] initiated by the common estates of the Parliament. As a réaction to the failed [[Great Northern War]], [[Parliamentarism]] was introduced in 1719, followed by three different flavours of [[Constitutional Monarchy]] in 1772, 1789 and 1809, [[Swedish constitution of 1809|the latter]] granting several civil liberties. The monarch remains as the formal, but merely symbolic [[head of state]] with [[ceremony|ceremonial]] duties. The [[Swedish Social Democratic Party]] has played a léading political role since 1917, after [[Reformist]]s had confirmed their strength and the [[Left Party (Sweden)|revolutionaries]] left the party. After 1932, the [[Government of Sweden|Cabinets]] have been dominated by the Social Democrats. Only four general elections (1976, 1979, 1991 and 2006) have given the centre-right bloc enough séats in Parliament to form a government. It is considered the réason for the Swedish post-war [[welfare state]],{{fact}} with government expenditure of slightly more than 50% of the [[gross domestic product]]. In the 2006 general election the Moderate Party, allied with the Centre Party, Liberal Péople's Party, and the Christian Democrats, with a common political platform, won a majority of the votes. Together they have formed a majority government under the léadership of the Moderate party's léader [[Fredrik Reinfeldt]]. The following political parties hold séats in the Riksdag (the most recent elections were held in September 2006; the next elections will be held in [[Sweden general election, 2010|September 2010]]): * [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Socialdemokraterna]] (s, Social Democrats): 130 séats, 35.0% (2002: 39.8% of votes, 144 séats) * [[Moderate Party|Moderaterna]] (m, Moderates): 97 séats, 26.2% (2002: 15.2% of votes, 55 séats) * [[Centre Party (Sweden)|Centerpartiet]] (c, Centre Party): 29 séats, 7.9% (2002: 22 séats, 6.1% of votes) * [[Liberal People's Party (Sweden)|Folkpartiet liberalerna]] (fp, Liberal Party): 28 séats, 7.5% (2002: 13.3% of votes, 48 séats) * [[Christian Democrats (Sweden)|Kristdemokraterna]] (kd, Christian Democrats): 24 séats, 6.6% (2002: 33 séats, 9.1% of votes) * [[Left Party (Sweden)|Vänsterpartiet]] (v, Left Party): 22 séats, 5.8% (2002: 28 séats, 8.3% of votes) * [[Green Party (Sweden)|Miljöpartiet]] (mp, Greens): 19 séats, 5.2% (2002: 17 séats, 4.6% of votes) * Other parties ([[Sweden Democrats|Sverigedémokraterna]], Feministiskt initiativ, [[Piratpartiet]], Junilistan, Sjukvårdspartiet) 5.7% Sweden has a history of strong political involvement by ordinary péople through its "popular movements" ("Folkrörelser" in Swedish), the most notable being [[trade unions]], the [[women's movement]], the [[temperance movement]], and - more recently - the sports movement. Election turnout in Sweden has always been high in international comparisons, although it has declined in recent decades, and is currently around 80% (80.11 in [[Sweden general election, 2002]], 81.99 in [[Sweden general election, 2006]]). Some Swedish political figures that have become known worldwide include [[Raoul Wallenberg]], [[Folke Bernadotte]], [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] former [[Secretary General]] of the United Nations, [[Olof Palme]], former Prime Minister, [[Carl Bildt]] former Prime Minister and currently [[Foreign minister]], [[Jan Eliasson]] the présidént of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly of the United Nations]] and [[Hans Blix]] former [[IAEA]] inspector in Iraq. === Pulitik énérgi === :''Keur katerangan leuwih jéntré ngeunaan jejer ieu, tempo: [[Nuclear power phase-out#Sweden|Nuclear power phase-out in Sweden]]; [[Oil phase-out in Sweden]]'' The [[1973 oil crisis]] strengthened Sweden's commitment to decréase dependence on imported fossil fuels. Since then, electricity has been generated mostly from [[hydropower]] and nucléar power. Among other things, the accident of [[Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station]] ([[AS]]) prompted the [[Swedish parliament]] to hold a [[referendum]] on nucléar power. The referendum led to a decision that no further nucléar power plants should be built and that a [[nuclear power phase-out]] should be completed by 2010. [[As of 2005]], the use of [[renewable energy|renewables]] amounted to 26% of the energy supply in Sweden, most important being [[hydroelectricity|hydropower]] and, on a far smaller scale, [[biomass]]. In 2003, electricity from hydropower accounted for 53 [[TWh]] and 40% of the country's production of [[electricity]] with nucléar power delivering 65 TWh (49%). At the same time, the use of [[biofuel]]s, [[peat]] etc. produced 13 TWh of electricity.<ref>[http://www.scb.se/Pages/TableAndChart____24270.aspx SCB figures about energy production and usage 1994-2003 - in Swedish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515090536/http://www.scb.se/Pages/TableAndChart____24270.aspx |date=2011-05-15 }}</ref> In Maret 2005, an opinion poll showed that 83% supported maintaining or incréasing nucléar power.<ref>[http://www.uic.com.au/nip39.htm "Nuclear Power in Sweden" - Uranium Information Centre, Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712203350/http://www.uic.com.au/nip39.htm |date=2007-07-12 }}</ref> Since then however, reports about radioactive léakages at a nucléar waste store in Forsmark, Sweden, have been published.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2005/06/29/afx2116521.html "Swedish nuclear power station leaks high levels of radioactive waste into Baltic" - Forbes June 29, 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011001919/http://www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2005/06/29/afx2116521.html |date=October 11, 2008 }}</ref> This does not seem to have changed the public support of continued use of nucléar power. Sweden decided to phase out [[nuclear fission]] before 2020, although it is very unlikely that this will happen. === Kawijakan luar nagri === Throughout the 20th century, [[Swedish foreign policy]] was based on the principle of [[non-alignment]] in péacetime and [[Neutral country|neutrality]] in wartime. Sweden has been known as one of, if not the most, diplomatically [[Neutral country|neutral]] state during times of war. Dating back to [[World War II]] Sweden did not favour any one side. This has been disputed by many since in effect Sweden allowed the Nazi regime to use its railroad system to transport troops and goods, especially iron ore from the rich mines in northern Sweden, something the German war machine was in desperate need of. This also carries on to [[Cold War]] éra politics in which Sweden was not under the [[Warsaw Pact]] and received only minimal aid from the [[Marshall Plan]] and remained neutral for quite some time. Sweden was also known to be the first western nation to detect unusually high [[radiation]] levels in the atmosphere, which later was confirmed to have been the residual nucléar fallout from the [[Chernobyl]] accident. During the éarly Cold War era, Sweden combined its policy of non-alignment with a low profile in international affairs. At the same time, the country maintained relatively close informal connections with the Western bloc, especially in the réalm of intelligence exchange. In 1952 a Swedish [[DC-3]] was [[Catalina affair|shot down]] over the Baltic séa by a Soviet Fighter. Later investigations revéaled that the plane was actually gathering information for [[NATO]]. Another plane, a [[PBY Catalina|Catalina]] [[search and rescue]] craft, was sent out a few days later and shot down by the Soviets as well. Beginning in the late 1960s, Sweden for a period attempted to play a more significant and independent role in international relations. This involved significant activity in international péace efforts, especially through the [[United Nations]], and in support to the [[Third World]]. Since the murder of [[Olof Palme]] in 1986 and the end of the Cold War, this has been significantly toned down, although Sweden is still comparatively active in péace keeping missions and maintains a generous foreign aid budget. In 1981 a Soviet [[Whiskey class submarine]] ran aground close to the Swedish naval base at [[Karlskrona]] in the southern part of the country. It has never been cléarly established whether the submarine ended up on the shoals through a navigational mistake or if it was a matter of [[espionage]] against Swedish military potential. The incident triggered a diplomatic crisis between Sweden and the Soviet Union. Since 1995 Sweden has been a member of the [[European Union]], and as a consequence of a new world security situation the country's foreign policy doctrine has been partly modified, with Sweden playing a more active role in Européan security co-operation as well. == Militér == {{utama|Swedish Armed Forces}} The '''Swedish Armed Forces''' (Swedish: ''Försvarsmakten'') is a Government agency responsible for the péacetime operation of the armed forces of Sweden. The primary task of the agency is to train and deploy péace support forces abroad, while maintaining the long-term ability to refocus on the defense of the country in the event of war. The Armed Forces is branched into Army, Air Force and Navy. As a Government agency, it reports to the Swedish Ministry of Defence. The héad of armed forces is the Commander-in-Chief of the Swedish Armed Forces (Överbefälhavaren, ÖB), beside the Sovereign the most senior officer in the country. Sweden's military is built on conscription, and until the end of the Cold War néarly all males réaching the age of military service were conscripted. In recent yéars, the number of conscripted males has reduced dramatically, while the number of female volunteers has incréased slightly. Recruitment has generally shifted towards finding the most motivated recruits, rather than solely on the otherwise most fit for service. All soldiers serving abroad are by law required to be volunteers. In 1975 the total number of conscripts was 45,000. By 2003 it was down to 15,000. After the Defense Proposition 2004, the number of troops in training will decréase even more to between 5000 and 10000 éach yéar, which emphasizes the need to recruit only the soldiers later prepared to volunteer for international service. During the yéars Swedish units have taken part in péacekeeping operations, in [[Congo]], [[Cyprus]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]], [[Kosovo]] and [[Afghanistan]]. Currently, one of the most important tasks for the Swedish Armed Forces is to form a Swedish-led EU Battle Group to which Norway, Finland and Estonia will also contribute. The [[Nordic Battlegroup]] (NBG) is to have a 10-day deployment réadiness during the first half of 2008. == Ékonomi == {{utama|Ékonomi Swédia}} [[Gambar:Sweden GRP per Capita2004.svg|thumb|right|275px|[[Gross Regional Product]] (GRP) per capita in thousands of crowns (2004)]] Sweden is an export oriented market economy féaturing a modérn distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labour force. [[Timber]], [[hydropower]], and [[iron ore]] constitute the resource base of an [[economics|economy]] héavily oriented toward [[foreign trade]]. The engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Telecommunications, the automotive industry and the pharmaceutical industries are of gréat importance. [[Agriculture]] accounts for 2% of [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] and employment. Sweden's industry is overwhelmingly in private control; unlike some other industrialized Western countries, such as Austria and Italy, publicly owned enterprises were always of minor importance. 80% of the workforce is organized through the trade-unions which have the right to elect two representatives to the board in all Swedish companies with more than 25 employees.<ref>http://www.samhallsguiden.riksdagen.se/sg-295.asp#P1687_231108 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925055310/http://www.samhallsguiden.riksdagen.se/sg-295.asp#P1687_231108 |date=2006-09-25 }}</ref> The Swedish [[Sveriges Riksbank|Riksbank]] - founded in 1668 and thus making it the oldest central bank in the world - is focusing on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth is expected to réach 3.3% in 2006. High taxes have however ensured a higher degree of government influence on household consumption decisions than in most other Western nations. Public sector spending amounts to 53% of the GDP; the high figure primarily reflects the large transfer payments of the Swedish welfare state. <!-- Note that it is wrong to say that public sector spending contributes 53% to GDP, as much of that is transfer payments --> Swedish unemployment figures are highly contested, with the Social-Democrats defending the official figure of 5.4% (as of 2006) and the centre-right [[Alliance for Sweden]] claiming a much higher figure. These numbers do not, however, include unemployed péople in government programmes (about 2% of the workforce), péople on extended sick-léave, those in éarly retirement or those outside the unemployment system. Unemployment is higher amongst younger péople. Many Swedes work abroad in [[Denmark]], [[Norway]] and even the [[UK]], where they are desired and viewed as a skilled workforce. Because of the contradiction - unemployment and a growing commercial enterprise economy, politicians and analysts often spéak of the "jobless growth". Sweden is known for having an even distribution of income, with a [[Gini coefficient]] at 0.21 in 2001 (one of the most even income distributions in the industrialized world). However Sweden still béars scars from the economic crisis in the 1990s, induced by a glitch in the economic system and poor léadership. The crisis resulted in thousands of péople unemployed and a gréat national debt. Two remnants of the event are the gréat economic segregation in the country and the national debt of approximately 1245 billion [[Swedish Krona]] (approx. €133 billion , 09.2006).<ref>[http://www.rgk.se/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070120231748/http://www.rgk.se/ |date=2007-01-20 }}(2006).</ref> == Kasajahtraan == {{further|Kasajahtraan Swédia}} [[Gambar:Hjalmar Brantings porträtt av Richard Bergh.jpg|160px|thumb|right|[[Hjalmar Branting]], the first democratically elected Prime Minister of Sweden]] In recent yéars, economic liberalization has ensured that Sweden is now more similar to other high tax Européan countries. However, some still claim that the [[Scandinavian model]] is mid-way between [[socialism]] and [[capitalism]]. Like many other industrialized countries, especially in Western Europe, Sweden has a large welfare state. However, it is unusually extensive in Sweden. The state provides for tax-funded childcare, parental léave, a ceiling on héalth care costs, tax-funded education (all levels up to, and including university), retirement pensions, tax-funded dental care up to 20 yéars of age and [[sick leave]] (partly paid by the employer). Parents are entitled to a total of 480 days partly paid léave between birth and the child's eighth birthday, with 60 days reserved specifically for éach parent, in effect providing the father with two so-called "daddy-months". In addition, the ceiling on héalth care costs makes it éasier, relative to other nations, for Swedish workers to take time off for medical réasons. The Swedish welfare system remains extensive, but a recession in the 1990s forced an introduction of a number of reforms, such as [[education voucher]]s in 1992 and decentralization of some types of héalthcare services to municipal control.<ref>[http://fcpp.org/main/publication_detail.php?PubID=814 "Law of the Labour Back Benches" - New Statesman September 6, 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124122229/http://www.fcpp.org/main/publication_detail.php?PubID=814 |date=January 24, 2008 }}</ref> The welfare state requires high taxes. Since the late 1960s, Sweden has had the highest tax quota (as percentage of GDP) in the industrialized world, but today the difference is only a couple of percentage points of GDP above that of other high-tax countries such as France, Belgium and Denmark. Sweden has a two step [[progressive tax]] scale with a municipal income tax of about 30% and an additional high-income state tax of 20-25% when a salary exceeds roughly 300 000 SEK per yéar. The employing company pays an additional 32% of an "employer's fee". In addition, a national [[Value added tax|VAT]] of 25% or 18% is added to many things bought by private citizens, with the exception of food (12% VAT), transportation, and books (6% VAT). Certain items are taxed at higher rates, e.g. petrol/diesel and alcoholic beverages. == Pangatikan == {{utama|Pangatikan di Swédia}} As part of its social welfare system, Sweden provides an extensive [[childcare]] system that guarantees a place for all young children from 1–5 yéars old in a public day-care facility (''förskola'' or ''dagis''). Between ages 6–16, children attend compulsory comprehensive school, divided in three stages. After completing the ninth grade, 90% continue with a three-yéar upper secondary school (''gymnasium'') léading sometimes to a vocational diploma and often to qualifications for further studies at a [[List of universities in Sweden|university or university college (''högskola'')]]. Both upper secondary school and university studies are financed by taxes. Some Swedes go straight to work after secondary school. == Ageman == {{utama|Garéja Swédia}} Before the 11th century, péople of Sweden adhered to [[Norse paganism]], worshiping [[Æsir]] gods, with its centre at the [[temple at Uppsala|Temple in Uppsala]]. With [[Christianization]] in the 11th century, the laws of the country were changed, forbidding worship of other deities. After the [[Protestant Reformation]] in the 1530s the Church and State were separated, abolishing the authority of the Roman Catholic bishops, and in the long run allowed only [[Lutheranism]] to prevail. This process was not completed until the [[Uppsala|Uppsala Synod 1593]]. During the éra following the Reformation, usually known as the period of [[Lutheran Orthodoxy]], in the 17th century, small groups of non-Lutherans, especially [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] [[Dutch people|Dutchmen]] and [[Walloon]]s who played a significant role in trade and industry, were quietly tolerated as long as they kept a low religious profile. The [[Sami people|Sami]] originally had their own shamanistic religion, but they were converted to Lutheranism by Swedish missionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries. Not until liberalization in the late 18th century, were believers of other faiths, including [[Judaism]] and [[Catholicism]], allowed to openly live and work in Sweden, although it remained [[illegal]] until 1860 for Lutheran Swedes to convert to another religion. The 19th century saw the arrival of various [[Low church|evangelical]] [[free church]]es, and, towards the end of the century [[secularism]] began attracting attention, léading péople to distance themselves from Church rituals. Léaving the [[Church of Sweden]] became legal with the so-called dissenter law of 1860, but only under the provision of entering another denomination. The right to stand outside any religious denomination was established in the Law on Freedom of Religion in 1951. Today about 78% of Swedes belong to the Church of Sweden, but the number is decréasing by about one per cent every yéar, and Church of Sweden services are sparsely attended (hovering in the single digit percentages of the population).<ref>[http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/ Church of Sweden], [https://web.archive.org/web/20080309122514/http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/statistik/pdf/medlemmar.pdf Members 1978-2004, PDF document in Swedish]</ref> The réason for the large number of inactive members is that until 1996, all children became members automatically at birth, if at léast one of their parents were a member. Since 1996, all children that are baptised become members. Some 275,000 Swedes are today members of various free churches (where congregation attendance is much higher), and, in addition, [[immigration]] has méant that there are now some 92,000 [[Roman Catholics]] and 100,000 [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Christians]] living in Sweden.<ref>[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frikyrka Statistics about free churches and immigration churches from Swedish Wikipedia - in Swedish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530152849/http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frikyrka |date=2008-05-30 }}</ref> Due to [[immigration]], Sweden also has a significant [[Muslim]] population. As many as 500,000 are Muslims by tradition<ref>[http://sydsvenskan.se/sverige/article140868.ece Swedish Newspaper - in Swedish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113112554/http://www.sydsvenskan.se/sverige/article140868.ece |date=2012-01-13 }}</ref> and between 80,000 - 400,000 of these are practicing Muslims. ''(See also [[Islam in Sweden]])'' According to the most recent Eurostat "Eurobarometer" poll, in 2005,<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurostat poll on the social and religious beliefs of Europeans Eurobarometer,] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813012458/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |date=2011-08-13 }} ([[PDF]] format)</ref> 23% of Swedish citizens responded that "they believe there is a god", wheréas 53% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 23% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force". == Budaya == [[Gambar:Redswedenred.sommar.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Traditional Swedish rural house, painted in the traditional Swedish [[Falu red]].]] [[Gambar:Turning Torso 3.jpg|thumb|280px|right|The award winning [[Turning Torso]] skyscraper in [[Malmö]], is 190 metres tall and is the highest [[skyscraper]] in Sweden and the second-highest residential one in [[Europe]].]] <!--[[Image:Ebbaflagga12.jpg|thumb|none|200px|right|[[Ebba Grön]], early Swedish punk band]]--> Swedish authors of worldwide recognition include [[Henning Mankell]], [[Carolus Linnaeus]] (the father of botany), [[Emanuel Swedenborg]], [[August Strindberg]], [[Selma Lagerlöf]], [[Vilhelm Moberg]], [[Harry Martinson]] and [[Astrid Lindgren]], the author of the [[Pippi Longstocking]] books. Sweden made its first contributions to Western culture and science in the mid 18th century. The nation's most well-known artists are painters [[Carl Larsson]], [[Anders Zorn]], and [[Alexander Roslin]], and the sculptors [[Tobias Sergel]] and [[Carl Milles]]. Some well-known inventions and discoveries, historical and modérn, were made by Swedes. Some notable figures are [[Alfred Nobel]], [[Anders Celsius]], [[Baltzar von Platen]], [[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]], [[Jöns Jakob Berzelius]], [[John Ericsson]], [[Anders Jonas Ångström]], [[Lars Magnus Ericsson]], [[Svante Arrhenius]], [[Arvid Carlsson]], [[Håkan Lans]]. Swedish 20th century culture is noted by pioneering works in the éarly days of [[Film|cinema]], with [[Mauritz Stiller]] and [[Victor Sjöström]]. In the 1920s–1980s, the filmmakers [[Ingmar Bergman]] and [[Bo Widerberg]] received [[Academy Awards]], and actresses [[Greta Garbo]], [[Ingrid Bergman]], [[Ann-Margret]], [[Lena Olin]], [[Zarah Leander]], and [[Anita Ekberg]] made careers abroad. The actors [[Max von Sydow]], [[Stellan Skarsgård]], [[Dolph Lundgren]] and [[Peter Stormare]] are also worth mentioning. More recently, the films of [[Lukas Moodysson]] and [[Lasse Hallström]] have received international recognition. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s Sweden was perceived as an international léader in what is now referred to as the "[[sexual revolution]]",{{citation needed}} with gender equality particularly promoted.{{citation needed}} At the present time, the number of single péople is one of the highest in the world. Some Swedish films reflected a liberal view of sexuality, including scenes of love making that caught international attention, and introduced the concept of the "Swedish sin". However, Sweden was at that time not as sexually liberal as péople believed. Sweden has also become, in recent decades, fairly liberal regarding homosexuality, as is reflected in the popular acceptance of films such as ''[[Fucking Åmål]]'' (In English: ''Show Me Love''), and the popular writer [[Jonas Gardell]], among others. In Sweden many gay and lesbian celebrities live openly without causing a stir, much as in many other Western countries. Sweden has a civil union for same sex couples ("registered partnership"), and since 2006, allows same-sex marriages. === Musik === {{further|Musik Swédia}} Swédia beunghar ku tradisi musik, ti mimiti balada kuno abad pertengahan nepikeun ka [[house music]]. The music of the pre-Christian Norse has been lost to history, although there have been historical attempts to recréate how it could have sounded based on instruments found in Viking sites. Instruments used were the [[Lur|lur (a sort of trumpet)]], simple string instruments, wooden flutes and drums. It is possible that the Viking musical legacy lives on in some of the old [[Music of Sweden|Swedish folk music]]. [[Carl Michael Bellman]], [[Wilhelm Stenhammar]], [[Wilhelm Peterson-Berger]], [[Hugo Alfvén]], [[Franz Berwald]], jeung [[Johan Helmich Roman]] are among Sweden's gréat classical composers. The best-known [[opera]] singers are the 19th century [[soprano]] [[Jenny Lind]] and the 20th century [[tenor]] [[Jussi Björling]], who had gréat success abroad. Björling is considered by many to be the epitome of a gréat tenor. Also [[soprano]]s [[Christina Nilsson]], [[Birgit Nilsson]], and [[tenor]] [[Nicolai Gedda]], [[baritone]] [[Håkan Hagegård]] and the contemporary [[mezzo-soprano]] [[Anne-Sofie von Otter]] have become known in the world of opera. [[Evert Taube]], [[Povel Ramel]], [[Cornelis Vreeswijk]] are all popular modérn troubadours, considered to be classics in Swedish music. [[ABBA]] is without a doubt the most well-known popular music group from Sweden, and the only one that ranks among the most well-known in the world. [[ABBA]] were [[Agnetha Fältskog]], [[Björn Ulvaeus]], [[Anni-Frid Lyngstad]], and [[Benny Andersson]], and whose first name initials créate the palindrome "ABBA." With [[ABBA]], Sweden entered into a new era, in which Swedish pop music gained international prominence. Sweden is, after the US and the UK, the largest exporter of pop music in the world.{{fact}}Some of the most successful post-ABBA popular music artists from Sweden are [[Roxette]], [[Ace of Base]], [[Carola Häggkvist]], [[Army of Lovers]], [[Robyn]], [[A*Teens]], [[The Cardigans]], [[Europe (band)|Europe]], [[Alcazar (band)|Alcazar]], [[Play]], and guitarist [[Yngwie J. Malmsteen|Yngwie Malmsteen]]. A number of bands with less emphasis on pop music have come out of the country in recent yéars, including [[Eskobar]], [[Clawfinger]], [[The Sounds]], [[José González]], [[The Hives]], [[Hardcore Superstar]], [[Millencolin]], [[Sahara Hotnights]], [[The Hellacopters]], [[Kent (band)|Kent]], [[The Ark (band)|The Ark]], [[Infinite Mass]], [[Love is All]], [[I'm From Barcelona]], [[The Knife]],[[The Shout Out Louds]], [[Looptroop]], [[Caesars (band)|Caesars]] and [[Stefan Olsdal]] of [[Placebo (band)|Placebo]]. Such has been the success of music abroad that clubs specializing in Swedish music have sprung up in major cities like, Berlin, Barcelona and London where the likes of [http://www.myspace.com/tacktacktack Tack!Tack!Tack!] the Monthly Swedish Music club is produced. In underground circles, Sweden is known for a large number of [[heavy metal]] (mostly [[death metal]] and [[melodic death metal]]), as well as [[progressive music|Progressive]] bands. Prominent metal acts include [[Bathory (band)|Bathory]], [[Dark Tranquillity]], [[Opeth]], [[Hypocrisy (band)|Hypocrisy]], [[In Flames]], [[Meshuggah]], [[The Haunted]], [[At the Gates]], [[Soilwork]], [[Scar Symmetry]], [[Evergrey]], [[Ravaged]], [[Katatonia]], [[Pain of Salvation]], [[Hammerfall]], [[Therion (band)|Therion]], [[Arch Enemy (band)|Arch Enemy]], [[Blindside]], [[Jerusalem]], [[Unleashed (band)|Unleashed]], [[Amon Amarth (band)|Amon Amarth]], [[Vintersorg]], [[Entombed (band)|Entombed]], [[Lost Horizon]], [[Tiamat (band)|Tiamat]], [[Nocturnal Rites]] and [[Deathstars]]. Successful progressive/psychedelic acts are for example Bo Hansson, Dungen, Anekdoten, Morte Macabre, Paatos, Trettioåriga Kriget and Mecki Mark Men In the [[Synth (culture)|synth world]], the band [[S.P.O.C.K]] is still active after 18 yéars. Sweden is also responsible for the Swechno scene, offering a distinct house and techno sound, of which artists like [[Adam Beyer]] is famous. More recently, the so-called Swedish House Mafia including [[Steve Angello]], Sebastian Ingrosso, [[Axwell]], and [[Eric Prydz]] have topped the house music charts and DJ top 10s around the world. Also worth mentioning are [[Joakim Thåström]] and his punk band [[Ebba Grön]]. Sweden is also home to several influential [[Emo (music)|emo]] and [[hardcore punk]] bands, such as [[Fireside (band)|Fireside]], [[The Last Days Of April]], [[Kelly 8]] and landmark post-hardcore band [[Refused]]. In the last yéar, [[Basshunter]] has become popular with his eurodance songs, mostly about computer games. Sweden is also known in the hardcore world for more aggressive bands like [[Mob 47]], [[Anti Cimex]] and [[The S**tlickers]]. In the world of [[jazz]], [[Monica Zetterlund]] achieved international renown, both as a singer and as an actress. Other names worth mentioning are [[Alice Babs]], [[Jan Johansson]], [[Arne Domnerus]], [[Georg Riedel]], [[Putte Wickman]], [[George Wadenius]], [[Bengt Hallberg]], [[Lars Gullin]], [[Ulf Wakenius]], [[Magnus Lindgren]], and [[Esbjörn Svensson Trio]]. Some groups and artists who are not as well-known internationally but are recognized in Sweden include [[Peter Jöback]], [[Lill-Babs|Lill-Babs Svensson]], [[Ted Gärdestad]], [[Gyllene Tider]], [[Helen Sjöholm]], and [[Patrik Isaksson]]. Sweden also has a significant [[Music of Sweden|folk-music]] scene, both in the traditional style as well as more modérn interpretations which often mix in elements of rock and jazz. [[Väsen]] is more of a traditionalist group, using a unique traditional Swedish instrument called the [[:en:nyckelharpa|nyckelharpa]] while [[Garmarna]], [[Nordman]], and [[Hedningarna]] have more modérn elements. [[Lena Willemark]] is a popular folk musician. There is also [[Saami]] music, called the [[joik]], which is actually a type of chant which is part of the traditional Saami animistic spirituality but has gained recognition in the international world of folk music as well. [[ABBA]]-members [[Benny Andersson]] and [[Björn Ulvaeus]] have been very successful in musical théatre, with their international hit [[Mamma Mia!]], as well as [[Chess (musical)|Chess]], and [[Kristina från Duvemåla]], which was a huge success in Sweden. An English version is expected to hit Broadway in 2007. === Média === {{details|Média di Swédia}} Swedes are among the gréatest consumers of [[newspaper]]s in the world, and néarly every town is served by a local paper. The country's main quality morning papers are [[Dagens Nyheter]] (liberal), [[Göteborgs-Posten]] (liberal), [[Svenska Dagbladet]] (conservative) and [[Sydsvenska Dagbladet]] (liberal). The two largest evening [[tabloid]]s are [[Aftonbladet]] (social democratic) and [[Expressen]] (centrist). The ad-financed, free international morning paper, [[Metro International]], was originally founded in Stockholm, Sweden. The country's news is reported in English by, among others, [[The Local]] (liberal). For many yéars Swedish [[television]] consisted solely of the two channels broadcast by the public service company [[Sveriges Television]], which, as in most other Européan countries, is financed through a [[TV license|radio and TV license]]. In 1987 the first commercial Scandinavian channel, [[TV3 (Viasat)|TV3]], started transmitting from London, and today there are five free broadcast channels in the [[Terrestrial television|terrestrial network]], which is currently switching from [[Analog television|analogue]] to [[Digital terrestrial television|digital]], However, most Swedes have access to numerous other free or pay channels through [[cable TV|cable]] or [[satellite TV]]. === Poé peré === {{details|Poé peré di Swédia}} [[Gambar:Midsommardans av Anders Zorn 1897.jpg|thumb|none|200px|right|Midsummer's Eve, lukisan [[Anders Zorn]].]] Apart from traditional Protestant [[Liturgical year|Christian holidays]], Sweden also celebrates some unique holidays, some of a pre-Christian tradition. They include [[Midsummer]], celebrating the summer [[solstice]]; [[Walpurgis Night]] on [[30 April]] lighting bonfires; [[Labour Day]] on [[May 1]] is dedicated to socialist demonstrations; and [[13 Désémber]], the day of [[Saint Lucy|Saint Lucia]] the lightgiver. [[6 Juni]] is [[National holiday of Sweden|National Day of Sweden]] and as of 2005 a public holiday. Furthermore, there are [[Flag days in Sweden|official flag day]] observances and a [[Namesdays in Sweden]] calendar. In August many Swedes have kräftskivor (crayfish dinner parties). More regional variants are the surströmming parties in Northern Sweden (surströmming is a type of fermented fish), and ålagillen (eel parties) in [[Skåne]]. The [[Sami people|Sami]], one of Sweden's indigenous minorities, have their holiday on [[6 Pébruari]]. === Kadaharan === {{utama|Kadaharan urang Swédia}} Swedish cuisine, like that of the other [[Skandinavia]]n countries ([[Cuisine of Denmark|Denmark]] and [[Cuisine of Norway|Norway]]), is traditionally simple. [[Lauk]], [[daging]] jeung [[kentang]] mangrupa kadaharan utama. Spices are sparse. Famous dishes include Swedish méatballs (köttbullar — traditionally served with gravy, boiled potatoes and [[lingonberry jam]]), plättar (Swedish pancakes, served with jam), [[lutefisk|lutfisk]], the smörgås (open-faced sandwich), and the famous '[[Smörgåsbord]]' or lavish buffet. Aquavit, or akvavit, is a popular celebratory alcoholic drink made with potatoes and herbs such as caraway seeds. == Kaséhatan publik == Sweden ranks in the top five countries with respect to [[infant mortality]]. It also ranks high in life expectancy and in safe [[drinking water]]. Héalthcare in Sweden is viewed as very developed. The [[Lund University|university hospital]] of [[Lund]], the [[Karolinska University Hospital]] in [[Solna]], and the [[Sahlgrenska university hospital]] in [[Gothenburg]] are examples of world-class hospitals in Sweden. == Olahraga == {{utama|Olahraga di Swédia}} Sport activities are a national movement with half of the population actively participating, much thanks to the héavy government subsidies of sport associations ("föreningsstöd"). The two main spectator sports are [[football (soccer)]] and [[ice hockey]]. Some notable Swedish football stars include [[Fredrik Ljungberg]], [[Henrik Larsson]], [[Olof Mellberg]] and [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]]. Swedish hockey players have often been regarded as some of the best in their sport. Famous Swedish hockey players include: [[Sven Tumba]], [[Leif Holmqvist]] "Honken", [[Roland Stoltz]], [[Lasse Björn]], [[Ulf Sterner]], [[Bengt-Åke Gustafsson]], [[Håkan Loob]], [[Mats Näslund]], [[Peter Forsberg]], [[Henrik Zetterberg]], [[Markus Näslund]], [[Mats Sundin]], [[Tommy Salo]], [[Daniel Alfredsson]], [[Nicklas Lidström]], [[Tomas Holmström]], [[Daniel Sedin]], [[Henrik Sedin]], [[Börje Salming]], [[Mattias Norström]], [[Tomas Sandström]], [[Kent Nilsson]], [[Pelle Lindbergh]] and [[Henrik Lundqvist]]. Second to football, [[Horse#Horses in sport today|horse sports]] have the highest number of practitioners, mostly women. Theréafter follow [[golf]], [[Athletics (track and field)|athletics]], and the [[team sport]]s of [[handball]], [[floorball]], [[basketball]] and [[bandy]]. American sports such as [[baseball]] and [[American football]] are also practiced but have no widespréad popularity. Successful [[tennis]] players include former world No. 1's [[Björn Borg]], [[Mats Wilander]] and [[Stefan Edberg]]; in [[skiing]] sports, [[Pernilla Wiberg]] and [[Anja Pärson]] have all had dominating periods in [[alpine skiing]], as have [[Sixten Jernberg]], [[Gunde Svan]], [[Torgny Mogren]], [[Per Elofsson]] and [[Thomas Wassberg]] in [[cross country skiing|cross country]] skiing. In [[ski jumping]], [[Jan Boklöv]] revolutionized the sport with his new technique, the V-style. A number of Swedes have been internationally successful in [[Athletics (track and field)|athletics]]. In the 1940s runner [[Gunder Hägg]] dominated [[Middle distance track event|middle distance]]. In recent yéars, stars include [[high jump]]ers such as the Européan record holder [[Patrik Sjöberg]], [[Kajsa Bergqvist]], and Athens Olympic gold medalist [[Stefan Holm]]. Two other Swedish athletes won gold medals in the [[2004 Olympic Games]]: [[heptathlon|heptathlete]] [[Carolina Klüft]] and [[triple jump]]er [[Christian Olsson]]. Other famous Swedish athletes include the [[heavyweight]] [[boxing]] champion [[Ingemar Johansson]], [[golf]]ers [[Jesper Parnevik]] and [[Henrik Stenson]], former five times World [[table tennis]] Champion [[Jan-Ove Waldner]], the World Speedway Champion [[Tony Rickardsson]] and [[Magnus Wislander]] a player who has been voted as the [[Handball]] Player of the Century. Professional [[Skateboarding|skateboarders]] include [[Pontus Alv]], [[Matthias Ringström]], and Tony Magnuson. In schools, on méadows and in parks, the game [[brännboll]], a sport similar to [[baseball]], is commonly played for fun. Other leisure sports are the historical game of [[kubb]] and [[boules]] among the older generation. Sweden hosted the [[1912 Summer Olympics]] and the [[FIFA World Cup]] in [[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]]. Other big sports events held here include [[1992 UEFA European Football Championship]], [[FIFA Women's World Cup 1995]], and several championships of [[ice hockey]], [[Athletics (track and field)|athletics]], [[skiing]] and [[bandy]]. == Réngking internasional == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051214113825/http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/swe-summary-eng Sweden Summary] Amnesty Report 2005 * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sw.html CIA World Factbook - GDP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519210928/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sw.html |date=2020-05-19 }} - [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]] per capita ** 2005: 19th of 232 countries [http://www.imf.org] * [[Save the Children]]: [http://www.savethechildren.org/mothers/report_2004/images/pdf/SOWM_2004_final.pdf State of the World's Mothers (2004) Report] ([[PDF]] file) ** Mothers' index rank: 1st of 119 countries ** Women's index rank: 1st of 119 countries ** Children's index rank: 10th of 119 countries ** [[Infant mortality rate]]: 2nd lowest ** % séats in the national government held by women: 50% (highest) * [[UN]] [[Human Development Index]] (2006) ** 5th of 177 countries * [[World Economic Forum]] Global Competitiveness Report [http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/Global%20Competitiveness%20Report/index.htm] (2006-2007) ** 3rd <!-- 5.72 --> of 125 countries * [[Reporters Without Borders]] world-wide press freedom index 2006: ** 8th of 168 countries * [[The Economist]] Intelligence Unit's [http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/DEMOCRACY_TABLE_2007_v3.pdf democracy index 2006] ([[PDF]] file): ** 1st of 167 countries * [[The Economist]] Intelligence Unit's [http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf worldwide quality-of-life index 2005] ([[PDF]] file): ** 5th of 111 countries * [http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/eco_eco_imp Nation Master] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060530085218/http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/eco_eco_imp |date=2006-05-30 }}'s list by economic importance: ** 19th of 25 countries * [http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/eco_tec_ach Nation Master] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011083820/http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/eco_tec_ach |date=2007-10-11 }}'s list by technological achievement: ** 4th of 68 countries == Tempo ogé == {{wikiatlas|Swédia}} * [[Right of public access to the wilderness|Allemansrätten]] (Right of public access to the wilderness) * [[Komunikasi di Swédia]] * [[Suku bangsa di Swédia]] * [[Perwakilan pamaréntahan di Swédia]] * [[Daptar jejer nu patali jeung Swédia]] * [[Angkatan Bersenjata Swédia]] ** [[Daptar résimén Swédia]] * [[NGO di Swédia]] ** [[Perangko jeung sajarah pos Swédia]] * [[Wisata di Swédia]] == Catetan == <!-- ---------------------------------------------------------- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the<ref>, </ref> and <reference /> tags ----------------------------------------------------------- --> {{Reflist}} == Rujukan == * [http://www.datesofhistory.com/Sweden.index.html World History Database - Sweden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101104339/http://www.datesofhistory.com/Sweden.index.html |date=2009-01-01 }} * [[CIA World Factbook]] - [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sw.html Sweden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519210928/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sw.html |date=2020-05-19 }} * [[United States Department of State]] - [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2880.htm Sweden] == Tumbu luar == * {{wikivoyage|Swédia}} * [http://www.sprakradet.se/andrasprak/english.htm Swedish Language Council]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.visitsweden.com/ VisitSweden.com] - Official travel and tourism website for Sweden * [http://www.sweden.se/ SWEDEN.SE] - The Official Gateway to Sweden * [http://www.thelocal.se/ The Local] - Sweden's news in English, commercial * [http://www.radiosweden.org/ Radio Sweden (in English)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511191705/http://www.radiosweden.org/ |date=2008-05-11 }} - Public service * [http://www.sweden.gov.se/ The Swedish Government] - Official site * [http://www.studyinsweden.se/ Study in Sweden] - Official guide to studying in Sweden * [http://www.scb.se/ Statistiska Centralbyrån] - Swedish Central Buréau of Statistics (governmental) * [http://www.trettontrettisju.se/ Trettontrettisju] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329024727/http://www.trettontrettisju.se/ |date=2007-03-29 }} - Official leetwebsite {{Sweden_ties}} {{Europe}} {{Baltic}} {{EU members}} {{Nordic Council|Nordic countries}} {{Monarchies}} {{Germanic Europe}} [[Kategori:Swédia| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara anggota Uni Éropa]] [[Kategori:Karajaan konstitusional]] [[Kategori:Nagara palaut]] ksdz844drag3f2fyhcesyoqiu9vjj9c Parahyangan 0 19943 729250 705336 2026-09-26T19:53:26Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729250 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Parahyangan region map.png|jmpl|300x300px|Peta wilayah Parahyangan ayeuna]] [[Gambar:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Thee-tuin_Preanger_TMnr_10012073.jpg|ka|jmpl|300x300px| Kebon entéh di dataran luhur Preanger dina 1923 ]] '''Parahiyangan''' atawa '''Parahyangan''' atawa '''Parahiangan''' atawa ogé '''Preanger''' ([[aksara Sunda Baku]]: {{Sund|ᮕᮛᮠᮡᮍᮔ᮪}}) mangrupa tatar sunda, wilayah budaya jeung pagunungan di Propinsi [[Jawa Kulon]] di [[Pulo Jawa]] di [[Indonésia]]. Wewengkon ieu kira-kira kurang ti 1/6 (sapergenap) na Jawa. ''Parahyangan'' diwates lebah kulonna ku propinsi [[Banten]], di lebah kalér ku wewengkon basisir kalér [[Kabupatén Subang|Subang]], [[Kota Cirebon|Cirebon]] jeung [[Indramayu, Indramayu|Indramayu]] (urut ''residensi'' ti Batavia sarta Cheribon), di tatar wétan ku propinsi [[Jawa Tengah]] (urut ''residensi'' Banjarsari na Pekalongan), di kidul ku [[Samudra Hindia]]. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Island of Java|last=Stockdale|first=John J.|date=2011|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=9781462902156|location=London}}</ref> Wewengkon ''Parahiangan Tengah'' (Central Parahiangan) ngawengku kabupatén ([[Daptar kabupatén jeung kota di Indonésia|kabupatén]]) diantarana: * [[Kabupatén Bandung|Bandung]] * [[Kabupatén Bandung Kulon|Bandung Kulon ''(Bandung wetan)'']] * [[Kabupatén Subang|Subang]] (tatar kidul) * [[Kabupatén Garut|Garut]] (tatar kalér) * [[Kabupatén Purwakarta]] * [[Kabupatén Sumedang|Sumedang]] ngahiji jeung [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]] sarta [[Kota Cimahi|Cimahi]], sacara geografi ti kabupatén ieu najan sacara administratif beda. Lian ti Parahyangan, aya ogé tatar nukatelah ''Parahiangan wétan'' (Eastern Parahiangan) nu ngawengku kabupatén di antarana: * [[Kabupatén Ciamis|Ciamis]] * [[Kabupatén Tasikmalaya|Tasikmalaya]] * [[Kabupatén Garut|Garut]] (tatar kidul) * [[Kabupatén Kuningan|Kuningan]] * [[Kabupatén Majalengka|Majalengka]] * [[Kabupatén Pangandaran|Pangandaran]] kaasup [[Kota Tasikmalaya|Tasikmalaya]] sarta [[Kota Banjar|Banjar]], anu sarua mangrupa sacara geografi dina kabupatén ieu najan sacara ''administratif'' beda. di tatar kulon, wewengkon katelah ''Parahiangan Barat'' (Parahiangan kulon) nyertakeun: * [[Kabupatén Cianjur]] * [[Kabupatén Sukabumi]] jeung Kota di [[Kota Sukabumi|Sukabumi]] Wewengkon Parahiangan Kulon sok aya kalana disebutkeun salaku ''Bogor Raya'' (Greater Bogor) lamun dihijikeun jeung [[Kabupatén Bogor]] jeung Kota di [[Kota Bogor|Bogor]] . == Étimologi == Ngaran "Parahiyangan" anu asalna tina basa [[Basa Sunda|Sunda]] kecap para jeung hiyang nu hartina "tempat cicing na hiyang/hyang (ilah)" cohagna sawarga. Parahyangan mangrupa wilayah pagunungan, sarta Indonésia dipercaya yén dewa cicing dina luhur gunung. Eta ''"dewa"'' nyaéta anu nyicingan pulo jawa , saperti [[Dataran luhur Diéng|Dieng Plateau]] di pusat, atawa Hyang Plateau di wétan. Hiji lagenda disunda nyaéta [[Sangkuriang]] ngandung harti tina situ prasejarah di Citarum Bandung ti dataran luhur, nu nunjukkeun yén urang Sunda geus nyicingan wewengkon saprak umur batu éta. Paribasa Sunda sejen populér sarta légenda disebutkeun ngeunaan kreasi Parahyangan dataran luhur, anu jantungna dunia téh ti Sunda; "Nalika dina hyangs (dewa) anu mesem, tanah Parahyangan dijieun". Légenda ieu ngusulkeun ka Parahyangan dataran luhur salaku paulinan atawa cicingna sahiji dewa, kitu ogé kaéndahan alam na. Karéta porsi [[Jakarta]] - [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]] disebut [[karéta api Parahyangan]]. Dinten éta dihijikeun jeung randegan Gede jadi randegan Parahyangan. == Sajarah == Wewengkon Parahiangan geus imah manusa mimiti saprak jaman prasejarah, sahenteuna saprak 9.500 taun saméméh hadir.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://daérah.sindonews.com/read/840201/21/tulang-jari-di-goa-pawon-berumur-9-500-tahun-lebih-1393608090|title=Tulang jari di Goa Pawon berumur 9.500 tahun lebih|last=Oris Riswan|date=1 March 2014|work=Sindo News|language=Indonesian}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aya geus sababaraha papanggihan arkéologis prasejarah di padumukan manusa mimiti, dina Pawon guha di wewengkon Padalarang , Bandung wetan, sarta kira-kira danau heubeul Bandung.<ref name="brief">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~fujimori/lsai/bandung.html|title=An Extremely Brief Urban History of Bandung|publisher=Institute of Indonesian Architectural Historian|accessdate=2006-08-20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brahmantyo|first=B.|last2=Yulianto, E.|last3=Sudjatmiko|year=2001|title=On the geomorphological development of Pawon Cave, west of Bandung, and the evidence finding of prehistoric dwelling cave|url=http://www.geocities.com/ekoy001/PawonJTM-web.htm|dead-url=unfit|journal=JTM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408111619/http://www.geocities.com/ekoy001/PawonJTM-web.htm|archive-date=2008-04-08|access-date=2008-08-21}}</ref> Candi Bojongmenje kapanggih di wewengkon [[Rancaékék, Bandung|Rancaékék]], [[Kabupatén Bandung|Kabupatén Bandung]], wétaneun kota Bandung. Candi diperkirakeun jadi tanggal ti mimiti abad ka-7 CE, sabudeureun période sarua - atawa beda sama sakali malah baheula, ti Dieng candi Jawa Tengah. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://candi.perpusnas.go.id/temples/deskripsi-jawa_barat-candi_bojongmenje|title=Candi Bojongmenje|website=Perpustakaan Nasional Indonesia|language=Indonesian}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508131941/http://candi.perpusnas.go.id/temples/deskripsi-jawa_barat-candi_bojongmenje |date=2017-05-08 }}</ref> Mangrupa sajarah pangkolotna ditulis pikeun wewengkon Parahiangan balik deui ka circa abad 14 ieu kapanggih dina Cikapundung prasasti, di mana wewengkon éta salah sahiji pakampungan dina [[Karajaan Sunda|Karajaan Pajajaran]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.voaindonesia.com/a/prasati-bertuliskan-sunda-kuno-ditemukan-di-cikapundung-104635514/84657.html|title=Prasasti Bertuliskan Huruf Sunda Kuno Ditemukan di Bandung|last=R.Teja Wulan|date=9 October 2010|work=VOA Indonesia|language=Indonesian}}</ref> Parahyangan mangrupa bagian tina urut [[Karajaan Sunda]]. Wewengkon pagunungan darat nyaéta Parahyangan ieu dianggap salaku tempat suci di [[Agama Sunda Wiwitan|Sunda Wiwitan]] aqidah. K''abuyutan'' atawa ''mandala'' (sanctuary suci) tina Jayagiri ieu disebutkeun dina naskah Sunda buhun jeung ayana tempat di dataran luhur Parahyangan, meureun kalér Bandung di lamping nyaéta [[Gunung Tangkuban Parahu]] . Saatos tumiba Karajaan Sunda dina abad ka-16, Parahiangan ieu di administrasikeun jeung bangsawan nyaéta Cianjur, Sumedang jeung Ciamis. Maranéhanana pangéran ngaku salaku pewaris tur katurunan raja Sunda raja nasab, [[Prabu Siliwangi]]. Sanajan éta kakuatan dominan di waktu anu digelar ku [[Kasultanan Banten|Banten]] jeung [[Kasultanan Cirebon|Cirebon]] Sultanates, anu aristocrats Sunda tina dataran luhur Parahyangan ngarasakeun kabebasan nu rada internal jeung mandiri. Dina 1617, Sultan Agung di Mataram dibuka kampanye militer sakuliah jawa jeung nyepeng Kasultanan Cirebon. Dina 1618 pasukan Mataram ngawasa Ciamis sarta Sumedang sarta maréntah paling wewengkon Parahyangan. Kasultanan Mataram ieu aub dina kontes kakuatan jeung [[Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie|Walanda East India Company]] (VOC) dipuseurkeun di [[Jakarta|Batavia]]. Engké Mataram ieu laun ngaruksak ngaliwatan pajuangan hasil pangéran Jawa sarta implomentasi Walanda dina internal Mataram pangadilan salingkuhan. Pikeun ngamankeun posisi maranéhanana, engké raja Mataram geus dijieun rancana kalawan VOC sarta geus dibikeun nepi seueur lemahna na nu tadina kaala ku Sultan Agung, éta kaasup Parahiangan. Ku sabab mimiti abad ka-18 Parahiangan éta dina kakawasaan Walanda. Salila waktu kolonial Walanda, wewengkon ieu kawanoh salaku ''De Preanger.'' Ibukota Preanger mimitina lokasina di Tjiandjoer (Cianjur), sarta engké dipindahkeun ka [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]] anu laun dimekarkeun jadi hiji pakampungan penting. Ku abad ka-19 Kolonial Walanda geus ngadegkeun na nyepeng leuwih paling Jawa. Tur ngaliwatan pangwangunan [[Herman Willem Daendels|Daendels]] 'jawa ngawangun jalan gedé nu disambungkeun aréa perkebunan Preanger jeung di sambungkeun ka batavia sarta réa patempatan lianna Jawa, Preanger éta kabuka pikeun investasi, eksploitasi sarta bisnis. Preanger éta hiji aréa perkebunan penting jeung produktif dina mangsa [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walanda]] jaman anu ngahasilkeun [[kopi]], [[Entéh|téh]], kina na loba pepelakan tunai anu loba nu boga perkebunan Walanda jegud. Kawentar kopi Java diwanohkeun di sakuliah dunya ku Walanda éta sabenerna kopi dipelak di wewengkon Parahyangan. Dina awal abad 20, Bandung tumuwuh kana hiji pakampungan penting sarta kota jeung-rancanana. Pra-perang Bandung ieu dirancang salaku ibukota anyar Hindia Walanda, sanajan kitu [[Perang Dunya II]] dibawa rancana ieu mungkas. Sanggeus Indonesia merdeka Indonésia, Parahyangan dianggap minangka nami sajarah romantis keur wilayah pagunungan Jabar sabudeureun Bandung. * [[Pakuan Pajajaran|Pajajaran]] * ''[[Carita Parahiyangan|Carita Parahyangan]]'', a [[Basa Sunda|Sunda]] téks dina [[Karajaan Galuh|Galuh]] jeung karajaan lianna Sunda == Bacaeun == * F. De Haan, 1910, Parahiangan: de Preanger-Regentschappen Onder sarakah Nederlandsch bestuur tot 1811, Batavia * A. Sabana Harjasaputra 2004, ''Bupati di Parahiangan : Kadudukan dan peranannya pada abad Ke-17 - abad Ke-19,'' Bandung * Parahiangan dan kajian lainnya mengenai budaya ''Sunda, Bandung'' * Ajip Rosidi dkk., 2000, ''Ensiklopedi Sunda,'' Jakarta == Rujukan == <references responsive=""></references> [[Kategori:Hindia-Walanda]] [[Kategori:Sajarah Sunda]] [[Kategori:Artikel Peserta WSSA]] [[Kategori:Jawa Kulon]] 4ef5x9brqudbyorwgzghuses2atmphx Citakan:Country showdata 10 20363 729292 712971 2026-09-26T23:17:28Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729292 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>__NOEDITSECTION__ {{dokumentasi|content=<code>Citakan:{{PAGENAME}}</code> nyaéta hiji wadah data internal anu teu dimaksudkeun pikeun ditransklusikeun sacara langsung. Citakan ieu dipaké sacara teu langsung ku citakan-citakan sapertos <code>[[Citakan:flag|flag]]</code>, <code>[[Citakan:flagicon|flagicon]]</code>, jeung lain-lain. {{ombox|text=Templat ini berada dalam lingkup '''[[Wikipedia:ProyekWiki bendera dan lambang negara di dunia|ProyekWiki Templat Bendera]]'''. Diskusi lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan di sana.}} {{ombox|text=Citakan-citakan country data [[Daptar nagara berdaulat|negara berdaulat]] ditangtayungan sacara pinuh pikeun nyegah vandalisme; ngan kuncén hungkul anu bisa ngédit. Pikeun ngalakukeun parobahan, tambihan {{tl|editprotect}} di bagian anyar [[Obrolan citakan:{{PAGENAME}}]], atawa nganjang ka [[Wikipedia:Pamundut perhatosan kuncén#Pangéditan kaca anu ditangtayungan]].}} [[Gambar:{{{flag alias|Flag of None.svg}}}|thumb|{{#ifexist: Bandéra {{{alias}}} | Tempo ogé: [[Bandéra {{{alias}}}]] | }}]] === Paraméter standar === <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Ngaran paraméter</th><th>Nilai</th><th>Harti</th> </tr><tr> <td><code>alias</code></td> <td>{{#if: {{{alias|}}} | <code>{{{alias}}}</code> | <span style="color:red">'''teu ditangtukeun!'''</span> }} <td>Ngaran artikel utama ([[{{{alias}}}]])</td> </tr> {{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | <tr> <td><code>shortname alias</code></td> <td><code>{{{shortname alias}}}</code></td> <td>''(opsional)'' ngaran pondok, singkatan, ngaran séjén (misalna Républik Irlandia->Irlandia)</td> </tr> }} <tr> <td><code>flag alias</code></td> <td>{{#if: {{{flag alias|}}} | <code>{{{flag alias}}}</code> | <span style="color:red">'''tidak ditentukan!'''</span> }}</td> <td>Ngaran berkas ([[:Gambar:{{{flag alias}}}]], tampilan katuhu luhur)</td> </table> {{#if: {{{var1|{{{flag alias-naval|}}}}}} | === Varian bandéra === {{#ifexist: {{{alt attribute}}} | {{details|{{{alt attribute}}}}} | {{#ifexist: Bandéra {{{alias}}} | {{details|Bandéra {{{alias}}}}} | }} }} <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Labél</th><th>Berkas bandéra (40px)</th><th>Ngaran berkas</th></tr> {{#if: {{{var1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var1}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var1}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var2}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var2}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var3}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var3}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var4}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var4}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var5}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var5}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var6|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var6}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var6}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var7|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var7}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var7}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var8|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var8}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var8}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var9|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var9}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var9}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var10|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var10}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var10}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var10}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var10}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var11|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var11}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var11}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var12|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var12}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var12}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var13|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var13}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var13}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var14|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var14}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var14}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var15|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var15}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var15}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var16|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var16}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var16}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var17|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var17}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var17}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var18|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var18}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var18}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var19|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var19}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var19}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var20|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var20}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var20}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var21|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var21}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var21}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var21}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var21}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var22|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var22}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var22}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var22}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var22}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var23|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var23}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var23}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var23}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var23}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var24|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var24}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var24}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var24}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var24}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var25|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var25}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var25}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var25}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var25}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var26|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var26}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var26}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var26}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var26}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var27|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var27}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var27}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var27}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var27}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var28|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var28}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var28}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var28}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var28}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var29|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var29}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var29}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var29}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var29}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var30|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var30}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var30}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var30}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var30}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var31|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var31}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var31}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var31}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var31}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var32|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var32}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var32}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var32}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var32}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var33|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var33}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var33}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var33}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var33}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var34|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var34}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var34}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var34}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var34}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var35|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var35}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var35}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var35}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var35}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var36|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var36}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var36}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var36}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var36}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var37|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var37}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var37}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var37}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var37}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var38|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var38}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var38}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var38}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var38}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var39|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var39}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var39}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var39}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var39}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var40|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var40}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var40}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var40}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var40}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | <tr><td><code>naval</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-naval}}}|40px|{{{border-naval|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-naval}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-marines|}}} | <tr><td><code>marines</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-marines}}}|40px|{{{border-marines|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-marines}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-military|}}} | <tr><td><code>military</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-military}}}|40px|{{{border-military|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-military}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-coast guard|}}} | <tr><td><code>coast guard</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-coast guard}}}|40px|{{{border-coast guard|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-coast guard}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-navy|}}} | <tr><td><code>navy</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-navy}}}|40px|{{{border-navy|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-navy}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | <tr><td><code>air force</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-air force}}}|40px|{{{border-air force|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-air force}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-space force|}}} | <tr><td><code>space force</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-space force}}}|40px|{{{border-space force|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-space force}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-army|}}} | <tr><td><code>army</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-army}}}|40px|{{{border-army|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-army}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- --></table> }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}}{{{link alias-naval|}}}{{{flag alias-air force|}}}{{{flag alias-army|}}} | === Lambang militér === {{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan laut anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan laut}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan laut|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan laut|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|naval}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|naval}} }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan udara anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan udara}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan udara|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan udara|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|air force}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|air force}} }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-army|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan darat anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan darat}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan darat|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan darat|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|army}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|army}} }} }} {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | === Alias alihan === Citakan ieu ogé tiasa dianggo dina salah sahiji alias alihan ieu: <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Ngaran alias</th><th>Hasil dengan {{tlx|flag|''alias''}}</th><th>Hasil dengan {{tlx|flagcountry|''alias''}}</th></tr> {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir1}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir1}}}|redirect=no}} lihat]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir1}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir2}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir2}}}|redirect=no}} lihat]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir2}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir2}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir3}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir3}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir3}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir3}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir4}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir4}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir4}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir4}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir5}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir5}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir5}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir5}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir6|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir6}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir6}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir6}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir6}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir7|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir7}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir7}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir7}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir7}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir8|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir8}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir8}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir8}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir8}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir9|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir9}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir9}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir9}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir9}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir10|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir10}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir10}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir10}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir10}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- --></table> }} === Conto pamakéan === *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | *<code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{var1|}}} | ==== Ngagunakeun varian bandéra ==== *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{var1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{var1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | ==== Ngagunakeun alias alihan ==== *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{redir1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{redir1}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{related1|}}} | === Citakan nu patali === Tempo ogé citakan <code>country_data</code> lain nu patali di handap ieu: {{{!}} {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related1}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related1}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related1param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related1param}}}}} -->}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related2|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related2}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related2}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related2param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related2param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related3|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related3}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related3}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related3param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related3param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related4|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related4}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related4}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related4param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related4param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related5|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related5}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related5}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related5param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related5param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related6|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related6}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related6}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related6param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related6param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related7|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related7}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related7}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related7param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related7param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related8|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related8}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related8}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related8param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related8param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related9|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related9}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related9}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related9param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related9param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related10|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related10}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related10}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related10param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related10param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related11|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related11}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related11}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related11param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related11param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related12|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related12}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related12}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related12param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related12param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related13|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related13}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related13}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related13param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related13param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related14|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related14}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related14}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related14param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related14param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related15|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related15}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related15}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related15param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related15param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related16|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related16}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related16}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related16param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related16param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related17|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related17}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related17}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related17param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related17param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related18|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related18}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related18}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related18param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related18param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related19|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related19}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related19}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related19param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related19param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related20|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related20}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related20}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related20param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related20param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related21|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related21}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related21}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related21param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related21param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related22|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related22}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related22}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related22param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related22param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related23|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related23}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related23}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related23param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related23param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related24|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related24}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related24}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related24param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related24param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related25|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related25}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related25}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related25param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related25param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related26|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related26}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related26}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related26param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related26param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related27|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related27}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related27}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related27param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related27param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related28|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related28}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related28}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related28param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related28param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related29|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related29}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related29}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related29param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related29param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related30|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related30}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related30}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related30param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related30param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related31|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related31}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related31}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related31param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related31param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related32|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related32}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related32}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related32param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related32param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related33|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related33}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related33}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related33param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related33param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related34|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related34}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related34}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related34param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related34param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related35|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related35}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related35}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related35param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related35param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related36|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related36}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related36}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related36param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related36param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related37|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related37}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related37}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related37param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related37param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related38|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related38}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related38}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related38param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related38param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related39|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related39}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related39}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related39param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related39param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related1|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!}}} }} {{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc | === Informasi séjén === {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} }} |link box=Ieu mangrupakeun dokuméntasi pikeun '''Citakan:{{PAGENAME}}''' anu ditampilkeun sacara otomatis ku [[Citakan:Country showdata]].<br/>Mangga {{purge|pupus sindangan ieu}} upami anjeun ngajieun parobahan kana citakan ieu. }} [[Kategori:Citakan data {{{kategori|{{{kat|negara}}}}}}|{{{alias}}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> Citakan ieu dipaké pikeun ngadokumentasikeun [[Husus:IndeksAwalan/Citakan:Country data|citakan country data]]. Tempo [[Citakan:Country data Indonésia]] salaku conto. [[Kategori:Sistem citakan bandéra|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kategori:Citakan rohang ngaran citakan]] </noinclude> 5691x7839w6g69toxmarcgb7ixvb9y5 729299 729292 2026-09-26T23:43:32Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729299 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>__NOEDITSECTION__ {{dokumentasi|content=<code>Citakan:{{PAGENAME}}</code> nyaéta hiji wadah data internal anu teu dimaksudkeun pikeun ditransklusikeun sacara langsung. Citakan ieu dipaké sacara teu langsung ku citakan-citakan sapertos <code>[[Citakan:flag|flag]]</code>, <code>[[Citakan:flagicon|flagicon]]</code>, jeung lain-lain. {{ombox|text=Templat ini berada dalam lingkup '''[[Wikipedia:ProyekWiki bendera dan lambang negara di dunia|ProyekWiki Templat Bendera]]'''. Diskusi lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan di sana.}} {{ombox|text=Citakan-citakan country data [[Daptar nagara berdaulat|negara berdaulat]] ditangtayungan sacara pinuh pikeun nyegah vandalisme; ngan kuncén hungkul anu bisa ngédit. Pikeun ngalakukeun parobahan, tambihan {{tl|editprotect}} di bagian anyar [[Obrolan citakan:{{PAGENAME}}]], atawa nganjang ka [[Wikipedia:Pamundut perhatosan kuncén#Pangéditan kaca anu ditangtayungan]].}} [[Gambar:{{{flag alias|Flag of None.svg}}}|thumb|{{#ifexist: Bandéra {{{alias}}} | Tempo ogé: [[Bandéra {{{alias}}}]] | }}]] === Paraméter standar === <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Ngaran paraméter</th><th>Nilai</th><th>Harti</th> </tr><tr> <td><code>alias</code></td> <td>{{#if: {{{alias|}}} | <code>{{{alias}}}</code> | <span style="color:red">'''teu ditangtukeun!'''</span> }} <td>Ngaran artikel utama ([[{{{alias}}}]])</td> </tr> {{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | <tr> <td><code>shortname alias</code></td> <td><code>{{{shortname alias}}}</code></td> <td>''(opsional)'' ngaran pondok, singkatan, ngaran séjén (misalna Républik Irlandia->Irlandia)</td> </tr> }} <tr> <td><code>flag alias</code></td> <td>{{#if: {{{flag alias|}}} | <code>{{{flag alias}}}</code> | <span style="color:red">'''tidak ditentukan!'''</span> }}</td> <td>Ngaran berkas ([[:Gambar:{{{flag alias}}}]], tampilan katuhu luhur)</td> </table> {{#if: {{{var1|{{{flag alias-naval|}}}}}} | === Varian bandéra === {{#ifexist: {{{alt attribute}}} | {{details|{{{alt attribute}}}}} | {{#ifexist: Bandéra {{{alias}}} | {{details|Bandéra {{{alias}}}}} | }} }} <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Labél</th><th>Berkas bandéra (40px)</th><th>Ngaran berkas</th></tr> {{#if: {{{var1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var1}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var1}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var2}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var2}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var3}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var3}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var4}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var4}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var5}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var5}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var6|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var6}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var6}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var7|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var7}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var7}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var8|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var8}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var8}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var9|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var9}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var9}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var10|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var10}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var10}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var10}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var10}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var11|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var11}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var11}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var12|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var12}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var12}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var13|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var13}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var13}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var14|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var14}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var14}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var15|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var15}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var15}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var16|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var16}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var16}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var17|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var17}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var17}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var18|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var18}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var18}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var19|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var19}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var19}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var20|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var20}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var20}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var21|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var21}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var21}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var21}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var21}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var22|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var22}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var22}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var22}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var22}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var23|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var23}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var23}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var23}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var23}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var24|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var24}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var24}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var24}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var24}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var25|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var25}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var25}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var25}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var25}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var26|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var26}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var26}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var26}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var26}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var27|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var27}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var27}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var27}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var27}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var28|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var28}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var28}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var28}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var28}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var29|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var29}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var29}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var29}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var29}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var30|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var30}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var30}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var30}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var30}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var31|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var31}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var31}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var31}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var31}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var32|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var32}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var32}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var32}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var32}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var33|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var33}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var33}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var33}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var33}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var34|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var34}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var34}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var34}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var34}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var35|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var35}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var35}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var35}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var35}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var36|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var36}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var36}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var36}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var36}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var37|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var37}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var37}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var37}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var37}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var38|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var38}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var38}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var38}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var38}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var39|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var39}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var39}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var39}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var39}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var40|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var40}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var40}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var40}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var40}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | <tr><td><code>naval</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-naval}}}|40px|{{{border-naval|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-naval}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-marines|}}} | <tr><td><code>marines</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-marines}}}|40px|{{{border-marines|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-marines}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-military|}}} | <tr><td><code>military</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-military}}}|40px|{{{border-military|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-military}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-coast guard|}}} | <tr><td><code>coast guard</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-coast guard}}}|40px|{{{border-coast guard|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-coast guard}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-navy|}}} | <tr><td><code>navy</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-navy}}}|40px|{{{border-navy|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-navy}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | <tr><td><code>air force</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-air force}}}|40px|{{{border-air force|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-air force}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-space force|}}} | <tr><td><code>space force</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-space force}}}|40px|{{{border-space force|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-space force}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-army|}}} | <tr><td><code>army</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-army}}}|40px|{{{border-army|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-army}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- --></table> }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}}{{{link alias-naval|}}}{{{flag alias-air force|}}}{{{flag alias-army|}}} | === Lambang militér === {{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan laut anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan laut}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan laut|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan laut|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|naval}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|naval}} }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan udara anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan udara}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan udara|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan udara|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|air force}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|air force}} }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-army|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan darat anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan darat}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan darat|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan darat|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|army}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|army}} }} }} {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | === Alias alihan === Citakan ieu ogé tiasa dianggo dina salah sahiji alias alihan ieu: <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Ngaran alias</th><th>Hasil dengan {{tlx|flag|''alias''}}</th><th>Hasil dengan {{tlx|flagcountry|''alias''}}</th></tr> {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir1}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir1}}}|redirect=no}} lihat]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir1}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir2}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir2}}}|redirect=no}} lihat]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir2}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir2}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir3}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir3}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir3}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir3}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir4}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir4}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir4}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir4}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir5}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir5}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir5}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir5}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir6|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir6}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir6}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir6}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir6}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir7|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir7}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir7}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir7}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir7}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir8|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir8}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir8}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir8}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir8}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir9|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir9}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir9}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir9}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir9}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir10|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir10}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir10}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir10}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir10}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- --></table> }} === Conto pamakéan === *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | *<code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{var1|}}} | ==== Ngagunakeun varian bandéra ==== *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{var1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{var1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | ==== Ngagunakeun alias alihan ==== *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{redir1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{redir1}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{related1|}}} | === Citakan nu patali === Tempo ogé citakan <code>country_data</code> lain nu patali di handap ieu: {{{!}} {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related1}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related1}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related1param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related1param}}}}} -->}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related2|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related2}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related2}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related2param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related2param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related3|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related3}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related3}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related3param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related3param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related4|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related4}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related4}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related4param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related4param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related5|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related5}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related5}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related5param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related5param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related6|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related6}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related6}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related6param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related6param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related7|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related7}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related7}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related7param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related7param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related8|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related8}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related8}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related8param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related8param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related9|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related9}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related9}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related9param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related9param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related10|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related10}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related10}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related10param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related10param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related11|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related11}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related11}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related11param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related11param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related12|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related12}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related12}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related12param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related12param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related13|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related13}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related13}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related13param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related13param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related14|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related14}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related14}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related14param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related14param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related15|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related15}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related15}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related15param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related15param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related16|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related16}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related16}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related16param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related16param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related17|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related17}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related17}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related17param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related17param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related18|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related18}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related18}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related18param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related18param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related19|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related19}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related19}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related19param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related19param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related20|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related20}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related20}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related20param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related20param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related21|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related21}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related21}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related21param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related21param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related22|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related22}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related22}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related22param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related22param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related23|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related23}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related23}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related23param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related23param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related24|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related24}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related24}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related24param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related24param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related25|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related25}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related25}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related25param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related25param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related26|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related26}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related26}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related26param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related26param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related27|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related27}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related27}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related27param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related27param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related28|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related28}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related28}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related28param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related28param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related29|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related29}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related29}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related29param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related29param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related30|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related30}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related30}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related30param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related30param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related31|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related31}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related31}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related31param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related31param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related32|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related32}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related32}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related32param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related32param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related33|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related33}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related33}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related33param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related33param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related34|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related34}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related34}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related34param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related34param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related35|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related35}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related35}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related35param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related35param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related36|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related36}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related36}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related36param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related36param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related37|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related37}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related37}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related37param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related37param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related38|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related38}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related38}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related38param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related38param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related39|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related39}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related39}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related39param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related39param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related1|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!}}} }} {{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc | === Informasi séjén === {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} }} |link box=Ieu mangrupakeun dokuméntasi pikeun '''Citakan:{{PAGENAME}}''' anu ditampilkeun sacara otomatis ku [[Citakan:Country showdata]].<br/>Mangga {{purge|pupus sindangan ieu}} upami anjeun ngajieun parobahan kana citakan ieu. }} [[Kategori:Citakan data {{{kategori|{{{kat|nagara}}}}}}|{{{alias}}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> Citakan ieu dipaké pikeun ngadokumentasikeun [[Husus:IndeksAwalan/Citakan:Country data|citakan country data]]. Tempo [[Citakan:Country data Indonésia]] salaku conto. [[Kategori:Sistem citakan bandéra|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kategori:Citakan rohang ngaran citakan]] </noinclude> 1u1a8w2w0d8nk1yt7yutkjywosnr7cf 729303 729299 2026-09-26T23:55:34Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729303 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>__NOEDITSECTION__ {{dokumentasi|content=<code>Citakan:{{PAGENAME}}</code> nyaéta hiji wadah data internal anu teu dimaksudkeun pikeun ditransklusikeun sacara langsung. Citakan ieu dipaké sacara teu langsung ku citakan-citakan sapertos <code>[[Citakan:flag|flag]]</code>, <code>[[Citakan:flagicon|flagicon]]</code>, jeung lain-lain. {{ombox|text=Templat ini berada dalam lingkup '''[[Wikipedia:ProyekWiki bendera dan lambang negara di dunia|ProyekWiki Templat Bendera]]'''. Diskusi lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan di sana.}} {{ombox|text=Citakan-citakan country data [[Daptar nagara berdaulat|negara berdaulat]] ditangtayungan sacara pinuh pikeun nyegah vandalisme; ngan kuncén hungkul anu bisa ngédit. Pikeun ngalakukeun parobahan, tambihan {{tl|editprotect}} di bagian anyar [[Obrolan citakan:{{PAGENAME}}]], atawa nganjang ka [[Wikipedia:Pamundut perhatosan kuncén#Pangéditan kaca anu ditangtayungan]].}} [[Gambar:{{{flag alias|Flag of None.svg}}}|thumb|{{#ifexist: Bandéra {{{alias}}} | Tempo ogé: [[Bandéra {{{alias}}}]] | }}]] === Paraméter standar === <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Ngaran paraméter</th><th>Nilai</th><th>Harti</th> </tr><tr> <td><code>alias</code></td> <td>{{#if: {{{alias|}}} | <code>{{{alias}}}</code> | <span style="color:red">'''teu ditangtukeun!'''</span> }} <td>Ngaran artikel utama ([[{{{alias}}}]])</td> </tr> {{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | <tr> <td><code>shortname alias</code></td> <td><code>{{{shortname alias}}}</code></td> <td>''(opsional)'' ngaran pondok, singkatan, ngaran séjén (misalna Républik Irlandia->Irlandia)</td> </tr> }} <tr> <td><code>flag alias</code></td> <td>{{#if: {{{flag alias|}}} | <code>{{{flag alias}}}</code> | <span style="color:red">'''tidak ditentukan!'''</span> }}</td> <td>Ngaran berkas ([[:Gambar:{{{flag alias}}}]], tampilan katuhu luhur)</td> </table> {{#if: {{{var1|{{{flag alias-naval|}}}}}} | === Varian bandéra === {{#ifexist: {{{alt attribute}}} | {{details|{{{alt attribute}}}}} | {{#ifexist: Bandéra {{{alias}}} | {{details|Bandéra {{{alias}}}}} | }} }} <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Labél</th><th>Berkas bandéra (40px)</th><th>Ngaran berkas</th></tr> {{#if: {{{var1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var1}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var1}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var2}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var2}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var3}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var3}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var4}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var4}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var5}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var5}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var6|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var6}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var6}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var7|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var7}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var7}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var8|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var8}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var8}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var9|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var9}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var9}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var10|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var10}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var10}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var10}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var10}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var11|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var11}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var11}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var12|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var12}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var12}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var13|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var13}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var13}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var14|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var14}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var14}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var15|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var15}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var15}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var16|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var16}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var16}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var17|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var17}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var17}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var18|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var18}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var18}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var19|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var19}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var19}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var20|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var20}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var20}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var21|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var21}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var21}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var21}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var21}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var22|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var22}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var22}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var22}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var22}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var23|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var23}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var23}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var23}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var23}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var24|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var24}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var24}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var24}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var24}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var25|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var25}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var25}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var25}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var25}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var26|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var26}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var26}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var26}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var26}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var27|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var27}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var27}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var27}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var27}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var28|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var28}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var28}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var28}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var28}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var29|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var29}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var29}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var29}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var29}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var30|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var30}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var30}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var30}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var30}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var31|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var31}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var31}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var31}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var31}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var32|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var32}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var32}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var32}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var32}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var33|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var33}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var33}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var33}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var33}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var34|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var34}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var34}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var34}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var34}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var35|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var35}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var35}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var35}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var35}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var36|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var36}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var36}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var36}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var36}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var37|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var37}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var37}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var37}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var37}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var38|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var38}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var38}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var38}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var38}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var39|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var39}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var39}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var39}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var39}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var40|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var40}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var40}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var40}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var40}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | <tr><td><code>naval</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-naval}}}|40px|{{{border-naval|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-naval}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-marines|}}} | <tr><td><code>marines</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-marines}}}|40px|{{{border-marines|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-marines}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-military|}}} | <tr><td><code>military</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-military}}}|40px|{{{border-military|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-military}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-coast guard|}}} | <tr><td><code>coast guard</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-coast guard}}}|40px|{{{border-coast guard|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-coast guard}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-navy|}}} | <tr><td><code>navy</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-navy}}}|40px|{{{border-navy|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-navy}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | <tr><td><code>air force</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-air force}}}|40px|{{{border-air force|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-air force}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-space force|}}} | <tr><td><code>space force</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-space force}}}|40px|{{{border-space force|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-space force}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-army|}}} | <tr><td><code>army</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-army}}}|40px|{{{border-army|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-army}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- --></table> }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}}{{{link alias-naval|}}}{{{flag alias-air force|}}}{{{flag alias-army|}}} | === Lambang militér === {{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan laut anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan laut}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan laut|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan laut|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|naval}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|naval}} }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan udara anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan udara}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan udara|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan udara|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|air force}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|air force}} }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-army|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan darat anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan darat}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan darat|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan darat|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|army}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|army}} }} }} {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | === Alias alihan === Citakan ieu ogé tiasa dianggo dina salah sahiji alias alihan ieu: <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Ngaran alias</th><th>Hasil dengan {{tlx|flag|''alias''}}</th><th>Hasil dengan {{tlx|flagcountry|''alias''}}</th></tr> {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir1}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir1}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir1}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir2}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir2}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir2}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir2}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir3}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir3}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir3}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir3}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir4}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir4}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir4}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir4}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir5}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir5}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir5}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir5}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir6|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir6}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir6}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir6}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir6}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir7|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir7}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir7}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir7}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir7}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir8|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir8}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir8}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir8}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir8}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir9|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir9}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir9}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir9}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir9}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir10|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir10}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir10}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir10}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir10}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- --></table> }} === Conto pamakéan === *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | *<code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{var1|}}} | ==== Ngagunakeun varian bandéra ==== *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{var1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{var1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | ==== Ngagunakeun alias alihan ==== *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{redir1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{redir1}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{related1|}}} | === Citakan nu patali === Tempo ogé citakan <code>country_data</code> lain nu patali di handap ieu: {{{!}} {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related1}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related1}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related1param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related1param}}}}} -->}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related2|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related2}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related2}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related2param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related2param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related3|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related3}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related3}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related3param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related3param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related4|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related4}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related4}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related4param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related4param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related5|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related5}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related5}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related5param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related5param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related6|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related6}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related6}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related6param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related6param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related7|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related7}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related7}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related7param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related7param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related8|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related8}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related8}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related8param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related8param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related9|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related9}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related9}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related9param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related9param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related10|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related10}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related10}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related10param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related10param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related11|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related11}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related11}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related11param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related11param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related12|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related12}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related12}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related12param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related12param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related13|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related13}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related13}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related13param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related13param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related14|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related14}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related14}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related14param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related14param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related15|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related15}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related15}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related15param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related15param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related16|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related16}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related16}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related16param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related16param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related17|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related17}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related17}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related17param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related17param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related18|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related18}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related18}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related18param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related18param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related19|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related19}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related19}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related19param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related19param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related20|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related20}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related20}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related20param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related20param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related21|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related21}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related21}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related21param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related21param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related22|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related22}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related22}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related22param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related22param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related23|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related23}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related23}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related23param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related23param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related24|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related24}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related24}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related24param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related24param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related25|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related25}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related25}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related25param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related25param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related26|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related26}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related26}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related26param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related26param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related27|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related27}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related27}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related27param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related27param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related28|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related28}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related28}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related28param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related28param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related29|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related29}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related29}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related29param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related29param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related30|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related30}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related30}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related30param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related30param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related31|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related31}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related31}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related31param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related31param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related32|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related32}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related32}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related32param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related32param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related33|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related33}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related33}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related33param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related33param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related34|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related34}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related34}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related34param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related34param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related35|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related35}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related35}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related35param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related35param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related36|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related36}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related36}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related36param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related36param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related37|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related37}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related37}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related37param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related37param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related38|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related38}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related38}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related38param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related38param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related39|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related39}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related39}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related39param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related39param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related1|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!}}} }} {{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc | === Informasi séjén === {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} }} |link box=Ieu mangrupakeun dokuméntasi pikeun '''Citakan:{{PAGENAME}}''' anu ditampilkeun sacara otomatis ku [[Citakan:Country showdata]].<br/>Mangga {{purge|pupus sindangan ieu}} upami anjeun ngajieun parobahan kana citakan ieu. }} [[Kategori:Citakan data {{{kategori|{{{kat|nagara}}}}}}|{{{alias}}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> Citakan ieu dipaké pikeun ngadokumentasikeun [[Husus:IndeksAwalan/Citakan:Country data|citakan country data]]. Tempo [[Citakan:Country data Indonésia]] salaku conto. [[Kategori:Sistem citakan bandéra|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kategori:Citakan rohang ngaran citakan]] </noinclude> 1r9f3iypx9wnuypwax7jh2flqfiyxwz 729320 729303 2026-09-27T01:02:15Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729320 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>__NOEDITSECTION__ {{dokumentasi|content=<code>Citakan:{{PAGENAME}}</code> nyaéta hiji wadah data internal anu teu dimaksudkeun pikeun ditransklusikeun sacara langsung. Citakan ieu dipaké sacara teu langsung ku citakan-citakan sapertos <code>[[Citakan:flag|flag]]</code>, <code>[[Citakan:flagicon|flagicon]]</code>, jeung lain-lain. {{ombox|text=Citakan ieu aya dina lingkup '''[[:id:Wikipedia:ProyekWiki bendera dan lambang negara di dunia|ProyékWiki Citakan Bandéra]]'''. Diskusi salajengna tiasa dilakukeun di dinya.}} {{ombox|text=Citakan-citakan country data [[Daptar nagara|nagara berdaulat]] ditangtayungan sacara pinuh pikeun nyegah vandalisme; ngan kuncén hungkul anu bisa ngédit. Pikeun ngalakukeun parobahan, tambihan {{tl|editprotect}} di bagian anyar [[Obrolan citakan:{{PAGENAME}}]], atawa nganjang ka [[Wikipedia:Pamundut perhatosan kuncén#Pangéditan kaca anu ditangtayungan]].}} [[Gambar:{{{flag alias|Flag of None.svg}}}|thumb|{{#ifexist: Bandéra {{{alias}}} | Tempo ogé: [[Bandéra {{{alias}}}]] | }}]] === Paraméter standar === <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Ngaran paraméter</th><th>Nilai</th><th>Harti</th> </tr><tr> <td><code>alias</code></td> <td>{{#if: {{{alias|}}} | <code>{{{alias}}}</code> | <span style="color:red">'''teu ditangtukeun!'''</span> }} <td>Ngaran artikel utama ([[{{{alias}}}]])</td> </tr> {{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | <tr> <td><code>shortname alias</code></td> <td><code>{{{shortname alias}}}</code></td> <td>''(opsional)'' ngaran pondok, singkatan, ngaran séjén (misalna Républik Irlandia->Irlandia)</td> </tr> }} <tr> <td><code>flag alias</code></td> <td>{{#if: {{{flag alias|}}} | <code>{{{flag alias}}}</code> | <span style="color:red">'''tidak ditentukan!'''</span> }}</td> <td>Ngaran berkas ([[:Gambar:{{{flag alias}}}]], tampilan katuhu luhur)</td> </table> {{#if: {{{var1|{{{flag alias-naval|}}}}}} | === Varian bandéra === {{#ifexist: {{{alt attribute}}} | {{details|{{{alt attribute}}}}} | {{#ifexist: Bandéra {{{alias}}} | {{details|Bandéra {{{alias}}}}} | }} }} <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Labél</th><th>Berkas bandéra (40px)</th><th>Ngaran berkas</th></tr> {{#if: {{{var1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var1}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var1}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var2}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var2}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var3}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var3}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var4}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var4}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var5}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var5}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var6|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var6}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var6}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var7|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var7}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var7}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var8|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var8}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var8}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var9|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var9}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var9}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var10|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var10}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var10}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var10}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var10}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var11|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var11}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var11}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var12|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var12}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var12}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var13|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var13}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var13}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var14|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var14}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var14}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var15|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var15}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var15}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var16|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var16}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var16}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var17|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var17}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var17}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var18|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var18}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var18}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var19|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var19}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var19}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var20|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var20}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var20}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var21|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var21}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var21}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var21}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var21}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var22|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var22}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var22}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var22}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var22}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var23|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var23}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var23}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var23}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var23}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var24|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var24}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var24}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var24}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var24}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var25|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var25}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var25}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var25}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var25}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var26|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var26}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var26}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var26}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var26}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var27|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var27}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var27}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var27}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var27}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var28|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var28}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var28}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var28}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var28}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var29|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var29}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var29}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var29}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var29}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var30|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var30}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var30}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var30}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var30}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var31|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var31}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var31}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var31}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var31}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var32|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var32}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var32}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var32}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var32}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var33|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var33}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var33}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var33}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var33}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var34|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var34}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var34}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var34}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var34}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var35|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var35}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var35}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var35}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var35}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var36|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var36}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var36}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var36}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var36}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var37|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var37}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var37}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var37}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var37}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var38|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var38}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var38}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var38}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var38}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var39|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var39}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var39}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var39}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var39}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{var40|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{var40}}}</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-{{{var40}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var40}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-{{{var40}}}}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | <tr><td><code>naval</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-naval}}}|40px|{{{border-naval|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-naval}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-marines|}}} | <tr><td><code>marines</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-marines}}}|40px|{{{border-marines|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-marines}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-military|}}} | <tr><td><code>military</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-military}}}|40px|{{{border-military|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-military}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-coast guard|}}} | <tr><td><code>coast guard</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-coast guard}}}|40px|{{{border-coast guard|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-coast guard}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-navy|}}} | <tr><td><code>navy</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-navy}}}|40px|{{{border-navy|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-navy}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | <tr><td><code>air force</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-air force}}}|40px|{{{border-air force|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-air force}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-space force|}}} | <tr><td><code>space force</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-space force}}}|40px|{{{border-space force|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-space force}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{flag alias-army|}}} | <tr><td><code>army</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-army}}}|40px|{{{border-army|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]</td><td><code>{{{flag alias-army}}}</code></td></tr> }}<!-- --></table> }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}}{{{link alias-naval|}}}{{{flag alias-air force|}}}{{{flag alias-army|}}} | === Lambang militér === {{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan laut anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan laut}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan laut|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan laut|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|naval}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|naval}} }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan udara anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan udara}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan udara|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan udara|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|air force}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|air force}} }} {{#if: {{{flag alias-army|}}} | Citakan ieu ogé ngawengku varian bandéra angkatan darat anu tiasa dipaké dina {{tl|Angkatan darat}}: * <code><nowiki>{{angkatan darat|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{angkatan darat|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|army}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|army}} }} }} {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | === Alias alihan === Citakan ieu ogé tiasa dianggo dina salah sahiji alias alihan ieu: <table class="wikitable"> <tr><th>Ngaran alias</th><th>Hasil dengan {{tlx|flag|''alias''}}</th><th>Hasil dengan {{tlx|flagcountry|''alias''}}</th></tr> {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir1}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir1}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir1}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir2|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir2}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir2}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir2}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir2}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir3|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir3}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir3}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir3}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir3}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir4|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir4}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir4}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir4}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir4}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir5|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir5}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir5}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir5}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir5}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir6|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir6}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir6}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir6}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir6}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir7|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir7}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir7}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir7}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir7}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir8|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir8}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir8}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir8}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir8}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir9|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir9}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir9}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir9}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir9}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{redir10|}}} | <tr><td><code>{{{redir10}}} (</code><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Citakan:Country data {{{redir10}}}|redirect=no}} tempo]</span><code>)</code></td><td>{{flag|{{{redir10}}}}}</td><td>{{flagcountry|{{{redir10}}}}}</td></tr> }}<!-- --></table> }} === Conto pamakéan === *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | *<code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{var1|}}} | ==== Ngagunakeun varian bandéra ==== *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{var1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}<nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{var1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | ==== Ngagunakeun alias alihan ==== *<code><nowiki>{{flagicon|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagicon|{{{redir1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flagcountry|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}} *<code><nowiki>{{flag|</nowiki>{{{redir1}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{flag|{{{redir1}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{related1|}}} | === Citakan nu patali === Tempo ogé citakan <code>country_data</code> lain nu patali di handap ieu: {{{!}} {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related1}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related1}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related1param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related1param}}}}} -->}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related2|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related2}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related2}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related2param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related2param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related3|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related3}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related3}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related3param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related3param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related4|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related4}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related4}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related4param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related4param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related5|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related5}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related5}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related5param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related5param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related6|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related6}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related6}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related6param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related6param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related7|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related7}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related7}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related7param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related7param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related8|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related8}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related8}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related8param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related8param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related9|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related9}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related9}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related9param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related9param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related10|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related10}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related10}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related10param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related10param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related11|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related11}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related11}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related11param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related11param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related12|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related12}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related12}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related12param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related12param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related13|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related13}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related13}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related13param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related13param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related14|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related14}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related14}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related14param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related14param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related15|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related15}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related15}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related15param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related15param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related16|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related16}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related16}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related16param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related16param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related17|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related17}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related17}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related17param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related17param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related18|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related18}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related18}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related18param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related18param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related19|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related19}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related19}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related19param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related19param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related20|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related20}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related20}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related20param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related20param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related21|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related21}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related21}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related21param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related21param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related22|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related22}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related22}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related22param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related22param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related23|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related23}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related23}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related23param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related23param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related24|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related24}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related24}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related24param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related24param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related25|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related25}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related25}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related25param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related25param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related26|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related26}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related26}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related26param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related26param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related27|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related27}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related27}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related27param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related27param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related28|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related28}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related28}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related28param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related28param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related29|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related29}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related29}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related29param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related29param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related30|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related30}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related30}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related30param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related30param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related31|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related31}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related31}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related31param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related31param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related32|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related32}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related32}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related32param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related32param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related33|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related33}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related33}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related33param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related33param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related34|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related34}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related34}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related34param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related34param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related35|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related35}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related35}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related35param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related35param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related36|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related36}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related36}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related36param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related36param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related37|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related37}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related37}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related37param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related37param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related38|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related38}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related38}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related38param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related38param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related39|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!-}} {{!}} [[Template:Country data {{{related39}}}]] {{!!}} {{flag|{{{related39}}}<!-- {{#if:{{{related39param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related39param}}}}} -->}} }}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{related1|}}} |<nowiki /> {{!}}} }} {{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc | === Informasi séjén === {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}} }} |link box=Ieu mangrupakeun dokuméntasi pikeun '''Citakan:{{PAGENAME}}''' anu ditampilkeun sacara otomatis ku [[Citakan:Country showdata]].<br/>Mangga {{purge|pupus sindangan ieu}} upami anjeun ngajieun parobahan kana citakan ieu. }} [[Kategori:Citakan data {{{kategori|{{{kat|nagara}}}}}}|{{{alias}}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> Citakan ieu dipaké pikeun ngadokumentasikeun [[Husus:IndeksAwalan/Citakan:Country data|citakan country data]]. Tempo [[Citakan:Country data Indonésia]] salaku conto. [[Kategori:Sistem citakan bandéra|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kategori:Citakan rohang ngaran citakan]] </noinclude> 0cl1z4lmod0a4k2ip4z37w40t718uv1 Kategori:Citakan data nagara 14 22952 729408 74754 2026-09-27T06:32:11Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Topik dunya|title=Citakan data nagara (kategori)|prefix=:Kategori:Citakan data}} [[Kategori:Citakan nagara|Data]] k3snu3rg3s0mtwnb1uc3cwlryckwch7 Kabupatén Pandéglang 0 23303 729076 712519 2026-09-26T12:02:33Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dati2|nami=Kabupatén Pandeglang |propinsi=[[Banten]] |ibukota=Pandéglang |lega=2.746,90 km² |pangeusi= 1.085.000 (2003) |kapadetan=395 |kacamatan=26 |kalurahan=- |kodearea=0253 |dau=Rp. - |lambang= <!--[[Berkas:Lambang Kabupaten Pandeglang.png|120px|Lambang Kabupatén Pandéglang]]--> |peta= <!--[[Gambar:Locator_kabupaten_pandeglang.png]]--> |kordinat=60 21' - 70 10' LKi<br/>1040 48'- 1060 11' BWé |dasar hukum=- |tanggal=[[11 April]] |motto=BERKAH (Beresih, Elok, Ramah, Kuat, Aman, Hirup) |kapala daerah=[[Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah=H.A. Dimiyati Natakusuma |web=http://www.pandeglang.go.id/ |caption=Logo Kabupaten Pandeglang}} [[Gambar:Logo pandeglang.png|al=logo kabupaten pandeglang|jmpl|[https://pandeglangkab.go.id/]]] '''Kabupatén Pandéglang''' ([[Aksara Sunda Baku|Aksara Sunda]]: ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮕᮔ᮪ᮓᮦᮌᮣᮀ, [[Arab Sunda]]: كابوفاتَين فاندَيڮۤلاڠ) nyaéta salah sahiji [[kabupatén]] di [[Propinsi]] [[Banten]], [[Indonésia]]. Ibukotana '''Pandéglang'''. Kabupatén ieu wawatesan jeung [[Kabupatén Serang]] di kaler, [[Kabupatén Lebak]] di kulon, sarta [[Samudra Indonésia]] di kulon jeung kiduleunnana. Wewengkonna ogé ngawengku [[Pulo Panaitan]] (di kulon, dipisahkeun ku Selat Panaitan), sarta sajumlah pulo-pulo leutik di Samudra Hindia, kaasup [[Pulo Déli]] jeung [[Pulo Tinjil]]. [[Semenanjung Ujung Kulon]] mangrupa tungtung pulo Jawa pangkulonna, nu aya [[suaka margasatwa]] tempat panangtayungan [[badak]] [[cula]] hiji nu kiwari meh lastari. == '''Harti Lambang Kabupaten Pandeglang''' == [https://pandeglangkab.go.id/ Harti Lambang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127235903/https://pandeglangkab.go.id/ |date=2023-01-27 }} '''STAR''' - Hiji béntang lima titik konéng emas ayana dina bodas ngagambarkeun kaagungan [[Allah SWT,]] nu emits konéng emas pikeun ngabentuk pasagi sejen. '''SAMPINGAN''' – Tameng pentagonal dimaksudkeun minangka lambang kateguhan Masarakat jeung Pamaréntah Daérah [[Kabupatén Pandeglang]] sapanjang umur di jero Nagara Pancasila. '''CONES''' – Tilu congcot anu ukuranana jeung jangkungna henteu sarua ngagambarkeun tilu gunung sarta ngalambangkeun yen wewengkon Pandeglang mangrupa pagunungan. '''Badak''' - Badak tanduk hiji nyanghareup ka kénca mangrupa salah sahiji sasatoan warisan kuna anu masih kénéh hirup nepi ka kiwari. '''PADI''' – Tangkai béas anu tilu puluh tujuh butir ngagambarkeun sajumlah désa di wewengkon [[Kabupatén Pandeglang]] saratus tilu puluh tujuh désa. '''KAPAS''' – Tangkal kapas kembang genep kembang ngagambarkeun sajumlah kacamatan di Kabupatén Pandeglang, jumlahna genep belas kacamatan. '''JASMINE''' – Kembang malati anu opat daunna bodas, ngalambangkeun jumlah Kewedanaan di Kabupatén Pandeglang saloba opat Kewedanaan. '''GARIS GELOMBANG''' - Dua garis bergelombang anu panjangna henteu sarua, masing-masing ngagambarkeun Laut anu ngurilingan sabagéan ageung wewengkon [[Kabupatén Pandeglang]] sareng walungan anu aya di jerona. '''Warna Lambang Harti''' '''Emas konéng''' melambangkan '''kaagungan jeung wibawa''' '''Bodas''' melambangkan '''kasucian''' '''Biru muda''' melambangkan '''kasatiaan''' '''Héjo poék''' ngalambangkeun '''kasuburan''' '''Héjo abu''' ngalambangkeun '''[https://pandeglangkab.go.id/ Fortitude] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127235903/https://pandeglangkab.go.id/ |date=2023-01-27 }}''' == Visi jeung Misi == Visi jeung Misi Kabupatén Pandéglang taun 2021-2026 nyaéta:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pandeglangkab.go.id/|title=BERANDA - PEMKAB PANDEGLANG|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127235903/https://pandeglangkab.go.id/|archivedate=2023-01-27}}</ref> Visi: "Pandéglang Berkah, Mibanda Daya Saing & Raharja" Misi Kabupatén Pandéglang, nyaéta: # Konsolidasi aksés infrastruktur pikeun atikan, kaséhatan sarta puseur pertumbuhan ékonomi. # Ngadorong ningkatna kualitas [[Sumber daya manusa|Sumber Daya Manusia]] (SDM). # Ngaronjatkeun kualitas palayanan publik. # Ngaronjatkeun betah investasi dina ngokolakeun sumber daya alam anu lestari jeung ramah lingkungan. # Ngaronjatkeun pemberdayaan masarakat dina usaha ngaronjatkeun ajén-inajén tatanén, perikanan, pariwisata jeung séntra industri leutik sedeng. == Géografis jeung Iklim == Sacara géografis, Kabupatén Pandéglang aya di tungtung kulon Pulo Jawa di koordinat 6<sup>o</sup>21'-7<sup>o</sup>10' Lintang Kidul jeung 104<sup>o</sup>48'-106<sup>o</sup>11' Bujur Wétan. Legana wilayah Kabupatén Pandéglang nyaéta 2.747 km<sup>2</sup> atawa 29,98% tina total legana wilayah Propinsi Banten. Gunung-gunung nu aya di Pandéglang lolobana harandap nyaéta antawis 320 m nepika 480 m.Kabupatén Pandéglang jadi kabupatén panglegana kadua di Propinsi Banten. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Kabupaten Pandeglang Dalam Angka 2023|last=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pandeglang|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pandeglang|year=2023|location=Pandeglang}}</ref> Wates Kabupatén Pandéglang nyaéta:<ref name=":0" /> * Belah Kalér: Kabupatén Sérang * Belah Kidul: Samudera Indonesia * Kulon: Selat Sunda * Wétan: Kabupatén Lebak Suhu rata-rata di Kabupatén Pandéglang taun 2022 nyaéta 27,5<sup>o</sup>C, suhu paing handap 21 <sup>o</sup>C sedengkeun suhu paling luhur nyaeta 35,1<sup>o</sup>C.<ref name=":0" /> == Pamaréntahan == [[Gambar:Pandeglang sta 151229-0543 lsg.JPG|jmpl|Pandeglang mangsa taun 2016]] Ti saparak taun 2011, Kabupatén Pandéglang dibagi kana 35 kacamatan jeung 343 désa. Di handap ieu daptar kacamatan anu aya di Kabupatén Pandéglang: # [[Sumur, Pandéglang|Sumur]] # [[Cimanggu, Pandéglang|Cimanggu]] # Cibaliung # Cibitung # Cikeusik # Cigeulis # [[Panimbang, Pandéglang|Panimbang]] # [[Sobang, Pandéglang|Sobang]] # Munjul # Angsana # Sindangresmi # [[Picung, Pandéglang|Picung]] # Bojong # [[Saketi, Pandéglang|Saketi]] # Cisata # [[Pagelaran, Pandéglang|Pagelaran]] # [[Patia, Pandéglang|Patia]] # Sukaresmi # Labuan # Carita # Jiput # Cikedal # [[Menés, Menés, Pandéglang|Menes]] # Pulosari # [[Mandalawangi, Pandéglang|Mandalawangi]] # [[Cimanuk, Pandéglang|Cimanuk]] # [[Cipeucang, Pandéglang|Cipeucang]] # Banjar # Kaduhejo # Mekarjaya # [[Pandéglang, Pandéglang|Pandeglang]] # Majasari # Cadasari # [[Karang Tanjung, Pandéglang|Karangtanjung]] # [[Koroncong, Koroncong, Pandéglang|Koroncong]] === Bupati === === Pagawe Nagara Sipil (PNS) === {{banten}} {{Kabupatén Pandéglang}} {{geo-pondok}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Pandéglang|Kabupatén Pandéglang]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Banten|Pandéglang]] [[Kategori:Artikel WikiMekar]] idibssfoj1n76x81q0a45jjdtxdiqje Sierra Leone 0 23767 729293 709192 2026-09-26T23:19:50Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = Republic of Sierra Leone |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Sierra Leone |image_flag = Flag of Sierra Leone.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg |symbol_type = Coat of Arms |image_map = LocationSierraLeone.svg |national_motto = "Unity - Freedom - Justice" |national_anthem = ''[[High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free]]'' |official_languages = [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]] |capital = [[Freetown]] |latd= 8|latm=31 |latNS=N |longd=13 |longm=15 |longEW=W |largest_city = Freetown |government_type = [[Républik]] |leader_title1 = [[Daptar Présidén Sierra Leone|Présidén]] |leader_name1 = [[Julius Maada Bio]] |area_rank = ka-119 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area = 71,740 |areami² = 27,699 |percent_water = 1.0 |population_estimate = 6,144,562 |population_estimate_rank = ka-103<sup>1</sup> |population_estimate_year = Juli 2007 |population_census = 5,426,618 |population_census_year = 2000 |population_density = 83 |population_densitymi² = 199 |population_density_rank = ka-114<sup>1</sup> |GDP_PPP = $4.921 miliar <!--IMF--> |GDP_PPP_rank = ka-151 |GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $903 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ka-172 |sovereignty_type = [[Républik]] |established_event1 = ti [[United Kingdom]] |established_date1 = [[27 April]] [[1961]] |HDI = {{increase}} 0.335 |HDI_rank = ka-176 |HDI_year = 2004 |HDI_category = <font color="#e0584e">handap</font> |currency = [[Leone]] |currency_code = SLL |country_code = |time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |utc_offset = +0 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.sl]] |calling_code = 232 |demonym = Sierra Leonean |footnotes = <sup>1</sup> Rengking dumasar 2007. }} '''Sierra Léone''', ngaran resmina '''Republic of Sierra Léone''', mangrupa nagara di [[Afrika Kulon]]. Nagara ieu wawatesan jeung [[Gini]] di béh kaler sarta [[Liberia]] di kiduleunnana, kalayan [[Samudra Atlantik]] di béh kulonna. Ngaran Sierra Léone dicokot tina ngaran dina [[Basa Portugis]] keur nagara ieu: ''Serra Leoa''. Hartina ''"Lion Mountain Range"''. Salila taun [[1700-an]] Sierra Léone mangrupa puseur penting perdagangan transatlantik keur [[Budak Afrika|urang Afrika nu jadi budak]]. Ibu kota [[Freetown]] ngadeg taun [[1787]] (meunang piagemna taun [[1792]]) ku [[Pausahaan Sierra Leone]] minangka salah sahiji tempat keur urang Afrika nu jadi [[perbudakan|budak]] nu geus ngalawan [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britania]] samangsa [[Perang Kamerdikaan Amérika]]. Taun [[1808]], Freetown jadi [[Jajahan Makuta]] ''(Crown Colony)'' [[Kakaisaran Britania|Britania]], sarta taun [[1896]], jero nagara jadi [[Protéktorat]] Britania. Crown Colony jeung Protektorat ngahiji sarta meunang [[kamerdikaan]] taun [[1961]]. Ti taun [[1991]] nepi ka [[2002]], nagara ieu katarajang pangaruh [[Perang Sipil Sierra Leone|serangan nu baruntak]] nu ngancurkeunnana. Keur mungkas petana pemberontak, [[PBB]] jeung balad [[United Kingdom|Britania]] ''melucuti'' 17,000 milisi jeung pemberontak, dina peta [[miara perdaméyan]] panggedéna dina [[dekade]] harita. Rarata harepan hirup mangsa babar di Sierra Léone nyaéta 38 taun keur lalaki sarta 43 taun keur wanoja.<ref name="WorldFactBook">{{cite web |title=Sierra Leone |work=[[The World Factbook]] |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html#People |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |date=[[15 Méi]], [[2007]] |accessdate=2007-05-17 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210222/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html#People |date=2007-06-12 }}</ref> == Sajarah == {{utama|Sajarah Sierra Leone}} == Bibliografi - petingan == # Abraham, Arthur; Mende Government and Politics under Colonial Rule, Freetown and London, 1978. # Abraham, Arthur, "Cultural Policy in Sierra Leone," UNESCO, c1978. # Abraham, Arthur, "Sengbe Pieh: A Neglected Hero?", Journal of the Historical Society of Sierra Léone, II (2), 1978. # Abraham, Arthur, "Topics in Sierra Leone History : A Counter-Colonial Interpretation," Léone Publishers [Sierra Léone], c.1976. # Bah, M. Alpha, "Fulbe Migration in Sierra Leone: A Case History of Twentieth-Century Migration and Settlement Among the Kissi of Koindu," Peter Lang Publishing [New York], 1998. # Berger, Daniel; In the Land of Magic Soldiers: A Story of White and Black in West Africa, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003. # Blyden, Nemata Amelia, "In Her Majesty's Service: West Indians in British Colonial Government, Sierra Leone, 1808-1880: Race, Class and Ethnicity in a British West African Colony." # Clarke, J.I., Nelson, S.J.A. and Swindell, K.; Sierra Léone in Maps, London, 1966. # Cole, Bernadette; Mass Media, Freedom And Democracy In Sierra Léone, Freetown, 1995,. # Conteh-Morgan, éarl and Dixon-Fyle, Mac "Sierra Leone at the End of the Twentieth Century: History, Politics and Society", Peter Lang Publishing [New York], 1999. # Cox-Géorge, N. A., "Finance and Development in West Africa: The Sierra Leone Experience," D. Dobson [London], 1961. # Foray, Cyril P., "Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone," the Scarecrow Press [Metuchen, N.J. and London], 1977. # Forna, Aminatta; The Devil that danced on the Water: A daughter’s memoir. London, 2002. # Fyfe, Christopher, "A History of Sierra Leone," Cambridge University Press, 1962; Oxford University Press [London], 1962. (Reprint edition Gregg International Publications, 1993.) # Fyle, Christopher; Sierra Léone Inheritance, London, 1964. # Fyfe, Christopher, "Africanus Horton, 1835-1883 : West African Scientist and Patriot," Aldershot, Hampshire, 1992. # Gberie, Lansana, Smillie, Ian and Hazleton, Ralph; The Héart of the Matter: Sierra Léone, Diamonds and Human Society“, A Study published by Partnership Africa Canada in January 2000. # Global Witness, Conflict Diamonds, Possibilities for the Identification, Certification and Control of Diamonds, A briefing document by Global Witness June, 2000. # Hirsch; John L; Sierra Léone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy , Lynne Rienner Pub (1. Dezember 2000). # Jalloh, Alusine, "African Entrepreneurship: Muslim Fula Merchants in Sierra Leone (Monographs in International Studies, Africa Series, No. 71)," Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1999. # Jalloh, S Balimo, Sierra Léone, Länderbericht, Bergisch Gladbach, 1991. # Jalloh, S Balimo: (1) Conflicts, Resources and Social Instability in Subsahara Africa – The Sierra Léone Case; in Internationasles Afrikaforum, 37. Jg. 2/2001, Pages 166-180. (2) Subsahara Africa – Trade Expansion Through Countertrade, in: Internationales Afrikaforum, 31 Jahrgang, Heft 4/1995, S. 365 –374 (Article) und in: UNCTAD-Bulletin 1995: 365-375. # Jones, Durosimi Eldred, Othellos Countrymen, Oxford University Press, 1965. # Jones, Durosimi Eldred Eustace Palmer, African Litterature Today Africa World Press – London, 1995. # Jones, Howard, "Mutiny on the Amistad: The Saga of a Slave Revolt and its Impact on American Abolition, Law and Diplomacy," Oxford University Press [New York], 1986. # Kabba, Muctaru, (Editor); Sierra Léonéan Heroes, Fifty Gréat Men and Women who helped to Build Our Nation, Freetown, 1988. # Koroma, Abdul K. Sierra Léone – The Agony of a Nation, Andromeda Publications, Freetown, 1996. # Kpundeh, Sahr John, "Politics and Corruption in Africa: A Case Study of Sierra Leone," University Press of America [Lanham, Md.]. # Lewis, Damien, "Operation Certain Death - The Inside Story of the SAS'S Greatest Battle," Arrow Books, 2005. # Nicol, Davidson, Regionalism and the New International Economic Order; UNITAR-CEESTEM-Club of Rome conference at the United Nations, Pergamon Press, 1981. # William Reno, Corruption and State Politics in Sierra Léone, The African Studies Centre, Cambridge University Press, 1995. # Paul Richards; Fighting for the Rain Forest – War Youth & Resources in Sierra Léone, The International African Institute, James Currey Publishers, London, 1996. # Sawyerr, Harry, "God, Ancestor or Creator? Aspects of Traditional Belief in Ghana, Nigeria & Sierra Leone," Harlow, Longmans, 1970. # Turay, Harry; Land Tenure Systems in Sierra Léone, unpublished project report, Njala University College, 1980. # H.L. van der Laan, The Sierra Léone Diamonds, An Economic Study covering the yéars 1952-1961, Oxford, 1965. # Wyse, Akintola J.G. and Devenéaux, Gustav H.K.; The Sierra Léone-German connection, 1787-1987, An Overview, Published by The German Embassy in Freetown, 190093. # Wyse, Akintola J. G., "H. C. Bankole-Bright and Politics in Colonial Sierra Leone, 1919-1958" (African Studies Series), Cambridge University Press [Cambridge, Eng. and New York], 1990. == Rujukan == <references/> == Tumbu luar == * [http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1016.html US Department of State travel information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113191332/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1016.html |date=2013-11-13 }} * [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/23750.htm US Department of State International Religious Freedom Report 2003] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html CIA World Factbook - Sierra Leone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210222/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html |date=2007-06-12 }} ; Government * [http://www.statehouse-sl.org/ The Republic of Sierra Leone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129072822/http://www.statehouse-sl.org/ |date=2020-11-29 }} official government site ; Warta * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210302122028/http://allafrica.com/sierraleone/ allAfrica.com - ''Sierra Leone''] news héadline links * [http://www.focus-on-sierra-leone.co.uk/SLHC_Comment_on_latest_judgement.htm - ''www.focus-on-sierra-leone.co.uk''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818072651/http://www.focus-on-sierra-leone.co.uk/SLHC_Comment_on_latest_judgement.htm |date=2007-08-18 }} - On 20 March 2001, the Government of Sierra Léone submitted a ‘without notice’ application to the Chancery Division of the High Court in London and obtained an order to freeze the accounts of one Edward Davenport. ; Sawangan * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Sierra_Leone Open Directory Project - ''Sierra Leone''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024163413/http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Sierra_Leone/ |date=2007-10-24 }} directory category ; Diskusi * [http://www.sierraleone.com SierraLeone.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316013130/http://www.sierraleone.com/ |date=2007-03-16 }} discussion forum * [http://www.enciss-sl.org/ Enhancing the Interaction and Interface between Civil Society and the State to Improve Poor Peoples Lives] ENCISS website * [http://forum.visitsierraleone.org 'Visit Sierra Leone - Travel and Business Advice Forum'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808002545/http://forum.visitsierraleone.org/ |date=2007-08-08 }} ; Blog * [http://blogs.visitsierraleone.org 'Visit Sierra Leone Blog'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809174109/http://blogs.visitsierraleone.org/ |date=2007-08-09 }} * [http://www.switsalone.blogspot.com 'Sweet Sierra Leone Blog'] * [http://www.livefromfreetown.com 'Live From Freetown, Sierra Leone'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020015124/http://www.livefromfreetown.com/ |date=2016-10-20 }} ; Wisata {{wikivoyage|Sierra Leone}} * [http://www.welcometosierraleone.org/ National Tourist Board of Sierra Leone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027211842/http://www.welcometosierraleone.org/ |date=2008-10-27 }} official site * [http://www.visitsierraleone.org Visit Sierra Leone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208180857/http://www.visitsierraleone.org/ |date=2021-02-08 }} Travel and Tourism information ; Lianna * [http://www.expeditionsierraleone.com Expedition Sustainable Sierra Leone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827175136/http://www.expeditionsierraleone.com/ |date=2007-08-27 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030823101709/http://www.freedomhouse.org/research/freeworld/2003/countryratings/sierra-leone.htm Dossier about Sierra Leone from Freedomhouse.org] * [http://www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/country?iso=sle Refugee matters in Sierra Leone - UNHCR information portal] * [http://www.leonedirect.com Sierra Leone Business Directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219172356/http://leonedirect.com/ |date=2008-12-19 }} * [http://www.daco-sl.org/encyclopedia/ Sierra Leone Encyclopedia 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415071805/http://www.daco-sl.org/encyclopedia |date=2012-04-15 }} * [http://www.sierra-leone.org Sierra Leone Web] * [http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/unamsil/body_unamsil.htm UNAMSIL] * [http://www.guinea.aha.ru/sierra_leone.htm Mineral resources of Sierra Leone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703010446/http://www.guinea.aha.ru/sierra_leone.htm |date=2007-07-03 }} * [http://www.sc-sl.org War Crimes Trials in Sierra Leone] == Budaya == * Black composer, father from Sierra Léone: [[Samuel Coleridge-Taylor]] {{Countries of Africa}} {{Member states of the African Union}} {{Niger-Congo-speaking}} {{Commonwealth of Nations}} <!--Categories--> [[Kategori:Sierra Leone| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara anggota Uni Afrika]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu basana Basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Komunitas Ékonomi Nagara-nagara Afrika Kulon]] [[Kategori:Anggota Persemakmuran]] [[Kategori:Nagara miskin]] <!--Other languages--> l2jsrgg34r1pvtmr689t9fvmkp5zlsq Kangker 0 23884 729130 660659 2026-09-26T12:45:33Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Disease | Name = Kangker | Image =| Caption = Mun sél normal ruksak sarta teu bisa diropéa deui, mangka ieu sél bakal diancurkeun ku [[apoptosis]] (A). Sél kangker bisa nyingkahan apoptosis sarta terus ngalobaan sacara acak, teu bisa diatur (B). | DiseasesDB = 28843 | ICD10 = | ICD9 = | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001289 | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D009369 | }} '''Kangker''' téh hiji [[kasakit]] mangrupa populasi [[sél]] nu tumuwuh sarta [[pameulahan sél|baranahan]] tanpa nuturkeun watesan normal, ngaranjah sarta ngancurkeun jaringan nu aya di sabudeureunana, sarta bisa nyebar ka loka [[anatomi]] anu jauh dina prosés anu katelah ''[[métastasis]]''. Pasipatan kangker anu [[gangas]] (''malignant'') béda ti [[tumor jinak]] anu tumuwuhna kawates sarta teu ngaranjah atawa métastasis (najan aya sababaraha tipeu tumor anu bisa jadi gangas). Kangker bisa narajang ka sakabéh umur, tapi ilaharna mah résiko katarajang téh beuki gedé luyu jeung nambahna umur.<ref name="Cancer Research UK">{{cite web | last =Cancer Research UK | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =UK cancer incidence statistics by age | work = | publisher = | date =Jan 2007 | url =http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/incidence/age/ | format = | doi = | accessdate =2007-06-25 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20120818115015/http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/incidence/age/ | archivedate =2012-08-18 }}</ref> Kiwari, 13% nu maot téh alatan kangker.<ref name="WHO">{{cite web | last =WHO | first = | authorlink =World Health Organization | coauthors = | title =Cancer | work = | publisher =World Health Organization | date =Péb 2006 | url =http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/ | format = | doi = | accessdate =2007-06-25 }}</ref> Ampir sakabéh kangker téh alatan abnormalitas [[génom|bahan genetik]] sél anu ngalaman [[transformasi gangas|transformasi]]. Abnormalitas ieu bisa jadi balukar ayana [[karsinogén]], kayaning [[haseup bako]], [[radiasi éléktromagnétik|radiasi]], [[bahan kimia]], atawa [[kuman]]. Abnormalitas génétik lianna anu bisa ngabalukarkeun kangker bisa ogé alatan kasalahan nalika [[réplikasi DNA]] atawa [[cacad genetik|turunan]], antukna aya di sakabéh sél ti barang bray ka alam dunya. Interaksi anu pajeulit antara karsinogén jeung [[génom]] inang bisa mangaruhan tumuwuh/henteuna kangker. Jihat séjén anu ayeuna keur haneut-haneutna ditalungtik nyaéta ngeunaan génétika patogenesis kangker, hususna [[métilasi DNA]] jeung [[mikroRNA]]. Abnormalitas génétik nu aya dina kangker sacara husus mangaruhan dua kelas gén. ''[[Onkogén]]'' anu ngarojong-kangker mideng jadi aktif dina sél-sél kangker, antukna ieu sél mibanda pasipatan anyar, kayaning tumuwuh & baranahanana hiperaktif, ngalawan [[apoptosis|program paéh sél]], ngaleungitkeun wates jaringan, sarta bisa hirup dina rupa-rupa kaayaan/lingkungan jaringan. Dina sél kangker, ''[[gén suprésor tumor]]'' mindeng jadi teu aktif, ngabalukarkeun leungitna fungsi sél anu normal, misalna baé réplikasi DNA jadi teu ciples (teu akurat), [[daur sél]] jadi teu kakontrol, oriéntasi & adhési dina jaringan jadi robah, sarta pegatna interaksi jeung sél-sél dina [[sistem imun]]. Kangker biasana digolongkeung dumasar asal sél kangkerna sarta tipeu sél normalna (perenah jeung [[histologi]]na). Ieu kasakit didiagnosis dumasar hasil uji histologis spésimén [[biopsi]] jaringan ku [[patologi anatomi|ahli patologi]], sanajan totondén awal kagangasanana bisa ogé kapanggih dumasar gambar radiografi. Ieu kasakit lolobana bisa diubaran, gumantung kana tipeu, perenah, jeung [[hambalan kangker|hambalanana]]. Mun geus kapanggih, kangker biasana ditatambaan ku cara di[[bedah]], [[kémoterapi]], jeung [[terapi radiasi|radioterapi]]. Luyu jeung kamekaran panalungtikan, natambaan kangker téh beuki spésifik pikeun rupa-rupa kangker, antukna bisa ngurangan karuksakan sél-sél anu normalna. == Klasifikasi == === Ngaran === Di handap ieu istilah-istilah anu dalit jeung kamekaran anu teu normal: * '''[[Néoplasia|Néoplasm]]''': istilah ilmiah anu nujul ka pameulahan/proliferasi abnormal sél anu robah génétikna. * '''Néoplasm gangas''' (''malignant neoplasm''):''' sarua jeung kangker. * '''[[Tumor]]:''' hartina lega, bisa bareuh naon waé. Tapi, sacara husus tumor biasana nujul ka '''néoplasm solid'''; sababaraha néoplasm, misalan waé kangker getih, henteu solid (padet, kaku). * '''[[Tumor jinak]]''' (''benign tumor''): tumor (néoplasm solid) anu tumuwuhna bisa ngawatesan manéh sarta teu ngaranjah jaringan séjén atawa [[métastasis|ngamétastasis]]. * '''Pra-gangas''' (''pre-malignancy''): néoplasm non-invasif nu teu ngabentuk massa, tapi bisa jadi kangker mun henteu ditatambaan. Néoplasm pra-gangas bisa némbongkeun parobahan mikroskopis, misalna [[displasia]] atawa [[atipia]]. Kangker diklasifikasi dumasar tipeu sél (asal jaringan) anu ngawangun tumorna. Contona, di antarana: * '''[[Karsinoma]]''' (''carcinoma''): tumor gangas nu diturunkeun tina sél [[épitélium|épitél]]. Golongan ieu ngawakilan kangker anu paling umum, ngawengku [[kangker pinareup]], [[kangker prostat|prostat]], [[kangker bayah|bayah]], jeung [[kangker kolon]]. * '''[[Sarkoma]]''' (''sarcoma''): tumor gangas anu diturunkeun tina [[jaringan konéktif]] atawa sél-sél [[mésénkim]]. * '''[[Limpoma]]''' (''lymphoma'') jeung '''[[leukemia]]''': kagangasan diturunkeun ti sél hématopoiétik (nu ngabentuk [[getih]]). * '''[[Tumor sél bibit]]''' (''germ cell tumor''): tumor diturunkeun tina sél [[totipotén]]. Di nu sawawa, mindeng kapanggih dina [[téstis]] jeung [[ovarium]]; dina janin, orok, jeung budak leutik, biasana kapanggih dina ''midline'', utamana dina tungtung ''tailbone''. * '''Tumor blastik''' (''blastic tumor''): tumor (biasana gangas) nu ngawangun jaringan émbrionik nu teu asak.<!-- Malignant tumors are usually named using the Latin or Greek root of the organ of origin as a prefix and the above category name as the suffix. For instance, a malignant tumor of the liver is called ''hepatocarcinoma''; a malignant tumor of the fat cells is called ''liposarcoma''. For common cancers, the English organ name is used. For instance, the most common type of [[breast cancer]] is called ''ductal carcinoma of the breast'' or ''mammary ductal carcinoma''. Here, the adjective ''ductal'' refers to the appearance of the cancer under the microscope, resembling normal breast ducts. Benign tumors are named using '''-oma''' as a suffix with the organ name as the root. For instance, a benign tumor of the smooth muscle of the uterus is called ''leiomyoma'' (the common name of this frequent tumor is ''fibroid''). However, some cancers also use this prefix for historical reasons, examples being [[melanoma]] and [[seminoma]]. ===Adult cancers=== In the U.S. and other developed countries, cancer is presently responsible for about 25% of all deaths.<ref name="CACancerJClin2005-Jemal"> {{cite journal | author=Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, Samuels A, Tiwari RC, Ghafoor A, Feuer EJ, Thun MJ | title=Cancer statistics, 2005 | journal=CA Cancer J Clin | year=2005 | pages=10-30 | volume=55 | issue=1 | url=http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/content/full/55/1/10 | id=PMID 15661684}}</ref> On a yearly basis, 0.5% of the population is diagnosed with cancer. The statistics below are for adults in the United States, and may vary substantially in other countries: {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | <big>Male</big> | rowspan="7" | ! colspan="2" | <big>Female</big> |- ! width="170px" | most common !! width="170px" | cause of death<ref name="CACancerJClin2005-Jemal" /> ! width="170px" | most common !! width="170px" | cause of death<ref name="CACancerJClin2005-Jemal" /> |- |[[prostate cancer]] (33%) || lung cancer (31%) || [[breast cancer]] (32%) || lung cancer (27%) |- | [[lung cancer]] (13%) || prostate cancer (10%) || lung cancer (12%) || breast cancer (15%) |- | [[colorectal cancer]] (10%) || colorectal cancer (10%) || colorectal cancer (11%) || colorectal cancer (10%) |- | [[bladder cancer]] (7%) || [[pancreatic cancer]] (5%) || [[endometrial cancer]] (6%) || [[ovarian cancer]] (6%) |- | cutaneous [[melanoma]] (5%) || [[leukemia]] (4%) || [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] (4%) || pancreatic cancer (6%) |} ===Childhood cancers=== Cancer can also occur in young children and adolescents, but it is rare. Some studies have concluded that pediatric cancers, especially [[leukemia]], are on an upward trend.<ref name="Haematologica2005-Dalmasso"> {{cite journal | author=Dalmasso P, Pastore G, Zuccolo L, Maule MM, Pearce N, Merletti F, Magnani C | title=Temporal trends in the incidence of childhood leukemia, lymphomas and solid tumors in north-west Italy,. A report of the Childhood Cancer Registry of Piedmont | journal=Haematologica | year=2005 | pages=1197-204 | volume=90 | issue=9 | id=PMID}}</ref><ref name="IntJCancer2005-Agha">{{cite journal | author=Agha M, Dimonte B, Greenberg M, Greenberg C, Barr R, McLaughlin JR | title=Incidence trends and projections for childhood cancer in Ontario | journal=Int J Cancer | year=2005 | pages= | volume= | id=PMID}}</ref> The age of peak incidence of cancer in children occurs during the first year of life. [[Leukemia]] (usually [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia|ALL]]) is the most common infant malignancy (30%), followed by the [[brain tumor|central nervous system cancers]] and [[neuroblastoma]]. The remainder consists of [[Wilms' tumor]], [[lymphoma]]s, [[rhabdomyosarcoma]] (arising from muscle), [[retinoblastoma]], [[osteosarcoma]] and [[Ewing's sarcoma]].<ref name="CACancerJClin2005-Jemal" /> [[Teratoma]] is the most common tumor in this age group, but most teratomas are surgically removed while still benign. Female and male infants have essentially the same overall cancer incidence rates, but white infants have substantially higher cancer rates than black infants for most cancer types. Relative survival for infants is very good for neuroblastoma, [[Wilms' tumor]] and [[retinoblastoma]], and fairly good (80%) for leukemia, but not for most other types of cancer. --> == Rujukan == * Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris. ''[[:en:Cancer|Cancer]]''. Dicutat 2007-09-12. {{reflist|2}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Ongkologi|*]] [[Kategori:Sabab paéh]] [[Kategori:Patologi]] [[Kategori:Tipeu kangker]] mh1sgxn9f0zjqcdtt86g2sunj07mm52 Kabupatén Sérang 0 24027 729087 711159 2026-09-26T12:08:39Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 11 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = {{raise|0.1em|Kabupatén Sérang}} | native_name = | native_name_lang = su | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Daptar kabupatén jeung kota di Indonésia|Kabupaten]] | translit_lang1 = | translit_lang1_type2 = [[Aksara Sunda]] | translit_lang1_info2 = {{lang|su|ᮞᮦᮛᮀ}} | translit_lang1_type1 = [[Basa Indonésia]] | translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|id|Kabupaten Serang}} | translit_lang1_type4 = [[Cacarakan]] | translit_lang1_info4 = ꦱꦺꦫꦁ | translit_lang1_type3 = [[Pegon]] | translit_lang1_info3 = سيراڠ | image_skyline = Rawa Danau Banten Indonesia.jpg | image_caption = Pamandangan rawa dano anu mangrupakeun bagean ti Cagar Alam Rawa Danau | image_seal = Seal of Serang Regency.svg | nickname = | motto = ''Sepi ing Pamrih Rame ing Gawe''<br /> ([[basa Jawa|Jawa]]: Sumanget Ngabakti Tanpa Miharep Pamrih) | image_map = Locator Kabupaten Serang.png | mapsize = | map_caption = Lokasi di [[Banten]] | pushpin_map = Indonésia_Serang#Indonésia_Jawa#Indonésia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi di Kabupaten Serang, [[Jawa]] jeung [[Indonésia]] |latd=6 |latm=9 |lats=0 |latNS=S |longd=106 |longm=0 |longs=0 |longEW=E | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_format = dms | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Daptar nagara|Nagara]] | subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|Indonésia|size=23px}}}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Régional di Indonésia|Région]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Jawa]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Propinsi]] | subdivision_type3 = Ibukota | subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Banten, Indonesia.svg|size=23px}} [[Banten]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Ciruas, Serang|Ciruas]] | established_title = dasar hukum | established_date = Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Tingkat II Serang No.17 Tahun 1985 | established_title1 = Tanggal | established_date1 = {{birth date and age|1526|10|8}}<ref>{{cite web | title=SEJARAH SINGKAT KABUPATEN SERANG | website=Website Resmi Kabupaten Serang | date=9 Oktober 2022 | url=https://serangkab.go.id/sejarah | access-date=27 Pebruari 2023 | accessdate=2023-02-27 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009144021/https://serangkab.go.id/sejarah | archivedate=2022-10-09 }}</ref> | parts_type = | parts = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | governing_body = Pamaréntah Daérah Kabupatén Sérang | leader_title = [[Bupati]] | leader_name = [[Ratu Tatu Chasanah|Hj. Ratu Tatu Chasanah, SE, M.Ak]] | leader_title1 = [[Wakil Bupati]] | leader_name1 = [[Pandji Tirtayasa]] | total_type = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite book |last= BPS Kabupaten Serang |url= https://serangkab.bps.go.id/indicator/12/30/1/jumlah-penduduk-kabupaten-serang-menurut-kelompok-umur.html |title= Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Serang 2020 |year= 2020 |publisher= BPS Kabupaten Serang |page= 1 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221009144021/https://serangkab.bps.go.id/indicator/12/30/1/jumlah-penduduk-kabupaten-serang-menurut-kelompok-umur.html |archive-date= 2022-10-09 |accessdate= 2023-02-27 }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 1469,66 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_total = 1684566 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2021|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=9 Oktober 2022|format=Visual|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|archivedate=2022-07-05}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_title1 = | timezone1 = [[Wanci di Indonésia|Indonésia Bagéan Kulon]] | utc_offset1 = +7 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = [[Daptar kode pos di Indonésia|Kode pos]] | postal_code = 401xx, 402xx, 406xx | area_code = 0254 | area_code_type = [[Daptar kode telepon di Indonésia|Kode aréa]] | registration_plate = A ''xxxx'' A*/B*/C*/D* <small>([[Baros, Serang|Baros]], [[Ciomas, Serang|Ciomas]], [[Kramatwatu, Serang|Kramatwatu]], [[Pabuaran, Serang|Pabuaran]], [[Padarincang, Serang|Padarincang]], [[Waringinkurung, Serang|Waringinkurung]])</small> A ''xxxx'' R*/S*/T*/U* <small>([[Anyar, Serang|Anyar]], [[Bojonegara, Serang|Bojonegara]], [[Cinangka, Serang|Cinangka]], [[Mancak, Serang|Mancak]], [[Puloampel, Serang|Puloampel]])</small> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Indéks Pangwangunan Manusa|IPM]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 66,82 ({{fontcolor|#007B00|Very High}})<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/413/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-menurut-provinsi.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2020-2021|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=27 Pebruari 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201065917/https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/413/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-menurut-provinsi.html|archivedate=2021-12-01}}</ref> | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | blank1_name_sec2 = | blank1_info_sec2 = | website = {{URL|http://www.serangkab.go.id/}} | demographics1_info1 = *[[Urang Sunda]] *[[Urang Jawa Serang]] | demographics1_title2 = [[Ageman]] | demographics1_info2 = [[Islam]] 99,14%<br/> [[Kristen]] 0,80%<br/>- [[Protestan]] 0,65%<br/>- [[Katolik]] 0,16%<br/> Kepercayaan 0%<br/> [[Buddha]] 0,04%<br/> [[Hindu]] 0,02% | pushpin_label = Kabupatén Sérang | registration_plate_type = [[pelat STNK Indonésia|Régistrasi tutumpakan]] }} '''Kabupatén Sérang''' ([[Aksara Sunda Baku|Aksara Sunda]]: ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮦᮛᮀ, [[Arab Sunda]]: كابوفاتَين سَيراڠ) mangrupa salah sahiji [[kabupatén]] di [[Propinsi]] [[Banten]]. Ibukotana [[Baros, Sérang|Baros]]. Kabupatén ieu aya di tungtung kulon kaler [[Pulo Jawa]], wawatesan jeung [[Sagara Jawa]], sarta [[Kota Sérang]] di béh kaler, [[Kabupatén Tangerang]] di wetan, [[Kabupatén Lebak]] di kidul, jeung [[Kota Cilegon]] di kulon. ==Sajarah== [[Banten Heubeul]] nu aya di [[Teluk Banten]] baheulana mangrupa puseur [[Kasultanan Banten]]. Wewengkon ieu mangrupa tempat badaratna [[kapal|kapal-kapal]] [[Walanda]] mendarat untuk mimitinya di Indonésia. Saméméh abad ka-16, teu loba informasi ngeunaan [[Banten]] anu kacatet dina sajarah, cenah mimitina [[Banten]] masih mangrupa bagian ti [[Karajaan Sunda]], nu ngawasa Banten harita nyaéta [[:id:Kabupaten Serang|Raga Mulya]]Prabu Pucuk Umum, putra [[Prabu Sidaraja]] [[Pakuan Pajajaran|Pajajaran]]. Puseur pamaréntahanana aya di Banten Girang (± 3 Km kiduleun Kota Serang) dina abad ka-6, Islam mimiti asup ka [[Banten]] anu didakwakeun ku [[Sultan Syarif Hidayatullah]] (katelah [[Sunan Gunung Jati]]) anu laun-laun mekarkeun agama Islam di [[Banten]] jeung sabudeureunana. .sarta bisa nalukkeun pamaréntahan [[Raja Pucuk Jendral]] (Taun 1524-1525 M). Saterasna anjeunna ngadegkeun [[Kasultanan Islam]] di [[Banten]] kalayan ngangkat putrana anu namina [[Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin]] janten [[Sultan Banten]] munggaran anu maréntah salila ± 18 taun (1552-1570 M). Atas prakarsa Sunan Gunung Jati, puseur pamaréntahan anu tadina aya di Banten Girang dipindahkeun ka Surosowan, Banten Lama (Banten lor) anu perenahna ± 10 Km kaléreun [[Kota Sérang|Kota Serang.]] Saparantos [[Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin]] pupus (1570), anjeunna digentos ku putrana anu namina [[Sultan Maulana Yusuf]] janten [https://diskominfosatik.serangkab.go.id/ Sultan Banten] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228073456/https://diskominfosatik.serangkab.go.id/ |date=2023-02-28 }} kadua (1570-1580 M) teras diganti ku anu katilu, kaopat sareng saterasna dugi ka ahirna Sultan ka-21, nyaeta [[Sultan. Muhammad Shafiuddin]] anu maréntah ti taun 1809 nepi ka 1813. Mangsa [[Kasultanan Islam]] di [[Banten]] lumangsung salila ± 264 taun, nyaéta ti taun 1552 nepi ka 1813. Dina jaman [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah|Kasultanan]] loba kajadian penting, utamana dina ahir abad ka-16 (Juni 1596), Kompeni (waktu harita pausahaan katelah "Pausahaan" ku urang Banten jeung sakabeh karajaan di [[Nusantara]]) [[Compagnie van Verre]] ti [[Walanda]] mimiti datang.mimiti badarat di [[Palabuhan Banten]] dipingpin ku [[Cornelis de Houtman]] kalawan niat dagang. Tapi, sikep angkuh masarakat [[Walanda]] henteu narik simpati ti pamaréntah jeung masarakat [[Banten]] harita, nepi ka mindeng timbul téga antara masarakat Banten jeung Kompeni Walanda. Dina waktos éta, Sultan anu jumeneng di [[Banten]] nyaéta Sultan ka-4, nyaéta [[Sultan Abdul Mufakhir]] anu yuswana masih lima bulan, sedengkeun anu jadi bupatina nyaéta [[Mangkubumi Jayanegara]] anu maot engké taun 1602 diganti ku lanceukna YudhaNagara. Taun 1608 Pangeran Ranamanggala diangkat jadi Patih Mangkubumi. Sultan Abdul Mufakir nyokot kakawasaan pinuh ti 1624-1651 kalawan [[Pangeran Ranamagala]] salaku [[Patik|Patih]] sarta panasehat utama na. [[Sultan Banten]] anu ka-6 nyaéta [[Sultan Abdul Fatah]], incu Sultan ka-5 anu katelah Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa anu nyekel tampuk [[Pamaréntahan daérah|pamaréntahan]] ti taun 1651-1680 (salami ± 30 taun). Dina mangsa pamaréntahanna, [[widang pulitik]], ékonomi, perdagangan, perkapalan jeung kabudayaan ngembang pesat sarta kalawan pengkuh ngalawan Kompeni [[Walanda]]. Atas jasa [[kapahlawananna]] dina perjuangan ngalawan Kompeni Walanda, dumasar kana SK Presiden RI, [[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa]] dilélér gelar kahormatan [[Pahlawan Nasional Indonésia|Pahlawan Nasional.]] Dina mangsa [[pamaréntahan Sultan]] ka-6, sering pasea jeung perang jeung [[Pausahaan VOC]] ti Walanda anu harita kungsi maréntah di Batavia. Ku jalan divide et impera pulitik, utamana dilaksanakeun antara Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa anu anti Pausahaan jeung putrana Sultan Abdul Kahar (katelah Sultan Haji) anu pro-Pausahaan Walanda, bisa ngalumpuhkeun kakawasaan Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa ahirna teu daya teu upaya sarta mundur ka pedalaman [[Banten]]. Sanajan kitu, ku persuasi Sultan Haji, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa ditéwak lajeng ditahan sarta dibui di Batavia nepi ka pupusna taun 1692. Sanajan kitu, sanajan Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa geus wafat, perjuangan ngalawan Kompeni Walanda terus mekar sarta dituluykeun ku pengikut satia anu pengkuh tur teu nyerah. Ti saprak [[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa]] pupus, kasultanan Banten mimiti nyirorot, sabab [[Sultan Haji jeung]] Sultan-sultan di handapna geus mimiti kapangaruhan ku pausahaan Walanda sahingga pamaréntahanana mimiti teu stabil jeung lemah. Taun 1816, Hindia Walanda dipingpin ku Gubernur Jéndral [[Godert Alexander Gerard Philip baron van der Capellen|Van Der Capellen]] datang ka Banten sarta ngawasa Banten ti Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin. Hindia Walanda ngabagi wewengkon jadi tilu wewengkon (Walanda: Regentschap), nyaéta; Serang, Lebak jeung Caringin jeung kepala nagarana disebut Bupati salaku Bupati munggaran pikeun Serang diangkat Pangeran Aria Adi Santika kalawan puseur pamaréntahanana masih aya di karaton Kaibon. Tanggal 3 Maret 1942, Tentara Jepang asup ka Wewengkon Serang di [[Basisir Bojonegara]] (Jepang mimiti daratang di Nusantara ngaliwatan Pulo Tarahan). Urang Jepang ngarebut Karesidenan Banten dina basa Walanda: Bantam Residentie anu harita dikawasa ku Hindia Walanda, sedengkeun Bupatina tetep ti pribumi, nyaéta RM Jayadiningkrat. Kakuasaan Jepang lumangsung salila kira tilu satengah taun. Sanggeus tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, kakawasaan [[Karesidenan Banten]] diliwatan ti leungeun [[Jepang]] ka [[Indonésia|Republik Indonésia]] sarta K.H. Tb. Achmad Chatib ogé [[Bupati Sérang]] nyaéta KH. Syam'un, sedengkeun pikeun kalungguhan Wedana jeung Camat loba anu diangkat ti Pimpinan Ulama. Ku datangna Tentara Walanda ka Indonésia anu ngabalukarkeun Agresi Kahiji kira-kira taun 1964-1947. Wewengkon Banten (utamana wewengkon [[Serang]]) jadi wewengkon blokade anu bisa salamet tina asupna invasi [[Walanda]], sarta megatkeun hubungan jeung pamaréntah puseur, anu dina waktu Indonésia geus ngawangun nagara féderal Republik Indonésia kalawan ibukotana. di Kota Yogyakarta, sangkan wewengkon Banten, kalawan idin pamarentah pusat, nyitak duit sorangan, nya eta Oeang Republik Indonesia, Wewengkon [[Banten]], anu katelah "ORIDAB". Dina tanggal 19 Desember 1948, Agresi Kadua anyar ti Prajurit [[Walanda]] bisa asup ka Wewengkon [[Serang]] salila sataun sarta sanggeus KMD taun 1949, Walanda ninggalkeun wewengkon [[Banten/Serang]] deui, anu saterusna Wewengkon [[Serang]] jadi salah sahiji Kabupaten. Wewengkon di Propinsi Jawa Barat. Ayeuna, saprak 4 Oktober 2000, [[Propinsi Banten]] kabentuk, [[:id:Kabupaten Serang|Kabupatén Serang]] geus resmi jadi bagian ti [[Propinsi Banten]]. Saterusna saprak ngadegna Bupati atawa Kantor Bupati dina taun 1826 nepi ka ayeuna, geus aya 32 parobahan bupati. Dumasar kana Peraturan Daerah Tingkat II Kacamatan Serang Nomer 17 Taun 1985 ngeunaan Hari Jadi Kabupaten Serang, dina Bab II Penetapan Pasal 2 Hari Jadi, nyaéta: Hari Jadi [https://diskominfosatik.serangkab.go.id/ Kabupaten Serang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228073456/https://diskominfosatik.serangkab.go.id/ |date=2023-02-28 }} ditetepkeun tanggal 8 Oktober 1526.[https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Serang] ==Géografi== Sabagéan gedé wewengkon Kabupatén Serang mangrupa dataran handap, kajaba di wates jeung [[Kabupatén Pandeglang]] aya rangkaian pagunungan, nu punclutna [[Gunung Karang]] (1.778 m). == Topografi == Sacara topografis, [[:id:Kabupaten Serang|Kabupatén Serang]] mangrupa wewengkon dataran rendah jeung pagunungan anu luhurna antara 0 nepi ka 1.778 m di luhur permukaan laut. Fisiografi Kacamatan Serang ti kaler ka kidul diwangun ku rawa pasang surut, rawa musiman, dataran, pasir jeung pagunungan. Beulah kalér mangrupa wewengkon nu datar tur loba sumebar ka basisir, iwal di sabudeureun Gunung Sawi, Gunung Ngalayang jeung Gunung Batusipat. Ti beulah kidul nepi ka kulon, [[Kabupatén Serang]] téh pagunungan jeung pagunungan, kaasup di sabudeureun Gunung Kancana, Gunung Karang jeung Gunung Gedé. Wewengkon undulating disebarkeun antara dua bentuk wewengkon. Ampir sakabéh lahan [[:id:Kabupaten Serang|Kabupatén Serang]] mangrupa wewengkon anu subur lantaran sabagian gedé lahanna katutupan ku [[Taneuh Sédimén]] Aluvial jeung [[Batuan Vulkanik Kuarter.]] Potensi ieu ditambah ku ayana loba walungan gedé jeung penting, nya éta Walungan Ciujung, Walungan Cidurian, Walungan Cibanten, [[Walungan Cipaseuran]], Walungan Ci Pasang jeung Walungan Anyar anu ngarojong kasuburan wewengkon tatanén di [[Kabupatén Serang.|Kabupatén Serang]]<ref name="Kabupaten Serang">{{Cite journal|date=2023-02-22|title=Kabupaten Serang|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Serang&oldid=22997210|language=id}}</ref>[[Kabupatén Serang.|.]] ==Babagian administratif== Kabupatén Serang ngawengku 26 [[kacamatan]], nu dibagi deui kana sababaraha [[desa]] jeung [[kalurahan]]. Puseur pamaréntahannana aya di Kacamatan [[Baros, Sérang|Baros]], nu ayana 20&nbsp;km ti basisir [[Teluk Banten]]. Tanggal [[17 Agustus]] [[2007]] Kabupatén Serang dimekarkeun jadi Kota Serang jeung Kabupatén Serang. Kacamatan nu kawengku ku Kota Serang nyaéta Kacamatan Kota Serang, Kacamatan Cipocok Jaya, Kacamatan Walantaka, Kacamatan Kasemen, Kacamatan Taktakan, jeung Kacamatan Curug ==Transportasi== Serang diliwatan ku [[jalan Nagara]] lintas [[Jakarta]]-[[Merak]], sarta diliwatan ku jalur [[kareta api]] lintas Jakarta-Merak. Posisi kabupatén ieu kacida strategisna, sabab aya di jalur utama nu ngahubungkeun lintas Jawa-Sumatera. [[Palabuan Merak]] mangrupa titik panyabrangan antara pulo Jawa jeung [[Sumatra Kalér|Sumatra.]] ==== '''Angkutan''' ==== Karéta Lokal Merak Meacock-Rangkasbitung 1.Trans Seragon 2: Banten Lama-Baros 3: Kabupatén Alamanda-Pabuaran Busway Pioneer[''merlukeun rujukan''] 1: Tanara-Jungking 2: Gunung Sari-Mancak 3: Pamarayan-Kibin Angkutan Kota pikeun Wilayah Kabupatén Sérang jeung sababaraha jalur anu ngahubungkeun [[Kota Sérang]] ka wewengkon [https://diskominfosatik.serangkab.go.id/ industri sapatu PT Nikomas Gemilang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228073456/https://diskominfosatik.serangkab.go.id/ |date=2023-02-28 }} di wewengkon Kibin.[https://diskominfosatik.serangkab.go.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228073456/https://diskominfosatik.serangkab.go.id/ |date=2023-02-28 }} === '''Stasion''' === Kabupatén Serang miboga 4 stasion [[Karéta api|Karéta Api]] Lokal Merak anu masih kénéh beroperasi, diantarana: Stasion Tonjong Anyar Stasion Cikesal Stasion Catang Stasion Jambu Anyar Salian ti éta, Kabupatén Serang ogé ngabogaan 5 stasion anu eureun beroperasi alatan jalur anu teu aktif, nyaéta: Stasion Silebu Stasion Kidul Anyer Stasion Anyer Lor Stasion Pasir Manggu Stasion Jambu [[Lama, Sei Lepan, Langkat|Lama]] === '''Jalan tol''' === Jalan Tol Jakarta-Merak Jalan Tol Tangerang-[[Merak]] Tol Serang-[[Panimbangjaya, Panimbang, Pandéglang|Panimbang]]<ref name="Kabupaten Serang"/> == Kacamatan pilot Carenang di Serang == Bupati Serang [[Ratu Tatu Chasanah]] leuwih merhatikeun [[Kacamatan Carenang]] lantaran mampuh berinovasi dina nguatkeun ékonomi masarakat. Rupa-rupa inovasi dilakonan, ti mimiti hasil budidaya nila, ngolah runtah, nepi ka nyieun bahan sandang tina sistem ecoprint.[https://serangkab.go.id/berita/sukses-berinovasi-bupati-serang-jadikan-carenang-kecamatan-percontohan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220032614/https://serangkab.go.id/berita/sukses-berinovasi-bupati-serang-jadikan-carenang-kecamatan-percontohan |date=2023-02-20 }} Kumaha abdi inovasi [[Kacamatan Carenang]]. Nyaéta, ngabudidayakeun [[nila kalawan]] sistem [[bioflok]], nyieun [[batik ecoprint,]] ngamangpaatkeun runtah organik ku cara nyieun ékoénzim, ngolah [[kombucha]], jeung ngamangpaatkeun runtah plastik ku nyieun rupa-rupa produk siap dipaké disebut sistem [[ecobrick.]] [https://serangkab.go.id/berita/sukses-berinovasi-bupati-serang-jadikan-carenang-kecamatan-percontohan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220032614/https://serangkab.go.id/berita/sukses-berinovasi-bupati-serang-jadikan-carenang-kecamatan-percontohan |date=2023-02-20 }} Anjeunna maréntahkeun ka sakumna camat pikeun ngalaksanakeun inovasi jeung kagiatan pemberdayaan ékonomi, anu mampuh ngurangan [[kamiskinan]] jeung [[pangangguran.]] ==Pangeusi== Jumlah pangeusi Kabupatén Serang kaasup Kota Serang 1.786.000 (2003), sabagéan gedé dumuk di béh kaler. Basa nu dipaké nyaéta Basa Sunda nu dipaké di béh kidul, sarta Basa Jawa [[Dialek Banten]], atawa katelah [[Basa Jawa Sérang]] nu lolobananana dipaké di wewengkon basisir kaler. == Kaséhatan == Numutkeun kana data ti Kamenterian Kaséhatan Republik Indonésia, aya genep Rumah Sakit Umum (RSU) anu diwangun di ieu kota. Lamun diurutkeun dumasar kapamilikanana, Rumah Sakit Swasta aya hiji (RS Kurnia Serang), nu dibiayaan pamaréntah Kabupatén aya hiji (RSUD dr. Drajat Prawiranegara), jeung nu dikokolakeun ku pausahaan aya opat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sirs.kemkes.go.id/fo/home/dashboard_rs?id=36|title=Jumlah Rumah Sakit di Kabupatén Sérang|website=Ditjen Yankes Kemkes|publisher=Kementerian Kaséhatan Republik Indonésia|accessdate=28 Pebruari 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227134328/https://sirs.kemkes.go.id/fo/home/dashboard_rs?id=36|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> == Wisata == Aya sababaraha tempat wisata anu lokasina aya di Kabupatén ieu, diantarana nyaéta: * Gunung Pinang, nyaéta wisata alam anu mangrupakeun dataran luhur kurang leuwih 300 méter dpl anu perenahna di Désa Pejatén, Kacamatan Kramatwatu, Kabupatén Serang. Ti handap ka luhur merlukeun jarak ''trekking'' kira-kira 2 kilométer. Gunung Pinang oge mangrupakeun bagean tina [[Cagar Alam Rawa Danau]] anu taneuhna dilindungi. Kabeh lahan di dieu dikokolakeun ku pausahaan publik [[Perhutani]], Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan atawa KPH Banten.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.perhutani.co.id/wisata-alam-di-kabupaten-serang-yang-sedang-hit-gunung-pinang-dan-paninjauan-mancak-dengan-spot-pegunungan/|title=Wisata Alam di Kabupaten Serang Yang sedang Hit, Gunung Pinang dan Paninjauan Mancak Dengan Spot Pegunungan|last=Jaya|first=Hendra|website=Perhutani|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227213929/https://www.perhutani.co.id/wisata-alam-di-kabupaten-serang-yang-sedang-hit-gunung-pinang-dan-paninjauan-mancak-dengan-spot-pegunungan/|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> * [[Gambar:Anyer.jpeg|jmpl|pamandangan laut jeung panon poe senja anu dicokot ti basisir pantai Anyer.]]Pantai Anyer, nyaéta hiji basisir anu aya di beulaheun kulon Propinsi [[Banten]] anu padeukeut jeung Selat Sunda, kira-kira 133 kilométer ti ibukota Jakarta. Salian pintonan laut jeung keusik bodas, Pantai Anyer ogé nyadiakeun wahana ''surfing'' jeung ''snorkeling.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dispar.bantenprov.go.id/home|title=Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Banten|website=dispar.bantenprov.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127155800/https://dispar.bantenprov.go.id/home|archivedate=2022-11-27}}</ref> * Danau Tasikardi, mangrupakeun lokasi wisata ogé mangrupa situs bersejarah di Kabupatén Serang. Lokasina aya di Kampung Kamasan, Désa Margasana, Kacamatan Kramatwatu, atawa kira-kira 6 kilométer ti Kota Serang ka beulah kulon. [[Situ]] Tasirkadi mangrupa waduk cai nu legana 5 héktar, anu baheula dipaké pikeun irigasi ka Karaton Surosowan. Dina sajarahna, ieu situ diwangun dina mangsa Kasultanan Banten dipingpin ku Sultan Maulana Yusuf taun 1570. Dibantuan ku arsiték Walanda Hendrick Lucaz Cardeel, proyék ieu réngsé dina taun 1580. Situ Tasikardi sorangan dicokot tina basa Sunda nu hartina situ jieunan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kabarbanten.pikiran-rakyat.com/seputar-banten/pr-592374839/mengenal-danau-tasikardi-dengan-pulau-keputren-tempat-bertafakur-ibu-sultan-hingga-rekreasi-keluarga|title=Mengenal Danau Tasikardi dengan Pulau Keputren, Tempat Bertafakur Ibu Sultan Hingga Rekreasi Keluarga|last=Rahmawati|first=Frely|website=kabarbanten.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227213927/https://kabarbanten.pikiran-rakyat.com/seputar-banten/pr-592374839/mengenal-danau-tasikardi-dengan-pulau-keputren-tempat-bertafakur-ibu-sultan-hingga-rekreasi-keluarga|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> * [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Rawa Danau TMnr 60016518.jpg|jmpl|Poto ti luhur wewengkon Rawa Danau anu dicokot antara taun 1915 nepi ka 1916]]Rawa Dano, nyaéta rawa nu dikurilingan ku lebak héjo. Baheula, danau ieu mangrupakeun bagian tina gunung seuneuan anu geus teu aktif deui. Sababaraha fauna anu bisa kapanggih di sabudeureun éta rawa nyaéta musang, elang, jeung monyét. Rawa Dano mangrupakeun hiji-hijina rawa pagunungan anu masih aya di Pulo Jawa, sarta dijadikeun wewengkon konservasi endemik Cagar Alam Rawa Danau anu legana 2.500 héktar saprak 16 Nopémber 1921. Rawa Dano perenahna di Désa Harvestjolan, Désa Luwuk, Kacamatan Gunung Sari, kira-kira 123 kilométer ti Ibu Kota Jakarta. wewengkon di sabudeureun situ mangrupakeun taneuh perkebunan subur anu ngahasilkeun rupa-rupa bungbuahan contona cau, mangga, kacapi, rambutan, jambu cai, jambu abut, salak, nanas, gedang, suuk, ubi jalar jeung sampeu. wisatawan ogé bisa ngarasakeun durian has Mancak langsung tina tangkalna, atawa tina padagang anu hargana leuwih murah dibandingkeun di pasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dispar.bantenprov.go.id/Destinasi/topic/112|title=Menelusuri Lembah Hijau Rawa Dano {{!}} Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Banten|website=dispar.bantenprov.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127155404/https://dispar.bantenprov.go.id/Destinasi/topic/112|archivedate=2022-11-27}}</ref> '''Bupati Serang: Tujuan Utama MTQ Membentengi Pemuda dengan Alquran'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://serangkab.go.id/berita/bupati-serang-tujuan-utama-mtq-membentengi-pemuda-dengan-alquran|title=bupati serang|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228073750/https://serangkab.go.id/berita/bupati-serang-tujuan-utama-mtq-membentengi-pemuda-dengan-alquran|archive-date=2023-02-28|access-date=2023-02-28}}</ref> [https://serangkab.go.id/berita/bupati-serang-tujuan-utama-mtq-membentengi-pemuda-dengan-alquran Bupati Sérang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228073750/https://serangkab.go.id/berita/bupati-serang-tujuan-utama-mtq-membentengi-pemuda-dengan-alquran |date=2023-02-28 }} Ratu Tatu Chasanah negeskeun tujuan utama MTQ, nya éta nguatkeun, paham jeung ngamalkeun Al-Qur’an hususna keur nonoman. "Salain pasanggiri, anu leuwih penting mah masarakat Kabupatén Serang bisa maca, paham jeung ngamalkeun eusi Al-Qur'an. Ieu syiar Islam, pasemon Al-Qur'an, lain saukur meunang jeung meunang," ceuk Tatu ka wartawan. Nurutkeun Tatu, dina MTQ di tingkat Kabupatén Sérang ogé kudu ngahasilkeun qariah anu bisa ngawakilan Kabupatén Sérang di tingkat Propinsi Banten jeung sacara nasional. Tapi kudu jadi udagan utama, kumaha sakumna umat Islam di Kabupatén Serang bisa maca Al Qur’an. "Teu kedah aya urang Kabupatén Serang anu teu ngaos Al Qur'an di daerah terpencil. Ieu kawajiban urang sadayana, disarengan ku ustadz, ulama, sareng hakim anu linggih di dieu," pokna. Saupama sakumna pihak nguatkeun impleméntasi eusi Al-Qur’an di tengah masarakat, Tatu miharep, karakter jeung ahlak barudak Kabupatén Sérang bisa nyaring pangaruh globalisasi. "Ayeuna jaman globalisasi, aya hal positif jeung negatif. Urang terus nguatkeun pamahaman jeung amalan Al Qur'an urang salaku benteng iman. Urang kudu ngurus generasi nu bakal datang nu bakal jadi relay pangeusi pangwangunan," ceuk Ketua DPD Partai Golkar Provinsi Banten. Ngeunaan targét MTQ di tingkat [[Propinsi Banten,]] masih kénéh ngaproyeksikan juara umum. "Teu acan peupeus endogna, masih aya di tempat kadua. Mudah-mudahan tiasa janten juara umum deui. Sumangetna tetep janten juara umum," pokna. Ketua LPTQ Kacamatan Serang Nanang Supriatna nétélakeun, MTQ [[Kacamatan Sérang]] mangrupa seleksi pikeun nyanghareupan MTQ tingkat Propinsi Banten. "Leuwih penting, acara MTQ ngabumikeun Al-Qur'an di sakumna warga Kabupatén Serang. Aya sumanget mikanyaah jeung ngamumulé pangaweruh dina Al-Qur'an," pokna. Jumlahna aya 10 cabang anu dilombakeun jeung diiluan ku wawakil ti 29 kacamatan. “Mudah-mudahan bisa mawa barokah ka para tuan rumah Kacamatan Kramatwatu. Saparantos ieu, para juara ogé dilatih ku LPTQ, pikeun nyiapkeun tingkat provinsi,” pokna. Samentara éta Staf Ahli Gubernur Banten, Komari, waktu maca wawacan, Plt [[Gubernur Banten]], Al Muktabar, miharep sangkan aya qari ti Kabupatén Serang anu bisa ngadorong Propinsi Banten jadi jawara nasional. “Di MTQ tingkat nasional, Banten ngalaman lésot lantaran teu meunang lima besar. Ku kituna kami miharep acara MTQ ieu bisa dijadikeun palatihan dina nyanghareupan MTQ nasional,” pokna. Pembukaan MTQ meriah. Unggal wawakil kacamatan némbongkeun kabingahan dina acara ta'aruf. Éta kabéh nargétkeun pikeun jadi juara umum MTQ Kabupaten Serang. Ogé ngariung puluhan stan UMKM anu difasilitasi ku Pamaréntah Kabupatén Sérang. Dilaksanakeun ogé pelantikan majelis hakim anu baris meunteun pamilon MTQ.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-02-25|title=Kota Cilegon|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kota_Cilegon&oldid=23020829|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407120651/https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kota_Cilegon&oldid=23020829|archive-date=2023-04-07|accessdate=2023-02-28}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> {{Kabupatén Sérang}} {{banten}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Banten|Serang]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén Sérang]] [[Kategori:Artikel WikiMekar]] qom9fbi0dxgp1uonqum2sxxsfztduka Koala 0 24542 729204 697701 2026-09-26T15:06:08Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = pink | name = Koala<ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3 Groves|pages=43}}</ref> | status = LR/nt | trend = unknown | status_system = iucn2.3 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2006|assessors=Australasian Marsupial & Monotreme Specialist Group|year=1996|id=16892|title=Phascolarctos cinereus|downloaded=2006-05-09}}</ref> | image = Koala climbing tree.jpg | image_width = 220px | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | infraclassis = [[Marsupial]]ia | ordo = [[Diprotodontia]] | subordo = [[Vombatiformes]] | familia = [[Phascolarctidae]] | genus = ''[[Phascolarctos]]'' | species = '''''P. cinereus''''' | binomial = ''Phascolarctos cinereus'' | binomial_authority = ([[Georg August Goldfuss|Goldfuss]], [[1817]]) }} '''Koala''' ''(Phascolarctos cinereus)'' nyaéta thickset [[herbivora]] [[marsupial]] [[arboreal]] asli [[Australia]], sarta mangrupa wawakil [[kulawarga (biologi)|kulawarga]] [[Phascolarctidae]] nu aya kénéh. {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} Koala kapanggih di wewengkon basisir wetan jeung kidul Australia, ti deukeuteun [[Adelaide]] ka bagéan kidul [[Bojong Cape York]]. Populasina nambahan for considerable distances inland in regions with enough moisture to support suitable woodlands. Koala [[Australia Kidul]] were largely exterminated during the éarly part of the [[20th century]], but the state has since been repopulated with [[Victoria (Australia)|Victorian]] stock. The Koala is not found in [[Tasmania]] or [[Western Australia]]. == Ngaran == The word "koala" comes from the [[Dharuk language|Dharuk]] word ''gula.''<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/61/62/K0096200.html Koala] - [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language|American Heritage Dictionary]]</ref> Closely related words appéar in other [[Australian Aboriginal languages]], including: * The [[Ngunnawal language|Ngunnawal]] of the [[Canberra]] region also call it ''gula''. * In the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Aborigines called Koalas by the word ''Cullawines''. * In the Murray Region, Aborigines called Koalas by the word ''Karbors''. * Other Aboriginal names for Koalas include: Bangaroos, Koolewongs, Narnagoons and Cholos.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burton |first=Barbara |title=The Koala |publisher=Lone Pine Sanctuary & Fisheries and Wildlife Department, Lansdowne Press |location=Melbourne, Australia |year=1974 |isbn=0701801875}}</ref>. It is commonly said that the common name 'Koala' is an Aboriginal word méaning "no drink" although there is no evidence to support this. Koalas do drink water, but only rarely, due to their diet consisting of [[eucalypt|eucalypt leaves]], which contain sufficient water to obviate the need for the Koala to descend to ground level to drink. éarly Européan settlers to Australia called the Koala the '''Native Béar''', and the Koala is still sometimes called the '''Koala Béar''', but it is not a member of the [[bear]] family. It is not even a [[Eutheria|placental]] mammal (which most mammals are)—it is a marsupial. The Koala's scientific name (Phascolarctos cinereus) comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]]: ''phaskolos'' méaning "pouch" and ''arktos'' méaning "bear". The ''cinereus'' epithet is [[Latin]] and méans "ash-coloured". == Variasi == [[Gambar:Koala Kangaroo Island.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Koala wewengkon kidul di [[Pulo Kangguru]], lain asli ti pulo ieu]] Although three [[subspecies]] have been described, these are arbitrary selections from a [[Cline (population genetics)|cline]] and are not generally accepted as valid. Following [[Bergmann's Rule]], southern individuals from the cooler climates are larger. A typical Victorian Koala (formerly ''P. cinereus victor'') has longer, thicker fur, is a darker, softer grey, often with chocolate-brown highlights on the back and foréarms, and has a more prominently light-coloured ventral side and fluffy white éar tufts. Typical and New South Wales Koala weights are 12&nbsp;kg for males and 8.5&nbsp;kg for females. In tropical and sub-tropical [[Queensland]], however, the Koala is smaller (at around 6.5&nbsp;kg for an average male and just over 5&nbsp;kg for an average female), a lighter, often rather scruffy grey in colour, and has shorter, thinner fur. In Queensland the Koala was previously classified as the subspecies ''P. cinereus adustus'', and the intermediate forms in [[New South Wales]] as ''P. cinereus cinereus''. The variation from one form to another is continuous and there are substantial differences between individual Koalas in any given region such as hair colour. The origins of the koala are uncléar, although almost certainly they descended from terrestrial [[wombat]]-like animals. Koala [[fossil]]s are quite rare, but some have been found in northern Australia dating to 20 million yéars ago. During this time, the northern half of Australia was [[rainforest]]. The Koala did not specialise in a diet of eucalypts until the climate cooled and eucalypts forests grew in the place of rainforests. The fossil record indicates that before 50,000 yéars ago, [[Giant Koala]]s inhabited the southern regions of Australia. The Koala fills the same ecological role as the [[sloth]] of South America. == Deskripi fisis == [[Gambar:Koala sleeping.jpg|thumb|Koala boga metabolisme nu laun sarta sapopoe sare wae.]] The Koala is broadly similar in appéarance to the [[wombat]]s (the closest living relatives), but has a thicker, more luxurious coat, much larger éars, and longer limbs, which are equipped with large, sharp claws to assist with climbing. Weight varies from about 14&nbsp;kg for a large, southern male, to about 5&nbsp;kg for a small northern female. Contrary to popular belief, their fur is coarse, not soft and cuddly. Koalas' five digits are arranged with opposable thumbs, providing better gripping ability. The first two digits are position in apposition on the front paws, and the first three digits for the hind paws. The Koala is one of the few mammals (other than primates) that has [[fingerprint]]s. In fact, koala fingerprints are remarkably similar to human fingerprints; even with an electron microscope, it can be quite difficult to distinguish between the two.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Henneberg, Maciej | coauthors = Lambert, Kosette M., Leigh, Chris M. | title = Fingerprint homoplasy: koalas and humans | url = http://naturalscience.com/ns/articles/01-04/ns_hll.html | journal = naturalSCIENCE.com | year = 1997 | volume = 1 | article = 4}}</ref> Furthermore, the male koala, like many marsupials, has a bifurcated penis and the female has a bifurcated vagina.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Dawson, T.J. | coauthors = Finch, E., Freedman, L., Hume, I.D., Renfree, M., Temple-Smith, P.D.| title = Fauna of Australia; 17. Morphology and Physiology of Metatheria| url = www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/pubs/volume1b/17-ind.pdf|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20120201031519/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/pubs/volume1b/17-ind.pdf|archivedate=2012-02-01}}</ref> The Koala has an unusually small [[brain]], with about 40% of the cranial cavity being filled with fluid, while the brain itself is like "a pair of shrivelled [[walnut]] halves on top of the [[brain stem]], in contact neither with each other nor the bones of the [[skull]]. It is the only animal on Earth with such a strangely reduced brain."<ref>{{cite book|author=Flannery, T.F.|title=The Future Eaters: An ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People|publisher=Reed New Holland|location=Sydney|year=1994|page=86}}</ref> It is a generally silent animal, but males have a very loud advertising call that can be héard from almost a [[kilometre]] away during the breeding séason. There is little reliable information about the lifespan of the Koala, but in captivity they have been observed to réach the age of 15 yéars. The inverted thumbs on the Koala's back feet help for grip while the koala changes branches or éats with its front hands.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} == Siklus hirup == Females réach maturity at 2 to 3 yéars of age, males at 3 to 4 yéars. If héalthy, a female Koala can produce one young éach yéar for about 12 yéars. [[Gestation]] is 35 days; twins are very rare. Mating normally occurs between December and March, the [[Southern Hemisphere]]'s summer. A baby Koala is referred to as a [[joey (marsupial)|joey]] and is hairless, blind, and éarless. At birth the joey, only a quarter of an inch long, crawls into the downward-facing pouch on the mother's belly (which is closed by a drawstring-like muscle that the mother can tighten at will) and attaches itself to one of the two [[teat]]s. Koalas retain the réarward-facing pouch of their terrestrial vomaboid ancestors. Young remain hidden in the pouch for about six months, only feeding on milk. During this time they grow éars, eyes, and fur. The joey then begins to explore outside of the pouch. At about this stage it begins to consume small quantities of the mother’s "pap" (formerly thought to be excrement, but now thought to come from the mother's caecum) in order to inoculate its gut with the microbes necessary to digest eucalypt léaves.<ref>{{cite book |last=Martin |first=Roger |coauthors=Handasyde, Kathrine Ann |title=The Koala: Natural History, Conservation and Management |publisher=UNSW Press |year=1999 |pages=pp. 64-65 |isbn=0868405442 |series=Australian Natural History Series |edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> The baby Koala will remain with the mother for another six months or so, riding on her back, and feeding on both milk and eucalypt léaves until wéaning is complete at about 12 months of age. Young females disperse to néarby aréas at that time; young males often stay in the mother's home range until they are two or three yéars old. == Ekologi jeung kalakuan == [[Gambar:Koala - melbourne zoo.jpg|thumb|250px|Koala ngahakan daun [[eucalyptus]]]] The Koala lives almost entirely on [[eucalypt]] léaves. This is likely to be an evolutionary adaptation that takes advantage of an otherwise unfilled [[ecological niche]], since eucalypt léaves are low in [[protein]], high in indigestible substances, and contain [[phenolic]] and [[terpene]] compounds that are toxic to most species. Like wombats and [[sloth]]s, the Koala has a very low [[Metabolism|metabolic rate]] for a [[mammal]] and rests motionless for about 19 hours a day, sleeping most of that time. Koalas that are disturbed are known to be violent, their teeth and claws capable of providing considerable injury to humans; special handling requirements are as such applicable.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060822012140/http://www.fourthcrossingwildlife.com/WhatToDoWithaWigglingWombat.pdf</ref> Handling of koalas has been a source of political contention due to these risks, which can also cause harm to the koala as well.<ref>http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/HansArt.nsf/66662d17d79b79d7ca256cfd000e0c22/ca256d11000bd3aa4a25644a00824515!OpenDocument {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011184239/http://parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/HansArt.nsf/66662d17d79b79d7ca256cfd000e0c22/ca256d11000bd3aa4a25644a00824515!OpenDocument |date=2007-10-11 }}</ref> Koalas spend about three of their five active hours éating. Feeding occurs at any time of day, but usually at night. An average Koala éats 500 grams of eucalypt léaves éach day, chewing them in its powerful jaws to a very fine paste before swallowing. The liver déactivates the toxic components réady for [[excretion]], and the hind gut (especially the [[cecum|caecum]]) is gréatly enlarged to extract the maximum amount of nutrient from the poor quality diet. Much of this is done through [[bacteria]]l [[fermentation (biochemistry)|fermentation]]: when young are being [[wiktionary:wean|weaned]], the mother passes unusually soft [[feces|faeces]], called pap, which is rich in these bacteria, thus passing these essential digestive aids on to her offspring. The Koala will éat the léaves of a wide range of eucalypts, and occasionally even some non-eucalypt species, but it has firm preferences for particular varieties. These preferences vary from one region to another: in the south [[Manna Gum]], [[Blue Gum]] and [[Swamp Gum]] are favoured; [[Grey Gum]] and [[Tallowwood]] are important in the north, and the ubiquitous [[River Red Gum]] of the isolated séasonal swamps and watercourses that méander across the dry inland plains allows the Koala to exist in surprisingly [[arid]] aréas. Many factors determine which of the 800 species of eucalypt trees the Koala éats. Among trees of their favourite species, however, the major factor that determines which individual trees the Koala chooses is the concentration of a group of phenolic toxins called formylated phloroglucinol compounds. == Status konservasi == [[Gambar:Koalas-at-Lone-Pine-2.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Koala di [[Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary]], [[Queensland]]]] The Koala was hunted almost to extinction in the éarly 20th century, largely for its fur. In recent yéars, some colonies have been hard hit by diséase, especially [[chlamydia]]. The Koala requires large aréas of héalthy, connected forest and will travel long distances along tree corridors in séarch of new territory and mates. The ever-incréasing human population of the coastal parts of the continent continues to cut these corridors by agricultural and residential development, forestry and road-building, marooning Koala colonies in decréasing aréas of bush. The [[Australian Koala Foundation]] has mapped 40,000 sq.km. of land for Koala habitat and claims it has strong evidence to suggest wild Koala populations are in serious decline throughout the species natural range. Although the species covers a massive aréa, only 'pieces' of Koala habitat remain. These pieces need to be managed, protected and restored in a coordinated way. Presently, many are being lost to weeds, cléared for agriculture, or carved up by developers. Other thréats come from logging, poor management, attacks from [[feral]] and domestic animals, diséase and roads. In contrast to the situation on much of the mainland, where populations are declining, the Koalas of many island and isolated populations have réached what some have described as "plague" proportions. On [[Kangaroo Island]] in South Australia, Koalas introduced some 90 yéars ago have thrived in the absence of predators and competition. Combined with an inability to migrate to new aréas, this has caused the Koala populations to become unsustainable and thréaten the Island's unique ecology. In particular, species of [[Manna Gum]], native to the island, are being stripped by Koalas at a rate faster than they can regenerate, endangering local birds and invertebrates that rely on them, and causing the extinction of at léast one isolated population of manna. Koala numbers are estimated at over 30,000, with ecologists suggesting that the Island can sustain 10,000 at most. Although [[culling]] has been suggested as a méans to reduce Koala numbers, with the [[Government of South Australia|South Australian Government]] seriously considering such in 1996, this has met with fierce opposition both domestically and internationally, and the species remains protected. The popularity of the Koala has made the possibility of a cull politically improbable, with any negative perception likely to impact tourism and a government's electability. In place of a cull, sterilisation and translocation programmes have had only limited success in reducing numbers thus far, and remain expensive. There is evidence that Koalas relocated to the mainland have difficulty establishing themselves in the different circumstances. A mooted alternative to the complex sterilisation method, wherein the animal must first be captured, are hormonal implants that can be injected via darts. The Koala inhabits four Australian states. Under state legislation, the species is listed as: * Queensland - Common, or "Least Concern Wildlife" throughout the state, except in the relatively small South éast Queensland Bioregion, where it is listed as Vulnerable.<ref>{{cite web | author = Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service | title = EPA/QPWS Koala designation | url = http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/nature_conservation/wildlife/koala_plan/ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701083110/http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/nature_conservation/wildlife/koala_plan |date=2009-07-01 }}</ref> * New South Wales - listed at a state scale as vulnerable, but varying regionally from "secure" to "locally extinct".<ref>{{cite web | author = New South Wales Parks and Wildlife Service | title = NSWPWS Koala designation | url = http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/pdfs/tsprofile_koala.pdf | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070704184116/http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/pdfs/tsprofile_koala.pdf | archivedate = 2007-07-04 | accessdate = 2007-11-11}}</ref> * South Australia - classified as Rare.<ref>{{cite web | author = Australian Koala Foundation | authorlink = Australian Koala Foundation | title = Koala conservation status (FAQs) | url = https://www.savethekoala.com/koalasendangered.html }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119083821/https://www.savethekoala.com/koalasendangered.html |date=2012-01-19 }}</ref> * Victoria - The koala population in Victoria is considered "large and thriving".<ref>{{cite web | author = Department of Sustainability and the Environment | title = Victorian Koala designation | url = http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/dse/nrenpa.nsf/LinkView/E260BBD07DD52CF4CA256DE3007F11443B3BE6168C8BE71ECA256E5A0010BD5C }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926230121/http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/dse/nrenpa.nsf/LinkView/E260BBD07DD52CF4CA256DE3007F11443B3BE6168C8BE71ECA256E5A0010BD5C |date=2007-09-26 }}</ref> A review of the species national conservation status concluded that the koala are not thréatened at a national scale, with a population that numbers in the hundreds of thousands.<ref>{{cite web | author = Australian Government | title = Environmental assessment of koala's conservation status | url = http://www.environment.gov.au/minister/env/2006/mr14july206.html}}</ref> This was the third review undertaken by the federal government that came to this conclusion. The [[World Conservation Union|IUCN]] lists the species as "Lower Risk / Near Threatened".<ref name=iucn/> As with most native Australian animals, the Koala cannot legally be kept as a pet in Australia without a permit.<ref>{{cite web|author=Australian Koala Foundation|authorlink=Australian Koala Foundation|title=Frequently asked questions (FAQs)|url=https://www.savethekoala.com/koalasfaqs.html}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220144156/https://www.savethekoala.com/koalasfaqs.html |date=2011-12-20 }}</ref> == Tempo ogé == {{commons|Koala}} {{Wikispecies|Phascolarctos cinereus}} * [[Koala emblems and popular culture]] * [[List of monotremes and marsupials]] * [[Sato Australia]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu luar == * [http://www.koala.net/wildlife/koala.htm Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary] * [http://www.thekoala.com/koala Koala] <!-- interwiki --> [[Kategori:Kecap jeung frase Aborigin Australia]] [[Kategori:Mamalia Australia]] 0jkl9x29rfpian1nn3o1tcd2njm1pjb Kategori:Citakan Pakistan 14 24605 729401 95300 2026-09-27T05:53:36Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729401 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Citakan dumasar nagara|Pakistan]] [[Kategori:Pakistan|Citakan]] 5ql5juxr4w0nri510wobxrogw3jgga2 Kategori:Citakan dumasar nagara 14 24606 729399 95301 2026-09-27T05:51:15Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Topik dunya|title=Citakan dumasar nagara (kategori)|prefix=:Kategori:Citakan}} [[Kategori:Kategori dumasar nagara|Citakan]] [[Kategori:Citakan Wikipédia|-]] 596knp6eorp6c3zpvzdnhywpx8k0uzw Kategori:Citakan Koréa Kidul 14 24614 729398 95309 2026-09-27T05:44:09Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729398 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Citakan dumasar nagara|Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Koréa Kidul|Citakan]] okb512lrqvbv2fi1ja6j6yv3swz76qu Yves Leterme 0 25202 729358 673114 2026-09-27T02:39:21Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox President |name=Yves Leterme |image= Yves Leterme 01.jpg |caption= Yves Leterme (2009) |order=''[[List of Minister-Presidents of Flanders|Minister-President of Flanders]]'' ka-6 |term_start=[[20 Juli]] [[2004]] |term_end=[[28 Juni]] [[2007]] |predecessor = [[Bart Somers]] |successor = [[Kris Peeters]] |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1960|10|6|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Wervik]], [[Flanders Kulon]], [[Belgia]] |death_date = |death_place = |spouse = Sofie Haesen |religion=[[Katolik Roma]] |party=[[CD&V]] }} '''Yves Camille Désiré Leterme''' (babar [[6 Oktober]] [[1960]] di [[Wervik]], [[Flanders Kulon]]) nyaéta [[Sénator Bélgia|Sénator]] [[Belgia]], manten ''Minister-President'' Flanders sarta ''Flemish Minister'' Tatanén jeung Kalaukan. Yves Leterme geus jadi salah sahiji pilihan keur jadi [[Perdana Mentri Bélgia]] satuluyna sanggeus [[Pamilihan umum Bélgia, 2007|pamilihan umum 2007]].<ref name="reuters">Philip Blenkinsop, [http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKL109422520070610 ''Flanders chief set to lead next Belgian government''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121231638/http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKL109422520070610 |date=2020-11-21 }}, [[Reuters]], 10 Juni, 2007.</ref> Anjeunna ngundurkeun diri tina kalungguhan minangka ''Flemish Minister-President'' dina [[26 Juni]] [[2007]], digentos ku [[Kris Peeters]].<ref>{{nl icon}}{{cite news | url = http://www.vrtnieuws.net/cm/vrtnieuws.net/nieuws/politiek/070628_Peeters_Debat | title = Nieuwe minister-president legt verklaring af | publisher = VRT Nieuws | accessdate = 2007-06-28 | date = [[2007-06-28]]}}</ref> [[16 Juli]] [[2007]], Leterme ditunjuk pikeun ngamimitian sawala koalisi resmi pikeun ngabentuk hiji pamaréntahan anyar.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.vrtnieuws.net/cm/flandersnews.be/News/070716_leterme | title = Leterme to lead coalition talks | publisher = VRT Nieuws | date = [[2007-07-16]] | accessdate = 2007-07-22}}</ref> Tanggal [[1 Desember]] taun éta kénéh, Leterme ngaduakalian ngundurkeun diri tina kalungguhan minangka [[Raja Bélgia|Raja]], alatan sawala koalisi ''stalled''.<ref>{{cite news | title = Belgium's PM hopeful gives up efforts to form government | url = http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jxQKb3BNsKSj5hKhwTpYIGC4Rhmw | date = [[2007-12-01]] | accessdate = 2007-12-01 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071204041754/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jxQKb3BNsKSj5hKhwTpYIGC4Rhmw | archivedate = 2007-12-04 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204041754/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jxQKb3BNsKSj5hKhwTpYIGC4Rhmw |date=2007-12-04 }}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu luar == * {{nl icon}} [http://leterme.cdenv.be/ Loka pribadi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425110019/http://leterme.cdenv.be/ |date=2007-04-25 }} {{start}} {{s-bef | before=[[Bart Somers]] }} {{s-ttl | title=[[List of Minister-Presidents of Flanders|Minister-President of Flanders]] | years=2004–2007}} {{s-aft | after=[[Kris Peeters]] }} {{end}} {{biografi-pondok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leterme, Yves}} [[Kategori:Pulitikeus Bélgia|Leterme, Yves]] [[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Ghent]] [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1960|Leterme, Yves]] [[Kategori:Jalma hirup|Leterme, Yves]] 2auua6qfdu4y6024w628lcezegdyr1z Citakan:Country data Indonésia 10 25448 729311 434637 2026-09-27T00:12:11Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} |alias=Indonésia |flag alias=Flag of Indonesia.svg |flag alias-naval=Naval Jack of Indonesia.svg |flag alias-AFF=Indonesia coat of arms with name.svg |size={{{size|}}} |name={{{name|}}} |altlink={{{altlink|}}} |variant={{{variant|}}} <noinclude> |redir1=IDN |redir2=INA |redir3=RI |redir4=Républik Indonésia |redir5=NKRI |redir6=Indo |related1=Républik Indonésia Sarikat |related2=Hindia Walanda </noinclude> }} cp4mt401v9th86s7qtzhme26qljpfuv Citakan:Country data Indonesia 10 25450 729304 699592 2026-09-27T00:02:46Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Country data Indonésia]] 729304 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Indonésia]] hnjtgamegmtt4swlfrxv5mwde312emr Transport stream 0 25743 729323 711062 2026-09-27T01:11:04Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:MPEG Transport Stream HL.svg|thumb|right|400px|Sababaraha program MPEG dihijikeun tuluy dikirim kana antena pamancer. Dina sistim TV digital siaran US, [[tuner ATSC|panarima ATSC]] tuluy ngadekode TS sarta midangkeunnana.]] '''Transport stréam''' ('''TS''', '''TP''', or '''MPEG-TS''') nyaéta hiji [[protokol komunikasi]] keur [[Audio digital|audio]], [[Video digital|video]], jeung [[Program and System Information Protocol|data]] nu ditetepkeun dina [[MPEG-2]] Bagéan 1, Systems (standar [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]/[[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] 13818-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20061113181708/http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf]). Tujuan rancangannana nyaéta keur ngidinan [[multipleksing]] vidéo jeung audio digital sarta keur [[Audio video sync|nyinkronisasi kaluaran]]. Transport stréam nawarkeun fitur keur [[deteksi jeung koreksi kasalahan|ngoreksi kasalahan]] pikeun transportasi ngaliwatan media nu henteu pati dipercaya, sarta dipaké dina aplikasi siaran saperti [[DVB]] jeung [[standar ATSC|ATSC]]. Transport stréam beda jeung [[program stream]], nu dirancang keur media nu bisa dipercaya kaws [[DVD]]. {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} == Lapisan komunikasi == Sarua jeung [[OSI model#Description of OSI layers|OSI network]] [[protocol stack]], hiji transport stréam diproses ku panarima mangrupa lapisan-lapisan. Hiji stréam conto nu ngandung vidéo bisa diproses kawas kieu: {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} #Komposisi mangrupa-rupa program. #[[Packetized Elementary Stream]] (PES) #[[Elementary stream]] (ES) &mdash; audio atawa vidéo (the below is for vidéo only) #[[Group of pictures]] (GOP) &mdash; providing random access points #Slice &mdash; preventing an error from being propagated through intra prediction #Macroblock&mdash;consisting of 6 to 12 DCT blocks #Encoding block or just block&mdash;a DCT encoding block, 8x8 pixels An example of data that is [[Multiplexer|muxed]] into the transport stréam is an [[electronic program guide]]. See [[Program and System Information Protocol]] for more information. == Unsur penting transport stream == === Paket === A packet is the basic unit of data in a transport stréam. It consists of a [[syncword|sync byte]], whose value is 0x47, followed by three one-[[bit]] flags and a 13-bit PID. This is followed by a 4-bit continuity counter. Additional optional transport fields, as signaled in the optional adaptation field, may follow. The rest of the packet consists of payload. Packets are 188 bytes in length <ref>{{cite book | title = ISO/IEC 13818-1 Second edition | date = 2000-12-01 | pages = page xi or 11 according to PDF viewer | url = http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061113181708/http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf | archivedate = 2006-11-13 | accessdate = 2007-12-27 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611214610/http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf |date=2010-06-11 }}</ref> , but the communication medium may add some error correction bytes to the packet. DVb-ASI uses 204 bytes and ATSC 208 bytes as transport stréam packet. (DVB t=8 and ATSC t=10 i.e. extra bytes = 2*t). ATSC transmission adds 20 bytes of [[Reed-Solomon]] [[forward error correction]] to créate a packet that is 208 bytes long [http://broadcastengineering.com/infrastructure/Atsc-transmission-digital-20050620/]. The 188-byte packet size was originally chosen for compatibility with [[Asynchronous Transfer Mode|ATM systems]][http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/faq/mp2-sys/mp2-sys.htm#mp2-12] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726181029/http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/faq/mp2-sys/mp2-sys.htm#mp2-12 |date=2008-07-26 }} [http://www.tek.com/site/ps/0,,21-14851-SPECS_EN,00.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050209080342/http://www.tek.com/site/ps/0,,21-14851-SPECS_EN,00.html |date=2005-02-09 }} . {|class="wikitable" |+ Partial Transport Stréam Packet Format !Name !Number<br>of [[bit]]s !Description |- |[[sync byte]]||8||0x47 |- |Transport Error Indicator (TEI)||1 |Set by [[demodulator]] if can't correct errors in the stréam [http://www.coolstf.com/tsreader/support.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327060631/http://www.coolstf.com/tsreader/support.html |date=2010-03-27 }} |- |Payload Unit Start Indicator||1||1 méans start of [[Packetized Elementary Stream|PES]] data or [[Program Specific Information|PSI]] otherwise zero only . |- |Transport Priority||1||One méans higher priority than other packets with the same PID. |- |PID||13|| Packet ID |- |Scrambling control||2|| '00' = Not scrambled. &nbsp; The following per [[DVB]] spec <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20031006195927/http://www.bjpace.com.cn/data/tec/tec-DVB/DVB%20BlueBooks%20Standards/Specifications%20and%20Standards/conditional%20access/dvb-csa/A007.pdf DVB scrambling control bits defined. Page 6]</ref>: &nbsp; '01' = Reserved for future use, &nbsp; '10' = Scrambled with even key, &nbsp; '11' = Scrambled with odd key |- |Adaptation field exist||1||1 méans presence of the adaptation field |- |Payload data exist||1||1 méans presence of data |- |Continuity counter||4|| |- | || ||Note: the total number of bits above is 32 and is called the transport stréam 4-byte prefix. |- |Adaption field||0 or more||Depends on flags |- |[[Payload]] [[Data]]||0 or more||Depends on flags |} {|class="wikitable" |+ Adaptation Field Format !Name !Number<br>of bits !Description |- |Adaptation Field Length||8||Number of bytes in the adaptation field immediately following this byte |- |Discontinuity indicator||1||Set to 1 if a discontinuity occurred in the continuity counter of the TS packet |- |Random Access indicator||1||Set to 1 if the PES packet in this TS packet starts a vidéo/audio sequence |- |[[Elementary stream]] priority indicator||1||1 = higher priority |- |PCR flag||1||1 méans adaptation field does contain a PCR field |- |OPCR flag||1|| |- |Splicing point flag||1||1 méans presence of splice countdown field in adaptation field |- |Transport private data flag||1||1 méans presence of private data bytes in adaptation field |- |Adaptation field extension flag||1||1 méans presence of adaptation field extension |- |Below fields are optional||variable||Depends on flags |- |PCR||33+9|| Program clock reference |- |OPCR||33+9|| Original Program clock reference. Helps when one TS is copied into another |- |Splice countdown||8||Indicates how many TS packets from this one a splicing point occurs (may be negative) |- |stuffing bytes||variable|| |} === PID === éach table or elementary stréam in a transport stréam is identified by a 13-bit PID. A [[Inverse multiplexer|demultiplexer]] extracts elementary stréams from the transport stréam in part by looking for packets identified by the same PID. In most applications, [[Time-division multiplexing]] will be used to decide how often a particular PID appéars in the transport stréam. === Program === Transport stréam has a concept of programs. A single program is described by a Program Map Table (PMT) which has a unique PID, and the elementary stréams associated with that program have PIDs listed in the PMT. For instance, a transport stréam used in digital television might contain three programs, to represent three television channels. Suppose éach channel consists of one vidéo stréam, one or two audio stréams, and any necessary metadata. A [[ATSC tuner|receiver]] wishing to decode a particular "channel" méré ly has to decode the payloads of éach PID associated with its program. It can discard the contents of all other PIDs. === Program Specific Information (PSI) === There are 4 [[Program Specific Information|PSI]] tables: Program Association (PAT), Program Map (PMT), Conditional Access (CAT), and Network Information (NIT). The MPEG-2 specification does not specify the format of the CAT and NIT. ==== PAT ==== PAT stands for Program Association Table. The PAT lists PIDs for all PMTs in the stréam. TS Packets containing PAT information always have PID 0x0. ==== PMT ==== Program Map Tables, or PMTs, contain information about programs. For éach program, there is a PMT, with the PMT for éach program appéaring on its own PID. The PMTs describe which PIDs contain data relevant to the program. PMTs also provide metadata about the stréams in their constituent PIDs. For example, if a program contains an [[MPEG-2]] vidéo stréam, the PMT will list this PID, describe it as a vidéo stréam, and provide the type of vidéo that it contains (in this case, MPEG-2). The PMT may also contain additional descriptors providing data about its constituent stréams. === PCR ===<!-- This section is linked from [[PCR (disambiguation)]] --> To assist the decoder in presenting programs on time, at the right speed, and with synchronization, programs usually periodically provide a ''Program Clock Reference'', or PCR, on one of the PIDs in the program. This is also known as the master clock. Timing in MPEG2 references this clock, for example the presentation time stamp (PTS) is relative to the PCR. The first 33 bits is based on a 90&nbsp;kHz clock, incremented for éach [[Hertz]] or cycle. The 9 bit extension is based on a 27&nbsp;MHz clock. === Paket kosong === Some transmission schemes, such as those in [[ATSC Standards|ATSC]] and [[DVB]], impose strict constant bitrate requirements on the transport stréam. In order to ensure that the stréam maintains a constant bitrate, a [[Multiplexer]] may need to insert some additional packets. The PID 0x1FFF is reserved for this purpose. The payload of null packets may not contain any data at all, and the receiver is expected to ignore its contents. ==Rujukan== <references /> ==Tempo oge== *[[Tuner ATSC]] *[[DVB]] *[[Elementary stream]] *[[IPTV]] *[[MPEG-2]] *[[Packetized Elementary Stream]] *[[Program and System Information Protocol]] *[[Unidirectional Lightweight Encapsulation]] (ULE) *[[HDV]] jeung [[AVCHD]], nu duanan nerapkeun stréam TS kana data nu dipakétisasi == Conto parabot nu aya== Software: *[http://dvbsnoop.sourceforge.net/ dvb-snoop] *[http://www.nop.org/inkling/ ATSC Transport Stream Tools for Linux] *[http://www-personal.engin.umich.edu/~balazer/atsc/ Tools] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122070924/http://www-personal.engin.umich.edu/~balazer/atsc/ |date=2008-11-22 }} *[http://www.network-research.org/mp2tsdis.html Ethereal MPEG-2 TS Dissector] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107125956/http://www.network-research.org/mp2tsdis.html |date=2008-01-07 }} *[http://www.dvbstreamexplorer.dk/ DVB Stream Explorer]{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Hardware: *[http://www.tektronix.com/site/ps/0,,2A-15951-INTRO_EN,00.html Monitor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720141737/http://www.tektronix.com/site/ps/0,,2A-15951-INTRO_EN,00.html |date=2006-07-20 }} *[http://www.tandbergtv.com/productview.ink?productid=460 TS Multiplexer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031159/http://www.tandbergtv.com/productview.ink?productid=460 |date=2007-09-28 }} *[http://www.computermodules.com/broadcast-systems/DVB-transport-stream-capture-and-playback.shtml Assorted] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108120848/http://www.computermodules.com/broadcast-systems/DVB-transport-stream-capture-and-playback.shtml |date=2008-01-08 }} *[http://www.gcs-salzburg.at/ ODG - Open DVB Gateway] *[http://www.pixelmetrix.com/eng/dvstationpodnew.htm Transport stream analyser] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217104201/http://www.pixelmetrix.com/eng/dvstationpodnew.htm |date=2007-12-17 }} == Tumbu luar == * [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/faq/mp2-sys/mp2-sys.htm MPEG-2 Systems FAQ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726181029/http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/faq/mp2-sys/mp2-sys.htm |date=2008-07-26 }} * [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/faq/mp4-sys/mp4-sys.htm MPEG-4 Systems FAQ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620042809/http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/faq/mp4-sys/mp4-sys.htm |date=2008-06-20 }} * [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-1/mpeg-1.htm MPEG-1 description] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050324041934/http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-1/mpeg-1.htm |date=2005-03-24 }} * [http://chapters.scte.org/cascade/DVB%20Overview.ppt Powerpoint MPEG-2 Transport Stream introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331134640/http://chapters.scte.org/cascade/DVB%20Overview.ppt |date=2010-03-31 }} [http://www.glue.umd.edu/~karir/mpeg2/MPEG-2.PPT] * [http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/splicing-FAQ.html Splicing FAQ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726123504/http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/splicing-FAQ.html |date=2016-07-26 }} [[Kategori:ATSC]] [[Kategori:MPEG]] cxcgjivxm5lf2zf23hv5oph5oscaaan Shinzo Abe 0 25946 729291 666907 2026-09-26T23:17:04Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Politician | name = Shinzo Abe | image =Abe_Shinzō.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date |1954|09|21}} | birth_place = [[Nagato, Yamaguchi|Nagato]], [[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]], [[Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2022|07|8|1954|09|21}} | death_place = [[Kashihara, Nara]], [[Japan]] | spouse = [[Akie Abe]] | office = [[Perdana Mentri Jepang]] ka-90 | term_start = [[26 Désémber]] [[2012]] | term_end = [[16 Séptémber]] [[2020]] | monarch = [[Akihito]]<br>[[Naruhito]] | predecessor = [[Yoshihiko Noda]] | successor = [[Yoshihide Suga]] | term_start1 = [[26 Séptémber]] [[2006]] | term_end1 = [[26 Séptémber]] [[2007]] | monarch1 = [[Akihito]] | predecessor1 = [[Junichiro Koizumi]] | successor1 = [[Yasuo Fukuda]] | office2 = [[Chief Cabinet Secretary|Ketua Sekretaris Kabinet]] | term_start2 = [[31 Oktober]] [[2005]] | term_end2 = [[26 Séptémber]] [[2006]] | primeminister2 = [[Junichiro Koizumi]] | predecessor2 = [[Hiroyuki Hosoda]] | successor2 = [[Yasuhisa Shiozaki]] | constituency_MP3 = Member of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|House of Representatives]]<br /><Small>for Yamaguchi's 4th district</Small> | term_start3 = [[11 Séptémber]] [[2005]] | term_end3 = [[8 Juli]] [[2022]] | predecessor3 = ''New constituency'' | successor3 = [[Shinji Yoshida]] | majority3 = 137,701 (73.62%) | party = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] | religion = [[Buddhism]] and [[Shinto]]<ref>http://www.sinseiren.org/ouen/kokugikon.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819193043/http://www.sinseiren.org/ouen/kokugikon.html |date=2008-08-19 }}; http://press.jodo.or.jp/press/2003/03/news.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091127165851/http://www.sinseiren.org/ouen/kokugikon.html |date=2009-11-27 }}</ref> }} {{nihongo|'''Shinzo Abe'''|安倍 晋三|''Abe Shinzō''|extra={{IPAudio|Abe_Shinzo.ogg|[abe ɕinzoː]}}; [[21 Séptémber]] [[1954]] - [[8 Juli]] [[2022]]}} nyaéta [[Perdana Mentri Jepang]] ka-90, dipilih sacara husus ku [[Diet of Japan|Wakil Rakyat Nasional]] dina tanggal [[26 Séptémber]] [[2006]]. Abe mangrupa perdana mentri [[Jepang]] pangorana sanggeus-[[World War II|Perang Dunya II]] tur nu mimiti lahir sanggeus perang. Abe, eureun ngadadak dina tanggal [[12 Séptémber]] [[2007]] sabulan sanggeus narima tekanan pulitik .<ref>{{cite news |first=Hiroko last=Nakata |title=Prime Minister Abe announces resignation |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070913a1.html |publisher=''[[The Japan Times]]'' |date=2007-09-13 |accessdate=2007-09-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015234123/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070913a1.html |archivedate=2007-10-15}}</ref> Abe digentos ku [[Yasuo Fukuda]], Perdana Mentri Jepang ka-91 kiwari.<ref>http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/09/24/japan.fukuda.ap/index.html?iref=newssearch{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Abe lahir di kulawarga pulitikus tur diajar [[political science|elmu pulitik]] di Jepang. Abe diajar ogé di [[Amerika Serikat]]. Abe digawe di swasta saméméh dina taun 1982 mimiti digawe di pamaréntahan. Abe mimitik karir pulitik dina taun 1993 basa meunang pamilihan di [[Yamaguchi Prefecture]]. Abe digawe dina pamaréntahan Perdana Mentri [[Yoshiro Mori]] jeung [[Junichiro Koizumi]], tur jadi [[Chief Cabinet Secretary|Ketua Sekretaris Kabinet]] Koizumi. <!-- Abe gained national fame for the strong stance he took against [[North Korea]], which eventually propelled him to presidency of the ruling [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP) and the Prime Minister's office. While expected to follow the economic policies of his predecessor, Abe was also expected to improve the previously strained [[Sino-Japanese relations|relations]] with the [[People's Republic of China]]. --> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Rujukan == {{Commons}} * {{ja icon}} [http://newleader.s-abe.or.jp/ Ramatloka resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215120224/http://newleader.s-abe.or.jp/ |date=2007-12-15 }} * {{en icon}} [http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/index-e.html Ramatloka resmi Perdana Mentri Jepang] * {{en icon}} [http://www.transpacificradio.com/category/seijigiri/ Disksui kawijakan jeung aksi Perdana Mentri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118044121/http://www.transpacificradio.com/category/seijigiri/ |date=2007-01-18 }} * {{es icon}} [http://www.cidob.org/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/asia/japon/shinzo_abe Biografi ku CIDOB Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221184227/http://www.cidob.org/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/asia/japon/shinzo_abe |date=2007-12-21 }} {{s-start}} {{s-par|jp-lwr}} {{s-bef|before=[[Shintaro Abe]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Representative for [[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]] 1st District | years=1993 – 1996}} {{s-aft|after=[[Masahiko Komura]]}} {{s-new|reason=New constituency}} {{s-ttl|title=Representative for [[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]] 4th District | years=1996 – present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Hiroyuki Hosoda]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Cabinet Secretary of Japan]] | years=2005 – 2006}} {{s-aft|after=[[Yasuhisa Shiozaki]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Junichiro Koizumi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Perdana Mentri Jepang]] | years=2006 – 2007}} {{s-aft|after=[[Yasuo Fukuda]]}} {{s-non|reason=[[Yasuo Fukuda]]}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Taku Yamasaki]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Secretary General of the LDP]] | years=2003 – 2004}} {{s-aft|after=[[Tsutomu Takebe]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Junichiro Koizumi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|President of the LDP]] | years=2006 – 2007}} {{s-aft|after=[[Yasuo Fukuda]]}} {{s-end}} {{Japanese prime ministers}} {{pondok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abe, Shinzo}} [[Kategori:Perdana Mentri Jepang]] [[Kategori:Urang Préféktur Yamaguchi]] [[Kategori:Urang Jepang nu agemanana Buda]] [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1954]] [[Kategori:Jalma hirup]] 1xndvimlqr7wqqj5hz6v1fj194pktjp Citakan:Country data Aichi 10 26223 729416 131393 2026-09-27T07:20:43Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Préféktur Aichi | shortname alias = Aichi | flag alias = Flag of Aichi Prefecture.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | kategori = Jepang <noinclude> | redir1 = Aichi Prefecture | redir2 = Aiti </noinclude> }} rl6cmdqhkkk4jjygrbqqkjugp8od3j9 Citakan:Country data Ehime 10 26234 729405 131402 2026-09-27T06:23:34Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Préféktur Ehime | shortname alias = Ehime | flag alias = Flag of Ehime Prefecture.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | kategori = Jepang <noinclude> | redir1 = Prefektur Ehime | redir2 = Ehime Prefecture </noinclude> }} 1wgwops9rx27j8vaymxtgp2kxe8s9e6 Karbon dioksida 0 27200 729165 712310 2026-09-26T12:59:26Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karbon dioksida''' ([[rumus kimia]]: '''{{kim|CO|2}}''') nyaéta [[sanyawa kimia]] nu diwangun ku dua [[atom]] [[oksigén]] nu [[beungkeut kovalén|kabeungkeut kovalén]] ku hiji atom [[karbon]]. Dina kaayaan baku, ieu sanyawaan aya dina wujud gas. Di [[atmosfir]], kadarna kira-kira 383 [[ppm]] dumasar eusi<ref>{{cite journal|title=Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> records from sites in the SIO air sampling network.|first=Keeling, CD|last=Whorf, T.P.|year=2005|work=Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A.|url=http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/sio-mlo.htm}} Periodeu rékam: 1958-2004</ref>. Karbon dioksida téh kaasup salah sahiji [[gas rumah kaca]], ku sabab nembuskeun [[spéktrum katempo|cahya katempo]] tapi nyerep [[infrabeureum]]. Karbon dioksida dihasilkeun ku [[sato]], [[tutuwuhan]], [[fungi]], jeung [[mikroorganismeu]] dina prosés [[réspirasi]] sarta dipaké ku tutuwuhan dina [[fotosintésis]] pikeun ngahasilkeun gula. Ku kituna, ieu sanyawa téh kaasup komponén utama [[daur karbon]]. Lian ti prosés kimia séjénna, karbon dioksida ogé dihasilkeun tina durukan [[suluh fosil]] atawa matéri tutuwuhan. Karbon dioksida [[anorganik]] dikaluarkeun ku [[gunung berapi]] jeung prosés [[géotermal]] sarupaning [[cipanas]]. Karbon dioksida teu boga wujud cair dina tekanan handapeun 5,1 [[atmosfir (unit)|atm]], tapi padet dina suhu kurang ti -78&nbsp;°C. Dina bentuk padetna, karbon dioksida ilahar disebut ''dry ice'' ([[és garing]]). {{kim|CO|2}} téh [[oksida asam]]: leyuranana ngarobah [[uji litmus (kimia)|kertas litmus]] tina [[bulao]] jadi [[kayas]]. dbhasjkdgashdgasgdasgdasdhasg asghdgashdgashdgjhasgdasd Karbon dioksida cair ukur bisa kabentuk dina kaayaan [[tekanan]] leuwih ti 5,1 atm; [[titik tripel]] karbon dioksida kira 518 [[kPa]] dina suhu -56,6&nbsp;°C (tempo diagram), sedengkeun [[Titik kritis (térmodinamika)|titik kritisna]] 7,38 MPa dina suhu 31,1&nbsp;°C<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C124389&Units=SI&Mask=4|title=Phase change data for Carbon dioxide|publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology|accessdate=2008-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322083546/https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C124389&Units=SI&Mask=4#Thermo-Phase|archivedate=2023-03-22}}</ref>. [[Gambar:Carbon-dioxide-crystal-3D-vdW.png|thumb|left|220px|Wangun kristal és garing]] Bentuk padet karbon dioksida lianna bisa kabentuk dina kaayaan husus, bentukna amorf kawas kaca<ref>{{cite journal | last=Santoro | first=M. | coauthors=et al | year=2006 | title=Amorphous silica-like carbon dioxide | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-06-15_441_7095/page/857| journal=Nature | issn=0028-0836 | volume=441 | issue=7095 | pages=857-860 | doi=10.1038/nature04879}}</ref>, disebut [[karbonia amorf]] ({{kim|CO|2}} nu geus dipanaskeun ditiiskeun dina tekanan 40–48 [[GPa]] atawa kira 400.000 atm. Papanggihan ieu kabuktian ku téori yén karbon dioksida bisa aya dina bentuk gelas sarupa jeung famili unsurna, sarupaning [[silikon]] ([[silika|gelas silika]]) jeung [[germanium]], ngan karbonia mah teu stabil dina kaayaan biasa. == Mangpaat == [[Gambar:Soda bubbles macro.jpg|thumb|250px|Pelendung karbon dioksida dina inuman.]] Karbon dioksida dipaké di industri pangan, industri oli, jeung industri kimia. Industri milih ieu gas ku sabab murah jeung teu kaduruk.<!-- Life jackets often contain canisters of pressured carbon dioxide for quick inflation. Aluminum capsules are also sold as supplies of compressed gas for [[Air gun|airguns]], [[paintball]] markers, for inflating bicycle tires, and for making [[carbonated water|seltzer]]. Rapid vaporization of liquid carbon dioxide is used for blasting in coal mines. High concentrations of carbon dioxide can also be used to kill pests, such as the [[Common Clothes Moth]]. Carbon dioxide is used to produce [[carbonated]] [[soft drink]]s and [[soda water]]. Traditionally, the carbonation in beer and sparkling wine comes about through natural fermentation, but some manufacturers carbonate these drinks artificially. A candy called [[Pop Rocks]] is pressurized with carbon dioxide gas at about 40 bar (600 psi). When placed in the mouth, it dissolves (just like other hard candy) and releases the gas bubbles with an audible pop. [[Leavening agent]]s produce carbon dioxide to cause dough to rise. [[Baker's yeast]] produces carbon dioxide by fermentation of sugars within the dough, while chemical leaveners such as [[baking powder]] and [[baking soda]] release carbon dioxide when heated or if exposed to [[acid]]s. [[Image:Carbon Dioxide Laser At The Laser Effects Test Facility.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A [[carbon dioxide laser]].]] Carbon dioxide is the most commonly used compressed gas for pneumatic systems in portable pressure tools and [[Robot combat|combat robots]]. Carbon dioxide extinguishes flames, and some [[Fire extinguisher#Carbon dioxide|fire extinguishers]], especially those designed for electrical fires, contain liquid carbon dioxide under pressure. Carbon dioxide also finds use as an atmosphere for [[welding]], although in the welding arc, it reacts to [[oxidation|oxidize]] most metals. Use in the automotive industry is common despite significant evidence that welds made in carbon dioxide are [[brittle]]r than those made in more inert atmospheres, and that such weld joints deteriorate over time because of the formation of carbonic acid. It is used as a welding gas primarily because it is much less expensive than more inert gases such as [[argon]] or [[helium]]. Liquid carbon dioxide is a good [[solvent]] for many [[lipophilic]] [[organic chemistry|organic compounds]], and is used to remove [[caffeine]] from [[coffee]]. First, the green coffee beans are soaked in water. The beans are placed in the top of a column seventy feet (21 meters) high. The carbon dioxide fluid at about 93 degrees Celsius enters at the bottom of the column. The caffeine diffuses out of the beans and into the carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide has begun to attract attention in the [[pharmaceutical]] and other chemical processing industries as a less toxic alternative to more traditional solvents such as [[organochloride]]s. It's used by some [[dry cleaning|dry cleaners]] for this reason. (See [[green chemistry]].) Plants require carbon dioxide to conduct [[photosynthesis]], and greenhouses may enrich their atmospheres with additional {{chem|CO|2}} to boost plant growth, since its low present-day atmosphere concentration is just above the "suffocation" level for green plants. A [[photosynthesis]]-related drop in carbon dioxide concentration in a greenhouse compartment can kill green plants. At high concentrations, carbon dioxide is toxic to animal life, so raising the concentration to 10,000 ppm (1%) for several hours can eliminate pests such as [[whitefly|whiteflies]] and [[spider mite]]s in a greenhouse. It has been proposed that carbon dioxide from power generation be bubbled into ponds to grow algae that could then be converted into [[biodiesel]] fuel.<ref name='csmon'>{{cite news | first=Mark | last=Clayton | coauthors= | title=Algae - like a breath mint for smokestacks | date=[[2006-01-11]] | publisher= | url =http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0111/p01s03-sten.html | work =[[Christian Science Monitor]] | pages = | accessdate = 2007-10-11 | language = }}</ref> In medicine, up to 5% carbon dioxide is added to pure [[oxygen]] for stimulation of breathing after [[apnea]] and to stabilize the {{chem|O|2|/CO|2}} balance in blood. A common type of industrial gas [[laser]] is the [[carbon dioxide laser]]. Carbon dioxide can also be combined with [[limonene]] oxide from orange peels or other [[epoxides]] to create polymers and plastics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Jan05/Orangeplastic.deb.html |title=Sweet and environmentally beneficial discovery: Plastics made from orange peel and a greenhouse gas |accessdate=2007-09-09 |last=Davidson |first=Sarah |coauthors= |date=Jan. 17, 2005 |work= |publisher=Cornell News}}</ref> Carbon dioxide is used in [[enhanced oil recovery]] where it is injected into or adjacent to producing oil wells, usually under [[Supercritical fluid|supercritical]] conditions. It acts as both a pressurizing agent and, when dissolved into the underground [[crude oil]], significantly reduces its viscosity, enabling the oil to flow more rapidly through the earth to the removal well.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Austell |first=J Michael |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2005 |month= |title=CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery Needs - Enhanced Fiscal Incentives |journal=Exploration & Production: The Oil & Gas Review - |volume= |issue= |pages= |id= |url=http://www.touchoilandgas.com/enhanced-recovery-needs-enhanced-a423-1.html |accessdate= 2007-09-28 |quote= }}</ref> In mature oil fields, extensive pipe networks are used to carry the carbon dioxide to the injection points. In the chemical industry, carbon dioxide is used for the production of [[urea]], [[carbonate]]s and [[bicarbonate]]s, and [[sodium salicylate]]. Liquid and solid carbon dioxide are important [[refrigerant]]s, especially in the food industry, where they are employed during the transportation and storage of ice cream and other frozen foods. Solid carbon dioxide is called "dry ice" and is used for small shipments where refrigeration equipment is not practical. Liquid carbon dioxide (industry nomenclature R744 / R-744) was used as a refrigerant prior to the discovery of [[Dichlorodifluoromethane|R-12]] and is likely to enjoy a renaissance due to environmental concerns. Its physical properties are highly favorable for cooling, refrigeration, and heating purposes, having a high volumetric cooling capacity. Due to its operation at pressures of up to 130 bars, {{chem|CO|2}} systems require highly resistant components that have been already developed to serial production in many sectors. In car air conditioning, in more than 90% of all driving conditions, R744 operates more efficiently than systems using [[R-134a]]. Its environmental advantages ([[Global warming potential|GWP]] of 1, non-ozone depleting, non-toxic, non-flammable) could make it the future working fluid to replace current HFCs in cars, supermarkets, hot water heat pumps, among others. Some applications: Coca-Cola has fielded {{chem|CO|2}}-based beverage coolers and the [[US Army]] is interested in {{chem|CO|2}} refrigeration and heating technology.<ref name='ccref1'> {{cite web|url=http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/presscenter/nr_20060605_corporate_hfc-free.html |title=THE COCA-COLA COMPANY ANNOUNCES ADOPTION OF HFC-FREE INSULATION IN REFRIGERATION UNITS TO COMBAT GLOBAL WARMING |accessdate=2007-10-11 |date=2006-06-05 |publisher=The Coca-Cola Company }}</ref><ref name='usforces'>{{cite news | title = Modine reinforces its CO<sub>2</sub> research efforts | url = http://www.r744.com/news/news_ida145.php | date = 2007-06-28 | publisher = R744.com}}</ref> By the end of 2007, the global car industry is expected to decide on the next-generation refrigerant in car air conditioning. {{kim|CO|2}} is one discussed option.(see [[The Cool War]]) --> == Baca ogé == <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> * [[Réaksi Bosch]] * [[Daur karbon]] * [[Karbon monoksida]] * [[Jagat nyongkab]] * [[Réaksi Sabatier]] </div> == Rujukan == {{reflist|1}} == Tumbu kaluar == * {{PubChemLink|280}} * [http://www.uigi.com/carbondioxide.html {{kim|CO|2}} Carbon Dioxide Properties, Uses, Applications] * [http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/CO2/CO2_phase_diagram.gif Pressure-Temperature phase diagram for carbon dioxide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216015146/http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/CO2/CO2_phase_diagram.gif |date=2008-02-16 }} * [http://www.bluerhinos.co.uk/molview/indv.php?id=2 Molview from bluerhinos.co.uk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216134911/http://www.bluerhinos.co.uk/molview/indv.php?id=2 |date=2008-02-16 }} Tempo Karbon dioksida wangun 3D * [http://www.dryiceinfo.com/science.htm Dry Ice information] * [http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/ Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide] ''(NOAA)'' * [http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/phasesdgm.html Phase Diagram of Carbon Dioxide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222025440/http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/phasesdgm.html |date=2008-02-22 }} * [http://chemmovies.unl.edu/chemistry/smallscale/SS071.html Experiment 071 -- Triple Point Phase Transition for Carbon Dioxide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205202741/http://chemmovies.unl.edu/chemistry/smallscale/SS071.html |date=2008-02-05 }} * [http://www.r744.com/knowledge/faq_a.php {{kim|CO|2}} as a natural refrigerant - FAQs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006101017/http://www.r744.com/knowledge/faq_a.php |date=2007-10-06 }} * [http://www.understandingnano.com/nanotechnology-carbon-dioxide.html Methods to reduce carbon dioxide emmisions from power plants] [[Kategori:Kimia]] l95c8qxqj7em9zvcol3ir3w5w962w36 Citakan:Navy 10 27283 729328 125047 2026-09-27T01:22:56Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Angkatan laut]] 729328 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Angkatan laut]] ldy8alnj8i9fxbwrapnnlteule3vtpt Citakan:Country data Kakaisaran Jepang 10 27284 729348 613135 2026-09-27T02:16:13Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Country data Empire of Japan]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Kakaisaran Jepang]] 613135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Empire of Japan | shortname alias = Japan | flag alias = Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan.svg | link alias-naval = Angkatan Sagara Kakaisaran Jepang | flag alias-army = War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army (1868-1945).svg | link alias-army = Angkatan Darat Kakaisaran Jepang | flag alias-air force = War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army (1868-1945).svg | link alias-air force = Angkatan Udara Kakaisaran Jepang | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | related1 = Japan | cat = Japan empire </noinclude> }} dl8gpfe34su9l5ic1va67k39gbvv70h 729350 729348 2026-09-27T02:16:51Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kakaisaran Jepang | shortname alias = Jepang | flag alias = Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan.svg | link alias-naval = Angkatan Sagara Kakaisaran Jepang | flag alias-army = War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army (1868-1945).svg | link alias-army = Angkatan Darat Kakaisaran Jepang | flag alias-air force = War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army (1868-1945).svg | link alias-air force = Angkatan Udara Kakaisaran Jepang | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | related1 = Japan | cat = Japan empire </noinclude> }} sglbekwiiaxlg1jmceoepsmkugc4q1p 729351 729350 2026-09-27T02:20:06Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kakaisaran Jepang | shortname alias = Jepang | flag alias = Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan.svg | link alias-naval = Angkatan Laut Kakaisaran Jepang | flag alias-army = War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army (1868-1945).svg | link alias-army = Angkatan Darat Kakaisaran Jepang | flag alias-air force = War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army (1868-1945).svg | link alias-air force = Angkatan Udara Kakaisaran Jepang | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | related1 = Japan | cat = Japan empire </noinclude> }} plqk0mopd3fzmbshi0bn9rqu6sbwl8l Citakan:Country flagnavy 10 27286 729327 433593 2026-09-27T01:18:39Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Angkatan laut/Bandéra]] 729327 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Angkatan laut/Bandéra]] lzwghli5t2bixplmh8oqubmc3aramu8 Kapas 0 29167 729142 711500 2026-09-26T12:52:03Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Gossypium'' | image =Gossypium_barbadense_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-068.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''Gossypium barbadense'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Malvales]] | familia = [[Malvaceae]] | genus = '''''[[Gossypium]]''''' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] | subdivision_ranks = Spésiés | subdivision = Tempo [[Gossypium]] }} [[Image:CottonPlant.JPG|thumb|300px|Kapas siap dipanén]] [[Image:Cotton1943 cropped.jpg|thumb|300px|Metik kapas di [[Georgia (nagara bagéan A.S.)|Georgia]], [[Amérika Sarikat|USA]], taun 1943]] '''Kapas''' nyaéta ngaran hiji tuwuhan nu ngahasilkeun [[haramay]]/benang nu lemes nu tumuwuh sabudeureun sikina.<ref name=”Rig”/> Kapas tumuwuh di daérah [[tropis]] jeung [[subtropis]].<ref name=”Rig”>{{Cite book | title = A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java| last = Jonathan| first =Rigg | publisher =Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen | location =Universitas Harvard | year =1862 }}</ref> Serat ieu tuluy digulung jadi [[benang]] sarta digunakeun pikeun nyieun kaén ([[tékstil]]). Kapas mangrupa tuwuhan nu gedé ajénna lantaran ngan kira-kira 10% tina beuratna ilang dina pemrosésan. Waktu [[lilin]], [[protéin]], jll. disingkirkeun, sésana nyaéta [[polimér]] alami tina [[sélulosa]] murni. Sélulosa ieu kasusun rapih antukna méré kapas sifat kekuatan, daya tahan sarta daya serep nu mandiri. Di Pulo Ambon, kapas dipikawanoh ku istilah lokalna <nowiki>''</nowiki>aha<nowiki>''</nowiki>, sarta dina [[basa Banda]] disebut <nowiki>''</nowiki>karamboa<nowiki>''</nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Kepulauan Nusantara: Kajian Budaya, Agama, Politik, Hukum dan Ekonomi|last=Crawfurd|first=first|publisher=Penerbit Ombak|year=2017|isbn=9786022584698|location=Yogyakarta|pages=312|volume=1}}</ref> == Sajarah == [[Image:Mandeville cotton.jpg|thumb|Pepelakan kapas sakumaha anu dibayangkeun sareng digambar ku [[John Mandeville]] in the [[abad ka 14]]]] [[Image:Cotton_field.jpg|thumb|290px|Kebon Kapas di Oklahoma. Mandor jeung urang Negro anu metik kapas, ca. 1897-98.]] Katun geus dipaké pikeun nyieun kaén anu pohara alus jeung hampang di wewengkon kalawan iklim tropis geus rebuan taun katukang. Sababaraha otoritas ngaku yén kamungkinan urang [[Mesir]] ngagaduhan katun ti mimiti 12,000 SM, jeung bukti geus kapanggih kapas di [[guha]] [[Mexico|Mexican]] (lawon katun sarta fragmen tina haramay anu sisusun ku [[bulu_bulu]] jeung [[fur]]) ditaksur kurang leuwih 7,000 taun ka tukang. Bukti arkéologis jelas yén jalma di Amérika Kidul jeung India domesticated spésiés béda tina kapas sacara mandiri rébuan taun ka tukang <!-- The earliest written reference to cotton is in [[India]]. Cotton has been grown in India for more than three thousand years, and it is referred to in the [[Rig-Veda]], written in 1500 BC. A thousand years later the great [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] historian [[Herodotus]] wrote about Indian cotton: "There are trees which grow wild there, the fruit of which is a [[wool]] exceeding in beauty and goodness that of [[sheep]]. The Indians make their clothes of this tree wool". (Book iii. 106) During the late [[mediaeval]] period, cotton became known as an [[import]]ed fibre in northern [[Europe]], without any knowledge of what it came from other than that it was a [[plant]]; people in the region, familiar only with [[animal]] fibres ([[wool]] from [[sheep]]), could only imagine that cotton must be produced by plant-borne sheep. [[John Mandeville]], writing in [[1350]], stated as fact the now-preposterous belief: "There grew there India a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on the endes of its branches. These branches were so pliable that they bent down to allow the lambs to feed when they are hungrie.". This aspect is retained in the name for cotton in many European languages, such as [[German language|German]] ''Baumwolle'', which translates as "tree wool". By the end of the 16th century AD, cotton was cultivated throughout the warmer regions in [[Africa]], [[Eurasia]] and [[the Americas]]. The Indian cotton processing industry was eclipsed during the [[Britain|British]] [[Industrial Revolution]], when the invention of the [[Spinning Jenny]] ([[1764]]) and Arkwright's [[spinning frame]] ([[1769]]) enabled cheap mass-production of cotton cloth in the [[United Kingdom|UK]]. Production capacity was further improved by the invention of the [[cotton gin]] by [[Eli Whitney]] in [[1793]]. In the [[United States]], growing the three crops, cotton, [[indigo dye|indigo]] and [[tobacco]] historically were the leading occupations of [[slave]]s. After [[emancipation]], the [[share cropping]] system evolved which in many cases differed little from the systems of slavery. --> == Produksi == Kiwari kapas dihasilkeun di réa patempatan di dunya, kaasup [[Eropa]], [[Asia]], [[Afrika]], [[Amérika]], jeung [[Australia]], ngandelkeun tangkal kapas anu pinilih antukna bisa dihasilkeun serat nu leuwih réa. Dina taun 2002, kapas dipelak di 330.000&nbsp;km² huma, 47 milyar ton kapas atah saharga 20 milyar [[dolar AS]] dipelak dina yaun éta. <!-- The cotton industry relies heavily on chemicals such as [[fertiliser]]s and [[insecticide]]s, although some farmers are moving towards an organic model of production, and chemical-free organic cotton products are now available. Historically, one of the most economically destructive pests in cotton production has been the [[boll weevil]]. Most cotton is harvested mechanically, either by a [[cotton picker]], a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a [[cotton stripper]] which strips the entire boll off the plant. Cotton strippers are generally used in regions where it is too windy to grow picker varieties of cotton and generally used after application of a [[defoliant]] or natural defoliation occurring after a freeze. Cotton is a perennial crop in the tropics and without defoliation or freezing, the plant will continue to grow. Cotton is a close relative of [[okra]] and [[hibiscus]]. [[Image:Cotton_pollination_5892.JPG|thumb|Gossypium hirsutum: Cotton blossom with bumblebee pollinator, Hemingway, South Carolina]] The logistics of cotton harvesting and processing have been improved by the development of the [[cotton module builder]], a machine that compresses harvested cotton into a large block, which is then covered with a tarp and temporarily stored at the edge of the field. ==Cotton processing== After [[cultivation]], '''[[cotton]]''' is harvested at the farm, and goes through multiple '''processes'''. Before processing, there are 3 stages: # [[Ginning]] # [[Spinning (textiles)|Spinning]] # [[Weaving]] After weaving, cotton typically fabric passes through several processing stages. After some stages the fabric can be directly used in the final product, for example unbleached cloth is used in grain bags. Typical stages are: #[[Singeing]] #[[Desizing]] #[[Scouring]] #[[Bleaching]] #[[Mercerizing]] #[[Dyeing]] #[[Finishing]] --> ==Mangpaat== Sajaba ti jadi bahan dasar industri tékstil, kapas ogé dipaké dina kecrik lauk, saringan kopi, ténda, jeung pangwates buku. Duit Cina munggaran dijieun tina serat kapas, ogé [[duit dollar]] [[Amérika Sarikat]] modéren. [[Denim]], sarupaning pakan nu tahan lila, jeung lolobana kaos (''T-shirt'') sabagéan gedé dijieun tina kapas. <!-- The cottonseed which remains after the cotton is ginned is used to produce [[cottonseed oil]], which after refining can be consumed by humans like any other [[vegetable oil]]. The [[cottonseed meal]] that is left is generally fed to [[livestock]]. ==Morfologi kapas== Efek lingkungan atas pertumbuhan tiap jenis varitas tiap kapas adalah berlainan sekali. Pengetahuan atas sifat-sifat pembawaan dapat kemungkinan untuk mengetahui dasn mengenalsifat-sifat lain yang tidak di inginkan, terutama telah didapatkan satu antara masina-masing tanaman. ==Fair trade== Cotton is an enormously important commodity throughout the world. However, many farmers in developing countries receive a low price for their produce, or find it difficult to compete with developed countries. This has led to '[[fair trade]]' cotton clothing being available in some countries. == Old British cotton yarn measures == *1 thread = 54 inches (c. 137 cm) *1 skein or rap = 80 threads (120 yards or c. 109 m) *1 hank = 7 skeins (840 yards or c. 768 m) *1 spindle = 18 hanks (15,120 yards or c. 13.826 km) --> ==Tempo ogé== * [[Gin kapas]] ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} * ''The Thames and Hudson Manual of Dyes and Fabrics'', Joyce Storey, 1978 * [http://gardenbees.com/cotton%20spray/cottonspray.htm Photo documentation and commentary on collateral damage to the environment from cotton spraying] ==Tumbu ka luar== *[http://www.cottoninc.com/ Cotton Incorporated] - a cotton industry trade group *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060505231127/http://tradingcharts.naq.com/futures/quotes/CT.html New York Cotton Futures Prices] (30 Minute Delay) *[http://www.nybot.com/ New York Board of Trade] *[http://www.cotton-net.com/default.htm Cotton on the Net: The Cotton Market Directory] *[http://www.ams.usda.gov/cotton/mncs/index.htm USDA AMS - Market News Reports - Cotton Reports] *[http://www.tfc-charts.w2d.com/ Commodity Futures & Financial Market Charts] *[http://www.usda.gov/ U.S. Department of Agriculture] *[http://www.cottonusa.org/index.htm Cotton Council International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040812080211/http://www.cottonusa.org/index.htm |date=2004-08-12 }} *[http://www.cotton.org/cf/index.htm Cotton Foundation] *[http://www.meeman.rhodes.edu/institutes/cotton/default.html ACSA International Cotton Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010811135413/http://www.meeman.rhodes.edu/institutes/cotton/default.html |date=2001-08-11 }} *[http://www.supimacotton.org/ The Supima Association] *[http://www.acsa-cotton.org/ American Cotton Shippers Association] *[http://www.atmi.org/ American Textile Manufactures Institute] *[http://www.cottoninc.com/ Cotton Incorporated] *[http://www.icac.org/ International Cotton Advisory Committee] *[http://www.cotton-net.com/ Cotton on the Net Home Page] *[http://www.cotton.org/news National Cotton Council News and Current Events] *[http://www.landofcotton.com/ The Land of Cotton News Magazine] *[http://www.theseam.com The Seam] *[http://www.ecotton.com eCotton] *[http://www.pcca.com Plains Cotton Cooperative Association]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://www.acsa-cotton.org/ American Cotton Shippers Association] *[http://www.ams.usda.gov/cotton Agricultural Marketing Service] *[http://www.lca.org.uk International Cotton Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309065704/http://www.lca.org.uk/ |date=2009-03-09 }} [[Kategori:Malvaceae]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan industri]] [[Kategori:Tuuwuhan]] [[Kategori:tutuwuhan tropis]] [[Kategori:tutuwuhan produksi]] 3vkf16qcf452np65j0cp0z08jvyre9e Kapayang (hodgsonia) 0 29247 729143 711768 2026-09-26T12:53:29Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Kapayang'' | image = Hodgsonia heteroclita fruit.jpg | image_width = frameless| image_caption = buah kapayang (''Hodgsonia heteroclita'') | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Cucurbitales]] | familia = [[Cucurbitaceae]] | subfamilia = Cucurbitoideae | tribus = Trichosantheae | subtribus = '''Hodgsoniinae''' | subtribus_authority = [[Charles Jeffrey|C. Jeffrey]] 1962 | genus = '''''Hodgsonia''''' | genus_authority = [[Hook.f.]] & [[Thomas Thomson (1817-1878)|Thomson]] 1853 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = '''''Hodgsonia heteroclita'''''<br> '''''Hodgsonia macrocarpa''''' }} '''Kapayang''' atawa '''''Hodgsonia''''' mangrupa sabangsaning [[tuwuhan]] pineus leutik nu [[buah]]an nu kagolongkeun kana kulawarga [[Cucurbitaceae]]. ''Hodgsonia'' dijadikeun ngaran ieu tuwuhan pikeun ngahormat [[Brian Houghton Hodgson]] dina taun 1853 ku para ahli botani Inggris Joseph Dalton Hooker jeung Thomas Thomson (1817-1878), anu nalungtik ieu tuwuhan ku pangrojong Hodgson di [[Himalaya]]. ==Klasifikasi== *''Hodgsonia heteroclita'' ([[Roxb.]]) [[Hook.f.]] & [[Thomas Thomson (1817-1878)|Thomson]] 1853 *''Hodgsonia macrocarpa'' ([[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]) [[Cogn.]] 1881 ==Ciri fisik== *Kembang kapayang mekar ngan pikeun waktu sapeuting, tuluy layu atawa gugur.<ref>Loewer p.175</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- | !''H. heteroclita'' !''H. macrocarpa'' |- |Daun |Biasana 5 |Biasana 3 |} ==Kaguna== ===Kadaharan=== Sanajan daging buah kapayang bisa didahar sarta taya hargana, sikina nu beunghar ku minyak mangrupa sumber kadaharan nu penting. Buahna nu biasa didahar atah-atah;<ref>Arora and Hardas p.560</ref> rada [[pait]], jigana dilantarankeun ku [[alkaloid]] atawa [[glukosa]] anu can dipikanyaho, tapi "aman pisan" pikeun didahar.<ref name="Hu names"/> Ilaharna, sikina dibeuleum saméméh didahar; loba urang gunung nu nganggap rasana ngeunah. Suku bangsa Naga di India ngasupkeun siki kapayang kana rupa-rupa sayur kari.<ref name="Changkija ">Changkija p.219</ref> ===Ubar=== Daun kapayang boga mangpaat pikeun ubar. Di Malaya, maké ieu daun pikeun ngubaran nyeri irung. Daunna digaringkeun jeung dibeuleum, sarta terus diseuseup ku irung, atawa peresan pucuk jeung daunna diperes tuluy caina diulaskeun kana tatu akibat gégélan sarangga. Daunna ogé bisa dikulub supaya ngahasilkeun cacai pikeun ngubaran nyeri irung atawa ngurangan panas tiris.<ref>Hu 1964 p.167, 171</ref> The ashes from burnt léaves of ''H. macrocarpa'' are also used to héal wounds.<ref>De Wilde & Duyfjes p.175</ref> Di wewengkon bangsa Naga, buah kapayang ditémpélkeun kana inféksi baktéri dina suku.<ref name="Changkija ">Changkija p.219</ref> Di Sarawak, minyak kapayang dipaké pikeun malur awak wanoja nu karék ngalahirkeun.<ref>Hu 1964 p.171</ref> Minyak kapayang ieu ogé dipaké bahan dasar dina pangobatan di India bagian wétan.<ref>Agarwal p.273</ref> ==Sajarah== ==Ngaran== [[Image:Hodgsonia heteroclita male.jpg|thumb|right|tuwuhan kapayang jalu]] *Di beulah kalér, ''H. heteroclita'': **India, [[Sikkim]] ([[Lepcha]]s): ''Kat'hior-pot'';<ref name="Hu names">Hu 1964 p.170</ref><ref>Hooker p.16</ref> [[Wewengkon Naga]]: ''Assa'';<ref name="Changkija ">Changkija p.219</ref> [[Kolasib]]: ''Khaum''<ref>Arora and Hardas p.559</ref> **Cina, [[Yunnan]]: ''You-zha-guo'' (油渣果)<ref name="Hu names" /><ref>Hu 2005 p.703</ref> **Bangladés: ''Makal'';<ref>Chowdhury p.94</ref> Wewengkon Sylhet: ''Goolur''<ref name="Hu names" /> **[[Viétnam]]: ''Béo, Ké bao, Muróp rùng, Dây sén''<ref name="Hu names" /> **[[Laos]]: ''Mak klung''<ref name="Hu names" /> *Di beulah kidul, ''H. macrocarpa'': **Thailand, Wilayah Pattani: ''Kāpā yê''<ref name="Hu names" /> **Malaysia, Tanjung Malaya: ''Akar kêpayang, Kêlêpayang, Pepayang, Teruah, Breuh''<ref name="Hu names" /> **Indonésia, pulo Jawa: ''Akar kêpayang'';<ref name="Hu names" /> ([[basa Sunda]]): ''Areuy picung, Céléng'';<ref name="Hu names" /> [[Sumatra]]: ''Bilungking, Kadam''<ref name="Hu names" /> *Basa bangsa [[Eropa]]: **([[Basa Inggris]]): ''biji kadam seed, kapayang,''<ref name="Hu names" />;<ref>USDA p.2-304</ref> **([[Basa Walanda]]): ''Kadamzaad''<ref name="Hu names" /> Sawatara ngaran ieu boga harti midua (ambigu). "Kapayang" bisa boga harti ''[[Pangium edule]]''. ==Rujukan== [[Image:Hodgsonia heteroclita female.jpg|thumb|right|''Hodgsonia heteroclita'' tangkal kamayang bikang]] <div class="references-small"> <references /> *{{cite book | author = Agarwal, Vishnu Saran | year = 2003 | title = Directory of Indian economic plants | location = Dehradun | publisher = Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh | id = ISBN 81-211-0289-8}} *{{cite journal | author = R.K. Arora and M.W. Hardas | year = 1977 | month = December | title = ''Hodgsonia heteroclita''—An oil-rich cucurbit | journal = J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. | volume = 74 | issue = 3 | pages = 559&ndash;661}} *{{cite journal | author = W.J.J.O. de Wilde and B.E.E. Duyfjes | year = 2001 | title = Taxonomy of Hodgsonia (Cucurbitaceae), with a note on the ovules and seeds | journal = Blumea | volume = 46 | pages = 169&ndash;179}} *{{cite journal | last = Changkija | first = Sapu | year = 1999 | title = Folk Medicinal Plants of the Nagas in India | journal = Asian Folklore Studies | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 205&ndash;230 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0385-2342%281999%2958%3A1%3C205%3AFMPOTN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A | doi = 10.2307/1178894}} *{{cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=M. |year=1996 |url=http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPS/PGRFA/pdf/banglade.pdf |title=Bangladesh country report |format=PDF |work=FAO international technical conference on plant genetic resources |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111182548/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPS/pgrfa/pdf/banglade.pdf |archivedate=2005-01-11 }} *{{cite book | author = A.J.C. Grierson & D.G. Long | year = 1983 | title = Flora of Bhutan : including a record of plants from Sikkim | url = https://archive.org/details/floraofbhutanvol03ajcg3 | location = Edinburgh | publisher = Royal Botanic Garden | pages=263}} *{{cite book | last = Hooker | first = Joseph Dalton | year = 1855 | title = Illustrations of Himalayan plants | location = London | publisher = L. Reeve | pages = 15&ndash;23 | id = {{LCC|QK349.33|.H66|1855}} | url = http://www.illustratedgarden.org/mobot/rarebooks/title.asp?relation=QK34933H661855 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090103122748/http://www.illustratedgarden.org/mobot/rarebooks/title.asp?relation=QK34933H661855 | archive-date = 2009-01-03 | accessdate = 2008-09-25 }} *{{cite journal | author = Hsu Chien | year = 1963 | month = November | title = "Lard fruit" domesticated in China | journal = Euphytica | volume = 12 | iss = 3 | pages = 261&ndash;262 | url = http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&doi=10.1007/BF00027460 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite journal | author = Hu Shiu-ying | year = 1964 | title = The economic botany of Hodgsonia | journal = Econ. Bot. | volume = 18 | pages = 167&ndash;179}} *{{cite book | author = Hu Shiu-ying | year = 2005 | title = Food Plants of China | location = Hong Kong | publisher = Chinese University Press | pages = 703&ndash;704 | id = ISBN 962-201-860-2}} *{{cite book | last = Loewer | first = Peter | year = 2002 | title = The Evening Garden | url = https://archive.org/details/eveninggardenflo0000loew | publisher = Timber Press | id = ISBN 0-88192-532-2}} *{{cite web |author=USDA |url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/manuals/port/pdf_files/20Fruits_and_Vegetables.pdf |title=Regulating the Importation of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables |format=PDF |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512003917/http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/manuals/port/pdf_files/20Fruits_and_Vegetables.pdf |archivedate=2006-05-12 }} </div> ==Tumbu ka luar== {{commons|Hodgsonia|Hodgsonia}} *[http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume19/Cucurbitaceae-MO_coauthoringMar2008.htm eFlora of China at www.efloras.org]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hodgsonia Pictures of Hodgsonia] *[http://www.unep-wcmc.org/index.html?http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/isdb/Taxonomy/tax-species-result.cfm?Genus=Hodgsonia&Species=macrocarpa&source=plants&tabname=all~main UN distribution information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013653/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/index.html?http%3A%2F%2Fsea.unep-wcmc.org%2Fisdb%2FTaxonomy%2Ftax-species-result.cfm%3FGenus=Hodgsonia&Species=macrocarpa&source=plants&tabname=all~main |date=2007-09-30 }} *[http://www.ars-grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi-bin/taxon.pl?19186 USDA taxonomy] [[Kategori:Cucurbitaceae]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Sunda]] k1u8avd5pelt4zqo58ybss1ziaz5enl Kalénder Yahudi 0 29982 729119 708724 2026-09-26T12:36:56Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{complex}} '''Kalénder Yahudi''' nyaéta [[kalénder]] nu dipaké dina ageman [[Yahudi]]. Kalender ieu nangtukeun tanggal [[poé peré Yahudi]], nangtukeun tanggal umum keur maca bagéan [[Taurot]], ''[[Yahrzeit]]'' (tanggal mieling pupusna baraya), jeung [[Psalms]] poéan husus. {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris Basajan}} Two major forms of the calendar have been used: an observational form used before the [[Siege of Jerusalem (70)|destruction]] of the [[Second Temple]] in 70 [[Common era|CE]], and based on witnesses observing the phase of the moon, and a rule-based form first fully described by [[Maimonides]] in 1178 CE, which was adopted over a transition period between 70 and 1178. The "modern" form is a fixed arithmetic [[lunisolar calendar]]. Because of the roughly 11 day difference between twelve lunar months and one [[solar year]], the calendar repéats in a 19-yéar cycle of 235 lunar months, with an extra lunar month added once every two or three yéars, for a total of 7 times per 19 yéars. As the Hebrew calendar was developed in the region éast of the [[Mediterranean Sea]], references to séasons reflect the times and climate of the [[Northern Hemisphere]]. [[Gambar:Beit alfa01.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Mosaic pavement of a zodiac in the 6th century synagogue at Beit Alpha, Israel.]] [[Gambar:DetailOfMedievalHebrewCalendar.jpg|thumb|This figure, in a detail of a medieval Hebrew calendar, reminded Jews of the [[palm tree|palm branch]] ([[Lulav]]), the myrtle twigs, the willow branches, and the [[citron]] ([[Etrog]]) to be held in the hand and to be brought to the synagogue during the holiday of [[sukkot]], near the end of the autumn holiday season.]] Jews have been using a lunisolar calendar since Biblical times. The first commandment the Jewish Péople received as a nation was the commandment to determine the New Moon. The beginning of Exodus Chapter 12 says "This month (Nissan) is for you the first of months.". The months were originally referred to in the Bible by number rather than name. Only four pre-exilic month names appéar in the [[Tanakh]] (the [[Hebrew Bible]]): ''[[Aviv]]'' (first; literally "Spring", but originally probably méant the ripening of barley), ''Ziv'' (second; literally "Light"), ''Ethanim'' (seventh; literally "Strong" in plural, perhaps referring to strong rains), and ''Bul'' (eighth), and all are [[Canaan]]ite names. == Rujukan == * ''The Code of Maimonides (Mishneh Torah), Book Three, Treatise Eight: Sanctification of the New Moon''. Translated by Solomon Gandz. Yale Judaica Series Volume '''XI''', Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn., 1956. * Bonnie Blackburn and Léofranc Holford-Strevens. ''The Oxford Companion to the Year: An Exploration of Calendar Customs and Time-reckoning''. Oxford University Press; USA, 2000. pp 723–730. == Loka ramat lianna == * [http://desiretoshare.com/amazing.htm Ancient Jewish Text calculates Lunar Month] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105082658/http://desiretoshare.com/amazing.htm |date=2008-11-05 }} * [http://elkind.net/calendar/ Perpetual Hebrew / Civil Calendar] * [http://www.angelfire.com/pa2/passover/jewish-calendar-hebrew.html Jewish Calendar] Details various Jewish points-of-view about the history of the Jewish calendar/Hebrew calendar. Includes several charts. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091026233649/http://geocities.com/Athens/1584/ Hebrew Calendar Science and Myth] gives complete rules of the Hebrew calendar and a lot more. * [http://www.abcog.org/saadia.htm The Jewish Controversy about Calendar Postponements] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307075423/http://www.abcog.org/saadia.htm |date=2021-03-07 }} * [http://www.chabad.org/calendar/ Jewish Calendar with Zmanim - Halachic times and date converter] chabad.org * [http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sjewcale.htm Jewish calendar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618001657/http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sjewcale.htm |date=2020-06-18 }} scientific explanation at the [[NASA]] web site * [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=44&letter=C&search=Year%20of%20Creation Jewish Encyclopedia: Calendar] * [http://www.hebrew4christians.com/Holidays/Calendar/calendar.html Calendar] Hebrew for Christians website * [http://www.karaite-korner.org/holiday_dates.shtml Karaite Holidays] [[Karaite]] website * [http://www.cgate.co.il/calendar/calendar_diaspora.asp Hebrew Calendar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061202225942/http://www.cgate.co.il/calendar/calendar_diaspora.asp |date=2006-12-02 }} Dates and Holydays (Diaspora or Israel) * [http://www.sym454.org/seasons/ The Lengths of the Seasons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218221421/http://www.sym454.org/seasons/ |date=2008-12-18 }} (numerical integration analysis) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120206021256/http://www.sym454.org/hebrew/molad.htm The Hebrew Calendar] (astronomical analyses) * [http://www.sym454.org/hebrew/molad.htm The ''Molad'' of the Hebrew Calendar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206021256/http://www.sym454.org/hebrew/molad.htm |date=2012-02-06 }} (astronomical analysis) * [http://www.sym454.org/hebrew/rect.htm The Rectified Hebrew Calendar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401115432/http://www.sym454.org/hebrew/rect.htm |date=2009-04-01 }} (calendar reform proposal, includes full arithmetic algorithms for both the Traditional and the Rectified calendars) ==== Konverter tanggal ==== * [http://www.gassner.co.il/jewish-calendar Jewish Calendar for Outlook]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - A solution for incorporating Jewish dates and holidays into [[Microsoft Office Outlook]]. * [http://molad.palmcrust.com/ Molad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928143657/http://molad.palmcrust.com/ |date=2007-09-28 }} - Free Jewish Calendar with Zmanim and holidays for [[Mobiles]]. * [http://kaluach.org/ Kaluach - Hebrew/civil calendars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050919014237/http://www.kaluach.org/ |date=2005-09-19 }} * [http://www.hebcal.com/converter/ Hebcal Hebrew Date Converter] * [http://www.abdicate.net/cal.aspx Jewish/Gregorian/Julian Perpetual Calendar Converter] - Also contains a full yéar view for the Hebrew Calendar. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071125180434/http://www.geocities.com/DafAWeek/HebCal.html Sample VB.Net and Javascript code to convert the Hebrew Date to the Gregorian Date] * [http://www.chabad.org/calendar/1000year.asp?AID=6225 Use this powerful tool to convert any regular calendar date to its corresponding Jewish-calendar date, or vice versa.] * [http://www.diagnosis2012.co.uk/conv.htm Gregorian-Mayan-Julian-Islamic-Persian-Hebrew Calendar Converter] * [http://www.sym454.org/kalendis/ The ''Kalendis'' Calendar Calculator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110015903/http://www.sym454.org/kalendis/ |date=2010-01-10 }} (freeware) * [http://www.bioinfo.rpi.edu/~zukerm/hebdate/ any Gregorian to Hebrew with weekly Parshat HaShavua noted. Prints nice monthly plates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223173426/http://www.bioinfo.rpi.edu/~zukerm/hebdate/ |date=2007-02-23 }} (freeware) {{Pondok}} [[Kategori:Kalénder]] [[Kategori:Yahudi]] in56f55774ycd8j9gpcw7twtjubmm59 Vitamin D 0 30538 729345 712245 2026-09-27T02:06:58Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729345 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Cholecalciferol-3d.png|thumb|[[Kolékalsiférol]] (D<sub>3</sub>)]] '''Vitamin D''' nyaéta sagorombol [[prohormon]] nu leyur-lemak, dua di antarana anu utama nyaéta vitamin D<sub>2</sub> (atawa [[érgokalsiférol]]) jeung vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (atawa [[kolékalsiférol]])<ref name = FactD>{{cite web|url=http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp|title=Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D|publisher=National Institutes of Health|accessdate=2007-09-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716065832/http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp|archivedate=2007-07-16}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716065832/http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp |date=2007-07-16 }}</ref>. Istilah vitamin D ogé nujul ka sakur [[métabolit]] jeung analog ieu zat. Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> dihasilkeun dina kulit nu [[cahya|kasorot]] [[panonpoé]], hususna radiasi B [[ultrabungur]]. Vitamin D gedé gunana dina ngokolakeun sistem [[organ (anatomi)|organ]]<ref name= Merck>{{MerckManual|01|004|k|BABBBEAE|Vitamin D}}</ref>: *Vitamin D ngatur kadar [[kalsium]] jeung [[fosfor]] dina [[getih]] ku cara absorpsi tina katuangan dina [[peujit]] jeung ré-absorpsi kalsium dina [[ginjal]], antukna mineralisasi [[tulang]] bisa lumangsung sakumaha mistina sarta nyegah [[tétanus]] hipokalsémia. Ieu zat ogé dipikabutuh pikeun tumuwuh & mekarna tulang ku [[ostéoblast]] jeung [[ostéoklast]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=van den Berg H |title=Bioavailability of vitamin D |journal=Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=51 Sup. 1 |issue= |pages=S76–9 |year=1997 |month=January |pmid=9023488 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Cranney A, Horsley T, O'Donnell S, ''et al.'' |title=Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health |journal=Evid. Rep. Technol. Assess. |volume= |issue=158 |pages=1–235 |year=2007 |month=Agustus |pmid=18088161 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. *Tanpa ayana [[vitamin K]] atawa ubar (hususna pangéncér getih) nu ngaganggu [[métabolismeu]] vitamin K, vitamin D bisa ngarojong [[kalsifikasi]] jaringan leuleus<ref>{{cite journal |author=Price PA, Faus SA, Williamson MK |title=Warfarin-induced artery calcification is accelerated by growth and vitamin D |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=317–27 |year=2000 |month=Pébruari |pmid=10669626 |doi= |url=http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10669626 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120707184324/http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10669626 |date=2012-07-07 }}</ref>. *Nginhibisi sékrési [[hormon paratiroid]] ti kelenjar [[paratiroid]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Silver J, Russell J, Sherwood LM |title=Regulation by vitamin D metabolites of messenger ribonucleic acid for preproparathyroid hormone in isolated bovine parathyroid cells |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=82 |issue=12 |pages=4270–3 |year=1985 |month=Juni |pmid=3858880 |pmc=397979 |doi= |url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3858880}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Silver J, Naveh-Many T, Mayer H, Schmelzer HJ, Popovtzer MM |title=Regulation by vitamin D metabolites of parathyroid hormone gene transcription in vivo in the rat |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=78 |issue=5 |pages=1296–301 |year=1986 |month=Nopémber |pmid=3771798 |pmc=423816 |doi=10.1172/JCI112714 |url=}}</ref>. *Mangaruhan [[sistem imun]] ku ngarojong [[fagositosis]], aktivitas anti-tumor, jeung fungsi imunomodulatoris<ref name = SciAmNov2007/>. Kakurangan vitamin D bisa disababkeun ku (1) kurangna asupan nu dibarung ku kurang kasorot panonpoé, (2) cacad nu ngawates absorpsina, (3) kaayaan nu ngaganggu konversi vitamin D jadi [[métabolit]] aktif (kayaning cacad/gangguan [[ati]] atawa [[ginjal]]), atawa (4) sababaraha cacad turunan anu ahéng<ref name= Merck/>. Balukarna, mineralisasi tulang jadi kaganggu, nu antukna ngaleuleuskeun tulang, [[rakhitis]] pikeun barudak atanapi [[ostéomalasia]] pikeun nu sawawa, sarta béh dituna kana [[ostéoporosis]]. Najan kitu, kasorot panonpoé ogé henteu salawasna hadé, sabab mun kaleuleuwihi bisa ngabalukarkeun [[kangker kulit]]. == Bentuk == {| class = "prettytable" style = "width:40%; float:right; font-size:90%; margin-left:25px" | width="80px" align="center" |'''Ngaran''' || align="center" | '''Kandungan kimia''' || align="center" | '''Wangun''' |- | align="center" | '''Vitamin D<sub>1</sub>''' || sanyawaan [[érgokalsiférol]] jeung [[lumistérol]], 1:1 || align="center" | |- | align="center" |''' Vitamin D<sub>2</sub>''' || [[érgokalsiférol]] (tina [[érgostérol]]) || align="center" | [[Image:Ergocalciferol.svg|70px| Aya [[beungkeut ganda]] di luhur-tengah]] |- | align="center" | '''Vitamin D<sub>3</sub>'''|| [[kolékalsiférol]] (tina [[7-dehidrokoléstérol]] dina kulit) || align="center" | [[Image:Cholecalciferol.svg|70px]] |- | align="center" | '''Vitamin D<sub>4</sub>''' || [[22-dihidroérgokalsiférol]]||align="center"| [[Image:22-Dihydroergocalciferol.svg|70px]] |- | align="center" |'''Vitamin D<sub>5</sub>''' || [[sitokalsiférol]] (tina [[7-dehidrositostérol]]) ||align="center" | [[Image:Vitamin D5 structure.svg|80px]] |} Sababaraha bentuk ([[vitamér]]) vitamin D geus kapanggih (tempo tabel). Dua bentuk utama nyaéta vitamin D<sub>2</sub> atawa [[érgokalsiférol]] jeung vitamin D<sub>3</sub> atawa [[kolékalsiférol]], nu duanana katelah '''kalsiférol'''<ref>''Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary'', dina Vitamin (Table of Vitamins)</ref>. Tina jihat kimia, rupa-rupa bentuk vitamin D téh kaasup kana [[sékostéroid]], nyaéta [[stéroid]] anu hiji beungkeut dina cingcin stéroidna pegat<ref name= River>[http://vitamind.ucr.edu/about.html About Vitamin D] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115060853/http://vitamind.ucr.edu/about.html |date=2011-11-15 }} Including Sections: History, Nutrition, Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Diseases. University of California Riverside</ref>. Wangun anu béda antara vitamin D<sub>2</sub> jeung vitamin D<sub>3</sub> ukur aya dina [[ranté gigir]]na. Ranté gigir D<sub>2</sub> ngandung beungkeut ganda antara [[karbon]] 22 jeung 23, sarta hiji gugus métil dina karbon 24. Vitamin D<sub>2</sub> diturunkeun tina sumber-sumber nabati ([[fungi]] jeung [[tutuwuhan]]), henteu dijieun ku awak manusa. Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> diturunkeun tina sumber-sumber héwani sarta dijieun dina kulit nalika [[7-dehidrokoléstérol]] karadiasi UVB dina [[panjang gelombang]] 270–300&nbsp;nm, nu puncak sintésisna antara 295-297&nbsp;nm<ref name= Norman>{{cite journal |author=Norman AW |title=Sunlight, season, skin pigmentation, vitamin D, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D: integral components of the vitamin D endocrine system |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=67 |issue=6 |pages=1108–10 |year=1998 |month=Juni |pmid=9625080 |doi= |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9625080}}</ref><ref name=MacLaughlin>{{cite journal |author=MacLaughlin JA, Anderson RR, Holick MF |title=Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin |journal=Science (journal) |volume=216 |issue=4549 |pages=1001–3 |year=1982 |month=Méi |pmid=6281884 |doi= |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=6281884}}</ref>. Ieu panjang gelombang aya dina cahya panonpoé nalika [[indéks UV]]na leuwih ti 3 (aya sapanjang taun di wewengkon [[tropis]], usum panas jeung gugur di wewengkon sedeng, di wewengkon kutub mah teu aya), vitamin D<sub>3</sub> bisa dihasilkeun cukup ku kasorot salila 10-15 menit dua kali saminggu pikeun raray, leungeun, jeung tonggong buligir. Leuwih lila ti éta bakal aya kasatimbangan antara produksi jeung degradasi, antukna jumlah vitaminna mah sakitu-kitu kénéh<ref name="FactD"/>. Dina awak manusa, D<sub>3</sub> jeung D<sub>2</sub> sarua pangaruhna dina ngaronjatkeun kadar hormon vitamin D dina sirkulasi<ref>{{cite journal |author=Holick MF, Biancuzzo RM, Chen TC, ''et al.'' |title=Vitamin D2 is as effective as vitamin D3 in maintaining circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=677–81 |year=2008 |month=Maret |pmc=2266966 |pmid=18089691 |doi=10.1210/jc.2007-2308 |url=}}</ref>, najan aya ogé nu nyebutkeun yén D<sub>3</sub> leuwih matih batan D<sub>2</sub><ref>[[Institute of Medicine]]. (2006) ''Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis: Workshop Summary'', [http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11767&page=27 kc. 27]. National Academies Press.</ref>. Dina awak séjén [[spésiés]], contona [[beurit]], vitamin D<sub>2</sub> leuwih jétu pangaruhna batan D<sub>3</sub><ref>{{cite journal | author=Coates, M. E. | title=Requirements of different species for vitamins '''Full Text-pdf''' | journal=Proc. Nutr. Soc. | year=1968 | volume=27 | issue=2 | pages=143&ndash;148 | pmid=5755261 | url=http://docstore.ingenta.com/cgi-bin/ds_deliver/1/u/d/ISIS/33840020.1/cabi/pns/1968/00000027/00000002/art00019/89A25EAB89BAB011116525855554705D47CC65A51B.pdf?link=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/error/delivery&format=pdf | doi=10.1079/PNS19680039 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Boh vitamin D<sub>2</sub> atawa D<sub>3</sub> dipaké salaku panambih/suplemén gizi, kaasup bentuk [[farmasi]] [[kalsitriol]] (1alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), doxercalciferol and [[calcipotriene]].<ref name=PDR>Vitamin D; The Physicians Desk Reference. 2006 Thompson Healthcare.</ref> == Biokimia == Vitamin D téh prohormon, hartina teu boga aktivitas [[hormon]] anu mandiri, tapi dirobah jadi hormon aktif 1,25-D dina mékanismeu sintésis anu diatur. Produksi vitamin D di alam ampir salawasna merlukeun ayana sorot cahya UV; samalah vitamin D dina katuangan gé diturunkeun tina [[organismeu]], ti [[su'ung]] nepi ka héwani, nu teu bisa nyieun sorangan iwal mun aya cahya UV. Pikeun conto, vitamin D dina lauk asalna tina ganggang nu nyintésis éta zat dina cai dé'ét nu katojo ku UV panonpoé. === Produksi dina kulit === [[Image:Skinlayers.png|thumb|250px|right|Lapisan/strata épidermal dina [[kulit]]. Vitamin D paling loba dihasilkeun dina stratum basale (kelir [[beureum]] dina gambar) jeung stratum spinosum (kelir [[oranyeu]]).]] Kulit téh kabagi jadi dua lapisan utama: (1) lapisan jero nu disebut [[dermis]] nu lolobana diwangun ku [[jaringan konéktif]] jeung (2) [[épidermis (kulit)|épidermis]], bagian luar anu leuwih ipis. Épidermis diwangun ku lima ''strata'' nu urutanana (ti luar ka jero) [[stratum corneum]], [[stratum lucidum]], [[stratum granulosum]], [[stratum spinosum]], jeung [[stratum basale]]. Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> dijieun ku cara fotokimia dina [[kulit]] tina [[7-dehidrokoléstérol]] nu paling loba numpuk dina lapisan épidermal, utamana dina stratum basale jeung stratum spinosum<ref name="Norman"/>. Ku kituna, produksi pra-vitamin D<sub>3</sub> paling loba dina dua stratum éta. <!-- Synthesis in the skin involves [[UVB radiation]] which effectively penetrates only the epidermal layers of skin. While 7-Dehydrocholesterol absorbs UV light at [[wavelength]]s between 270–300 [[nanometer|nm]], optimal synthesis occurs in a narrow band of UVB spectra between 295-300 nm. Peak isomerization is found at 297 nm. This narrow segment is sometimes referred to as D-UV.<ref name=MacLaughlin>{{cite journal |author=MacLaughlin JA, Anderson RR, Holick MF |title=Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin |journal=Science (journal) |volume=216 |issue=4549 |pages=1001–3 |year=1982 |month=May |pmid=6281884 |doi= |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=6281884}}</ref> The two most important factors that govern the generation of pre-vitamin D<sub>3</sub> are the quantity (intensity) and quality (appropriate wavelength) of the UVB irradiation reaching the 7-dehydrocholesterol deep in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum.<ref name= Norman/> A critical determinant of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> production in the skin is the presence and concentration of [[melanin]]. Melanin functions as a light filter in the skin, and therefore the concentration of melanin in the skin is related to the ability of UVB light to penetrate the epidermal strata and reach the 7-dehydrocholesterol-containing stratum basale and stratum spinosum. Under normal circumstances, ample quantities of 7-dehydrocholesterol (about 25-50 [[microgram|µg]]/[[Centimetre|cm]]² of skin) are available in the stratum spinosum and stratum basale of human skin to meet the body's vitamin D requirements,<ref name= Norman/> and melanin content does not alter the amount of vitamin D that can be produced.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Matsuoka LY, Wortsman J, Haddad JG, Kolm P, Hollis BW |title=Racial pigmentation and the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D |journal=Arch Dermatol |volume=127 |issue=4 |pages=536–8 |year=1991 |month=April |pmid=1848745 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Thus, individuals with higher skin melanin content will simply require more time in sunlight to produce the same amount of vitamin D as individuals with lower melanin content. As noted below, the amount of time an individual requires to produce a given amount of Vitamin D may also depend upon the person's distance from the equator and on the season of the year. <br style="clear:both" /> ===Synthesis mechanism (form 3)=== <table border=1><tr><td> Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> is synthesized from [[7-dehydrocholesterol]], a derivative of [[cholesterol]], which is then [[photochemistry|photolyzed]] by ultraviolet light in 6-electron [[conrotatory]] [[electrocyclic reaction]]. The product is ''[[previtamin D3|pre-vitamin D<sub>3</sub>]]''.</td><td> [[Image:Reaction-Dehydrocholesterol-PrevitaminD3.png|400px]]</td></tr> <tr><td> Pre-vitamin D<sub>3</sub> then spontaneously [[Isomer|isomerize]]s to Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> in a [[antarafacial]] hydride [1,7] [[Sigmatropic shift]].</td><td> [[Image:Reaction-PrevitaminD3-VitaminD3.png|400px]]</td></tr> <tr><td> Whether it is made in the skin or ingested, vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (cholecalciferol) is then [[hydroxylated]] in the [[liver]] to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> or [[calcidiol]]) by the enzyme [[25-hydroxylase]] produced by [[hepatocytes]], and stored until it is needed. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is further hydroxylated in the [[kidneys]] by the enzyme [[1α-hydroxylase]], into two dihydroxylated metabolites, the main biologically active hormone 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D<sub>3</sub> or calcitriol) and 24R,25(OH)2D<sub>3</sub>. This conversion occurs in a tightly regulated fashion, with renal 1α-hydroxylase being stimulated by either [[PTH|parathyroid hormone]] or [[hypophosphatemia]]. Calcitriol is represented below right (hydroxylated Carbon 1 is on the lower ring at right, hydroxylated Carbon 25 is at the upper right end).</td><td> [[Image:Reaction-VitaminiD3-Calcitriol.png|400px]]</td></tr></table> ===Mechanism of action=== After vitamin D is produced in the skin or consumed in food, it is converted in the [[liver]] and [[kidney]] to form 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, (1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D) the physiologically active form of vitamin D (when "D" is used without a subscript it refers to either D<sub>2</sub> or D<sub>3</sub>). This metabolically active form of vitamin D is known as calcitriol. Following this conversion, calcitriol is released into the circulation, and by binding to a carrier protein in the [[blood plasma|plasma]], [[GC (gene)|vitamin D binding protein (VDBP)]], it is transported to various target organs.<ref name= River>[http://vitamind.ucr.edu/about.html About Vitamin D] Including Sections: History, Nutrition, Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Diseases. University of California Riverside</ref> The hormonally active form of vitamin D mediates its biological effects by binding to the [[vitamin D receptor]] (VDR), which is principally located in the [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]] of target cells.<ref name= River/> The binding of calcitriol to the VDR allows the VDR to act as a [[transcription factor]] that modulates the [[gene expression]] of transport proteins (such as [[TRPV6]] and [[calbindin]]), which are involved in calcium absorption in the intestine. The Vitamin D receptor belongs to the [[nuclear receptor]] superfamily of [[Steroid hormone receptor|steroid/thyroid hormone receptors]], and VDR are expressed by cells in most [[organ (biology)|organs]], including the [[brain]], [[heart]], [[skin]], [[gonads]], [[prostate]], and [[breast]]. VDR activation in the intestine, bone, kidney, and parathyroid gland cells leads to the maintenance of [[calcium]] and [[phosphorus]] levels in the [[blood]] (with the assistance of [[parathyroid hormone]] and [[calcitonin]]) and to the maintenance of [[bone]] content.<ref name= Sun>{{cite journal | author=Holick MF | title=Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease | journal=American Journal of Clinical Nutrition '''Full Text''' | year=2004 | pages=1678S–88S| volume=80 | issue=6 | url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/6/1678S | pmid=15585788 }}</ref> The VDR is known to be involved in [[cell proliferation]] and [[cellular differentiation|differentiation]]. Vitamin D also [[#Role in immunomodulation|affects the immune system]], and VDR are expressed in several [[white blood cell]]s including [[monocyte]]s and activated [[T cell|T]] and [[B cell]]s.<ref name=PDR>[http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/vit_0265.shtml Vitamin D] The Physicians Desk Reference. 2006 Thompson Healthcare.</ref> --> == Rujukan == <!-- --------------------------------------------------------------- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the <ref> & </ref> tags and the {{Reflist}} template -------------------------------------------------------------------- --> * ''[[:en:Vitamin D|Vitamin D]]''. Wikipédia basa Inggris (disalin 4 Maret 2009). {{Reflist|2}} == Bacaan salajengna == *[http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp Vitamin D Fact Sheet] ti [[National Institutes of Health]] [[AS]] *[http://www.dairycouncilofca.org/PDFs/vitaminD.pdf Vitamin D: An Old Vitamin With New Health Implications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227133235/http://www.dairycouncilofca.org/PDFs/vitaminD.pdf |date=2009-02-27 }} *{{dmoz|Health/Nutrition/Nutrients/Vitamins_and_Minerals/Vitamin_D/}} *[http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.txt.asp?a=414 History of Vitamin D] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204111737/http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.txt.asp?a=414 |date=2013-02-04 }} *[http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/ The Vitamin D Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509091115/http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/ |date=2008-05-09 }} * {{cite journal |author=Tavera-Mendoza LE, White JH |title=Cell defenses and the sunshine vitamin |journal=Sci. Am. |volume=297 |issue=5 |pages=62–5, 68–70, 72 |year=2007 |month=Nopémber |pmid=17990825 |doi= |url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=cell-defenses-and-the-sunshine-vitamin }} *Quirks & Quarks, CBC Radio. 7 Juni 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611041538/http://www.cbc.ca/quirks/archives/07-08/jun07.html The Vitamin D Miracle Cure] Pintonan kaélmuan ti Kanada nu diasuh ku [[Bob McDonald (wartawan)|Bob McDonald]] *[http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2007/may2007_report_vitamind_03.htm Leuwih ti saratus rujukan ilmiah]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{vitamin}} {{hormon}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Vitamin|D]] 5qjvij2im2mo8d89qjfwrtqlt6d0k7u Républik Indonésia Sarikat 0 30727 729308 680075 2026-09-27T00:08:44Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Républik Indonésia Serikat]] ka [[Républik Indonésia Sarikat]] 680075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} '''Républik Indonésia Sarikat''', disingket '''RIS''', nyaéta hiji nagara [[federasi]] anu ngadeg dina tanggal [[27 Désémber]] taun [[1949]] minangka hasil kasapukan tilu pihak dina [[Konférénsi Méja Bunder]]: [[Republik Indonesia]], ''[[Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg]]'' (BFO), sarta [[Walanda]]. Kasapukan ieu disaksian ogé ku ''[[United Nations Commission for Indonesia]]'' (UNCI) minangka wawakil [[PBB]]. Républik Indonésia Serikat diwangun ku sababaraha nagara bagian, nyaéta: # [[Republik Indonésia]] # [[Nagara Indonésia Timur]] # [[Nagara Pasundan]] # [[Nagara Jawa Timur]] # [[Nagara Madura]] # [[Nagara Sumatra timur]] # [[Nagara Sumatra Selatan]] Sajaba ti éta, aya ogé nagara-nagara anu nangtung sorangan sarta teu ngagabung kana federasi, nyaéta: # [[Jawa Tengah]] # [[Kalimantan Barat]] # [[Dayak Besar]] # [[Daerah Banjar]] # [[Kalimantan Tenggara]] # [[Kalimantan Timur (RIS)|Kalimantan Timur]] (henteu kaasup urut wewengkon Kasultanan Pasir) # [[Bangka]] # [[Belitung]] # [[Riau]] Républik Indonésia Serikat dibubarkan dina tanggal [[17 Agustus]] taun [[1950]]. Républik Indonésia Serikat mibanda konstitusi nyaéta Konstitusi RIS. Piagam Konstitusi RIS ditandatanganan ku para Lulugu Nagara/Daerah ti 16 Nagara/Daerah Bagian RIS, nyaéta # Mr. [[Susanto Tirtoprodjo]] ti Negara Républik Indonésia nurutkeun jangji-pasini Renville. # [[Sultan Hamid II]] ti Wewengkon Istimiwa Kalimantan Barat # [[Ideu Anak Agoeng Gde Agoeng]] ti Negara Indonésia Timur # [[R.A.A. Tjakraningrat]] ti Negara Madura # [[Mohammad Hanafiah]] ti Daerah Banjar # [[Mohammad Jusuf Rasidi]] ti Bangka # K.A. [[Mohammad Jusuf]] ti Belitung # [[Muhran bin Haji Ali]] ti Dayak Besar # Dr. [[R.V. Sudjito]] ti Jawa Tengah # [[Raden Soedarmo]] ti Negara Jawa Wétan # [[M. Jamani]] ti Kalimantan Tenggara # [[A.P. Sosronegoro]] ti Kalimantan Timur # Mr. [[Djumhana Wiriatmadja]] ti Negara Pasundan # [[Radja Mohammad]] ti Riau # [[Abdul Malik]] ti Negara Sumatra Selatan # [[Radja Kaliamsyah Sinaga]] ti Negara Sumatra Timur ==Rujukan== *''30 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka, 1945-1949, Sekretariat Nagara RI'', 1986, kaca 243-244. [[Kategori:Sajarah Indonésia]] [[Kategori:RIS| ]] 37xinwcmxyprpm36tyr66prcv84of6e Maéhan manéh 0 30860 729222 711696 2026-09-26T17:38:05Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} [[Gambar:Henry Wallis - The Death of Chatterton.jpg|thumb|right|320px|Lukisan panyajak romantik [[Inggris]] [[Thomas Chatterton]], nu dianggap nelasan manéh ku racun arsénik taun [[1770]].]] '''Maéhan manéh''' nyaéta peta maéhan diri sorangan, kalawan alesan nu rupa-rupa: [[wirang]], rumasa boga salah, pegat harepan, [[kasakit anu kacida]], teu kuat nandangan hirup anu lara balangsak, diganggayong ku kasusah anu taya anggeusna, atawa kaayaan séjén anu teu dipiharep. Catetan [[WHO]] nyebutkeun yén unggal taunna aya sayuta jalma nelasan manéh, ku kituna jadi salah sahiji sabab utama pati pikeun umur rumaja jeung sawawa méméh 35 taun<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1071203.html CIS: UN Body Takes On Rising Suicide Rates]</ref>. Anu teu nepi ka paéhna bisa ngahontal angka 20 yuta<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A |title=Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: a worldwide perspective |journal=World Psychiatry |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=181–5 |year=2002 |month=October |pmid=16946849 |pmc=1489848 }}</ref>. Peta nelasan manéh bisa ditempo tina sababaraha jihat, utamana [[agama]], [[kahormatan]], jeung [[ajén hirup]]. Dina ajaran [[Islam]] (jeung [[millah Ibrohim]] lianna), nelasan manéh téh kaasup dosa gedé. Di dunya Kulon, ieu peta kaasup [[kajahatan]]. Urang [[Jepang]] boga adat [[seppuku]], hiji cara nelasan manéh anu pangnyerina, minangka peta pikeun nebus kasalahan atawa kagagalan, atawa minangka bentuk protés dina jaman [[samurai]]. Dina dunya militér/perang, nelasan manéh dipaké minangka [[kamikazé]] atawa pikeun [[bom nelasan manéh|ngabom]]. Dina adat Hindu, aya [[sati]] pikeun randa nu ditinggalkeun maot ku salaki, boh ku kahayang sorangan atawa kapaksa ku kahayang kulawarga<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/news/words/general/020807_witn.shtml Indian woman commits sati suicide ]</ref>. [[Eutanasia]], nelasan manéh ku cara médis, nepi ka kiwari masih dipadungdengkeun nalika nyanghareupan sababaraha rupa kasakit parna. Ngorbankeun manéh pikeun nyalametkeun nu séjén teu dianggap nelasan manéh, ku sabab tujuanana pikeun nyalametkeun nu séjén. Tina jihat kadokteran, nelasan manéh téh raket tumalina jeung [[kawaluyaan méntal]]. Tarékah nelasan manéh kadang bisa dihartikeun "ménta tulung" jeung kahayang dipiroséa, atawa ngedalkeun peunggasna harepan atawa kahayang leupas tina kasusah, lain meleg-meleg hayang paéh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/document/MNH/ebrief07.pdf|title=WHO Europe - Suicide Prevention|date=2005-01-15|accessdate=2008-09-16|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216000607/http://www.euro.who.int/document/MNH/ebrief07.pdf|archivedate=2008-02-16}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216000607/http://www.euro.who.int/document/MNH/ebrief07.pdf |date=2008-02-16 }}</ref>. Nu nyobaan nelasan manéh lolobana teu hasil dina sakali, sabab nu biasana nepi ka maot téh sanggeus sababaraha kali nyobaan<ref>{{cite journal |author=Shaffer D |title=The epidemiology of teen suicide: an examination of risk factors |journal=J Clin Psychiatry |volume=49 |issue=Suppl |pages=36–41 |year=1988 |month=September |pmid=3047106 }}</ref>. == Rujukan == *''[[:en:Suicide|Suicide]]'' (disalin 4 Agustus 2009) {{Reflist}} == Bacaan salajengna == * {{cite book |author=Gambotto, Antonella |title=[[The Eclipse: A Memoir of Suicide]] |publisher=Broken Ankle Books |location=Australia |year=2004 |pages=197pgs |isbn=0-975-1075-1-8|oclc= |doi=}} * {{cite book |author=Jamison, Kay Redfield |title=Night Falls Fast: Understanding Suicide |url=https://archive.org/details/nightfallsfastun00jami |publisher=Vintage |location=New York |year=2000 |pages=448pgs}} * {{cite book |author=Simpson, George Gaylord; Durkheim, Emile |title=Suicide: a study in sociology |publisher=Free Press |location=New York |year=1997 |pages= |isbn=0-684-83632-7 |oclc= |doi=}} * {{cite book |author=McDowell, Eugene E.; Stillion, Judith M. |title=Suicide across the life span: premature exits |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=Washington, DC |year=1996 |pages= |isbn=1-56032-304-3 |oclc= |doi=}} * {{cite book |author=Stone, Geo |title=Suicide and attempted suicide |publisher=Carroll & Graf |location=New York, NY |year=2001 |pages= |isbn=0-7867-0940-5 |oclc= |doi=}} * {{cite book |author=Hakim, David |title=Man Down [http://cinesourcemagazine.com/index.php?/site/dhakim_fa/man_down/ CineSource Magazine] |year=2008}} == Tumbu kaluar == * [http://www.theovernight.org/ American Foundation for Suicide Prevention] * [http://www.stampoutsuicide.org.uk/ Stamp Out Suicide!] Sumberdaya émbaran pikeun nu di Inggris jeung Irlandia {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Sosiologi]] dyewpl0jy6uqdj2ipv3sat8gghg3fwj Kaféin 0 31017 729106 712341 2026-09-26T12:27:34Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729106 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Caffeine.svg|180px|thumb|Wangun kimia '''kaféin''', [[stimulan sistem saraf puseur]].]] '''Kaféin''' atawa nyaéta hiji [[sanyawa kimia|sanyawa]] [[alkaloid]] [[stimulan]] [[psikoaktif]], kapanggih ku [[kimia]]wan [[Jérman]] [[Friedrich Ferdinand Runge]] taun [[1819]] (anjeunna ngistilahkeun ''kaffein'', zat kimia anu aya dina [[kopi]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/caffeine |title=caffeine - Definitions from Dictionary.com|accessdate=2009-08-03}}</ref>. Ieu zat téh ogé bagian tina campuran kimia '''guaranin''' nu aya dina [[guarana]], '''matéin''' nu aya dina maté, jeung '''téin''' nu aya dina [[entéh]]; kabéhanana ngandung [[alkaloid]] lian kayaning [[téofilin]] jeung [[téobromin]], stimulan jantung<ref name="Ref-1">{{cite book|author = Balentine D. A., Harbowy M. E. and Graham H. N.|title = Tea: the Plant and its Manufacture; Chemistry and Consumption of the Beverage|journal = Caffeine|year = 1998|editor = G Spiller}}</ref>. Kaféin dikandung dina [[kacang]]/[[siki]], [[daun]], jeung [[buah]] kalawan kadar anu béda-béda. Gunana taya lian pikeun [[péstisida]] alami nu [[paralisis|maralisis]] jeung bisa maéhan [[serangga]] nu ngahakan éta tutuwuhan. Sumber kaféin pikeun manusa biasana diala tina ékstrak [[siki kopi]] jeung daun [[Camellia sinensis]], sarta kadaharan/inuman nu ngandung produk turunan [[siki kola]]. Pikeun awak [[manusa]], kaféin téh stimulan [[sistem saraf puseur]], nu balukarna sacara samentara bisa ngaleungitkeun rasa tunduh sarta ngaronjatkeun kawaspadaan. Kiwari, kaféin jadi [[zat psikoaktif]] nu panglobana dikonsumsi, utamana ku sabab ieu zat mah teu dicaram konsumsina. Di Amérika Kalér, unggal poé 90% sawawa ngonsumsi kaféin<ref name="demon drink">{{cite journal|last = Lovett|first = Richard|title = Coffee: The demon drink?|journal = New Scientist|issue = 2518|date = 24 Séptémber 2005|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18725181.700|accessdate=2009-08-03|format=fee required}}</ref>. Badan POM AS (FDA) ngadaptar kaféin salaku "''multiple purpose generally recognized as safe food substance''" (zat kadaharan multiguna nu sacara umum aman)<ref name="GRAS">{{cite web |url=http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2003/aprqtr/21cfr182.1180.htm |title=21 CFR 182.1180 |accessdate=2009-08-03|date=2003-04-01 |work=U.S. [[Code of Federal Regulations]] |publisher=U.S. [[Office of the Federal Register]] |page=462}}</ref>. [[Gambar:CoffeePalestineStereo.jpg|thumb|Adat ngopi di Paléstina, taun [[1900-an]].]] Kaféin mibanda pasipatan [[diurétik]], sahanteuna mun dibikeun ka nu teu [[toléransi obat|toléran obat]] kalawan dosis anu cukup<ref name="diuretic">{{cite journal|last=Griffin |first = R. J. |title=Caffeine ingestion and fluid balance: a review|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-human-nutrition-and-dietetics_2003-12_16_6/page/411 |journal=Journal of human nutrition and dietetics|issue=6|volume=16|year=2003|doi=10.1046/j.1365-277X.2003.00477.x|page=411}}</ref>. Sabalikna, pikeun nu geus biasa ngonsumsi mah toléransina beuki luat<ref name="diuretic"/>, sarta teu ngabalukarkeun déhidrasi<ref name="really">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/04/health/nutrition/04real.html?_r=1 |title=Really? The Claim: Caffeine Causes Dehydration|publisher= The New York Times|accessdate=2009-08-03}}</ref><ref name="armstrong2007">{{cite journal | author = Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Maresh CM, Ganio MS | year = 2007 | title = Caffeine, fluid-electrolyte balance, temperature regulation, and exercise-heat tolerance | url = https://archive.org/details/exercise-sport-sciences_2007-07_35_3/page/135 | journal = Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 135–140 | pmid = 17620932 | doi = 10.1097/jes.0b013e3180a02cc1}} (Review article)</ref><ref name="armstrong2005">{{cite journal | author = Armstrong LE, Pumerantz AC, Roti MW, Judelson DA, Watson G, Dias JC, Sokmen B, Casa DJ, Maresh CM, Lieberman H, Kellogg M. | year = 2005 | title = Fluid, electrolyte, and renal indices of hydration during 11 days of controlled caffeine consumption | journal = Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 252–265 | pmid = 16131696}} (Placebo controlled randomized clinical trial)</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Tumbu kaluar == === Émbaran umum === * [http://home.howstuffworks.com/caffeine.htm How Stuff Works: "How Caffeine Works"] * [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/caffeine/caffeine.shtml Erowid Caffeine Vaults] * [http://sxph.org/caffeine/ Highly Caffeinated: The Caffeine Information Archive"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904024724/http://sxph.org/caffeine/ |date=2009-09-04 }} * [http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0501/feature1/ National Geographic January 2005: Caffeine] * [http://www.caffeinezone.com Caffeine Zone: Social and Medical info on caffeine and its effects.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809214850/http://caffeinezone.com/ |date=2019-08-09 }} * [http://www.thenakedscientists.com/html/columnists/dalyacolumn2.htm Naked Scientists Online: Why do plants make caffeine?] * [http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/1997/11nov/caffeine.htm ''The Physician and Sportsmedicine'': Caffeine: A User's Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621111946/http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/1997/11nov/caffeine.htm |date=2008-06-21 }} * [http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU21.html The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs, Caffeine-Part 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108074858/http://www.druglibrary.org/Schaffer/LIBRARY/studies/cu/CU21.html |date=2010-11-08 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100916061300/http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU22.html Part 2] * [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6155178 Coffee: A Little Really Does Go a Long Way, NPR, [[September 28]], 2006] * [http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/4664/Does-coffee-really-give-you-a-buzz- Does coffee really give you a buzz? by John Triggs in the Daily Express April 17 2007] * [http://chemsub.online.fr/chemsearch/cas_number_58-08-2.html Caffeine: ChemSub Online]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/caffeine/AN01211 How much caffeine is in your daily habit? (Caffeine content in common foods and drinks) by Mayo Clinic Staff October 2007] * [http://www.camo.com/downloads/resources/application_notes/decaffeinated_coffee_NIR_spectroscopy.pdf How to determine caffeine in decaffeinated coffee by NIR spectroscopy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205710/http://www.camo.com/downloads/resources/application_notes/decaffeinated_coffee_NIR_spectroscopy.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }} === Warta === * [http://historyofalcoholanddrugs.typepad.com/alcohol_and_drugs_history/caffeine/index.html Alcohol and Drugs History Society: Caffeine news page] * [http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=30d6d514-1c68-441a-bbec-5b80ae23627f&k=45911 National Post: Caffeine linked to psychiatric disorders] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100823020136/http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/press_releases/2004/09_29_04.html Caffeine Withdrawal Recognized as a Disorder] === Kawaluyaan === * [http://www.benbest.com/health/caffeine.html Is Caffeine a Health Hazard?] * [http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3115.htm eMedicine Caffeine-Related Psychiatric Disorders] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7326839.stm Protects brain from Alzheimer's?] {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Kaféin]] [[Kategori:Kopi]] og79zd14xu5bucj6kz0hrdjqlfnr3g3 Stasion Bandung 0 31166 729301 705461 2026-09-26T23:47:41Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox stasiun | name = Bandung | othername = Stasion Hall | image = Stasiun Bandung Selatan 2025.jpg | caption = Stasion Bandung beulah kidul, 2025 | image_width = 250px | prov = Jawa Kulon | kota = Bandung | kacamatan kota = Andir | kalurahan kota = Kebonjeruk | alamat = Jalan Stasiun Timur No.1 (Lawang kidul) <br> Jalan Kebon Kawung No.43 (Lawang kalér) | kodepos = 40181 | operator = [[Daérah Operasi II Bandung]] | open = 18 Séptémber 1884 | nomor = 1430 | ticketting = Sistem tikét ''onlén''; ngalayanan pemesenan langsung jeung parobahan/pabolayan kaberangkatan di lokét. Aya fasilitas ala [[Bandar udara|bandara]] mangrupa ''check-in'' mandiri pikeun nyitak ''boarding pass''. | close = | class = Badag tipeu A | letak = km 155+134 lintas [[Stasion Bogor|Bogor]]–[[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]]–<br>[[Stasion Banjar|Banjar]]–[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]]–[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] <br> km 0+000 lintas [[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]]–<br>[[Stasion Cikudapateuh|Cikudapateuh]]–''Dayeuhkolot''–''Majalaya/Ciwidéy'' | tinggi = +709 m | kode = BD | line = '''Karéta api Pénumpang'''<br>'''Jalur Barat Jawa''': [[Karéta api Argo Parahyangan|Argo Parahyangan]] (Regular jeung Tambahan) jeung [[Karéta api Cikuray|Cikuray]]<br>'''Jalur Selatan Jawa''': [[Karéta api Baturradén Éksprés|Baturradén Éksprés]], [[Karéta api Lodaya|Lodaya]], [[Karéta api Argo Wilis|Argo Wilis]], [[Karéta api Turangga|Turangga]], [[Karéta api Mutiara Selatan|Mutiara Selatan]], [[Karéta api Malabar|Malabar]], jeung [[Karéta api Pangandaran|Pangandaran]]<br>'''Jalur Jawa Utara''': [[Karéta api Ciremai Éksprés|Ciremai Éksprés]] jeung [[Karéta api Harina|Harina]]<br>'''Lokal/Komuter'''<br>Commuter Line ([[Karéta api Commuter Line Bandung Raya|Bandung Raya]] jeung [[Karéta api Commuter Line Garut|Lokal Garut]]) | track = 10 (jalur 3 & 4: sepur lurus) | parking = Aya | boardingpass = Aya, iwal ti KA lokal/komuter ngagunakeun tikét ''thermal'' | musala = Aya | toilet = Aya | atm = Aya | difabel = Aya | cs = Aya | platform = 7 | persinyalan = Éléktrik | arsitektur = Art deco | arsitek = F.J.A. Cousin<ref name="kunto">{{cite book|last=Kunto|first=H|year=1984|title=Wajah Bandoeng Tempo Doeloe|place=Bandung|publisher=Granesia}}</ref> | renovated = 1909 | peta = Indonésia Bandung | latd = 6 | latm = 54 | lats = 51.35 | latNS = S | longd = 107 | longm = 36 | longs = 8.47 | longEW = E | coordinates_display = it }} [[File:ᮞ᮪ᮒᮞᮤᮇᮔ᮪ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ 00.jpg|250px|thumb|Stasion Bandung beulah kalér|kiri]] '''Stasion Bandung (BD)''' atawa '''Stasion Hall''' ([[Aksara Sunda]]: ᮞ᮪ᮒᮞᮤᮇᮔ᮪ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ) nyaéta [[stasion karéta api]] kelas badag tipeu A anu perenahna di [[Kebonjeruk, Andir, Bandung|Kebonjeruk, Andir, Kota Bandung]], pasna di wates antara [[Pasirkaliki, Cicéndo, Bandung|Kalurahan Pasirkaliki]] jeung [[Kebonjeruk, Andir, Bandung|Kebonjeruk]]. Stasion anu aya di tingkat kaluhuran +709 méter ieu mangrupa stasion panggedéna anu aya di [[Daérah Operasi II Bandung]]. Stasion ieu saméméhna ngan boga hiji wangunan stasion. Saenggeus dirénovasi ku [[Pamaréntah]] [[Kota Bandung]], stasion ieu kiwari miboga dua wangunan sanajan masih kénéh ngahiji. Stasion ini perenahna di Jalan Stasiun Timur No. 1 (pintu kidul) jeung Jalan Kebon Kawung No. 43 (pintu kalér), Kota Bandung. Stasion ieu ogé dipikawanoh minangka terminal [[angkot|angkutan kota]] lantaran ku lobana angkot jurusan stasion ieu, otomatis stasion Bandung jadi kasohor ku gelar “terminal angkot”.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://transportasiumum.com/content/rute-angkot-bandung/|title=Angkutan Umum: Angkot Kota Bandung|publisher=Transportasiumum.com|accessdate=14 September 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914172143/https://transportasiumum.com/content/rute-angkot-bandung/ |date=14 September 2017 }}</ref> Stasion ieu mangrupa [[stasion karéta api]] panggedéna di [[Kota Bandung]] jeung [[Jawa Kulon]]. Mimiti taun [[2014]], [[Karéta api lokal Bandung Raya|KA lokal Bandung Raya]] jeung [[Karéta api lokal Cibatu|KA Lokal Cibatu]] teu dilayanan di pintu kalér stasion, ngan dilayanan di pintu kidul wungkul, pikeun ningkatkeun palayanan ka panumpang jeung calon panumpang di ieu stasion. Stasion ieu mindeng dijadikeun minangka stasion karéta api pacontoan (''pilot project'') ku PT KAI dina sisi kualitas palayanan pikeun satingkat jeung [[bandara]]. Kusabab kitu, PT KAI ngajadikeun stasion ieu minangka stasion karéta api munggaran di Indonésia anu nerapkeun sistem ''check-in'' jeung ''boarding pass'' mimiti Pébruari 2016<ref>{{cite web |language=id |url=http://www.tribunnews.com/travel/2016/02/22/mulai-senin-stasion-bandung-berlakukan-aturan-boarding-pass-ini-yang-harus-dilakukan-penumpang |title=Mulai Senin, Stasiun Bandung Berlakukan Aturan Boarding Pass, Ini yang Harus Dilakukan Penumpang |last=Haryadi |first=Malvyandie |date=22 Pébruari 2016 |publisher=Tribun Jabar |access-date=14 Séptémber 2017 |accessdate=2026-02-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223123456/http://www.tribunnews.com/travel/2016/02/22/mulai-senin-stasion-bandung-berlakukan-aturan-boarding-pass-ini-yang-harus-dilakukan-penumpang |archivedate=2016-02-23}}</ref> sarta sistem pamariksaan bagasi ngagunakeun [[sinar-X]] mimiti Oktober 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elshinta.com/news/159511/2018/10/29/optimalkan-keamanan-stasion-ka-bandung-operasikan-xray|title=Optimalkan keamanan, Stasion KA Bandung operasikan x-ray|last=Indonesia|first=PT. Content First|website=elshinta.com|access-date=2018-11-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025141620/https://elshinta.com/news/159511/2018/10/29/optimalkan-keamanan-stasion-ka-bandung-operasikan-xray |date=2021-10-25 }}</ref> [[File:Stasiun Bandung Peron Utara.jpg|thumb|Ruang tunggu kalér stasion Bandung|kiri]] Ka arah kulon stasion ieu aya urut stasion Bandung Gudang anu geus teu aktip lantaran geus euweuh deui aktivitas pangangkutan barang di dinya. [[File:Stasiun Bandung Skybridge.jpg|250px|thumb|Skybridge stasion Bandung ditempo ti kajauhan]] Ayeuna, stasion Bandung geus boga sasak layang (''skybridge'') di wétaneun stasion Bandung, anu ditujukeun husus pikeun panumpang. Salian éta, [[péron]] jalur 1 sarta péron antara jalur 2 jeung 3 dijangkungan sarta péron jalur 4, 5, jeung 6 dipanjangan pikeun ngaluyukeun jeung ''travelator'' anu nyambung ka sasak layang éta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-5187838/wajah-baru-stasiun-bandung-dengan-skybridge-yang-instagrammable|title=Wajah Baru Stasiun Bandung dengan Skybridge yang Instagrammable|last=Fatimah|first=Siti|website=detikTravel|language=id|accessdate=2021-05-23}}</ref> Patali jeung proyék modérnisasi pasinyalan karéta api, ti mimiti Maret 2021 di stasion ieu jeung stasion Ciroyom dilakukeun prosés pikeun ngaganti sinyal anu heubeul jieunan Siemens anu geus 50 taun ku sinyal anu anyar meunang nyieun PT Len Industri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediaindonesia.com/ekonomi/385817/kucurkan-rp138-m-ini-progam-padat-karya-ka-kemenhub-di-jabar|title=Kucurkan Rp13,8 M, Ini Progam Padat Karya KA Kemenhub di Jabar|last=developer|first=mediaindonesia com|website=mediaindonesia.com|language=id|accessdate=2021-05-23}}</ref> == Sajarah == [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Frontaanzicht van het spoorwegstation te Bandoeng TMnr 10014029.jpg|jmpl|Stasion Hall Bandung (1930)|kiri]] Dina buku ''Wajah Bandoeng Tempo Dulu'' (1984) yasana Haryoto Kunto, ideu awal pangwangunan stasion Bandung aya hubunganna jeung dibukana pakebonan di Bandung sekitar taun 1870. Stasion ieu diresmikeun tanggal 17 Méi 1884, nalika jaman pamaréntahan Bupati Koesoemadilaga sarta di waktu nu sarua ogé dibuka jalur karéta [[Batavia]]-Bandung ngaliwatan [[Bogor]] jeung [[Cianjur]]. Harita, para juragan tanah pakebonan (''Preangerplanters'') ngagunakeun jalur karéta api pikeun ngirim hasil pakebonanna ka Batavia leuwih téréh. Pikeun nampung sarta nyimpen hasil pakebonan nu rék diangkut kana karéta, diwangun gudang-gudang paranti nyimpen barang di babaraha tempat di deukeut stasion Bandung, diantarana di Jalan Cibangkong, Jalan Cikudapateuh, daérah Kosambi, [[Kiaracondong, Bandung|Kiaracondong]], Braga, [[Pasirkaliki, Cicéndo, Bandung|Pasirkaliki]], [[Ciroyom, Andir, Bandung|Ciroyom]], jeung Andir. Saenggeus diresmikeunna jalur Bandung-Surabaya (1 Nopémber 1894), para pamilik pabrik jeung pakebonan gula dari [[Jawa Tengah]] jeung [[Jawa Timur]] (''Suikerplanters'') nyéwa gerbong karéta ka Bandung sangkan bisa miluan Kongrés Usahawan Pakebonan Gula nu kahiji. Kongrés éta mangrupa hasil pertemuan Pengurus Besar Perkumpulan Usahawan Pakebonan Gula (''Bestuur van de Vereniging van Suikerplanters'') di Surabaya taun 1896.<ref name="kompas">{{cite news |author = Gregorius Magnus Finesso |coauthors = |url = |title = Bangkitnya Tatar Sunda |work = |publisher = Kompas |pages = |page = 3 |date = 15 September 2010 }}</ref><ref name="kunto"/> Di taun 1909, arsiték FJA Cousin ngajadikeun wangunan heubeul stasion Bandung leuwih lega, salah sahijina ditandaan ku hiasan kaca patri péron bagian kidul anu gayana ''Art Deco''. Taun 1918, stasion ieu ngahubungkeun Bandung-[[Rancaékék, Bandung|Rancaékék]]-[[Jatinangor, Sumedang|Jatinangor]]-[[Tanjungsari, Sumedang|Tanjungsari]]-Citali, tuluy taun 1919 diwangun jalur Bandung-Citeureup-[[Majalaya, Bandung|Majalaya]] sarta di jalur nu sarua diwangun jalur Citeureup-[[Banjaran, Bandung|Banjaran]]-Pangaléngan (1921). Pikeun jalur ka pakebonan entéh, Tahun 1918, diwangun jalur Bandung ka Kopo tuluy ka [[Ciwidéy, Bandung|Ciwidéy]] (Maret 1921).<ref name="kompas"/> Nalika diresmikeunna stasion Bandung, surat kabar [[Walanda]] harita, ''Javabode'', nuliskeun yén masarakat sekitar ngarayakeunna salila 2 poé teu eureun-eureun. Baheulana, karéta api mangrupa sarana transportasi hasil produksi pakebonan Bandung, saperti [[kina]], [[entéh]], [[kopi]], jeung [[karét]], sahingga pertumbuhan ékonomi di kota Bandung berkembang pesat, anu ngabalukarkeun stasion ieu meunang pangajén dari pamaréntah kota mangrupa monumén anu aya di hareupeun stasion, nyaéta di peron kidul (Jalan Stasiun Selatan). Harita, tugu éta dicaangan ku 1.000 damar rancangan Ir. EH De Roo. Kiwati monumén éta geus diganti ku monumén réplika lokomotip uap séri TC1008. Taun 1990, diwangun péron kalér anu ahirna dijadikeun bagian hareup stasion di Jalan Kebon Kawung.<ref name="kompas"/> Priangan (Bandung) ti jaman VOC geus jadi wewengkon anu subur dipikawanoh minangka panghasil komoditi ékspor utamana kopi. Dina sistem budaya paksa, di Priangan dilaksanakeun pamelakan wajib pepelakan kopi anu katelah Preanger Stelsel. Angkutan Kopi téh dibawa ti Priangan ka palabuan pangdeukeutna, nyaéta di Batavia (Jakarta). Pikeun ngagampangkeun angkutan komoditi ékspor, pamaréntah [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walanda]] ngawangun jaringan karéta api Buitenzorg (Bogor) - Bandung - Cicalengka sapanjang 184 km. Saméméhna, jaringan karéta api Jakarta-Bogor geus diwangun ku pausahaan karéta api swasta, Nederlansch Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NISM) dina taun [[Tel:1873|1873]]. Jaringan karéta api Bogor - Bandung - Cicalengka salaku jaringan karéta api munggaran di wewengkon Priangan diwangun ku Staatssporwegen (SS), pausahaan karéta api anu pamaréntah. Salaku salah sahiji halte, SS ngawangun stasion gedé di tengah Bandung. Pangwangunan Stasion Bandung dimimitian dina taun [[Tel:1882|1882]]. Sangkan stasion anggeus dina waktuna, pangwangunan ogé dilaksanakeun peuting kalayan bantuan lampu listrik. Pangwangunan kahiji kaasup Stasion Bandung anu diresmikeun taun [[Tel:1884|1884]]. Pangwangunan kahiji dipingpin ku arsiték jeung arkéolog, Jan Willwm Ijzerman. Rarancang Stasion Bandung awal mirip jeung Stasion Surabaya Gubeng, ngabogaan ciri wangunan stasion milik SS dina jaman [[Tel:18841909|1884-1909]]. Stasion éta bisa réngsé dina tanggal 16 Méi [[Tel:1884|1884]], isukna diresmikeun kainditan karéta api Bogor-Bandung-Cicalengka pikeun masarakat. Pikeun ngimbangan ngaronjatna jumlah panumpang jeung barang, sanggeus nyambung jeung Batavia. Stasion Bandung dirénovasi, wewengkon stasion dilegaan ku nambahkeun wangunan gaya ''art deco'' anu  dipingpin ku arsiték FJA Cousin. Taun [[Tel:1928|1928]], SS deui ngalaksanakeun rénovasi gedé Stasion Bandung. Pangwangunan anu dirarancang ku E. H de Roo kaabus ngawangun deui stasion. Fasad wangunan ''art deco'' kalayan konsép anu leungit modéren jeung jandéla biru, kawas anu aya di Stasion Naarden-Bussum taun [[Tel:1925|1925]]. Salila rénovasi, stasion éta nyieun lampu listrik anyae ti pausahaan Bergman. Dina [[Tel:1939|1939]], SS nambahkeun hateup payung beton anu dijadikeun panglegaan hateup beusi nu geus aya. Saméntara éta, wangunan jeung gerbang kalér Stasion Bandung ayeuna hasil renovasi taun [[Tel:19891900|1989-1900]]. Wangunan kalayan konsép imah joglo tradisional.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://heritage.kai.id/page/Stasiun%20Bandung|title=Heritage - Kereta Api Indonesia|website=heritage.kai.id|accessdate=2022-02-13}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234911/https://heritage.kai.id/page/Stasiun%20Bandung |date=2022-02-14 }}</ref> Kiwari Stasion Bandung dikokolakeun ku Wilayah Operasional 2 Bandung, [[Kereta Api Indonesia|PT Kereta Api Indonesia]] (Persero). Stasion anu aya dina kaluhuran +709 mdpl, ayana di km 155+134 jalur Bogor – Bandung – Yogyakarta. Stasion Bandung geus ditetepkeun minangka gedong cagar budaya anu kadaptar dina Peraturan Daerah Kota Bandung dumasar kana Peraturan Daerah Nomor 19 Tahun [[Tel:2009|2009]].<ref name=":0" /> == Ciri has == Stasion ieu miboga ciri has mangrupa bél lagu instruméntal angklung ''Manuk Dadali'' anu sok disetél unggal karéta api datang. Salian ti éta, sok disetél ogé instruméntal ''Karatagan Pahlawan'' unggal aya karéta anu rék indit. == Layanan karéta api == === Panumpang === ==== Kelas Éksekutip ==== * [[Karéta api Argo Parahyangan|Argo Parahyangan]], jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta Gambir]] * [[Karéta api Argo Wilis|Argo Wilis]], jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng]] * [[Karéta api Turangga|Turangga]], jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng]] ==== Campuran ==== * [[Karéta api Argo Parahyangan|Argo Parahyangan]] (éksekutip-ékonomi prémium), jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta Gambir]] * [[Karéta api Ciremai|Ciremai]] (éksekutip-ékonomi prémium), jurusan [[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Semarang Tawang|Semarang Tawang]] * [[Karéta api Harina|Harina]] (éksekutip-ékonomi prémium), jurusan [[Stasion Semarang Tawang|Semarang Tawang]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Surabaya Pasarturi|Surabaya Pasarturi]] * [[Karéta api Lodaya|Lodaya]] (éksekutip-ékonomi prémium), jurusan [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan]] * [[Karéta api Malabar|Malabar]] (éksekutip-ékonomi prémium), jurusan [[Stasion Kediri|Kediri]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Malang|Malang]] * [[Karéta api Mutiara Selatan|Mutiara Selatan]] (éksekutip-ékonomi prémium), jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng]] * [[Karéta api Pangandaran|Pangandaran]] (éksekutip-ékonomi prémium), jurusan [[Stasion Banjar|Banjar]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta Gambir]] * [[Karéta api Papandayan|Papandayan]] (éksekutip-ékonomi prémium), jurusan [[Stasion Garut|Garut]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta Gambir]] ==== Lokal Ékonomi AC Sarta Feeder ==== * [[Karéta api lokal Bandung Raya|Commuter Line Bandung Raya]], jurusan [[Stasion Padalarang|Padalarang]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Cicaléngka|Cicaléngka]] * [[Karéta api lokal Cibatu|Commuter Line Garut]], jurusan [[Stasion Garut|Garut]], [[Stasion Cibatu|Cibatu]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Purwakarta|Purwakarta]] * [[Feeder Kereta Cepat]] jurusan Bandung, neupi ka [[Stasion Padalarang|Padalarang]] == Antarmoda pangrojong<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://transportasiumum.com/content/rute-angkot-bandung/|title=Angkutan Umum {{!}} Angkot Kota Bandung – TRANSPORTASI UMUM|website=transportasiumum.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-30}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914172143/https://transportasiumum.com/content/rute-angkot-bandung/ |date=2017-09-14 }}</ref> == {|class=wikitable sortable ! Jenis angkutan umum !! Trayék !! Jurusan |- | rowspan=12|[[Angkot]] Kota Bandung || 04 || Terminal Kebon Kalapa |- | 09 || Stasiun Hall–Dago |- | 10 || Stasiun Hall–Terminal Sadang Serang |- | 11B || Stasiun Hall–Ciumbeuleuit via Cihampelas |- | 12 || Stasiun Hall–Pasar Induk Gedébagé |- | 13 || Stasiun Hall–Sarijadi |- | 14 || Stasiun Hall–Gunung Batu |- | 22 || Terminal Kebon Kalapa–Pasar Sederhana |- | 26 || Cisitu–Tegalega |- | 30 || Kebon Kalapa–Elang |- | 31 || Antapani–Ciroyom |- | 34 || Terminal Sadang Sérang–Pasar Induk Caringin |- |rowspan=2|[[Angkot]] Kabupatén || - || Lémbang–Stasiun Hall |- | - || Stasiun Hall–Cimahi–Padalarang |} == Galéri == <gallery> File:Inside Bandung Station.JPG|Suasana di jero Stasion Bandung (2010). File:Bandung Station railtracks 2.JPG|Rél karéta api Stasion Bandung ditempo ti Jalan HOS Cokroaminoto (2010). File:Bandung sta 101230-10933 bd.JPG|Stasion Bandung ditempo ti arah wétan (2010). File:Bandung Station platform.JPG|Péron Stasion Bandung (2010). File:CC20302 Bandung Station.JPG|[[Lokomotip]] [[CC203]] 02 di Stasion Bandung maké logo Kemenhub, (2010). File:Bandung Station Jl Kebon Kawung.JPG|Stasion Bandung ditempo ti hareup. File:Station Bandung - panoramio.jpg|Pintu kalér Stasion Bandung. File:Stasiun Bandung 2020.jpg|Stasion Bandung beulah kidul sabada ditata, 2020 </gallery> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{commonscat|Bandung Station}} {{id}} [http://www.kereta-api.co.id Situs resmi PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125184722/http://www.kereta-api.co.id/ |date=2015-11-25 }} {{stasiun|Stasion Ciroyom|Jalur karéta api Padalarang-Kasugihan|Stasion Cikudapateuh}} [[Kategori:Andir, Bandung]] [[Kategori:Stasion karéta di Jawa Kulon|Bandung, Stasion]] {{Stasiun kereta api di Indonesia}} {{Jalur karéta api Padalarang-Kasugihan}} {{stasion-stub}} 5zy0jgrsut0at30r6wmp6u5yv7v92s2 Roger Moore 0 31192 729279 655519 2026-09-26T22:01:19Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} [[Gambar:Roger_Moore.jpg|thumb|right|Roger Moore di taun 2009.]] '''Sir Roger Géorge Moore''' (14 Oktober 1927 – 23 Mei 2017) mangrupa saorang aktor film sareng televisi asal Inggris. Anjeunna terkenal dina dua peran detektif fiksi, nyaéta [[Simon Templar]] dina serial TV ''The Saint'', sareng sabagai pameran resmi [[James Bond]] katilu ti mimiti film ''[[Live and Let Die (film)|Live and Let Die]]'' di taun 1973 sampai ka ''[[A View to a Kill]]'' di taun 1985. Taun 1999 Roger Moore meunang penghargaan ''Commander of the Order of the British Empire'' (CBE) jeung di taun 2003 anjeunna meunang penghargaan ''Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire''. Kadua penghargaan tadi dipasihan ku [[Ratu Elizabeth II]]. Ti mimiti taun 1991 sampai ka anjeunna tilar dunya di 2017, Roger Moore ogé aktif di dunia amal, di mana anjeunna janten duta UNICEF. == Tumbu kaluar == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.roger-moore.com/ Situs resmi] – juga berisi artikel tentang pekerjaan Sir Roger bersama UNICEF di samping karir entertainernya. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091215184510/http://obr.lh.pl/sirrogermoore/ Sir Roger Moore – Sebuah fan site (sejak 2002)] * [http://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/1021-EXCLUSIVE!-CINEMA-RETRO-ATTENDS-SURPRISE-BIRTHDAY-PARTY-FOR-SIR-ROGER-MOORE.html Kejutan ultah ke-80 untuk Sir Roger Moore] * [http://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/2579-SIR-ROGER-MOORE-RECEIVES-THE-CINEMA-RETRO-ACHIEVEMENT-AWARD-AT-PINEWOOD-STUDIOS-SPY-WHO-LOVED-ME-REUNION-EVENT.html Sir Roger Moore menerima Lifetime Achievement Award di Pinewood Studios dalam acara reuni film The Spy Who Loved Me] * [http://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/2630-SIR-ROGER-MOORE-TRIBUTE-AT-THE-PLAYERS-CLUB-NEW-YORK-CITY.html Sir Roger Moore masuk ke dalam Legendary Players Club, New York City] * [http://www.lettersonpages.com/2008/12/my-word-is-my-bond-by-roger-moore/ Review dari ''My Word Is My Bond'' dalam Letters On Pages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321200530/http://www.lettersonpages.com/2008/12/my-word-is-my-bond-by-roger-moore/ |date=2012-03-21 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moore, Roger}} [[Kategori:James Bond]] b17k0pd9ntik131fsz9km55mqicmqrq Paris 0 32392 729251 711355 2026-09-26T19:55:17Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729251 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Paris map.png|ka|200px|jmpl|Peta lokasi Paris]] '''Paris''' nyaéta [[puseur dayeuh]] [[Perancis]] sakaligus dayeuh pangbadagna di nagara kasebut. Dayeuh ieu perenahna di tepi [[walungan Seine]] di bagian kalér Perancis, di tengah wewengkon (''region'') Île-de-France. Wates administratif dayeuh Paris henteu robah saprak 1860, sarta dicicingan ku 2.167.994 jiwa (taun 2006).<ref name="paris_pop_2006">{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/docs_ffc/ElpDep_5trages90-06.xls| title=" Estimation de population par département, sexe et grande classe d’âge – Années 1990 à 2006"| author=[[INSEE|Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques]]| accessdate=2008-02-16}}</ref> Wewengkon urban Paris dicicingan ku kira-kira 9.93 yuta jiwa (taun 2005),<ref name="UU_2005">{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/chifcle_fiche.asp?ref_id=CMPTEF01103&tab_id=18| title="Population des villes et unités urbaines de plus de 1&nbsp;million d'habitants de l'Union Européenne"| author=Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques| accessdate=2006-04-10}}</ref> sedengkeun wewengkon metropolitan Paris dicicingan ku ampir 12 yuta jiwa.<ref name="paris_AU99_pop">{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.recensement.insee.fr/RP99/rp99/wr_page.affiche?p_id_nivgeo=M&p_id_loca=001&p_id_princ=POP1&p_theme=ALL&p_typeprod=ALL&p_langue=FR| title="Aire Urbaine '99 – pop totale par sexe et âge"| author=Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques| accessdate=2006-04-10}}</ref> Paris ku kituna mangrupa salasahiji wewengkon metropolitan pangmundelna di [[Éropa]].<ref name="metropolitan_areas">{{cite web| url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&va=&pt=a| title="Wilayah Metropolitan Dunia"| author=Stefan Helders, World Gazetteer| accessdate=2007-01-18| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001000616/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&va=&pt=a| archivedate=2007-10-01}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001000616/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&va=&pt=a |date=2007-10-01 }}</ref> Paris geus jadi dayeuh penting anu dicicingan salila leuwih ti dua milenium, sarta ayeuna nyaéta salah sahiji puseur bisnis sarta budaya kahot di dunya, sarta pangaruhna dina hal pulitik, atikan, hiburan, média, fashion, sains sarta seni geus nyieunana jadi minangka salah sahiji dayeuh anu pangbadagna di dunya.<ref name="GaWC">{{cite web| url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html| title="Daftar Kota Dunia"| author=Grup dan Jaringan Belajar Globalisasi dan Kota Dunia (GaWC), [[Universitas Loughborough]]| accessdate=2007-10-04}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628191825/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |date=2016-06-28 }}</ref> Wewengkon Île-de-France mibanda 36 pausahaan anu asup dina [[Fortune Global 500]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2007/countries/France.html|title=Global Fortune 500 menurut negara: Perancis|author=[[Fortune (majalah)|Fortune]]|accessdate=2007-11-03}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021045413/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2007/countries/France.html |date=2007-10-21 }}</ref> Paris ogé jadi tempat ti organisasi internasional kawas [[UNESCO]], [[OECD]], [[ICC]] sarta [[Paris Club]]. Paris nyaéta mangrupa dayeuh tujuan pariwisata pangpopulérna di dunya, kalayan 30 juta nu datang deungeun pér warsih.<ref name=tourism>{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/insee_regions/idf/rfc/docs/bilan2004tour.pdf| title=Le tourisme se porte mieux en 2004 | author=Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques| format=PDF| accessdate=2007-01-16}}</ref> Aya sajumlah tempat kaceluk di ditu, antara séjén [[Munara Eiffel]] anu pohara kaceluk di dunya. ==Galeri== <gallery> Tour Eiffel, École militaire, Champ-de-Mars, Palais de Chaillot, La Défense - 03.jpg|[[Munara Eiffel]] di tengah wewengkon bisnis La Défense di dayeuh Paris Paris-Notre Dame-112-Westfassade-2017-gje.jpg|[[Garéja Notre-Dame de Paris|Notre Dame]] Paris-Arc de Triomphe-102-2017-gje.jpg|[[Arc de triomphe de l'Étoile|Arc de Triomphe]] Paris-Place Dauphine-110-Cafe-2017-gje.jpg|Place Dauphine Paris-Eglise du Val-de-Grace-118-2017-gje.jpg|Val-de-Grace Paris-Palais du Luxembourg-118-2017-gje.jpg|Palais du Luxembourg Paris-Rue Mouffetard-140-Metzgerei-2017-gje.jpg|Marché à la Rue Mouffetard Paris-von Montmartre-150-p18-2017-gje.jpg|Vue depuis Montmartre </gallery> == Tumbu kaluar == {{commons|Category:Paris}} * {{en}}[http://www.paris.fr/en Loka ramat rasmi Paris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050516080502/http://www.paris.fr/en/ |date=2005-05-16 }} * {{en}}[http://en.parisinfo.com Loka ramat pariwisata Paris] * {{en}}[http://english.pidf.com loka ramat pariwisata Ile-de-France] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425204609/http://english.pidf.com/ |date=2021-04-25 }} == Rujukan == <references/> [[Kategori:Perancis]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota nagara]] [[Kategori:Ibukota di Éropa]] jr7gx5h3uof06te3n071vpp10ipx3t7 Ke leutik 0 32724 729186 419453 2026-09-26T14:01:55Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wiktionarypar|ヶ|ゖ}} '''''Ke'' leutik''' ([[wiktionary:ヶ|ヶ]]) nyaéta hurup Jepang anu umum. Ieu téh singgetan pikeun [[wiktionary:箇|箇]] kanji, anu dipaké minangka [[kecap bantu Jepang|kecap bantu]]. Sanajan nyarupaan hurup [[katakana]] ''[[ke (kana)|ke]]'' (ケ), dilafalkeun ''ka'', ''ga'' atawa ''ko'', henteu ''ke''. ''Ke'' leutik kapanggih di sawatara konter sarta ngaran tempat. Sabot dipaké dina kecap bantu, kawas 1ヶ月 (ikkagetsu, hiji bulan [durasi]) dilafalkeun ''ka''. Sabot dipaké dina ngaran tempat, kawas 青木ヶ原 ([[Aokigahara]]), dilafalkeun ''ga''. Kombinasi "～ヶ原" (gahara) hartosna "widang ～" sarta sakapeung mecenghul dina ngaran tempat Jepang. Ieu téh aturan anu kalayan loba pengecualian. Contona, di 三ヶ日 ([[Mikkabi]], ngaran tempat) dilafalkan ''ka''. ==Tumbu luar== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110608220012/http://www.sljfaq.org/html/small_ke.html Monash FAQ] [[Kategori:Sistem penulisan Jepang]] [[Kategori:Kosakecap Jepang]] 809kedl5s1a78vp16bl84jtfqjsghaa Méga 0 33115 729232 651411 2026-09-26T18:21:40Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Chaparral Supercell 2.JPG|thumb|300px|right| Méga supersél]] '''Méga''' atawa ''awan'' téh nyaéta kumpulan keclakan [[cai]] anu jadi [[kristal]] [[és]] turta ngambacang di wiati.<ref name="hujan"/> Mun [[poé]]na keur hadé, awan anu ipis éndah pisan katingalina, tapi dina waktu nu lian bisa jadi totondén bakal aya [[hujan]] atawa [[guludug]]. [[Hawa]] salawasna ngandung saab cai dina wangun [[gas]] anu teu kaciri. Jumlah saabna cai ka hawa gumantung kana suhu hawana.<ref name="hujan">{{cite web|author=Steve Kempler|year=2009|url=http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/PIP/shtml/atmospheric_water_vapor_or_humidity.shtml|title=Parameter information page|publisher=[[NASA]] [[Goddard Space Flight Center]]|accessdate=2008-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126083414/http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/PIP/shtml/atmospheric_water_vapor_or_humidity.shtml|archivedate=2007-11-26}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812235512/http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/PIP/shtml/atmospheric_water_vapor_or_humidity.shtml |date=2009-08-12 }}</ref> Météorologis (Jalma nu nalungtik perkara cuaca) ngabagi méga dumasar kana dedegan fisikna, nyaéta méga ''cirrus'', ''kumulus'', jeung ''stratus''. '''Méga''' nyaéta kumpulan [[uap]] [[cai]] nu ngambang di [[atmosfir]] di saluhureun [[Bumi]] atawa banda planet lianna, saperti [[Bulan]]. Katempona siga haseup warna [[bodas]] atawa [[kulawu]] di [[langit]]. Cabang [[météorologi]] ngeunaan awan disebut [[népologi]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~stoeling/WH-Ch03.pdf|page=80|accessdate=2010-01-30|date=2005-09-12|author=Mark Stoelinga|title=Atmospheric Thermodynamics|publisher=[[University of Washington]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602004341/http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~stoeling/WH-Ch03.pdf|archivedate=2010-06-02}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602004341/http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~stoeling/WH-Ch03.pdf |date=2010-06-02 }}</ref> ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist}} {{Pondok}} [[Kategori:Cuaca]] mhlcvgtghfgwlnytvbvvlfqla41vo7m Sirsak 0 33356 729295 685572 2026-09-26T23:28:35Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = Sirsak |image = Annona muricata Blanco1.196.png |image_caption = Dahan tangkal sirsak nu ngagantung kembang jeun buahna |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = |unranked_classis = |ordo = [[Magnoliales]] |familia = [[Annonaceae]] |genus = ''[[Annona]]'' |species = '''''A. muricata''''' |binomial = ''Annona muricata'' |binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?3492 |title=Annona muricata information from NPGS/GRIN |publisher=www.ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2015-04-14 |last= |first= }} </ref> }} '''Sirsak''' nyaéta salah sahiji buah anu asalna ti [[Karibia]], [[Amerika Tengah]] jeung [[Amerika Selatan|Amerika]] Kidul. Ngaran sirsak asalna tina [[basa Walanda]]: ''zuurzak'' anu hartina ''kantong haseum''. Sirsak nelah ogé ku sebutan '''nangka walanda'''. Sirsak didatangkeun ku pamaréntah [[Hindia-Walanda]] ka [[Nusantara]], nyaéta dina [[abad]] [[abad ka-19|ka-19]], sanajan asalna lain ti [[Eropa]].<ref name="Buku1">{{Cite book|title =Buku Pintar Tanaman Obat: 431 jenis tanaman penggempur aneka penyakit| last= Damayanti| first= Dewi| coauthors =dr Prapti utami, Novi Widianti, Nina Wulandari, Agung Sugiarto, Tinton Dwi Putra| year= 2008|page=63|location=Jakarta| publisher=AgroMedia| isbn=9789790061941|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=iO0ldwKoXvQC&pg=PA21&dq=bawang+batak+khasiat&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwinj4f98pXvAhVYAXIKHSO8B40Q6AEwAXoECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=bawang%20batak%20khasiat&f=false}}</ref> Sirsak nu dipelak pikeun tujuan komérsial biasana nu dimangpaatkeunana téh nyaéta [[buah]]<nowiki/>na. Jangkung tangkal sirsak bisa ngahontal kana 9 méter. Buah sirsak remen digunakeun pikeun bahan jus jeung [[és krim]]. Dina buah sirsak loba gizi anu mangpaat pikeun awak kayaning [[karbohidrat]], (utamana [[fruktosa]]), [[vitamin C]], [[vitamin B1]] jeung [[vitamin B2]]. Dina siki sirsak aya [[racun]] anu bisa digunakeun minangka [[inséktisida]] alami.<ref name=“Lim2 ”>{{Cite book | title =Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 1, Fruits| first =T.K| last =Lim| publisher =Springer Science & Business Media,| location =London| year =2012| pages =281|ISBN=9789048186617|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=tixF72IuRFwC&pg=PA75&dq=dracontomelon+mangiferum&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjaxcXCyKvmAhXPXSsKHWy5DecQ6AEILDAA#v=onepage&q=indonesia&f=false|accessdate=(disungsi) 17 April 2021}}</ref> ==Déskripsi== ;Tangkal: Wangun tangkal sirsak mah leutik, nanjeur, bisa tumuwuh paling pendék 4 méter.<ref name="UoC">{{cite web | url = http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/199900586.html | title = ''Annona muricata'' L. | accessdate = 2015-04-14 | author = EEB Greenhouse Staff, University of Connecticut | work = Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology Greenhouses | publisher = Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology Greenhouses | quote = [http://www.crfg.org/descr/descr_main_a12.html crfg] }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026233153/http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/199900586.html |date=2016-10-26 }}</ref><ref name="FoP">{{cite journal | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=200008507 | title = ''Annona muricata'' L., | accessdate = 2015-04-14 | author = Flora of North America | authorlink = Flora of North America | journal =Flora of Pakistan | volume =20 }}</ref> ;Dahan jeung daun: Dahan-dahan anu ngarora mah baruluan.<ref name="FoP"/> :Bentuk daunna aya nu lonjong aya ogé anu buleud, panjang jaunna antara 8 cm nika 16 cm jeung lébarna 3 cm nika 7 cm. Warna daunna héjo kolot ngagenclang limit.<ref name="FoP"/> :Panjang palapah daunna kira-kira 4 miliméter nika 13 miliméter tur euweuh buluan.<ref name="FoP"/> ;[[Gambar:Fruto de Annona muricata.jpg|jmpl|Sirsak]]Kembang: Panjang palapah kembangna mah <u>+</u> 2 miliméter nika 5 miliméter. Bijilna kembang téh pajiin-jiin jeung daun atawa ogé jadi tambahan tina deukeut palapah daun, masing-masing régang umumna tumuwuh hiji atawa dua kembang, kadang-kadang mah tilu.<ref name="FoP"/> :Palapah kembang nu mandiri (régang) tur kuat, umumna buluan jeung panjangna gé antara 15 miliméter nika 20 milimeter jeung aya gelang leutik geukeut dadasarna anu padét tur buluan téh.<ref name="FoP"/> ;Buah jeung réproduksi: Warna buahna héjo kolot, cucukan (atawa buluan) wangunna lonjong jeung panjangna bisa nika 30&nbsp;cm,<ref name="FoP"/> rasana angot<ref name="PIER">{{cite web |url = http://www.hear.org/pier/species/annona_muricata.htm |title = Result set for: Annonaceae ''Annona muricata'' |accessdate = 2015-04-14 |author = Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) |authorlink = Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project |work = PIER species lists |publisher = [[United States Geological Survey]] &amp; [[United States Forest Service]] |quote = [http://www.hear.org/pier/references/pierref000002.htm Stone, Benjamin C. 1970. The flora of Guam. Micronesica 6:1–659] |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080512172421/http://www.hear.org/pier/species/annona_muricata.htm |archivedate = 2008-05-12 |deadurl = no }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512172421/http://www.hear.org/pier/species/annona_muricata.htm |date=2008-05-12 }}</ref> buahna caian, haseum, warna dagingna kabodas-bodasan<ref name="PIER"/> sarta seungit kaambeuna.<ref name="FoP"/> :Sikina réa<ref name="PIER"/> beurat rata-rata tina 1.000 bibit sikina téh <u>+</u> 470 gram tur ngandung minyak <u>+</u> 24%.<ref name="KEW-seed-fresh">{{cite web | url = http://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Source=epic&ID=9304&Num=fzM | title = Seed Information Database Search Results | accessdate = 2015-04-14 | author = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | authorlink = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | origyear = 1984 | year = 1994 | work = Seed Information Database | publisher = Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919130546/http://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Source=epic&ID=9304&Num=fzM |date=2012-09-19 }}</ref> Nalika digaringkeun salila 3 poé dina suhu 60°C <u>+</u> beuratna téh jadi 322 gram sarta toléran tina ékstraksi kalembapan; éta téh nandakeun yén moal masalah mun diengkeun dina jangka lila dina kondisi nu wajar.<ref name="KEW-seed-dry">{{cite web | url = http://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Source=epic&ID=6507&Num=LMa | title = Seed Information Database Search Results | accessdate = 2015-04-14 | author = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | authorlink = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | year = 2005 | work = Seed Information Database | publisher = Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210130440/http://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Source=epic&ID=6507&Num=LMa |date=2012-02-10 }}</ref> == Taksonomi == === [[Sinonim (biologi)|Sinonim]] === * ''Annona macrocarpa'' <small>[[Wercklé]]</small> * ''Annona bonplandiana'' <small>[[H.B.K.]]</small> * ''Annona cearensis'' <small>[[Barb.Rodr.]]</small> * ''Guanabanus muricatus'' <small>([[L.]]) [[M.Gómez]]</small><ref>http://www.rain-tree.com/Graviola-Monograph.pdf</ref> * ''Annona sericea'' <small>[[Dunal]] ''dina'' [[CorreiaM.P.]], (1984)</small><ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2640944 Annona muricata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415180529/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2640944 |date=2021-04-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=2640944 |title=Annona muricata |work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=14-04-2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016100446/https://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=2640944 |date=2019-10-16 }}</ref> == Ngaran Vernakular == Di unggal wewengkon buah sirsak miboga ngaran vernakular (ngaran lokal) anu béda-béda. di antarana nyaéta<ref>[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Annona.html#muricata Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database, 2015, Diakses 14 April 2015]</ref>: {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" !width="120" style="text-align:center;"|'''Wewengkon''' !style="text-align:center;"|'''Ngaran Lokal''' |- |[[Indonésia]] |Nangka sebrang ([[Jawa]]), Nangka landa ([[Jawa]]), Nangka walanda ([[Sunda]]), Sirsak ([[Sunda]]), Nangka buris ([[Madura]]), Srikaya jawa ([[Bali]]), Deureuyan belanda ([[Acéh]]), Durio ulondro ([[Nias]]), Durian betawi ([[Minangkabau]]), Jambu landa<nowiki>''</nowiki> ([[Lampung]]) |- |[[Inggris]] |Brazilian pawpaw, Prickly custard apple, Soursap ([[Sierra Leone]]), Soursapi ([[Sierra Leone]]), Soursop |- |[[Perancis]] |Cachiman épineux, Corossol (Antilles), Corossolier, Corossol épineux, Sapotille |- |[[Jepang]] |トゲバンレイシ / Toge banreishi |- |[[Jérman]] |Sauersack, Stachelannone, Stachel-Annone |- |[[Kamboja]] |Tiep banla, Tiep barang |- |[[Laos]] |Khanthalot, Khiép thét |- |[[Malaysia]] |Durian belanda ([[Malaysia]]), Durian makkah ([[Malaysia]]), Durian salat ([[Brunéi]]) |- |[[Perancis]] |Cachiman épineux, Corossol (Antilles), Corossolier, Corossol épineux, Sapotille |- |[[Pilipina]] |Guayabano, Guyabano, Yabana |- |[[Portugis]] |Araticum, Araticum-do-grande (Brazil), Cabeça-de-negro (Brazil), Graviola (Brazil), Guanabano (Brazil), Coração-da-rainha (Brazil), Condessa (Brazil), Jaca-do-pará (Brazil), Jaca-de-pobre (Brazil), Fruta-do-conde (Brazil), Pinha, Pinha azeda |- |[[Rusia]] |Аннона муриката / <small>Annona murikata</small> |- |[[Spanyol]] |Catuche ([[Karibia]], [[Meksiko]], [[Vénézuéla]]), Guanaba ([[Guatemala]]), Guanábana (Cuba, Puerto Rico, [[Républik Dominika]]), Guanábano, Zapote agrio |- |[[Thailand]] |มะทุเรียน / <small>Ma thurian,</small>  ทุเรียนแขก / <small>Thurian  khaek, </small>  <big><big>ทุเรียนเทศ </big></big>'''/ '''<small>Thurian thet</small> |- |[[Tiongkok]] |刺果番荔枝 / Ci guo fan li zhi |- |[[Viétnam]] |Mang cân xiem, Mang câù xiê |- |[[Walanda]] |Zuurzak |} ==Mangpaat Buah Sirsak== Ti baheula, buah sirsak geus dimangpaatkeun minangka [[ubar]] [[hérbal]] anu mangpaatna téh ngubaran mangrupa-rupa panyakit, buah jeung [[daun]]na geus kacicda kasohor hasiatna. Bagéan sirsak anu minangpaat pikeun [[ubar]] kanker nyaéta [[dahan]], [[daun]], ogé [[buah]]na. Sirsak téh geus ditalungtik yén bisa ngubaran [[kanker]] [[usus gedé]] (kolon), [[kanker]] [[paru-paru]], [[kanker]] [[pankréas]], [[kanker]] [[prostat]], ogé [[kanker pinareup]]. ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Bungbuahan]] [[Kategori:Annonaceae]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan ubar]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan tropis]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan produksi]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Industri]] 8qs88isruklu3pwxcljb4giyq050y9s Skotlandia 0 33384 729297 655643 2026-09-26T23:35:20Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |conventional_long_name = Scotland |common_name = Skotlandia |image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg |flag_width = 127px |image_coat = Royal Standard of Scotland.svg{{!}}border |symbol_width = 125px |symbol_type = Standar Karajaan |national_motto = <small>''[[In My Defens God Me Defend]]'' ([[Basa Skot]])<br />(mindeng disingket '''''In Defens''''')</SMALL> |national_anthem = [[Flower of Scotland]] atawa [[God save the Queen]]– tempo [[Lagu Kabangsaan Skotlandia]] |image_map = Europe location SCO2.png |capital = [[Édinburgh]] |largest_city = [[Glasgow]] |latd=55| latm=57 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=12 |longEW=W |official_languages = [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]], [[Basa Gaelik|Gaelik]] |regional_languages = [[Basa Skot|Skot]]<sup>1</sup> |ethnic_groups = 89% [[Skot]], 7% [[Urang Inggris|Inggris]], [[Urang Irlandia|Irlandia]], [[Wels]], 4% séjén<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/library/mid-2005-population-estimates/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215164521/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/library/mid-2005-population-estimates/ |archivedate=2008-02-15 |title=Registrar-General's Mid-2005 Population Estimates for Scotland |publisher=Gro-Scotland |location=UK |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-04-30 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215164521/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/library/mid-2005-population-estimates/ |date=2008-02-15 }}</ref> |government_type = |leader_title1 = [[Monarki|Raja/Ratu]] |leader_name1 = [[Elizabéth II]] |leader_title2 = [[Menteri Kahiji Skotlandia|Menteri Kahiiji]] |leader_name2 = [[Alex Salmond]] |legislature = [[Parlemén Skotlandia]] |leader_title4 = [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]] |leader_name4 = [[David Cameron]] |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area_km2 = 78,772 |area_sq_mi = 30,414 |percent_water = 1.9 |population_estimate = 5.222.100<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.stv.tv/scotland/245326-population-of-scotland-at-its-highest-since-1977/|title=Population of Scotland at its highest since 1977|publisher=STV|date=2011-04-27|accessdate=2011-04-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118054705/http://news.stv.tv/scotland/245326-population-of-scotland-at-its-highest-since-1977/ |date=2012-01-18 }}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = |population_estimate_year = mid-2010 |population_census = 5,062,011 |population_census_year = 2001 |population_density_km2 = 65.9 |population_density_sq_mi = 170.8 |GDP_nominal = [[GBP]] 139.774 billion<ref name=SNAP_GDP>{{citation |title=Scottish National Accounts Project. Gross Domestic Product in Current Prices for Scotland, 2010 Q4 |publisher=Scottish Government |place=Edinburgh |date=11 August 2010 |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/SNAP/expstats/SNAPtables2010Q4updated |accessdate=2011-07-02 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224212617/https://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/SNAP/expstats/SNAPtables2010Q4updated%20 |date=2018-12-24 }}</ref> |GDP_nominal_year = 2010 |currency = [[Pound sterling]] |currency_code = GBP |time_zone = GMT |utc_offset = 0 |time_zone_DST = BST |utc_offset_DST = +1 |date_format =dd/mm/yyyy |drives_on =left |cctld = [[.uk]], [[.eu]] |calling_code = 44 |patron_saint = [[Saint Andrew|St Andrew]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html|title=''St Andrew—Quick Facts''|work=Scotland.org—The Official Online Gateway|accessdate=2007-12-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111134544/http://scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |date=2007-11-11 }}</ref> <br /> [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|St Margaret]] <br /> [[Saint Columba|St Columba]] |footnote1 = Boh Skot jeung Gaelik Skotlandia dikenal resmi salaku [[basa asli]] dina [[Piagam Éropa pikeun Basa Régional atawa Minoritas]];<ref>[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCulture/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter "European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012182532/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCulture/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter |date=2008-10-12 }} Scottish Government. Retrieved 27 September 2007.</ref> [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]] dipancénan, dina [[Undang-Undang Basa Gaelik (Skotlandia) 2005]], ngalindung Gaelik salaku [[basa resmi]] Skotlandia, maréntahan "rasa sami" jeung basa Inggris.<ref>Macleod, Angus [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece "Gaelic given official status"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531171029/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece |date=2010-05-31 }} (22 April 2005) ''[[The Times]]''. London. Retrieved 2 August 2007.</ref> }} '''Skotlandia''', atawa, '''Alba''' dina [[basa Gaelik Skotlandia]], baheula mangrupa [[karajaan]] [[merdéka]] di bagian kalér pulo Britania. Dina kaping [[26 Maret]] [[1707]], [[Karajaan Skotlandia]] ngahiji jeung karajaan [[Inggris]] nu engké jadi "Karajaan Britania Raya" jeung ahirna "Himpunan Karajaan [[Britania Raya]] jeung Irlandia Kalér". ==Réferénsi== <references/> == Tempo ogé == * [[Britania Raya]] * [[Inggris]] * [[Wales]] * [[Irlandia Kalér]] * [[Daptar Nagara]] {{Eropa}}<br/> [[Kategori:Skotlandia| ]] {{geo-stub}} 19jxcw9glb18puy6mjapfeifz3ig7k6 Témpé 0 33427 729329 705508 2026-09-27T01:23:37Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729329 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:22em; font-size:90%; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#f9f9f9; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; padding:0.2em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; background:#e8e8e8;" | Témpé |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Gambar:Tempeh_tempe.jpg|250px]]<br /><small>Témpé atah anu masih dibungkus ku daun cau.</small> |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Jinis katuangan | Produk fermentasi |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Bahan utama | [[Kacang kadelé]], ragi (''Rhizopus oligosporus'') |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Téknik | Fermentasi |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Asal | [[Jawa]], [[Indonésia]] |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Olahan goréngan | Témpé goréng, Mendoan, Témpé kripik |} '''Témpé''' nyaéta katuangan has [[Indonésia]] anu dijieun tina prosés fermentasi kacang [[kadelé]] ku ragi témpé. Témpé mangrupa salah sahiji bahan pang populérna dina dunya [[goréngan]]. Di tatar [[Sunda]], témpé sering diolah jadi témpé goréng tipung anu garing, sedengkeun di wewengkon Banyumasan mah kasohor ku mendoanna anu satengah mateng. '''Témpé''' mangrupa [[kadaharan]] anu dijieun tina ferméntasi siki kedelé jeung sababaraha bahan séjénna anu ngagunakeun rupa-rupa kapang ''Rhizopus'', saperti ''Rhizopus oligosporus'', ''Rh. oryzae'', ''Rh. stolonifer'' (kapang roti), atawa ''Rh. arrhizus''. Ferméntasi ieu sacara umum kawentarna nyaéta "ragi témpé".<ref name=tempehproduction>{{citation |title=Tempeh production: a craft and technical manual |first1=W. |last1=Shurtleff |first2=A. |last2=Aoyagi |publisher=The Soyfoods Center |location=Lafayette |year=1986 |edition=2nd |isbn=0933332238}} </ref><ref name=steinkraus>{{citation |title=Handbook of indigenous fermented foods |first=K. H. (Penyunting) |last=Steinkraus |publisher=Marcel Dekker, Inc. |location=New York |year=1996 |edition=2nd |isbn=0824793528}} </ref> Sacara umum, '''témpé''' téh warnana bodas ku sabab ayana miselia kapang anu ngaraketkeun siki-siki kedelé sangkan padet.<ref name=Astuti>Astuti, M. (1999) History of the Development of Tempe. Di dalam Agranoff, J., hlm. 2–13.</ref> Leungitna bagian-bagian tina kedelé dina ferméntasi ngabalukarkeun Témpé ngabogaan bau jeung rasa anu has.<ref name=Astuti>Astuti, M. (1999) History of the Development of Tempe. Di dalam Agranoff, J., hlm. 2–13.</ref> Témpé henteu ukur jadi [[kadaharan]] rahayat [[Indonesia]] wungkul tapi geus mahabu ka sawatara dunya.<ref name=Huang>{{cite book |title=Science and Civilisation in China, Volume VI:5 |first=H. T. |last=Huang |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2000 |isbn=0521652707 |pages=hlm. 342}} </ref> ku sabab Témpé téh jadi karesep jalma-jalma anu vegetarian (daharna sayur-sayuran wungkul) di Nagara deungeun saperti di Amerika serikat, [[Jepang]] jeung [[Jerman]].<ref name=Huang/> ==Cara nyieun témpé== [[Gambar:Tempe_tahu.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Témpé jeung tahu mangrupa [[kadaharan]] anu sapasang ]] Aya sababaraha cara pikeun nyieun témpé.<ref name=tempehproduction/><ref name=steinkraus/> Sacara umum nyieun témpé kawincik dina sababaraha tahapan nyaéta ngulub, mesék, ngeueuman, ngahaseumkeun, pencucian, [[inokulasi]], [[ragi]], mungkus jeung ferméntasi.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Dina tahap mimiti nyieun témpé, siki kedelé dikulub.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Tahap ngulub ieu miboga fungsi salaku prosés ''hidrasi'', nyaéta supaya siki kedelé nyerep cai saloba-lobana.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Ngulub ogé dimaksudkan pikeun ngahipukeun siki kedelé sangkan engkéna bisa nyerep asam dina tahap ngeueuman.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Kulit siki kedelé dipesék dina tahap mesék supaya ''[[miselium fungi]]'' bisa nyerep kana siki kedelé salila prosés ferméntasi.<ref name=Astuti>Astuti, M. (1999) History of the Development of Tempe. Di dalam Agranoff, J., hlm. 2–13.</ref> Mesék bisa dilakukeun ku leungeun, ditincakan ku suku, atawa maké pakakas keur mesék.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Sanggeus dipesék, siki kedelé dikeueum.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Tujuan tahap ngeueum nyaéta pikeun hidrasi siki kedelé jeung ngantep ayana fermentasi asam laktat sacara alami supaya meunang kéasaman anu dibutuhkan pikeun numuwuhkeun ''fungi''.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Fermentasi asam laktat katara dina munculna bau haseum jeung budah dina cai keueuman balukar tina [[Baktéri]] [[''Lactobacillus'']].<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Lamun mekarna [[baktéri]] asam laktat henteu maksimeum (misalna di nagara-nagara subtropis) <ref name=steinkraus18>Steinkraus, K. H. (Penyunting) (1996), hlm. 18</ref>, asam perlu ditambahkeun kana cai keueuman.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Ferméntasi asam laktat jeung ngahaseumkeun ieu bisa ogé mangpaat pikeun ngaronjatkeun angka gizi jeung ngaleungitkeun [[baktéri-baktéri]] anu ngandung racun.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Prosés dina ngumbah anu pamungkas dilakukeun pikeun ngaleungitkeun kokotor anu bisa waé dijieun ku [[baktéri]] ''[[asam laktat]]'' atawa supaya siki kedelé henteu haseum teuing. [[Baktéri]] jeung kokotor bisa ngahalangan kana mekarna ''fungi''.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> Inokulasi dilakukeun ku nambahkeun inokulum, nyaéta ragi témpé atawa ''laru''. Inokulum bisa mangrupa kapang anu mekar jeung digaringkeun dina daun [[waru]] atawa daun [[jati]] (disebut ''usar''; digunakeun sacara tradisional), spora kapang témpé dina medium tipung (tarigu, béas, atawa tapioka; loba dijual di pasar), atawa kultur ''[[Rhizopus oligosporus|R. oligosporus]]'' murni (umum digunakan oleh pembuat tempe di luar [[Indonesia]]).<ref name=steinkraus18>Steinkraus, K. H. (Penyunting) (1996), hlm. 18</ref> Inokulasi bisa dilakukeun ku dua cara, nyaéta (1) nyebarkeun inokulum dina kacang kedelé anu enggeus tiis jeung digarngkeun, tuluy dicampur rata saméméh dibungkusan; atawa (2) inokulum bisa dicampurkeun langsung dina waktu ngeueum, diantep sakeudeung satuluyna digaringkeun.<ref name=Hermana>Hermana & Karmini, M. (1999) The Development of Tempe Technology. Di dalam Agranoff, J (editor dan penerjemah), ''The Complete Handbook of Tempe: The Unique Fermented Soyfood of Indonesia'', hlm. 80–92. Singapura: The American Soybean Association.</ref> == Sejarah dan perkembangan == === Asal-muasal === [[Gambar:Indonesian_fried_tempeh.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Témpé.]] Henteu kawas [[kadaharan]] tina kedelé tradisional liana anu biasana asalna ti [[Cina]] atau [[Jepang]], témpé asalna ti [[Indonesia]].<ref name=Huang/> acan jéntré iraha dijieuna témpé mimitina. Ngan, [[kadaharan]] tradisonal geus kakoncara mang abad-abad lilana, utamana dina kabudayaan [[Jawa]], khususna [[Yogyakarta]] jeung Surakarta. Dina bab 3 jeung bab 12 manuskrip ''Serat Centhini'' jeung séting [[Jawa]] abad ke-16 (Serat Centhini ditulis dina abad ka-19) enggeus kapanggih ngaran "témpé" téh, misana ku nyebutan ngaran [[kadaharan]] ''jaé santen témpé'' (sarupaning pasakan témpé dicampur ku santen) jeung ''kadhélé témpé sarundéngan''. Hal ieu jeung catetan sajarah anu aya laina ngébréhkeun yén dina mimitina témpé diproduksi tina kedelé hideung, asalna tina masarakat pasisian tradisional [[Jawa]] dimekarkeun di daérah Kesultanan Mataram, [[Jawa Tengah]], jeung kakoncara saacan abad ka-16.<ref name=Astuti>Astuti, M. (1999) History of the Development of Tempe. Di dalam Agranoff, J., hlm. 2–13.</ref> Kecap "témpé" asalna tina bahasa Jawa Kuno. Dina jaman Jawa Kuno aya kadaharan warnana bodas dijieun tina tipung tarigu anu disebut ''tumpi''. Témpé seger anu warnana bodas katempona ngabogaan Tumpi ogé.<ref name=Syarief1999p2>{{cite book | last = Syarief | first = R. | coauthors = dkk. | title = Wacana Tempe Indonesia | publisher = Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala | date = 1999 | location = Surabaya | pages = hlm. 2 | isbn = 979-8142-16-0}}</ref> Kecap "témpé" asalna tina bahasa Jawa Kuno. Dina jaman Jawa Kuno aya kadaharan warnana bodas dijieun tina tipung tarigu anu disebut ''tumpi''. Témpé seger anu warnana bodas katempona ngabogaan Tumpi ogé.<ref name=Syarief1999p2/> Salian ti éta ceuk sumber liana yén témpé téh geus aya ti taun [[1875]] dina kamus [[bahasa Jawa]]-[[bahasa Belanda|Belanda]].<ref name=bookoftempeh>{{citation |title=The Book of Tempeh |first1=W. |last1=Shurtleff |first2=A. |last2=Aoyagi |publisher=Ten Speed Press |location=Berkeley |year=2001 |edition=2nd |isbn=1580083358 |page=hlm. 146}} </ref> Sumber liana ngébréhkeun yén nyieun témpé dimimitian ti jaman ''Tanam Paksa'' di Jawa. Dina mangsa éta, masarakat Jawa kapaksa ngagunakeun hasil tatanén, saperti sampeu, boléd jeung kedelé, pikeun sumber kadaharan. Selian ti éta, aya ogé sawangan anu nyebutkeun yén témpé dikenalkeun mimiti ku urang-urang Tionghoa anu ngahasilkeun kadaharan sajenisna, nyaéta ''koji''<sup id="fn_1_back">[[#fn 1|1]]</sup> kedelé anu diferméntasikan ngagunakeun kapang ''Aspergillus''.<ref name=tempehinfo>{{Cite web | last = TopCultures | title = Tempeh History | url=http://www.tempeh.info/tempeh-history.php}} </ref> Satuluyna, téhnik nyieun témpé mekar ka sakumna nagara [[Indonesia]], luyu jeung mekarna masarakat [[Jawa]] anu migrasi ka sakumna nagara Indonésia.<ref name=Astuti/> === Témpé di Indonesia === [[Gambar:Tempe_goreng_snack.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Goréngan]] [[Indonesia]] téh nagara produsén témpé panggedéna sadunya jeung jadi pasar kedelé panggedéna di Asia. Saloba 50% tina konsumsi kedelé [[Indonesia]] nyaéta bentuk témpé,40% tahu, jeung 10% dina bentuk produk liana (saperti tauco, kécap, jrrd). Konsumsi témpé rata-rata per jalma per taun di [[Indonesia]] kiwari kira-kira 6,45&nbsp;kg.<ref name=Astawan>{{Citation | last = Astawan | first = M. | title = Tempe: Cegah Penuaan & Kanker Payudara..! | pages = | newspaper = Kompas | date = 3 Juli 2003 | url = http://www.kompas.co.id/kesehatan/news/0307/03/092312.htm | accessdate = <!-----20 November 2009-----> | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050309121715/http://www.kompas.co.id/kesehatan/news/0307/03/092312.htm | archivedate = 9 March 2005}}</ref> Dina [[Sajarah Indonesia (1942-1945)|jaman masarakat Jepang di Indonesia]], sakabéh tawanan perang anu dibéré dahar témpé moal kasorang ku kasakit [[diséntri]] jeung [[busung lapar]].<ref name=Astawan/> Sajumlah panalungtikan anu medal dina taun 1940-an nepi ka 1960-an ogé nyindekeun yén loba tahanan [[Perang Dunia II]] bisa salamet ku sabab témpé.<ref name=bookoftempeh147>Shurtleff, W. & A. Aoyagi (2001), hlm. 147 ({{|JLeP4E1dQUUC|lihat|147|POWs+Sukarno+Yap+Bwee+Hwa}})</ref> Numutkeun [[Onghokham]], témpé anu euyeub ku protéin geus nyalametkeun kaséhatan penduduk [[Indonesia]] anu padet jeung panghasilana teu nyukupan .<ref name=Onghokham>{{Citation | author = Onghokham | title = Tempe: Sumbangan Jawa untuk Dunia | pages = | newspaper = Kompas | url = http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/millenium/data2000/temp39.htm | accessdate = <!-----20 November 2009-----> | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20010215035727/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/millenium/data2000/temp39.htm | archivedate = 15 February 2001}}</ref> Ngan, ngaran 'témpé' pernah digunakeun di daérah perkotaan Jawa, utamana Jawa tengah, pikeun acuan dina hal anu kualitasna handap. Istilah saperti 'méntal témpé' atawa 'kelas témpé' digunakeun dina ngarendahkeun darajat anu saharti jeung murahna harga témpé.<ref name=Kodiran>Kodiran (1999) Socio-Cultural Aspects of Tempe in Indonesia. Di dalam Agranoff, J., hlm. 16–19.</ref> [[Soekarno]], [[Presiden Indonesia]] munggaran, mineng merhatikeun rahayat Indonésia ku cara, "Ulah jadi bangsa témpé." Kakara dina mangsa 1960-an témpé jadi kadaharan anu dipikaresep.<ref name=bookoftempeh147/> Dina ahir 1960-an jeung mimiti 1970-an aya sababaraha parobahan dina nyieun témpé di Indonésia.<ref name=tempehchange>Shurtleff, W. & A. Aoyagi (2001), hlm. 148 ({{|JLeP4E1dQUUC|lihat|148|1960s+1970s+changes+polyethylene+starters+imported+KOPTI}})</ref> Plastik (polietilena) mimiti ngagantikeun daun cau pikeun mungkus témpé, ragi jeung [[tipung]] (diproduksi mimiti 1976 ku Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonésia jeung loba digunakeun ku Koperasi Produsén Témpé Tahu Indonésia, Kopti) mimiti ngagantikeun laru tradisional jeung kedelé impor mimiti ngagantikeun kedelé lokal. Produksi témpé ngaronjat jeung industrina dimodérnisasi dina taun 1980-an, sawaréh boga peran sarta Kopti anu aya dina [[11 Maret 1979]] di [[Jakarta]] jeung taun 1983 geus ngabogaan anggota leuwih ti 28.000 produsén témpé jeung tahu.(diproduksi mulai [[1976]] oleh [[Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia]] dan banyak digunakan oleh Koperasi Produsen Tempe Tahu Indonésia, Kopti<ref name=Astuti/>) [[Standar|Standar téhis]] jang témpé geus ditetepkeun ku [[Standar Nasional Indonesia]] jeung diaku ti 9 Oktober 2009 SNI 3144:2009. Dina standar éta, témpé kedelé dihartikeun salaku "produk hasil tina ferméntasi siki kedelé ngagunakeun kapang Rhizopus sp., ngabentuk padetan sarta warnana bodas rada ka abu-abuan has sakumaha témpé umumna".<ref name=SNI>{{cite web |url=http://websisni.bsn.go.id/index.php?/sni_main/sni/unduh/10236 |title=SNI 3144:2009. Tempe kedelai |publisher=[[Badan Standardisasi Nasional]] }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509191456/http://websisni.bsn.go.id/index.php?%2Fsni_main%2Fsni%2Funduh%2F10236 |date=2015-05-09 }}</ref> === Témpé di Luar Indonesia === Témpé mimiti asup ka masarakat [[Eropa]] ngaliwatan urang [[Belanda]].<ref name=tempehinfo/> Dina taun 1895, [[Prinsen Geerlings]] (ahli [[kimia]] jeung [[mikrobiologi]] ti walanda) narékahan anu pang mimitina pikeun nalungtik témpé.<ref name=bookoftempeh/> Ngaliwatan [[Belanda]], témpé geus kakoncara di [[Eropa]] ti taun [[1946]].<ref name=tempehinfo/> Sawatara ti éta, témpé kawentar [[Amerika Serikat]] sanggeus mimiti dijieun di [[Amerika Serikat]] ti taun [[1958]] ku Yap Bwee Hwa, urang [[Indonesia]] anu ngalakukeun panalungtikan ilmiah ngeunaan témpé.<ref name=bookoftempeh147/> Di [[Jepang]] Témpé ditalungtik ti taun [[1926]] ngan kakara diproduksi sacara komersial kira-kra taun [[1983]].<ref name=bookoftempeh153>Shurtleff, W. & A. Aoyagi (2001), hlm. 153</ref> Dina taun [[1984]] geus kacatet 18 perusahaan témpé [[Eropa]], 53 di [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]], jeung 8 di [[Jepang]]. 53 di [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]], jeung 8 di [[Jepang]].<ref name=bookoftempeh153>Shurtleff, W. & A. Aoyagi (2001), hlm. 153</ref> Dina taun [[1984]] geus kacatet aya 18 perusahaan témpé di [[Eropa]], 53 di [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]], jeung 8 di [[Jepang]]. Di sababaraha nagara deungeun, saperti [[Republik Rakyat Cina]], [[India]], [[Taiwan]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kanada]], [[Australia]], [[Amerika Latin]], jeung [[Afrika]], témpé geus mimiti kakoncara di sababaraha kalangan masarakat.<ref name=Karyadi>Karyadi, D. (1999) The Development of Tempe Across Five Continents. Di dalam Agranoff, J., hlm. 21–25.</ref> == Catetan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Masakan Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Kadaharan]] [[Kategori:Olahan prosés férméntasi]] 93gewbgqtkh9qhn45saw4g692vxhxtc Karajaan Sriwijaya 0 33816 729158 713064 2026-09-26T12:57:47Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country |conventional_long_name = Sri Wijaya |common_name = Sriwijaya |native_name = Kadatuan Sriwijaya |continent = pindah ti Kategori:Asia ka Asia Tenggara |region = Asia Tenggara (Asia Kidul Wétan) |country = Kamboja, Indonésia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand |religion = [[Buda Mahayana]], [[Animismeu]] jeung [[Hindu]] |p1 = Kantoli |p2 = Sailéndra |s1 = Dharmasraya |s2 = Karaijaan Singapura |year_start = 650 |year_end = 1377 |date_start = |date_end = |event_start = Ékspédisi jeung ékspansi Dapunta Hyang, ([[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]]) |event_end = Taluk ka [[Singasari]] 1288, [[Majapait]] mungkas baruntakna Sriwijaya taun 1377 |image_coat = |symbol_type = |image_map = Srivijaya Empire.svg |image_map_caption = Lega maksimeum Kakaisaran Sriwijaya kurang leuwih abad ka-8 kalayan runtuyan ékspédisi jeung ékspansina |capital = * [[Palémbang]] <br/> * Jawa Tengah (mangsa [[Sailéndra]] awal) * [[Chaiya]] (ibu kota régional) * [[Jambi]] (mangsa katompérnakeun) |common_languages = [[Malayu Buhun]], [[Sangsakerta]] |government_type = Karajaan |title_leader = Maharaja |leader1 = Jayanasa |year_leader1 = Kira-kira taun 683 |leader2 = Dharmasetu |year_leader2 = Kira-kira taun 775 |leader3 = Samaratunga |year_leader3 = Kira-kira taun 792 |leader4 = Balaputra |year_leader4 = Kira-kira taun 835 |leader5 = [[Sri Culamanivarmadeva]] |year_leader5 = Kira-kira taun 988 |currency = Koin emas jeung perak murni |category= |today = {{flag|Indonesia}}<br>{{flag|Malaysia}}<br>{{flag|Philippines}}<br>{{flag|Singapore}}<br>{{flag|Thailand}} |footnotes = }} '''Sriwijaya''' (atawa disebut ogé '''Srivijaya'''; Thai: ศรีวิชัย atawa "Ṣ̄rī wichạy") nyaéta salah sahiji kamaharakaan maritim anu kungsi ngadeg di [[pulo]] [[Sumatera]] jeung loba méré pangaruh di [[Nusantara]] kalawan wewengkon kakawasaanna ti [[Kamboja]], [[Thailand]] [[Kidul]], Semenanjung Malaya, [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], jeung basisir [[Kalimantan]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=Les inscriptions malaises de Çrivijaya|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient (BEFEO) |year=1930|volume=30||issue=||pages=29-80}}</ref><ref name="end">{{cite book |last=Munoz|first=Paul Michel|title=Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|year=2006|location=Singapore|url=https://archive.org/details/earlykingdomsofi0000muno|doi= |id= ISBN 981-4155-67-5}}</ref> Dina [[basa]] Sansekerta, ''sri'' artina "gurilap" atawa "burinyay", jeung ''wijaya'' artina "menang" atawa "kajayaan",<ref name="end" /> ku kituna ngaran Sriwijaya boga makna "kajayaan anu gumilang". Bukti munggaran ngeunaan ayana karajaan ieu asalna ti [[abad ka-7]]; saurang pandita ti [[Tiongkok]] I Tsing, nuliskeun yén anjeunna datang ka Sriwijaya [[taun]] [[671]] jeung dumuk salila [[6]] [[bulan]].<ref>Gabriel Ferrand, (1922), ''L’Empire Sumatranais de Crivijaya'', Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, “Textes Chinois”</ref><ref name="Takakusu">Junjiro Takakusu, (1896), ''A record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago AD 671-695, by I-tsing'', Oxford, London.</ref> Salajengna prasasti nu pangkolotna ngeunaan Sriwijaya ogé dina [[abad ka-7]], nyaéta [[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] di Palembang, taun [[682]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Casparis |first=J.G.|authorlink=Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis|title=Indonesian palaeography: a history of writing in Indonesia from the beginnings to C. A, Part 1500 |year=1975 |publisher=E. J. Brill |id=ISBN 90-04-04172-9 }}</ref> Mundurna pangaruh Sriwijaya ka wewengkon handapna dimimitian ku sabab sababaraha perang <ref name="end" /> di antarana serangan ti raja Dharmawangsa Teguh ti [[Jawa]] di taun [[990]], jeung taun [[1025]] serangan Rajendra Chola I ti Koromandel, salajengna taun [[1183]] kakawasaan Sriwijaya di handap pangaruh karajaan Dharmasraya.<ref name="Muljana">{{cite book |last=Muljana|first=Slamet|authorlink=Slamet Muljana|title= Sriwijaya|url=https://archive.org/details/Sriwijaya|editor= F.W. Stapel|publisher=PT. LKiS Pelangi Aksara|year=2006 |location= |pages=|id=ISBN 978-979-8451-62-1 }}</ref><ref name="Suwarno">{{Citation | last =Suwarno| first = Suwarno| coauthors =P.J.| year = 1993| title =Pancasila budaya bangsa Indonesia: penelitian Pancasila dengan pendekatan, historis, filosofis & sosio-yuridis kenegaraan|page=18|location=Jakarta| publisher =Kanisius| isbn =9789794139677| Url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=x-A0wy95LUQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=budaya&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB3OyS66_oAhXKyTgGHZwZBesQ6AEIUTAG#v=onepage&q=budaya&f=false}}</ref> Sanggeus runtag, karajaan ieu dipohokeun jeung éksisténsina dipikanyaho liwat publikasi taun [[1918]] ti ahli [[sajarah]] [[Perancis]] Géorge Cœdés ti ''École française d'Extrême-Orient''.<ref name="Cœdés">{{cite journal |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=Le Royaume de Çriwijaya|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient|year=1918|volume=18||issue=6||pages=1-36}}</ref> == Catetan [[sajarah]] == Euweuh catetan leuwih jero ngeunaan Sriwijaya dina [[sajarah]] [[Indonesia]]; Ingetan nu kapopohokeun diwangun deui ku sarjana asing. euweuh urang [[Indonesia]] modérn anu nguping ngeunaan Sriwijaya nepi taun [[1920]]-an, nalika sarjana [[Perancis]] Géorge Cœdés ngawanohkeun pamanggihna dina koran [[basa Walanda]] jeung [[basa Indonesia]].<ref name="TAYLOR">{{cite book |last=Taylor|first=Jean Gelman|title=Indonesia: Peoples and Histories|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2003 |location= New Haven and London|url=https://archive.org/details/indonesia00jean|doi= |pages=|id= ISBN 0-300-10518-5}}</ref> Coedés ngebrehkeun yén referensi Tiongkok ka "San-fo-ts'i", sateuacanna dibaca "Sribhoja", sarta sababaraha [[prasasti]] dina [[basa]] Malayu Kuna ngarujuk ka kaisar nu sarua.<ref>{{cite book |last=Krom|first=N.J.|chapter= Het Hindoe-tijdperk |title= Geschiedenis van Nederlandsch Indië|editor= F.W. Stapel|publisher=N.V. U.M. Joost van den Vondel|year=1938 |location= Amsterdam|url= |doi= |pages= vol. I p. 149|id= }}</ref> Sriwijaya jadi perlambang kaagungan [[Sumatera]] awal, jeung karajaan badag [[Nusantara]] iwal Majapahit di [[Jawa]] Wétan. Dina [[abad ka-20]], dua karajaan éta jadi referensi ku kaom nasionalis pikeun nunjukkeun yén [[Indonésia]] mangrupa hiji nagara sateuacan [[Hindia Walanda]].<ref name="TAYLOR"/> Sriwijaya disebut ku sababaraha ngaran. Urang Tionghoa nyebutna ''Shih-li-fo-shih'' atawa ''San-fo-ts'i'' atawa ''San Fo Qi''. Dina basa Sansekerta jeung Pali, karajaan Sriwijaya disebut ''Yavadesh'' jeung ''Javadeh''. Bangsa Arab nyebutna ''Zabaj'' jeung Khmer nyebutna ''Malayu''. Loba ngaran mangrupa alesan séjén kunaon Sriwijaya hésé kapanggih.<ref name="end" /> Iwal ti peta Claudius Ptolemaeus kapanggih katerangan ngeunaan ayana 3 [[pulo]] ''Sabadeibei'' nu mungkin aya pakaitna jeung Sriwijaya.<ref name="Muljana"/> Dina taun [[1993]], Pierre-Yves Manguin ngalakukeun ''observasi'' jeung méré sawangan yén puseur Sriwijaya ayana di ''Sungai'' Musi antara Bukit Seguntang jeung Sabokingking (nu ayana di provinsi [[Sumatera]] Kidul kiwari).<ref name="end" /> Namung sateuacanna Soekmono nyawang yén puseur Sriwijaya ayana di wewengkon sehiliran Batang Hari, antara Muara Sabak nepi ka Muara Tembesi (di provinsi [[Jambi]] kiwari),<ref name="Muljana"/> kalawan catetan Karajaan Melayu teu di kawasan eta, lamun Malayu di kawasan éta, condong ka pamadegan Moens,<ref name="Soekmono2">{{cite book |last=Soekmono|first=R.|authorlink=Soekmono |title=Pengantar sejarah kebudayaan Indonesia 2|year=2002 |publisher=Kanisius |id=ISBN 979-413-290-X }}</ref> anu sateuacanna oé geus boga sawangan yén puseur karajaan Sriwijaya aya di kawasan [[Candi]] Muara Takus (provinsi [[Riau]] kiwari), kalawan asumsi nunjuk ka lalampahan dina catetan I Tsing,<ref name="Poesponegoro">Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro, Nugroho Notosusanto, (1992), ''Sejarah nasional Indonesia: Jaman kuna'', PT Balai Pustaka, ISBN 979-407-408-X</ref> sarta hal ieu bisa ogé dikaitkeun jeung warta ngeunaan diadegkeunna candi nu disembahkeun ku raja Sriwijaya (''Se li chu la wu ni fu ma tian hwa'' atawa Sri Cudamaniwarmadewa) taun [[1003]] ka kaisar [[Cina]] anu dingaranan ''cheng tien wan shou'' ([[Candi]] Bungsu, salah sahiji bagéan [[candi]] nu ayana di Muara Takus).<ref>''Forgotten Kingdoms in Sumatra'', Brill Archive</ref> Namung nu pasti dina mangsa kakawasaan Rajendra Chola I, dumasar prasasti Tanjore, Sriwijaya puseur dayeuhna di ''Kadaram'' (Kedah kiwari).<ref name="Muljana"/> == Pangwangunan jeung Kamekaran == Teu acan aya bukti fisik ngeunaan Sriwijaya anu kapanggih.<ref name="TAYLOR"/> Karajaan ieu jadi puseur niaga jeung mangrupa nagara maritim, namung karajaan ieu teu ngagedéan kakawasaana si luar wilayah kapuloan [[Asia Tenggara]]. Sababaraha ahli masih madungdengkeun kawasan nu jadi puseur pamaréntahan Sriwijaya, salian éta mungkin karajaan ieu biasa mindahkeun puseur pamaréntahanna, namung kawasan nu jadi puseur dayeuh angger diparéntah langsung ku pangawasa, sedengkeun wewengkon pangrojongna diparentah ku dātu. [[Gambar:Candi Gumpung Muarojambi.jpg|left|thumb|[[Candi]] Gumpung, [[candi]] Buddha di Muaro Jambi, Karajaan Melayu anu ditaklukeun ku Sriwijaya.]] [[Gambar:Chaiya Wat Kaew.jpg|left|thumb|Puing Wat ([[Candi]]) Kaew anu asalna ti zaman Sriwijaya di Chaiya, [[Thailand]] Selatan.]] [[Gambar:Borobudur Northwest View.jpg|left|thumb|[[Candi]] Borobudur, pangwangunanna diréngsékeun di masa Samaratungga]] Kakaisaran Sriwijaya geus aya ti [[671]] saluyu jeung catetan I Tsing, di prasasti Kedukan Bukit di taun [[682]] dipikanyaho imperium ieu di handap kapamingpinan Dapunta Hyang. Di [[abad ka-7]] ieu, urang Tionghoa nyatet yén aya [[2|dua]] karajaan nyaéta ''Malayu'' jeung ''Kedah'' jadi bagéan kamaharajaan Sriwijaya.<ref name="end" /> Dumasar prasasti Kota Kapur anu angkana taun [[686]] kapanggih di pulo Bangka, kamaharajaan ieu geus ngawasa bagéan kidul [[Sumatera]], [[pulo]] Bangka jeung Belitung, nepi ka [[Lampung]]. [[Prasasti]] ieu ogé nyabutkeun yén Sri Jayanasa geus nyieun ekspedisi militer keur ngahukum ''Bhumi [[Jawa]]'' anu teu babakti ka Sriwijaya, kajadian ieu babarengan jeung runtagna [[Tarumanagara]] di [[Jawa Kulon]] jeung Holing (Kalingga) di [[Jawa Tengah]] nu kamungkinan sabab serangan Sriwijaya. Sriwijaya mekar jeung bisa ngandalikeun jalur paniagaan mariti di Selat Malaka, [[Selat Sunda]], Laut [[China]] Kidul, Laut [[Jawa]], jeung Selat Karimata. Ekspansi karajaan ieu ka Jawa jeung Semenanjung Malaya, ngajadikeun Sriwijaya ngontrol dua puseur paniagaan utama di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Dumasar observasi, kapanggih sésa [[candi]]-[[candi]] Sriwijaya di [[Thailand]] jeung [[Kamboja]]. Di [[abad ka-7]], palabuan Cham di beulah wetan Indochina mulai ngalihkeun loba padagang ti Sriwijaya. Keur nyegah hal éta, Maharaja Dharmasetu nyieun serangan ka dayeuh-dayeuh basisir Indochina. Dayeuh Indrapura di sisi sungai Mekong, di mimiti [[abad ka-8]] aya di handap kakawasaan Sriwijaya. Sriwijaya neruskeun dominasi ka [[Kamboja]], nepi raja Khmer Jayawarman II, nu ngadegkeun imperium Khmer, megatkeun hubungan jeung Sriwijaya di [[abad]] nu sarua.<ref name="end" /> Di ahir [[abad ka-8]] karajaan di [[Jawa]] Holing aya di handap kakawasaan Sriwijaya. Nurutkeun catetan, dina mangsa éta ogé wangsa Sailendra migrasi ka [[Jawa Tengah]] jeung boga kawasa di dinya. Di abad ieu oge, Langkasuka di semenanjung Melayu jadi bagéan karajaan.<ref name="end" /> Di masa salajengna, Pan Pan jeung Trambralinga, nu ayana di beulah kalér Langkasuka, ogé aya di handap pangaruh Sriwijaya. Sanggeus Dharmasetu, Samaratungga jadi panerus karajaan. Anjeunna ngawasa dina périodeu [[792]] nepi [[835]]. Teu jiga Dharmasetu nu ekspansionis, Samaratungga teu ngalakukeun ekspansi militer, namung leuwih milih keur nguatkeun pangawasaan Sriwijaya di [[Jawa]]. Salila masa kapamingpinanna, anjeunna ngawangun [[Candi]] Borobudur di [[Jawa Tengah]] nu réngsé di taun [[825]].<ref name="end" /> == Agama == [[Gambar:Muara Takus temple.jpg|thumb|[[Candi]] Muara Takus, salah sahiji kawasan anu dianggep salaku puseur dayeuh Sriwijaya.]] Salaku puseur pangajaran Buddha Vajrayana, Sriwijaya ngirut loba paziarah jeung sarjana ti [[nagara]]-[[nagara]] [[Asia]]. Antarana nyaéta pandita ti Tiongkok I Tsing, anu ngalakukeun kunjungan ka [[Sumatera]] dina lalampahan studina di Universitas Nalanda, [[India]], di taun [[671]] jeung [[695]], I Tsing ngalaporkeun yén Sriwijaya jadi imah keur sarjana Buddha nepi ka jadi puseur pangajaran [[agama]] Buddha. Sémah anu datang ka [[pulo]] ieu nyebatkeun yén koin [[emas]] geus digunakeun di basisir karajaan. Salian ti ajaran Buddha aliran, Buddha Hinayana jeung Buddha Mahayana ogé ngilu mekar di Sriwijaya. Nepi ka ahir [[abad ka-10]], ''Atiśa'', saurang sarjana Buddha asal Benggala anu boga peran dina ngamekarkeun Buddha Vajrayana di Tibet dina kertas gawéna ''Durbodhāloka'' nyebutkeun ditulis dina mangsa pamarétahan Sri Cudamani Warmadewa pangawasa ''Sriwijayanagara'' di ''Malayagiri'' di ''Suvarnadvipa''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1996|id=ISBN 0-8248-0368-X}}</ref> Karajaan Sriwijaya loba dipangaruhan ku [[budaya]] [[India]], mimitina ku [[budaya]] [[Hindu]] salajengna diturut ku agama Buddha. Raja-raja Sriwijaya ngawasaan kapuloan Melayu ngaliwatan niaga jeung naklukeun ti [[abad ka-7]] nepi [[abad ka-9]], sacara langsung ngilu ngembangkeun [[basa]] Melayu sarta kabudayaanna di [[Nusantara]]. <blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:45%; margin:0 0em 1em .25em; float:right; padding: 10px; display:table; margin-left:10px;">".... loba raja jeung pamingpin anu aya di pulo-pulo di Laut Kidul percaya jeung ngajén Buddha, dihaté aranjeunna geus kapelak kahadéan. Di jero benteng dayeuh Sriwijaya dipinuhan leuwih ti [[1000]] biksu Buddha, anu diajar kalawan tekun jeung ngamalkeunna kalawan hadé...Lamun biarawan [[China]] hayang ka [[India]] keur diajar “Sabda”, leuwih hadé aranjeunna dumuk heula di dieu salila sataun atawa dua taun keur neuleuman élmuna sateuacan dilanjutkeun di [[India]]".<p style="text-align: right;">— Gambaran Sriwijaya nurutkeun I Tsing.<ref name="Takakusu"/></blockquote> Mungkin ogé yén Sriwijaya nu kamahsyur salaku bandar puseur paniagaan di [[Asia Tenggara]], tangtu waé ngirut minat padagang jeung ulama [[muslim]] ti Timur Tengah, nepi ka sababaraha karajaan nu mimitina mangrupa bagéan Sriwijaya, salajengna tumuwuh jadi cikal-bakal karajaan-karajaan [[Islam]] di [[Sumatera]], nalika lemahna pangaruh Sriwijaya.<ref name="end" /> Aya sumber nu nyebutkeun, ku sabab pangaruh [[muslim]] Arab anu loba datang jeung niaga di Sriwijaya, ku kituna saurang raja Sriwijaya anu ngaranna Sri Indrawarman di taun [[718]] disebutkeun yén anjeunna asup [[Islam]] <ref>{{cite book |first=H. Zainal Abidin |last=Ahmad|title=Ilmu politik Islam V, Sejarah Islam dan Umatnya sampai sekarang|publisher=Bulan Bintang|year=1979}}</ref> atawa sahenteuna kairut keur diajar [[Islam]] jeung kabudayaan Arab, nepi ka mungkin kahirupan sosial Sriwijaya nyaéta masarakat sosial anu di jerona aya masarakat Buddha jeung [[Muslim]] sakaligus. Kacatet sababaraha kali raja Sriwijaya ngirim surat ka khalifah [[Islam]] di Damaskus, [[Suriah]]. Dina salah sahiji naskah surat anu ditujukeun ka khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz ([[717]]-[[720]]) eusina paménta ka khalifah sangkan ngirimkeun da’i ka istana Sriwijaya.<ref name="Prof">{{cite book |last=Prof. Dr. Azyumardi Azra, MA.,|title=Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII & XVIII|publisher=Mizan|year=1994|location=Jakarta}}</ref> == [[Budaya]] == Dumasar sababaraha sumber [[sajarah]], hiji masarakat anu kompleks jeung kosmopolitan anu dipangaruhan ku alam pikir Buddha Wajrayana digambarkeun mekar di puseur dayeuh Sriwijaya. Sababaraha prasasti Siddhayatra [[abad ka-7]] saperti [[Prasasti]] Talang Tuwo ngagambarkeun ritual Buddha anu ngaberkatan kajadian pinuh berkah nyaéta peresmian Taman Sriketra, anugerah Maharaja Sriwijaya keur rahayatna. [[Prasasti Telaga Batu]] ngagambarkeun karumitan jeung tingkatan jabatan pajabat karajaan, iwal ti éta [[Prasasti]] Kota Kapur nyebutkeun kagagahan balatentara Sriwijaya di handap [[Jawa]]. Sakabéh [[prasasti]] éta ngagunakeun [[Basa]] Melayu Kuno, [[basa]] anu digunakeun ku Sriwijaya nyaéta leluhur [[Basa]] Melayu jeung [[Basa Indonesia]] modérn. Ti [[abad ka-7]], [[basa]] Melayu Kuno geus digunakeun di [[Nusantara]] ditandaan kalawan kapanggihna sababaraha [[prasasti]] Sriwijaya jeung sababaraha [[prasasti]] [[basa]] Melayu Kuno di tempat séjén, saperti anu kapanggih di [[pulo Jawa]]. Hubungan dagang anu dilakukeun salaku bangsa [[Nusantara]] jadi wahana nyebarkeun [[basa]] Melayu, ku sabab [[basa]] ieu jadi alat [[komunikasi]] keur kaom padagang. Ti dinya, [[basa]] Melayu jadi ''lingua franca'' sarta digunakeun sacara luas ku loba panutur di kapuloan [[Nusantara]].<ref>[http://melayuonline.com/eng/researcher/dig/16/bambang-budi-utomo Melayu Online: Bambang Budi Utomo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005220517/http://melayuonline.com/eng/researcher/dig/16/bambang-budi-utomo |date=2011-10-05 }}</ref> Sanajan disebut mibanda kakuatan [[ekonomi]] jeung kaperkasaan militer, Sriwijaya ngan ninggalkeun saeutik patilasan purbakala di jajantung nagarana di [[Sumatera]], béda jeung episode Sriwijaya di [[Jawa Tengah]] nalika kapamingpinan wangsa Syailendra anu loba ngawangun monumen badag; saperti [[Candi]] Kalasan, [[Candi]] Sewu, jeung Borobudur. [[Candi]]-[[candi]] Buddha anu asalna ti masa Sriwijaya di [[Sumatera]] di antarana [[Candi]] Muaro [[Jambi]], [[Candi]] Muara Takus, jeung Biaro Bahal, tatapi teu saperti [[candi]] périodeu [[Jawa Tengah]] anu dijieun ti [[batu]] [[andesit]], [[candi]] di [[Sumatera]] dijieun ti bata [[beureum]]. Sababaraha arca sipatna Buddhisme, saperti sababaraha [[arca]] Buddha jeung Bodhisatva Awalokiteswara kapanggih di Bukit Seguntang, Palembang<ref>[http://www.epalembang.com/lang/en/travel-tourism/landmarks/bukit-siguntang/ Bukit Siguntang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304222750/http://www.epalembang.com/lang/en/travel-tourism/landmarks/bukit-siguntang/ |date=2012-03-04 }}</ref>, Jambi<ref>Titik Temu, Jejak Peradaban di Tepi Batanghari, Photograph and artifact exhibition of Muara Jambi Archaeological site, Bentara Budaya Jakarta, 9-11 November 2006</ref>, Bidor, Perak,<ref>[http://exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg/kaalachakra/art_and_Architecture1.htm KaalaChaKra, Early Indian Influences in Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720113310/http://exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg/kaalachakra/art_and_Architecture1.htm |date=2011-07-20 }}</ref> jeung Chaiya<ref>[http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/Srivijaya-7th-13th-Century/Avalokitesvara-figure-from-the-Srivijaya-Period-found-in-Chaiya-Thailand-9th-10th-century-bronze/6680daf37df64243a2cf59d12ea94fb0?key=%20Bangkok%20Thailand&thumb=x150&num=15&page=14 Bridgeman: Avalokitesvara figure from the Srivijaya Period, found in Chaiya, Thailand, 9th-10th century (bronze)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930092211/http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/Srivijaya-7th-13th-Century/Avalokitesvara-figure-from-the-Srivijaya-Period-found-in-Chaiya-Thailand-9th-10th-century-bronze/6680daf37df64243a2cf59d12ea94fb0?key=%20Bangkok%20Thailand&thumb=x150&num=15&page=14 |date=2011-09-30 }}</ref>. Sakabéh arca-arca ieu nampilkeun kaagrengan jeung langgam nu sarua saperti "Seni Sriwijaya" atawa "Langgam/Gaya Sriwijaya" anu nembongkeun kamiripan ku langgam Amarawati India jeung langgam Syailendra Jawa (di [[abad ka-8]] nepi [[abad ka-9]]).<ref>[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=183 Srivijaya Art In Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707103338/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=183 |date=2006-07-07 }}</ref> == Paniagaan == Di dunya paniagaan, Sriwijaya jadi pangatur padagangan ti [[India]] jeung Tiondkok, nyaéta ngawasaan selat Malaka jeung [[selat Sunda]]. Urang [[Saudi Arabia|Arab]] nyatet yén Sriwijaya mibanda komoditas nu loba nyaéta kapur barus, kayu gaharu, cengkeh, pala, kapulaga, gading, [[emas]] sarta timah anu nyieun raja Sriwijaya sabeunghar raja-raja di [[India]]..<ref name="Poesponegoro"/> Kabeunghatan anu loba geus ngamungkinkeun Sriwijaya meuli kasetiaan vassal-vassalnya di sakabéh [[Asia Tenggara]]. Salian ngajalin hubungan dagang jeung [[India]] sarta Tiongkok, Sriwijaya ogé ngajalin paniagaan jeung taneuh Arab, ngamungkinkeun utusan Maharaja Sri Indrawarman anu nganteurkeun [[surat]] ka khalifah Umar bin Abdul-Aziz ti Bani Umayyah taun [[718]] balik deui ka Sriwijaya kalawan mawa hadian 'Zanji'' (budak wanita berkulit hitam), sarta ti kronik Tiongkok disebutkeun ''Shih-li-fo-shih'' kalawan rajana ''Shih-li-t-'o-pa-mo'' (Sri Indrawarman) di taun [[724]] ngirimkeun hadiah keur kaisar [[China]], mangrupa ''ts'engchi'' (maksudna sarua jeung ''Zanji'' dina basa Arab).<ref name="Azra">{{cite book |last=Azra|first=Azyumardi|authorlink=Azyumardi Azra|title=Islam in the Indonesian world: an account of institutional formation|publisher=Mizan Pustaka|year=2006|id= ISBN 979-433-430-8}}</ref> Dina mimiti [[abad ka-10]], di antara runtagna dinasti Tang jeung naékna dinasti Song, padagangan jeung luar [[nagara]] cukup ramé, utamana Fujian, Karajaan Min jeung Karajaan Nan Han kalawan [[nagara]] beungharna Guangdong. Sriwijaya meunang kauntungan ti padagangan ieu.<ref name="Azra" /> == Relasi jeung Kakuatan Regional == [[Gambar:Borom That Chaiya.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Pagoda Borom That gaya Sriwijaya di Chaiya, [[Thailand]].]] Keur nguatkeun posisina di luhun pangawasaan di kawasan di [[Asia Tenggara]], Sriwijaya ngajalin hubungan diplomasi kalawan Kaisar [[Cina]], jeung sacara kaatus nganteurkeun utusan jeung upeti.<ref>Oliver W. Wolters, (1967), ''Early Indonesian Commerce: a study of the origins of Śrīvijaya'', Cornell University Press, Ithaca.</ref> Dina mangsa awal Karajaan Khmer mangrupa daérah jajahan Sriwijaya. Loba ahli sajarah ngaklaim yén Chaiya, di provinsi Surat Thani, [[Thailand]] Kidul, salaku puseur dayeuh karajaan éta, pangaruh Sriwijaya katempo dina wangunan pagoda Borom That anu gayana Sriwijaya. Nepi ka runtagna Sriwijaya, Chaiya kabagi jadi tilu dayeuh nyaéta (Mueang) Chaiya, Thatong (Kanchanadit), jeung Khirirat Nikhom. Sriwijaya ogé deukeut jeung karajaan Pala di Benggala, dina [[prasasti]] Nalanda angkana [[860]] nyatet yén raja Balaputradewa ngadedikasikeun hiji biara ka Nalanda. Relasi jeung dinasti Chola ti kidul [[India]] ogé deukeut pisan, ti [[Prasasti]] Leiden disebatkeun yén raja Sriwijaya di ''Kataha'' Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman geus ngawangun hiji vihara anu dingaranan ku ''Vihara Culamanivarmma'', namung jadi goréng sanggeus Rajendra Chola I naék tahta anu ngalakukeun serangan di [[abad ka-11]]. Tuluy hubungan ieu balik deui ka mangsa Kulothunga Chola I, di dinya raja Sriwijaya di Kadaram ngirimkeun utusan nu ménta dikaluarkeunna bagéan ti dinasti Chola, ti kronik Tiongkok nyebutkeun yén Kulothunga Chola I (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') salaku raja San-fo-ts'i ngabantuan renovasi candi deukeut Kanton di taun [[1079]], dina mangsa dinasti Song [[candi]] ieu disebut ku ngaran ''Tien Ching Kuan'' jeung di mangsa dinasti Yuan disebut ku ngaran ''Yuan Miau Kwan''.<ref name="Muljana"/> == Mangsa Kaemasan == [[Gambar:Avalokiteçvara, Malayu Srivijaya style.jpg|left|thumb|[[Arca]] emas Avalokiteçvara gaya Malayu-Sriwijaya, kapanggih di Rantaukapastuo, Muarabulian, [[Jambi]], [[Indonésia]].]] Kamaharajaan Sriwijaya nyirikeun karajaan maritim, ngandelkeun hégemoni dina tanaga armada lautna dina ngawasaan alur palayaran, jalur padagangan, ngawasaan jeung ngawangun sababaraha kawasan stratégis salaku pangkalan armadana dina ngawas, ngalindungi kapal dagang, nagih cukai sarta keur ngajaga wilayah kadaulatan jeung kakawasaanna..<ref>{{cite book |last=Pramono|first=Djoko |title=Budaya bahari|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|year=2005|id=ISBN 979-22-1351-1}}</ref> [[Gambar:Borobudur ship.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Model kapal taun [[800-an|800-an Masehi]] anu aya dina candi Borobudur]] Dina catetan sajarah jeung bukti arkeologi, dina [[abad ka-9]] Sriwijaya geus ngalakukeun kolonisasi di sakabeh karajaan-karajaan [[Asia Tenggara]], antarana: [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], Semenanjung Malaya, [[Thailand]], [[Kamboja]], [[Vietnam]],<ref name="end" /> jeung [[Filipina]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rasul|first=Jainal D.|title=Agonies and Dreams: The Filipino Muslims and Other Minorities"|publisher=CARE Minorities|year=2003|location=Quezon City|url= |doi= |pages=pages 77|id=}}</ref> Dominasi di [[Selat Malaka]] jeung [[Selat Sunda]], ngajadikeun Sriwijaya salaku pangawas rute padagangan rempah jeung padagangan lokal anu meunang bayaran ti unggal kapal anu ngaliwat. Sriwijaya ngaakumulasikeun kabeungharanna salaku palabuan jeung gudang padagangan anu ngalayanan pasar Tiongkok jeung [[India]]. Sriwijaya ogé disebut boga peran ngaruntagkeun karajaan Medang di [[Jawa]], dina prasasti Pucangan disebutkeunn salaku kajadian ''Mahapralaya'' nyaéta kajadian runtagna istana Medang di [[Jawa Timur]], ''Haji Wurawari'' ti ''Lwaram'' anu kamungkinan mangrupa raja handapeun Sriwijaya, dina taun [[1006]] atawa [[1016]] nyerang jeung nyababkeun kabunuhna raja Medang pamungkas. Dharmawangsa Teguh.<ref name="Muljana"/> == Ambang Wates Sriwijaya == Taun [[1017]] jeung [[1025]], Rajendra Chola I, raja ti dinasti Chola di Pantai Koromandel, [[India]] kidul, ngirim ekspedisi [[laut]] keur nyerang Sriwijaya, dumasar [[prasasti]] Tanjore taun [[1030]], karajaan Chola geus naklukkeun wewengkon – wewengkon koloni Sriwijaya, sakaligus meunang ngalawan raja Sriwijaya nu boga kawasa dina mangsa éta Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman. Salila sababaraha dekade saterusna, sakabeh imperium Sriwijaya geus aya dina pangaruh dina Chola. Sanajan kitu Rajendra Chola I geus méré lolongkrang ka raja-raja anu ditaklukeunna keur tetep boga kawasa salila tetep taluk ka anjeunna.<ref>Sastri K. A. N., (1935). ''The Cholas''. University of Madras.</ref> Hal ieu bisa dipatalikeun jeung ayana warta utusanna ''San-fo-ts'i'' ka Cina taun [[1028]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kulke |first=H. |authorlink= |coauthors=Kesavapany, K.; Sakhuja, V.|title=Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |year=2009 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian |location= |id=ISBN 981-230-936-5 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;font-size:90%" !colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700;" | Kawasan Sriwijaya dina prasasti Tanjore |- ! Ngaran kawasan !! Katerangan |- | Pannai || Kerajaan Pannai |- | Malaiyur || Kerajaan Melayu |- | Mayirudingam || |- | Ilangasogam || Langkasuka |- | Mappappalam || |- | Mevilimbangam || |- | Valaippanduru || |- | Takkolam || |- | Madamalingam || Tambralingga |- | Ilamuri-Desam || Lamuri |- | Nakkavaram || Nikobar |- | Kadaram || Kedah |} Namung dina mangsa ieu Sriwijaya dianggep geus jadi bagéan ti dinasti Chola, ti kronik Tiongkok nyebutkeun yén dina taun [[1079]] Kulothunga Chola I (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') raja dinasti Chola disebut ogé salaku raja San-fo-ts'i, anu salajengna ngirimkeun utusan keur ngabantuan renovasi candi deukeut Kanton. Salajengna dina warta [[Cina]] anu judulna ''Sung Hui Yao'' disebutkeun yén karajaan San-fo-tsi dina taun [[1082]] masih ngirimkeun utusan dina mangsa Cina di handap pamaréntahan Kaisar Yuan Fong. Duta besar éta ogé nepikeun [[surat]] ti raja ''Kien-pi'' handapeun San-fo-tsi, anu mangrupa [[surat]] ti putri raja anu dipasrahkeun urusan nagara san-fo-tsi, sarta nyerahkeun [[227]] tahil perhiasan, rumbia, sarta 13 baju. Salajengna ogé ngirimkeun utusan di taun [[1088]].<ref name="end" /> Pangaruh invasi Rajendra Chola I, ka hegemoni Sriwijaya kalawan raja-raja handapeunna ngaheureutan, sababaraha daerah handapan ngaleupaskeun manéh, nepin ka muncul Dharmasraya salaku kakuatan anyar anu salajengna ngawasaan deui wilayah jajahan Sriwijaya mimiti ti kawasan Semenajung Malaya, [[Sumatera]], sampai [[Jawa]] bagian barat. Dumasar sumber Tiongkok dina buku ''Chu-fan-chi''<ref>{{cite book |last=Hirth |first=F. |authorlink= |coauthors=Rockhill, W.W. |title=Chao Ju-kua, His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteen centuries, entitled Chu-fan-chi |year=1911 |publisher=St Petersburg}}.</ref> anu ditulis di taun 1178, ''Chou-Ju-Kua'' ngajelaskeun yén di kapuloan [[Asia Tenggara]] aya dua karajaan anu kacida kuat sarta beunghar, nyaéta San-fo-ts'i jeung Cho-po ([[Jawa]]). Di [[Jawa]] anjeunna manggihan yén rahayatna ngagem [[agama]] Buddha jeung [[Hindu]], sedengkeun rahayat San-fo-ts'i ngagem Buddha, jeung boga 15 daerah handapan nyaéta; ''Si-lan'' ([[Kamboja]]), ''Tan-ma-ling'' (Tambralingga, Ligor, kidul [[Thailand]]), ''Kia-lo-hi'' (Grahi, Chaiya kiwari, kidul [[Thailand]]), ''Ling-ya-si-kia'' (Langkasuka), ''Kilantan'' (Kelantan), ''Pong-fong'' (Pahang), ''Tong-ya-nong'' (Terengganu), ''Fo-lo-an'' (muara sungai Dungun daerah Terengganu kiwari), ''Ji-lo-t'ing'' (Cherating, pantai timur semenanjung malaya), ''Ts'ien-mai'' (Semawe, pantai timur semenanjung malaya), ''Pa-t'a'' (Sungai Paka, pantai timur Semenanjung Malaya), ''Lan-wu-li'' (Lamuri di [[Aceh]]), ''Pa-lin-fong'' (Palembang), ''Kien-pi'' ([[Jambi]]), jeung sabagéan ''Sin-t'o'' ([[Sunda]]).<ref name="Muljana">Slamet Muljana, 2006, ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS.</ref><ref name="Soekmono2"/> Namung, istilah ''San-fo-tsi'' utamana dina taun [[1178]] teu identik jeung Sriwijaya, tatapi geus identik jeung jeung Dharmasraya, ti 15 nagara handapan San-fo-tsi éta mangrupa daptar jajahan karajaan Dharmasraya, sanajan sumber Tiongkok geus nyebatkeun San-fo-tsi salaku karajaan anu aya di kawasan laut Cina Selatan. Hal ieu kusabab dina Pararaton geus nyebutkeun Malayu, disebutkeun Kertanagara Raja Singhasari ngirim hiji ekspedisi Pamalayu atawa ''Pamalayu'', jeung saterusna mere Arca Amoghapasa ka raja Melayu, Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauli Warmadewa di kabupaten Dharmasraya sakumaha anu katulis dina prasasti Padang Roco. Kajadian ieu salajengna dihubungkeun jeung manuskrip anu aya di prasasti Grahi. Kitu ogé dina Nagarakertagama, anu ngadadarkeun ngeunaan daérah jajahan Majapahit anu geus teu nyebutkeun deui ngaran Sriwijaya keur kawasan anu sateuacanna mangrupa kawasan Sriwijaya. == Struktur Pamaréntahan == Wangun hiji nagara dina dimensi struktur otoritas politik Sriwijaya bisa dilacak ti sababaraha prasasti anu nyangkem informasi penting ngeunaan ''kadātuan'', ''vanua'', ''samaryyāda'', ''mandala'' jeung ''bhūmi''.<ref name="Kulke">{{cite journal |last=Kulke |first=H. |title=Kadātuan Śrīvijaya’—Empire or Kraton of Śrīvijaya? A Reassessment of the Epigraphic Data |year=1993 |journal=Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extreme Orient |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=159-180}}</ref> ''Kadātuan'' bisa ngabogaan makna kawasan ''datuk'', (''tanah rumah'') padumukan ''bini hāji'', geus disimpen ''[[emas]]'' jeung hasil cukai (''drawy'') salaku kawasan anu kudu dijaga. Kadātuan ieu dilingkung ku ''vanua'', anu bisa dianggep salaku kawasan kota ti Sriwijaya anu di jerona aya ''vihara'' keur tempat ibadah masarakatna. ''Kadātuan'' jeung ''vanua'' ieu mangrupa hiji kawasan inti keur Sriwijaya éta sorangan. Nurutkeun Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis, ''samaryyāda'' mangrupa kawasan anu pagigir-gigir jeung ''vanua'', anu kahubung jeung jalan husus (''samaryyāda-patha'') anu bisa boga maksud kawasan jero. Sedengkeun ''mandala'' mangrupa hiji kawasan otonom ti ''bhūmi'' anu aya dina pangaruh kakawasaan ''kadātuan'' Sriwijaya.<ref name="Kulke" /> Pangawasa Sriwijaya disebut ''Dapunta Hyang'' atawa ''Maharaja'', jeung dina wilayah raja aya dina wilayah raja anu ngentep seureuh ''yuvarāja'' (putra mahkota), ''pratiyuvarāja'' (putra mahkota kadua) jeung ''rājakumāra'' (pewaris salajengna).<ref name="Caspa">Casparis, J.C., ([[1956]]), ''Prasasti Indonesia II: Selected Inscriptions from the 7th to the 9th century A.D.'', Vol. II. Bandung: Masa Baru.</ref> Prasasti Telaga Batu loba nyebutkeun jabatan dina struktur pamaréntahan karajaan dina mangsa Sriwijaya. == Hubungan jeung dinasti Sailendra == Munculna hubungan antara Sriwijaya jeung Wangsa Sailendra dimimitian kusabab ngaran ''Śailendravamśa'' dina sababaraha [[prasasti]] di antarana dina [[prasasti]] Kalasan di [[pulo]] [[Jawa]], prasasti Ligor di kidul [[Thailand]], jeung [[prasasti]] Nalanda di [[India]]. Iwal ti éta dina [[prasasti]] Sojomerto kapendak [[ngaran]] ''Dapunta Selendra''. Najan asal-usulna dinasti ieu masih jadi padungdengan nepi ka kiwari.<ref name="Poesponegoro"/> Majumdar boga pamadegan dinasti Sailendra ieu aya di Sriwijaya (Swarnadwipa) jeung Medang ([[Jawa]]), kaduanana asalna ti Kalinga di kidul [[India]].<ref name="Majumdar">{{cite journal |last=Majumdar|first=R.C.,|authorlink=|title=Le rois Çriwijaya de Suvarnadvipa|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient|year=1933|volume=XXXIII||issue=||pages=121-144}}</ref> Salajengna Moens nambahkeun kadatangan Dapunta Hyang ka Palembang, nyababkeun salah sahiji kulawarga dina dinasti ieu pindah ka [[Jawa]].<ref name="Moens">{{cite journal |last=Moensr|first=J.L.,|authorlink=|title=Çriwijaya, Yāva en Katāha|journal =TBG|year=1937|volume=LXXVII||issue=||pages=317-487}}</ref> Iwal ti éta Poerbatjaraka nyawang yén ieu dinasti asalna ti [[Nusantara]], dumasar [[Carita Parahiyangan]]<ref name="Poerbatjaraka">{{cite journal |last=Poerbatjaraka|first=R.N.,|authorlink=|title=Çriwijaya, de Çailendra-en de Sanjāyavança|journal =BKI|year=1956|volume=114||issue=||pages=254-264}}</ref> salajengna dikaitkeun jeung sababaraha [[prasasti]] di [[Jawa]] anu basana Malayu Kuna di antarana Prasasti Sojomerto.<ref name="Boechari">{{cite journal |last=Boechari|first=|authorlink=|title=Preliminary report on the discovery of an Old malay inscription at Sojomerto |journal =MISI|year=1966|volume=III||issue=||pages=241-251}}</ref> == Raja anu Maréntah == Para Maharaja Sriwijaya<ref name="end" /><ref name="Muljana">Slamet Muljana, 2006, ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" width="90%" !width="70px"|Taun !width="140px"|[[Ngaran]] Raja !width="140px"|Ibukota !width="400px"|[[Prasasti]], catetan ngirim utusan ka Tiongkok sarta kajadian |- |[[671]] |Dapunta Hyang atawa <br />Sri Jayanasa |Srivijaya Shih-li-fo-shih | Catetan lalampahan I Tsing di taun [[671]]-[[685]], naklukeun Malayu, naklukeun [[Jawa]] [[Prasasti]] Kedukan Bukit ([[683]]), [[Prasasti]] Talang Tuo ([[684]]), [[Prasasti]] Kota Kapur ([[686]]), [[Prasasti]] Karang Brahi jeung [[Prasasti]] Palas Pasemah |- |[[702]] |Sri Indrawarman Shih-li-t-'o-pa-mo |Sriwijaya Shih-li-fo-shih |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[702]]-[[716]], [[724]] Utusan ka Khalifah Muawiyah I jeung Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz |- |[[728]] |Rudra Vikraman Liéou-t'eng-wei-kong |Sriwijaya Shih-li-fo-shih |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[728]]-[[742]] |- |[[743]]-[[774]] | | |Teu acan aya warta dina mangsa ieu |- |[[775]] |Wisnu (raja)|Sri Maharaja |Sriwijaya |Prasasti Ligor B taun [[775]] di Nakhon Si Thammarat, kidul [[Thailand]] jeung naklukeun [[Kamboja]] |- | | |Pindah ka [[Jawa]] ([[Jawa Tengah]] atawa [[Yogyakarta]]) |Wangsa Syailendra ngagantikeun Wangsa Sanjaya |- |[[778]] |Dharanindra atawa<br /> Rakai Panangkaran |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Kelurak [[782]] di gigireun kalér kompleks [[Candi]] Prambanan [[Prasasti]] Kalasan taun [[778]] di [[Candi]] Kalasan |- |[[782]] |Samaragrawira atawa <br /> Rakai Warak |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Nalanda jeung [[prasasti]] Mantyasih taun [[907]] |- |[[792]] |Samaratungga atawa<br /> Rakai Garung |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Karang Tengah taun [[824]], [[825]] ngaréngsékeun pangwangunan [[candi]] Borobudur |- |[[840]] | | |Kabinangkitan Wangsa Sanjaya, Rakai Pikatan |- |[[856]] |Balaputradewa |Suwarnadwipa |Leungitna kakawasaan di [[Jawa]], sarta balik deui ka Suwarnadwipa [[Prasasti]] Nalanda taun [[860]], [[India]] |- |[[861]]-[[959]] | | |Teu acan aya warta di périodeu ieu |- |[[960]] |Sri Udayaditya Warmadewa Se-li-hou-ta-hia-li-tan |Sriwijaya San-fo-ts'i |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[960]], & [[962]] |- |[[980]] | | |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[980]] & [[983]]: kalawan raja, ''Hie-tche'' (Haji) |- |988 |Sri Cudamani Warmadewa Se-li-chu-la-wu-ni-fu-ma-tian-hwa |Sriwijaya Malayagiri (Suwarnadwipa) San-fo-ts'i |990 Jawa yerang Sriwijaya, Catetan ''Atiśa'',<br /> Utusan ka Tiongkok 988-992-1003,<br /> pangwangunan candi keur kaisar Cina anu dibéré ngaran <br />''cheng tien wan shou'' |- |1008 |Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman Se-li-ma-la-pi |San-fo-ts'i Kataha |Prasasti Leiden & utusan ka Tiongkok 1008 |- |1017 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i ke Tiongkok 1017: kalawan raja, ''Ha-ch'i-su-wa-ch'a-p'u'' <br />(''Haji Sumatrabhumi'' (?)); gelar ''haji'' biasana keur ''raja bawahan'' |- |1025 |Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman |Sriwijaya Kadaram |Diserang ku Rajendra Chola I jeung jadi tawanan Prasasti Tanjore tarikh 1030 dina candi Rajaraja, Tanjore, India |- |1030 | | |Dihandap Dinasti Chola ti Koromandel |- |1079 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i kalawan raja [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') ka Tiongkok 1079 mantuan renovasi candi Tien Ching di Kuang Cho (deukeut Kanton) |- |1082 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i ti ''Kien-pi'' (Jambi) ka Tiongkok 1082 jeung 1088 |- |1089-1177 | | |Teu acan aya warta |- |1178 | | |Laporan ''Chou-Ju-Kua'' dina buku ''Chu-fan-chi'' eusina daptar koloni San-fo-ts'i |- |1183 |Srimat Trailokyaraja Maulibhusana Warmadewa |Dharmasraya |Dihandap Dinasti Mauli, Karajaan Melayu, Prasasti Grahi taun 1183 di kidul [[Thailand]] |} == Warisan Sajarah == Sanajan Srwijaya ngan nyésakeun saeutik titinggal arkéologi sarta dipohokeun ti émutan masarakat pangrojongna, papanggihan deui kamaharajaan bahari ieu ku Coedés di taun [[1920]]-an geus ngabangkitkeun kasadaran yén hiji wangung persatuan politik raya, mangrupa kamaharajaan anu eusina gabungan karajaan-karajaan bahari, kungsi ngadep, tumuwuh, sarta jaya di mangsa bihari.<ref name="nya">{{cite book |title=Strategic Centrality: Indonesia's changing role in ASEAN |last=Smith |first=A.L. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2000 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |location=Singapore |isbn=981-230-103-8 |page=9 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C-IZCcEuX30C&pg=PA9&dq=Srivijaya+source+of+Indonesia+pride&cd=6#v=onepage&q=Srivijaya%20source%20of%20Indonesia%20pride&f=false/Strategic Centrality: Indonesia's changing role in ASEAN |accessdate=}}</ref> Warisan penting Sriwijaya nyaéta basana. Salila mangabad-abad kamekaran kakuatan [[ekonomi]] sarta kaperkasaan militérna, Sriwijaya boga peran badag ti nyebarna pamaké [[Basa]] Malayu Kuna di [[Nusantara]]. Sahenteuna di kawasan basisir. [[Basa]] ieu jadi [[basa]] gawé atawa [[basa]] anu fungsina salaku panghubung (''lingua franca'') digunakeun di sababaraha bandar jeung pasar kawasan [[Nusantara]].<ref name="sea.lib.niu.edu">[http://sea.lib.niu.edu/lang/malay.html Southeast Asia Digital Library: About Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710201133/http://sea.lib.niu.edu/lang/malay.html |date=2010-07-10 }}</ref> Sumebarna [[basa]] Melayu Kuna ieu mungkin geus muka sarta méré jalan keur [[Basa]] Melayu salaku [[basa]] nasional [[Malaysia]], jeung [[Basa Indonesia]] salaku basa “pemersatu” [[Indonesia]] kiwari.<ref name="sea.lib.niu.edu"/> Di sagigireun Majapahit, kaum nasionalis [[Indonesia]] ogé ngagungkeun Sriwijaya salaku sumber kabagjaan jeung bukti kajayaan mangsa bihari [[Indonesia]].<ref name="nya"/> Kajayaan Sriwijaya geus jadi sumber kabagjaan nasinal sarta identitas daérah, hususna keur masarakat [[kota]] Palembang, provinsi [[Sumatera Selatan]], kaagungan Sriwijaya geus jadi inspirasi seni budaya, saperti lagu jeung tarian tradisional Gending Sriwijaya. Hal anu sarua ogé lumaku ka masarakat kidul [[Thailand]] anu nyiptakeun tarian ''Sevichai'' dumasar kana kaanggunan seni [[budaya]] Sriwijaya. Di [[Indonesia]], ngaran Sriwijaya geus digunakeun sarta diabadikeun salaku ngaran jalan di sababaraha [[kota]], sarta ngaran ieu digunakeun ku Universitas Sriwijaya anu diadegkeun taun [[1960]] di Palembang. Kitu ogé Komando Daerah Militer II/Sriwijaya (unit komando militer), PT Pupuk Sriwijaya (Perusahaan Pupuk di Sumatera Selatan), Sriwijaya Post (Surat kabar harian di Palembang), Sriwijaya TV, Sriwijaya Air (maskapai penerbangan), Stadion Gelora Sriwijaya, jeung Sriwijaya Football Club (Klab sepak bola Palembang), sakabéh dingaranan kitu keur ngahormatan, ngamuliakeun, sarta ngarayakeun kamaharajaan Sriwijaya anu agung. <gallery> Gambar:KedukanBukit001.jpg|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] Gambar:Prasasti Kota Kapur.jpg|Prasasti Kota Kapur Gambar:Talang Tuo Inscription.jpg|Prasasti Talang Tuo Gambar:Telaga Batu inscription.JPG|[[Prasasti Telaga Batu]] Gambar:Southeast Asia trade route map XIIcentury.jpg|Peta Abad XII-XIII </gallery> == Catetan == {{reflist|2}} == Tumbu luar == * {{id}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160313065110/http://history.melayuonline.com/?a=c3nwl29qts9venvwrnrcb20== Kerajaan Sriwijaya di MelayuOnline.com] * {{id}} [http://arkeologi.palembang.go.id/ Balai Arkeologi Palembang dan Sriwijaya Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223013428/http://arkeologi.palembang.go.id/ |date=2015-12-23 }} * {{en}} [http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/hindu.htm Sejarah Melayu, Buddhist Empires] * {{en}} [http://epress.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/mobile_devices/ch15s05.html Śrīwijaya: A Centre of Learning?] {{featured article}} {{Artikel Geulis}} [[Kategori:Karajaan Sriwijaya]] [[Kategori:Karajaan di Sumatera]] i68rahx3h85q7rme4vtkbananete4yz Rafflesia 0 34148 729274 651768 2026-09-26T21:28:12Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rafflesia''' mangrupa [[Génus|genus di]] [[Tutuwuhan kembangan|kembangan tutuwuhan]] [[parasit]]. ٤فد Ieu kembang kapanggih di leuweung tropis [[Indonésia|Indonesia]] ku pituduh ti Dr. Joseph Arnold dina 1818, sarta dingaranan [[Thomas Stamford Raffles]]. Kembang nu kapanggih ngawengku kira-kira 27 spésiés (kaasup opat incompletely sakumaha dipikawanoh ku Meijer 1997), kabéh kapanggih dina [[Asia Kidul Wétan|Asia Tenggara]] , dina Semenanjung Malaya , [[Kalimantan]] , [[Sumatra]] , jeung [[Pilipina|Filipina]] . tutuwuhan ieu euweuh gawe, daun atawa akar leres. ''Rafflesia'' anu endoparasit on vines tina genus ''Tetrastigma'' (kulawarga Vitacéae ), nyebarkeun haustoriumnya akar sarupa dina jaringan vines. Hijina bagian tina tutuwuhan ''Rafflesia'' anu bisa ditempo di luar pabrik host nyaéta [[kembang]] -crowned lima. Dina sababaraha spésiés, kayaning ''Rafflesia arnoldii'' , ongkos dipikaresep diaméterna bisa jadi leuwih ti 100 &nbsp; cm, jeung timbangan nepi ka 10 &nbsp; kg. Malah spésiésna pangleutikna, ''nu manillana Rafflesia,'' diaméter kembang 20 &nbsp; cm. Kembang kasampak jeung bau kawas [[daging]] rotting, naha nu mangrupa Ieu kembang disebut "layon kembang" atawa "Daging kembang". Bau kembang éta teu ngeunah metot serangga kayaning [[Laleur|flies]] na kumbang dung, nu mawa sari ti kembang jalu pikeun kembang betina. Saeutik geus dipikawanoh ngeunaan sumebarna siki. Sanajan kitu, bajing jeung mamalia leuweung lianna tétéla ngahakan bungbuahan jeung nyebarkeun sikina. ''Rafflesia'' nyaéta kaayaan resmi kembang [[Indonésia|Indonesia]] , kitu ogé propinsi Surat Thani , [[Thailand]] . Ngaran "kembang bangkeé" dilarapkeun pikeun ''Rafflesia'' nya sabab ngalieurkeun ku Ngaran umum ieu ogé dipaké pikeun nujul ka ''[[Amorphophallus titanum]]'' (raksasa suweg / rod krebuit) tina kulawarga [[Araceae]] . Leuwih ti éta, ku sabab ''Amorphophallus'' boga inflorescence lempeng di dunya, éta kadangkala salah dianggap salaku kembang pangbadagna di dunya. Duanana ''Rafflesia'' na ''Amorphophallus'' nu kembangan, tapi loba dasi kulawarga maranéhanana. ''Arnoldii Rafflesia'' boga kembang ''tunggal'' pangbadagna di dunya sadaya kembangan, sahanteuna lamun jalma nangtoskeun tina beurat. ''Amorphophallus titanum'' boga inflorescence ''lempeng'' pangbadagna, bari korma Talipot ''(Corypha umbraculifera)'' boga inflorescence ''lempeng'' pangbadagna, nu diwangun ku rébuan kembang; tutuwuhan monokarpik Ieu, nu hartina masing-masing paeh individu sanggeus kembangan. [[Gambar:Rafflesia_80_cm.jpg|jmpl|''Keithii Rafflesia'' kembang, diaméter rata-rata 80 cm]] [[Gambar:Rafflesia_zollingeriana_Kds.jpg|jmpl|''Rafflesia zollingeriana'' Kds kapanggih dina Blok krecek, Taman Nasional Manajemén Bagéan (SPTN) Region II Ambulu, Meru Taman Nasional Betiri]] [[Gambar:Rafflesia_kerrii_flower_closeup.jpg|jmpl|Kembang ''R. kerrii'']] [[Gambar:Rafflesia_sp_Kinabalu2.jpg|jmpl| Tilu ''Rafflesia pricei'' tumuwuh deukeut deukeut [[Gunung Kinabalu]] , [[Sabah]] , [[Malaysia]] ]] [[Gambar:Rafflesia_euphorb_tree.gif|jmpl|200x200px| Hiji hipotésis anyar nu Rafflesiaceae diturunkeun tina Euphorbiaceae. Rafflesiaceae beureum, hideung Euphorbiaceae (redrawn ti Sadikin ''et al.,'' 2007).]] ; spésiés * ''Rafflesia arnoldii'' * ''Rafflesia azlanii'' * ''Rafflesia baletei'' * ''Rafflesia banahawensis'' * ''Rafflesia Bengkuluensis'' * ''Rafflesia cantleyi'' * ''Rafflesia Gadutensis'' * ''Rafflesia hasseltii'' * ''Rafflesia keithii'' * ''Rafflesia kerrii'' * ''Rafflesia Leonardi'' * ''Rafflesia lobata'' * ''Rafflesia manillana'' * ''Rafflesia micropylora'' * ''Rafflesia Mira'' * ''Rafflesia panchoana'' * ''Rafflesia Patma'' * ''Rafflesia pricei'' * ''Rafflesia rochussenii'' * ''Rafflesia schadenbergiana'' * ''Rafflesia speciosa'' * ''Rafflesia tengku-adlinii'' * ''Rafflesia master-mudae'' * ''Rafflesia verrucosa'' ; Spésiés nu teu diverifikasi * ''Rafflesia borneensis'' * ''Rafflesia ciliate'' * ''Rafflesia Titan'' * ''Rafflesia witkampii'' sequencing komparatif of DNA mitokondria (mtDNA) ''Rafflesia'' kalawan angiosperms séjén mtDNA nunjukkeun yén parasit ieu ngalobaan tina tutuwuhan fotosintétik tina urutan malpighiales .<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Barkman, T. J.|author-link=Barkman, T. J.|date=January 20, 2004|title=Mitochondrial DNA sequences reveal the photosynthetic relatives of ''Rafflesia'', the world's largest flower|url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/3/787?ijkey=b831816f017b346a02ca946d8bec3bff87ef686c&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha|journal=PNAS|volume=101|issue=3|pages=787–792|doi=10.1073/pnas.0305562101|pmid=14715901}}</ref> Ulikan sejen dina taun anu sarua dikonfirmasi hasilna ieu ngagunakeun mtDNA jeung urutan DNA nuklir, sarta némbongkeun yén tilu grup lianna tradisional digolongkeun dina Rafflesiacéae séjén nu teu patali.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nickrent, D. L.|author-link=Nickrent, D. L.|date=October 20, 2004|title=Phylogenetic inference in Rafflesiales: the influence of rate heterogeneity and horizontal gene transfer|url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/4/40|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=4: 40|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-4-40}}</ref> Hiji studi panganyarna kapanggih ''Rafflesia'' jeung baraya na ngapung di kulawarga [[Euphorbiaceae]] , héran alatan anggota kulawarga umumna boga pisan saeutik dipikaresep.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Davis, C. C.|author-link=Davis C. C.|date=January 11, 2007|title=Floral gigantism in Rafflesiaceae|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1135260v1?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=Rafflesia&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT|journal=Science|volume=doi = 10.1126/science.1135260|pages=1812|doi=10.1126/science.1135260|pmid=17218493}}</ref> Numutkeun analisis maranéhanana, laju évolusi ukuranana kembang téh leuwih atawa kirang konstan sakuliah kulawarga iwal di asal Rafflesiacéae , di mana suku geus gancang robah jadi badag saméméh ngarobah dina laju laun of change. == spésiés Filipina == ku sabab 2002 aya loba aktivitas ku élmuwan [[Pilipina|Filipina]] nu geus kapanggih jeung ngaranna sababaraha spésiés anyar ''Rafflesia.'' Sateuacan waktos aya dua spésiés dipikawanoh: ''R. manillana'' jeung ''R. schadenbergiana'' , spésiésna dimungkinkeun panungtungan ditempo dina 1882 di Gunung Ceremé di propinsi Davao di Pulo Mindanao , acan Ieu kembang dianggap punah. handap mangrupa runtuyan kagiatan ieu: * 2002. Hiji pegunungandi ''Rafflesia'' kapanggih dina propinsi antik béda ti ''Rafflesia'' anu geus disebutkeun saméméhna. Ieu kembang ngaranna ''speciosa Rafflesia'' ku Barcelona na Fernando (Kew Bulletin, 57: 647-651, 2002). * 2005. Sejen ''Rafflesia'' kapanggih di [[Pilipina|Filipina]] ku Drs. Fernando na Ong di gunung Candalaga jauh, Maragusan , propinsi Compostela Valley dina Mindanao . Ieu kembang ngaranna ''Rafflesia Mira'' ku Fernando na Ong (2005. Asia Kahirupan Élmu 14: 263-270). Grup sejen (Madulid dkk, 2005 Acta Manilana 53:. 1-6) pikeun nyebarkeun ngaran séjén ( ''R. magnifica'' ) engké, éta janten ''nami R. Mira'' tata ngaran sah. ''R. Mira'' (diaméter 45-60 &nbsp; cm), kasarna ukuran sarua salaku ''R. speciosa'' (45-56 &nbsp; cm) tina propinsi antik , tapi leuwih badag batan ''R. manillana'' of Luzon (diaméter 14-20 &nbsp; cm).<ref>[http://www.haribon.org.ph/?q=node/view/342 Haribon Wikimedia, ''Raffesia Mira:'' acan alesan séjén pikeun jadi bangga Filipina!]</ref> * 2005. Salila ekspedisi ka gunung jeung gunung Igtuog Sakpaw dina rentang gunung Tengah Panay dina April 2005, Renee Galang kapanggih hiji ''Rafflesia'' saméméhna ''undescribed.'' Ieu dingaranan ''R. lobata'' ku Galang na Madulid (2006, Folia Malaysiana 7: 1-8). * 2006. Danny Balete kumpulkeun ''Rafflesia'' anu teu terdeskripsi 1991 di Bicol Region Luzon kidul. kempelan ieu teu dipikawanoh salaku spésiés anyar dugi karya widang salajengna negeskeun yén ieu téh taxon béda ti ''R. manillana'' . Sababaraha populasi anu ogé ditempo dina propinsi Camarines Sur ( Gunung Isarog sarta Gunung Iriga )] deukeut Buhi na Iriga Kota . Ieu dingaranan ''R. baletei'' ku Barcelona, Cajano, sarta Hadsall (2006. Kew Bulletin 61: 231-237). ''R.'' ''R. irigaense'' ngaran atawa ''irigaenses'' sah tur tingal taxon sarua. * 2007. 1994 Pascal ngaluarkeun rediscover kuncup ''R. schadenbergiana'' dina Selatan Cotabato. kertas na ngalaporkeun hasilna ieu geus anyar geus diterbitkeun. Leuwih ti éta, Dr. Nagen Barcelona dilaporkeun kapanggihna Populasi séjén ieu satwa langka di Bukidnon (flora malesiana Bulletin, dikintunkeun; tingali ogé parasit Plant Connection).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rafflesia-in-bloom.blogspot.com/2007/09/rediscovery-of-rafflesia.html|title=Rediscovery of Rafflesia schadenbergiana|publisher=Rafflesia in bloom blog|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017115245/http://rafflesia-in-bloom.blogspot.com/2007/09/rediscovery-of-rafflesia.html|archivedate=2007-10-17|accessdate=2019-02-16}}</ref> * 2007. Gunung Banahaw di Pulo Luzon , mountaineer Minat jeung grup agama sigana, dugi kali panganyarna, anyplace nu teu mungkin pikeun manggihan spésiés ''anyar Rafflesia.'' Tapi éta. Ironisna, dua tulak geus diterbitkeun ''Rafflesia'' ieu ngaranna salaku spésiés anyar. Tétéla kahiji ku Madulid ''et al.'' (2006, Filipina Élmuwan 43: 43-51 - tapi mung aya Juli 2007) jeung nu kadua ku Barcelona ''et al.'' (2007, Bluméa 52: 345-350). Ku kituna, ngaran nu bener nyaéta ''R. banahawensis'' , moal ''R. Banahaw.'' * 2007. Karya widang na herbarium sejenna ngeunaan ''Rafflesia'' mimitina katelah ''R. manillana'' of Mount Makiling meunang pedaran ngeunaan spésiés anyar, ''R. panchoana'' ku DA Madulid sareng kolega Anjeun (2007, Acta Manilana 55: 43-47 - tapi sadia ngan dina 2008) , * 2008. Dina Kinapawan situs jauh di kota basisir tina Lal-lo di Cagayan Valley , anu Rafflesia jadi ahli botani dipikawanoh Filipina. Gawe sareng staf CAVAPPED, CI, sarta DENR, nagen Barcelona didatangan situs jeung ngumpulkeun jenis ieu tina ''Rafflesia.'' ''R. Leonardi'' sarupa ''R. manillana'' (tina Samar na Luzon ) jeung ''R. lobata'' of Panay ti lebar aperture diafragma jeung kembang nu tuwuh dina akar jeung bagian hawa tina Vine kana. Sanajan kitu, Ieu kembang béda ku sabab Ieu kembang badag (nepi ka 34 &nbsp; cm), anu piringan sentral ampir lembut atawa prosés shrinkage ditandaan, sarta henteuna patches bodas di tube kembang. Nunjukkeun yén ieu téh spésiés anyar jeung ngaran keur ngahargaan ka Léonardo Co anu mangrupa ahli dina flora Cagayan (2008. Bluméa 53: 223-228). Ieu kembang mangrupa 5 ''Rafflesia'' kapanggih di pulo of Luzon sarta 9 tina Filipina. artikel populer ngajéntrékeun penemuan anu bisa kapanggih dina rujukan di handap ieu.<ref>[http://beta.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=414822 spésiés kembang Anyar kapanggih dina Cagayan]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/134682/Rare-flower-species-found-only-in-northern-Philippines spésiés kembang langka kapanggih ukur di Kabupatén Ciamis kaler]</ref> == Rujukan == <references group="" responsive=""></references><br /> [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Kembang]] [[Kategori:Artikel Peserta WSSA]] [[Kategori:Araceae]] 86gx5c3dh6r69ke5rxlpj55792n4eje Moldova 0 34211 729227 711812 2026-09-26T17:54:16Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729227 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Pikeun kagunaan lian ti "Moldova" tempo [[Moldova (disambiguasi)]]'' {{Infobox Country |native_name = ''Republica Moldova'' |conventional_long_name = Républik Moldova |common_name = Moldova | image_map = Location Moldova Europe.png | map_caption = Lokasi '''Moldova''' (héjo)<br /> di buana Éropa (kulawu kolot) |national_anthem = ''[[Limba noastră]]''{{spaces|2}}<br />''Basa Urang''</small><!--Source: http://moldrpcv.tripod.com/id26.html--> |image_flag = Flag of Moldova.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Moldova.svg |capital = [[Kishinév]] |latd=47 |latm=0 |latNS=N |longd=28 |longm=55 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Kishinév]] |official_languages = [[Basa Moldova|Moldova]] |regional_languages = [[Basa Gagauz|Gagauz]], [[Basa Rusia|Rusia]], [[Basa Ukraina|Ukraina]], jeung [[Basa Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] |demonym = [[Bangsa Moldova|Moldova]] |government_type = [[Rapublik parleménter]] |leader_title1 = [[Présidén Moldova|Présidén]] |leader_name1 = [[Maia Sandu]] (Майя Санду |leader_title2 = [[Perdana Menteri Moldova|Perdana Menteri]] |leader_name2 = [[Natalia Gavrilița]] (Наталья Гаврилица) |leader_title3 = Pupuhu parlemén |leader_name3 = [[Igor Grosu]] (Игорь Гросу) |sovereignty_type = Konsolidasi |established_event1 = Déklarasi kadaulatan |established_date1 = 23 Juni 1990 |established_event2 = Déklarasi kamerdékaan (ti [[Uni Soviét]]) |established_date2 = <br /> 27 Agustus 1991{{smallsup|2}} |area = 33,846 <!-- Diakui 25 Desember 1991 http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2008/cr08132.pdf --> |areami² = 13,067 |area_rank = 139 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |percent_water = 1.4 |population_estimate = 3.560.430 (teu kaasup [[Transnistria]] jeung [[Bender, Moldova|Bender]]) |population_estimate_year = 1 Januari 2011<ref>[http://www.statistica.md/index.php?l=en National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113142639/http://www.statistica.md/index.php?l=en |date=2009-11-13 }}</ref><ref>[http://pridnestrovie.net/facts.html#population 2004 census of Transnistrian region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423231113/http://pridnestrovie.net/facts.html#population |date=2006-04-23 }}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = 129<sup>3</sup> |population_census = 3.383.332<sup>4</sup> |population_census_year = 2004 |population_density_km2 = 121,9 |population_density_sq_mi = 316 |population_density_rank = 87 |GDP_PPP_year = 2009 |GDP_PPP = $10.141 milyar<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=921&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=72&pr.y=13|title=Moldova|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2010-04-21}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504024644/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=921&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=72&pr.y=13 |date=2011-05-04 }}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2.842<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2009 |GDP_nominal = $5.403 milyar<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1.514<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |HDI_year = 2007 |HDI = {{increase}} 0.708 |HDI_rank = 111th |HDI_category = <span style="color:#fc0;">medium</span> |Gini = 37.1 <!-- http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2008/cr08132.pdf --> |Gini_year = 2007 |Gini_category = <span style="color:#fc0;">medium</span> |currency = [[Leu Moldova]] |currency_code = MDL |time_zone = [[Wanci Éropa Wétan|EET]] |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = [[Wanci Usum Panas Éropa Wétan|EEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +3 |drives_on = Tengen |cctld = [[.md]] |calling_code = 373 }} '''Républik Moldova''' ({{lang-ro|Republica Moldova}}) mangrupa [[nagara]] nu aya di antara [[Rumania]] jeung [[Ukraina]], di [[Éropa Wétan]]. Moldova teu miboga aksés ka [[laut]]. Dina jaman baheula, Moldova mangrupa bagian ti [[Dacia]], nu labuh ka kawasa [[Romawi]]. Kalobaannana ti wewengkon Moldova mangrupa bagian ti [[Kapangéranan Moldavia]] dina abad patengahan. Bagian wétan kapangéranan ieu teras dianéksasi ku [[Kakaisaran Rusia]] dina taun [[1812]] jeung wewengkon ieu kawanoh minangka [[Bessarabia]]. Nalika pambubaran Kakaisaran Rusia taun 1917, [[Républik Démokratik Moldavia]] diwangun, nu saterasna ngagabung jeung [[Romania Raya]] dina taun [[1918]]. Dina taun [[1940]], Bessarabia [[pangawasaan Soviét di Bessarabia jeung Bukovina Kalér|dikawasaan]] ku [[Uni Soviét]], jeung dibagi antara [[Républik Sosialis Soviét Ukraina]] jeung [[Républik Sosialis Soviét Moldova]]. Kalawan labuhna Soviét taun [[1991]], Moldova ngadéklarasikeun kamerdékaanna. Nagara ieu mangrupa nagara démokrasi parleménter, kalawan présidén salaku pupuhu nagara jeung perdana menteri salaku pupuhu pamaréntahan. Moldova mangrupa anggota PBB, [[World Trade Organization|WTO]], [[Organisasi Pikeun Kaamanan jeung Sabilulungan di Éropa|OSCE]], [[GUAM]], [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]], [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation|BSEC]], jeung organisasi internasional lianna. Moldova ayeuna ngusahakeun sangakan ngagabung ka [[Uni Éropa]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.moldpres.md/default.asp?Lang=en&ID=68715|title= Moldova will prove that it can and has chances to become EU member,|publisher= Moldpress News Agency|date= June 19, 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193244/http://www.moldpres.md/default.asp?Lang=en |date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://social.moldova.org/news/40-eng.html|title= Moldova-EU Action Plan Approved by European Commission|publisher= moldova.org|date= 14 December 2004|accessdate= 2 Juli 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113175537/http://social.moldova.org/news/40-eng.html |date=13 January 2009 }}</ref> Kira-kira ¼ padumuk Moldova masih hirup kalawan pangasilan kirang ti $2 per poé.<ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf Human development indices] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520061654/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf |date=2020-05-20 }}</ref> == Sajarah == {{utama|Sajarah Moldova}} [[Gambar:Humorstefan.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ştefan III ti Moldavia]], pangéran [[Kapangéranan Moldavia|Moldavia]] antara taun 1457 nepi ka 1504.]] Dina jaman [[Néolitik]], wewengkon Moldova mangrupa puseur [[paradaban Cucuteni-Trypillia]]. Paradaban nu lumangsung ti taun 5500 nepi ka 2750 SM ieu geus nyaho [[tatanén]], [[ingon]], [[pamoroan]], jeung [[gagarabah]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Constantinescu | first = Bogdan | authorlink = http://www.ad-astra.ro/whoswho/view_profile.php?user_id=1210%E2%8C%A9=ro | last2 = Bugoi | first2 = Roxana | author2-link = http://www.nipne.ro/research/publications/publications03-07.php?user=131 | last3 = Pantos | first3 = Emmanuel | last4 = Popovici | first4 = Dragomir | title = Phase and chemical composition analysis of pigments used in Cucuteni Neolithic painted ceramics | journal = Documenta Praehistorica | volume = XXXIV | pages = 281–288 | publisher = Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana | location = Ljubljana | date = 2007 | url = http://193.2.104.55/documenta/pdf34/DPConstantinescu34.pdf | issn = 1408-967X | oclc = 41553667 | accessdate = 29 November 2009 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110514095641/http://193.2.104.55/documenta/pdf34/DPConstantinescu34.pdf | archivedate = 14 May 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514095641/http://193.2.104.55/documenta/pdf34/DPConstantinescu34.pdf |date=14 May 2011 }}</ref> Dina [[éra klasik]], [[bangsa Dacia]] nyicingan wewengkon Moldova. Antara [[abad ka-1]] nepi ka [[abad ka-7]], wewengkon ieu dikawasa ku [[Kakaisaran Romawi]]. Lantaran aya dina rute antara [[Asia]] jeung [[Éropa]], wewengkon Moldova modérn ditarajang turut-tumurut ku séé [[Goth]], [[Hun]], [[Avar]], [[Magyar]], [[Pecheneg]], [[Cuman]], jeung [[Mongol]]. Dina taun [[1359]], [[Kapangéranan Moldavia]] diwangun. Kapangéranan ieu minangka ''[[tributary]]'' [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]] kalawan hak otonomi internal taun [[1538]]. Liwat [[Traktat Bukares 1812]], Utsmaniyah masihan wewengkon wétan Moldavia (katelah minangka [[Bessarabia]]) ka [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]]. Bagian kulon Moldavia (nu sanés wewengkon Moldova modérn) tetep minangka kapangéranan otonom, jeung dina taun [[1859]] bareng jeung [[Wallachia]] ngawangun [[Karajaan Romania]]. Sanggeus [[Révolusi Rusia 1917]], [[Républik Démokratik Moldavia]] diproklamasikeun. Salajengna, républik ieu ngahiji jeung [[Romania Raya]] taun [[1918]]. Dina [[28 Juni]] [[1940]], basa [[Perang Dunya II]], Romania narima [[ultimatum Soviét Juni 1940|ultimatum ti Uni Soviét]].<ref name="ultimatum">{{cite book|url=http://www.unibuc.ro/eBooks/istorie/istorie1918-1940/13-4.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113170140/http://www.unibuc.ro/eBooks/istorie/istorie1918-1940/13-4.htm|archivedate=2007-11-13|title=Istoria Românilor între anii 1918-1940|author=Ioan Scurtu, Theodora Stănescu-Stanciu, Georgiana Margareta Scurtu|language=Romanian|publisher=University of Bucharest|year=2002|accessdate=2011-10-28}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113170140/http://www.unibuc.ro/eBooks/istorie/istorie1918-1940/13-4.htm |date=2007-11-13 }}</ref> Romania kapaksa [[Panjajahan Soviét di Bessarabia jeung Bukovina Kalér|masihan]] [[Bessarabia]] jeung [[Bukovina Kalér]] ka Soviét pikeun nyingkahan perang.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nagy-Talavera|first=Nicolas M.|title=Green Shirts and Others: a History of Fascism in Hungary and Romania|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_817918515|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|year=1970|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_817918515/page/305 305]}}</ref> Ku Soviét, wewengkon éta teras dibagi antara [[Républik Sosialis Soviét Ukraina]] jeung [[Républik Sosialis Soviét Moldova]]. Dina taun [[1991]], Uni Soviét éléh, jeung Moldova ngadéklarasikeun kamerdékaanna dina [[27 Agustus]] [[1991]]. Dina Séptémber [[1990]], pamaréntahan séparatis diwangun di [[Transnistria]] (wewengkon Moldova). Sanggeus [[Perang Transnistria|perang taun [[1992]]]], Transnistria sacara ''de facto'' merdéka, tapi euweuh anggota PBB nu ngakuan kamerdékaanna. == Politik jeung pamaréntahan == [[Gambar:Parlament_Building_Moldova.jpg|thumb|left|[[Parlemén Moldova]].]] Moldova ngalaksanakeun pamaréntahan républik [[parleménter]] nu [[démokratis]] jeung [[démokrasi répréséntatif|répréséntatif]]. [[Konstitusi Moldova (1994)|Konstitusi Moldova 1994]] ngatur lumangsungna pamaréntahan.<ref name='const'>Parliament of the Republic of Moldova. [http://xiv.parlament.md/en/legalfoundation/constitution/t1/ The Constitution of the Republic of Moldova] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501153715/http://xiv.parlament.md/en/legalfoundation/constitution/t1/ |date=2008-05-01 }} 2000. Diakses pada 11-14, 2007.</ref> Badan législatif Moldova nyaéta [[Parlemén Moldova]] (''{{lang|ro|Parlament}}''), nu miboga 101 korsi jeung anggotana dipilih saban opat taun. Pupuhu nagara Moldova nyaéta [[présidén Moldova|présidén]], nu dipilih ku parlemén. Présidén bisa nunjuk [[perdana menteri Moldova|perdana menteri]] nu kagungan tugas salaku pupuhu pamaréntahan jeung bisa nunjuk kabinét. Institusi yudikatif dilaksanakeun ku [[Pangadilan Konstitusional Moldova]]. === Hubungan luar nagri === Sanggeus miboga kamerdékaanna, Moldova mimiti muka hubungan jeung nagara-nagara Éropa. Moldova ngagabung ka [[Déwan Éropa]], [[PBB]], [[OSCE]], [[North Atlantic Cooperation Council|NACC]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]], [[IMF]], [[Bank Dunya]], [[Francophonie]], jeung ''[[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]]''. Moldova ogé ngusahakeun néang paréngséan rapih dina konflik di [[Transnistria]] kalawan ménta bantosan médiasi internasional. == Géografi == [[Gambar:Dniester in Moldova, 2004.jpg|thumb|left|Pamandangan lebak [[Dniester]]]] Moldova mangrupa nagara nu aya di [[Éropa Wétan]]. Posisi Moldova aya dina koordinat 45°28' - 48°28' kalér jeung 26°40' - 30°06' wétan.<ref name="allmoldova"/> Luas nagara Moldova nyaéta 33.843&nbsp;km², kalawan luas wewengkon daratan kira-kira 33.371&nbsp;km² jeung luas caina 472&nbsp;km².<ref name="allmoldova">[http://www.allmoldova.com/en/moldova/info/geography.html Moldova’s geography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116083540/http://allmoldova.com/en/moldova/info/geography.html |date=2010-01-16 }}, allmoldova.com</ref> Kalobaannana ti wewengkon Moldova aya di antara dua walungan, nyaéta [[Walungan Dniester]] jeung [[Walungan Prut|Prut]]. Wates kulon Moldova diwangun ku walungan Prut, samentara walungan utama di wétan nyaéta Dniester nu ngalir ti kalér ka kidul. Nagri ieu teu boga aksés ka laut sanajan aya di deukeut [[Laut Hideung]]. Kalobaannana ti wewengkon Moldova loba papasiran, tapi kaluhuran teu pernah leuwih ti {{convert|430|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. Puncak pangluhurna di Moldova nyaéta [[Dealul Bălăneşti|Pasir Bălăneşti]]. Papasiran di Moldova mangrupa bagian ti Dataran Luhur Moldavia, nu sacara géologis asalna téh ti [[Pagunungan Carpathia]]. Di kidul Moldova aya dataran handap nu disebut [[dataran handap Bugeac|dataran Bugeac]]. Moldova miboga 745 rupa taneuh, jeung 75% di antarana ''[[chernozem]]'', 10% taneuh leuweung soklat jeung kulawu, 7% taneuh dataran caah jeung padang jukut, sarta 8% mangrupa rupa taneuh nu séjén.<ref name="allmoldova"/> 53% taneuh Moldova dipaké pikeun ngawuluju taneuh, 14% pikeun tatanén gandum, 13% pikeun ladang [[pastura]], 9% leuweung jeung 11% sésana pikeun kagunaan kagunaan lian.<ref name="allmoldova"/> Végétasi utama Moldova nyaéta [[stépa leuweung]], nu diwangun ti tegal jeung leuweung.<ref>[http://www.biotica-moldova.org/ECO-NET/part6-2-2.htm Concept of National Ecological Network of the Republic of Moldova] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123031541/http://www.biotica-moldova.org/ECO-NET/part6-2-2.htm |date=2015-11-23 }}</ref> Dina abad ka-19, wewengkon leuweung Moldova ngirang drastis lantaran dikonvérsi kana lahan tatanén. Di Moldova aya kira-kira 2.300 rupa [[tutuwuhan]], 68 rupa [[mamalia]], 270 rupa [[manuk]] jeung kira-kira 10.000 rupa [[invértébrata]]. Moldova miboga lahan tatanén nu alus, tapi ngan miboga saeutik sumber daya mineral.<ref>{{cite news |first = Ina |last = Dimireva |author = |coauthors = |url = http://www.eubusiness.com/europe/moldova/econ |title = Moldova: Economy Overview |work = |publisher = EUbusiness |pages = |page = |date = 8 Maret 2008 |accessdate = 3 Juni 2008 |quote = }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712062606/http://www.eubusiness.com/europe/moldova/econ |date=2010-07-12 }}</ref> Sumber daya alam Moldova mangrupa material wangunan, bahan atah semén, kaca, jeung beusi. Di nagara ieu aya ogé saeutik lahan minyak jeung gas.<ref name="allmoldova"/> == Babagian administratif == [[Gambar:moldadm.png|thumb|350px|Babagian administratif Moldova.]] Moldova kabagi kana 32 distrik (''raionul''), tiga munisipalitas ([[Bălţi]], [[Kishinev]], [[Bender, Moldova|Bender]]) jeung dua wewengkon otonom ([[Gagauzia]] jeung [[Transnistria]]). Aya 65 kota jeung 917 komune di Moldova. Di handap ieu nyaéta daptar distrik di Moldova: {| | * [[Raionul Anenii Noi|Anenii Noi]] * [[Raionul Basarabeasca|Basarabeasca]] * [[Raionul Briceni|Briceni]] * [[Raionul Cahul|Cahul]] * [[Raionul Cantemir|Cantemir]] * [[Raionul Călăraşi|Călăraşi]] * [[Raionul Căuşeni|Căuşeni]] * [[Raionul Cimişlia|Cimişlia]] * [[Raionul Criuleni|Criuleni]] * [[Raionul Donduşeni|Donduşeni]] * [[Raionul Drochia|Drochia]] * [[Raionul Dubăsari|Dubăsari]] * [[Raionul Edineţ|Edineţ]] * [[Raionul Făleşti|Făleşti]] * [[Raionul Floreşti|Floreşti]] * [[Raionul Glodeni|Glodeni]] | * [[Raionul Hînceşti|Hînceşti]] * [[Raionul Ialoveni|Ialoveni]] * [[Raionul Leova|Leova]] * [[Raionul Nisporeni|Nisporeni]] * [[Raionul Ocniţa|Ocniţa]] * [[Raionul Orhei|Orhei]] * [[Raionul Rezina|Rezina]] * [[Raionul Rîşcani|Rîşcani]] * [[Raionul Sîngerei|Sîngerei]] * [[Raionul Soroca|Soroca]] * [[Raionul Străşeni|Străşeni]] * [[Raionul Şoldăneşti|Şoldăneşti]] * [[Raionul Ştefan Vodă|Ştefan Vodă]] * [[Raionul Taraclia|Taraclia]] * [[Raionul Teleneşti|Teleneşti]] * [[Raionul Ungheni|Ungheni]] |} Status ahir Transnistria masih dipaséaan sabab pamaréntah puseur heunteu ngawasaan wewengkon éta. {{Raionul Moldova}} == Ékonomi == {{utama|Ékonomi Moldova}} [[Gambar:MD 1 leu av.jpg|thumb|right|[[Leu Moldova]].]] Kalawan [[PDB per kapita]] ([[purchasing power parity|PPP]]) $2.842,<ref name=imf2/> Moldova mangrupa nagara nu pangmiskinna di [[Éropa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/public/story_page/030-53410-103-04-16-903-20090403STO53395-2009-13-04-2009/default_en.htm |title=Europe's poorest country Moldova holds election |publisher=Europarl.europa.eu |date=2009-04-13 |accessdate=2009-10-07 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821144842/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/public/story_page/030-53410-103-04-16-903-20090403STO53395-2009-13-04-2009/default_en.htm |date=2009-08-21 }}</ref> Moldova teu miboga sumber daya mineral nu gedé, janten ékonomina ngagantung kana [[agrikultur]]. Taneuh nu subur jeung iklim nu sedeng ngajadikeun Moldova salaku panyuplai utama produk agrikultur di Éropa Tenggara. Nagara ieu katelah kana ''[[wine]]''-na. Moldova miboga lahan anggur saluas 147.000 [[héktar]]. Nagri ieu kedah ngimpor [[minyak bumi]], [[batu bara]], jeung [[gas alam]] pikeun minuhan kabutuhan énerginya. Kalobaannana ti sumber daya diimpor ti [[Rusia]]. Moldova masih ngusahakeun néangan invéstor dina widang énergi.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.inogate.org|title= INOGATE website}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118080914/http://www.inogate.org/ |date=2019-11-18 }}</ref> Di Moldova, aya jalur karéta api sapanjang {{convert|1138|km|mi|abbr=on}} jeung jalan bébas sapanjang {{convert|12730|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=s}}. Jalan asup utama ka Moldova liwat udara nyaéta [[Bandar Udara Internasional Kishinev]]. == Démografi == [[Gambar:Harta etnica a Republicii Moldova - 2004.jpg|thumb|350|Komposisi étno-linguistik Moldova taun 2004]] Dumasar kana sénsus taun 2004,<ref name="2004census">{{Ro}} [http://www.statistica.md/recensamint.php?lang=ro National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118142423/http://www.statistica.md/recensamint.php?lang=ro |date=2008-11-18 }}</ref> Moldova dikira-kira miboga populasi 3.938.679 jiwa (kaasup Transnistria jeung Bender). 69.62% ti padumuk Moldova mangrupa [[bangsa Moldova]]. Étnis lian di Moldova nyaéta [[bangsa Ukraina|Ukraina]] (11.23%), [[bangsa Rusia|Rusia]] (9.39%), [[Gagauz]] (3.85%), [[bangsa Romania|Romania]] (1.87%), [[bangsa Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] (2.02%), [[urang Rom|Rom]] (0.32%), [[Yahudi]] (0.12%)<ref>Jewish Virtual Library: "[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/moldova.html Moldova] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051103012648/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/moldova.html |date=2005-11-03 }}".</ref>, [[bangsa Polandia|Polandia]] (0.11%), jeung sababaraha grup étnis lianna (1.46%). Konstitusi Moldova nyebutkeun yén basa resmi Républik Moldova nyaéta [[basa Moldova]], jeung panulisanna dumasar kana [[aksara Latin]],<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web|url= http://xiv.parlament.md/en/legalfoundation/constitution/t1/|title= Article 13, line 1 - of Constitution of Republic of Moldova}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501153715/http://xiv.parlament.md/en/legalfoundation/constitution/t1/ |date=2008-05-01 }}</ref> samentara déklarasi kamerdékaan Moldova nyebutkeun yén basa resmi Moldova nyaéta [[basa Romania]].<ref>{{Ro}} [http://www.moldova-suverana.md/index.php?start_from=&ucat=7&subaction=showfull&id=1156426235&archive=1156767681& Declaraţia de independenţa a Republicii Moldova] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205095219/http://www.moldova-suverana.md/index.php?start_from=&ucat=7&subaction=showfull&id=1156426235&archive=1156767681& |date=2008-02-05 }}, [[Moldova Suverană]]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070224120109/http://ec.europa.eu/translation/language_aids/recognition/field_guide_main_languages_of_europe_en.pdf A Field Guide to the Main Languages of Europe - Spot that language and how to tell them apart], on the website of the [[European Commission]]</ref> Aya kontrovérsi ngeunaan idéntitas étnis Moldova. Sababaraha ahli satuju yén basa Moldova jeung Romania mangrupa basa nu sarua. Pamikiran ieu ogé diageman ku sababaraha politikus Moldova.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realitatea.net/marian-lupu--romana-si-moldoveneasca-sunt-aceeasi-limba_288666.html |title=Marian Lupu: Româna şi moldoveneasca sunt aceeaşi limbă |publisher=Realitatea .NET |date= |accessdate=2009-10-07 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222141515/http://www.realitatea.net/marian-lupu--romana-si-moldoveneasca-sunt-aceeasi-limba_288666.html |date=2015-12-22 }}</ref> Dina 29 Séptémber 2009, Perdana Menteri Moldova [[Vlad Filat]] janten pamingpin Moldova kahiji nu sacara kabuka nyebatkeun yén basana nyaéta "basa Romania.<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/Moldovan_Premier_Wants_Clear_EU_Perspective_Financial_Aid/1839909.html In Brussels on September 29, Filat became the first Moldovan leader in a decade to publicly announce abroad that his language is "Romanian"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909074401/http://www.rferl.org/content/Moldovan_Premier_Wants_Clear_EU_Perspective_Financial_Aid/1839909.html |date=2010-09-09 }}</ref> [[Basa Rusia]] diberé status "basa pikeun komunikasi antarétnis" di Moldova. Dina praktikna, basa ieu sacara luas digunakeun dina masarakat jeung pamaréntahan.<ref name="conceptia">{{Ro}} "[https://web.archive.org/web/20040520102307/http://www.parlament.md/download/laws/ro/546-XV-19.12.2003.doc Concepţia politicii naţionale a Republicii Moldova]" [[Parlemen Moldova]]</ref> [[Basa Gagauz]] jeung [[basa Ukraina|Ukraina]] miboga jumlah panyatur nu lumayan loba. Agama nu loba diageman di Moldova nyaéta [[Garéja Ortodoks Wétan|Ortodoks Wétan]] (93.3%). 2% populasi Moldova ngageman agama [[Protéstan]], 1.2% agama lian, 0.9% [[iréligius]] jeung 0.4% [[atéis]].<ref name="2004census"/> == Budaya == {{utama|Budaya Moldova}} [[Gambar:Stamp of Moldova 221.gif|thumb|upright|Hiji perangko Moldova.]] Budaya Moldova mangrupa campuran ti [[budaya Romania]] jeung [[budaya Soviét|Soviét]]. Idéntitas budaya Romania sorangan kawangun ti pangaruh budaya [[Romawi]] jeung [[Dacia]], dibeungharan ku pangaruh budaya [[Slavia]] dina abad patengahan.<ref name=influences>{{cite book|title=Romania: Borderland of Europe|url=https://archive.org/details/romaniaborderlan0000boia|author=Lucian Boia, James Christian Brown|publisher=Reaktion Books|year=2001|isbn=9781861891037|pages=[https://archive.org/details/romaniaborderlan0000boia/page/13 13], 36–40}}</ref> Figur penting dina kamekaran budaya Moldova nyaéta [[Varlaam]], [[Dosoftei]], [[Grigore Ureche]], [[Miron Costin]], [[Petru Movilă]], [[Nicolae Milescu|Nicolae Milescu-Spãtaru]], [[Dimitrie Cantemir]], [[Ion Neculce]], [[Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni]], [[Alexandru Hîjdău]], [[Alexandru Donici]], [[Constantin Stamati]], [[Costache Negruzzi]], [[Bogdan P. Hasdeu]], [[Ion Creangă]], jeung [[Mihai Eminescu]]. == Tempo ogé == * [[Daptar nagara]] * [[Uni Soviét]] == Catetan suku == {{reflist|2}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{sisterlinks|Moldova}} * {{en}} [http://www.moldova.md/en/start/ Loka resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201104525/http://www.moldova.md/en/start/ |date=2008-02-01 }} * {{en}} [http://gov.gov.md/en/start/ Loka resmi pamaréntahan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223083347/http://gov.gov.md/en/start/ |date=2009-12-23 }} * {{en}} [http://www.parlament.md/en.html Loka resmi parlemén] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218163523/http://www.parlament.md/en.html |date=2008-12-18 }} * {{en}} {{CIA World Factbook link|md|Moldova}} {{wikivoyage|Moldova}} [[Kategori:Moldova| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Éropa Wétan]] reg6c2y7painv95xwv23wowhzfjtu5d Romania 0 34276 729280 711537 2026-09-26T22:02:57Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = ''România'' |conventional_long_name = Romania |common_name = Romania |image_flag = Flag of Romania.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Romania.svg |image_map = EU-Romania.svg |map_caption = {{map_caption |location_color=héjo |region=[[Éropa]] |region_color=kulawu kolot |subregion=[[Uni Éropa]] |subregion_color=héjo ngora |legend=EU-Romania.svg}} |national_anthem = <span style="line-height:1.25em;">''[[Deşteaptă-te, române!]]''</span> |official_languages = [[Basa Romania|Romania]] |ethnic_groups = 89.5% Romania, 6.6% [[Hungaria]], 2.5% [[Urang Rom|Rom]], 1.4% grup minoritas lianna |government_type = Républik kahijian semi-présidénsial |capital = [[Bukares]]&nbsp;(''Bucureşti'') |latd = 44 |latm = 25 |latNS = N |longd = 26 |longm = 06 |longEW = E |largest_city = Bukares |leader_title1 = [[Présidén Romania|Présidén]] |leader_title2 = [[Perdana Menteri Romania|Perdana Menteri]] |leader_name1 = [[:ro:Klaus Iohannis|Klaus Iohannis]] |leader_name2 = [[:ro:Nicolae Ciuca|Nicolae Ciuca]] |area_rank = 82 |area_magnitude = 1_E+11 |area = 238.391 |areami² = 92.043 |percent_water = 3 |population_estimate_year = 2021 |population_estimate = {{Nts|19186201}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/poprez_ian2021r.pdf|title=Populația rezidentă la 1 Ianuarie 2021|language=ro|trans-title=The usually resident population on 1 January 2021|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|National Institute of Statistics]]|website=Insse.ro|access-date=3 December 2021}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072541/https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/poprez_ian2021r.pdf |date=14 November 2021 }}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = 61 |population_census_year = 2021 |population_census = 20,121,641<ref name="CensusRef" /> |population_density_km2 = 80.4 |population_density_sq_mi = 218.6 |population_density_rank = 136 |GDP_PPP_year = 2008 |GDP_PPP = $653.903&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEORO"/> |GDP_PPP_rank = 36 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $33,833<ref name="IMFWEORO"/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 44 |GDP_nominal = $289.130&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEORO">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2021 Edition |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=3 December 2021 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407050829/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April |date=7 April 2021 }}</ref> |GDP_nominal_rank = 46 |GDP_nominal_year = 2021 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $14,968<ref name="IMFWEORO" /> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 56t |HDI_year = 2019 |HDI = {{increase}} 0.828 |HDI_rank = 63 |HDI_category = <span style="color:green;">luhur</span> |Gini = 33.8 |Gini_year = 2020 |Gini_rank = 21 |Gini_category = <span style="color:#090;">handap</span> |legislature = [[Parlemén Romania|Parlemén]] |upper_house = [[Sénat Romania|Sénat]] |established_event1 = [[Transilvania]] |established_date1 = Abad ka-10 |established_event2 = [[Wallachia]] |established_date2 = 1290 |established_event3 = [[Moldavia]] |established_date3 = 1346 |established_event4 = [[Mihai Viteazul|Unifikasi kahiji]] |established_date4 = 1599 |established_event5 = Réunifikasi [[Alexander Ioan Cuza|Wallachia jeung Moldavia]] |established_date5 = 24 Januari 1859 |established_event6 = Pangakuan kamerdékaan ti [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]] |established_date6 = 13 Juli 1878 |established_event7 = Unifikasi sareng Transilvania |established_date7 = 1 Désémber 1918 |accessionEUdate = 1 Januari 2007 |currency = [[Leu Romania|Leu]] (L) |currency_code = RON |time_zone = [[Wanci Éropa Wétan|EET]] |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = [[Wanci Usum Panas Éropa Wétan|EEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +3 |drives_on = tengen |cctld = [[.ro]] [[.eu]] |calling_code = 40 |footnotes = }} '''Romania''' (ogé diéja '''Rumania''' atawa '''Roumania'''; {{lang-ro|România}}) nyaéta nagara nu aya di [[Éropa Tenggara]], di bagian kalér [[Samenanjung Balkan]] jeung tepung wates sareng [[Laut Hideung]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nato.int/invitees2004/romania/glance.htm|title=North Atlantic Treaty Organization|publisher=NATO|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525123235/http://www.nato.int/invitees2004/romania/glance.htm |date=2017-05-25 }}</ref> Méh sakabéh [[délta Donau|délta walungan Donau]] aya di wewengkon Romania. Nagara ieu tepung wates sareng [[Hungaria]] jeung [[Sérbia]] di kulon, [[Ukraina]] jeung [[Moldova]] di wétan-kalér, jeung [[Bulgaria]] di kidul. Sajarah nyatetan yén [[bangsa Dacia]], [[Kakaisaran Romawi]], [[Kakaisaran Bulgaria]], [[Karajaan Hungaria]], jeung [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]] pernah ngawasaan wewengkon ieu. Salaku hiji nagara, Romania diwangun dina taun 1859 ti panghijian wewengkon [[Moldavia]] jeung [[Wallachia]], nu miboga pangakuan internasional dina taun 1878. Dina taun 1918, [[Transilvania]], [[Bukovina]], jeung [[Bessarabia]] ngadéklarasikeun ngagabung sareng Romania. Dina ahir [[Perang Dunya II]], [[Uni Soviét]] ngawasaan sabagian daérahna (kira-kira ngawengku sakabéh daérah [[Moldova]] ayeuna) jeung Romania minangka anggota [[Pakta Warsawa]]. Kalawan labuhna [[Tirai Beusi]] dina taun [[Révolusi Romania 1989|1989]], Romania ngamimitian réformasi politik jeung ékonomi. Dina ngalawan masalah ékonomi pasca-révolusi, nagara ieu maké pajak handap dina taun 2005 jeung ngagabung ka [[Uni Éropa]] dina 1 Januari 2007. Sanajan tingkat pamasukan Romania kaasup salah sahiji nu panghandapna di Uni Éropa, réformasi geus ningkatkeun kamekaran ékonomina. Romania kiwari kaasup nagara nu miboga pamasukan nengah ka luhur. Romania mangrupa nagara kalawan téritori nu pangluasna ka-9 jeung jumlah padumuk nu panggedéna ka-7 di Uni Éropa.<ref name=population>{{Citeweb|publisher=Romanian National Institute of Statistics|title=Romanian Statistical Yearbook|year=2007|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/en/cp2.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref> Ibu kota jeung kota nu panggedéna nyaéta kota [[Bukares]] ({{lang-ro|Bucureşti}}), nu ogé mangrupa kota nu panggedéna ka-6 di Uni Éropa. [[Sibiu]], hiji kota di Transilvania, dina taun 2007 kapilih minangka [[Ibu kota Kabudayaan Éropa]].<ref>{{citeweb|publisher=The Selection Panel for the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) 2007|title=Report on the Nominations from Luxembourg and Romania for the European Capital of Culture 2007|date=2004-04-05|url=http://ec.europa.eu/culture/pdf/doc670_en.pdf|format=pdf|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Romania gabung ka [[NATO]] dina kaping 29 Maret 2004, jeung ogé mangrupa anggota ti [[Uni Latin]], [[Francophonie]], [[OSCE]], jeung [[Komunitas Nagara-nagara pamaké basa Portugis|CPLP]]. Nagara ieu méangrupakeun nagara kahijian semi-présidénsial. == Sajarah == === Sajarah awal === Sésa-sésa manusa modérn nu pangkolotna di Éropa geus dipanggih di "[[Peştera cu Oase]]", Romania.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Trinkaus|first =E.|title=Early Modern Human Cranial remains from the Peştera cu Oase|journal =Journal of Human Evolution|volume=45|pages=245–253|year=2003| accessdate=2008-01-10|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.08.003}}</ref> Titiinggalan éta kira-kira umurna 42.000 taun, jeung meureunan téh sésa-sésa ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' awal nu asup ka buana Éropa,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zilhão|first=João|title=Neanderthals and Moderns Mixed and It Matters|journal=Evolutionary Anthropology|volume =15|pages=183–195|date=|year=2006|accessdate=2008-01-10|doi=10.1002/evan.20110}}</ref> tapi bukti tinulis kahiji ngeunaan manusa nu ngadumuk di wewengkon Romania asalna ti [[Herodotus]], nu dina bukuna [[Historia (Herodotus)|Historia]] volume IV dina taun 440 SM nulis ngeunaan kaayaan séké-séké [[Getae]].<ref>{{Cite book|last =Herodotus|author-link =Herodotus|translation =William Beloe|title =The Ancient History of Herodotus By Herodotus|digitized =Google Book Search|pages =213–217|publisher =Derby & Jackson|year =1859|url =http://books.google.com/books?id=sfHsgNIZum0C&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=herodotus+dacians+darius&source=web&ots=G4uX7Mnsqb&sig=kYPtXH157JEzuk7V618EreDadqY&hl=en|accessdate =2008-01-10}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211091917/https://books.google.com/books?id=sfHsgNIZum0C&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=herodotus+dacians+darius&source=web&ots=G4uX7Mnsqb&sig=kYPtXH157JEzuk7V618EreDadqY&hl=en |date=2023-02-11 }}</ref> [[Bangsa Dacia]], nu dianggap bagian ti Getae, mangrupa cabang ti bangsa [[Trakia]] nu nyicingan wewengkon [[Dacia]] (aya di Romania modérn, [[Moldova]], jeung [[Bulgaria]] kalér). Karajaan Dacia miboga puncak kajayaanna dina jaman Raja [[Burebista]] kira-kira taun 82 SM. Sanggeus Dacia narajang propinsi [[Moesia]] [[Romawi]] dina taun 87, Kaisar [[Trajan]]us ngayakeun [[Perang Dacia]] nu réngsé kalawan meunangna bangsa Romawi taun 106. Akibat kameunangan éta, Dacia robah kana propinsi [[Dacia Romawi]].<ref>{{Citeweb|title =Assorted Imperial Battle Descriptions|publisher =De Imperatoribus Romanis, An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors|url =http://www.roman-emperors.org/assobd.htm#s-inx|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> Lobana bijih beusi, emas, jeung pérak nu dipanggih di propinsi éta<ref>{{citeweb|title=Dacia-Province of the Roman Empire|publisher =United Nations of Roma Victor|url =http://www.unrv.com/provinces/dacia.php|text="and were found in great quantities in the [[Western Carpathians]]. After Trajan's conquest, he brought back to Rome over 165 tons of gold and 330 tons of silver"|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> ngakibatkeun bangsa Romawi ngalaksanakeun kolonisasi kana wewengkon Dacia.<ref>{{citebook|last=Deletant|first=Dennis|title=Colloquial Romanian|publisher=Routledge|year=1995|location=New York|pages =1|isbn=9780415129008}}</ref> Prosés kolonisasi mawa sarta basa [[Latin Vulgar]] nu nyababkeun dimimitianna période romanisasi, nu salajengna bakal ngahasilkeun basa proto-[[basa Romania|Romania]].<ref>{{citebook|last=Matley|first=Ian| title=Romania; a Profile |publisher=Praeger|year=1970|pages=85}}</ref><ref>{{citebook|last=Giurescu|first=Constantin C.|title=The Making of the Romanian People and Language|publisher=Meridiane Publishing House|year=1972|location=Bucharest|pages=43, 98–101,141}}</ref> Dina abad ka-3 séké-séké pangumbara kawas bangsa [[Goth]] loba ngalaksanakeun invasi, jadina maksa bangsa Romawi kira-kira taun 271 mundur ti Dacia, jeung nyieunanna propinsi kahiji nu ditinggalkeun ku Romawi.<ref>{{citebook|last=Eutropius|authorlink=Eutropius|coauthors=Justin, Cornelius Nepos|title=Eutropius, Abridgment of Roman History|publisher=George Bell and Sons|year=1886|location=London|url=http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/eutropius_breviarium_2_text.htm|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220200338/http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/eutropius_breviarium_2_text.htm |date=2009-02-20 }}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|last=Watkins|first=Thayer|title=The Economic History of the Western Roman Empire|url=http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/barbarians.htm|quote="The Emperor Aurelian recognized the realities of the military situation in Dacia and around 271 A.D. withdrew Roman troops from Dacia leaving it to the Goths. The Danube once again became the northern frontier of the Roman Empire in eastern Europe"|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> === Abad patengahan === [[Image:Bran Castle.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Istana Bran]] diwangun dina taun 1212, jeung leuwih katelah minangka ''Istana Drakula'']] Sanggeus Romawi ninggalkeun Dacia, wewengkon éta, sacara tumurut, ditarajang ku séké [[Goth]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Jordanes|authorlink=Jordanes|title=Getica, sive, De Origine Actibusque Gothorum|year=551 A.D.|location=Constantinople|url=http://www.harbornet.com/folks/theedrich/Goths/Goths1.htm|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007203824/http://www.harbornet.com/folks/theedrich/Goths/Goths1.htm |date=2008-10-07 }}</ref> teras ku séké [[Hun]] dina abad ka-4,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Iliescu| first=Vl.|last2=Paschale| first2=Chronicon| title=Fontes Historiae Daco-Romanae|volume=II|pages=363, 587|place=Bucureşti|year=1970}}</ref> jeung dipipilu ku séké-séké nomaden nu séjén kawas séké [[Gepid]],<ref name=gepids/><ref>{{Cite web|first=István|last=Bóna|editor-last=Köpeczi|editor-first=Béla|title=History of Transylvania: II.3. The Kingdom of the Gepids|volume=1|publisher=Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences|distributor=[[Columbia University Press]]|location=New York|year=2001|url=http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/33.html|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206094220/http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/33.html |date=2008-12-06 }}</ref> [[Avar]],<ref>{{Cite web| first = István| last = Bóna| editor-last = Köpeczi| editor-first = Béla| title = History of Transylvania: II.4. The Period of the Avar Rule| volume = 1| publisher = Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences| distributor = Columbia University Press| location = New York| year = 2001| url = http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/41.html| accessdate = 2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210193756/http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/41.html |date=2008-12-10 }}</ref> [[Bulgar]],<ref name=gepids>{{cite book|last=Teodor|first=Dan Gh.|title=Istoria României de la începuturi până în secolul al VIII-lea|year =1995|location =Bucureşti|pages=294–325 |volume=2}}</ref> [[Pecheneg]],<ref>{{cite book| last =Constantine VII| first =Porphyrogenitus| authorlink =Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus| title =Constantine Porphyrogenitus De Administrando Imperio| date =| location =Constantinople| url =http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/texts/constp.html| accessdate =2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023071109/http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/texts/constp.html |date=2008-10-23 }}</ref> jeung [[Cuman]].<ref>{{Cite book|last =Xenopol|first =Alexandru D.|title =Histoire des Roumains|place=Paris|year =1896|volume =i|pages=168}}</ref> Bangsa Romania salajengna kabagi dina tilu wewengkon kapangéranan nu béda: [[Wallachia]] ({{lang-ro|Ţara Românească}}), [[Moldavia]] ({{lang-ro|Moldova}}), jeung [[Transilvania]]. Transilvania jadi bagian ti [[Karajaan Hongaria]] dina abad ka-11,<ref>{{Cite web|first = László|last = Makkai|editor-last = Köpeczi|editor-first = Béla|title = History of Transylvania: III. Transylvania in the Medieval Hungarian Kingdom (896–1526)|volume = 1|publisher = Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences|distributor = Columbia University Press|location = New York|year = 2001|url = http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/57.html|accessdate = 2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210193801/http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/57.html |date=2008-12-10 }}</ref> jeung miboga kamerdékaanna salaku [[Kapangéranan Transilvania]] ti abad ka-16<ref>{{Cite web|editor-last = Köpeczi|editor-first = Béla|title = History of Transylvania: IV. The First Period of the Principality of Transylvania (1526–1606)|volume = 1|publisher = Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences|distributor = Columbia University Press|location = New York|year = 2001|url = http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/97.html|accessdate = 2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210193819/http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/97.html |date=2008-12-10 }}</ref> nepi ka taun 1711.<ref>{{citebook|first = Ágnes R.|last = Várkonyi|editor-last = Köpeczi|editor-first = Béla|title = History of Transylvania: VI. The Last Decades of the Independent Principality (1660–1711)|volume = 2|publisher = Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences|distributor = Columbia University Press|place = New York|year = 2001|url = http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/221.html|accessdate = 2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430052120/http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/221.html |date=2008-04-30 }}</ref> Kapangéranan Romania lianna ngalawan ancaman [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]] dina abad ka-14.<ref>{{Cite book|last =Ştefănescu|first =Ştefan |title =Istoria medie a României|year =1991|location =Bucharest|volume =I|pages=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last =Predescu|first =Lucian |title =Enciclopedia Cugetarea|year =1940}}</ref> [[File:Mihai 1600.png|thumb|250px|left|Moldavia, Wallachia, jeung Transilvania dina ahir abad ka-16]] Dina taun 1541, sakabéh [[samenanjung Balkan]] jeung méh sakabéh [[Hongaria]] jadi bagian ti Kasultanan Utsmaniyah. Sabalikna, Moldavia, Wallachia, jeung Transilvania jadi bagian ti ''[[suzerainty]]'' Utsmaniyah, kalawan hak otonomi internal. Kapangéranan Wallachia, Moldavia, jeung Transilvania dipingpin ku pangéran Wallachia, [[Mihai Viteazul]], dina taun 1600. Mihai Vitéazul nyobian rék ngahijikeun tilu kapangéranan éta,<ref>{{cite journal|language =Romanian|last =Rezachevici|first =Constantin|title =Mihai Viteazul: itinerariul moldovean|year =2000|journal =Magazin istoric|issue =5|url =http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi2000/current5/mi5.htm|accessdate =2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231040/http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi2000/current5/mi5.htm |date=2007-09-26 }}</ref> tapi kasempetan unifikasi hancur ku sabab rajapati Mihai ku tentara Austria. Sanggeus pupusna, salaku nagara ''vassal'', Moldavia jeung Wallachia geus miboga otonomi internal pinuh, nu ahirna leungit dina abad ka-18. Dina taun 1699, Transilvania jadi daérah kakaisaran Austria sanggeus meunangna Austria ti Turki dina [[Perang Turki Raya]]. Austria ngalaksanakeun paluasan kakawasaan lianna ka wewengkon Wallachia jeung Moldavia, jeung [[Kakaisaran Rusia]] ngawasaan [[Bessarabia]] taun 1812. === Kamerdékaan jeung Monarki === [[Image:Romanians before WW1.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Wewengkon nu dicicingan bangsa Romania saméméh Perang Dunya I]] Dina période kakawasaan [[Austria-Hongaria]] di Transilvania, jeung ''suzerainty'' Utsmaniyah di Wallachia jeung Moldavia, status bangsa Romania nyaéta [[Supplex Libellus Valachorum|padumuk kelas dua]] (atawa malah sanés padumuk)<ref>{{citeweb|publisher =GenealogyRO Group|title =The Magyarization Process|url= http://www.genealogy.ro/cont/13.htm |accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> di wewengkon tempat bangsa aranjeunna jadi bangsa mayoritas.<ref>{{citebook |last =Kocsis |first =Karoly |last2 =Kocsis-Hodosi |first2 =Eszter |year =1999 |title =Ethnic structure of the population on the present territory of Transylvania (1880-1992) |url =http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/hmcb/Tab14.htm |accessdate =2008-08-31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222171134/http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/hmcb/Tab14.htm |date=2008-02-22 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kocsis |first =Karoly|last2 =Kocsis-Hodosi |first2 =Eszter|title =Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin|url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicgeographyo0000karo |year =2001|pages =[https://archive.org/details/ethnicgeographyo0000karo/page/102 102]|publisher =Simon Publications|isbn =193131375X}}</ref> Di sababraha kota di Transilvania, kawas [[Braşov]], bangsa Romania dilarang tinggal di jeroeun témbok kota.<ref>{{Cite book|last =Prodan|first =David |title =Supplex Libellus Valachorum= Or, The Politicle Struggle of Romanians in Transylvania During the 18th Century|publisher=Academy of Social Republic of Romania|year =1971|location =Bucharest}}</ref> Sanggeus gagalna [[Révolusi 1848]], nagara-nagara gedé teu ngadukung usaha unifikasi Romania, jadina aranjeunna kapaksa joang sorangan ngalawan Kasultanan Utsmaniyah. Éléktor di Moldavia jeung Wallachia milih [[Alexander John Cuza|Alexandru Ioan Cuza]] minangka pangéran (''[[Domnitor]]'' dina [[basa Romania]]) dina taun 1859.<ref>{{Cite book|last =Bobango|first =Gerald J|title =The emergence of the Romanian national State|url =https://archive.org/details/emergenceofroman0000boba|publisher =Boulder|year =1979|location =New York|isbn = 9780914710516}}</ref> Pamilihan Alexandru Ioan Cuza minangka ''domnitor'' hasil ngahijikeun Wallachia jeung Moldavia minangka Romania, tapi Transilvania masih encan kénéh kaasup kana wewengkon Romania. Di Transilvania, bangsa Hungaria aya di kelas luhur, jadina bangsa Romania ngamimitian palawanan ka Hongaria. Dina kudéta taun 1866, [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza|Cuza]] diasingkeun jeung digantikeun ku Pangéran Karl ti [[Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]], nu katelah minangka [[Pangéran Karol ti Romania]]. Dina [[Perang Rusia-Turki 1877-78]], Romania ngadukung Rusia,<ref>{{Citeweb|language|Russian|title =San Stefano Preliminary Treaty|year =1878|url =http://www.hist.msu.ru/ER/Etext/FOREIGN/stefano.htm|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> jeung dina [[Traktat Berlin 1878]], kamerdékaan Romania diakuan.<ref>{{Cite book|work=Internet Modern History Sourcebook|title=The Treaty of Berlin, 1878 - Excerpts on the Balkans|date=July 13, 1878|place=Berlin|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1878berlin.html|accessdate=2008-08-31|publisher=Fordham University}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608120300/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1878berlin.html |date=2008-06-08 }}</ref> Gagantina, Romania méré tilu distrik kidul di [[Bessarabia]] ka Rusia jeung meunangan wewengkon [[Dobrogea]]. Dina taun 1881, kapangéranan robah kana karajaan. Période 1878-1914 mangrupa période kastabilan jeung kamajuan pikeun Romania. Dina [[Perang Balkan Kadua]], Romania ngagabung jeung [[Yunani]], [[Sérbia]], [[Monténégro]], jeung [[Turki]] ngalawan [[Bulgaria]], jeung dina [[Traktat Bukares (1913)]], Romania miboga kakawasaan dina wewengkon [[Dobrogea Kidul]].<ref>{{Cite book|last =Anderson|first =Frank Maloy|last2 =Hershey|first2 =Amos Shartle|title =Handbook for the Diplomatic History of Europe, Asia, and Africa 1870-1914|url =https://archive.org/details/handbookfordipl00hersgoog|publisher =Government Printing Office|year =1918|location =Washington D.C.}}</ref> === Perang Dunya === Dina Agustus 1914, basa [[Perang Dunya I]], Romania ngumumkeun nétral. Dua taun saterasna, dina tekenan Sakutu (utamana Perancis nu hayang muka front anyar), dina 14/27 Agustus 1916, Romania gabung ka Sakutu jeung ngadéklarasikeun perang ka [[Austria-Hongaria]]. Lantaran kitu, liwat [[Traktat Bukares (1916)|konvénsi militér rahasia]], Sakutu jangji méré dukungan ka Romania dina usaha ngahijikeun sadaya rahayat Romania.<ref>{{Cite web|last =Horne|first =Charles F.|year =Horne|title =Ion Bratianu's Declaration of War Delivered to the Austrian Minister in Romania on August 28, 1916|volume =V|publisher =Source Records of the Great War|url =http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/romaniawardeclaration.htm|accessdate =2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207045455/http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/romaniawardeclaration.htm |date=2008-12-07 }}</ref> [[Kampanye Romania (Perang Dunya I)|Kampanye militér Romania]] ahir kalawan karusuhan pikeun Romania sabab [[Blok Séntral]] nalukkeun 2/3 téritori Romania dina wanci opat bulan, tapi [[Moldavia]] tetep aya dina kawasa Romania sanggeus invasi eureun dina taun 1917. Dina ahir perang, Austria-Hongaria jeung Kakaisaran Rusia ngalaman disintegrasi, jadina [[Bessarabia]], [[Bukovina]], jeung [[Transilvania]] ngadéklarasikeun panghijian jeung [[Karajaan Romania]]. [[File:Romania1941.png|thumb|right|250px]] Dina [[Perang Dunya Kadua]], Romania ngadéklarasikeun nétral deui, tapi dina 28 Juni 1940, Romania narima [[ultimatum Soviét Juni 1940|ultimatum ti Uni Soviét]].<ref name="ultimatum">{{cite book|url=http://www.unibuc.ro/eBooks/istorie/istorie1918-1940/13-4.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113170140/http://www.unibuc.ro/eBooks/istorie/istorie1918-1940/13-4.htm|archivedate=2007-11-13|title=Istoria Românilor între anii 1918-1940|author=Ioan Scurtu, Theodora Stănescu-Stanciu, Georgiana Margareta Scurtu|language=Romanian|publisher=University of Bucharest|year=2002|accessdate=2011-10-30}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113170140/http://www.unibuc.ro/eBooks/istorie/istorie1918-1940/13-4.htm |date=2007-11-13 }}</ref> Dina tekenan [[Mosow]] jeung [[Bérlin]], Romania kapaksa mundur ti [[Bessarabia]] jeung [[Bukovina Kalér]] pikeun nyingkahan perang.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nagy-Talavera|first=Nicolas M.|title=Green Shirts and Others: a History of Fascism in Hungary and Romania|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_817918515|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|year=1970|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_817918515/page/n322 305]}}</ref> Kajadian ieu, ditambih ku sababaraha faktor nu lian, nyieunan pamaréntah Romania gabung ka [[Blok Poros]]. Akibat kaputusan blok Poros, [[Dobrogea]] kidul dibéré ka Bulgaria, samentara Hongaria miboga [[Transilvania|Transilvania Kalér]].<ref>{{citejournal|author=M. Broszat|language=German|title=Deutschland — Ungarn — Rumänien. Entwicklung und Grundfaktoren nationalsozialistischer Hegemonial- und Bündnispolitik 1938-1941|journal=[[Historische Zeitschrift]]|issue=206|year=1968|pages=552–553}}</ref> Dina perang, Romania mangrupa sumber minyak nu penting pikeun [[Jérman Nazi|Nazi]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.2worldwar2.com/mistakes.htm#ploesti|title=The Biggest Mistakes In World War 2:Ploesti - the most important target|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918013749/http://www.2worldwar2.com/mistakes.htm#ploesti |date=2008-09-18 }}</ref> jadina Sakutu [[Operasi Tidal Wave|ngalaksanakeun pamboman]]. Sanggeus [[Operasi Barbarossa|invasi Jérman ka Uni Soviét]], Romania ngarebut deui Bessarabia jeung Bukovina Kalér ti Soviét. Sanggeus Raja [[Mihai I ti Romania]] diistrénan jeung ngalabuhkeun [[Ion Antonescu]], Romania ngagabung ka Sakutu, tapi lakuannna dina nalukkeun Jérman Nazi teu diakuan ku [[Konferénsi Parapihan Paris]] taun 1947.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/5/38D4D252-BE7E-4943-A6A9-4E3C1B32A05F.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070930033400/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/5/38D4D252-BE7E-4943-A6A9-4E3C1B32A05F.html|archivedate=2007-09-30|title=World War II – 60 Years After: Former Romanian Monarch Remembers Decision To Switch Sides|author=Eugen Tomiuc|date=May 6, 2005|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Wates kulon Romania balik deui kawas saméméhna, tapi Bukovina Kalér jeung Bessarabia tetep dikawasaan ku Soviet. === Komunisme === Dina taun 1947, kaum komunis maksa Raja Mihai I lungsur jeung angkat ninggalkeun nagara. Romania diproklamasikeun minangka [[républik rahayat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html|publisher=CIA - The World Factbook|title=Romania|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515163205/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html |date=2020-05-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ed-u.com/ro.html|title=Romania - Country Background and Profile|publisher=ed-u.com|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210194350/http://www.ed-u.com/ro.html |date=2008-12-10 }}</ref> Romania tetep aya dina [[Panjajahan Soviét di Romania|panjajahan militér]] jeung [[SovRoms|kontrol ékonomi]] Uni Soviét nepi ka ahir taun 1950-an. Dina période ieu, sumber daya Romania diserep<ref>{{Cite web|first=Carmen|last=Rîjnoveanu|title=Romania's Policy of Autonomy in the Context of the Sino-Soviet Conflict|year=2003|pages=1|publisher=Czech Republic Military History Institute, Militärgeschichtliches Forscheungamt|url=http://www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr/07autredossiers/groupetravailhistoiremilitaire/pdfs/2003-gthm.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624195137/http://www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr/07autredossiers/groupetravailhistoiremilitaire/pdfs/2003-gthm.pdf |date=2008-06-24 }}</ref> ku pausahaan Soviét-Romania ([[SovRoms]]).<ref>{{Citebook|last=Roper|first=Stephen D.|title=Romania: The Unfinished Revolution|place=London|publisher=Routledge|year=2000|isbn=9058230279|pages=18}}</ref><ref>{{Citebook|last=Cioroianu|first=Adrian|author-link=Adrian Cioroianu|title="On the Shoulders of Marx. An Incursion into the History of Romanian Communism"|language=Romanian|publisher=Editura Curtea Veche|year =2005|location=Bucharest|pages=68–73|isbn=9736691756}}</ref> [[Image:Nicolae Ceaușescu (1988).jpg|thumb|left|[[Nicolae Ceauşescu]]]] Pamaréntahan komunis ngawangun rézim nu utamana dilaksanakeun liwat [[Securitate]] (pulisi rasiah anyar). Aranjeunna ngalaksanakeun kampanye pikeun maraéhan "musuh nagara", jadina aya rajapati atawa ditangkepna individu-individu ku alesan politik jeung ékonomi.<ref>{{Citebook|last =Caraza|first =Grigore|title =Aiud însângerat|publisher =Editura Vremea XXI|year=2004|volume=Chapter IV|isbn=9736450503|language=Romanian}}</ref> Hukuman ngawengku déportasi, pangasingan internal, gawé paksa, atawa dipanjarakeun. Catetan sajarah nyatet rupa-rupa kasus panyiksaan jeung rajapati, boh ka musuh politik atawa rahayat biasa.<ref>{{cite book|author=Cicerone Ioniţoiu|title=Victimele terorii comuniste. Arestaţi, torturaţi, întemniţaţi, ucişi. Dicţionar|publisher=Editura Maşina de scris|location=Bucharest|year=2000 |isbn= 973-99994-2-5|language=Romanian}}</ref> Dina taun 1965, [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]] mimita ngawasa jeung ngalaksanakeun kawijakan indepénden, kawas jadi sahiji-hijina nagara [[Pakta Warsawa]] nu teu satuju kana invasi Soviét ka [[Cékoslowakia]] taun 1968, neruskeun hubungan ka [[Israél]] sanggeus [[Perang Genep Poé]] tahn 1967, sarta muka hubungan diplomatik jeung ékonomi sareng [[Jérman Kulon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/romania/75.htm|publisher=Country Studies.us|title=Romania: Soviet Union and Eastern Europe|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705191547/http://countrystudies.us/romania/75.htm |date=2009-07-05 }}</ref> Romania ogé miboga hubungan nu deukeut kalawan nagara-nagara [[Dunya Arab|Arab]], nyieun Romania maénkeun laku penting dina prosés parapihan [[Israél]]–[[Mesir]] jeung Israél–[[Organisasi Pambébasan Paléstina|Paléstina]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://countrystudies.us/romania/80.htm |publisher=countrystudies.us| title=Middle East policies in Communist Romania|publisher=Country Studies.us|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Ku sabab hutang luar nagri Romania naék drastis antara taun 1977 nepi ka 1981 (ti 3 nepi ka 10 miliar dollar AS),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Deletant|first=Dennis|title=New Evidence on Romania and the Warsaw Pact, 1955-1989|publisher=Cold War International History Project e-Dossier Series|url=http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.publications&doc_id=16367&group_id=13349|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029113345/http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.publications&doc_id=16367&group_id=13349 |date=2008-10-29 }}</ref> pangaruh organisasi monetér internasional kawas [[IMF]] jeung [[Bank Dunya]] ningkat, nu teu cocog jeung kawijakan [[autarki]] Nicolae Céauşescu. Anjeunna ngusahakeun mayar hutang kalawan netepkeun kawijakan nu miskinkeun rahayat jeung nyieun ékonomi Romania leuleus. Salian ti éta, anjeunna ngaluasan kakawasaan [[Securitate]]. Akibatna, popularitas Céauşescu ngirang, nu ahir kalawan labuhna Céauşescu dina [[Révolusi Romania 1989]]. === Romania kiwari === Sanggeus [[Perang Tiis]] ahir, Romania mekarkeun hubungan nu leuwih deukeut sareng [[Eropa Kulon]]. Romania ngagabung ka [[NATO]] dina taun 2004, jeung jadi tuan bumi [[patepungan Puncak Bukares 2008|patepungan puncak NATO di Bukares taun 2008]].<ref>{{Cite news|title =NATO update: NATO welcomes seven new members|url =http://www.nato.int/docu/update/2004/04-april/e0402a.htm|publisher =NATO|accessdate =2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911134550/http://www.nato.int/docu/update/2004/04-april/e0402a.htm |date=2008-09-11 }}</ref> Romania ogé gabung ka [[Uni Éropa]] dina 1 Januari 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|title=EU approves Bulgaria and Romania|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/5380024.stm|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203223404/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/5380024.stm |date=2008-12-03 }}</ref> Sabab kahéséan hirup sanggeus déprési ékonomi taun 1990-an, muncul [[diaspora Romania|diaspora]] gedé Romania. Tujuan émigrasi utama nyaéta [[Spanyol]], [[Italia]], [[Austria]], [[Jérman]], [[Britania Raya]], [[Kanada]], jeung [[Amérika Sarikat]].<ref name=diaspora>{{cite web|url= http://www.focus-migration.de/index.php?id=2515&L=1|title= Romania|accessdate= 2008-08-28|publisher= focus-migration.de}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207131655/http://focus-migration.de/index.php?id=2515&L=1 |date=2009-02-07 }}</ref> == Politik jeung pamaréntahan == [[Konstitusi Romania]] dijieun dumasar kana [[Konstitusi Perancis]]<ref name="Europaworld">{{cite book|encyclopedia=The Europa World Year Book|year=2007|volume=2|edition=48|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York|title=Romania|pages=3734–3759|isbn=9781857434125}}</ref> jeung ditarima liwat réferéndum nasional dina 8 Désémber 1991.<ref name="Europaworld"/> Hiji panyandakan sora nu diayakeun dina Oktober 2003 narima 79 amandemén konstitusi, nyieunannna cocog jeung législasi Uni Éropa.<ref name="Europaworld"/> Romania téh mangrupa [[républik]] [[démokrasi|démokratis]] multipartéy. Fungsi éksekutif dilaksanakeun ku présidén jeung perdana menteri. [[Présidén Romania]] dipilih liwat pamilihan umum saban lima taun. Présidén nunjuk [[Perdana Menteri Romania|perdana menteri]], nu mingpin pamaréntahan.<ref name="Europaworld"/> Présidén hirup di [[Istana Cotroceni]], samentara Perdana Menteri jeung pamaréntahan Romania kantorna di [[Istana Victoria]]. Cabang [[législatif]] pamaréntahan Romania, nu kawanoh minangka [[Parlemén Romania|Parlemén]] (''Parlamentul României''), diwangun ti dua majelis, ''Senat'' ([[Sénat]]), nu miboga 137 anggota (dina 2005), jeung ''[[Camera Deputaţilor]]'' (majelis handap), nu miboga 332 anggota (dina 2004). Anggota ti dua majelis ieu dipilih saban opat taun. Institusi nu pangluhurna dina sistem hukum Romania nyaéta [[Pangadilan Luhur Kasasi jeung Kaadilan]] (''Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie''), nu mangrupa mahkamah ageung Romania.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.scj.ro/monogr_en.asp|publisher=High Court of Cassation and Justice - —Romania|title=Presentation|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Sistem hukum di Romania loba kapangaruh ku hukum di Perancis.<ref name="Europaworld"/><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps35389/2000//legal_system.html|title=Romanian Legal system|publisher=CIA Factbook|year=2000|accessdate=2008-01-11}}</ref> == Hubungan luar nagri == Ti Désémber 1989, Romania terus ngiatan hubungan sareng Kulon, utamana jeung Amérika Sarikat jeung Uni Éropa. Romania ngagabung ka ''[[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organisation]]'' (NATO) dina 29 Maret 2004, Uni Éropa dina 1 Januari 2007, [[Dana Monetér Internasional]] jeung [[Bank Dunya]] dina taun 1972, jeung ngagabung ogé ka [[World Trade Organization]]. Pamaréntah Romania ayeuna ngusahakan ngiatan hubungan jeung nagara-nagara [[Eropa Wétan]] (utamana [[Moldova]], [[Ukraina]], jeung [[Géorgia]]).<ref name=mae>{{cite web|title=Foreign Policy Priorities of Romania for 2008|language=Romanian|url=http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=35181&idlnk=1&cat=3|publisher=Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=2008-08-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914103728/http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=35181&idlnk=1&cat=3 |date=2008-09-14 }}</ref> Romania ogé ngadéklarasikeun dukunganna ka [[Turki]], [[Kroasia]], jeung [[Moldova]] pikeun gabung ka Uni Éropa. Dina Désémber 2005, Présidén, [[Traian Băsescu]], jeung [[Sekretaris Nagara Amérika Sarikat]], [[Condoleezza Rice]], nandatanganan pasatujuan nu ngijinkeun hadirna militér AS di sababaraha fasilitas Romania, utamana di bagian wétan nagara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35722.htm|publisher=U.S. Department of State|title=Background Note: Romania - U.S.-Romanian Relations}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610072904/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35722.htm |date=2009-06-10 }}</ref> Dina Méi 2009, Sekretaris Nagara AS, [[Hillary Clinton]], nyebutkeun yén "Romania mangrupa salah sahiji batur nu paling dipercaya jeung paling dihormat ku Amérika Sarikat".<ref>http://www.bucharestherald.com/politics/34-politics/3116-hillary-clinton-romania-one-of-the-most-trustworthy-and-respectable-partners-of-the-usa- {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512144240/http://www.bucharestherald.com/politics/34-politics/3116-hillary-clinton-romania-one-of-the-most-trustworthy-and-respectable-partners-of-the-usa- |date=2009-05-12 }}</ref> Hubungan diplomatik antara Romania jeung Moldova jadi istiméwa<ref name=mae/> sabab duanana miboga basa jeung sajarah nu sarua. [[Gerakan pikeun unifikasi Romania jeung Moldova]] muncul dina awal taun 1990-an sanggeus kadua nagara bébas ti kakawasaan komunis,<ref name=cfis>{{cite journal|url=http://studint.ong.ro/moldova.htm|title=Romania'S Relations With The Republic Of Moldova|author=Gabriel Andreescu, Valentin Stan, Renate Weber|journal=International Studies|publisher=Center for International Studies|date=1994-10-30|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223003657/http://studint.ong.ro/moldova.htm |date=2008-02-23 }}</ref> tapi leungit sabab pamaréntah Moldova nu anyar hayang tetep merdika ti Romania.<ref name=Ihrig>{{cite web|url=http://www.desk.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/download/es_5_Ihrig.pdf|format=PDF|title=Rediscovering History, Rediscovering Ultimate Truth|author=Stefan Ihrig|accessdate=2008-09-17}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001165700/http://www.desk.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/download/es_5_Ihrig.pdf |date=2008-10-01 }}</ref> Romania katarik jeung Moldova jeung sacara resmi nolak [[Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop]], pajangjian nu nyababkeun direbutna sabagian wewengkon Romania ku [[Uni Soviét]]<ref name=cfis/>. Tapi dua nagara ieu teu bisa tepung ka pasatujuan dina pajangjian bilateral.<ref>{{cite news|http://www.romanianewswatch.com/2007/12/moldova-urging-romania-to-sign-basic.html|title=Moldova urging Romania to sign basic political treaty|publisher=Romania News Watch|accessdate=2008-08-28|date=2007-12-16}}</ref> == Militér == Angkatan Pakarang Romania diwangun ti angkatan darat, laut, jeung udara, jeung dipingpin ku [[panglima pangluhurna]]. Présidén Romania mangrupa panglima nu pangluhurna ti angkatan pakarang dina masa perang. Romania miboga 90.000 tentara.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=Ministry of National Defense of Romania|url=http://www.mapn.ro/briefing/030122/030121conf.htm|title=Press conference|date=2003-01-21|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403205407/http://www.mapn.ro/briefing/030122/030121conf.htm |date=2008-04-03 }}</ref> Romania miboga anggaran patahanan 2.05% ti [[Produk Doméstik Bruto|PDB]], nyaéta kira-kira 2.9 miliar dollar, tapi tentara Romania bakal ngagunakeun kira-kira 11 miliar dollar dina 2006 2011 pikeun modérnisasi jeung akuisisi palengkepan anyar.<ref name="ZF">{{citeweb|url= http://www.zf.ro/articol_99920/bugetul_mapn__2_05__din_pib__in_2007.html |title=MoND Budget as of 2007|publisher=''[[Ziarul Financiar]]''|date=2006-10-30|language=Romanian|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Angkatan pakarang Romania geus kalibet dina sababaraha perang, kawas misi [[NATO]] di [[Apganistan]]. == Babagian administratif == [[Image:Romanian license plate codes.png|thumb|right|500px|Babagian administratif di Romania]] Romania dibagi kana 41 ''judeţe'', sarupa [[propinsi]], ditambih munisipalitas [[Bukares]] (Bucureşti). Saban judeţe miboga déwan judeţe (''consiliu judeţean''), nu boga tanggung jawab pamaréntahan daérah. Judeţe dibagi kana kota (tung. ''oraş'', jam. ''oraşe'') jeung komune (tung. ''comună'', jam. ''comune''). Aya 319 kota jeung 2686 komune di Romania.<ref name="total">{{cite report|language=ro|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf|format=PDF|chapter=1.8|title=Administrative Organisation of Romanian Territory, on December 31, 2005|publisher=Romanian National Institute of Statistics|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210503/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref> Saban kota jeung komune miboga walikota (''primar'') jeung déwan daérah (''consiliu local''). Ieu daptar judeţe/propinsi Romania (alfabétis): {| | * [[Propinsi Alba|Alba]] * [[Propinsi Arad|Arad]] * [[Propinsi Argeş|Argeş]] * [[Propinsi Bacău|Bacău]] * [[Propinsi Bihor|Bihor]] * [[Propinsi Bistriţa-Năsăud|Bistriţa-Năsăud]] * [[Propinsi Botoşani|Botoşani]] * [[Propinsi Braşov|Braşov]] * [[Propinsi Brăila|Brăila]] * [[Propinsi Buzău|Buzău]] * [[Propinsi Caraş-Severin|Caraş-Severin]] * [[Propinsi Călăraşi|Călăraşi]] * [[Propinsi Cluj|Cluj]] * [[Propinsi Constanţa|Constanţa]] * [[Propinsi Covasna|Covasna]] * [[Propinsi Dâmboviţa|Dâmboviţa]] * [[Propinsi Dolj|Dolj]] * [[Propinsi Galaţi|Galaţi]] * [[Propinsi Giurgiu|Giurgiu]] * [[Propinsi Gorj|Gorj]] * [[Propinsi Harghita|Harghita]] | * [[Propinsi Hunedoara|Hunedoara]] * [[Propinsi Ialomiţa|Ialomiţa]] * [[Propinsi Iaşi|Iaşi]] * [[Propinsi Ilfov|Ilfov]] * [[Propinsi Maramureş|Maramureş]] * [[Propinsi Mehedinţi|Mehedinţi]] * [[Propinsi Mureş|Mureş]] * [[Propinsi Neamţ|Neamţ]] * [[Propinsi Olt|Olt]] * [[Propinsi Prahova|Prahova]] * [[Propinsi Satu Mare|Satu Mare]] * [[Propinsi Sălaj|Sălaj]] * [[Propinsi Sibiu|Sibiu]] * [[Propinsi Suceava|Suceava]] * [[Propinsi Teleorman|Teleorman]] * [[Propinsi Timiş|Timiş]] * [[Propinsi Tulcea|Tulcea]] * [[Propinsi Vaslui|Vaslui]] * [[Propinsi Vâlcea|Vâlcea]] * [[Propinsi Vrancea|Vrancea]] |} == Géografi == [[Gambar:Physical map of Romania.jpg|thumb|250px|Peta topografi Romania]] Kalawan téritori saluas {{convert|238391|km2|sqmi|}}, Romania mangrupa nagara nu pangluasna di [[Eropa Tenggara]] jeung nu panggedéna ka-12 di Éropa.<ref name="statistical">{{cite web|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf|title=Geography, Meteorology and Environment|date=2004|publisher=Romanian Statistical Yearbook|language=Romanian|accessdate=2009-09-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210503/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref> Kalobaannana ti wates Romania jeung Serbia sarta [[Bulgaria]] diwangun ti [[Walungan Donau]]. Walungan Donau ngalir ka [[Laut Hideung]] liwat wewengkon Romania, ngawangun [[Délta Donau]], délta nu panggedéna kadua di Éropa, nu jadi [[Situs Warisan Dunya UNESCO]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/588|title=Danube Delta|publisher=UNESCO's World Heritage Center|accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> Walungan penting lian nyaéta [[Walungan Siret|Siret]], [[Walungan Olt|Olt]] jenung [[Walungan Mureş|Mureş]].<ref name="statistical"/> Topografi Romania dibagi antara pagunungan, papasiran, jeung dataran handap. [[Pagunungan Carpathia]] ngadominasi puseur Romania, kalawan 14 puncakna nu nepi ka kaluhuran leuwih ti 2.000 méter.<ref name="statistical"/> Gunung nu pangluhurna di Romania nyaéta [[Puncak Moldoveanu]] ({{convert|2544|m|ft|disp=s|abbr=on}}). Di Romania kidul bagian tengah, pagunungan robah ka papasiran. Divérsitas géografi nyababkeun divérsitas flora jeung fauna di Romania.<ref name="statistical"/> === Ékosistem === [[Image:Retezat-bucura-peleaga.jpg|thumb|250px|Danau glasial di [[Taman Nasional Retezat]]]] 47% wewengkon Romania diwangun ti ékosistem natural jeung semi-natural.<ref name=biodiversity>{{citeweb|url=http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/romania/robiodiv.htm|title=Romania's Biodiversity|publisher=Ministry of Waters, Forests and Environmental Protection of Romania|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> Ku sabab méh saparo leuweung di Romania (13% téritori) geus diatur pikeun konsérvasi [[Daérah Aliran Walungan]] tinimbang produksi, Romania miboga salah sahiji wewengkon leuweung nu panggedéna di Éropa.<ref name=biodiversity/> Aya kira-kira {{convert|10000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} wewengkon nu dilindung di Romania.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.envir.ee/programmid/pharecd/soes/romania/html/biodiversity/ariiprot/protarea.htm|title=Protected Areas in Romania|publisher=Romanian Ministry of Waters, Forests and Environmental Protection|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> [[Délta Donau|Cagar Biosfer Donau]] mangrupa komplék lahan baseuh nu panggedéna jeung paling saeutik diruksak di Éropa, ngawengku wewengkon saluas {{convert|5800|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.envir.ee/programmid/pharecd/soes/romania/html/biodiversity/ariiprot/delta.htm|title=Danube Delta Reserve Biosphere|publisher=Romanian Ministry of Waters, Forests and Environmental Protection|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> Pentingna biodivérsitas di Délta Donau geus diakuan di dunya, jadina didéklarasikeun minangka [[Situs Warisan Dunya UNESCO]] dina Désémber 1991.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/588|title=Danube Delta|publisher=UNESCO's World Heritage Center|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> Aya dua cagar biosfer lian di Romania, nyaéta [[Taman Nasional Retezat]] jeung [[Pagunungan Rodna|Taman Nasional Rodna]]. === Flora jeung fauna === [[Image:Pelicani din Delta Dunarii.PNG|250px|left|thumb|[[Pelikan]] di Délta Donau]] Di Romania aya 3.700 spésiés tutuwuhan. 23 geus disebutkeun minangka monumén alam, 74 spésiés hilang, 39 spésiés kaancam, 171 spésiés pikacilakaeun, jeung 1.253 spésiés dianggap langka.<ref name="flora">{{cite web|url=http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/romania/soe2000/rom/cap5/ff.htm|title=Flora si fauna salbatica|publisher=enrin.grida.no|language=Romanian|accessdate=2009-09-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223142209/http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/romania/soe2000/rom/cap5/ff.htm |date=2009-02-23 }}</ref> Tilu zona végetasi utama di Romania nyaéta zona alpine, zona leuweung, jeung zona stépa. Végetasi nyebar dumasar kana karakteristik taneuh, iklim, jeung kaluhuran. Fauna di Romania diwangun ti 33.792 spésiés, 33.085 spésiés mangrupa [[invértébrata]] jeung 707 spésiés mangrupa [[vértébrata]].<ref name="flora"/> Spésiés vértébrata diwangun ti 191 spésiés lauk, 20 spésiés ampibi, 30 spésiés réptil, 364 spésiés manuk, jeung 102 spésiés mamalia.<ref name="flora"/> Fauna nyebar dumasar kana rupa végétasi di mana maranéhna aya. === Iklim === Romania miboga iklim transisional antara [[iklim sedeng]] jeung [[iklim kontinéntal|kontinéntal]]. Rarata suhu di Romania nyaéta 11&nbsp;°C (52&nbsp;°F) di kidul jeung {{convert|8|°C}} di kalér.<ref name=climate>{{citeweb|url=http://countrystudies.us/romania/34.htm|title=Romania: Climate|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> Suhu pangpanasna nu pernah dicatet nyaéta {{convert|44.5|°C}} di [[Ion Sion]] 1951 jeung suhu pangtiisna nu pernah dicatet nyaéta -38.5 (−37&nbsp;°F) di [[Bod, Braşov|Bod]] 1942.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.romaniatourism.com/climate.html|title=Romania: climate|publisher=Climate|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> Di Romania aya opat usum, nyaéta usum semi, panas, gugur, jeung tiis. Usum panas biasana haneut pisan atawa panas, kalawan rarata suhu dibukares kira-kira {{convert|28|°C}}.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Romania/Climate/|title=The monthly average climate parameters in Bucharest|publisher=WorldTravels|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> Usum semi boga ciri isuk jeung peuting nu tiis, jeung siang nu haneut. Usum gugur boga ciri garing jeung tiis, upami usum tiis miobga rarata suhu nu pangpanasna teu leuwih ti {{convert|2|°C}}.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://clic.npolar.no/disc/disc_datasets_metadata.php?s=0&desc=1&table=Datasets&id=DISC_GCMD_GGD30&tag=All&Category=&WCRP=&Location=All&stype=phrase&limit=10&q=|title=Permafrost Monitoring and Prediction in Southern Carpathians, Romania|publisher=CliC International Project Office (CIPO)|date=2004-12-22|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Rarata curah hujan di pagunungan kulon Romania nyaéta {{convert|750|mm|in|abbr=on}} per taun. Di wewengkon kidul bagian tengah (sakurilingeun Bukares), tingkat curah hujan nepi ka {{convert|600|mm|in|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web|language=Romanian|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf|format=PDF|title=The 2004 Yearbook|publisher=Romanian National Institute of Statistics|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210503/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref> ari di Délta Donau, curah hujan leutik pisan, kalawan rarata 370&nbsp;mm. == Démografi == [[Image:Romania harta etnica 2011.PNG|350px|thumb|Peta pasebaran étnis di Romania dina taun 2011]] Dumasar kana sénsus taun 2002, Romania miboga populasi 21.698.181 jeung kira-kira bakal ngirang. 89.5% padumuk Romania mangrupa [[bangsa Romania]]. Étnis minoritas nu panggedéna nyaéta [[Hungar]], nu ngawangun 6.6% populasi jeung [[urang Rom|Rom]] nu ngawangun 2.46% populasi. Dumasar kana sénsus resmi, 535.250 urang Rom tinggal di Romania. Hungar, nu mangrupa minoritas di [[Transilvania]], jadi mayoritas di county [[County Harghita|Harghita]] jeung [[County Covasna|Covasna]]. [[Bangsa Ukraina]], [[Bangsa Jérman|Jérman]], [[Lipovan]], [[Bangsa Turki|Turki]], [[Tatar]], [[Bangsa Sérbia|Sérbia]], [[Bangsa Slowakia|Slowakia]], [[Bangsa Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Bangsa Kroasia|Kroasia]], [[Bangsa Yunani|Yunani]], [[Bangsa Rusia|Rusia]], [[Yahudi]], [[Bangsa Céko|Céko]], [[Bangsa Polandia|Polandia]], [[Bangsa Italia|Italia]], [[Bangsa Arménia|Arménia]], jeung sababaraha grup étnis lianna ngawangun 1.4% populasi.<ref name="census">{{cite report|url=http://www.recensamant.ro/pagini/rezultate.html|title=Official site of the results of the 2002 Census|language=Romanian|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325223653/http://www.recensamant.ro/pagini/rezultate.html%23 |date=2008-03-25 }}</ref> Basa resmi Romania nyaéta [[basa Romania]]. Basa Romania mangrupa basa asli pikeun 91% padumuk Romania, jeung [[basa Hongaria]] sareng [[Rom]] minangka basa minoritas nu pangpentingna, dipaké ku 6.7% jeung 1.1% padumuk.<ref name="census" /> Di tempat étnis minoritas ngawangun 20% populasi, basa minoritas éta bisa dipaké dina administrasi jeung hukum. [[Basa Inggris]] jeung [[Basa Perancis|Perancis]] mangrupa basa asing utama nu diajarkeun di sakola-sakola. Basa Inggris digunakeun ku 5 yuta padumuk Romania, Perancis ku 4–5 yuta<sup>[''nu bener?'']</sup> padumuk, jeung Jérman, Italia, jeung Spanyol dipaké ku 1–2 yuta padumuk.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.anis.ro/index.php?page=afaceri&sec=afaceri_avantaje&lang=ro|title=Outsourcing IT în România|language=Romanian|publisher=Owners Association of the Software and Service Industry|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Saméméhna, basa Perancis mangrupa basa asing utama di Romania, tapi basa Inggris geus ngagantina. Basa Jérman diajarkeun di Transilvania lantaran kakawasaan Austria-Hongaria di propinsi ieu sebelumnya. Romania mangrupa [[nagara sékulér]], jadina teu boga agama nasional. Agama nu loba diagem nyaéta [[Garéja Orthodox Romania]] (86.7%). Agama penting lianna nyaéta [[Katolik Roma]] (4.7%), [[Protéstan]] (3.7%), [[Garéja Péntakosta|Péntakosta]] (1.5%), jeung [[Garéja Katolik-Yunani Romania]] (0.9%).<ref name="census" /> [[Islam]] ogé diagem jeung museur di [[Dobrogea]]. Salian ti Islam, agama [[Yahudi]] ogé diagem ku sabagian padumuk Romania. == Atikan == [[Image:Bucharest university.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Universitas Bukares]]]] Ti Révolusi Romania 1989, sistem atikan Romania terus diréformasi.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/romania/rapport_1.html|title=The Romanian Educational Policy in Transition|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002165335/http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/romania/rapport_1.html |date=2008-10-02 }}</ref> Dumasar kana Undang-Undang Atikan nu dipaké dina taun 1995, sistem atikan diatur ku [[Kamentrian Atikan jeung Panalungtikan Romania|Kamentrian Atikan jeung Panalungtikan]]. [[TK]] mangrupa atika opsional pikeun barudak nu yuswana 3 nepi ka 6 taun. Sakola dimimiti dina yuswa 7 taun (kadang-kadang 6), jeung wajib nepi ka kelas 10 (dina yuswa kira-kira 16 atawa 17).<ref>{{cite report|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/romania/rapport_2.html|title=The Romanian Educational Policy in Transition|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001200457/http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/romania/rapport_2.html |date=2008-10-01 }}</ref> Dumasar kana [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]], dina taun 2006 euweuh universitas di Romania nu asup ka 500 universitas nu pangalusna di dunya.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006FULLLIST-BY%20RANK%20(PDF).pdf|format=pdf|title=Academic Ranking World University 2006: Top 500 World University|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205043418/http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006FULLLIST-BY%20RANK%20(PDF).pdf |date=2012-02-05 }}</ref> Dilaporkeun yén universitas nu pangalusna di Romania, [[Universitas Bukares]] ngan miboga peunteun saparo ti universitas nu miboga tingkat ka-500.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=Asociaţia Ad Astra a cercetătorilor rom âni|author=Răzvan Florian|url=http://www.ad-astra.ro/journal/8/florian_shanghai_romania.pdf|format=pdf|title=Romanian Universities and the Shanghai rankings|location=Cluj-Napoca, România|pages=7–9|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023140037/http://www.ad-astra.ro/journal/8/florian_shanghai_romania.pdf |date=2006-10-23 }}</ref> == Ékonomi == [[Image:MittalSteelGalati200607.jpg|thumb|250px|Pabrik baja [[ArcelorMittal]] di [[Galaţi]]]] Kalawan [[Produk Doméstik Bruto|PDB]] $264 miliar jeung [[PDB per kapita]] ([[purchasing power parity|PPP]]) $12.285<ref>{{citeweb|url= http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2013&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=968&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a=&pr1.x=87&pr1.y=12 |title=IMF World Economic Outlook April 2008 - Central and Eastern Europe|month=April | year=2008|publisher=IMF|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> dina taun 2008, Romania mangrupa nagara kalawan pamasukan nengah ka luhur<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20421402~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html#Upper_middle_income|publisher=World Bank|title=Country Classification Groups|year=2005|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> jeung geus jadi bagian ti Uni Éropa ti 1 Januari 2007. Sanggeus rézim komunis labuh dina taun 1989, nagara ieu ngalaman dékade panurunan jeung kateustabilan ékonomi, disababkeun ku labuhna basis industri jeung kirangnya réformasi struktural, tapi ti taun 2000, ékonomi Romania robah kana ékonomi kalawan kastabilan [[ékonomi makro]], jeung ciri kamekaran ékonomi luhur, tingkat pangangguran handap jeung ngirangna [[inflasi]]. Dina taun 2006, Romania nyitak kamekaran ékonomi 7.7%, salah sahiji nu panggedéna di Éropa.<ref>{{citeweb|language=Romanian|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/pib/pibr06.pdf|format=PDF|title=GDP in 2006|publisher=Romanian National Institute of Statistics|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> Kamekaran ékonomi turun ka 6.1% dina taun 2007,<ref>{{citeweb|language=Romanian|title=World Bank: In 2008 Romania will have an economic growth of 5.9%|url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/a115093/banca-mondiala-in-2008-romania-va-avea-o-crestere-economica-de-5-9.html|accessdate=2008-01-13}}</ref> tapi nepi ka 8.9% dina salapan bulan awal taun 2008. Kamekaran ékonomi labuh ka 2.9% dina triwulan ka-4 jeung kamekaran ékonomi Romania dina taun 2008 jadi 7.1%. Hal ieu disababkeun ku ayana [[krisis finansial global 2008-2009|krisis finansial global]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.curierulnational.ro/Economie/2009-03-05/Cresterea+economica+din+2008+a+franat+brusc+in+T+4|title=Creşterea economică din 2008 a frânat brusc în T 4|work=Curierul National|language=Romanian|accessdate=2009-09-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030004320/http://www.curierulnational.ro/Economie/2009-03-05/Cresterea%20economica%20din%202008%20a%20franat%20brusc%20in%20T%204 |date=2009-10-30 }}</ref> Romania miboga tingkat pangangguran 3.9% dina Séptémber 2007,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/lunar_indicatori/a07/sic09r07.pdf|format=PDF|title=Main Macroeconomic Indicators, September 2007|publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Romania|language=Romanian|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827223300/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/lunar_indicatori/a07/sic09r07.pdf |date=2008-08-27 }}</ref> nu lumayan handap lamjun dibandingkeun jeung nagara Éropa lianna, kawas [[Polandia]], Perancis, Jérman, jeung Spanyol. Utang luar nagri Romania ogé lumayan handap, kalawan jumlah 20.3% ti PDB.<ref name="CIA">{{citeweb|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html|title=Romania|publisher=CIA World Factbook|year=2006|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Tingkat ékspor Romania ogé terus ningkat dina sababaraha taun ieu, kalawan komoditas nu diékspor nyaéta tékstil, mesin industri, pakakas éléktronik, produk [[métalurgi]], bahan atah, mobil, pakakas hipu, farmasi, bahan kimia, jeung produk agrikultur (bungbuahan, sayur, jeung kembang). Romania loba ngalaksanakeun dagang sareng nagara-nagara Uni Éropa, kalawan Jérman jeung Italia salaku mitra dagang nu panggedéna, tapi Romania ngalaman défisit dagang nu gedé, nu ningkat 50% dina taun 2007.<ref name=economywatch>{{citeweb|url=http://romaniaeconomywatch.blogspot.com/2007/11/romania-trade-balance-september-2007.html|title=Romania at A Glance - January 2008|publisher=Romania Economy Watch|year=2008|month=January|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> Sanggeus privatisasi jeung réformasi dina ahir taun 1990-an jeung awal 2000-an, intervénsi pamaréntah dina ékonomi Romania leuwih handap dibandingkeun nagara-nagara Éropa lianna.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Romania|title=Index of Economic Freedom: Romania|publisher=heritage.org|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Dina taun 2005, pamaréntah ngagentos [[sistem pajak progrésif]] Romania jadi [[sistem pajak tetep]] 16%, jadina Romania miboga tanggung jawab fiskal nu panghandapna di Uni Éropa,<ref>{{cite report|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PGP_PRD_CAT_PREREL/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007_MONTH_06/2-26062007-EN-AP.PDF|format=pdf|title=Taxation trends in the EU|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|date=2007-06-26|accessdate=2008-08-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628064604/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PGP_PRD_CAT_PREREL/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007_MONTH_06/2-26062007-EN-AP.PDF |date=2007-06-28 }}</ref> faktor nu ngabantu tumuwuhna séktor swasta. Ékonomi Romania leuwih ngagantung dina jasa (55% ti PDB), sanajan industri (35% ti PDB) jeung agrikultur (15% ti PDB) ogé boga pangaruh. Salian ti étu, 32% padumuk Romania gawé dina séktor agrikultur jeung produksi.<ref name="CIA" /> Ti taun 2000, Romania geus narik perhatosan invéstor ti luar nagri jeung jadi tujuan invéstasi nu panggedéna di Éropa Tengah jeung Tenggara. Dina taun 2006, jumlah total arus asup ''[[foreign direct investment]]'' di Romania nyaéta €8.3 miliar.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.portalino.it/nuke/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=20346 |title=Romania: FDI reached over EUR 8.3 bn|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> == Transportasi == [[Image:Romania-drumuri.svg|right|thumb|250px|Peta jaringan jalan di Romania]] Ku lantaran lokasina, Romania mangrupa simpangan pikeun patukeran ékonomi internasional di [[Eropa]], tapi lantaran kirangna invéstasi, pangurusan jeung paropéaan infrastruktur transportasi Romania teu minuhan kabutuhan pasar jeung katinggal ti [[Eropa Kulon]].<ref name="drumuri">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnadnr.ro/pagina.php?idg=20|title=Prezentarea generală a reţelei de drumuri|publisher=cnadnr.ro|language=Romanian|accessdate=2009-09-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211132511/http://www.cnadnr.ro/pagina.php?idg=20 |date=2010-02-11 }}</ref> Tapi, kondisi ieu terus ngabener jeung standar [[jaringan transportasi Trans-Eropa]] terus diudag. Sababaraha proyék geus dimimitian kalawan dana ti [[Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession]] (ISPA) jeung injeuman ti [[International Financial Institutions]] ([[Bank Dunya]], [[IMF]], jsb.). Bank Dunya ngira-ngira yén jaringan rél karéta api nu aya di Romania dina taun 2004 nepi ka 22.298&nbsp;km, nyieunanna jaringan karéta api nu panggedéna ka-4 di Éropa.<ref name="cai ferate">{{citeweb|url=http://www.cfr.ro/jf/romana/0208/retea.htm|title=Reteaua feroviara|language=Romanian|publisher=cfr.to|accessdate=2009-09-06}}</ref> == Budaya == [[Image:Iasi cultural palace.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Istana Budaya (Iaşi)|Istana Budaya]] di [[Iaşi]] diwangun antara taun 1906 jeung 1925.]] Romania miboga budaya nu unik, nu kacipta ti géografi jeung sajarahna. Idéntitas Romania mimiti kawangun ti pangaruh budaya [[Romawi]] jeung [[Dacia]]. Ti abad patengahan, pangaruh budaya muncul ti [[bangsa Slavia]] nu migrasi di deukeut Romania.<ref name=influences>{{cite book|title=Romania: Borderland of Europe|url=https://archive.org/details/romaniaborderlan0000boia|author=Lucian Boia, James Christian Brown|publisher=Reaktion Books|year=2001|isbn=9781861891037|pages=[https://archive.org/details/romaniaborderlan0000boia/page/13 13], 36–40}}</ref> Budaya modérn Romania mekar dina pangaruh [[budaya Kulon]], utamana [[budaya Perancis|Perancis]]<ref name=iciculture/> jeung [[budaya Jérman|Jérman]].<ref name=iciculture>{{cite web|url=http://www.ici.ro/romania/en/cultura/cultural_aspects.html|title=Cultural aspects|publisher=National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics, Romania|accessdate=2008-08-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307182620/http://www.ici.ro/romania/en/cultura/cultural_aspects.html |date=2008-03-07 }}</ref> === Seni jeung sastra === Sastra Romania mimiti évolusi sanggeus [[révolusi Wallachia 1848]]. Murid Romania mimiti neuleuman di Perancis, Italia, jeung Jérman. Filsafat Jérman jeung budaya Perancis kaintegrasi kana sastra Romania modérn jeung muncul inohong kawas [[Mihai Eminescu]], [[George Coşbuc]], jeung [[Ioan Slavici]]. Sanajan aranjeunna kirang kasohor di luar Romania, aranjeunna diapresiasikeun pisan di Romania sahah nyieun sastra Romania. Di antara aranjeunna, Eminescu dianggap salaku panyair Romania nu pangpentingna, jeung karyana masih dipikaresep, utamana puisi ''[[Luceafărul]]''.<ref>{{citeweb|language=Romanian|url=http://www.ici.ro/romania/en/cultura/l_eminescu.html|title=Mihai Eminescu|publisher=National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics, Romania|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref> Panulis lian nu méré kontribusi dina abad ka-19 nyaéta [[Mihail Kogălniceanu]], [[Vasile Alecsandri]], [[Nicolae Bălcescu]], [[Ion Luca Caragiale]], jeung [[Ion Creangă]]. Awal abad ka-20 dianggap minangka jaman kajayaan budaya Romania.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/romanian/articles/TheRomanianCulturalDebateOfTheSummer.html|title=Romanian Cultural Debate of the Summer: Romanian Intellectuals and Their Status Groups|publisher=Romanian Club @ Columbia University|author=Mona Momescu|accessdate=2008-08-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624212717/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/romanian/articles/TheRomanianCulturalDebateOfTheSummer.html |date=2016-06-24 }}</ref> Inohong penting nu geus mangaruhan budaya dunya nyaéta [[Constantin Brâncuşi]], figur utama gerakan modérn, panaratas abstraksi jeung panganyar skulptur dunya.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.brancusi.com/bio.html|title=Constantin Brâncuşi's bio|publisher=Brancusi.com|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref> Salah sahiji karyana, "''[[Bird in Space]]''" , kajual $27.5 yuta dina taun 2005.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://antiquesandthearts.com/AW-2005-05-10-12-15-39p1.htm|title=Brancusi's 'Bird in Space' Sets World Auction Record for Sculpture at $27,456,000|publisher=Antiques and the Arts Online|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://crib.mae.ro/index.php?lang=en&id=31&s=15441&arhiva=true|publisher=Romanian Information Center in Brussels|title=November 9, The price record for a Brancusi masterpiece was set up in 2005 when “Bird in Space” was sold for USD 27.5 M|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref> Dina période antar perang dunya, inohong kawas [[Tudor Arghezi]], [[Lucian Blaga]], [[Eugen Lovinescu]], [[Ion Barbu]], [[Liviu Rebreanu]] ngusahakeun nyinkronisasikeun sastra Romania jeung sastra Éropa. [[George Enescu]], panembang Romania nu kasohor, ogé asalna ti période ini.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.enescusociety.org/georgeenescu.php|title=George Enescu, the composer|publisher=International Enescu Society|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref> Sanggeus perang dunya réngsé, komunisme mawa panyénsoran gedé. Kabébasan nepikeun pamikiran dilarang, tapi inohong kawas [[Gellu Naum]], [[Nichita Stănescu]], jeung [[Marin Sorescu]] hasil lolos ti panyénsoran, jeung mangrupa pamingpin "Renaissance" leutik pikeun sastra Romania.<ref>{{citebook|last=Ştefănescu|first=Alex.|title=Nichita Stănescu, The Angel With A Book In His Hands|language=Romanian|publisher=Maşina de scris|year=1999|pages=8|isbn=9789739929745}}</ref> samentara teu loba karya nu hasil lolos ka dunya internasional lantaran panyénsoran, karya figur kawas [[Constantin Noica]], [[Paul Goma]], jeung [[Mircea Cărtărescu]] dipublikasikeun di luar nagri sanajan aranjeunna dipanjarakeun lantaran rupa-rupa alesan politik. Sababaraha senima milih ninggalkeun nagara jeung nyumbang karyana dina pangasingan, kawas [[Eugen Ionescu]], [[Mircea Eliade]], jeung [[Emil Cioran]]. == Tempo ogé == * [[Daptar nagara]] == Catetan suku == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{sisterlinks}} * {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20061004115558/http://www.gov.ro/engleza/ Loka resmi pamaréntah Romania] * {{ro}} [http://www.presidency.ro/?lang=en Présidén Romania] * {{ro}} [http://www.senat.ro/ Sénat Romania] * {{ro}} [http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?id=103&idl=2 Camera Deputaţilor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207033814/http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?id=103&idl=2 |date=2006-12-07 }} (majelis handap di parlemén) * {{en}} [http://www.mtromania.ro/page.html?lg=eng Kamentrian Pariwisata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305192745/http://www.mtromania.ro/page.html?lg=eng |date=2005-03-05 }} * {{ro}} [http://www.mae.ro/index.php?lang=en Kamentrian Luar Nagri] {{nagara-geo-stub}} {{Artikel Geulis}} {{Éropa}}<br/> {{Laut Hideung}}<br/> {{Uni Éropa}}<br/> {{Déwan Éropa}}<br/> {{NATO}}<br/> {{OSCE}}<br/> {{WTO}}<br/> {{Uni Latin}}<br/> {{La Francophonie}} [[Kategori:Romania| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Éropa Wétan]] cf1nezhet7f769n7986iqh7ngfw0xkf Ukraina 0 34435 729333 680308 2026-09-27T01:30:39Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | native_name = Україна | conventional_long_name = Ukraina | common_name = Ukraina | image_flag = Flag of Ukraine.svg | image_coat = Lesser Coat of Arms of Ukraine.svg | image_map = Europe-Ukraine (1991-2014).svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=héjo|region=[[Éropa]]|region_color=kulawu kolot|legend=Location Ukraine Europe.png}} | national_anthem = <center> </center><br />Ще не вмерла України{{spaces|2}}<small>([[basa Ukraina|Ukraina]])</small><ref name=anthem>{{cite web|url=http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=602-15|title=Law of Ukraine. State Anthem of Ukraine|publisher=[[Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine]]|date=2003-03-06|language=[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118133429/http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=602-15 |date=2018-11-18 }}</ref><br />''[[Shche ne vmerla Ukraina|Shche ne vmerla Ukrayiny]]''{{spaces|2}}<small>([[transliterasi]])<br />''Kajayaan Ukraina tacan pupus''</small> | official_languages = [[basa Ukraina|Ukraina]] |regional_languages = [[basa Rusia|Rusia]], [[basa Tatar Crimea|Tatar Crimea]] | ethnic_groups = '''77.8% [[urang Ukraina|Ukraina]]''',<br />17.3% [[Urang Rusia di Ukraina|Rusia]],<br /> 4.9% nu séjén jeung nu teu kaspésifikasi<ref name="Ethnic composition of the population of Ukraine, 2001 Census">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323110131/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/|archivedate=2008-03-23|title=Population by ethnic nationality, 1 January, year|work=ukrcensus.gov.ua|publisher=Ukrainian Office of Statistics|accessdate=2010-04-17}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105063616/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/ |date=2008-01-05 }}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2001 | demonym = [[Urang Ukraina|Ukrainian]] | capital = [[Kiév]] | latd=50 |latm=27 |latNS=N |longd=30 |longm=30 |longEW=E | largest_city = [[Kiév]] | government_type = [[Nagara kahijian|Républik kahijian]] [[Sistem semi-présidénsial|semi-présidénsial]] | leader_title1 = [[Présidén Ukraina|Présidén]] | leader_name1 = [[Volodymyr Zelenskiy]] (Володимир Зеленський) | leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Ukraina|Perdana Mentri]] | leader_name2 = [[Yulia Svyrydenko]] (Юлія Свириденко) | leader_title3 = [[Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada|Speaker of Parliament]] | leader_name3 = [[Ruslan Stefanchuk]] (Руслан Стефанчук) | legislature = [[Verkhovna Rada]] | sovereignty_type = [[Sajarah Ukraina|Pawangunan]] | sovereignty_note = | established_event1 = [[Kievan Rus']] | established_date1 = 882 | established_event2 = [[Karahaan Galisia–Volhynia]] | established_date2 = 1199 | established_event3 = [[Cossack Hetmanate]] | established_date3 = 1649 | established_event4 = [[Républik Nasional Ukraina]] | established_date4 = [[OldWikisource:Третій Універсал Української Центральної Ради|7 Nopémber]] 1917 | established_event5 = [[Républik Rahayat Ukraina Kulon|Républik Nasional Ukraina Kulon]] | established_date5 = 1 Nopémber 1918 | established_event6 = [[Républik Sosialis Soviét Ukraina|Soviét Ukraina]] | established_date6 = 30 Désémber 1922 | established_event7 = [[Déklarasi Kamerdikaan Ukraina, 1941|Déklarasi Kamerdékaan Kadua]] | established_date7 = 30 Juni 1941 | established_event8 = [[Déklarasi Kamerdikaan Ukraina|Merdéka ti Uni Soviét]] | established_date8 = 24 Agustus 1991{{smallsup|1}} | area_rank = ka-46 | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 603.628 | areami² = 233.090 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 7% | population_estimate = 45.888.000<ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=123352|title=Ukrainian population keeps decreasing|accessdate=2010-06-20|publisher=National Radio Company of Ukraine|year=2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206152542/http://nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=123352 |date=2010-12-06 }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2010 | population_estimate_rank = ka-28 | population_census = 48.457.102<ref name="Ethnic composition of the population of Ukraine, 2001 Census"/> | population_census_year = 2001 | population_density = 77 | population_densitymi² = 199 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = ka-115 | GDP_PPP_year = 2010 | GDP_PPP = $302,679 milyar<ref name=imf1>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=85&pr1.y=19&c=926&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=Ukraine|publisher=International Monetary Fund|year=2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629132350/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=85&pr1.y=19&c=926&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |date=2011-06-29 }}</ref> <!--Do not use CIA factbook as source!--> | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $6.656<ref name=imf1/> <!--Do not use CIA factbook as source!--> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $136,561 milyar<ref name=imf1/> <!--Do not use CIA factbook as source!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2010 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3.003<ref name=imf1/> <!--Do not use CIA factbook as source!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | HDI_year = 2010 | HDI = {{increase}} 0.710<ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2010|year=2010|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=5 November 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121150504/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf |date=21 November 2010 }}</ref> | HDI_rank = ka-69 | HDI_category = <span style="color:#090;">luhur</span> | Gini = 31<ref name=cia>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html|title=Ukraine|accessdate=2007-12-24|date=December 13, 2007|work=[[CIA World Factbook]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709035611/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html |date=2016-07-09 }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2006 | Gini_category = <span style="color:#fc0;">sedeng</span> | currency = [[Hryvnia Ukraina|Hryvnia]] | currency_code = UAH | country_code = UKR | time_zone = [[Wanci Éropa Wétan|EET]] | utc_offset = +2<ref name=timechange>{{cite web |author= |url=http://ua.korrespondent.net/ukraine/events/1273613-rishennya-radi-ukrayina-30-zhovtnya-perejde-na-zimovij-chas |title=Рішення Ради: Україна 30 жовтня перейде на зимовий час » Події » Україна » Кореспондент |publisher=Ua.korrespondent.net |date= |accessdate=2011-10-31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707053808/http://ua.korrespondent.net/ukraine/events/1273613-rishennya-radi-ukrayina-30-zhovtnya-perejde-na-zimovij-chas |date=2016-07-07 }}</ref> | time_zone_DST = [[Wanci Usum Panas Éropa Wétan|EEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +3 | drives_on = tengen | cctld = [[.ua]], [[.укр]] | calling_code = [[Nomor telepon di Ukraina|380]] | footnotes = {{smallsup|1}} Hiji [[Réferéndum kamerdékaan Ukraina, 1991|réferéndum kamerdékaan]] dilaksanakeun dina 1 Désémber, sanggeus kamerdékaan Ukraina dibéréskeun dina 26 Désémber. [[Konstitusi Ukraina|Konstitusi nu ayeuna]] diadopsi dina 28 Juni 1996. }} '''Ukraina''' mangrupa hiji [[nagara]] peupeusan [[Uni Soviét]] nu aya di [[Éropa Wétan]]. Dina [[basa Slavia]], ''Ukraina'' hartina "daérah pawatesamn". Ukraina tepung wates jeung [[Rusia]] di beulah kalér-wétan; [[Bélarus]] di kalér; [[Polandia]], [[Slowakia|Slovakia]], jeung [[Hungaria]] di kulon; [[Romania|Rumania]] jeung [[Moldova]] di kidul-kulon; jeung [[Laut Hideung]] sarta [[Laut Azov]] di kidul. Ibu kota jeung sakaligus kota panggedéna di Ukraina nyaéta [[Kiév]] (''Kyiv''). == Babagian administratif == {{utama|Subdivisi Ukraina}} [[Gambar:Map of Ukraine political enwiki.png|thumb|320px|right|Peta Ukraina]] Ukraina dibagi kana 24 [[oblast]] ([[propinsi]]) jeung hiji [[républik otonom]] (''avtonomna respublika''), [[Crimea]]. Tambihannana, kota [[Kiev]] jeung [[Sevastopol]], miboga status légal istiméwa. 24 oblast jeung [[Crimea]] dibagi kana 490 ''[[raion]]'' ([[distrik]]), atanapi unit administratif tingkat dua. Rarata aréa ti hiji raion Ukraina nyaéta {{convert|1200|km2|sqmi}}; rarata populasi ti hiji raion nyaéta 52.000 urang.<ref name="oblasts">{{cite web|url=http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/pls/z7502/a002|title=Regions of Ukraine and their divisions|accessdate=2007-12-24|work=[[Verkhovna Rada|Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine]] Official Web-site|language=Ukrainian}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231154652/http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/pls/z7502/a002 |date=2007-12-31 }}</ref> == Réferénsi == {{reflist}} == Tempo ogé == * [[Daptar Inohong Ukraina]] * [[Daptar nagara]] == Tumbu kaluar == {{wikivoyage|Ukraine}} {{commons|Category:Ukraine|Ukraina}} * {{en}} [http://www.president.gov.ua/en/ Loka Kaprésidénan] {{Administratif Ukraina}} [[Kategori:Ukraina| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Éropa Wétan]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Ukraina}} 2lkbp742ks3h769vxzypn196qti29w4 Kapuloan Marshall 0 34783 729151 674174 2026-09-26T12:57:20Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ<span style="font-size:xx-small"><ref>[http://www.omniglot.com/countries/oceania.htm Names of the countries of Oceania in local languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107175819/http://www.omniglot.com/countries/oceania.htm |date=2011-11-07 }}, Omniglot. Ditarima 5 Maret 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geonames.de/coumh.html |publisher=geonames.de |title=Marshall Islands |accessdate=March 5, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511061731/http://www.geonames.de/coumh.html |archivedate=May 11, 2011 }}</ref></span> |conventional_long_name = Républik Kapuloan Marshall |image_flag = Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg |image_coat = Seal of the Marshall Islands.svg |symbol_type = Lambang |image_map = LocationMarshallIslands.png |national_motto = "Jepilpilin ke ejukaan"<br />("Préstasi tina Usaha Babarengan") |national_anthem = ''[[Forever Marshall Islands]]'' |official_languages = [[basa Marshall|Marshall]], [[basa Inggris|Inggris]] |demonym = Marshallese |capital = [[Majuro]] ([[Delap]]) |latd=7 |latm=7 |latNS=N |longd=171 |longm=4 |longEW=E |largest_city = Majuro<ref>[http://population.mongabay.com/population/marshall-islands population.mongabay.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903015000/http://population.mongabay.com/population/marshall-islands |date=2011-09-03 }}</ref> |government_type = [[Républik]] [[Nagara kahijian|kahijian]] [[sistem présidénsial|présidénsial]] [[Démokrasi répreséntatif|Demokratik]] |leader_title1 = [[Présidén Kapuloan Marshall|Présidén]] |leader_name1 = [[David Kabua]] |area_rank = ka-213 |area_magnitude http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Islands&action=edit = 1 E7 |area = 181 |areami² = 70 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = tiasa teu dipadulikeun |population_estimate = 68.000<ref name=unpop>{{Cite journal | url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 | version=2008 revision | format=PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-03-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115172319/https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | archive-date=2016-01-15 }}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = ka-205 |population_estimate_year = 2009 |population_census = 56.429 |population_census_year = 2003 |population_density = 342,5 |population_densitymi² = 885,7 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = ka-28 |GDP_PPP = $115 yuta |GDP_PPP_rank = ka-220 |GDP_PPP_year = 2001 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2.900 <small>(2005 est.)</small> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ka-195 |sovereignty_type = [[Kamerdikaan]] |established_event1 = ti [[Amérika Sarikat]] |established_date1 = 21 Oktober 1986 |currency = [[Dolar Amérika Sarikat]] |currency_code = USD |country_code = MHL |time_zone = |utc_offset = +12 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = right |cctld = [[.mh]] |calling_code = 692 |footnotes = }} '''Républik Kapuloan Marshall''' ({{lang-mh|Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ}}), mangrupa hiji [[nagara]] [[kapuloan]] di [[Mikronésia]] dina [[Samudra Pasifik]], kuloneun Wates Kaping Internasional jeung kaléreun khatulistiwa. Dina Juli 2011, jumlah populasina nyaéta 67.182.<ref>http://www.indexmundi.com/marshall_islands/demographics_profile.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404194000/http://www.indexmundi.com/marshall_islands/demographics_profile.html |date=2012-04-04 }}</ref> == Tempo ogé == * [[MIVA]] == Réferénsi == {{Reflist|2}} == Bibliogapi == * Barker, H. M. (2004). Bravo for the Marshallese: Regaining Control in a Post-nucléar, Post-colonial World. Belmont, California: Thomson/Wadsworth. * Rudiak-Gould, P. (2009). Surviving Paradise: One Yéar on a Disappéaring Island. New York: Union Square Press. * Niedenthal, J. (2001). For the Good of Mankind: A History of the Péople of Bikini and Their Islands. Majuro, Marshall Islands: Bravo Publishers. * Carucci, L. M. (1997). Nucléar Nativity: Rituals of Renewal and Empowerment in the Marshall Islands. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. * Hein, J. R., F. L. Wong, and D. L. Mosier (2007). Bathymetry of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and Vicinity [Miscellanéous Field Studies; Map-MF-2324]. Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Géological Survey. == Tumbu kaluar == {{SisterLinks}} ; Pamaréntah * [http://www.rmigovernment.org/index.jsp Kantor Présidén] ; Informasi umum * {{CIA World Factbook link|rm|Marshall Islands}} * [http://www.newint.org/columns/country/2005/03/01/marshall-island/ Profil nagara] ti [[New Internationalist]] * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/marshallislands.htm Kapuloan Marshall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085219/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/marshallislands.htm |date=2008-06-07 }} ti ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Oceania/Marshall_Islands|Kapuloan Marshall}} * {{Wikiatlas|the Marshall Islands}} * {{wikivoyage|Marshall Islands}} ; Média warta * [http://www.marshallislandsjournal.com Marshall Islands Journal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412093214/https://marshallislandsjournal.com/ |date=2022-04-12 }} {{Nagara di Oséania}} {{Austronesian-speaking}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Marshall Kapuloan}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Marshall| ]] [[Kategori:Kapuloan di Samudra Pasifik]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Urut koloni Jérman]] [[Kategori:Urut koloni Jepang]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] [[Kategori:Situs Perang Dunya II]] [[Kategori:Mikronésia]] [[Kategori:Républik]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1986]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Marshall Kapuloan}} nvy29qxhxrm34njab3hlv4zulvhlfub Vodka 0 34816 729346 711604 2026-09-27T02:08:19Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|the liquor}} [[File:04656 market in Sanok.JPG|300px|thumb|Sababraha jenis Vodka]] '''Vodka''' ({{lang-ru|водка}}, {{lang-be|гарэлка}}, {{lang-uk|горілка}}, {{lang-pl|wódka}}) nyaéta hiji inuman keras sulingan nu diwangun lulugna ku cai jeung etanol kalayan ngaleungitkeun rasa jeung sifat teu murnina. Vodka dijieun ku cara nyuling dahareun nu difermentasi. Nu sok dipaké biasana kacang-kacangan, hui kumeli (kentang), sakapeung mah sok ku bungbuahan atawa gula. Saacan taun 40an mah, Vodka teu di kenal di Amerika Serikat teh.<ref>http://athens.patch.com/articles/cocktails-anyone{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bareto, kadar alkohol vodka biasana nyaéta 40%.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}} Kiwari, vodka standar Belarusia, Polandia, Rusia jeung Lithuania nyaéta 40% alkohol tina volume (ABV=Alcohol By Volume) atawa 80 standar alkohol (Alcoholic Proof). Uni Eropa netepkeun aturan paling saeutik kadar alkohol 37,5 ABV keur hiji inuman bisa disebut vodka.<ref name=ginvodka1>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080122091206/http://www.ginvodka.org/history/vodkaproduction.html Production of vodka by Gin and Vodka Association], The [[Internet Archive]]</ref><ref name=europarl /> Sedengkeun di Amerika, kadar alkoholna minimal 30%.<ref name="cfra1">{{cite web|url=http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr;sid=a405a5761091de13308884c6cc36ee89;rgn=div6;view=text;node=27%3A1.0.1.1.3.3;idno=27;cc=ecfr |title=United States Code of Federal Regulations Title 27, Section 5.22(a)(1) |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |date= |accessdate=2011-05-31}}</ref> ==Etimologi== [[Image:VodkaBelt.png|thumb|right|300px|The "vodka belt" countries of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe are the historic home of vodka, and also have the highest vodka consumption in the world]] Vodka asalna tina kecap voda tina basa Slavic nu hartina cai, voda artina ngaheureutan dina basa slavic jadi cai leutik.<ref name=eb/><ref name=ety>{{cite dictionary|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=vodka |title=vodka |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary |accessdate=2008-11-22}}</ref><ref>Etymology of the word "vodka" in Черных&nbsp;П.&nbsp;Я.: Историко-этимологический словарь современного русского языка. Москва, Русский язык-Медиа, 2004.</ref> Kecap vodka mimiti kanyahoan aya dina "Akta Godzkie",<ref name=KRPS>{{Cite web|url=http://krps.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=27|title=History of vodka production, at the official page of Polish Spirit Industry Association (KRPS), 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930131416/http://krps.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=27|archivedate=September 30, 2007|accessdate=December 20, 2012}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930131416/http://krps.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=27 |date=September 30, 2007 }}</ref> Hiji dokumen pengadilan nu aya di Polandia.<ref name=KRPS /> Harita, kecap vodka ("wodka") ngarujuk kana ramuan kimia jiga ubar atawa kosmetik paragi nghabersihan, sedegkeun ngaran inuman nu sohor mah nyaéta gorzalka.<ref name=KRPS /> ==History== Para ahli teu sauyunan dina nentukan awal-awal perkembangan vodka,<ref name="smith_companion" >{{Cite book |author = Smith, A. F. |title = The Oxford companion to American food and drink |url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_e9i9 |ref = http://www.nukat.edu.pl/cgi-bin/nukat_nr?000971358 |place = Oxford |publisher = Oxford University Press, cop. 2007. |year = 2007 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_e9i9/page/693 693] |isbn = 978-0-19-530796-2 }}</ref><ref name=Blocker>Jack S Blocker; David M Fahey; Ian R Tyrrell (2003). ''Alcohol and temperance in modern history : an international encyclopedia 1 A - L'', p. 389.</ref> sabab saeutikna sumber-sumber sejarah nu nyebutkeun asal aslina inuman ieu.<ref name=Ermochkin>Nicholas Ermochkine; Peter Iglikowski (2003). ''40 degrees east : an anatomy of vodka'', p. 217.</ref> Ceuk sababaraha sumber, vodka mimiti dijieun di aréa nu ayeuna jadi Rusia dina ahir abad 9. Ceuk Gin and Vodka Association (GVA),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080105095200/http://www.ginvodka.org/history/originvodka.html The Gin and Vodka Association (GVA)], Cross Keys House, Queen St., Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK. Page stored at the [[Internet Archive]]</ref> pabrik vodka kahiji kadokumentasikeun leuwih ti 200 taun kaliwat di Khlynovsk, saperti nu di laporkeun dina Vyatka Chronicle taun 1174. For many centuries, beverages differed significantly compared to the vodka of today, as the spirit at that time had a different flavor, color and smell, and was originally used as medicine.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080105095200/http://www.ginvodka.org/history/originvodka.html</ref> It contained little alcohol, an estimated maximum of about 14%, as only this amount can be attained by natural fermentation. The still allowing for distillation – the "burning of wine" – was invented in the 8th century.<ref name=Briffault>[[Robert Briffault]] (1938). ''The Making of Humanity'', p. 195.</ref> ===Poland=== [[File:Vodka Sobieski.jpg|thumb|Sobieski Vodka, named after Polish King [[Jan III Sobieski]]]] In Poland, vodka ({{lang-pl|wódka}}; obsolete: ''gorzałka'') has been produced since the éarly [[Middle Ages]]. The world's first written mention of the drink and the word "vodka" was in 1405 from ''Akta Grodzkie'',<ref name="KRPS"/> the court documents from the [[Sandomierz Voivodship|Palatinate of Sandomierz]] in Poland.<ref name=KRPS /> At the time, the word ''wódka'' referred to chemical compounds such as [[medicine]]s and [[cosmetics]]' cléansers, while the popular beverage was called ''gorzałka'' (from the [[Old Polish]] ''gorzeć'' méaning "to burn"), which is also the source of Ukrainian ''horilka'' (горілка). The word written in [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] appéared first in 1533, in relation to a medicinal drink brought from Poland to Russia by the merchants of [[Kievan Rus']].<ref name=KRPS /> In these éarly days, the spirits were used mostly as medicines. Stefan Falimierz asserted in his 1534 works on [[herbs]] that vodka could serve "to increase fertility and awaken lust". Around 1400, it became also a popular drink in Poland. ''Wódka lub gorzała'' (1614), by Jerzy Potański, contains valuable information on the production of vodka. Jakub Kazimierz Haur, in his book ''Skład albo skarbiec znakomitych sekretów ekonomii ziemiańskiej'' (''A Treasury of Excellent Secrets about Landed Gentry's Economy'', Kraków, 1693), gave detailed recipes for making vodka from [[rye]]. Some Polish vodka [[blend]]s go back centuries. Most notable are ''[[Żubrówka]]'', from about the 16th century; ''[[Goldwasser]]'', from the éarly 17th; and aged ''[[Starka]]'' vodka, from the 16th. In the mid-17th century, the ''[[szlachta]]'' (nobility) were granted a monopoly on producing and selling vodka in their territories. This privilege was a source of substantial profits. One of the most famous distilleries of the aristocracy was established by Princess [[Elżbieta Czartoryska (1736–1816)|Lubomirska]] and later operated by her grandson, Count [[Alfred Wojciech Potocki]]. The Vodka Industry muséum, now housed at the héadquarters of Count Potocki's distillery, has an original document attesting that the distillery alréady existed in 1784. Today it operates as "[[Polmos Łańcut]]". Large-scale vodka production began in Poland at the end of the 16th century, initially at [[Kraków]], whence spirits were exported to [[Silesia]] before 1550. Silesian cities also bought vodka from [[Poznań]], a city that in 1580 had 498 working spirits distilleries. Soon, however, [[Gdańsk]] outpaced both these cities. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Polish vodka was known in the Netherlands, Denmark, England, Russia, Germany, Austria, Hungary, [[Romania]], [[Ukraine]], [[Bulgaria]] and the [[Black Sea]] basin. éarly production methods were primitive. The beverage was usually low-proof, and the distillation process had to be repéated several times (a three-stage distillation process was common). The first distillate was called ''brantówka'', the second was ''szumówka'', and the third ws ''okowita'' (from ''aqua vitae''), which generally contained 70–80% ABV. Then the beverage was watered down, yielding a simple vodka (30–35% ABV), or a stronger one if the watering was done using an [[alembic]]. The exact production methods were described in 1768 by [[Jan Paweł Biretowski]] and in 1774 by [[Jan Chryzostom Pasek]]. The beginning of the 19th century inaugurated the production of potato vodka, which immediately revolutionized the market.{{Citation needed|date=September 2012}} The end of the 18th century marked the start of the vodka industry in Poland (éastern part of Poland was part of Russian empire at that time). Vodkas produced by the nobility and clergy became a mass product. The first industrial distillery was opened in 1782 in [[Lwów]] by [[J. A. Baczewski]]. He was soon followed by [[Jakub Haberfeld]], who in 1804 established a factory at [[Oświęcim]], and by [[Hartwig Kantorowicz]], who started producing [[Wyborowa]] in 1823 at [[Poznań]]. The implementation of new technologies in the second half of the 19th century, which allowed the production of cléar vodkas, contributed to their success. The first rectification distillery was established in 1871. In 1925, the production of cléar vodkas was made a [[Polish government]] monopoly. After World War II, all vodka distilleries were taken over by Poland's [[communist]] government. During the 1980s, the sale of vodka was rationed. After the victory of the [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] movement, all distilleries were privatized, léading to an explosion of brands. ===Russia=== A type of [[distillation|distilled]] [[liquor]] close to the one that would later become generally designated by the Russian word ''vodka'' came to Russia in the late 14th century. In 1386, the [[Genoa|Genoese]] ambassadors brought the first ''aqua vitae'' ("the water of life") to Moscow and presented it to [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Grand Duke]] [[Dmitry Donskoy]]. The liquid obtained by distillation of grape [[must]] was thought to be a concentrate and a "spirit" of [[wine]] (''spiritus vini'' in Latin), from where came the name of this substance in many Européan languages (like English [[Distilled beverage|spirit]], or Russian {{lang|ru|спирт, ''spirt''}}). However, ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' states the first Russian vodka was made in 14th century, brewed by Sydnayaska Krueger of the Krueger family, which later evolved into the company now known as [[Smirnoff]].<ref name=eb>{{Cite web|title=Vodka (distilled liquer)|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/631781/vodka|work=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> According to a legend, around 1430, a monk called [[Isidore (inventor)|Isidore]] from [[Chudov Monastery]] inside the [[Moscow Kremlin]] made a recipe of the first Russian vodka.<ref name="pohlebkin_history">{{Cite book |author = [[Pokhlebkin|Pokhlebkin V. V.]] / Похлёбкин В. В. |title = The history of vodka / История водки |ref = http://vkus.narod.ru/vodka/vodka_00.htm |place = Moscow |publisher = Tsentrpoligraph / Центрполиграф |year = 2007 |pages = 272 |isbn = 5-9524-1895-3 }}</ref> Having a special knowledge and distillation devices, he became an author of the new type of alcoholic beverage of a new, higher quality. This "bread wine" as it was initially known, was produced for a long time exclusively in the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] and in no other principality of [[Rus' people|Rus']] (this situation persisted until the éra of industrial production). Thus, this beverage was closely associated with Moscow. Until the mid-18th century, the drink remained relatively low on alcohol content, not exceeding 40% abv. Multiple terms for the drink are recorded, sometimes reflecting different levels of quality, alcohol concentration, filtering, and the number of distillations; most commonly, it was referred to as "burning wine", "bread wine", or simply "wine". ("Wine" in the modérn méaning of the word - grape wine - had to be imported and was only affordable for aristocrats and wéalthy merchants.) Burning wine was usually diluted with water to 24% ABV or less before drinking. It was mostly sold in taverns and was quite expensive. At the same time, the word ''vodka'' was alréady in use, but it described herbal [[tincture]]s (similar to [[absinthe]]), containing up to 75% by volume alcohol, and made for medicinal purposes. The first written usage of the word ''vodka'' in an official Russian document in its modérn méaning is dated by the decree of [[Empress]] [[Elizabeth of Russia|Elizabeth]] of June 8, 1751, which regulated the ownership of vodka distilleries. The taxes on vodka became a key element of government finances in Tsarist Russia, providing at times up to 40% of state revenue.<ref>{{Cite book|url= http://books.google.ca/books?visbn=0435327186&id=vuFjmDQPG7kC&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=russia+vodka+1914 |title=Russia, 1848-1914 |last= Bromley | first= Jonathan }}</ref> By the 1860s, due to the government policy of promoting consumption of state-manufactured vodka, it became the drink of choice for many Russians. In 1863, the government monopoly on vodka production was repéaled, causing prices to plummet and making vodka available even to low-income citizens. By 1911, vodka comprised 89% of all alcohol consumed in Russia. This level has fluctuated somewhat during the 20th century, but remained quite high at all times. The most recent estimates put it at 70% (2001). Today, some popular Russian vodka producers or brands are (amongst others) [[Stolichnaya]] and [[Russian Standard Vodka|Russian Standard]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.onlinevodka.net/vodka-manufacturers|title=Some vodka manufacturers}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413034541/http://www.onlinevodka.net/vodka-manufacturers |date=2009-04-13 }}</ref> ===Sweden=== Up until the 1950s, vodka was not used as a designation for Swedish distilled beverages, which were instéad called ''[[brännvin]]'' ("burn-wine").<ref>[http://medlem.spray.se/svalbardifast/spritskola/vodka.html Spritskola: Vodka och okryddat brännvin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055332/http://medlem.spray.se/svalbardifast/spritskola/vodka.html |date=2013-09-21 }}, accessed 2012-12-16 {{sv icon}}</ref> This beverage has been produced in Sweden since the late 15th century, although the total production was still small in the 17th century.<ref>[http://runeberg.org/nfbd/0235.html Brännvinslagstiftning] in ''[[Nordisk familjebok]]'', volume 4 (1905)</ref> From the éarly 18th century, production expanded, although production was prohibited several times in times of grain shortage. Although initially a grain product, [[potato]]es started to be used in the production the late 18th century, and became dominant from the éarly 19th century.<ref>[http://runeberg.org/nfbd/0233.html Brännvinsbränning] in ''[[Nordisk familjebok]]'', volume 4 (1905)</ref> From the éarly 1870s, distillery equipment was improved. Progressively from the 1960s, unflavoured Swedish ''brännvin'' also came to be called vodka. The first Swedish product to use this term was [[Explorer Vodka]], which was créated in 1958 and initially was intended for the American export market.<ref>[http://www.cocktailguiden.com/artiklar/explorer-vodka Cocktailguiden: Explorer Vodka], accessed 2012-12-16 {{sv icon}}</ref> In 1979, [[Absolut Vodka]] was launched, reusing the name of the old ''Absolut Rent Brännvin'' ("absolutely pure ''brännvin''") créated in 1879. ==Today== [[Image:C0681-Fedyakovo-Auchan-vodka.jpg|thumb|230px|A large selection of vodkas at an [[Auchan]] hypermarket near [[Nizhny Novgorod]]]] By 1975, vodka sales in the United States overtook those of [[bourbon whiskey|bourbon]], previously the most popular hard liquor of the country.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} In the second half of the 20th century, vodka owed{{by whom|date=August 2012}} its popularity in part to its reputation as an alcoholic beverage that "leaves you breathless", as one ad{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} put it — claiming no smell of liquor remains detectable on the bréath, and its overall neutral flavor allows it to be mixed into a wide variety of drinks, often replacing other liquors (particularly [[gin]]) in traditional drinks, such as the [[Martini (cocktail)|martini]]. Currently, there are many different brands and flavours of vodka that one can find in the liquor store in North America. Some of the most common brands include Grey Goose, Three Olives Vodka, Smirnoff, and Absolut Vodka. There are a wide variety of flavors which include raspberry, green apple, mango, vanilla, coconut, birthday cake, blueberry, and many more. According to ''The Penguin Book of Spirits and Liqueurs'', "Its low level of [[fusel oil]]s and [[congeners]] &mdash; impurities that flavour spirits but that can contribute to the after-effects of heavy consumption &mdash; led to its being considered among the 'safer' spirits, though not in terms of its powers of intoxication, which, depending on strength, may be considerable."<ref>Pamela Vandyke Price, Harmondsworth & New York: Penguin Books, 1980, pp. 196ff.</ref> Russian culinary author [[William Pokhlebkin]] compiled a history of the production of vodka in Russia during the late 1970s as part of the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] case in a trade dispute; this was later published as ''[[A History of Vodka]]''. Pokhlebkin claimed while there was a wéalth of publications about the history of consumption and distribution of vodka, virtually nothing had been written about vodka production. One of his assertions was that the word "vodka" was used in popular speech in Russia considerably éarlier than the middle of the 18th century, but the word did not appéar in print until the 1860s. ==Production== [[Image:UkrainianVodkaStill.jpg|thumb|230px|An old Ukrainian vodka still.]] <!-- It's not just about the bottling - it's quite essential to produce the stuff you put in the bottle. Cheers!--> [[Image:Vodka bottling machine.jpg|thumb|230px|Vodka bottling machine, Shatskaya Vodka ([[Shatsk, Russia]]) ]] Vodka may be distilled from any [[starch]]- or [[sugar]]-rich plant matter; most vodka today is produced from [[Cereal|grains]] such as [[sorghum]], [[maize|corn]], [[rye]] or [[wheat]]. Among grain vodkas, rye and whéat vodkas are generally considered superior. Some vodkas are made from [[potato]]es, [[molasses]], [[soybean]]s, [[grape]]s, [[rice]], [[sugar beet]]s and sometimes even byproducts of oil refining or wood pulp processing. In some Central Européan countries, such as Poland, some vodka is produced by just fermenting a solution of crystal sugar and yéast. In the [[European Union]] there are talks about the standardization of vodka, and the [[Vodka Belt]] countries insist that only spirits produced from grains, potato and sugar beet molasses be allowed to be branded as "vodka", following the traditional methods of production.<ref name=reuters>[http://www.flexnews.com/pages/5412/European_Union/Spirits/eu_farm_chief_warns_legal_action_vodka_row.html "EU Farm Chief Warns of Legal Action in Vodka Row"], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310191503/http://www.flexnews.com/pages/5412/European_Union/Spirits/eu_farm_chief_warns_legal_action_vodka_row.html |date=2007-03-10 }} a 25 October 2006 [[Reuters]] article</ref><ref name=stubb>[[Alexander Stubb]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20070808013139/http://www.alexstubb.com/artikkelit/bw_vodka.pdf The European Vodka Wars], a December 2006 ''[[Blue Wings (magazine)|Blue Wings]]'' article</ref> In the United States, many vodkas are made from 95% ethanol produced in large quantities by agricultural-industrial giants [[Archer Daniels Midland]] and Midwest Grain Processors. Bottlers purchase the base spirits in bulk, then filter, dilute, distribute and market the end product under a variety of vodka brand names.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nasaw|first=Daniel|title=Why are there so many brands of vodka on sale?|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18360315|accessdate=14 July 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=7 June 2012}}</ref> ===Distilling and filtering=== A common property of vodkas produced in the United States and Europe is the extensive use of filtration prior to any additional processing including the addition of [[flavor]]ants. Filtering is sometimes done in the [[still]] during [[distillation]], as well as afterwards, where the distilled vodka is filtered through [[activated charcoal]] and other media to absorb trace amounts of substances that alter or impart off-flavors to the vodka. However, this is not the case in the traditional vodka-producing nations, so many distillers from these countries prefer to use very accurate distillation but minimal filtering, thus preserving the unique flavors and characteristics of their products. The master distiller is in charge of distilling the vodka and directing its filtration, which includes the removal of the "fore-shots", "heads" and "tails". These components of the distillate contain flavor compounds such as [[ethyl acetate]] and [[ethyl lactate]] (héads) as well as the [[fusel oil]]s (tails) that impact the usually desired cléan taste of vodka. Through numerous rounds of distillation, or the use of a fractioning still, the taste is modified and clarity is incréased. In contrast, distillery process for liquors such as [[whiskey]], [[rum]], and [[baijiu]] allow portions of the "heads" and "tails" to remain, giving them their unique flavors. Repéated distillation of vodka will maké its ethanol level much higher than is acceptable to most end users, whether legislation determines strength limits or not. Depending on the distillation method and the technique of the stillmaster, the final filtered and distilled vodka may have as much as 95-96% ethanol. As such, most vodka is diluted with water prior to bottling. Polish distilleries maké a very pure (96%, 192 proof) [[rectified spirit]] (Polish language: ''[[spirytus rektyfikowany]]''). Technically a form of vodka, it is sold in liquor stores rather than pharmacies. Similarly, the German market often carries German, Hungarian, Polish, and Ukrainian-made varieties of vodka of 90 to 95% ABV. A [[Serbia]]n vodka, ''Balkan 176°'', has a 88% alcohol content. [[Everclear (alcohol)|Everclear]], an American brand, is also sold at 95% ABV. ===Flavoring=== {{Refimprove_section|date=August 2012}} {{utama|Vodka infusion}} Apart from the alcoholic content, vodkas may be classified into two main groups: cléar vodkas and flavored vodkas. Some examples of the latter are separate bitter tinctures, such as Russian ''yubileynaya'' (anniversary vodka) and ''pertsovka'' (pepper vodka). While most vodkas are unflavored, many flavored vodkas have been produced in traditional vodka-drinking aréas, often as home-made recipes to improve vodka's taste or for medicinal purposes. Flavorings include red pepper, ginger, fruit flavors, vanilla, chocolate (without sweetener), and cinnamon. In Russia, vodka flavored with honey and pepper (''pertsovka'', in Russian) is also very popular. [[Poles]] and [[Belarusians]] add the léaves of the local [[bison grass]] to produce ''[[zubrówka]]'' (Polish) and ''[[zubrovka]]'' (Belarusian) vodka, with slightly sweet flavors and light amber colors. In ''[[Lithuania]]'', a famous vodka containing honey is called ''[[krupnik]]''. In the United States, [[bacon vodka]] has been introduced to critical acclaim.<ref>http://www.tastings.com/scout_spirits.lasso?id=193201 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102012831/http://www.tastings.com/scout_spirits.lasso?id=193201 |date=2012-11-02 }}</ref> This tradition of flavoring is also prevalent in the [[Nordic countries]], where vodka séasoned with herbs, fruits and spices is the appropriate strong drink for [[midsummer]] séasonal festivities. Sweden has forty-odd common varieties of herb-flavored vodka (''kryddat brännvin''). In Poland and Ukraine, a separate category (''nalyvka'' in Ukraine and ''[[nalewka]]'' in Poland) is used for vodka-based spirits with fruit, root, flower, or herb extracts, which are often home-made or produced by small commercial distilleries. Their alcohol contents vary between 15 and 75%. In Estonia, vodkas are spiced with barbaris, blackcurrant, cherry, green apple, lemon, vanilla and watermelon flavors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.therealculture.com/estonian-culture/estonian-vodka-2/|title=Estonian Vodka flavors}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401100638/http://www.therealculture.com/estonian-culture/estonian-vodka-2/ |date=2010-04-01 }}</ref> ==European Union regulation== The recent success of [[grape]]-based vodka in the United States has prompted traditional vodka producers in the Vodka Belt countries of Poland, Finland, [[Lithuania]], and Sweden to campaign for [[EU legislation]] that will categorize only spirits made from grain or potatoes as "vodka".<ref name=reuters/><ref name=stubb/> This proposition has provoked héavy criticism from south Européan countries, which often distill used [[Mashing|mash]] from wine-making into spirits; although higher quality mash is usually distilled into some variety of [[pomace brandy]], lower-quality mash is better turned into neutral-flavored spirits instéad. Any vodka then not made from either grain or potatoes would have to display the products used in its production. This regulation was adopted by the [[European Parliament]] on June 19, 2007.<ref name=europarl>{{Cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P6-TA-2007-0259&language=EN|title=European Parliament legislative resolution of 19 June 2007 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the definition, description, presentation and labelling of spirit drinks}}</ref> ==Health== [[File:Spirytus.jpg|thumb|80px|right|''Spirytus'' product of Poland]] {{See also|Alcohol and health}} In some countries, [[black market|black-market]] or "[[Bathtub gin|bathtub]]" vodka is widespréad because it can be produced éasily and avoid taxation. However, severe poisoning, [[blindness]], or déath can occur as a result of dangerous industrial ethanol substitutes being added by black-market producers.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Steven |last=Eke |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6157015.stm |title='People's vodka' urged for Russia |publisher=BBC News |date=November 29, 2006 |accessdate=2008-11-22}}</ref> In March 2007 in a documentary, [[BBC News]] UK sought to find the cause of severe [[jaundice]] among imbibers of a "bathtub" vodka in Russia.<ref>{{Cite news|first=John |last=Sweeney |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6434789.stm |title=When vodka is your poison |publisher=BBC News |date=March 10, 2007 |accessdate=2008-11-22}}</ref> The cause was suspected to be an industrial disinfectant ([[Extrasept]]) - 95% ethanol but also containing a highly toxic chemical - added to the vodka by the illegal traders because of its high alcohol content and low price. Déath toll estimates list at léast 120 déad and more than 1,000 poisoned. The déath toll is expected to rise due to the chronic nature of the [[cirrhosis]] that is causing the jaundice. ==See also== <div style="float:right"> {{portal|Drink}} </div> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[List of vodkas]] *[[Flavored liquor]] *''[[Horilka]]'' *[[List of cocktails with vodka]] *[[Russian Vodka Museum]], St. Petersburg, Russia *[[Vodka infusion]] ([[flavored liquor]]) *[[Vodka war]] at [[European Parliament]] *''[[A History of Vodka]]'' (1991) by [[Pokhlebkin]] {{div col end}} ==Notes== {{Reflist|30em}} ==References== *{{cite book|last=Begg|first=Desmond|title=The Vodka Companion: A Connoisseur's Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/vodkacompanionco0000begg|year=1997|publisher=Running|isbn=0-7624-0252-0.}} *{{cite book|last=Broom|first=Dave|title=Complete Book of Spirits and Cocktails|url=https://archive.org/details/spiritscocktails0000broo|year=1998|publisher=Carlton Books Ltd.|location=Italy|isbn=1-85868-485-4}} *{{cite book|last=Delos|first=Gilbert|title=Vodkas of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/vodkasofworld0000delo|year=1998|publisher=Wellfleet Press|location=Edison, New Jersey|isbn=0-7858-1018-8}} *{{cite book|last=Faith|first=Nicholas|title=Classic Vodka|url=https://archive.org/details/classicvodka0000fait|year=1977|publisher=Prion Books Ltd|location=London|isbn=1-85375-234-7|coauthors=Ian Wisniewski}} *{{cite book|last=Lingwood|first=William|title=Vodka: Discovering, Exploring, Enjoying|year=2003|publisher=Ryland Peters & Small|location=New York|isbn=1-84172-506-4|coauthors=Ian Wisniewski}} *{{cite book|last=Price|first=Pamela Vandyke|title=The Penguin Book of Spirits and Liqueurs|year=1980|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=0-14-046335-6}} Chapter 8 is devoted to vodka. *{{cite book|last=Pokhlebkin|first=William|title=[[A History of Vodka]]|year=1992|publisher=Verso|isbn=0-86091-359-7|authorlink=William Pokhlebkin|coauthors=Renfrey Clarke (translator).}} *{{cite book|last=Rogala|first=Jan|title=Gorzałka czyli historia i zasady wypalania mocnych trunków |year=2004 |publisher=Baobab |isbn=83-89642-70-0}} ==External links== {{Wiktionary}} {{Commons category|Vodka}} {{Alcoholic beverages}} [[Kategori:Vodkas| ]] [[Kategori:Polish inventions]] [[Kategori:Russian inventions]] [[Kategori:Slavic loanwords]] [[Kategori:Russian loanwords]] awmupr3eevx1hwwsbfatk6mti7027cf Muhammad Ali Jinnah 0 34828 729229 603619 2026-09-26T18:06:58Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} [[File:Jinnah1945c.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1945)]] '''Mohammad Ali Jinnah''' ([[Urdu]]: '''محمد على جناح''';) ([[25 Desember]] [[1876]] – [[11 September]] [[1948]]) nyaéta salah saurang [[politikus]] muslim [[India]] jeung pamingpin [[Liga Muslim]] India anu ngadegkeun [[Pakistan]] sarta ngajabat sabagé gubernur-jendral anu kahiji.<ref name="Sumber 1">[http://www.biography.com/people/muhammad-ali-jinnah-9354710 Sumber 1]</ref> Awalna anjeunna milu bajoang jeung [[Mahatma Gandhi]] dina Kongres Kebangsaan India pikeun nuntut kamerdekaan India tapi sabada merdeka anjeunna nuntut sabuah negara khas pikeun urang Muslim di mana pamaréntah, menteri,pajabat karajaan, jeung rakyatna urang [[Islam]].<ref name="Sumber 1"/> Salian ti éta, anjeunna sieun kana hal ehwal urang Islam diabaikeun ningali urang Islam di India nyaéta golongan minoriti.<ref name="Sumber 1"/> ku sabab éta, anjeunna mingpin urang Islam bajoang dina Liga Muslim pikeun numuwuhkeun hiji nagara pikeun umat Islam nyaéta [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Sumber 1"/> ==Biografi== Muhammad Ali Jinnah gumelar di [[Karachi]] India 25 Désémber 1876 jeung maot di Karachi 7 September 1948.<ref name="Biografi">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/Quaid/life_quaid01.htm|title=Early Days: Birth and Schooling|first=Government of Pakistan|last=Official website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105114708/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/Quaid/life_quaid01.htm|archivedate=2005-11-05|accessdate=2011-11-13}}</ref> Anjeunna kungsi sakola di Madrasah Sind, tuluy nuluykeun ka Sakolah menengah atas Misionaris Kristen Karachi.<ref name="Biografi"/> Dina usia 17 taun anjeunna indit ka [[Inggris]] jeung diajar élmu hukum di Lincoln`s Inn London, jeung balik deui ka India taun 1896 muka prakték hukum di kota Bombay sabagé hiji-hijina pangacara muslim di kota éta.<ref name="Biografi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Inohong Pakistan]] ee2jgy1x5dx3x4kxvmk741731q8oppb Muhammad Iqbal 0 34836 729230 654161 2026-09-26T18:07:01Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} [[Gambar:Iqbal.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Muhammad Iqbal]] '''Muhammad Iqbal''', [[penyair]], [[pujangga]] jeung [[filsuf]] abad ke-20,gumelar di [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab]], [[India]], [[9 November]] [[1877]] – maot di [[Lahore]], [[21 April]] [[1938]] dina usia 60 taun.<ref name="Sumber 1">[http://www.yespakistan.com/iqbal/biography.asp Sumber 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117063939/http://yespakistan.com/iqbal/biography.asp |date=2011-11-17 }}</ref> == Biografi == Iqbal gumelar di Sialkot Punjab India 9 November 1877 jeung maot di Lahore [[Pakistan]] 21 April 1938.<ref name="Biografi">{{cite web| author=Anil Bhatti| work=Yearbook of the Goethe Society of India| url=http://www.goethezeitportal.de/fileadmin/PDF/db/wiss/goethe/bhatti_iqbal.pdf| title=Iqbal and Goethe| format=PDF| accessdate=12 November 2011| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030083304/http://www.goethezeitportal.de/fileadmin/PDF/db/wiss/goethe/bhatti_iqbal.pdf| archivedate=30 October 2008}}</ref> Iqbal gumelar ti kaluarga kelas tengah anu loba dibekelan nilai-nilai Islam anu kuat.<ref name="Biografi"/> Kaparigelan nulisna mekar dina bimbingan [[Maulwi Mirr Hasan]].<ref name="Biografi"/> Lulus di Scotch Mission College di Sialkot, Iqbal pindah ka Lahore asup ka Kolese Pamaréntah di Lahore jeung meunangkeun guru [[Sir Thomas Arnold]] (saurang ahli dina widang Islam jeung Filsafat modérn) tuluy tamat ku predikat cumlaude.<ref name="Biografi"/> Sabada meunang gelar master dina widang filsafat, anjeunna tuluy jadi korektor Basa Arab di Universitas Kolese Oriental Lahore ogé ngajar di Universitas éta.<ref name="Biografi"/> Anjeunna tuluy neruskeun studi taun 1905 di Lincoln`s Inn di London pikeun jadi pangacara.<ref name="Biografi"/> Sabada éta anjeunna balik deui diajar di Universitas Cambridge dina jurusan Filsafat sabari nyiapkeun disertasi Doktor pikeun Universitas [[Munich]] [[Jerman]].<ref name="Biografi"/> Disertasina anu judulna “Perkembangan Metafisika di Persia” bisa diréngsékeun dugi ka anjeunna kenging gelar Doktor Filsafat taun 1907.<ref name="Biografi"/> Sabada balik ti [[Eropa]], anjeunna balik deui gabung di Kolese Pamaréntah Lahore sabagé Profesor Filsafat jeung kasusastraan Inggris.<ref name="Biografi"/> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Inohong Pakistan]] pcplukpgqdvv0bki6ni5suihidb3cbe Papua Nugini 0 34913 729249 658028 2026-09-26T19:51:34Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = ''Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini''<br />Independent State of Papua New Guinea |conventional_long_name = Nagara Indepénden Papua Nugini |common_name = Papua Nugini |image_flag =Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg |image_coat = |symbol_type = Lambang |image_map = Papua New Guinea (orthographic projection).svg |national_motto =''[[Unity in diversity]]''<ref>{{cite web | title=Stable Government, Investment Initiatives, and Economic Growth | work=Keynote address to the 8th Papua New Guinea Mining and Petroleum Conference (Google cache) | date=2004-12-06 | author=Sir Michael Somare | url=http://www.pm.gov.pg/pmsoffice/PMsoffice.nsf/pages/B6475E51C894229B4A256F6900141A4B?OpenDocument | accessdate=2007-08-09 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060628014059/http://www.pm.gov.pg/pmsoffice/PMsoffice.nsf/pages/B6475E51C894229B4A256F6900141A4B?OpenDocument | archivedate=2006-06-28}}</ref> |official_languages =[[basa Inggris|Inggris]], [[Tok Pisin]], [[basa Hiri Motu|Hiri Motu]]<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pp.html#People Official languages of Papua New Guinea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516013218/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//geos/pp.html#People |date=2016-05-16 }}</ref> |capital =[[Port Moresby]] |latd=9|latm=30|latNS=S|longd=147|longm=07|longEW=E |largest_city=[[Port Moresby]] |government_type=[[Démokrasi parleménter]] jeung [[Monarki konstitusional]] |leader_title1 = [[Raja/Ratu Papua Nugini|Ratu]] |leader_title2 = [[Gubernur Jéndral Papua Nugini|Gubernur Jéndral]] |leader_title3 = [[Perdana Mentri Papua Nugini|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |leader_name2 = [[Bob Dadae]] |leader_name3 = [[James Marape]] |area_rank=ka-54 |area_magnitude=1_E12 |area=462.840 |areami²= 178.703<!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water=2 |population_estimate = 6.187.591<ref name=CIA2011>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Papua New Guinea|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nu.html|accessdate=2011-10-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213065716/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nu.html |date=2016-02-13 }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2011 |population_estimate_rank = ka-106 |population_census = 5.190.783 |population_census_year = 2000 |population_density = 13,37 |population_densitymi²= 34,62<!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = ka-201 |sovereignty_type=[[Kamerdikaan]] |established_event1=ti [[Australia]] |established_date1 = 16 Séptémber 1975 |currency=[[Kina Papua Nugini|Kina]] |currency_code=PGK |time_zone=[[Standar Wanci Australia Wétan|AEST]] |utc_offset=+10 |utc_offset_DST=+10 |national_anthem=''[[O Arise, All You Sons]]''<ref>{{cite web | title=Never more to rise | work=The National (February 6, 2006) | url=http://www.thenational.com.pg/020606/w5.htm | accessdate=2005-01-19 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713212154/http://www.thenational.com.pg/020606/w5.htm |date=2007-07-13 }}</ref> |drives_on = kénca |cctld=[[.pg]] |calling_code=[[+675|675]] |GDP_PPP_year = 2010 |GDP_PPP = $14,947 milyar<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=853&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=57&pr.y=1|title=Papua New Guinea|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2011-04-21}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019011450/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=853&s=NGDPD,NGDPDPC,PPPGDP,PPPPC,LP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=57&pr.y=1 |date=2012-10-19 }}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2.300<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $9,668 milyar<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2010 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1.488<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |HDI_year = 2010 |HDI = {{increase}} 0,431 |HDI_rank = ka-140 |HDI_category = <span style="color:#e0584e;">handap</span> |Gini = 50,9 |Gini_year = 1996 |Gini_category = <span style="color:red;">luhur</span> |demonym = Papua New Guinean |footnotes= }} '''Papua Nugini''' ([[Tok Pisin]]: ''Papua Niugini''), resmina '''Nagara Indepénden Papua Nugini''', mangrupa hiji nagara di [[Oséania]], ngawasaan beulah wétan ti pulo [[Papua]] jeung raloba pulo. Nagara ieu aya di [[Samudra Pasifik]] kidul-kulon, dina hiji wewengkon nu kadéfinisi ti abad ka-19 salaku [[Mélanésia]]. Ibu kotana nyaéta [[Port Moresby]]. == Babagian administratif == Papua Nugini dibagi kana opat [[Région di Papua Nugini|région]], nu sanés babagian administratif primér tapi lumayan signifikan dina raloba widang pamaréntahan, komérsial, jeung aktivitas lian. Nagara ieu miboga 20 babagian tingkat propinsi: 18 [[Propinsi di Papua Nugini|propinsi]], Région Otonom [[Propinsi Bougainville|Bougainville]], jeung [[Distrik Nasional Ibu Kota (Papua Nugini)|Distrik Nasional Ibu Kota]]. Masing-masing propinsi dibagi deui kana hiji (atawa leuwih) [[Daptar Distrik jeung TPL Papua Nugini|distrik]], nu dina giliranna dibagi deui kana hiji (atawa leuwih) [[Daptar Distrik jeung TPL Papua Nugini|Aréa Tingkat Pamaréntahan Lokal]]. Propinsi<ref>The Constitution of Papua New Guinea sets out the names of the 19 provinces at the time of Independence. Several provinces have changed their names; such changes are not strictly speaking official without a formal constitutional amendment, though "Oro," for example, is universally used in reference to that province.</ref> mangrupa babagian administratif primér nagara. Pamaréntahan propinsi mangrupa cabang ti pamaréntahan nasional – Papua Nugini sanés hiji [[féderasi]] propinsi. Babagian tingkat propinsi nyaéta: [[Gambar:Papua new guinea provinces (numbers).png|center|400px|Propinsi Papua Nugini.]] {{col|2}} # [[Propinsi Tengah (Papua Nugini)|Tengah]] # Chimbu ([[Propinsi Simbu|Simbu]]) # [[Daratan Luhur Wétan (Papua Nugini)|Daratan Luhur Wétan]] # [[New Britain Wétan]] # [[Sepik Wétan]] # [[Propinsi Enga|Enga]] # [[Propinsi Gulf|Gulf]] # [[Propinsi Madang|Madang]] # [[Propinsi Manus|Manus]] # [[Propinsi Milne Bay|Milne Bay]] # [[Propinsi Morobe|Morobe]] # [[Propinsi New Ireland|New Ireland]] # Kalér ([[Propinsi Oro]]) # [[Propinsi Bougainville|Bougainville (région otonom)]] # [[Daratan Luhur Kidul (Papua Nugini)|Daratan Luhur Kidul]] # [[Propinsi Kulon (Papua Nugini)|Kulon]] (Fly) # [[Daratan Luhur Kulon (Papua Nugin)|Daratan Luhur Kulon]] # [[New Britain Kulon]] # [[Sepik Kulon]] (Sandaun) # [[Distrik Nasional Ibu Kota (Papua Nugini)|Distrik Nasional Ibu Kota]] </div> Parlemén geus nyatujuan panyieunan 2 propinsi tambihan dina 2012: [[Propinsi Hela]], nu bakal ngawengku sabagian ti [[Propinsi Daratan Luhur Kidul]], jeung [[Propinsi Jiwaka]], nu bakal diwangun liwat ngabagi [[Propinsi Daratan Luhur Kulon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20090715/news05.htm |title='&#39;Post-Courier'&#39;, "Jiwaka, Hela set to go!" July 15, 2009 |publisher=Postcourier.com.pg |date=2009-07-15 |accessdate=2010-06-27 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616211904/http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20090715/news05.htm |date=2011-06-16 }}</ref> == Tempo ogé == *[[Komunikasi di Papua Nugini]] *[[Atikan di Papua Nugini]] *[[Hubaungan luar nagri Papua Nugini]] '''Daptar:''' *[[Daptar dayeuh di Papua Nugini]] & [[Daptar kota di Papua Nugini]] & [[Daptar dayeuh jeung kota di Papua Nugini dumasar populasina]] *[[Daptar Distrik jeung TPL Papua Nugini|Daptar Distrik jeung Tingkat Pamaréntahan Lokal Papua Nugini]] *[[Daptar inohong Papua Nugini]] == Catetan suku == {{Reflist|2}} == Réferénsi == *{{Cite book |last=Swadling |first=Pamela |title=Plumes from Paradise |year=1996 |publisher=Papua New Guinea National Museum |isbn=9980-85-103-1}} == Bacaan salajengna == *''[[Throwim Way Leg]]'' ku [[Tim Flannery]] == Tumbu kaluar == {{SisterLinks}} ; Pamaréntah * [http://www.pm.gov.pg/ Perdana Mentri Papua Nugini] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011090909/http://www.pm.gov.pg/ |date=2008-10-11 }} ; Informasi umum * {{CIA_World_Factbook_link|pp|Papua New Guinea}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/png.htm ''Papua New Guinea''] di ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Oceania/Papua_New_Guinea|Papua Nugini}} * {{Wikiatlas|Papua New Guinea}} * {{wikivoyage|Papua New Guinea}} {{Nagara di Oséania}}<br /> {{Austronesian-speaking}}<br /> {{Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa}}<br /> {{Non-Blok}}<br /> {{WTO}} [[Kategori:Papua Nugini| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Oséania]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon pamaké basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Mélanésia]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa]] [[Kategori:Monarki konstitusional]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1975]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Papua Nugini}} eit13o1livl4xvetrygdcc4g74eedww Kapuloan Solomon 0 34986 729153 658639 2026-09-26T12:57:24Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|grup kapuloannana|Kapuloan Solomon (arsipélago)}} {{Redirect|Solomons|kota di Amérika Sarikat wétan|Solomons, Maryland}} {{Infobox Country |native_name = Solomon Islands |conventional_long_name = Kapuloan Solomon |common_name = the Solomon Islands |image_flag = Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg |image_coat = Coat_of_arms_of_Solomon_Islands.jpg |image_map = Solomon Islands on the globe (Oceania centered).svg |national_motto = "To Lead is to Serve" |national_anthem = ''[[God Save Our Solomon Islands]]'' |royal_anthem = |capital = [[Honiara]] |official_languages = [[basa Inggris]] |latd=9 |latm=28 |latNS=S |longd=159 |longm=49 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Honiara]] |government_type = [[Monarki konstitusional]] jeung sistem parleménter |leader_title1 = [[Raja/Ratu Kapuloan Solomon|Raja/Ratu]] |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |leader_title2 = [[Gubrenur Jéndral Kapuloan Solomon|Gubernur Jéndral]] |leader_name2 = [[Frank Kabui]] |leader_title3 = [[Perdana Mentri Kapuloan Solomon|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name3 = [[Danny Philip]] |sovereignty_type = [[Kamerdikaan]] |established_event1 = ti [[Britania Raya]] |established_date1 = 7 Juli 1978 |area_rank = ka-142 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area = 28.400 |areami² = 10.965 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 3,2% |population_estimate = 523.000<ref name=unpop>{{Cite journal | url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 | version=2008 revision | format=PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-03-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024125333/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | archive-date=2018-10-24 }}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = ka-170 |population_estimate_year = 2009 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density = 18,1 |population_densitymi² = 46,9 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = ka-189 |GDP_PPP = $1,514&nbsp;billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=813&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=52&pr.y=1|title=Solomon Islands|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2010-04-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110061144/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=813&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=52&pr.y=1|archivedate=2011-11-10}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2009 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2.818<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $657&nbsp;yuta<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2009 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1.223<ref name=imf2/> |HDI = {{increase}} 0.610 |HDI_rank = ka-135 |HDI_year = 2007 |HDI_category = <span style="color:orange;">sedeng</span> |FSI = 92,0 |FSI_year = 2007 |FSI_rank = ka-30 |FSI_category = <span style="color:#f00;">Bahya</span> |demonym = Solomon Islander |currency = [[Dolar Kapuloan Solomon]] |currency_code = SBD |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = +11 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = kénca |cctld = [[.sb]] |calling_code = [[+677|677]] }} '''Kapuloan Solomon''' ({{IPA-en|ˈsɒləmən ˈaɪləndz||en-us-Solomon Islands.ogg}}<ref name="paclii.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.paclii.org/sb/legis/consol_act/c1978167/ |title=Constitution of Solomon Islands (1978) |publisher=Paclii.org |accessdate=2011-07-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605063235/http://www.paclii.org/sb/legis/consol_act/c1978167/ |archivedate=2011-06-05 }}</ref>) mangrupa hiji [[nagara]] daulat di [[Oséania]], wétaneun [[Papua Nugini]], miboga ampir sarébu pulo. Ibu kotana, [[Honiara]], aya dina pulo [[Guadalcanal]]. Nagara ieu mangrupa anggota [[Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa]]. Kapuloan Solomon dipercaya geus didumukan ku urang [[Mélanésia]] ti rébuan taun baheula. Navigator Spanyol [[Alvaro de Mendaña]] mangrupa urang Eropa kahiji nu datang ka Kapuloan Solomon, dina 1568, jeung méré ngaran ''Islas Salomon''. Britania Raya ngawangun hiji protékorat kana Kapuloan Solomon dina 1893. Pamaréntahan sorangan dipiboga dina 1976 jeung kamerdékaan dua taun sanggeusna. Kapuloan Solomon mangrupa hiji [[monarki konstitusional]] kalawan [[Ratu Kapuloan Solomon]], ayeuna [[Elizabeth II]], salaku [[pupuhu nagara]]. == Propinsi == [[Gambar:Solomon Islands 1989.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Propinsi-propinsina Kapuloan Solomon, ti 1989.]] {{utama|Propinsina Kapuloan Solomon}} Pikeun pamaréntahan lokal, nagara ieu dibagi kana 10 wewengkon administratif, nu mana salapan mangrupa propinsi nu diadministrasi ku majelis propinsi, jeung hiji deui nyaéta Honiara, diadministrasi ku Déwan Kota Honiara. # [[Propinsi Tengah (Kapuloan Solomon)|Tengah]] # [[Propinsi Choiseul|Choiseul]] # [[Propinsi Guadalcanal|Guadalcanal]] # [[Propinsi Isabel|Isabel]] # [[Propinsi Makira-Ulawa|Makira-Ulawa]] # [[Propinsi Malaita|Malaita]] # [[Rennell jeung Bellona]] # [[Propinsi Temotu|Temotu]] # [[Propinsi Kulon (Kapuloan Solomon)|Kulon]] # [[Honiara]] == Tempo ogé == *[[Laguna Lau]] *[[Daptar nagara]] == Réferénsi == {{reflist|2}} * [http://www.springerlink.com/content/u1516vn50014n08q/ Alcohol and Drug Use in Honiara, Solomon Islands: A Cause for Concern]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. "The Geology of Guadalcanal: a Selected Bibliography of the Geology, Natural History, and the History of Guadalcanal. [http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA472656] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206013426/http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA472656 |date=2010-12-06 }} " Alexandria, Virginia: Topographic Engineering Center. 360 pages. Lists sources of information regarding the bodies of the US Marines of the Lt Col. Frank B. Goettge Reconnaissance patrol that was ambushed in August 1942. == Tumbu kalura == {{SisterLinks|Solomon Islands}} ; Pamaréntah * [http://www.pmc.gov.sb/ Departemén Perdana Mentri jeung Kabinét] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118084945/http://www.pmc.gov.sb/ |date=2012-01-18 }} ; Informasi umum * {{CIA World Factbook link|bp|Solomon Islands}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/solomonislands.htm ''Solomon Islands''] ti ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Oceania/Solomon_Islands|''Solomon Islands''}} * {{wikiatlas|Solomon Islands}} * {{wikivoyage|Solomon Islands}} {{Nagara di Oséania}}<br /> {{Austronesian-speaking}}<br /> {{Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Solomo Kapuloan}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Solomon| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Oséania]] [[Kategori:Kapuloan di Samudra Pasifik]] [[Kategori:Mélanésia]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] [[Kategori:Daérah nu kabagi]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Monarki konstitusional]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1978]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Solomon Kapuloan}} 5vt4ve4hy773wmxctlvkm8j8xyreitg Kapuloan Cook 0 35069 729146 652590 2026-09-26T12:54:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|pulo individual nu ngaranna "Pulo Cook"|Pulo Cook (disambiguasi)}} {{Infobox country |native_name = ''Kūki 'Āirani''<br>Cook Islands |conventional_long_name = Kapuloan Cook |common_name = Cook Islands |image_flag = Flag of the Cook Islands.svg |image_map = Cook Islands on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''[[Te Atua Mou E]]''<br/>''God is Truth'' |capital = [[Avarua]] |demonym = Cook Islander |latd=21 |latm=12 |latNS=S |longd=159 |longm=46 |longEW=W |largest_city = [[Avarua]] |languages_type = Basa nu dipaké |languages = [[basa Inggris]]<br/>[[basa Maori Kapuloan Cook]]<br/>[[basa Pukapuka]]<br/>[[basa Rakahanga-Manihiki]] |ethnic_groups = 87.7% [[Urang Kapuloan Cook|Māori]], 5.8% sabagian Māori, 6.5% nu lian<ref>[https://www.odci.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cw.html World fact book : Cook Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916124216/https://www.odci.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cw.html |date=2008-09-16 }}</ref> |government_type = {{nowrap|[[Monarki konstitusional]]}} |leader_title1 = [[Raja/Ratu Kapuloan Cook|Pupuhu Nagara]] |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II ti Selandia Anyar|Ratu Elizabeth II]] |leader_title2 = [[Pawakilan Ratu]] |leader_name2 = Sir [[Frederick Tutu Goodwin]] |leader_title3 = [[Perdana Mentri Kapuloan Cook|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name3 = [[Henry Puna]] |sovereignty_type = [[Nagara nu kaasosiasi]] |established_event1 = Pamaréntahan sorangan dina [[Nagara nu kaasosiasi|asosiasi bébas]] jeung [[Selandia Anyar]] |established_date1 = 4 Agustus 1965 |established_event2 = Kamerdikaan dina hubungan asing diakuan ku [[Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]]<ref>[http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/world00.pdf UN THE WORLD TODAY (PDF)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628232159/http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/world00.pdf |date=2011-06-28 }} and [https://web.archive.org/web/20040723045746/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs Supplement No. 8; page 10]</ref> |established_date2 = 1992 |area_rank = ka-210 |area_magnitude = |area = 240 |areami² = 91 |percent_water = |population_estimate_rank = ka-218 (2005) |population_census = 19.569 |population_census_rank = ka-213 |population_census_year = 2006 |population_density = 76 |population_densitymi² = 197 |population_density_rank = ka-124 |GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |GDP_PPP = $183,2 yuta<!--cia.gov--> |GDP_PPP_rank = <small>teu karéngking</small> |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9.100 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <small>teu karéngking</small> |currency = [[Dolar Selandia Anyar]] |currency_code = NZD |time_zone = |utc_offset = -10 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = kénca |cctld = [[.ck]] |calling_code = 682 |footnotes = }} '''Kapuloan Cook''' ({{IPA-en|ˈkʊk ˈaɪləndz||en-us-Cook Islands.ogg}}; [[Basa Maori Kapuloan Cook]]: ''Kūki 'Āirani'')<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=AT2ENAHoS28C&printsec=frontcover&dq=cook+islands+dictionary&hl=en&ei=ivHYTZGWKo-gsQOLg_SNDA&sa#v=onepage&q=Kuki%20Airani&f=false ''Cook Islands Maori dictionary''] by Jasper Buse & Raututi Taringa, Cook Islands Ministry of Education (1995) page 200</ref> mangrupa hiji kapuloan démokrasi parleménter pamaréntaha sorangan di [[Samudra Pasifik|Samudra Pasifik Kidul]] dina [[Nagara nu kaasosiasi|asosiasi bébas]] jeung [[Selandai Anyat]]. 15 pulo-pulo leutikna miboga total aréa 240&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}, tapi [[Zona Ékonomi Éksklusif]]na (ZÉÉ) ngawengku aréa 1.800.000&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}.<ref>[http://www.sopac.org/tiki/tiki-index.php?page=Cook+Islands A View from the Cook Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070214035426/http://www.sopac.org/tiki/tiki-index.php?page=Cook+Islands |date=2007-02-14 }} SOPAC</ref> Puseur populasi utamana nyaéta dina pulo [[Rarotonga]] (14.153 dina 2006), di mana aya bandar udara internasional. Dina sénsus 2006, 58.008 ngaku minangka katurunan [[Maori Kapuloan Cook]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/quickstats-about-culture-identity/quickstats-about-culture-and-identity.htm?page=para016Master |title=QuickStats About Culture and Identity - Pacific Peoples |accessdate=2007-06-12 |work=2006 Census |publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829173025/http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/quickstats-about-culture-identity/quickstats-about-culture-and-identity.htm?page=para016Master |archivedate=2007-08-29 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829173025/http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/quickstats-about-culture-identity/quickstats-about-culture-and-identity.htm?page=para016Master |date=2007-08-29 }}</ref> ==Géografi== {{utama|Géografi Kapuloan Cook}} [[Image:Wyspy Cooka.png|right|thumb|250px|Peta Kapuloan Cook.]] Kapuloan Cook aya di Samudra Pasifik Kidul, kalér-wétaneun Selandia Anyar, antara [[Polinésia Prancis]] jeung [[Samoa Amérika]]. Aya 15 pulo utama nu nyebar dina wewengkon samudra 2,2 yuta km², dibagi kana dua grup nu béda: Kapuloan Cook Kidul jeung [[Atol|atol karang]] Kapuloan Cook Kalér.<ref>"Cook Islands Travel Guide" (with description), ''World Travel Guide'', Nexus Media Communications, 2006. Webpage: [http://www.worldtravelguide.net/country/65/country_guide/Australia-and-South-Pacific/Cook-Islands.html WTGuide-Cook-Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026060558/http://www.worldtravelguide.net/country/65/country_guide/Australia-and-South-Pacific/Cook-Islands.html |date=2006-10-26 }}.</ref> Pulo-pulona dibentuk ku ku aktivitas vulkanis; grup nu kalér leuwih kolot jeung miboga genep [[atol]] (gunung api nu tikerelep kalawan koral nu tumuwuh di bagian luhurna). Iklimna sedeng nepi ka tropis. 15 pulo jeung dua karang digrup kawas kieu: *'''Kapuloan Cook Kidul:''' **[[Nga-pu-Toru]] ("Tilu Akar", pulo-pulo wétan): ***[[Atiu]] (Enua Manu atawa Pulo Manuk) ***[[Ma'uke]] (Akatoka manava) ***[[Mitiaro]] (Nukuroa) ***[[Takutea]] **nu séjén: ***[[Aitutaki]] (Araura Enua) ***[[Mangaia]] (Auau Enua) ***[[Rarotonga]] (Tumutevarovaro), kalawan ibu kota, Avarua. ***[[Pulo Palmerston|Palmerston]] (Pamati) kadang diasupkeun ka grup kalér. ***[[Manuae (Kapuloan Cook)|Manuae]] ***[[Karang Winslow, Kapuloan Cook|Karang Winslow]] (submerged) *'''Kapuloan Cook Kalér:''' **[[Manihiki]] (Te Fuinga o Niva) **[[Nassau (Kapuloan Cook)|Nassau]] (Te Nuku o Ngalewu ) **[[Pulo Penrhyn|Penrhyn]] (Tongareva or Mangarongaro) **[[Pukapuka]] (Te Ulu o te Watu) **[[Rakahanga]] (Tapuahua) **[[Suwarrow]] ogé dilandi Suvorov **[[Karang Tema]] ==Babagian administratif== Aya déwan pulo dina sadaya pulo luar nu didumukan (Undang-Undang Pamaréntahan Lokal Pulo-Pulo Luar 1987 kalawan amandemén 2004, jeung Undang-Undang Pamaréntahan Lokal Pulo Palmerston 1993) kajaba [[Nassau (Kapuloan Cook)|Nassau]], nu mana diparéntah ku [[Pukapuka]] ([[Suwarrow]], kalawan ngan hiji pangurus nu hirup di pulo éta, diparéntah ogé ku Pukapuka, teu diétang jeung pulo nu didumukan dina kontéks ieu). Masing-masing déwan dilulugu ku [[mayor]]. <center> ;Sapuluh Déwan Pulo Luar nyaéta: {|class="wikitable" |- | [[File:Aitutakitopo.png|70px]] | [[File:Aitutaki Aerial.jpg|70px]] | [[Aitutaki]] (ngawengku [[Manuae (Kapuloan Cook)|Manuae]]) |- | [[File:Mangaia english version.png|70px]] | [[File:Mangaia (Correct Orientation).JPG|70px]] | [[Mangaia]] |- | [[File:Atiumap.png|70px]] | [[File:Atiu Aerial.jpg|70px]] | [[Atiu]] (ngawengku [[Takutea]]) |- | [[File:Mauke map.jpg|70px]] | [[File:Mauke Aerial.jpg|70px]] | [[Ma'uke]] |- | [[File:Mitiaro Island map.jpg|70px]] | [[File:Mitiaro Aerial.jpg|70px]] | [[Mitiaro]] |- | [[File:Manihiki.jpg|70px]] | [[File:Manihiki Aerial.jpg|70px]] | [[Manihiki]] |- | [[File:Penrhyn.png|70px]] | | [[Pulo Penrhyn|Penrhyn]] |- | [[File:Rakahanga.jpg|70px]] | | [[Rakahanga]] |- | [[File:Pukapuka.png|70px]] | [[File:Pukapuka Atoll.jpg|70px]] | [[Pukapuka]] (ngawengku [[Nassau (Kapuloan Cook)|Nassau]] jeung [[Suwarrow]]) |- | [[File:Palmerston Island map.jpg|70px]] | [[File:Palmerston Aerial.jpg|70px]] | [[Pulo Palmerston|Palmerston]] |} </center> [[File:Rarotopo.png|thumb|Distrik di Rarotonga.]] Tilu déwan ''vaka'' di [[Rarotonga]] ngadeg dina 1997 (''Undang-Udang Pamaréntahan Lokal Rarotonga 1997''), ogé dilulugu ku mayor,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060516161920/http://www.transparency.org.au/documents/cookislands.pdf</ref> dihupus dina Pébruari 2008, sanajan aya loba kontrovérsi<ref>[http://www.cook-islands.gov.ck/view_release.php?release_id=990 RAROTONGA LOCAL GOVERNMENT (REPEAL) BILL TO BE TABLED, Cook Islands Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017220610/http://www.cook-islands.gov.ck/view_release.php?release_id=990 |date=2013-10-17 }} and [http://www.ciherald.co.ck/articles/h392b.htm HERALD WEEKLY ISSUE 393 :09 February 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102015825/http://www.ciherald.co.ck/articles/h392b.htm |date=2 January 2009 }}</ref> ;Tilu déwan ''Vaka'' di [[Rarotonga]] nyaéta: {|class="wikitable" |- | [[Te au o tonga]] | (ékuivalén jeung [[Avarua]], ibu kota Kapuloan Cook) |- | [[Puaikura]] |Arorangi |- | [[Takitumu]] |Ngatangiia |} Dina tingkat nu panghandapna, aya komite désa. [[Nassau (Kapuloan Cook)|Nassau]], nu diparéntah ku [[Pukapuka]], miboga komite pulo (Komite Pulo Nassau), nu méré naséhat ka Déwan Pulo Pukapuka dina perkawis ngeunaan Nassau. ==Olahraga== {{utama|Olahraga di Kapuloan Cook}} {{see also|Netball di Kapuloan Cook}} [[Rugby union]] mangrupa olahraga nu pangpopulérna di Kapuloan Cook.<ref name=hollis-15>{{Cite book |last=Hollis |first=Renee |title=Aitutaki, Heaven on Earth |year=2007 |publisher=Renee Hollis |location=Nelson, New Zealand |isbn=9780473146030|p=15}}</ref> [[Asosiasi méngbal]] jeung [[Liga Rugby di Kapuloan Cook|liga rugby]] ogé populér.{{Citation needed}} ==Réferénsi== {{Reflist|2}} ==Bacaan salajengna== *Gilson, Richard. ''The Cook Islands 1820-1950.'' Wellington, New Zéaland: Victoria University Press, 1980. ISBN 0705507351 ==Tumbu kaluar== {{SisterLinks|Cook Islands}} *[http://www.cook-islands.gov.ck/ Pamaréntah Kapuloan Cook] *{{wikivoyage|Cook Islands}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|cw|Cook Islands}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/cookislands.htm Cook Islands] ti ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Oceania/Cook_Islands|Kapuloan Cook}} {{Polinésia}}<br> {{Nagara di Oséania}}<br> {{DEFAULTSORT:Cook Kapuloan}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Cook| ]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris|Cook]] [[Kategori:Urut koloni Britania|Cook]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu kaasosiasi bébas|Cook]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan|Cook]] [[Kategori:Rélasi Selandia Anyar-Pasifik|Cook]] [[Kategori:Polinésia|Cook]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1965|Cook]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Cook Kapuloan}} 18fwa92urbgr7ma9wcr8ca55z9uylwr Kapuloan Juan Fernández 0 35121 729148 674349 2026-09-26T12:55:52Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Kapuloan Juan Fernández<!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --> | native_name = ''Archipiélago Juan Fernández''<!-- if different from the English name --> | native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | other_name = | official_name = | settlement_type = Wewengkon Istiméwa jeung [[Komune di Cili|Komune]]<!-- such as Town, Village, City, Borough etc. --> <!-- images, nickname, motto ---> | image_skyline = Bahia cumberland.JPG | imagesize = | image_alt = Kota San Juan Bautista di Teluk Cumberland, Pulo Robinson Crusoe | image_caption = Kota [[San Juan Bautista (Kapuloan Juan Fernández)|San Juan Bautista]] di Teluk Cumberland, [[Pulo Robinson Crusoe]] | image = <!-- other image (specify File: or Image: namespace) --> | image_flag = Flag of Chile.svg | flag_size = | flag_alt = | flag_link = | image_shield = Escudo de Juan Fernández.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = Lambang | shield_link = | image_blank_emblem = | nickname = | motto = | anthem = <!-- maps and coordinates ------> | image_map = CL Pacific islands.PNG | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = Peta Cili Insulér kalawan [[Pulo Paskah]], [[Sala y Gómez]], [[Kapuloan Desventuradas]], jeung Kapuloan Juan Fernández | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_base_alt = | dot_map_alt = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = |dot_y = | pushpin_map = <!-- name of a location map as per Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | pushpin_label = <!-- only necessary if "name" or "official_name" are too long --> | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = 175<!--omit "px"--> | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map1 = | pushpin_label_position1 = | pushpin_label1 = <!-- only necessary if "name" or "official_name" are too long --> | pushpin_map_alt1 = | pushpin_mapsize1 = | pushpin_map_caption1 = | latd = 33 |latm = 38 |lats = 42.5 |latNS = S | longd = 78 |longm = 49 |longs = 23.48 |longEW = W | coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) --> | coordinates_region = CL-VL | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_format = dms | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- location ------------------> | subdivision_type = [[Daptar nagara|Nagara]] | subdivision_name = [[Cili]]<!-- the name of the country --> | subdivision_type1 = [[Régionna Cili|Région]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Région Valparaíso|Valparaíso]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Propinsina Cili|Propinsi]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Propinsi Valparaíso|Valparaíso]]<!-- etc., subdivision_type6 / subdivision_name6 --> <!-- established ---------------> | established_title = Dipanggih<!-- Settled --> | established_date = 22 Nopémber 1574 | established_title1 = Status koloni <!-- Incorporated (town) --> | established_date1 = 1895 | established_title2 = [[Komune di Cili|Komune]]&nbsp;dijieun<!-- Incorporated (city) --> | established_date2 = 21 Séptémber 1979 | established_title3 = Status wewengkon istiméwa | established_date3 = 30 Juli 2007 | founder = | named_for = Juan Fernández <!-- seat, smaller parts -------> | seat_type = [[Ibu kota]]<!-- defaults to: Seat --> | seat = [[San Juan Bautista (Kapuloan Juan Fernández)|San Juan Bautista]] | parts_type = <!-- defaults to: Boroughs --> | parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> | parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> | p1 = | p2 = <!-- etc., up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> <!-- government type, leaders --> | government_footnotes = <ref name="Official">{{es}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.comunajuanfernandez.cl/ |title=Robinson Crusoe Island |accessdate=8 August 2010}}</ref> | government_type = [[Kotamdya]] | governing_body = [[Déwan kotamadya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Alcalde]] | leader_name = Leopoldo González Charpentier<!-- add &nbsp; (no-break space) to disable automatic links --> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 --> <!-- display settings ---------> | total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> | unit_pref = Metric<!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric --> <!-- area ----------------------> | area_footnotes = <ref name="INE">{{cite web |url= http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php |title= National Statistics Institute |accessdate= 1 May 2010 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061206033150/http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php |archivedate= 6 December 2006 }}</ref> | area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> | area_total_km2 = 147,5 | area_rank = <!-- elevation -----------------> | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_min_footnotes = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_ft = <!-- population ----------------> | population_footnotes = <ref name="INE"/> | population_total = 633 | population_as_of = Sénsus 2002 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto<!-- for automatic calculation of any density field, use: auto --> | population_blank1_title = [[Aréa urban|Urban]] | population_blank1 = 598 | population_blank2_title = [[Aréa désa|Rural]] | population_blank2 = 35 | population_demonym = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool --> | population_note = | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = | demographics1_info2 = | timezone = [[Wanci Cili|CLT]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |accessdate=2007-05-05 |title=Chile Time |publisher=WorldTimeZones.org |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130719/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |archivedate=2007-09-11 }}</ref> | utc_offset = -4 | timezone_DST = [[Wanci Cili|CLST]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |accessdate=2007-05-05 |title=Chile Summer Time |publisher=WorldTimeZones.org |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130451/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |archivedate=2007-09-11 }}</ref> | utc_offset_DST = -3 <!-- postal codes, area code ---> | postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = | postal2_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal2_code = | area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --> | area_code = 56 | geocode = | registration_plate = <!-- twin cities ---------------> | twin1 = | twin1_country = | twin2 = | twin2_country = <!-- etc., up to twin9 / twin9_country --> <!-- blank fields (section 1) --> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Mata uang]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Peso Cili|Peso]] ([[ISO 4217|CLP]]) | blank1_name_sec1 = | blank1_info_sec1 = | blank2_name_sec1 = | blank2_info_sec1 = <!-- etc., up to blank7_name_sec1 / blank7_info_sec1 --> <!-- blank fields (section 2) --> | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | blank1_name_sec2 = | blank1_info_sec2 = | blank2_name_sec2 = | blank2_info_sec2 = <!-- etc., up to blank7_name_sec2 / blank7_info_sec2 --> <!-- website, footnotes --------> | website = [http://www.comunajuanfernandez.cl/ Juan Fernández Islands] | footnotes = }} '''Kapuloan Juan Fernández''' (''basa Spanyol'': '''Archipiélago Juan Fernández''') mangrupa grup pulo nu aya dina [[Samudra Pasifik|Samudra Pasifik Kidul]], aya kira-kira 600&nbsp;km peuntas laut ti [[Cili]], jeung miboga tilu pulo vulkanis utama; [[Pulo Robinson Crusoe]], [[Pulo Alejandro Selkirk]], jeung [[Pulo Santa Clara]]. ==Réferénsi== {{Reflist}} ==Tumbu kaluar== {{commonscat|Archipielago Juan Fernandez|Arsipélago Kapuloan Juan Fernandez}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111126095418/http://www.comunajuanfernandez.cl/espanol.htm Loka resmi Komune Isla Juan Fernandez] {{Nagara di Oséania}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Juan Fernández| ]] [[Kategori:Kapuloan di Cili]] [[Kategori:Kapuloan di Samudra Pasifik]] [[Kategori:Géografi Région Valparaíso]] [[Kategori:Komune di Cili]] {{administratif-nagara-stub|Cili}} hp8i7myhs5q2okdoodpzhegoocp836d Kapuloan Pitcairn 0 35311 729152 663104 2026-09-26T12:57:23Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = Pitkern Ailen |conventional_long_name = Pitcairn, Henderson,<br/>Ducie and Oeno Islands |common_name = Pitcairn Islands |image_flag = Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg |image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = LocationPitcairnIslands.jpg |national_motto = |national_anthem = "[[Pitcairn Anthem|Come ye Blessed]]"<br/> "[[God Save the Queen]]" |official_languages = basa Inggris (basa wewengkon: [[basa Pitkern|Pitkern]]) |capital = [[Adamstown, Kapuloan Pitcairn|Adamstown]] |ethnic_groups = Britania, [[urang Polinésia]], atawa ([[multirasial]]) |Demonym = [[urang Pitcairn|Pitcairners]] |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= |largest_city = [[Adamstown, Kapuloan Pitcairn|Adamstown]] |government_type = [[Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania]] |leader_titles = |leader_names = |leader_title1 = [[Ratu Britania Raya|Daulat]] |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |leader_title2 = [[Gubernur Kapuloan Pitcairn|Gubernur]]/<br/>[[Daptar Komisionér Luhur Britania Raya pikeun Selandia Nayar|Komisionér Luhur]] |leader_name2 = [[Victoria Treadell]] |leader_title3 = [[Daptar pamingpin Kapuloan Pitcairn|Mayor]] |leader_name3 = [[Mike Warren (Kapuloan Pitcairn)|Mike Warren]] |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |leader_title5 = |leader_name5 = |land_area_magnitude = |land_area= |land_area_rank= |land_areami² = |area_rank = |area_magnitude = |area= 47 |areami²= 18,1 |percent_water = |population_estimate = 60 |population_estimate_year = 2011 |population_estimate_rank = ka-238 (panungtungna) |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density = 13 |population_densitymi² = 34 |population_density_rank = ka-211 |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year= |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_events = |established_dates = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |established_event2 = |established_date2 = |established_event3 = |established_date3 = |established_event4 = |established_date4 = |HDI = |HDI_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_category = |currency = [[Dolar Selanda Anyar]] (bareng jeung [[Dolar Kapuloan Pitcairn]]) |currency_code = NZD |Postal_code = PCRN 1ZZ |time_zone = [[UTC−08]] |utc_offset = <!-- -8 --> |time_zone_DST = |DST_note = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.pn]] |calling_code = none |Postal_code = PCRN 1ZZ |drives_on = |footnotes }} '''Kapuloan Pitcairn''' ([[basa Pitkern]]: ''Pitkern Ailen''), resmina '''Kapuloan Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, jeung Oeno''', ngawangun hiji grup nu ngawengku pulo-pulo vulkanis di [[Samudra Pasifik]] kidul. Pulo-pulona mangrupa [[Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania]] jeung [[Téritori nagara anggota istiméwa Uni Éropa|téritori peuntas laut]] ti [[Uni Éropa]] di Pasifik.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwhWwVWYmPQ&feature=related |title=‪Pitcairn Islands: UK's most remote territory‬‏ |publisher=YouTube |accessdate=31 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317071357/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwhWwVWYmPQ&feature=related |archivedate=17 March 2011 }}</ref> Opat pulo – nu boga ngaran Pitcairn, [[Pulo Henderson (Kapuloan Pitcairn)|Henderson]], [[Pulo Ducie|Ducie]], jeung [[Pulo Oeno|Oeno]] – kasebar dina sababaraha mil pasagi samudra. ==Tempo ogé== *[[Bounty Day]] *[[Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania]] *[[Iklim Kapuloan Pitcairn]] *[[Déwan Pulo (Pitcairn)]] ==Réferénsi== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Bacaan salajengna== '''The Mutiny on the Bounty''' *''The Bounty: The True Story of the Mutiny on the Bounty'' by Caroline Alexander (Harper Perennial, London, 2003 pp.&nbsp;491) *''The Discovery of Fletcher Christian: a Travel Book'' by Glynn Christian, a descendant of [[Fletcher Christian|Fletcher Christian, Bounty Mutineer]] (Guild Press, London, 2005 pp.&nbsp;448) '''After the Mutiny''' *''The Pitcairners'' by Robert B. Nicolson (Pasifika Press, Auckland, 1997 pp.&nbsp;260) *''After the Bounty: The aftermath of the infamous Mutiny on the HMS Bounty-an insight to the plight of the mutineers'' by Cal Adams, a descendant of [[John Adams (mutineer)|John Adams, Bounty Mutineer]] (Self-published, Sydney, 2008 pp.&nbsp;184) '''Pitcairn Island Today''' *''The Guide to Pitcairn'' produced by Pitcairn Island Government (Pitcairn Island Administration, Auckland, 1999 pp.&nbsp;68) *''Pitkern Ilan=Pitcairn Island'' by David H. Evans (Self-published, Auckland, 2007 pp.&nbsp;46) *"Lost Paradise From Mutiny of the bounty to a Modern-Day Legacy of Sexual mayhem the Dark Secrets of Pitcairn island Revealed", (Free Press, 2009). ==Tumbu kaluar== {{Commons category|Pitcairn Islands}} {{SisterLinks|Pitcairn Islands}} ===Pelesir=== * {{wikivoyage|Pitcairn Islands}} * [http://www.visitpitcairn.pn/ visitpitcairn.pn] ===Pamaréntah Kapuloan=== * [http://pitcairn.pn Pamaréntah Pitcairn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831132712/http://pitcairn.pn/ |date=2006-08-31 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101021024003/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/asia-oceania/pitcairn-islands/ Pitcairn Islands] ti [[Biro Asing jeung Pasamakmuran]] Britania * {{Wikiatlas|Pitcairn Islands}} {{Coord|25|04|S|130|06|W|type:isle_region:PN|display=title}} {{Depéndensi Britania}}<br> {{Countries and territories of Oceania}}<br> {{Polynesia}}<br> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pitcairn Kapuloan}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Pitcairn| ]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] [[Kategori:Polinésia]] [[Kategori:Téritori Istiméwa Uni Éropa]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1838]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Pitcairn}} ffob2mlw82lvc9yt8g3vwknntipxc0r Kamerun 0 36092 729122 709554 2026-09-26T12:41:44Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = ''République du Cameroun'' |conventional_long_name = Républik Kamerun |common_name = Kamerun |image_flag = Flag of Cameroon.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg |symbol_type = Coat of Arms |image_map =Cameroon (orthographic projection).svg |alt_map = Lokasi Kamerun dina Uni Afrika. |map_caption= {{map_caption |location_color=héjo kolot|region=Afrika |region_color=kulawu kolot |subregion=[[Uni Afrika]] |subregion_color=paul |legend=Location Cameroon AU Africa.svg}} |national_motto = "''Paix – Travail – Patrie''"<small><br />"Rapih – Gawé – Lemah Cai"</small> |national_anthem = <span style="line-height:1.33em;">''[[Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres]]''<br />''O Kamerun, Lemah Cai pun Bapa''&nbsp;<sup>1</sup></span> |official_languages = Basa Perancis jeung Inggris ''(de facto)'' |demonym = Cameroonian |capital = [[Yaoundé]]<ref name="Cameroon - Infoplease.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107382.html|title=Cameroon |publisher=Infoplease |accessdate=27 May 2011|publisheer=Infoplease}}</ref> |latd=3 |latm=52 |latNS=N |longd=11 |longm=31 |longEW=E <!--Google Maps--> |largest_city = [[Douala]]<ref name="Cameroon - Infoplease.com"/> |government_type = [[Républik]] |leader_title1 = [[Pupuhu nagara Kamerun|Présidén]] |leader_name1 = [[Paul Biya]]<ref name="Cameroon - Infoplease.com"/> |leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Kamerun|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name2 = [[Philémon Yang]] |area_rank = ka-54 <!--Demographic Yearbook 1.--> |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area = 475.442 |areami² = 183.568 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 1,3 <!--CIA World Factbook--> |population_estimate = 19.100.000 |population_estimate_rank = ka-58 <!--UN World Population Prospects--> |population_estimate_year = Juli 2009 |population_census = 15.746.179 |population_census_year = 2003 |population_density = 39,7 |population_densitymi² = 102,8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = ka-167 <!--UN World Population Prospects--> |GDP_PPP = $44,327&nbsp;milyar<ref name="imf2">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=622&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=42&pr.y=13 |title=Cameroon|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2011-04-21}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_year = 2010 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2.170<ref name="imf2"/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $22,478&nbsp;milyar<ref name="imf2"/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2010 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1.100<ref name="imf2"/> |sovereignty_type = [[Kamerdikaan]] |sovereignty_note = ti [[Perancis]] |established_event1 = Didéklarasikeun |established_date1 = 1 Januari 1960 |established_event2 = Anéksasi urut Kamerun Britania |established_date2 = 1 Oktober 1961 |HDI = {{increase}} 0,460 |HDI_rank = ka-131 |HDI_year = 2010 |HDI_category = handap<ref>[http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/CMR.html Country profile of human development indicators – Cameroon]. Hdrstats.undp.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-24.</ref> |Gini = 44,6<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|title=Distribution of family income – Gini index|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|accessdate=2009-09-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002120506/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|archivedate=2009-10-02}}</ref> |Gini_year = 2001 |Gini_category = <span style="color:#fc0;">sedeng</span> |currency = [[Franc CFA Afrika Tengah]] |currency_code = XAF |country_code = |time_zone = [[Wanci Afrika Kulon|WAT]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = teu kaobsérvasi |utc_offset_DST = +1 |drives_on = katuhu |cctld = [[.cm]] |calling_code = 237 |footnote1 = Judul ieu sakumaha disebutkeun dina ''Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon'', Pasal X. Vérsi basa Perancisna kadang disebut "''Chant de Ralliement''", sakumaha dina ''National Anthems of the World'', jeung vérsi basa Inggrisna "O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers", sakumaha dina DeLancey jeung DeLancey 61. }} '''Kamerun''', resmina '''Républik Kamerun''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|République du Cameroun}}), mangrupa hiji nagara di [[Afrika Tengah]] kulon. Nagara ieu tepung wates jeung [[Nigeria]] di kulon; [[Chad]] di kalér-wétan; [[Républik Afrika Tengah]] di wétan; sarta [[Guinéa Khatulistiwa]], [[Gabon]], jeung [[Républik Kongo]] di kidul. Basisirna Kamerun wawatesan jeung [[Teluk Bonny]], bagian ti [[Teluk Guinéa]] jeung [[Samudra Atlantik]]. Nagara ieu kalandi "Miniatur Afrika" pikeun bébéda géologis jeung kabudayaanna. Objék alami saperti basisir, sagara, gunung, leuweung hujan, jeung savana. Titik nu pangluhurna nyaéta [[Gunung Kamerun]] di beulah kidul-kulon, sarta kota panggedéna nyaéta [[Douala]], [[Yaoundé]], jeung [[Garoua]]. Kamrun miboga leuwih ti 200 grup basa nu bébéda. Nagara ieu katelah tina gaya musik aslina, utamina [[makossa]] jeung [[bikutsi]], sarta tina [[Tim maén bal nasional Kamerun|tim maén bal nasionalna]] nu suksés. [[Basa Perancis]] jeung [[Basa Inggris]] mangrupa basa resmi. Padumuk awal ti wewengkon ieu kaasup [[Paadaban Sao]] di sabundereun [[Dano Chad]] jeung pamoro-pangumpul [[Baka (Kamerun jeung Gabon)|Baka]] dina leuweung hujan tenggara. Panjelajah Portugis nepi ka basisirna dina abad ka-15 jeung méré ngaran wewengkon éta ''Rio dos Camarões'' ("Walungan Hurang"), ngaran ti mana dibeunangkeun ngaran ''Kamerun''. Tentara [[Urang Fula|Fula]]<ref>Dina {{lang-ff|Fulɓe}}; dina {{lang-fr|link=no|Peul ''atawa'' Peuhl}}.</ref> ngadegkeun [[Emirat Adamawa]] di beulah kalér dina abad ka-19, jeung rupa-rupa grup étnis ti kulon jeung kalér-kulon ngadegkeun séké-séké jeung [[fon (Kamerun)|kafonan]]. Kamerun jadi [[Kakaisaran Jérman|jajahan Jérman]] dina 1884. Sanggeus Perand Dunya I, wewengkon ieu dibagi antara [[Républik Katilu Perancis|Perancis]] jeung [[Kakaisarana Britania|Britania]] salaku [[mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa]]. Partéy pulitik [[Kahijian Urang Kamerun|Union des Populations du Cameroun]] ngadukung kamerdikaan tapi teu disahkeun ku Perancis dina 1950-an. Dina 1960, Perancis ngadministradi sabagian Kamerun jadi merdika salaku Républik Kamerun dina Présidén [[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]. [[Kamerun Kidul|Bagian kidulna]], Kamerun Britania, ngagabung dina 1961 pikeun ngawangun [[Républik féderal|Républik Féderal]] Kamerun. Nagara ieu diganti ngaranna kana [[Nagara kahijian|Républik Kahijian]] Kamerun dina 1972 sarta teras Républik Kamerun dina 1984. Dibandingkeun nagara Afrika lianna, Kamerun miboga stabilitas pulitis jeung sosial nu rélatif luhur. Hal ieu ngidinkeun kamekaran tatanén, jalan, rél, jeung industri ageung minyak bumi sarta kai. Tapi, raloba urang Kamerun anu miskin salaku patani. Kakawasaan aya dina présidén [[Otoritérisme|otoritér]] ti 1982, [[Paul Biya]], jeung partéyna, [[Pagerakan Démokratik Urang Kamerun]]. == Région == :''Artikel utama: [[Région di Kamerun]], [[Divisi Kamerun]]'' [[Gambar:Provinces of Cameroon EN.svg|thumb|center|Kamerun dibagi kana 10 région.]] [[Konstitusi Kamerun|Konstitusi]] ngabagi Kamerun kana 10 région semi-otonom, masing-masing dina administrasi [[Déwan Régional (Kamerun)|Déwan Régional]]. Dekrét présidénsial 12 Nopémber 2008 resmi nyarankeun parobihan ti propinsi ka région.<ref>[http://www.prc.cm/index_fr.php?link=les_actes/lecture_act&id=79&lang=fr&quoi=D%E9cret Décret N° 2008/376 du 12 novembre 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014221647/http://www.prc.cm/index_fr.php?link=les_actes%2Flecture_act&id=79&lang=fr&quoi=D%E9cret |date=2012-10-14 }}, President of the Republic website. Accessed 9 June 2009.</ref> Région-régionna dibagi deui kana (total) 58 divisi (''départements''). Divisi-divisina salajengna dibagi deui kana sub-divisi (''arrondissements''). == Tempo ogé == *[[Afrika Tengah]] *[[Daptar nagara]] == Catetan == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Réferénsi == <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3"> * "[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm Background Note: Cameroon]". October 2006. United States Department of State. Accessed 6 April 2007. * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20070208022949/http://web.amnesty.org/report2006/cmr-summary-eng Cameroon]". ''Amnesty International Report 2006''. Amnesty International Publications. Accessed 6 April 2007. * "[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78723.htm Cameroon]". Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, 6 March 2007. Buréau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State. Accessed 6 April 2007. * "[http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_CMR.html Cameroon]". ''Human Development Report 2006''. United Nations Development Programme. Accessed 6 April 2007. * "[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html Cameroon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515103416/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html |date=2020-05-15 }}". ''The World Factbook''. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 15 March 2007. Accessed 6 April 2007. * "[http://www.unaids.org/en/Regions_Countries/Countries/cameroon.asp Cameroon]". UNAIDS. Accessed 6 April 2007. * "[http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6935 Cameroon (2006)]". ''Country Report: 2006 Edition''. Freedom House, Inc. Accessed 6 April 2007. * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20070526152356/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=20731 Cameroon – Annual Report 2007]". Reporters without Borders. Accessed 6 April 2007. * "[http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=57951 CAMEROON: New anti-corruption drive leaves many sceptical]". 27 January 2006. ''IRIN''. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Accessed 6 April 2007. * ''Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon'' ([http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Cameroon.pdf English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051229035354/http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Cameroon.pdf |date=2005-12-29 }} and [http://www.prc.cm/instit/consti.htm French] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228030033/http://www.prc.cm/instit/consti.htm |date=2006-02-28 }} versions). 18 January 1996. Accessed 6 April 2007. * "[http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2007 Corruption Perceptions Index 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080428203145/http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2007 |date=2008-04-28 }}". Transparency International. Accessed 28 September 2007. * DeLancey, Mark W., and Mark Dike DeLancey (2000): ''Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon'' (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. * [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2003/Table03.pdf ''Demographic Yearbook 2004'']. United Nations Statistics Division. * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20060518021316/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGIOR410062006?open&of=ENG-CMR 2006 Elections to the Human Rights Council: Background information on candidate countries]". May 2006. Amnesty International Publications. Accessed 6 April 2007. * Fanso, V. G. (1989). ''Cameroon History for Secondary Schools and Colleges, Vol. 1: From Prehistoric Times to the Nineteenth Century.'' Hong Kong: Macmillan Education Ltd. * Fitzpatrick, Mary (2002). "Cameroon." ''Lonely Planet West Africa'', 5th ed. China: Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd. * Fomensky, R., M. Gwanfogbe, and F. Tsala, editorial advisers (1985) ''Macmillan School Atlas for Cameroon.'' Malaysia: Macmillan Education Ltd. * Fonge, Fua béh P. (1997). ''Modernization without Development in Africa: Patterns of Change and Continuity in Post-Independence Cameroonian Public Service''. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, Inc. * Geschiere, Peter (1997). ''The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa''. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. * Gwanfogbe, Mathew, Ambrose Meligui, Jéan Moukam, and Jéanette Nguoghia (1983). ''Geography of Cameroon.'' Hong Kong: Macmillan Education Ltd. * "[http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html#highpre Highest Average Annual Precipitation Extremes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128084534/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html#highpre |date=2013-11-28 }}". Global Méasured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation, [[National Climatic Data Center]], 9 August 2004. Accessed 6 April 2007. * Hudgens, Jim, and Richard Trillo (1999). ''West Africa: The Rough Guide''. 3rd ed. London: Rough Guides Ltd. * International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (28 May 2007). "[http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EKOI-73N32R?OpenDocument Cameroon: Population Movement; DREF Bulletin no. MDRCM004] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20070613175522/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EKOI-73N32R?OpenDocument |date=2007-06-13 }}". ReliefWeb. Accessed 18 June 2007. * Kandemeh, Emmanuel (17 July 2007). "[http://www.cameroon-tribune.net/article.php?lang=Fr&oled=j17072007&idart=4085&olarch=j17072007 Journalists Warned against Declaring Election Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211093654/http://www.cameroon-tribune.net/article.php?lang=Fr&oled=j17072007&idart=4085&olarch=j17072007 |date=2008-12-11 }}", ''Cameroon Tribune''. Accessed 18 July 2007. * Lantum, Daniel M., and Martin Ekeke Monono (2005). "Republic of Cameroon", ''Who Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine''. [[World Health Organization]]. * MacDonald, Brian S. (1997). "Case Study 4: Cameroon", ''Military Spending in Developing Countries: How Much Is Too Much?'' McGill-Queen's University Press. * Matthews, Andy (12 March 2008). "[http://www.africanews.com/site/list_messages/16465 Cameroon protests in USA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206040327/http://www.africanews.com/site/list_messages/16465 |date=2008-12-06 }}", Africa News. Accessed 13 March 2008. * Mbaku, John Mukum (2005). ''Culture and Customs of Cameroon''. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. * Musa, Tansa (8 April 2008). "[http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnL08308448.html Biya plan to keep power in Cameroon clears hurdle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206070242/http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnL08308448.html |date=2008-12-06 }}". Reuters. Accessed 9 April 2008. * Musa, Tansa (27 June 2007). "[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L27787695.htm Gunmen kill one, kidnap 22 in Cameroon near CAR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629170646/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L27787695.htm |date=2007-06-29 }}". Reuters. Accessed 27 June 2007. * Neba, Aaron (1999). ''Modern Geography of the Republic of Cameroon,'' 3rd ed. Bamenda: Neba Publishers. * Niba, Francis Ngwa (20 February 2007). "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6376389.stm New language for divided Cameroon]". BBC News. Accessed 6 April 2007. * Njeuma, Dorothy L. (no date). "[http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Cameroon.htm Country Profiles: Cameroon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609152111/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Cameroon.htm |date=2007-06-09 }}". The Boston College Center for International Higher Education. Accessed 11 April 2008. * Nkemngu, Martin A. (11 March 2008). "[http://www.cameroon-tribune.net/article.php?lang=Fr&oled=j11032008&idart=9281&olarch= Facts and Figures of the Tragic Protests] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211093632/http://www.cameroon-tribune.net/article.php?lang=Fr&oled=j11032008&idart=9281&olarch= |date=2008-12-11 }}", ''[[Cameroon Tribune]]''. Accessed 12 March 2008. * Nkolo, Jéan-Victor, and Graeme Ewens (2000). "Cameroon: Music of a Small Continent". ''World Music, Volume 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East''. London: Rough Guides Ltd. * "[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html Rank Order – Area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |date=2014-02-09 }}". ''The World Factbook''. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 15 March 2007. Accessed 6 April 2007. * Sa'ah, Randy Joe (23 June 2006). "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5107360.stm Cameroon girls battle 'breast ironing']". BBC News. Accessed 6 April 2007. * Swarovski Orchestra (2004). ''National Anthems of the World''. Koch International Classics. Audio CD. * Volet, Jéan-Marie (10 November 2006). "[http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/CountryCameroonEN.html Cameroon Literature at a glance]". ''Reading women writers and African literatures''. Accessed 6 April 2007. * West, Ben (2004). ''Cameroon: The Bradt Travel Guide''. Guilford, Connecticut: The Globe Pequot Press Inc. * Wight, Susannah, ed. (2006). ''Cameroon''. Spain: MTH Multimedia S.L. * "[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/02/data/index.aspx World Economic and Financial Surveys]". World Economic Outlook Database, International Monetary Fund. September 2006. Accessed 6 April 2007. * ''[http://esa.un.org/unpp/ World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision Population Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511162049/http://esa.un.org/unpp/ |date=2011-05-11 }}''. 2006. United Nations Population Division. Accessed 6 April 2007. </div> == Tumbu kaluar == {{Sisterlinks|Cameroon}} ; Pamaréntah * [http://www.presidenceducameroun.com Kaprésidénan Républik Kamerun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529010519/http://www.presidenceducameroun.com/ |date=2017-05-29 }} * [http://www.spm.gov.cm/index.php?L=1 Kantor Perdana Mentri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715013604/http://www.spm.gov.cm/index.php?L=1 |date=2011-07-15 }} * [http://www.assemblenationale.cm/ Majelis Nasional Kamerun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805071905/http://www.assemblenationale.cm/ |date=2009-08-05 }} ; Informasi ilahar * {{CIA World Factbook link|cm|Cameroon}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/cameroon.htm Cameroon] ti ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Cameroon|Kamerun}} * {{Wikiatlas|Cameroon}} * {{wikivoyage|Cameroon}} {{Template group |title = Artikel nu patali jeung Kamerun |list = {{Cameroon topics}} {{Template group |title = [[Gambar:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]&nbsp;Géografi lokal |list = {{Countries of Africa}} }} {{Template group |title = Kaanggotaan internasional |list = {{African Union}} {{Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)|state=collapsed}} {{Commonwealth of Nations}} }} {{Template group |title = Basa |list = {{Afro-Asiatic-speaking nations}} }} }} [[Kategori:Kamerun| ]] [[Kategori:Anggota La Francophonie]] [[Kategori:Anggota OSI]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] [[Kategori:Anggota Uni Afrika]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Afrika]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu maké basa Perancis]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu tepung wates jeung Samudra Atlantik]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1960]] [[Kategori:Républik]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Kamerun}} iolp9p68cmpdyefkt6kpop3zfx1ynga Rugbi union 0 36097 729283 713001 2026-09-26T22:09:51Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 18 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox sport | image = New Zealand vs South Africa 2006 Tri Nations Line Out.JPG | imagesize = 300px | caption = [[Victor Matfield]] ti Afrika Kidul ngalaksanakeun ''lineout'' kana Selandia Anyar dina 2006. | union = [[International Rugby Board]] | nickname = Rugger, Rugby<ref>{{cite book |title=British language & culture |url=https://archive.org/details/britishlanguagec0000unse |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |first=David |last=Else |year=2007 |edition=2nd |page=[https://archive.org/details/britishlanguagec0000unse/page/97 97] |isbn=186450286X}}</ref> | first = Awal abad ka-19 (wangun awal)<br />1845 (hukum tinulis awal) | registered = 5.062.396 | clubs = 18.920 | contact = [[Olahraga kontak#Kontak pinuh|Kontak pinuh]] | team = 15 | mgender = Kompetisi kapisah | category = [[Olahraga tim]], luar rohangan | equipment = [[Maén bal (bal)#Rugbi union|Bal rugbi]] | venue = | olympic = [[Rugbi union dina Olimpiade 1900|1900]]; dihupus ti program [[Olimpiade 1928|1928]]; [[Rugbi Tujuh]] dibalikkeun [[Olimpiade 2016|2016]] }} '''Rugbi union''', mindeng disebut '''rugbi''' wungkul, nyaéta hiji olahraga tim [[Olahraga kontak#Kontak pinuh|kontak pinuh]] nu lahir di Inggris di awal abad ka-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/originsofrugby.htm#2 |title=Origins of Rugby – Codification "The innovation of running with the ball was introduced some time between 1820 and 1830." |publisher=Rugbyfootballhistory.com |accessdate=15 August 2011}}</ref> salah sahiji [[Bandingan rugbi liga jeung rugbi union|dua kode]] ti [[maén bal rugbi]], nyaéta dina lumpat sareng bal dicandak ku tangan. Olahraga ieu dimaénkeun kalawan hiji [[bal rugbi|bal]] nu bentukna oval, di lapangan nu panjangna nepi ka 100 m jeung lébarna nepi ka 70 m kalawan pos gawang nu bentukna kawas hurup "H" dina masing-masing garis gawang. [[William Webb Ellis]] mindeng dipercaya kalawan pamanggihan lumpat sareng nyandak bal ku tangan dina 1823 di [[Sakola Rugby]] basa anjeunna diduga nyanggap bal nalika keur maén bal jeung lumpat ka gawang lawan. Tapi, bukti carita éta diragukeun. Dina 1845, hukum maén bal kahiji ditulis ku murid-murid Sakola Rugby; kajadian signifikan lianna dina pamekaran awal rugbi contona kaputusan [[Blackheath F.C.|Klub Blackheath]] ninggalkeun ''[[The Football Association]]'' dina 1863 sarta misahna rugbi union jeung [[rugbi liga]] dina 1895. Dina 1995 [[International Rugby Board|Badan Rugbi Internasional]] (''International Rugby Board'', IRB) ngahupus larangan dina bayaran ka pamaén, nyieun maénna sacara kabuka profésional dina tingkat nu pangluhurna pikeun kahijina. IRB geus jadi badan pangurus pikeun rugbi union ti pawangunanna dina 1886. Sumebarna rugbi union tumuwuh ti [[Home Nations|Bangsa Asal]] (''Home Nations''), Britania Raya jeung Irlandia, sarta diserep ku raloba nagara nu kaasosiasi jeung Kakaisaran Britania. Éksponén awal ti olahraga ieu contona Australia, Selandia Anyar, jeung Afrika Kidul. Nagara-nagara nu geus ngadopsi rugbi union salaku olahraga nasionalna sacara ''[[de facto]]'' misalna Fiji, Géorgia, Selandia Anyar, Samoa, Tonga, jeung Wales. Rugbi union dimaénkeun di leuwih ti 100 nagara di 6 buana jeung dina Nopémber 2010, 118 union mangrupa anggota IRB. [[Piala Dunya Rugbi]], kahiji lumangsung dina 1987, dilaksanakeun saban opat warsih, kalawan nu meunangna narima [[Piala Webb Ellis]]. [[Kajuaraan Genep Bangsa]] (''Six Nations Championship'') di Éropa jeung [[Kajuaraan Rugby]] (''The Rugby Championship'') di Hémisfér Kidul (nu ngaganti ''Tri Nations'') mangrupa kompetisi internasional utami anu dilaksanakeun warsihan. Kompetisi doméstik utama contona [[Top 14]] di Perancis, [[English Premiership (rugbi union)|English Premiership]] di Inggris, [[Currie Cup]] di Afrika Kidul, jeung [[ITM Cup]] di Selandia Anyar. Kompetisi antarbangsa nu lian contona [[Celtic League (rugbi union)|Celtic League]], aslina mimilukeun tim ti Irlandia, Skotlandia, jeung Wales sarta ayeuna ditambih ti Italia; [[Super Rugby]] (baheulana Super 12 jeung Super 14), mimilukeun tim ti Afrika Kidul, Australia, jeung Selandia Anyar; sarta [[Heineken Cup]], mimilukeun sawatara tim ti Éropa. ==Sajarah== {{utama|Sajarah rugbi union}} [[File:Rugby School 850.jpg|box|thumb|[[Sakola Rugby]] di [[Rugby, Warwickshire]]. Katembong dina gambar gawang rugbi nu wangunna kawas hurup "H"]] Asalna maén bal rugbi dianggap salaku hiji insidén dina hiji patandingan [[Maén bal sakola umum Inggris|maén bal sakola Inggris]] di Sakola Rugby dina 1823 basa [[William Webb-Ellis]] disebut yén anjeunna nyandak bal teras lumpat barina.<ref>{{cite web|title = Webb Ellis, William|url = http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/webb-ellis.html|accessdate =14 September 2009}}</ref> Sanajan bukti ti carita éta diragukeun,<ref>{{cite episode|title=Flotsam|url=http://www.comedy.co.uk/guide/tv/qi/episodes/6/3/|series=QI|serieslink=QI|network=[[BBC]]|station=BBC One |location=UK|airdate=9 January 2009|seriesno=F|number=3}}</ref> hal éta diabadikeun di sakola éta kalawan hiji [[piagam pangélingan|piagam]] nu diumumkeun dina 1895.<ref>{{cite web|title = William Webb Ellis – fact or fiction?|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/rugby_union/6255164.stm |first=Sean|last=Davies| publisher=bbc.co.uk |accessdate =20 September 2011}}</ref> Sanajan asalna anékdot, [[Piala Webb Ellis|tropi Piala Dunya Rugbi]] dingaranan ti namina. Maén bal rugbi tumuwuh ti wangun kaulinan dimaénkeun di Sakola Rugby, nu dicandak urut siswana ka universitas; [[Albert Pell]], saurang mahasiswa ti [[Universitas Cambridge|Cambridge]], diajénan ku lantaran geus ngawangun tim 'maén bal' kahiji.<ref name="Marshall13">{{Harvnb|Marshall|1951|p=13}}</ref> Dina période awal ieu, béda sakola béda aturan, kalawan urut murid Rugby jeung [[Kampus Eton|Eton]] ngusahakeun mawa aturan anu dipikaresepna ka universitas.<ref name="Marshall13-14">{{Harvnb|Marshall|1951|pp=13–14}}</ref> Kajadian-kajadian signifikan dina pamekaran awal maén bal rugbi nyaéta panyieunan sét hukum maén bal katulis anu kahiji di Sakola Rugby dina 1845,<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=9}}</ref> anu dipiluan ku '[[Aturan Cambridge]]' dijieun dina 1848.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/originsofrugby.htm#3 |title=Early Laws |publisher=Rugbyfootballhistory.com |accessdate=6 February 2010}}</ref> Kajadian penting lianna contona kaputusan Klub Blackhéath Club ninggalkeun ''The Football Association'' dina 1863<ref name="Godwin10">{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = The History of Football |url = http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/game/historygame4.html |work = FIFA.com |accessdate = 25 February 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314172942/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/game/historygame4.html |date=14 March 2013 }}</ref> jeung ngadegna [[Rugby Football Union]] dina 1871.<ref name="Godwin10"/> Kode ieu aslina disebut "maén bal rugbi" (''rugby football''); tapi sanggeus [[Sajarah rugbi liga#Peupeus di Inggris|peupeus di Inggris]] dina 1895, anu ngahasilkeun misahna [[rugbi liga]], olahraga ieu maké ngaran "rugbi union" pikeun ngabédakeunnana.<ref>{{cite book|title=Rugby's great split: class, culture and the origins of rugby league football|author=Tony Collins|pages=87–120|chapter=Schism 1893–1895|edition=2nd|publisher=Routlage|year=2006|isbn=0-415-39616-6}}</ref> Sanajan ngaran pinuhna rugbi union, olahraga ieu ngan disebut rugbi di kalobaannana bagian dunya.<ref>{{cite web |title = Warwickshire and Rugby Football |url = http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/Web/corporate/pages.nsf/Links/25612031C7B03F9C80257610004A20CC |work = warwickshire.gov.uk |accessdate = 26 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212025019/http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/Web/corporate/pages.nsf/Links/25612031C7B03F9C80257610004A20CC |date=12 December 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Short History of Civilization IV |work=Five Epochs of Civilization: Chapter 7 (2000) |url=http://worldhistorysite.com/civilization4.html |publisher=worldhistorysite.com |first=William |last=McGaughey |accessdate=26 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512190553/http://worldhistorysite.com/civilization4.html |date=12 May 2013 }}</ref> [[Patandingan rugbi union Bangsa Asli 1870-71|Maén bal rugbi internasional kahiji]] lumangsung dina 27 Maret 1871, antara Inggris jeung Skotlandia.<ref name="Godwin10"/> Dina 1881 Irlandia jeung Wales miboga tim anu ngawakilannana, jeung dina 1883 kompetisi internasional kahiji, [[Kajuaraan Genep Bangsa|''Home Nations Championship'']] dimimitian. 1883 ogé taundi mana turnamén [[rugbi tujuh]] kahiji lumnangsung, di [[Melrose, Skotlandia|Melrose]], [[Melrose Sevens]],<ref name="Godwin12">{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=12}}</ref> anu masih warsihan dilaksanakeun. Lima taunsanggeusna, aya dua tur penting peuntas laut; tim [[Tur Singa Britania ka Selandia Anyar jeung Australia 1888|Kapuloan Britania]] datang ka Australia jeung Selandia Anyar. Hal éta neundeun pondasi pikeun tur [[Singa Britania jeung Irlandia]] nu engkéna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lionsrugby.com/history/5023.php|title=1888 Australia & New Zealand|publisher=The British and irish Lions|accessdate=13 August 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607033526/http://www.lionsrugby.com/history/5023.php |date=7 June 2011 }}</ref> [[Tim maén bal Pribumi Selandia Anyar 1888–1889|tim Pribumi Selandia Anyar 1888]] mangrupa tim peuntas laut kahiji nu datang ka Britania.<ref>{{cite book |title=Forerunners of the All Blacks |url=https://archive.org/details/forerunnersofall0000ryan |last=Ryan |first=Greg |publisher=Canterbury University Press |year=1993 |location=Christchurch, New Zealand|isbn=0-908812-30-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/forerunnersofall0000ryan/page/44 44]}}</ref> [[File:King George V presents a cup to the captain of the winning New Zealand Services Rugby Team, London.jpeg|thumb|left|[[James Ryan (pamaén rugbi union nu lahir 1887)|James Ryan]], kaptén tim Angkatan Darat Selandia Anyar, narima Piala Kings ti George V|alt=A black and white photo of a rugby field in which three men in military uniform, one of whom is King George, present a silver trophy to a rugby player dressed in black kit. Behind in a line are the rest of the team.]] Antara 1905 jeung 1908, sadaya tilu nagara rugbi utama ti Hémisfér Kidul ngintunkeun tim tur kahijina ka Hémisfér Kalér: [[The Original All Blacks|Selandia Anyar]] dina 1905, dimiluan ku [[Tur rugbi union Afrika Kidul 1906-07|Afrika Kidul]] dina 1906 jeung teras [[Tur rugbi union Britania Australia 1908-09|Australia]] dina 1908. Sadaya tilu tim mawa gaya maén, tingkat kaséhatan, jeung taktik nu anyar,<ref name="Godwin, p18">{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=18}}</ref> jeung leuwih boga hasil tinimbang nu aya dina kritikan.<ref>{{Harvnb|Thomas|1954|p=27}} ''"When they arrived in this country [Britain] they were regarded as an unknown quantity, but it was not anticipated that they would give the stronger British teams a great deal of opposition. The result of the very first match against Devon was regarded as a foregone conclusion by most British followers."''</ref> Tim tur Selandia Anyar 1905 ngalaksanakeun [[Ka Mate|haka]] saméméh saban patandingan, administrator Rugbi Union Wales, [[Tom Williams (pamaén rugbi Wales)|Tom Williams]], nyarankeun pamaén Wales, [[Teddy Morgan]], mingpin balaréa dina nembangkeun Lagu Kabangsaan Nasional Wales, ''[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau]]'', salaku balesan. Sanggeus Morgan mimiti nembang, masarakat mimiluan: wayah kahiji lagu kabangsaan ditembangkeun di awal kajadian olahraga.<ref>{{cite web|title=The anthem in more recent years|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/anthem/pages/anthem-today.shtml|accessdate=3 December 2010 |publisher=[[BBC Cymru Wales]]|date=1 December 2008 |work=[[BBC Cymru Wales|BBC Cymru Wales history]]}}</ref> Dina 1905, Perancis ngalawan Inggris dina patandingan internasional kahijina.<ref name="Godwin, p18"/> Euweuh patandingan rugbi internasional jeung patandingan nu kadukung union dimaénkeun basa Perang Dunya I, tapi kompetisi lanjut liwat tim layanan saperti [[Tim rugbi Angkatan Darat Selandia Anyar 1919|tim Angkatan Darat Selandia Anyar]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=19}}</ref> Dina Perang Dunya II, euweuh patandingan internasional dimaénkeun ku raloba nagara sanajan Italia, Jérman, jeung Romania maénkeun sawatara patandingan,<ref>[http://www.scrum.com/italy/rugby/match/19590.html Tur Italia – Bukares, 14 April 1940] Romania vs Italia, Scrum.com</ref><ref>[http://www.scrum.com/italy/rugby/match/19591.html Tur Italia – Stuttgart, 5 Méi 1940] Jérman vs Italia, Scrum.com</ref><ref>[http://www.scrum.com/italy/rugby/match/19592.html Tur Romania – Milan, 2 Méi 1942] Italia vs Romania, Scrum.com</ref> sarta [[R.U.F.C. Universitas Cambridge|Cambridge]] jeung [[RFC Universitas Oxford|Oxford]] ngalanjutkeun [[The Varsity Match|Patandingan Universitas]] warsihanna.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=22}}</ref> Rugbi union diasupkeun salaku cabang dina Olimpiade opat kali dina awal 1900-an. Dina 1973, turnamén internasional rugbi tujuh anu didukung resmi lumangsung di Murrayfield, salaku bagian ti pangélingan saratus taun [[Rugbi Union Skotlandia]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Rugby in the Olympics: Future|url = http://www.irb.com/rugbyandtheolympics/future.html|work = [[International Rugby Board|IRB]]|date = |accessdate = 18 August 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810065813/http://www.irb.com/rugbyandtheolympics/future.html |date=10 August 2011 }}</ref> Dina 1987, Piala Dunya Rugbi kahiji dilaksanakeun di Selandia Anyar jeung Australia, sarta nu meunang nyaéta Selandia Anyar. Turnamén Piala Dunya Rugbi Tujuh kahiji dilaksanakeun di Murrayfield dina 1993. Rugbi Tujuh dipikawanohkeun di [[Kajuaraan Rugbi Tujuh Pasamakmuran|Commonwealth Games]] dina 1998 jeung bakal dilombakeun dina Olimpiade 2016.<ref name="I.O.C. Decision"/> Rugbi union mangrupa olahraga amatir nepi ka IRB ngadéklarasikeun olahraga ieu 'kabuka' dina 1995, ngahupus larangan din bayaran ka pamaén.<ref name=Stubbs3>{{Harvnb|Stubbs|2009|p=118}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = History of the RFU |url = http://www.rfu.com/AboutTheRFU/History.aspx |work = [[Rugby Football Union|RFU]] |date = |accessdate = 28 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422210444/http://www.rfu.com/AboutTheRFU/History.aspx |date=22 April 2010 }}</ref> Tapi, période rugbi union pra-1995 dicirian ku lobana tuduhan "[[shamateurisme]]",<ref>{{cite web|title = Ontario: The Shamateurs|url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804253,00.html|work = TIME|date = 29 September 1947|accessdate = 6 February 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513010050/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804253,00.html |date=13 May 2013 }}</ref> kaasup hiji invéstigasi di Britania ku hiji komite Badan Pamilihan Umum.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/amateur-status-attacked-by-mps-1611641.html?CMP=ILC-refresh |title=Amateur status attacked by MPs - Sport - The Independent |first=John |last=Rentoul |work=[[The Independent]] |date=17 March 1995 |publisher=[[Independent News & Media|INM]] |location=[[London, UK|London]] |issn=0951-9467 |oclc=185201487 |accessdate=19 November 2011}} </ref><ref>{{cite web|title = History of Rugby Union|url = http://www.talkrugbyunion.co.uk/guides/history_of_rugby_union.html|accessdate =6 February 2010}}</ref> Nurutan dipikawanohna profésionalisme kompetisi klub trans-nasional dimimitian, kalawan [[Heineken Cup]] di Hémisfér Kalér jeung [[Super Rugby]] di Hémisfér Kidul.<ref name="historymain">{{cite web | url=http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/37_74.php | title=European Rugby Cup: History | publisher=ERC | accessdate=21 March 2007 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208134810/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/37_74.php | archivedate=8 February 2007 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208134810/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/37_74.php |date=8 February 2007 }}</ref><ref name="Gaynor">{{cite news|title=Union's off-field game a real winner|date=21 April 2001|newspaper=New Zealand Herald|first=Bryan| last=Gaynor|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=184012}}</ref> [[Tri Nations (rugbi union)|Tri-nations]], hiji turnamén internasional mimilukeun Afrika Kidul, Selandia Anyar, jeung Australia, dimimitian dina 1996.<ref name="Gaynor"/> ==Tim jeung struktur tim== {{utama|Posisi pamaén rugbi union}} [[Image:Rugby formation.svg|thumb|Formasi normal tim rugbi union, ngagambareun masing-masing posisi jeung nomerna.]] Masing-masing tim mimiti maén kalawan 15 pamaén di lapangan.<ref name="Law3">{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/mm/document/lawsregs/0/090729sgsmlaw3_8811.pdf |work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |title=Law 3 Number of Players |format=PDF |accessdate=6 February 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013170741/http://www.irb.com/mm/document/lawsregs/0/090729sgsmlaw3_8811.pdf |date=13 October 2012 }}</ref> Pamaén dina hiji tim dibagi kana 8 [[Posisi di rugbi union#Payun|payun]] (2 leuwih di [[rugbi liga]]) jeung 7 [[Posisi di rugbi union#Bék|bék]].<ref name="IRB BGRU 6">{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/mm/document/training/0/beginners20guide20en_7391.pdf|work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]]|title=A Beginner's Guide to Rugby Union|page=6|accessdate=24 September 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025103429/http://www.irb.com/mm/document/training/0/beginners20guide20en_7391.pdf |date=25 October 2012 }}</ref> ===Pamaén payun=== Kawajiban utama ti pamaén payun nyaéta miboga jeung nahankeun kabogaan bal.<ref name="talkrugby">{{cite web|url=http://www.talkrugbyunion.co.uk/guides/rugby_union_positions.html |title=Rugby Union Positions |publisher=talkrugbyunion.co.uk |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> Pamaén dina posisi ieu umumna gedé jeung kiat sarti milu dina ''scrum'' jeung ''lineout''.<ref name="talkrugby"/> Aranjeunna sok disebut ''pack'', utamina dina formasi ''scrum''.<ref name="Glossary">{{cite web|url=http://www.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/page/97263.html|work=ESPN Scrum.com |title=Rugby Glossary |accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref> '''Baris payun'''<br/> Baris payun kawangun ti 3 pamaén, 2 prop (panyangga); ''loosehead'' jeung ''tighthead'', sarta ''hooker''. 2 prop ngabantu ''hooker'' dina ''scrum'', pikeun ngadukung paluncat dina ''lineouts'', jeung nyadiakeun tanaga dina ''ruck'' jeung ''maul''.<ref name="IRB BGRU 6"/> Posisi katilu di baris payun nyaéta ''hooker''.<ref name="IRB BGRU 6"/> ''Hooker'' mangrupa posisi konci dina maén ofénsif jeung deféntif sarta miboga tanggung jawab meunangkan bal dina ''scrum''.<ref name="IRB BGRU 6"/> ''Hooker'' biasana anu ngalungkeun bal dina ''lineout''.<ref name="IRB BGRU 6"/> '''Baris kadua'''<br/> Baris kadua kawangun ti 2 ''lock'' atanapi ''lock forwards''. ''Lock'' biasana pamaén nu pangluhurna di tim, jeung husus dina nu lincat nalika ''lineout''.<ref name="IRB BGRU 6"/> Kagunaan utama ''lock'' dina ''lineout'' nyaéta nyieun ''standing jump'' (luncat nangtung), mindeng dirojong ku pamaén payun nu lian, pikeun nyokot bal nu dialungkeun atawa mastikeun bal dipiboga ku reguna. ''Lock'' ogé miboga hiji kagunaan penting dina ''scrum'', nyapit langsung di tukangeun tilu pamaén baris payun jeung nyadiakeun kadali hareup.<ref name="IRB BGRU 6"/> [[File:Chabal Rugby Racing vs Stade Toulousain 311009.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sébastien Chabal]] (kénca jauh) dina posisi nomer dalapan saméméh asup ka ''scrum''|alt=Facing right a group of seven men, in blue and white hooped jersesy, bind together and crouch to form a scrum, the eighth player stands behind them observing the off-picture opposition.]] '''Baris pengker'''<br/> Baris pengker, kadé kaliru jeung ‘Bék’, nyaéta baris katilu jeung baris pangahirna ti barisan di posisi payun. Pamaén di bari pengker mindeng disebut ''loose forwards''.<ref name="Glossary"/> Tilu posisi di baris pengker diwangun ti 2 jangjang jeung nu nomerna 8. Dua posisi jangjang, disebut jangjang ''blindside'' jeung ''openside'', mangrupa baris final dina ''scrum''. Peran utamina nyaéta pikeun meunangkeun kabogaan liwat ''turn over''.<ref name="IRB BGRU 6"/> Nu nomerna 8 dina ''scrum'' miboga peran ngadalikeun bal sanggeus dioper ti payun jeung posisina nyadiakeun hiji panyambung antara nu di payun jeung pengker dina fase narajang.<ref name="IRB BGRU 7">{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/mm/document/training/0/beginners20guide20en_7391.pdf|work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]]|title=A Beginner's Guide to Rugby Union|page=7|accessdate=24 September 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025103429/http://www.irb.com/mm/document/training/0/beginners20guide20en_7391.pdf |date=25 October 2012 }}</ref> ===Bék=== Peran bék nyaéta nyieun jeung ngonvérsi kasempetan ngahasilkeun skor, aranjeunna umumna leuwih leutik tapi leuwih gancang jeung leuwih cingceng tinimbang pamaén payun.<ref name="talkrugby"/> Bébéda nu lian antara dua posisi nyaéta bék dipiharep miboga kaahlian najong supérior, utamina dina posisi ''fly-half'' jeung ''full-back''.<ref name="talkrugby"/> '''''Half-back'''''<br/> ''Half-back'' diwangun ti 2 posisi, ''scrum-half''/''half-back'' jeung ''fly-half''/''First Five-Eighth''. ''Fly-half'' penting pikeun rencana tim, ngatur performa tim.<ref name="IRB BGRU 7"/> Aranjeunna biasana anu kahiji nu narima bal ti ''scrum-half'' sanggeus ''breakdown'', ''lineout'', atanapi ''scrum'' jeung kedah merhatoskeun nanao anu dilakukeun jeung éféktif dina ngomunikasi jeung bék luar.<ref name="IRB BGRU 7"/> Loba ''fly-half'' nu ogé panajong ka gawang. ''Scrum-half'' mangrupa panyambung antara pamaén payun jeung bék.<ref name="IRB BGRU 7"/> Aranjeunna narima bal ti ''lineout'' jeung mindahkeun bal ti bagian pengker ''scrum'', biasana ngoperkeunnana ka ''fly-half''.<ref name="IRB BGRU 8">{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/mm/document/training/0/beginners20guide20en_7391.pdf|work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]]|title=A Beginner's Guide to Rugby Union|page=8|accessdate=24 September 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025103429/http://www.irb.com/mm/document/training/0/beginners20guide20en_7391.pdf |date=25 October 2012 }}</ref> Aranjeunna ogé ''feed'' (méré bal) ka ''scrum'' jeung kadang kedah jadi ''loose forward'' kaopat.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bompa|1981|p=62}}</ref> '''''Three quarters'''''<br/> Aya 4 posisi ''three quarter'', ''inside centre''/''Second Five-Eighth'', ''outside centre'', sarta jangjang kénca jeung katuhu. Saperti fly-half, aranjeunna umumna miboga tajongan nu alus jeung alus dina maca pamaénan jeung ngarahkeun tarajangan. ''Centre'' bakal ngusakhakeun n-''tackle'' pamaén anu narajang, nalika dina panarajangan, aranjeunna kedah ngaluarkeun kagancangan jeung tanaga pikeun norobos patahanan musuh.<ref name="IRB BGRU 7"/> Jangjang biasana diposisikeun di luareun ''backline''. Kagunaan utamina nya éa ngaréngsékeun gerakan jeung usaha ''try''.{{sfn|Brown, Guthrie and Growden|(2010)}} Jangjang biasana pamaén anu panggancangna dina tim jeung atawa palumpat anu cingceng, atawa umumna di jaman modérn, gedé, kiat, sarta bisa ngéléhkeun ''tackle''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Scottish rugby welcomes back Lomu|date=7 January 2006|first=David|last=Ferguson|url=http://sport.scotsman.com/superteams/Scottish-rugby-welcomes-back-Lomu.2740238.jp|newspaper=Scotsman|accessdate=1 September 2011}}</ref> '''''Fullback'''''<br/> ''Fullback'' biasana aya sawatara méter tukangeun ''back line''. Anjeunna nyanggap tajongan musuh jeung mindeng jadi baris patahanan ahir anu kedah ditorobos ku musuh.<ref name="IRB BGRU 7"/> Dua atribut penting ti saurang ''fullback'' nu alus nyaéta kaahlian nyanggap jeung najong.<ref name = "MacDonald">{{cite book|title=Rugger Practice and Tactics – A Manual of Rugby Football Technique |first=H. F. |last=MacDonald|year=1938|page=97}}</ref> ==Aturan== {{utama|Cara maén rugbi union}} [[Image:RugbyPitchMetricDetailed-su.svg|thumb|300px|right|Diagram lapangan rugbi union midangkeun garis nu kaciri jeung jarak.]] ===Skor=== Rugbi union dimaénkeun antara 2 tim – anu skorna leuwih loba nyaéta nu meunang. Skor bisa dihasilkeun liwat sababaraha cara : ''[[try]]'', ku cara mawa bal ka aréa gawang (antara garis gawang jeung garis bal paéh) jeung bari labuh ka taneuh (''grounding''), ngahasilkeun 5 poin jeung hiji ''conversion'' anu bisa ngahasilkeun 2 poin; liwat pénalti atawa ''[[drop goal]]'' ngahasilkeun 3 poin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_9_EN.pdf|work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]]|title=Law 9 Method of Scoring|format=PDF|accessdate=15 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830123708/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_9_EN.pdf|archivedate=30 August 2011}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830123708/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_9_EN.pdf |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> Skor ti cara-cara ieu geus diganti warsih-warsih.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/scoring.htm |title=Scoring through the ages |work=rugbyfootballhistory.com |accessdate=16 August 2011}}</ref> ===Lapangan=== Lapangan rugbi sedeukeut-deukeutna maksimal panjangna 144m jeung lébar 70m.<ref name="pitch size">{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/mm/Document/LawsRegs/0/Law1EN_7709.pdf |title=Law 1: The Ground |page=21 |work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |format=PDF |accessdate=6 February 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010221022/http://www.irb.com/mm/Document/LawsRegs/0/Law1EN_7709.pdf |date=10 October 2012 }}</ref> Dina patandingan sabenerna, kedah aya jarak maksimal 100m antara dua garis ''try'', kalawan di mana waé 10 jeung 22m tukangeun garis ''try'' jadi aréa bal paéh.<ref name="pitch size"/> Aya sababaraha garis anu meunatasannana, saperti garis saparo jalan, "dua puluh dua", anu aya 22m ti garis gawang.<ref name="pitch size"/> Pos gawangna saperti hurup H, jeung miboga dua tihang, kapisah 5,6m, disambungkeun ku hiji batang horizontal 3m luhureun taneuh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_1_EN.pdf |title=Law 1 The Ground |page=1.4(a-b) |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220044847/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_1_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830124154/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_1_EN.pdf |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> Diménsi lapangan anu sabenerna mah maké [[unit impérial]], tapi geus dikonvérsi ka [[sistim métrik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/rugby_union/six_nations/618637.stm |title=A beginner's guide to ... rugby laws |work=BBC |date=31 January 2000 |accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref><ref>Sanajan diménsi lapangan geus dikonvérsi ka sistim métrik, sababaraha koméntator masih nganggo ukuran impérial basa ngarujuk kana aturan katangtu.</ref> ===Struktur patandingan=== Dina awal patandingan, kaptén ti kadua tim jeung wasit ngundi hiji koin pikeun nangtukeun tim mana anu ''kick off'' kahiji. Patandingan teras mimiti kalawan hiji ''drop kick'', jeung pamaén ngudag bal ka aréa musuh, jeung nu lian nyobian sangkan narima bal nu teras narajang. Lamun pamaén nu mawa bal di-''tackle'', salajengna bakal aya hiji [[Cara maén rugbi union#Ruck|''ruck'']].<ref name=Midgley>{{Cite book| last = Midgley| first = Ruth| coauthors = | title = The Official World Encyclopedia of Sports and Games| publisher=Diagram Group| year = 1979| location = London| url =|page=394 | isbn = 0-7092-0153-2}}</ref> Patandingan dibagi kana 2 babak masing-masing 40 menit, kalawan hiji [[Half-time|istirahat]] di tengahna.<ref name="IRBLaw5">{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_5_EN.pdf |title=Law 5: Time |work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |format=PDF |accessdate=23 September 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220045621/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_5_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929014404/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_5_EN.pdf |date=29 September 2011 }}</ref> Di babak kadua, tim silih tuker gawang.<ref name="IRBLaw5"/> Selaan pikeun kacilakaan sangkan mungkinkeun wasit ngalaksanakeun aksi disiplinér, teu kaétang salaku bagian ti wayah maén, jadi biasana waktu anu kapaké leuwih ti 80 menit.<ref name="IRBLaw5"/> Wasit miboga tanggung jawab dina netepkeun wayah, sanajan{{dash}}sakumaha dina loba turnamén{{dash}}anjeunna ditulungan ku hiji panangtu wayah resmi.<ref name="IRBLaw5"/> Upami wayahna béak tapi balna masih dimaénkeun, patandingan lanjut nepi ka balna 'paéh', jeung ngan dina éta wungkul wasit miriwit pikeun nandaan réngséna babak atawa patandingan; tapi, upamina wasti méré pénalti atawa tajongan bébas, patandingan lanjut.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rugby365.com/laws_referees/laws/578937.htm |title=Law 5 – Time |date=22 January 2007 |accessdate=9 July 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304115933/http://www.rugby365.com/laws_referees/laws/578937.htm |date=4 March 2010 }}</ref> ===Ngoper jeung najong=== Operan payun (ngalungkeun bal ka payun ka pamaén lian) teu beunang; ball ngan bisa dioper ka samping atawa ka tukang.<ref name="irblaws12">{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_12_EN.pdf |title=Law 12 Knock-on ot Throw Forward |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220045447/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_12_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830125954/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_12_EN.pdf |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> Bal bisa dicandak ka payun ku tilu cara— ditajong, dicandak lumpat, atanapi ti ''scrum'' atawa [[Cara maén rugbi union#Maul|maul]]. Pamaén anu bisa di-''tackle'' atawa di-''ruck'' ngan pamaén anu mawa bal. Basa bal dipayunkeun ku hiji pamaén maké pananganna, éta ngahasilkeun ''knock-on'', anu teras dilanjutkeun ku ''scrum''.<ref name="irblaws12"/> Sadaya pamaén tiasa najong bal ka payun pikeun miboga téritori. Basa saurang pamaén di mana waé di aréa maén najong sacara teu langsung ka ''[[Touch (rugbi)|touch]]'' jadina balna mantul dina lapangan, ''throw-in'' dilaksanakeun basa balna asup ka ''touch''.<ref name="irblaws12"/> Upami pamaén najong langusng ka ''touch'' (saperti tanpa mantul di jero lapangan heula) tina jero garis 22 méter soranganna, ''lineout'' dilaksanakeun ku tim lawan di tempat bal asup ka ''touch'', tapi upami balna langsung ditajong ka ''touch'' ku saurang pamaén di luar garis 22 méter, ''lineout'' dilaksanakeun ka tempat tajongan anu tadi dilakukeun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |title=Law 19 Touch and Lineout |page=19.1(e-h) |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220045527/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830123734/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> ===''Breakdowns''=== [[File:Schoolkids doing a rugby tackle.jpg|thumb|Hiji ''tackle'' rugbi: ''tackle'' kedah di handap beuheung kalawan tujuan ngalingan atawa ngalabuhkeun pamaén ogé balna|alt=A child running away from camera in green and black hooped rugby jersey is in the process of being tackled around the hips and legs by an opponent.]] Tujuan sisi nahan nyaéta ngeureunkeun pamaén nu mawa bal, boh liwat ngalabuhkeun manéhna (''tackle'', nu biasana dimiluan ku ''ruck''), atawa parebut posési jeung nu mawa bal dina suku (''maul''). Kaayaan kitu disebut hiji ''breakdown'' jeung miboga aturan husus. Saurang pamaén beunang n-''tackle''-an pamaén lawan anu keur miboga balna ku cara ngalabuhkeun manéhna. Anu n-''tackle'' teu beunang n-''tackle'' di luhureun taktak (tenggek jeung mastaka),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_10_EN.pdf |title=Law 10 Foul play |page=10.4(e) |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220044827/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_10_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705044255/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/law_10_en.pdf |date=5 July 2010 }}</ref> jeung nu n-''tackle'' kedah ngusahakeun ngurilingkeun leungeunna kana pamaén anu di-''tackle'' sangkan ''tackle''-na komplit. Teu beunang ngadorong, ngadu taktak, atawa néngklas pamaén lian maké suku, tapi panangan beunang dipaké (maksudna hiji ''tap-tackle'' atawa ''[[Ankle tap|ankle-tap]]'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_10_EN.pdf |title=Law 10 Foul play |page=10.4(d) |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220044827/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_10_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705044255/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/law_10_en.pdf |date=5 July 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_10_EN.pdf |title=Law 10 Foul play |page=10.4(g) |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220044827/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_10_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705044255/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/law_10_en.pdf |date=5 July 2010 }}</ref> ''Maul'' aya sanggeus saurang pamaén nu mawa bal kontak jeung lawanna tapi kadalina tetep dina sukuna; basa tilu pamaén cekap pikeun ngawangun hiji ''maul''.<ref name="Glossary"/> Hiji ''ruck'' mirip jeung ''maul'', tapi dina kasus ieu balna geus ka taneuh kalwan minimalna tilu pamaén milu ngalindungan balna.<ref name="Glossary"/> ===''Set pieces''=== [[File:Ireland vs Georgia, Rugby World Cup 2007 line up.jpg|thumb|left|[[Tim nasional rugbi union Irlandia|Irlandia]] jeung [[Tim nasional rugbi union Géorgia|Géorgia]] dina ''lineout'' basa [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 2007]]|alt=Two rows of opposing players, green to the fore, white behind, each aid a jumping player from their team by lifting him towards an off-picture ball travelling overhead.]] ====''Lineout''==== :{{utama|Line-out}} Basa balna kaluar liwat sisi lapangan, hiji [[line-out|''lineout'']] dilakukeun ku lawanna tim anu pangahirna keuna bal.<ref name="irblaws19">{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |title=Law 19 Touch and Lineout |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220045527/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830123734/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> Pamaén payun ti saban tim baris saméter kapisah, tegak lurus jeung garis ''touch'' sarta antara 5 m jeung 15 m ti garis ''touch''.<ref name="irblaws19"/> Balna dialungkeun ti garis ''touch'' ka jero lapangan ku hiji pamaén (biasana ''[[hooker (rugbi union)|hooker]]'') ti tim anu sanés pangahirna keuna bal.<ref name="irblaws19"/> Kajaba, upami balna kaluar ku lantaran hiji pénalti, tim anu ngalaksanakeun pénalti ngalakukeun ''line-out''-na.<ref name="irblaws19"/> Tim duanana parebut balna jeung pamaén beunang ngangkat réréncangan satimna.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |title=Law 19 Touch and Lineout |page=19.10 |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220045527/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830123734/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> Pamaén nu luncat teu beunang di-''tackle'' nepi ka manéhna nangtung sarta ngan kontak taktak anu diijinkeun; palanggaran anu dihaja kana aturan eiu mangrupa bahaya, jeung bisa ngahasilkeun pénalti.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |title=Law 19 Touch and Lineout |page=19.8(p) |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220045527/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830123734/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_19_EN.pdf |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> ====''Scrum''==== {{utama|Scrum (rugbi union)}} [[File:Scrum-1.JPG|thumb|right|Hiji ''[[scrum (rugbi)|scrum]]''|alt=Two opposing formations of eight men, in white and black to the left, red and black to the right, push against each other in a crouched position; behind them stands another player and the referee.]] Hiji ''scrum'' mangrupa hiji cara pikeun 'ngamimitian' deui patandingan kalawan aman jeung adil sanggeus palanggaran leutik.<ref name="irblaws20">{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_20_EN.pdf |title=Law 20 Scrum |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220045535/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_20_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830130008/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_20_EN.pdf |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> ''Scrum'' dilaksanakeun ku lantaran operan payun, ''[[Offside (rugbi)#Rugbi union|offside]]'', atawa upami balna kakurung dina ''ruck'' atawa ''maul'' tanpa kasempetan bal kaambil. Hiji tim bisa ogé milih ''scrum'' salaku hadiah pénaltina.<ref name="irblaws20"/> Hiji ''scrum'' diwangun ti 8 pamaén payun ti saban tim ngariung dina 3 baris.<ref name="irblaws20"/> Baris payun ngawengku 2 ''prop'' (''loosehead'' jeung ''tighthead'') atawa sisi ''hooker''.<ref name="irblaws20"/> Baris kadua ngawengku 2 ''lock'' jeung 2 ''flanker''. Tukangeun baris kadua nyaéta si nomer 8. Formasi ieu kawanoh salaku formasi 3–4–1.<ref name="FormingScrum">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205334.stm |title=Forming a scrum |publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=13 August 2011 | date=14 September 2005}}</ref> Basa hiji ''scrum'' kawangun, ''scrum-half'' ti tim anu dihadiahan nga-''feed'' (méré) balna ka sela antara dua baris payun (kawanoh salaku ''tunnel'').<ref name="irblaws20"/> Dua ''hooker'' teras parebut ku cara nyapukeun bal na ka tukang maké suku, samentara masing-masing kelompok nyoba ngadorong kelompok ''scrum'' musuhna pikeun ngalindungan posési.<ref name="irblaws20"/> Tim anu meunangkeun posési mindahkeun balna ka bagian tukangna ''scrum'', di mana balna dicandak ku nu nomer 8 atawa ku ''scrum-half''.<ref name="irblaws20"/> ===Ofisial jeung sanksi=== Aya 3 ofisial patandingan: hiji wasit jeung dua asistén wasit.<ref name="IRBLaw6">{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_6_EN.pdf |title=Law 6: Match officials |work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |format=PDF |accessdate=19 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220044908/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_6_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830125555/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_6_EN.pdf |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> Asistén wasit, baheulana kawanoh salaku hakim ''toucdh'', miboga fungsi utami pikeun nunjukkeun di mana balna kaluar ti lapangan; peranna geus dilegaan jeung aranjeunna ayeuna bisa ngiringan wasit pikeun rupa-rupa tujuan, saperti nunjukkeun palanggaran jeung mariksa garis ''off-side''.<ref name="IRBLaw6"/> Tambahannana, pikeun patandingan di kompetisi luhur, sok aya ofisial patandingan télévisi (''Television Match Official'' TMO; populérna disebut "wasit vidéo"), pikeun nulungan sababaraha kaputusan, disambungkeun ka wasit ku radio.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-union/news-comment/peter-bills-refereeing-protocol-rules-over-common-sense-2242369.html |title=Peter Bills: Refereeing protocol rules over common sense |work=The Independent|first=Peter|last=Bills |accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref> Para wasit miboga sistim sinyal tangan pikeun ngindikasikeun kaputusannana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coachingrugby.com/OpenPagesContent.do?requestType1=currentIssues/&requestType2=lawsSignals |title=Referee Signals |work=coachingrugby.com |accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref> Hukuman umum contona n-''tackle'' luhureun taktak, rubuh dina ''scrum'', ''ruck'', atanapi ''maul'', teu ngalepaskeun bal basa di taneuh, atawa ''off-side''.<ref name="Law10">{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_10_EN.pdf |title=Law 10: Foul Play |work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |format=PDF |page=70 |accessdate=19 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220044827/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_10_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705044255/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/law_10_en.pdf |date=5 July 2010 }}</ref> Lawanna tim anu ngalanggar aturan miboga sababaraha pilihan pikeun hadiahna: hiji tajongan "tap" (balna ditajong ka jarak anu deukeut pisan ti tangan, mungkinkeun nu najongna nyandak balna deui jeung tuluy lumpat barina), hiji ''punt'' (balna ditajong ka jarak nu jauh ti tangan, pikeun posisi lapangan), hiji ''place-kick'' (nu najongna bakal nyobian nyitak gol), atawa hiji ''scrum''.<ref name="Law10"/> Pamaén bisa dikaluarkeun (dibéré [[Kartu pénalti#Kartu beureum|kartu beureum]]) atawa ditunda ("''sin-binned''") pikeun 10 menit ([[Kartu pénalti#Kartu konéng|kartu konéng]]) ku lantaran palanggaran, jeung teu beunang diganti.<ref name="Law10"/> ===Panggantian jeung substitusi=== Dina patandingan, pamaén bisa diganti (ku lantaran kacilakaan) atawa disubstitusi (pikeun alesan taktik).<ref name="Law3"/> Saurang pamaén nu geus diganti teu beunang maén deui iwal anjeunna diganti saheulaan pikeun ngadalian ciderana; saurang pamaén anu geus disubstitusi bisa maén deui saheulaan, pikeun ngaganti pamaén anu boga rahut nu getihan, atawa permanén, upami ngagantikeun pamaén baris payun.<ref name="Law3"/> Dina patandingan internasional, 7 panggantian diijinkeun; di turnamén domstik atawa antarbeungeut, dina kawijaksanaan babon organisasina, jumlahna bisa ditambihkeun nepi ka 8, nu mana 3 kedah geus dilatih jeung mibanda pangalaman anu cekap pikeun nyadiakeun pangaling pikeun tilu pamaén baris payun.<ref name="Uncontested">{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=2033086.html#irb+acts+uncontested+scrums |title=IRB acts on uncontested scrums |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date=19 August 2009 |accessdate=23 September 2009 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822203000/http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=2033086.html#irb+acts+uncontested+scrums |date=22 August 2009 }}</ref> ==Pakakas== {{utama|Pakakas rugbi union}} Pakakas dasar ti rugbi union nyaéta balna, baju rugbi, [[calana pondok rugbi]], kaos suku, jeung sapatu. Bal rugbi bentukna oval, (téhnisna [[buleud manjang]]), jeung dijieun ti 4 panel.<ref name="IRBLaw2">{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/mm/Document/LawsRegs/0/Law2EN_7708.pdf |title=Law 2 The Ball |page=27 |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=15 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091116195453/http://www.irb.com/mm/document/lawsregs/0/law2en_7708.pdf |date=16 November 2009 }}</ref> Balna baheula dijieun ti kulit, tapi ayeuna bisana ngagunakeun bal anu dijieun ti matérial sintétis. IRB ngaluarkeun ukuran spésifik bal, panjang 280-300mm, kuriling panjang 740-770mm, jeung kuriling lébar 580-620mm.<ref name="IRBLaw2"/> Sapatu rugbi miboga sol jeung [[pul]] anu mungkinkeun cekelan kana taneuh lapangan. Pulna bisa dijieun ti logam atawa plastik tapi teu kénging seukeut.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_4_EN.pdf |title=Law 4 Players' clothing (4.3b) |page=40 |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220045617/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/Law_4_EN.pdf |archivedate=20 February 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215090105/http://www.irblaws.com/downloads/EN/law_4_en.pdf |date=15 February 2010 }}</ref> Pakakas palindung opsional sarta aya aturannana. Pakakas anu paling umum nyaéta [[palindung baham]], anu dipaké ku ampir sadaya pamaén, jeung mangrupa pakakas rugbi wajib dina sababaraha nagara.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.coachingtoolbox.co.nz/rugbysmart/protective-equipment/ |title=Protect Your Assets: Mouthguards |accessdate=23 September 2011 |publisher=coaching toolbox.co.nz }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208034203/http://www.coachingtoolbox.co.nz/rugbysmart/protective-equipment/ |date=8 February 2013 }}</ref> Pakakas palindung lianna contona [[hélm scrum|hélm]]; ipis (teu leuwih ti 10&nbsp;mm), alas taktak hampang, jeung [[palindung sampéan]]; anu dipaké di jero kaos suku.<ref name="dress">{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/mm/document/lawsregs/0/regulation12090603_8287.pdf |title=Regulation 12 Provisions relating to player dress |format=PDF |accessdate=6 February 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514141522/http://www.irb.com/mm/document/lawsregs/0/regulation12090603_8287.pdf |date=14 May 2013 }}</ref> Perban atanapi bandana kénging dipaké; sababaraha pamaén maké bandana di mastakana pikeun ngalindungan cepil dina ''scrum'' jeung ''ruck''. Pamaén awéwé beunang ogé maké ales dada.<ref name="dress"/> Sanajan teu dipaké pikeun palindungan, sababaraha rupa sarung tangan tanpa ramo diidinkeun pikeun nambihan cekelan.<ref name="dress"/> mangrupa tanggung jawab ofisial patandingan pikeun mariksa pakakas jeung pakéan pamaén saméméh tanding mastikeun yén saluyu jeung aturan maén.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irblaws.com/EN/laws/2/4/36/before-the-match/players-clothing/inspection-of-players-clothing/#clause_36 |title=4.5 Inspection of players' clothing) |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829200052/http://www.irblaws.com/EN/laws/2/4/36/before-the-match/players-clothing/inspection-of-players-clothing/#clause_36 |date=29 August 2011 }}</ref> ==Babon organisasi== {{Tempo ogé|International Rugby Board}} Babon organisasi internasional rugbi union (jeung kaulinan anu kaasosiasina kawas [[rugbi tujuh]]) nyaéta [[International Rugby Board]] (IRB).<ref name="IRB Organisation"/> IRB markasna aya di [[Dublin]], Irlandia.<ref name="IRB Organisation"/> IRB, diadegkeun dina 1886, mingpin olahraga ieu disakuliah dunya jeung ngabéwarakeun aturan maén sarta [[Réngking Dunya IRB|réngking]].<ref name="IRB Organisation"/> Dina Nopémber 2010, IRB miboga 118 kahijian di kaanggotaannana, boh anggota pinuh atawa nu kaasosiasi.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=2041050.html | title=Iran becomes 118th IRB Member Union | work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] | date=25 November 2010 | accessdate=18 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128090509/http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=2041050.html |date=28 November 2010 }}</ref> Dumasar kana IRB, rugbi union dimaénkeun ku lalaki jeung awéwé di leuwih ti 100 nagara.<ref name="IRB Organisation"/> IRB ngadalikeun [[Piala Dunya Rugbi]],<ref name="IRB Organisation"/> [[Piala Dunya Rugbi Awéwé]],<ref>{{cite web | work=rwcwomens.com | title=IRB Women's Rugby World Cup | url=http://www.rwcwomens.com/ | accessdate=24 September 2011 | date= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917121216/http://www.rwcwomens.com/ |date=17 September 2010 }}</ref> [[Piala Dunya Rugbi Tujuh]],<ref>{{cite web | work=stuff.co.nz |title = Russia to host 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/international/sevens/5634035/Russia-to-host-2013-Rugby-World-Cup-Sevens| accessdate=24 September 2011|date=15 September 2011}}</ref> [[IRB Sevens World Series]],<ref>{{cite web | work=irbsevens.com | title=Rules | url=http://www.irbsevens.com/rules/index.html | accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903015900/http://www.irbsevens.com/rules/index.html |date=3 September 2011 }}</ref> [[IRB Junior World Championship|Junior World Championship]],<ref>{{cite web| work=IRB.com| title=Chile to host IRB Junior World Trophy| url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=2000098.html| accessdate=24 September 2011| date=31 August 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518111417/http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=2000098.html |date=18 May 2011 }}</ref> [[IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy|Junior World Trophy]],<ref>{{cite web | work=IRB.com | title=IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy | url=http://www.irb.com/jwrt/rules/index.html | accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325160709/http://www.irb.com/jwrt/rules/index.html |date=25 March 2008 }}</ref> [[IRB Nations Cup|Nations Cup]]<ref>{{cite web | work=IRB.com | title=Nations Cup | url=http://www.irb.com/nationscup/news/index.html | accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824035936/http://www.irb.com/nationscup/news/index.html |date=24 August 2011 }}</ref>, sarta [[Piala Bangsa-Bangsa Pasifik]].<ref>{{cite web | work=IRB.com | title=Pacific Nations Cup | url=http://www.irb.com/pacificnationscup/index.html | accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902103431/http://www.irb.com/pacificnationscup/index.html |date=2 September 2011 }}</ref> 6 asosiasi régional, anu mangrupa anggota IRB, nyaéta: * [[Konféderasi Rugbi Afrika]] (CAR)<ref>{{cite web|work=IRB.com|title=African Rugby unveils blueprint for growth|url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=2041287.html|date=24 December 2010|accessdate=24 September 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113151724/http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=2041287.html |date=13 January 2011 }}</ref> * [[Uni Maén Bal Rugbi Asia]] (ARFU)<ref>{{cite web|work=IRB.com|title=HSBC extends commitment to Asian rugby|url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/regional/newsid=2041344.html|date=19 January 2011|accessdate=24 September 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016042833/http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/regional/newsid=2041344.html |date=16 October 2012 }}</ref> * [[Asosiasi Rugbi Amérika Kalér jeung Karibia]] (NACRA)<ref>{{cite web | work=nawira.com | title=About North America Caribbean Rugby Association "NACRA" | url=http://www.nawira.com/about/ | accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625043327/http://www.nawira.com/about/ |date=25 June 2013 }}</ref> * [[FIRA - Asosiasi Rugbi Éropa|Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur – Association Européenne de Rugby]] (FIRA-AER)<ref name="FIRA">{{cite web | work=fira-aer-rugby.com | title=FIRA-AER History | url=http://www.fira-aer-rugby.com/article-28.htm | accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427115039/http://www.fira-aer-rugby.com/article-28.htm |date=27 April 2013 }}</ref> * [[Féderasi Union Rugbi Oséania]] (FORU)<ref>{{cite web | work=oceaniarugby.com | title=FORU Mission | url=http://oceaniarugby.com/home.html | accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004102301/http://oceaniarugby.com/home.html |date=4 October 2011 }}</ref> * [[Confederación Sudamericana de Rugby]] (South American Rugby Confederation) (CONSUR)<ref>{{cite web | work=consur.org |title =Confederación Sudamericana de Rugby (CONSUR)|url=http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.consur.org/&ei=O6h9Tv-5IKaR0AWPv9AC&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dconsur%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D623%26prmd%3Dimvns |accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref> [[SANZAR]] (''South Africa, New Zealand and Australia Rugby''; Rugbi Afrika Kidul, Selandia Anyar, jeung Australia) nyaéta gabungan ti [[Union Rugbi Afrika Kidul]], [[Union Rugbi Selandia Anyar]], jeung [[Union Rugbi Australia]] anu ngurus [[Super Rugby]] jeung [[Kajuaraan Rugbi|Kajuaraan Rugbi (''The Rugby Championship'')]] (baheulana ''Tri Nations'' saméméh asupna Argéntina).<ref>{{cite web | work=rugbyweek.com | title=SANZAR Boss Peters defends TriNations timing | url=http://www.rugbyweek.com/news/article.asp?id=31407 | accessdate=24 September 2011 | date=4 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326201127/http://www.rugbyweek.com/news/article.asp?id=31407 |date=26 March 2012 }}</ref> Sanajan [[Union Rugbi Argéntina]] awalna teu boga pawakilan dina SANZAR, tapi geus dibéré aksés ka kagiatan organisasi, utamina Kajuaraaan Rugbi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allblacks.com/news/18009/SANZAR-remains-intact |title=SANZAR remains intact |first=James |last=Mortimer |work=[[New Zealand Rugby Union|AllBlacks.com]] |date=9 November 2011 |accessdate=10 November 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227101127/http://www.allblacks.com/news/18009/SANZAR-remains-intact |date=27 December 2012 }}</ref> Union nasional nénjo rugbi union dina nagara sosorangan jeung kaafiliasi kana IRB. Déwan IRB miboga 26 korsi.<ref name="IRB Organisation">{{cite web | work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] | title=IRB Organisation | url=http://www.irb.com/aboutirb/organisation/index.html | accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922095704/http://www.irb.com/aboutirb/organisation/index.html |date=22 September 2011 }}</ref> ==Sakuliah dunya== {{see also|Daptar nagara nu maén rugbi union}} [[File:URBA Finals.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Final Rugbi [[URBA]] 2007|alt=An airborne player wearing a hooped blue and yellow jersey is challenged by two opponents after leaping to catch a high ball.]] [[File:Germany vs Belgium rugby match.jpg|thumb|Jérman lawan Bélgia]] [[File:Walers Japan Rugby World Cup 2007 09 20 supporters1.jpg|thumb|right|Pandukung Jepang jeung Wales di [[Cardiff]], Wales|alt=A group of thirteen supporters pose together, some wearing rugby jerseys while others sport traditional Japanese costumes and Japanese flags.]] Nagara anu pangawalna ngadopsi rugbi union nyaéta [[Rugbi union di Inggris|Inggris]], nagara asal, teras dimiluan ku 3 Nagara Asal (''Home Nations'') nu lian, [[Rugbi union di Skotlandia|Skotlandia]], [[Rugbi union di Irlandia|Irlandia]], jeung [[Rugbi union di Wales|Wales]]. Sumebarna rugbi union salaku olahraga dunya bisa ditulusur kana pamawaanna ku ékspatriat Britania, personél militér, jeung mahasiswa universitas di luar nagri. Hiji klub rugbi dibentuk di Sydney, [[Rugbi union di Australia|Australia]] dina 1864; samentara olahraga ieu disebut geus dipikawanohkeun ka [[Rugbi union di Selandia Anyar|Selandia Anyar]] ku Charles Munro dina 1870, anu maénkeun rugbi basa minangka murid di [[Kampus Christ (Finchley)|Christ's College, Finchley]].<ref name="Godwin10"/> Klub rugbi nu kahiji di [[Rugbi union di Perancis|Perancis]] diwangun ku padumuk Britania di Le Havre dina 1872, samentara taunsalajengna [[Rugbi union di Argéntina|Argéntina]] miboga patandingan nu kahijina: 'Banks' v 'City' di Buenos Aires.<ref name="Godwin11">{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=11}}</ref> Di Amérika Kalér, hiji klub dibentuk di Montréal dina 1868, klub kahijina [[Rugbi union di Kanada|Kanada]]. Kota Montréal ogé maénkeun peranna dina pamikawanohan olahraga ieu di [[Rugbi union di Amérika Sarikat|Amérika Sarikat]], basa mahasiswa [[Universitas McGill]] ngalawan hiji tim ti [[Universitas Harvard]] dina 1874.<ref name="Godwin10"/><ref name="Godwin11"/> Dina 1875, rugbi dipikawanohkeun ka [[Rugbi union di Afrika Kidul|Afrika Kidul]] ku prajurit Britania di Cape Town.<ref name="Godwin11"/> Sababaraha nagara kapuloan geus ngadukung olahraga ieu, loba anu dipikawanohkeun ku Britania, tapi teras nyebarkeun ka nagara tatanggana bari néangan musuh luar nagri. Rugbi kahiji kalina dimaénkeun di [[Rugbi union di Fiji|Fiji]] kira-kira dina 1884 ku prajurit Éropa jeung Fiji ti Angkatan Kapulisian Pribumi di [[Ba (kota)|Ba]] di Pulo Viti Levu.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=74}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/5392022.stm | title=Fire and flair: Fijian rugby |work=BBC Sport |first=Sean|last=Davies | date= | accessdate=20 September 2011}}</ref> Fiji teras ngintunkeun timna ka [[Rugbi union di Samoa|Samoa]] dina 1924, anu ngadegkeun [[Union Rugbi Samoa|unionna]] dina 1927.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=174}}</ref> Nagara lian anu miboga tim rugbi nasional di Oséania contona [[Rugbi union di Kapuloan Cook|Kapuloan Cook]], [[Rugbi union di Niue|Niue]], [[Rugbi union di Papua Nugini|Papua Nugini]], jeung [[Rugbi union di Kapuloan Solomon|Kapuloan Solomon]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://oceaniarugby.com/member_unions/foru_member_union_american_samoa.html | title=Member Unions | work=oceaniarugby.com | date= | accessdate=1 October 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331061452/http://www.oceaniarugby.com/member_unions/foru_member_union_american_samoa.html |date=31 March 2015 }}</ref> Sanajan kaping pastina kadatangan rugbi union di [[Rugbi union di Trinidad jeung Tobago|Trinidad jeung Tobago]] teu kawanoh, klub kahijina, Northern RFC, dibentuk dina 1923, hiji tim nasional maén dina 1927 sarta ku lantaran hiji tur nu dibolaykeun ka [[Guiana Britania]] dina 1933, ngarobih tujuanna ka [[Rugbi union di Barbados|Barbados]]; mikawanohkeun rugbi ka ditu.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=160}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=43}}</ref> Nagara Atlantik lian nu maénkeun rugbi union contona [[Rugbi union di Jamaika|Jamaika]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000064/index.html | title=Jamaica | work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] | date= | accessdate=6 October 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928002800/http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000064/index.html |date=28 September 2011 }}</ref> jeung [[Rugbi union di Bermuda|Bermuda]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000040/index.html | title=Bermuda | work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] | date= | accessdate=6 October 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915192248/http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000040/index.html |date=15 September 2011 }}</ref> Nyebarna rugbi union di Éropa téh sporadis. Sajarahna, ku sabab kirangna patandingan internasional antara tim kandang Britania jeung Irlandia, anu leuwih kapincut kana ngalawan raksasa Hémisfér Kidul Australia, Selandia Anyar, jeung Afrika Kidul, bagian Éropa lianna dipaksa pikeun nyieun hiji 'tingkat kadua' pikeun patandingan rugbi internasional. Salaku hiji nagara daratan utama jeung dina jaman nalika diisolasi ku Union Britania jeung Irlandia, Perancis jadi sahiji-hijina tim Éropa ti tingkat atas pikeun sacara régulér ngalawan nagara Éropa lianna; utamina [[Rugbi union di Bélgia|Bélgia]], [[Rugbi union di Walanda|Walanda]], [[Rugbi union di Jérman|Jérman]], [[Rugbi union di Spanyol|Spanyol]], [[Rugbi union di Romania|Romania]], [[Rugbi union di Polandia|Polandia]], [[Rugbi union di Italia|Italia]], jeung [[Rugbi union di Cékoslowakia|Cékoslowakia]].<ref name="FIRA"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Dine |first=Philip |coauthors= |title=French Rugby Football |url=https://archive.org/details/frenchrugbyfootb0000dine |year=2001 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/frenchrugbyfootb0000dine/page/79 79]–94|publisher=Berg |location=Oxford |isbn=1-85973-327-1}}</ref> Dina 1934, diusulkeun ku [[Féderasi Rugbi Perancis]], [[FIRA – Association of European Rugby|FIRA]] (Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur) diwangun pikeun ngatur rugbi union di luar otoritas IRB.<ref name="FIRA"/> Anggota pawangunna nyaéta Italia, Romania, Walanda, Katalonia, Portugal, Cékoslowakia, jeung Swédia. Nagara Éropa lianna anu maén rugbi union di antarana [[Rugbi union di Rusia|Rusia]], anu patandingan resmi anu kacutatna ditandaan ku tepungna Dynamo Moskwa jeung Institut Ilmu Olahraga Moskwa dina 1933.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=148}}</ref> Sanajan Argéntina mangrupa nagara pamaén rugbi anu katelah ti Amérika Kidul, ngadegkeun [[Rugbi Union Argéntina]] dina 1899,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/8362870.stm | title=Puma power: Argentinian rugby |work=BBC Sport |first=Sean|last=Davies | date=16 November 2009 | accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref> sababaraha nagara lian di buanana ogé miboga sajarah rugbi. Rugbi geus dimaénkeun di [[Rugbi union di Brasil|Brasil]] ti ahir abad ka-19, tapi kaulinan ieu dimaénkeun sacara kaatur ti 1926, basa São Paulo ngéléhkeun Santos dina hiji patandingan antarkota.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=48}}</ref> Mibutuhkeun sababaraha panolakan pikeun [[Rugbi union di Uruguay|Uruguay]] ngadopsi olahraga ieu, diluluguan ku utamina raloba dukungan ti [[Klub Krikét Montevideo]]; lanjuy dina 1951 kalawan diwangunna hiji liga nasional jeung 4 klub.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=166}}</ref> Nagara di Amérika Kidul lianna anu geus ngadegkeun hiji union rugbi contona [[Rugbi union di Cili|Cili]] (1948),<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=58}}</ref> jeung [[Rugbi union di Paraguay|Paraguay]] (1968).<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=127}}</ref> Loba nagara ti Asia anu tradisina maénkeun rugbi bisa ditulusuran ka jaman panjajahan Kakaisaran Britania. [[Rugbi union di India|India]] mimiti maénkeun rugbi dina awal 1870-an, [[Klub Maén Bal Kalkuta]] ngabentuk dina 1872. sanggeus ditarikna dinas Britania ti wewengkon ieu dina ahir dékade éta, rugbi di India ngangkleung. Paninggalan India kana olahraga ieu nyaéta [[Piala Kalkuta]] ka Uni Maén Bal Rugbi; tropi rugbi anu pangkolotna sadunya anu diparebutkeun taunan antara Inggris jeung Skotlandia.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=92}}</ref> [[Rugbi union di Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]] ngaklaim geus ngawangun unionna dina 1878, jeung sanajan sautik informasi resmi ti jaman éta kasadia, timna meunangkeun piala All-India di Madras dina 1920.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=152}}</ref> [[Rugbi union di Malaysia|Malaysia]] ogé miboga cutatan buruk. Sajarahna, patandingan anu kahijina kacutat di Malaysia nyaéta dina 1892, tapi konfirmasi tina kahiji kalina ayana rugbi nyaéta ayana ''HMS Malaya Cup'' anu, dingaranan dumasar [[HMS Malaya|HMS ''Malaya'']], anu dipidangkeun kahiji kalina dina 1922 jeung masih dihadiahkeun kana pameunang rugbi tujuh Malaysia.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|pp=112–113}}</ref> Rugbi union dipikawanohkeun ka [[Rugbi union di Jepang|Jepang]] dina 1899 ku [[Ginnosuke Tanaka]], saurang murid ti [[Trinity Hall, Cambridge]] sarta [[Edward Bramwell Clarke]], anu balajar dina [[Kampus Corpus Christi, Cambridge]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=105}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/6157863.stm | title=Eastern Promise: Japanese rugby |work=BBC Sport |first=Sean|last=Davies | date=12 February 2007 | accessdate=20 September 2011}}</ref> RFU Jepang diwangun dina 1926 jeung tempatna dina sajarah rugbi direketkeun ku warta yén Jepang bakal jadi nagara palaksana [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 2019]].<ref name="2015 bid">{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/8170488.stm | title=England will host 2015 World Cup |work=BBC Sport | date=28 July 2009 | accessdate=7 February 2010}}</ref> Hal ieu bisa jadi kahiji kalina nagara di luar Pasamakmuran, Irlandia, jeung Perancis anu ngalaksanekun acara éta, jeung diténjo ku IRB salaku hiji kamungkinan keur rugbi union mébérkeun jangjangna leuwih lega,<ref name="2015 bid"/> utamina di Asia. Nagara ti Asia lianna anu maén rugbi union di antarana [[Rugbi union di Singapura|Singapura]], [[Rugbi union di Koréa Kidul|Koréa Kidul]], sarta [[Rugbi union di Cina|Cina]], samentara urut jajahan Britania, [[Rugbi union di Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] katelah dina rugbi ti pamekaranna dina rugbi tujuh, utamina turnamén [[Hong Kong Sevens]] anu diadegkeun dina 1976.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irbsevens.com/news/newsid=2042721.html | title=HSBC join Cathay as Hong Kong Sevens sponsors | work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] | date=18 May 2011 | accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611204444/http://www.irbsevens.com/news/newsid=2042721.html |date=11 June 2011 }}</ref> [[File:Ivory Coast rugby union team in 2008.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Tim nasional Basisir Gading saméméh [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 2011 – Kualifikasi Afrika|kualifikasina]]; vs. Zambia dina 21 Juli 2008.|alt=A close up shot of the Ivory Coast players, in their country's orange jerseys, entering the field from the dressing room tunnel.]] Rugbi di wewengkon Teluk jeung Wétan Tengah miboga sajarahna dina 1950-an, kalawan klub-na dibentuk ku dinas Britania jeung Perancis anu ditempatkeun di wewengkon ieu sanggeus Perang Dunya II.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=42}}</ref> Basa aranjeunna arangkat, klub jeung tim-tim tetep diayakeun ku profésional ngora, kalobannana urang Éropa, anu gawé di nagara ieu. Union resmi [[Rugbi union di Oman|Oman]] dibentuk dina 1971, kalawan Yang Mulia [[Qaboos bin Said al Said]] salaku Palindung.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=126}}</ref> [[Rugbi union di Bahrain|Bahrain]] ngabentuk unionna sataun sanggeusna, samentara dina 1975, [[Dubai Sevens]], turnamén rugbi wewengkon Teluk kawentar, dijieun ku by Klub Rugbi Dubai Exiles. Rugbi tetep minangka olahraga minoritas di wewengkon ieu kalawan [[Rugbi union di Israél|Israél]], sakumaha dina 2011, jadi union anggota sahiji-hijina ti Wétan Tengah anu kaasup kana Réngking Dunya IRB.<ref name="Full rankings">{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/rankings/full.html |title=IRB World Rankings |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |accessdate=18 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810042746/http://www.irb.com/rankings/full.html |date=10 August 2011 }}</ref> Rugbi union di Afrika nyebar dina ahir abad ka-19 jeung awal abad ka-20 utamina ku padumuk jeung panjajah anu mindeng maké kawijakan 'bodas-wungkul' dina maénkeunnana. Hal ieu nyababkeun rugbi ditempo salaku hiji olahraga borjuis kju urang pribumi kalawan daya tarik anu leutik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wesclark.com/rrr/kenya_rugby.html |title=A Review of Kenyan Rugby |publisher=wesclark.com|first=Michael Mundia |last=Kamau |accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref> Nagara nu kahijina nempo pamaénan rugbi kompetitif contona Afrika Kidul, jeung tatanggana, [[Rugbi union di Rodésia|Rodésia]] (ayeuna Zimbabwé), anu ngawangun Union Maén Bal Rugbi Rodésia dina 1895.<ref>{{Harvnb|Godwin|1981|p=15}}</ref> Kalawan labuhna kakawasaan panjajah, kapopuléran rugbi ngirang, tapi kiwari, olahraga ieu didukung ku sababaraha nagara Afrika. Dina awal abad ka-21, [[Rugbi union di Madagaskar|Madagaskar]] ngalaman panongton saloba 40.000 dina patandingan internasional,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4471650.stm |title=Madagascar rugby inspires new passion |publisher=BBC Sport|first=Tim |last=Cocks|date=26 November 2005 |accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref> samentara Namibia, anu sajarah rugbina bis ditulusuran ka 1915, geus pernah asup sababaraha kali ka jirangan final Piala Dunya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/8951401.stm |title=Namibia rugby: Out of Boks' shadow |publisher=BBC Sport|first=Sean |last=Davies|date=4 September 2010 |accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref> Nagara Afrika lianna anu midang dina Réngking Dunya IRB salaku Union Anggota contona [[Rugbi union di Basisir Gading|Basisir Gading]], [[Rugbi union di Kénya|Kénya]], [[Rugbi union di Uganda|Uganda]], sarta [[Rugbi union di Zambia|Zambia]].<ref name="Full rankings"/> Afrika Kidul jeung Kénya aya dina 12 "tim inti" anu milu dina sadaya pasanggiri Séri Tujuh Dunya IRB.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.irbsevens.com/destination/edition=9/news/newsid=2048923.html#teams+announced+gold+coast+kick |title=Teams announced for Gold Coast kickoff |publisher=International Rugby Board |date=8 September 2011 |accessdate=13 November 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011152812/http://irbsevens.com/destination/edition=9/news/newsid=2048923.html#teams+announced+gold+coast+kick |date=11 October 2011 }}</ref> Saminimialna aya 6 nagara anu ngadopsi rugbi union salaku [[olahraga nasional]]na sacara ''[[de facto]]''; nyaéta Fiji,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/international/4272324.stm |title=Fire and flair: Fijian rugby |publisher=BBC Sport|first=Sean |last=Davies |date=13 October 2005 |accessdate=17 August 2011}}</ref> [[Rugbi union di Géorgia|Géorgia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/jwrt/news/newsid=2042633.html |title=Scene set for an exciting Junior Trophy |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date=13 May 2011 |accessdate=17 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518181350/http://www.irb.com/jwrt/news/newsid=2042633.html |date=18 May 2011 }}</ref> Selandia Anyar,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/28/4/229.abstract |title=The New Zealand Rugby Injury and Performance Project: II. Previous injury experience of a rugby-playing cohort |publisher=British Medical Journal |year=1994|author=Gerrard, D.F.; Waller, A.E.; Bird, Y.N. |accessdate=17 August 2011}}</ref> Samoa,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/rugby_world_cup/team_pages/samoa/3079758.stm |title=Sititi targets pool's big fish |publisher=BBC Sport |date=26 September 2003 |accessdate=17 August 2011}}</ref> [[Rugbi union di Tonga|Tonga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nzte.govt.nz/latest-events/Rugby-World-Cup-2011/Documents/Country%20brief%20-%20Tonga.pdf|title=Exporter Guide: Tonga|publisher=New Zealand Trade and Enterprise|year=2010|accessdate=17 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928064142/http://www.nzte.govt.nz/latest-events/Rugby-World-Cup-2011/Documents/Country%20brief%20-%20Tonga.pdf|archivedate=28 September 2011}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928064142/http://www.nzte.govt.nz/latest-events/Rugby-World-Cup-2011/Documents/Country%20brief%20-%20Tonga.pdf |date=28 September 2011 }}</ref>, jeung Wales.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor1-first=John |editor1-last=Davies|editor1-link=John Davies (historian) |editor2-first=Nigel |editor2-last=Jenkins |editor2-link=Nigel Jenkins |editor3-first=Menna |editor3-last=Baines|editor4-first=Peredur I. |editor4-last=Lynch |editor4-link=Peredur Lynch |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Wales|The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales]] |year=2008 |publisher=University of Wales Press |location=Cardiff|page=782 |isbn=978-0-7083-1953-6}}</ref> ==Rugbi union putri== [[File:Women's Rugby Mark.jpg|thumb|left|Rugbi union putri AS: NC Hustlers vs. Midwest II|alt=A female player in yellow and green kit and wearing a white scrum cap, jumps to collect a ball while supported by team mates.]] {{utama|Rugbi union putri}} Cutatan ngeunaan maén bal rugbi putri balik ka ahir abad ka-19, kalawan sumber kacutat kahiji nyaéta tulisan Emily Valentine, nu nyebutkeun yén anjeunna ngajieun hiji tim rugbi di [[Sakola Portora Royal]] di Enniskillen, Irlandia dina 1887.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishrugby.ie/news/13664.php |title=Emily Valentine: First Lady Of Irish And World Rugby |work=IrishRugby.ie |date=20 January 2010 |accessdate=5 November 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922022257/http://www.irishrugby.ie/news/13664.php |date=22 September 2013 }}</ref> Sanajan aya laporan patandingan-patandingan rugbi putri awal di Selandia Anyar jeung Perancis, salah sahiji patandingan kahiji anu kaciri pikeun ngabuktikeun bukti utami nyaéta panglawungan antara Cardiff Ladies jeung Newport Ladies dina 1917.<ref>{{cite book |last=Davies |first=D.E. |title=Cardiff Rugby Club, History and Statistics 1876–1975 |year=1975 |publisher=The Starling Press |location=Risca|pages=70–71 |isbn=0950442100}}</ref> Dina sababaraha taun ahir ieu, popularitas rugbi union dina atlét putri geus tumuwuh, sarta, dumasar kana IRB, ayeuna dimaénkeun di leuwih ti 100 nagara.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/womensrugby/index.html |title=Great potential for Women's Rugby in Japan |work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date=22 February 2011 |accessdate=23 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707010439/http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/womensrugby/index.html |date=7 July 2014 }}</ref> Union Maén Bal Rugbi Putri Inggris (''Women's Rugby Football Union''; WRFU), tanggung jawab kana rugbi putri di Inggris, Skotlandia, Irlandia, jeung Wales, dibentuk dina 1983, jeung mangrupa babon organisasi nasional resmi anu pangkolotna pikeun rugbi putri.<ref name="WRFU">{{cite web|url=http://www.rwcwomens.com/history/index.html |title=RFUW: A Brief History |work=[[Rugby Football Union|RFU]] |date= |accessdate=28 September 2011}}</ref> Union ieu teras diganti dina 1994 ku [[Union Maén Bal Rugbi pikeun Putri]] (''Rugby Football Union for Women''; RFUW) di Inggris kalawan masing-masing Nagara Asal lianna ngurusan nagarana.<ref name="WRFU"/> Kompetisi internasional utamina dina rugbi union putri nyaéta [[Piala Dunya Rugbi Putri]], kahiji lumangsung dina 1991.<ref name="Women's Rugby">{{cite web|url=http://www.rwcwomens.com/history/index.html |title=Women's Rugby World Cup history|work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |date= |accessdate=5 August 2011}}</ref> Ti 1994, Piala Dunya Rugbi Putri dilaksanakeun saban 4 warsih.<ref name="Women's Rugby"/> ==Kompetisi internasional utami==<!-- This section is linked from [[BBC Radio Five Live]] --> {{details|Daptar kompetisi rugbi union}} [[File:Coupe du monde rugby - tour Eiffel.JPG|thumb|Hiji bal rugbi gedé nu ngagumantung kana [[Munara Eiffel]] pikeun miélingkeun [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 2007]] nu mana tuan rumahna nyaéta Perancis|alt=An avenue of trees leads to a large iron lattice tower, in which an oversized rugby ball hangs within the lower sections.]] Turnamén anu pangpentingana di rugbi union nyaéta [[Piala Dunya Rugbi]], turnamén putra anu dilaksanakeun saban 4 taunngalombakeun tim-tim nasional rugbi union. [[Tim nasional rugbi union Selandia Anyar|Selandia Anyar]] nyaéta juara anu panganyarna, nu meunangkeun [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 2011]] anu lumangsung di Selandia Anyar, ngéléhkeun Perancis 8-7 di final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/15405316.stm |title=2011 Rugby World Cup final: New Zealand 8-7 France |publisher=BBC News |date=23 October 2011 |accessdate=23 October 2011}}</ref> euweuh pameunang Piala Dunya nu geus hasil jadi juara turut-tumurut.<ref name="rugby world cup">{{cite web |url=http://www.rugby-world-cup.net/history.html |title=Rugby World Cup History - World Cup Winners List |publisher=rugby-world-cup.net |accessdate=4 October 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522125807/http://www.rugby-world-cup.net/history.html |date=22 May 2013 }}</ref> Inggris mangrupa tim kahiji ti Hémisfér Kalér nu meunangkeunnana. Selandia Anyar pernah meunang dina [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 1987|1987]], Australia dina [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 1991|1991]] jeung [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 1999|1999]], Afrika Kalér dina [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 1995|1995]] jeung [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 2007|2007]].<ref name="rugby world cup"/> Kompetisi internasional utami lianna saperti [[Kajuaraan Genep Bangsa]] dilaksanakeun di Hémisfér Kalér sarta [[Kajuaraan Rugbi]], dilaksanakeun di Hémisfér Kidul. Kajuaraan Genep Bangsa (''Six Nations Championship'') nyaéta hiji kompetisi taunan mimilukeun tim Inggris, Perancis, Irlandia, Italia, Skotlandia, jeung Wales.<ref name="SixNations">{{cite web |url=http://www.rbs6nations.com/en/history.php |title=Six Nations Championship: History |publisher=rbs6nations.com |date= |accessdate=15 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015033350/http://www.rbs6nations.com/en/history.php |date=15 October 2009 }}</ref> Masing-masing nagara ngalawan lima nu lianna sakali. Kajuaraan Rugbi (''The Rugby Championship'') nyaéta ngaran anyar ti séri taunan internasional di Hémisfér Kidul, mimilukeun Afrika Kidul, Argéntina, Australia, jeung Selandia Anyar. Ti awalna dina 1996 nepi ka sabagian 2011, kompetisi ieu kawanoh salaku ''Tri Nations'' (Tilu Bangsa), jeung ngan mimilukeun Australia, Selandia Anyar, jeung Afrika Kidul.<ref name="TriNations History">{{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyweek.com/fournations/history.asp |title=TriNations Rugby |publisher=RugbyWeek.com |accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019065904/http://www.rugbyweek.com/fournations/history.asp |date=19 October 2011 }}</ref> Tim-tim ieu geus ngadominasi réngking dunya sababaraha taun ahir, jeung loba anu nyebutkeun yén kompetisi ieu mangrupa kompetisi pangkiatna dina rugbi internasional.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sport24.co.za/Rugby/Boks-face-aerial-bombardment-20100630 |title=NZ expect aerial bombardment |publisher=sport24.co.za |first=J.J. |last=Harmse |date=30 June 2010 |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | date = 26 August 2010 | title = Preview: South Africa v Australia | work=Planet Rugby | publisher=365 Media | url = http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,16024_6340553,00.html | accessdate =27 August 2010}}</ref> ===Tur rugbi=== Dina sajarah awal rugbi union, jaman saméméh lalampahan udara komérsial, tim-tim ti buana nu béda jarang patepang. 2 tur awal anu katelah aya dina 1888, Kapuloan Britania ka Selandia Anyar jeung Australia<ref name="Lions history">{{cite news |url=http://www.lionsrugby.com/history/potted_history.php |title=The History |publisher=lionsrugby.com |accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722073223/http://www.lionsrugby.com/history/potted_history.php |date=22 July 2013 }}</ref>, anu dimiluan ku tur tim Selandia Anyar ka Éropa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/history/halloffame/newsid=2027752.html |title=IRB Hall of Fame Welcomes Five Inductees |publisher=International Rugby Board |date=23 November 2008 |accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824065112/http://www.irb.com/history/halloffame/newsid=2027752.html |date=24 August 2010 }}</ref> Tradisionalna, tur anu pangluhurna nyaéta tur nagara Hémisfér Kidul (Australia, Selandia Anyar, jeung Afrika Kidul) ka Hémisfér Kalér, teras tur balesan dijieun ku tim gabungan Britania jeung Irlandia.<ref>{{Harvnb|Griffiths|1987|p=ix}} ''"In the first century of rugby union's history the IRB only recognised matches with international status if both teams in a match came from a small pool of countries: Australia, British Lions, England, France, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa and Wales."''</ref> ===Rugbi dina turnamén internasional=== {{See also|Rugbi union dina Olimpiade|Rugbi tujuh dina Pésta Olahraga Pasamakmuran|Rugbi union dina Pésta Olahraga Asia}} Rugbi union dimaénkeun dina Olimpiade Usum Panas [[Rugbi union dina Olimpiade 1900|1900]], [[Rugbi union dina Olimpiade 1908|1908]], [[Rugbi union dina Olimpiade 1920|1920]], jeung [[Rugbi union dina Olimpiade 1924|1924]].<ref name="Rugby in the Olympics">{{cite news |url=http://www.irb.com/rugbyandtheolympics/history.html |title=Rugby in the Olympics: History |work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |accessdate=16 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810064813/http://www.irb.com/rugbyandtheolympics/history.html |date=10 August 2011 }}</ref> Sakumaha dina aturan Olimpiade, Skotlandia, Wales, jeung Inggris teu diidinkeun maén dina tim anu kapisah ku sabab sanés nagara daulat. Dina 1900, Perancis meunangkeun emas, ngéléhkeun Britania Raya 27-8 jeung ngéléhkeun Jérman 27-17.<ref name="Rugby in the Olympics"/> Dina 1908, Australasia ngéléhkeun Britania Raya, meunangkeun medali emas, kalawan skor 32-3.<ref name="Rugby in the Olympics"/> Dina 1920, Amérika Sarikat, maké hiji tim anu pamaén-pamaénna karak anyar kana olahraga rugbi, tapi bisa ngéléhkeun Perancis, 8-0. Dina 1924, Amérika Sarikat ngéléhkeun Perancis deui, 17-3, jadi sahiji-hijina tim anu meunangkeun emas dua kali di olahraga ieu.<ref name="Rugby in the Olympics"/> Dina 2009, [[Komite Olimpiade Internasional]] miboga hasil pamilihan 81-8, meunangkeun rugbi union sangkan dibalikkeun salaku olahraga Olimpiade saheunteuna dina Olimpiade [[Olimpiade 2016|2016]] jeung [[Olimpiade 2020|2020]], tapi dina rugbi tujuh, kalawan format turnamén 4-dinten.<ref name="I.O.C. Decision">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/sports/14sports.html |title=I.O.C. Decision Draws Cheers and Complaints From Athletes |work=The New York Times |first=Jeff |last=Klein |date=13 August 2009 |accessdate=13 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/news/6281166/Rugby-sevens-and-golf-ratified-for-2016-Olympics-in-Rio-de-Janeiro.html |title=Rugby sevens and golf ratified for 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro |first=Paul |last=Kelso |publisher=Telegraph |date=9 October 2009 |accessdate=5 November 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430151816/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/news/6281166/Rugby-sevens-and-golf-ratified-for-2016-Olympics-in-Rio-de-Janeiro.html |date=30 April 2011 }}</ref> Rugbi tujuh geus dimaénkeun di [[Kajuaraan Rugbi Tujuh Pasamakmuran|Pésta Olahraga Pasamakmuran]] ti [[Commonwealth Games 1998|1998]] di Kuala Lumpur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9031959.stm |title=Commonwealth Games 2010: Form guide – rugby sevens| publisher=BBC Sport |date=27 September 2010 |accessdate=17 September 2011}}</ref> Panyekel medali emas ayeuna nyaéta [[Tim nasional rugbi union Selandia Anyar (tujuh)|Selandia Anyar]] anu geus meunangkeunnana 4 kali.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9084566.stm |title=Commonwealth Games: NZ win sevens as England miss medal| publisher=BBC Sport |date=12 October 2010 |accessdate=17 September 2011}}</ref> Rugbi union ogé geus jadi cabang [[Pésta Olahraga Asia]] ti [[Pésta Olahraga Asia 1998|1998]] di Bangkok, Thailand. Dina kompetisi 1998 jeung 2002, anu tujuh jeung lima welas dua-duana dimaénkeun, tapi ti 2006, ngan nu tujuh anu ditahankeun. Dina 2010, rugbi tujuh putri dipikawanohkeun. Panyekel medali emas ayeuna dina turnamén tujuh, dilaksanakeun di [[Pésta Olahraga Asia 2010|2010]], nyaéta [[Tim nasional rugbi union Jepang (tujuh)|Jepang]] dina nomer putrana sarta [[Tim nasional rugbi union putri Kazakhstan (tujuh)|Kazakhstan]] dina nomer putrina.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irbsevens.com/regionalsports/newsid=2040867.html|title=Japan claim Asian Games gold|publisher=planetrugby.com|date=23 November 2010|accessdate=10 October 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602181345/http://www.irbsevens.com/regionalsports/newsid=2040867.html |date=2 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irbsevens.com/regionalsports/newsid=2040914.html |title=Kazakhstan win first Asian Games women's gold |publisher=IRBSevens.com |date=23 November 2010 |accessdate=18 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602182627/http://www.irbsevens.com/regionalsports/newsid=2040914.html |date=2 June 2013 }}</ref> ===Rugbi internasional putri=== {{utama|Rugbi union internasional putri}} Rugbi union putri internasional kahiji mimiti 1982, kalawan hiji patandingan antara [[Tim nasional rugbi union putri Perancis|Perancis]] jeung [[Tim nasional rugbi union putri Walanda|Walanda]] anu dilaksanakeun di [[Utrecht (kota)|Utrecht]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://rugbyrelics.com/museum/exhibitions/NR125/14.htm |title=Women's Rugby |work=rugbyrelics.com |date= |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref> Dina 2009, leuwih ti 600 patandingan internasional putri geus dimaénkeun ku leuwih ti 40 tim.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/119928-womans-rugby-beautiful-side-of-brutal-game |title=Women's Rugby: Beautiful Side of a Brtual Game |work=bleacherreport.com |first=Giorgi |last=Dolidze |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=25 September 2011 |note=1}}</ref> [[Piala Dunya Rugbi Putri]] anu kahiji dilaksanakeun di Wales dina [[Piala Dunia Rugbi Putri 1991|1991]], jeung nu meunang nyaéta [[Tim nasional rugbi union putri Amérika Sarikat|Amérika Sarikat]].<ref name="Women's Rugby"/> Turnamén anu kadua dilaksanakeun dina [[Piala Dunya Rugbi Putri 1994|1994]], jeung saprak éta kompetisina geus dilaksanakeun saban 4 taun. Tim Selandia Ayar geus meunangkeun 4 Piala Dunya nu pangahirna ([[Piala Dunya Rugbi Putri 1998é|1998]], [[Piala Dunya Rugbi Putri 2002|2002]], [[Piala Dunya Rugbi Putri 2006|2006]], [[Piala Dunya Rugbi Putri 2010|2010]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nz2011.govt.nz/news/february-2011/rugbys-prized-trophies-going-on-tour |title=Rugby’s prized trophies going on tour |work=nz2011.govt.nz |date= 6 February 2011 |accessdate=26 September 2011}}</ref> Sakumaha ayana Piala Dunya Rugbi Putri, aya ogé turnamén régulérna, contona [[Kajuaraan Genep Bangsa Putri]], dilaksanakeun bareng jeung nu putrana. Kahiji dimaénkeun dina [[Kajuaraan Nagara Asal Putri 1996|1996]], kompetisi ieu geus didominasi ku [[Tim nasional rugbi union putri Inggris|Inggris]], anu geus meunangkeun turnamén éta 12 kali, kalawan 6 kali meunang turut-tumurut ([[Kajuaraan Genep Bangsa Putri 2006|2006]] nepi ka [[Kajuaraan Genep Bangsa Putri 2011|2011]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/9428976.stm |title=England Women beat Ireland to clinch Grand Slam |work=BBC Sport|date= 18 March 2011 |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref> ==Varian== {{see also|Rugbi tujuh}} [[File:Spielszene BK.jpg|thumb|Patandingan rugbi basisir|alt=On a sunlit beach two teams of players, one in yellow the other in blue, play a form of rugby; the central yellow player runs forward clutching the ball with one hand, close to his chest.]] Rugbi union geus miboga sababaraha varian. Pabédaan umum dina varian olahraga ieu biasana pamaén nu leuwih saeutik atawa ngirangan kontak pamaén. Varian nu pangkoltna nyaéta [[Rugbi tujuh]] (7's, atawa VIIs), hiji varian nu gancang nu lahir di [[Melrose, Skotlandia|Melrose]], Skotlandia dina 1883. Di rugbi tujuh, ngan aya 7 pamaén saban tim, jeung hiji babakna biasana ngan tujuh menit. Turnamén utami contona [[Hong Kong Sevens]] jeung [[Dubai Sevens]], duanana dilaksanakeun di aréa nu teu biasa kaasosiasi jeung tingkat luhur rugbi 15. Varian lianna contona [[Rugbi sapuluh]] (10's atawa Xs), hiji varian Malaysia kalawan 10 pamaén per tim.<ref name=Completerugby1>{{Harvnb|Bath|1997|p=71}}</ref> Ku lantaran kaayaan fisik dina maén rugbi, sababaraha varian geus dijieun pikeun mikawanohkeun olahraga ieu ka barudak kalawan tingkat kontak fisik nu dikirangan.<ref name="IRB BGRU 14">{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/mm/document/training/0/beginners20guide20en_7391.pdf|work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]]|title=A Beginner's Guide to Rugby Union|page=14|accessdate=24 September 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025103429/http://www.irb.com/mm/document/training/0/beginners20guide20en_7391.pdf |date=25 October 2012 }}</ref> Ti vérsi-vérsi ieu, [[Touch rugbi]], nu mana ''tackles'' dijieun ku cara ngeunakeun nu mawa bal ku dua tangan. Olahraga ieu populér salaku vérsi campuran ti nu 15, dimaénkeun ku boh barudak boh déwasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/sport/getting-a-kick-out-of-touch/story-e6frep5o-1225699224845 |title=Touch rugby league growing in Brisbane |first=Karl|last=deKroo| work=The Courier-Mail |date=11 April 2009 |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfu.com/TheGame/~/link.aspx?_id=A4A528E2CC22410390D89AE5E46D1EF9&_z=z |title=Touch Rugby | work=[[Rugby Football Union|RFU]] |accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref> [[Tag Rugby]], nyaéta vérsi di mana pamaénna maké hiji beubeur kalawan dua talian, upami dileupaskeun hartina ka-''tackle''. Dina Tag Rugby, najong bal ogé teu beunang.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rfu.com/TheGame/FormsOfRugby/Tag.aspx |title=Tag Rugby |work=[[Rugby Football Union|RFU]] |date=11 April 2009 |accessdate=23 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810133935/http://www.rfu.com/TheGame/FormsOfRugby/Tag.aspx |date=10 August 2011 }}</ref> [[Rugbi mini]] ogé varian lian ti rugbi union pikeun mikawanohkeun olahraga ieu ka barudak,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishrugby.ie/minis/index.php |title=About Mini Rugby |work=irishrugby.ie |date= |accessdate=23 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209200753/http://www.irishrugby.ie/minis/index.php |date=9 February 2013 }}</ref><ref name=Rutherford1>{{cite book |last=Rutherford |first=Don |title=The Complete Book of Mini Rugby |publisher=Partridge |year=1993 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/completebookofmi0000ruth/page/2 2] |url=https://archive.org/details/completebookofmi0000ruth|isbn=1852251964 }}</ref> Dimaénkeun ku 9 pamaén jeung di lapangan nu leuwih leutik.<ref name="Mini Rugby">{{cite web|url=http://www.irishrugby.ie/downloads/IRFU_Mini_Rugby_09-10.pdf|title=Mini Rugby|work=irishrugby.ie|accessdate=24 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227222214/http://www.irishrugby.ie/downloads/IRFU_Mini_Rugby_09-10.pdf|archivedate=27 December 2010}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913104229/http://www.irishrugby.ie/downloads/IRFU_Mini_Rugby_09-10.pdf |date=13 September 2012 }}</ref> Mirip jeung Tag Rugby, [[Rugbi Bandéra Amérika]] (''American Flag Rugby''; AFR), mangrupa hiji varian ti rugbi union nu dimaénkeun campuran (bisa ku bareng lalaki-awéwé) tanpa kontak pikeun barudak Amérika dina kelas K-9.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.americanflagrugby.com/about-afr.php |title=About AFR |work=americanflagrugby.com |date= |accessdate=18 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817210310/http://www.americanflagrugby.com/about-afr.php |date=17 August 2011 }}</ref> Boh Rugbi Bandéra Amérika boh Rugbi Mini duanana béda jeung Tag Rugby nu mana dina dua varian rugbi éta leuwih dipikawanohkeun deui unsur lanjutan rugbi union sajalan pamaénna tumuwuh.<ref name="Mini Rugby"/> Varian lianna contona [[rugbi basisir]] jeung [[rugbi salju]].<ref name="IRB BGRU 14"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/news/newsid=2026163.html|work=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]]|title=Rugby X-treme hits the Andes|first=Frankie|last=Deges|date=15 July 2008|accessdate=24 September 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726135403/http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/news/newsid=2026163.html |date=26 July 2010 }}</ref> ==Pangaruh kana olahraga lian== {{See also|Sajaran maén bal Amérika|Bandingan maén bal Amérika jeung rugbi union|Asalna maén bal Australia|Bandingan rugbi liga jeung rugbi union}} [[File:Fielding Yost-1902.jpg|thumb|left|225px|Hiji patandingan [[maén bal Amérika]] antara [[Universitas Michigan]] jeung [[Universitas Minnesota]] (1902). Bentuk awal patandingan miboga patalian nu terang jeung ékuivalén rugbi lianna.|alt=A grainy black and white photo of teams in sports jerseys and light padding contesting a play near the touchline, while watched by officials, coaches and crowds.]] Rugbi union football, jeung katurunan langsungna, maén bal rugbi, miboga pangaruh nu kiat kana sababaraha olahraga lian. [[maén bal Gridiron|Kode Gridiron]], [[maén bal Amérika]]<ref name=Completerugby2>{{Harvnb|Bath|1997|p=77}}</ref><ref name=Stubbs>{{Harvnb|Stubbs|2009|p=115}}</ref> jeung [[maén bal Kanada]],<ref name=CanFitba1>{{Cite book |first=|title=Encyclopedia Canadiana|volume = 8|editor=John Everett Robbins| year=1972 |publisher=Grolier of Canada|location=Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal |page=110 |isbn=0717216012}}</ref> diturunkeun ti bentuk awal rugbi. Di Kanada, [[maén bal Kanada]] geus mindeng disebut "[[maén bal rugbi]]" (''rugby football''),<ref name=CanFitba1/> jeung sababaraha badan nasional jeung propinsi disebut "Union Rugbi Maén Bal" atawa "Union Rugbi", saperti Union Rugbi Maén Bal [[Union Rugbi Maén Bal Ontario|Ontario]] jeung [[Union Rugbi Maén Bal Quebec|Quebec]].<ref name=CanFitba1/> Contona, dina ''Encyclopedia Canadiana'', cutatan ''Rugby Football'' dimimitian ku cara ngarujuk ka "''the Canadian development of rugby union or "English rugger" introduced into Canada in the third quarter of the nineteenth century''" (pamekaran Kanada kana rugbi union atawa "''rugger'' Inggris" dipikawanohkeun ka Kanada dina parapat katilu abad ka-19), tapi teras nyebutkeun yén "''the Canadian game is a radical departure from rugby union''" (kaulinan Kanadana mangrupa hiji kadatangan radikal ti rugbi union).<ref name=CanFitba1/> [[Maén Bal Australia]] geus kapangaruh ku loba olahraga, kaasup [[maén bal Gael]], maén bal rugbi, jeung [[krikét]]. Raloba panulis percaya yén pangaruh utamina nyaéta [[maén bal rugbi]] jeung [[Kaulinan maén bal sakola umum Inggris|kaulinan lian nu lahir di sakola umum Inggris]].<ref name="See 1991, pp. 49-50">[[Geoffrey Blainey]], [[Leonie Sandercock]], Ian Turner, jeung [[Sean Fagan]] miboga dukungan tinulis kana pamikiran ieu. Tempo, contona: Richard Davis, 1991, "Irish and Australian Nationalism: the Sporting Connection: Football & Cricket", ''Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies Bulletin'', v.3, no.2, pp. 49–50 jeung; B. W. O'Dwyer, 1989, "The Shaping of Victorian Rules Football", ''Victorian Historical Journal'', v.60, no.1.</ref> [[Tom Wills]], nu diakuan salaku panaratas Maén Bal Australia, ogé pernah janten murid Sakola Rugby.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/395810.html |last=Haigh |first=Gideon |title=Murder, suicide, cricket|work=espncricinfo.com |date=21 March 2009 |accessdate=28 August 2011}}</ref> [[James Naismith]] ngarujuk ti rupa-rupa olahraga kaasup rugbi pikeun nyieun [[baskét]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1027613/index.htm |last=Wolff |first=Alexander |title=The Olden Rules |work=sportsillustrated.cnn.com |date=25 November 2002 |accessdate=18 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604031625/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1027613/index.htm |date=4 June 2011 }}</ref> Kontribusi nu terangna nyaéta kamiripan [[bal luncat]] ka ''linéout'' ogé gaya ngalung ''underhand'' nu ngadominasi taun-taun awal ti olahraga éta. Naismith pernah maén rugbi pikeun sababaraha taun dina [[Universitas McGill]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcgilltribune.com/sports/profile-james-naismith-where-athletics-meets-religious-fervor-1.1627628#.TnapQdQdxF4 |last=Kanter |first=Jacob |title=Profile-James Naismith: Where athletics meets religious fervor |work=mcgilltribune.com |date=21 September 2010 |accessdate=18 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311152517/http://www.mcgilltribune.com/sports/profile-james-naismith-where-athletics-meets-religious-fervor-1.1627628#.TnapQdQdxF4 |date=11 March 2012 }}</ref> [[Maén bal Swédia (kode)|Maén bal Swédia]] nyaéta hiji kode nu aturanna mangrupa campuran ti [[Laws of the Game (maén bal)|aturan maén bal]] jeung [[maén bal rugbi|aturan maén bal rugbi]]. Sababaraha urang maénkeun kaulinan éta maké hiji bal nu buleud, samentawis nu lian maké bal oval.<ref name="jönsson203">{{cite book |last=Jönsson |first=Åke |title=Fotboll: hur världens största sport växte fram |year=2006 |publisher=Historiska media |location=Lund |isbn=91-85377-48-1 |page=203}}</ref> Kaulinan éta teu dimaénkeun deui.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=sv&u=http://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/historia/svff-1904/&ei=p8V9TtHEKKSP0AXUvPUB&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CB0Q7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dsvff:s%2Btillkomst%2B1904%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-gb%26prmd%3Dimvns |title=SvFF:s tillkomst 1904 |work=svenskfotboll.se |accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref> Rugbi minangka dasar ti [[rugbi korsi roda]] (kawanoh ogé salaku "rugbi quad" atawa "''murderball''"), tapi olahraga ieu leuwih kiatna dipangaruhan ku [[baskét korsi roda]], [[hoki és]], jeung [[bal tangan]] tinimbang rugbi union.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwrf.com/history.htm |title=About Wheelchair Rugby |work=iwrf.com |accessdate=24 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424065940/http://www.iwrf.com/history.htm |date=24 April 2008 }}</ref> ==Statistik jeung rékor== {{see also|Daptar pamaén rugbi union top dumasar midang internasional|Daptar panyitak skor top rugbi union}} Dumasar kana hiji laporan dina 2011 ku Puseur Bisnis Internasional olahraga di [[Universitas Coventry]], ayeuna aya leuwih ti 5 yuta urang maénkeun rugbi union atawa hiji varianna anu kaorganisasi ku IRB.<ref name="Stripes">{{cite web |url=http://www.stripes.com/military-life/they-re-game-rugby-team-willing-to-play-all-takers-1.146065 |title=They're game: Rugby team willing to play all takers |first=Seth |last=Robson |publisher=stripes.com |date=8 July 2011 |accessdate=25 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814172158/http://www.stripes.com/military-life/they-re-game-rugby-team-willing-to-play-all-takers-1.146065 |date=14 August 2011 }}</ref> Hal ieu mangrupa paningkatan 19 persén ti laporan saméméhna dina 2007.<ref name="Global Rugby">{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/mm/Document/NewsMedia/MediaZone/02/04/22/88/2042288_PDF.pdf |title=Economic Impact Report on Global Rugby; Part III: Strategic and Emerging Markets |publisher=Centre for the International Business of Sport, [[Coventry University]] |first=Simon |last=Chadwick |date=5 April 2011 |accessdate=25 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626220118/http://www.irb.com/mm/Document/NewsMedia/MediaZone/02/04/22/88/2042288_PDF.pdf |date=26 June 2011 }}</ref> Laporan ieu nyebutkeun ogé yén ti 2007, partisipasi geus ningkat 33 persén di Afrika, 22 persén di Amérika Kidul, jeung 18 persén di Asia sareng Amérika Kalér.<ref name="Global Rugby"/> Acara utami rugbi union, Piala Dunya Rugbi, geus lanjut mekarna ti lahirna dina 1987.<ref name="IRB2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/mm/document/newsmedia/mediazone/02/04/21/65/2042165_pdf.pdf |title=IRB Year in Review 2010 |publisher=[[International Rugby Board|IRB]] |page=74 |year=2010 |accessdate=25 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514115712/http://www.irb.com/mm/document/newsmedia/mediazone/02/04/21/65/2042165_pdf.pdf |date=14 May 2013 }}</ref> Turnamén kahijina, mimilukeun 16 tim, ditongtonkeun ka 17 nagara kalawan total pamiarsa kaakumulasi 230 yuta.<ref name="IRB2010"/> Panjualan tikét basa babak grup jeung final ti turnamén nu sarua kirang ti sayuta.<ref name="IRB2010"/> [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 2007|Piala Dunya 2007]] mimilukeun 94 nagara kalawan panjualan tikét 3.850.000 dina babak grup jeung final.<ref name="IRB2010"/> Total pamiarsa acara éta, nu ditongtonkeun ka 200 nagara, nyaéta 4,2 milyar.<ref name="IRB2010"/> Pamaén nu midang internasional panglobana ti nagara golongan 1 nyaéta ''halfback'' Australia, [[George Gregan]], kalawan 139 kali midang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=matches;template=results;type=player |title=Statsguru/Test matches/Player records |publisher=ESPN Scrum.com |date= |accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref> Samentawis pamaén internasional panyitak skor panglobana ti nagara golongan 1 nyaéta [[Dan Carter]] ti Selandia Anyar, nu geus nyitak 1250 poin dina karirna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=points;template=results;type=player |title=Statsguru/Test matches/Player records |publisher=ESPN Scrum.com |date= |accessdate=10 September 2011}}</ref> Dina April 2010, [[Rugbi union di Lithuania|Lithuania]] ngéléhkeun rékor kameunangan internasional turut-tumurut, anu saméméhna dicekel ku Selandia Anyar jeung Afrika Kidul, kalawan 17 kali meunang turut-tumurut ngalawan nagara golongan 1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/news/newsid=2036957.html |title=Lithuania bid for World record test run |publisher=IRB |date=16 April 2010 |accessdate=30 May 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514131525/http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/news/newsid=2036957.html |date=14 May 2013 }}</ref>. Lithuania meunangkeun kameunangan ka-18-na dina patandingan ngalawan nagara golongan 2, [[Rugbi union di Sérbia|Sérbia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=date;spanmax1=08+May+2010;spanmin1=04+Jun+2006;spanval1=span;team=90;template=results;type=team;view=match |title=Statsguru / Test matches / Team records: Lithuania, matches between 4 June 2006 and 8 May 2010, sorted by ascending match date |work=ESPN Scrum |publisher=SFMS Limited |accessdate=6 May 2011}} ''"The dates chosen bookend Lithuania's 18-match winning streak."''</ref> Patandingan internasional anu boga skor panglobana antara dua tim nu diakuan nyaéta kameunangan Hong Kong kana Singapura, 164 - 13, dina 27 Oktober 1994.<ref name="record wins">{{cite web |url=http://www.rugbydata.com/centuries |title=Games where 100 or more points were scored by a team |publisher=rugbydata.com |date= |accessdate=27 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325101231/http://www.rugbydata.com/centuries |date=25 March 2013 }}</ref> Rékor lian contona kameunangan <u>></u>152 poin nu dicekel ku 2 nagara, Jepang (meunang 155 - 3 ngalawan Taipéi Cina) jeung Argéntina (152 - 0 ngalawan Paraguay). Duanana dina taun 2002.<ref name="record wins"/> ==Rugbi union dina budaya== <!-- Bagian di handap ieu nyaéta pikeun INOHONG seniman kakoncara nu geus maké rugbi atawa pikeun karya nu museur kana rugbi union. Bagian ieu lain keur pamidangan umum rugbi dina budaya populér atawa fakta trivia saperti salasahiji épisode Friends ''The One with all the Rugby''.--> [[File:Henri Rousseau - The Football Players.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Henri Rousseau – ''The Football Players'' (1908)|alt=An oil painting of two groups of a pair of moustached men wearing stripped jerseys and shorts, contesting a rugby ball within an avenue of trees.]] Pangaruh rugbi kana budaya bisa ditempo dina inspirasi seniman jeung panulis, ogé pangaruh pamaén jeung pangurus rugbi salaku pacontoan jeung pahlawan pikeun nagarana. Loba panulis populér nu geus maké rugbi union dina bukuna. Novél 1857 Thomas Hughes, [[Tom Brown's Schooldays]], latarna di Sakola Rugby, ngawengku carita ngeunaan patandingan maén bal rugbi, nu teras dipilemkeun dina 1940-an. James Joyce nyebutkeun tim Irlandia, [[Bective Rangers]], di sababaraha bukuna, kaasup Ulysses (1922) jeung Finnegans Wake (1939), samentawis karya semi-otobiagrafis 1916-na, ''[[A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man]]'', miboga catetan pamaén internasional ti Irlandia, [[James Magee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bectiverangers.com/content/view/197/5 |title=Bective Rangers – James Joyce |date= |work=bectiverangers.com |location=UK |accessdate=28 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726215801/http://www.bectiverangers.com/content/view/197/5/ |date=26 July 2011 }}</ref> Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, dina carita Sherlock Holmes 1924-na, ''[[The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire]]'', nyebutkeun yén Dr Watson maén rugbi pikeun Blackheath.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/vampires/classicstory/sussexvampire_p1.shtml|title=The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire |date=September 2005|work=BBC |location=UK |accessdate=28 August 2011 }}</ref> Rugbi union mangrupa subjék ti skétsa awal ngagambarkeun olahraga ieu, tapi dipaké ogé ku sababaraha seniman, utamina ku sababaraha palukis Perancis awal abad ka-20. Post-Imprésionis Perancis [[Henri Rousseau]], ''Joueurs de football'', damelan 1908, némbongkeun 2 pasang pamaén rugbi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/show-full/piece/?search=The%20Football%20Players&page=&f=Title&object=60.1583 |title=Henri Rousseau |first=Cornelia |last=Lauf |date= |work=guggenheim.org |accessdate=28 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429080822/http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/show-full/piece/?search=The%20Football%20Players&page=&f=Title&object=60.1583 |date=29 April 2011 }}</ref> Seniman Perancis lianna nu geus ngagambarkeun olahraga ieu dina karyana contona [[Albert Gleizes]] (''Les Joueurs de football'' [1912]), [[Robert Delaunay]] (''Football. L'Equipe de Cardiff'' [1916]), jeung [[André Lhote]] (''Partie de Rugby'' [1917]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Dine |first=Philip |coauthors= |title=French Rugby Football |url=https://archive.org/details/frenchrugbyfootb0000dine |year=2001 |page=[https://archive.org/details/frenchrugbyfootb0000dine/page/19 19]|publisher=Berg |location=Oxford |isbn=1-85973-327-1}}</ref> [[Kompetisi seni dina Olimpiade 1928|Medali Emas pikeun Seni 1928]] dina Olimpiade Antwerp dimeunangkeun ku [[Jean Jacoby]] ti Luksemburg dina karyana ''Rugby''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://olympic-museum.de/art/1928.htm |title=Art Competitions |date= |work=olympic-museum.de |accessdate=6 October 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501132439/http://www.olympic-museum.de/art/1928.htm |date=1 May 2008 }}</ref> Dina televisi jeung pilem, rugbi union geus dipaké minangka kasang tukan dina sababaraha produksi. Komédi 1949 ti Ealing Studios, ''[[A Run for Your Money]]'', jeung pilem televisi 1979 ti BBC Wales, ''[[Grand Slam (pilem 1978)|Grand Slam]]'', duanana museur kana pandukung panongton patandingan, sanés olahragana.<ref>{{cite book |last=Berry|first=David|title=Wales and Cinema, The First Hundred Years |year=1996 |publisher=University of Wales Press |location=Cardiff |page=215 |isbn=0-7083-1370-1}}</ref> Pilem nu maké olahraga ieu dina rincian leuwih contona produksi indie ''[[Old Scores]]'' (1991) jeung ''[[Forever Strong]]'' (2008). ''[[Invictus (pilem)|Invictus]]'' (2009), dumasar kana bukuna [[John Carlin]], ''Playing the Enemy'', ngomongkeun kajadian dina [[Piala Dunya Rugbi 1995]] jeung usaha Nelson Mandela pikeun nganggo olahraga ieu ngahijikeun masarakat Afrika Kidul pasca-apartheid.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/portal/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/portal/2007/10/19/ftmandela119.xml|title=How Nelson Mandela won the rugby World Cup |accessdate=28 August 2011|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |date=19 October 2007 | first=John | last=Carlin}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8406647.stm|title=South Africa 'rugby unity': Fact and fiction |date=11 December 2009|work=BBC News |location=UK |accessdate=28 August 2011 | first=Pumza | last=Fihlani}}</ref> Raloba nagara miboga patung nu ngagambarkeun rugbi union atawa pamaén rugbi. Sababarahana bisa dipanggih di stadion rugbi, saperti patung perunggu 27 suku di [[Stadion Twickenham|Twickenham]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/local/richmondnews/8196778.Iconic_sculpture_of_rugby_line_out_unveiled/ |title=RFU unveils iconic bronze of rugby line-out by sculptor Gerald Laing |date=2 June 2010 |work=yourlocalguardian.co.uk |location=UK |accessdate=28 August 2011 | first=Joanna | last=Kilvington}}</ref> jeung pangurus rugbi Sir [[Tasker Watkins]] di [[Stadion Millenium]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/8360513.stm |title=Statue of Sir Tasker is unveiled |date=15 November 2009 |work=BBC News |location=UK |accessdate=23 September 2011 }}</ref> Pamaén rugbi nu geus dihormatan dijieun patungna contona [[Gareth Edwards]] di Cardiff jeung [[Danie Craven]] di Stellenbosch.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rugby365.com/schools/craven/2504760.htm |title=Craven of Craven Week |date=27 June 2010 |work=rugby365.com |accessdate=28 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719053209/http://www.rugby365.com/schools/craven/2504760.htm |date=19 July 2011 }}</ref> ==Tempo ogé== {{Portal|Rugbi union}} {{Wikinews category|Rugby}} * ''[[International Rugby Hall of Fame]]'' * ''[[IRB Hall of Fame]]'' * [[Daptar tim rugbi union internasional]] * [[Daptar kompetisi rugbi union pangkolotna]] * [[Daptar istilah rugbi union]] * [[Variasi aturan pacobian]] ==Réferénsi== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ===Sumber citakeun=== {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |first=|title=Encyclopedia Canadiana vol. 8|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediacana0000unse_d4e6|year=1972 |publisher=Grolier of Canada|location=Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal|isbn=0717216012| ref= harv}} * {{Cite book | editor-last = Bath | editor-first = Richard | year = 1997 | title = Complete Book of Rugby | publisher=Seven Oaks Ltd | ISBN = 1862000133| ref= harv}} *{{cite book|title=Rugby: Steps to Success|url=https://archive.org/details/rugbystepstosucc0000bisc|first1=Tony|last1=Biscombe |first2= Peter|last2=Drewett|year=2009|publisher=Human Kinetics| ref= harv}} *{{cite book|title=Periodization in Rugby|first1=Tudor|last1=Bompa |first2= Frederick|last2=Claro|year=2008|publisher=Meyer and Meyer Sport| ref= harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Godwin |first=Terry |coauthors=Rhys, Chris |title=The Guinness Book of Rugby Facts & Feats |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofru0000godw |year=1981 |publisher=Guinness Superlatives Ltd |location=Enfield|isbn=0851122140| ref = harv}} * {{cite book |last=Griffiths |first=John|coauthors= |title=The Phoenix Book of International Rugby Records |url=https://archive.org/details/phoenixbookofint0000grif |year=1987 |publisher=Phoenix House |location=London |isbn=0460070037| ref= harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Howard |coauthors= Jordon, J.P. |title=Oxford v Cambridge, The Story of the University Rugby Match |year=1951 |publisher=Clerke & Cockeran|location=London |isbn=| ref= harv}} * {{Cite book| last = Midgley| first = Ruth| coauthors = | title = The Official World Encyclopedia of Sports and Games| publisher=Diagram Group| year = 1979| location = London| url = | isbn = 0-7092-0153-2| ref= harv}} * {{Cite book| last = Richards| first = Huw| coauthors = | title = A Game for Hooligans: The History of Rugby Union| publisher=[[Mainstream Publishing]]| year = 2007| location = Edinburgh| url =https://archive.org/details/gameforhooligans0000rich| isbn = 978-1845962555| ref= harv}} * {{Cite book| last = Stubbs| first = Ray| coauthors = | title = The Sports Book| publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]]| year = 2009| pages = | url = | isbn = 978-1405336970 |ref = harv}} * {{cite book |last=Thomas |first=J.B.G. |coauthors= Rowe, Harding|title=On Tour |year=1954 |publisher=Anchor Press Ltd.|location=Essex |isbn= | ref = harv}} {{refend}} ===Sumber éléktronik=== * {{Cite web | url=http://www.irb.com/lawregulations/laws/index.html | title=Laws of Rugby Union | publisher=IRB | year=2010 | accessdate=16 January 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518105529/http://www.irb.com/lawregulations/laws/index.html |date=18 May 2011 }} * {{Cite web | url=http://www.irb.com/lawregulations/regulations/index.html | title=IRB Regulations | publisher=IRB | accessdate=16 January 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130103091436/http://www.irb.com/lawregulations/regulations/index.html |date=3 January 2013 }} * [http://www.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/story/94071.html Scrum.com Rugby guide] ==Tumbu kaluar== <!-- Please discuss on the article talk page before adding any further links here --> {{Commons category}} {{Sisterlinks}} * [http://www.irb.com International Rugby Board] – loka resmi babon organisasi * [http://www.rugbydata.com Rugby Data] – statistik rugbi union * [http://www.planetrugby.com/ Planet Rugby] – warta, jadwal, laporan, jsb. * [http://www.espnscrum.com/ ESPN Scrum.com] warta, laporan, statistik, jsb. {{Team Sport}} {{international rugby union}} {{Olympic sports}} {{Rugby Union Club Competitions}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rugbi Union}} [[Kategori:Rugbi union| ]] [[Kategori:Kaulinan nu maké bal]] [[Kategori:Kode maén bal]] [[Kategori:Olahraga nu lahir di Inggris]] [[Kategori:Olahraga tim]] [[Kategori:Urut olahraga Olimpiade]] 8f5smglgrt0uu5nsbdhio5itvzfbto0 Kénya 0 36108 729213 710870 2026-09-26T16:02:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country|native_name = ''Jamhuri ya Kenya''<br>Republic of Kenya |conventional_long_name = Républik Kénya |common_name = Kénya |image_flag = Flag of Kenya.svg |image_coat = Alternate Coat of arms of Kenya.svg |national_motto = "[[Harambee]]" |image_map = Kenya in its region (de-facto).svg |national_anthem = ''[[Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu]]'' [[File:National anthem of Kenya, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]] |official_languages = [[Basa Swahili]], [[Basa Inggris]]<ref>Konstitusi (2009) Pasal 7[Basa Nasional, resmi, jeung basa nu lian] "(1) Basa nasional ti Républik nyaéta Kiswahili. (2) Basa resmina Républik nyaéta Kiswahili jeung English. (3) Nagara kedah–-–- (a) ngadukung jeung ngalindungan kabébédaan basa ti masarakat Kénya; sarta (b) ngadukung pamekaran jeung pamakéan basa pribumi, basa Isarat Kénya, Braille, sareng wangun komunikasi lianna jeung téhnologi nu tiasa diaksés ku nu tunadaksa."</ref> |demonym = [[Démografi Kénya|Kénya]] |capital = [[Nairobi]] |latd=1 |latm=16 |latNS=S |longd=36 |longm=48 |longEW=E |government_type = [[Républik]] [[Sistim semi-présidénsial|semi-présidénsial]] |leader_title1 = [[Présidén Kénya|President]] |leader_name1 = [[Mwai Kibaki]] |leader_title2 = [[Wakil Présidén Kénya|Wakil Présidén]] |leader_name2 = [[Kalonzo Musyoka]] |leader_title3 = [[Perdana Mentri Kénya|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name3 = [[Raila Odinga]] |largest_city = [[Nairobi]] |area = 580.367 |areami² = 224.080 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank = ka-47 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |percent_water = 2,3 |population_estimate = 41.070.934<ref name=cia>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |authorlink=Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=[[The World Factbook]] |title=Kenya |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html |year=2009 |accessdate=23 Januari 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831033452/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html |date=2020-08-31 }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2011 |population_estimate_rank = ka-33 |population_census = 38.610.097<ref>[http://www.knbs.or.ke/Census%20Results/KNBS%20Brochure.pdf Official 2009 census results.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810182358/http://www.knbs.or.ke/Census%20Results/KNBS%20Brochure.pdf |date=2013-08-10 }}</ref> |population_census_year = 2009 |population_density = 67,2 |population_densitymi² = 174,1 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = ka-140 |GDP_PPP_year = 2011 |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP = $70,573 milyar<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=664&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=69&pr.y=14|title=Kenya|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=06 November 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111122014/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=664&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=69&pr.y=14 |date=11 January 2012 }}</ref> |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1.725<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $35,787 milyar<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2011 |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $875<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |HDI_year = 2011 |HDI = {{increase}} 0,509<ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2011|year=2011|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2 November 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111110322/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf |date=11 January 2012 }}</ref> |HDI_rank = ka-143 |HDI_category = <span style="color:red;">handap</span> |Gini = 42,5 |Gini_rank = ka-48 |Gini_year = 2008 |Gini_category = <span style="color:#FC0">sedeng</span> |FSI = 91,3 {{increase}} 2,7 |FSI_year = 2007 |FSI_rank = ka-31 |FSI_category = <span style="color:#f00;">Bahaya</span> |sovereignty_type = [[Kamerdikaan]] |established_event1 = ti [[Britania Raya]] |established_date1 = 12 Désémber 1963 |established_event2 = Républik didéklarasikeun |established_date2 = 12 Désémber 1964 |currency = [[Shilling Kénya]] |currency_code = KES |time_zone = [[Wanci Afrika Wétan|EAT]] |date_format = dd/mm/yy([[Anno Domini|AD]]) |utc_offset = +3 |time_zone_DST = ''teu kaobsérvasi'' |utc_offset_DST = +3 |drives_on = kénca |cctld = [[.ke]] |calling_code = [[+254]] |footnotes = 1. Dumasar kana [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html cia.gov], pakiraan pikeun nagara ieu kalawan tegas kedah diperhatoskeun pangaruh AIDS; hal ieu bisa ngasilkeun harepan hirup nu leuwih leutik, tingkat maotna orok jeung jalma nu leuwih luhur, populasi jeung pamekaran jumlahana nu leuwih leutik, jeung ngarobihna pangumpulan populasi dina yuswa jeung lalaki/awéwé, nu bisa di luar nu dikira.<ref name=cia/> }} '''Kénya''', resmina '''Républik Kénya''', nyaéta hiji nagara di [[Afrika Wétan]] nu diliwatan ku [[khatulistiwa]], kalawan [[Samudra Hindia]] ka kidul-wétanna. Nagara ieu tepung wates jeung [[Tanzania]] di kidul, [[Uganda]] di kulon, [[Sudan Kidul]] di kalér-kulon, [[Étiopia]] di kalér, sarta [[Somalia]] di kalér-wétan. Kenya miboga aréa kira-kira 580.000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> jeung jumlah populasi ampir 41&nbsp;yuta,<ref name="KenPop">Google, [http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdi&met=sp_pop_totl&idim=country:KEN&dl=en&hl=en&q=kenya+population Public data]. Ditarima 29 Juni 2010.</ref> ngawakilan 42 kelompok urang jeung budaya nu bébéda.<ref>A. C. Keith, ''A map book of Eastern Africa, Zambia ad Malawi'', (Macmillan Books for Africa), p.13.</ref> Nagara ieu dingaranan dumasar kana [[Gunung Kénya]]. Mimiluan hiji réferéndum jeung dipakéna konstitusi nu anyar dina Agustus 2010, Kénya ayeuna dibagi kana 47 ''county'' anu mangrupa unit pamaréntahan semi-otonom. Unit-unit ieu dipiharep dilaksanakeun sacara pinuh ti Agustus 2012 – nalika pamilu kahijia dina konstitusi nu anyar. ''County''-''county''-na bakal diluluguan ku hiji [[gubernur]] kapilih. [[Géografi Kénya|Géografi]] nagara ieu rupa-rupa saperti [[Démografi Kénya|populasina]]. Nagara ieu miboga iklim nu haneut jeung beueus di sapanjang basisirna kana Samudra Hindia nu ngarobah ka padang jukut [[savana]] kalawan raloba margasatwa sajalan anjeun mapay ka lebet nagara ieu ka ibu kotana, [[Nairobi]]. Nairobi miboga iklim nu tiis anu jadi leuwih tiis ngadeukeut ka [[Gunung Kénya]] nu miboga tilu puncak nu terus saljuan. Iklim tropis haneut jeung beueus muncul leuwih jauh ke lebet nuju ka [[Dano Victoria]], saméméh lalampahan ka wewengkon iklim sedeng leuweungan jeung papasiran di kulon. Wewengkon Kalér Wétan sapanjang wates di Somalia jeung Étiopia keusik jeung rada keusik kalawan lanskap deukeut [[sagara]]. Nagara ieu ogé miboga aktivitas [[géotérmal]] nu ngasilkeun raloba tanaga listrik nasional. Ibu kota Kénya, [[Nairobi]], aya di sabeulah hiji taman nasional. Nagara ieu katelah ti [[safari]] jeung suaka margasatwana saperti [[Taman Nasional Tsavo ]], [[Maasai Mara]], [[Taman Nasional Dano Nakuru|Taman Nasional Nakuru]], jeung [[Taman Nasional Aberdares]]. [[Dano Victoria]], dano cai tawar nu panggedéna kadua di dunya (sanggeus [[Dano Superior]] di Amérika Kalér), aya di beulah kidul-kulon sarta dibagi ogé bareng Uganda jeung Tanzania. Salaku bagian ti [[Afrika Wétan]], Kénya geus didumukan ku manusa ti période [[Paléolitik Handap]]. [[Palegaan Bantu]] nepi ka wewengkon ieu dina milénium kahiji Maséhi, jeung wates ti nagara kiwari ngawengku pasimpangan wewengkon [[basa Bantu|basa-basa Bantu]], [[basa Nilo-Sahara]], jeung [[basa Afro-Asia]], nyieun Kénya hiji [[nagara multi-étnis]] sajati. Hadirna Éropa jeung Arab di [[Mombasa]] ngarujuk kana période Modérn awal, tapi [[Panjelajahan Éropa di Afrika|panjelajahan Éropa]] ti bagian jerona mimiti dina abad ka-19. [[Kakaisaran Britania]] ngadegeun [[Protéktorat Afrika Wétan]] dina 1895, disebut ti 1920 salaku [[Koloni Kénya]]. Républik Kénya merdika diwangun dina Désémber 1963. Kénya mangrupa anggota [[Komunitas Afrika Wétan]] jeung ngahasilkeun atlét kelas dunya saperti juara dunya [[Paul Tergat]] jeung [[David Rudisha]]. ==Wewengkon Administratif== :''Artikel utama: [[Propinsi Kénya]], [[Distrik Kénya]], [[Divisi Kénya]]'' Kénya dibagi kana 47 ''county'' semi-otonom nu bakal diluluguan ku [[gubernur]] nu bakal dipilih dina pamilu kahiji dina konstitusi anyar di Agustus 2012. Dina konstitusi nu heubeul, Kénya ngawengku 8 [[Propinsi Kénya|propinsi]] masing-masing dilulugu ku Komisionér Propinsial (ditunjuk ku présidén). Propinsi-propinsina (''mkoa'' tunggal ''mikoa'' >1 dina [[Basa Swahili]]) dibagi deui kana [[Distrik Kénya|distrik]] (''[[wilaya]]''). Aya 69 distrik dina sénsus 1999. Distrik-distrikna teras dibagi deui kana (total) 497 [[Divisi Kénya|divisi]] (''taarafa''). Divisi-divisna teras dibagi deui kana (total) 2.427 [[Lokasi Kénya|lokasi]] (''mtaa'') jeung teras (total) 6.612 sublokasi (''mtaa mdogo'').<ref>Central Bureaus of Statistics (Kenya): [http://www.cartesia.org/geodoc/icc2005/pdf/oral/TEMA26/Session%203/ODHIAMBO%20E.A.pdf Census cartography: The Kenyan Experience] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170352/http://www.cartesia.org/geodoc/icc2005/pdf/oral/TEMA26/Session%203/ODHIAMBO%20E.A.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> Kota Nairobi miboga status propinsi administratif pinuh. Pamaréntah ngawaskeun administrasi jeung propinsi. Propinsi-propinsina nyaéta: [[File:Kenya Provinces numbered.svg|260px|thumb|center|Propinsi-propinsina Kénya]] {{col|2}} # [[Propinsi Tengah (Kénya)|Tengah]] # [[Propinsi Basisir|Basisir]] # [[Propinsi Wétan (Kénya)|Wétan]] # [[Propinsi Nairobi|Nairobi]] # [[Propinsi Kalér Wétan (Kénya)|Kalér Wétan]] # [[Propinsi Nyanza|Nyanza]] # [[Propinsi Lebak Sela|Lebak Sela]] # [[Propinsi Kulon (Kénya)|Kulon]] </div> Dina konstitusi Kénya nu ayeuna, otoritas pamaréntahan lokal teu diakuan. Tapi, dina konstitusi nu heubeul, pamaréntahan lokal di Kénya dilaksanakeun liwat [[Otoritas lokal Kénya|otoritas lokal]]. Loba puseur pakotaan miboga déwan. Otoritas lokal di pilemburan kawanoh salaku déwan ''county''. Anggota déwan lokal dipilih ku pamilihan, nu dilaksanakeun babarengan jeung pamilu. ==Tempo ogé== *[[Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa]] *[[Hubungan luar nagri Kénya]] *[[Basa-basa di Kénya]] *[[Daptar misi diplomatik Kénya]] *[[Daptar inohong Kénya]] *[[Daptar tahanan kémah perang Perang Dunya II di Kénya]] *[[Militér Kénya]] ==Réferénsi== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Bacaan salajengna== * Anderson, David, ''Histories of the Hanged: Testimonies from the Mau Mau Rebellion in Kenya'', (Phoenix, 2006) * Barsby, Jane. ''Kenya: Culture Smart!: a quick guide to customs and etiquette'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/dp/1857333497 excerpt and text search] * Bindloss, Joe. ''Kenya'' (Country Guide) (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/dp/1741047730 excerpt and text search] * Branch, Daniel, ''Defeating Mau Mau, Creating Kenya: Counterinsurgency, Civil War, and Decolonization'', (Cambridge University Press, 2009) * Branch, Daniel, ''Kenya: Between Hope and Despair, 1963-2011'' (Yale University Press, 2011) * DK. ''Kenya'' (Eyewitness Travel Guide) (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0756653703 excerpt and text search] * Elkins, Caroline, ''Britain's Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya'', (Pimlico, 2005) * Gatheru, R. Mugo. ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970.'' McFarland, 2005. 236 pp. * Haugerud, Angelique. ''The Culture of Politics in Modern Kenya.'' Cambridge U. Press, 1995. 266 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0521595908 excerpt and text search] * Hewitt, Peter, ''Kenya Cowboy: A Police Officer's Account of the Mau Mau Emergency '', (30 Degrees South Publishers, 2008) * {{cite web|last=Hoorweg|first=Jan|title=Kenya Coast bibliography|url=http://www.ascleiden.nl/Publications/Bibliographies/KenyaCoast/|publisher=[[Afrika-Studiecentrum, Leiden]]|accessdate=23 April 2011|date=27 January 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091108081958/http://www.ascleiden.nl/Publications/Bibliographies/KenyaCoast/ |date=8 November 2009 }} * {{cite book| last = Kimaiyo| first = Towett J.| title = Ogiek Land Cases and Historical Injustices, 1902–2004| publisher = Ogiek Welfare Council| year = 2004| location = Nakuru, Kenya| url = http://www.geocities.com/OgiekLand/| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071029164155/http://www.geocities.com/OgiekLand/| archivedate = 29 October 2007| accessdate = 10 December 2011}} * Maxon, Robert M. and Ofcansky, Thomas P. ''Historical Dictionary of Kenya.'' (2nd ed. Scarecrow, 2000). 449 pp * Mwaura, Ndirangu. ''Kenya Today: Breaking the Yoke of Colonialism in Africa.'' Algora, 2005. 238 pp. * Ndege, Géorge Oduor. ''Health, State, and Society in Kenya.'' U. of Rochester Press, 2001. 224 pp. * Ochieng, William R., ed. ''Themes in Kenyan History.'' Ohio U. Press, 1991. 261 pp. * Ochieng, William R., ed. ''A Modern History of Kenya: In Honour of Professor B. A. Ogot.'' Nairobi, Kenya: Evans Brothers, 1989. 259 pp. * Ogot, B. A. ''Historical dictionary of Kenya'' (1981) * Parkinson, Tom, and Matt Phillips. ''Lonely Planet Kenya'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.ca/dp/1740597435 except and text search] * Pinkney, Robert. ''The International Politics of East Africa.'' Manchester U. Pr., 2001. 242 pp. compares Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. * Press, Robert M. ''Peaceful Resistance: Advancing Human Rights and Democratic Freedoms.'' Ashgate, 2006. 227 pp. * ''Rough Guide To Kenya'' (8th ed. 2006) * Various, ''Decolonization and Independence in Kenya, 1940-93'', (James Currey, 1995) * Various, ''Mau Mau and Nationhood: Arms, Authority and Narration'', (James Currey, 2003) * Wrong, Michaela, ''It's Our Turn to Eat: The Story of a Kenyan Whistle-Blower'', (Harper Perennial, 2010) ==Tumbu kaluar== {{InterWiki|Swahili language|code=sw}} {{Sisterlinks}} ; Pamaréntah *[http://www.kenya.go.ke/ Pamaréntah Kénya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113033437/http://www.kenya.go.ke/ |date=2008-11-13 }} Loka resmi. *[http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/ Istana Nagara Kénya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105143157/http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/ |date=2008-11-05 }} Istana Nagara, Kénya, loka resmi. ; Umum *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1024563.stm Propil Nagara] ti [[BBC News]] *[http://www.kenya.info/ Républik Kénya, Info Ilahar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103712/http://www.kenya.info/ |date=2009-08-31 }} *[http://www.britannica.com/nations/Kenya Kenya] ti [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] *[http://www.newint.org/columns/country/2011/09/01/armenia/ Propil Nagara] ti [[New Internationalist]] *{{CIA World Factbook link|ke|Kenya}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/kenya.htm Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091024050050/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/kenya.htm |date=2009-10-24 }} ti ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Kenya|Kenya}} *{{cite web|title=Kenya|url=http://reliefweb.int/taxonomy/term/131|work=Countries + Disasters|publisher=[[ReliefWeb]]}} *{{Wikia|solarcooking|Solar Cookers World Network|Kenya}} *{{Wikiatlas|Kenya}} ; Pelesir *[http://www.magicalkenya.com/ magicalkenya.com] *{{wikivoyage|Kenya}} <!--Templates--> {{Kenya topics}} {{First and second-level administrative divisions of Kenya|state=collapsed}} {{Years in Kenya}} {{Template group |title = [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Géografi lokal |list = {{Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean}} {{Countries of Africa}} }} {{Template group |title = Kaanggotaan internasional |list = {{The Commonwealth}} {{African Union}} {{G-15 nations}} }} {{Template group |title = Basa |list = {{Afro-Asiatic-speaking nations}} {{Niger-Congo-speaking}} {{English official language clickable map}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kenya}} [[Category:Kénya| ]] [[Category:Afrika Wétan]] [[Category:Anggota Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa]] [[Category:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] [[Category:Anggota Uni Afrika]] [[Category:Nagara di Afrika]] [[Category:Nagara G15]] [[Category:Nagara jeung téritori Bantu]] [[Category:Nagara nu tepung wates jeung Samudra Hindia]] [[Category:Nu ngadeg taun 1963]] [[Category:Républik]] [[Category:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] [[Category:Wewengkon nu maké basa Swahili]] tee0qarusdz0ovfsrphsod2otykhpop Komoro 0 36115 729206 655587 2026-09-26T15:09:15Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729206 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Artikel ieu ngeunaan nagarana. Pikeun kapuloannana, tempo [[Kapuloan Komoro]]'' {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Uni Komoro |common_name = Komoro |native_name = Union des Comores<br />''Udzima wa Komori''<br />الاتحاد القمري<br />''{{transl|ar|DIN|al-Ittiḥād al-Qumurī/Qamarī}}'' |demonym = Comoran(s)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5236.htm |title=Comoros |publisher=State.gov |date=2010-05-05 |accessdate=2010-06-01 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805051229/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5236.htm |date=2011-08-05 }}</ref> |image_flag = Flag of the Comoros.svg |image_coat = Seal of the Comoros.svg |symbol_type = Seal |image_map = LocationComoros.svg |national_motto = ''"Unité – Solidarité – Développement"'' |national_anthem = ''[[Udzima wa ya Masiwa]]'' |official_languages = [[Basa Komoro]]<br /> [[Basa Arab]]<br /> [[Basa Perancis]] |capital = [[Moroni, Komoro|Moroni]] |latd=11 |latm=41 |latNS=S |longd=43 |longm=16 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Moroni, Komoro|Moroni]] |government_type = [[Républik féderal]] |leader_title1 = [[Présidén Komoro|Présidén]] |leader_name1 = [[Azali Assoumani]] |area_rank = ka-178 (kaasup Mayotte) |area_magnitude (kaasup [[Mayotte]]) = 1_E9 |area = 2.235 |areami² = 863 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = tiasa teu dipadulikeun |population_estimate = 798.000<sup>a</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2010 |population_estimate_rank = ka-163 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density = 275 |population_densitymi² = 712 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = ka-25 |GDP_PPP_year = 2010 |GDP_PPP = $800 yuta<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=87&pr.y=5&sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=632&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=Comoros|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2011-04-21}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514045922/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=87&pr.y=5&sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=632&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |date=2011-05-14 }}</ref> |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1.202<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal = $534 yuta<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2010 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $802<ref name=imf2/> |HDI_year = 2007 |HDI = {{increase}} 0,576 |HDI_rank = ka-139 |HDI_category = <span style="color:#fc0;">sedeng</span> |sovereignty_type = [[Kamerdikaan]] |established_event1 = ti [[Perancis]] |established_date1 = 6 Juli 1975 |currency = [[Franc Komoro]] |currency_code = KMF |time_zone = [[Wanci Afrika Wétan|EAT]] |utc_offset = +3 |time_zone_DST = teu kaobsérvasi |utc_offset_DST = +3 |drives_on = katuhu |cctld = [[.km]] |calling_code = [[+269|269]] |footnotes = <sup>a</sup> Teu kaasup Mayotte }} '''Komoro''' ({{lang-ar|جزر القمر}}, ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Ǧuzur al-Qumur/Qamar}}''), resminia '''Uni Komoro''' ([[Basa Komoro]]: ''Udzima wa Komori,'' {{lang-fr|Union des Comores}}, {{lang-ar|الاتحاد القمري}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|al-Ittiḥād al-Qumurī/Qamarī}}'') nyaéta hiji [[nagara kapuloan|nagara]] [[kapuloan]] di [[Samudra Hindia]], di juru kalér [[Selat Mozambik]], antara [[Mozambik]] jeung [[Madagaskar]]. [[Nagara]] lian nu deukeut Komoro nyaéta [[Tanzania]] di kalér-kulon jeung [[Seychelles]] di kalér-wétan. Ibu kotana nyaéta [[Moroni, Komoro|Moroni]] dina [[Grande Comore]]. Komoro mangrupa anggota ti [[Uni Afrika]], [[Francophonie]], [[Organisasi Sabilulungan Islam]], [[Liga Arab]], jeung [[Komisi Samudra Hindia]]. Sajarah nagara ieu miboga loba [[kudéta]] ti [[kamerdikaan]]na dina 1975. Dina 2008, kira-kira saparo populasi aya di handap garis kamiskinan internasional (1.25 $AS per poé).<ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf ''Human Development Indices''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520061654/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf |date=2020-05-20 }}, Table 3: Human and income poverty, p. 35. Retrieved on 1 June 2009</ref> == Tempo ogé == {{col|2}} * [[Mayotte]] * [[Komunikasi di Komor]] * [[Bandéra Komoro]] * [[Pupuhu nagara Komoro]] * [[Daptar inohong Komoro]] * [[Transportasi di Komoro]] * [[Wezombeli]] </div> == Réferénsi == <!-- Artikel ieu miboga téks ti ''[[Library of Congress]] Country Studies'', nu mangrupakeun [[domain umum]]. --> {{Reflist|30em}} == Bacaan salajengna == * ''The Comoros Islands: Struggle Against Dependency in the Indian Ocean'' Malyn Newitt * ''Historical Dictionary of the Comoro Islands'' Martin and Harriet Ottenheimer * ''Shinzwani-English/English-Shinzwani Dictionary'' Harriet Ottenheimer * ''Lonely Planet World Guide: Madagascar and Comoros'' Gemma Pitcher and Patricia C. Wright == Tumbu kaluar == {{Sisterlinks|Comoros}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101210081335/http://www.beit-salam.km/ Union des Comores] * {{CIA_World_Factbook link|cn|Comoros}} * {{GovPubs|comoros}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Comoros|Komoro}} * {{Wikiatlas|Comoros}} * {{wikivoyage|Comoros}} {{Template group |title = Géografi lokal |list = {{Comoros topics}} {{Countries of Africa}} {{Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean}} }} {{Template group |title = Kaanggotaan internasional |list = {{Arab League}} {{Organization of Islamic Cooperation|state=collapsed}} {{African Union}} {{La Francophonie|state=collapsed}} }} [[Kategori:Komoro| ]] [[Kategori:Anggota La Francophonie]] [[Kategori:Anggota Liga Arab]] [[Kategori:Anggota OSI]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] [[Kategori:Anggota Uni Afrika]] [[Kategori:Kapuloan Komoro]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Afrika]] [[Kategori:Nagara jeung téritori Bantu]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu kirang kawangun]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu maké basa Perancis]] [[Kategori:Nagara Samudra Hindia]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1975]] [[Kategori:Républik féderal]] [[Kategori:Selat Mozambik]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Arab]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Swahili]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Komoro}} 3x44tp9dklsbif8kuflij5pyc6ys24q Sénégal 0 36325 729315 712540 2026-09-27T00:25:38Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = ''République du Sénégal'' |conventional_long_name = Républik Sénégal ||common_name = Sénégal |image_flag = Flag of Senegal.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Senegal.svg |image_map = Location Senegal AU Africa.svg |map_caption = Lokasi Sénégal dina [[Uni Afrika]] |national_motto = "Un Peuple, Un But, Une Foi" |national_anthem = ''[[Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons]]'' |demonym = Senegalese |languages_type = [[Basa resmi]]<br>{{nobold|([[Basa nasional]])}} |languages = [[Basa Perancis|Perancis]]<br>([[Basa Wolof|Wolof]], [[Basa Soninke|Soninke]], [[Basa Seereer-Siin|Seereer-Siin]], [[Basa Fula|Fula]], [[Maninka]], [[Diola]]<ref>« La langue officielle de la République du Sénégal est le Français. Les langues nationales sont le Diola, le Malinké, le Pulaar, le Sérére, le Soninké, le Wolof et toute autre langue nationale qui sera codifiée. » − [http://www.gouv.sn/textes/const_detail.cfm?numero=TITREPREMIER Extrait du site officiel du Example gouvernement sénégalais] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060725231741/http://www.gouv.sn/textes/const_detail.cfm?numero=TITREPREMIER |date=2006-07-25 }}</ref>) |ethnic_groups = Wolof 43,3%<br>Pular 23,8%<br>Serer 14,7%<br>Jola 3,7%<br>Mandinka 3%<br>Soninke 1,1%<br>Éropa/Libanon 1%<br>nu lian 9,4% |capital = [[Dakar]] |latd=14 |latm=40 |latNS=N |longd=17 |longm=25 |longEW=W |largest_city = [[Dakar]] |government_type = [[Sistim semi-présidénsial|Républik semi-présidénsial]] |leader_title1 = [[Daptar Présidén Sénégal|Présidén]] |leader_name1 = [[:fr:Bassirou Diomaye Faye|Bassirou Diomaye Faye]] |leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Sénégal|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name2 = [[:fr:Ousmane Sonko|Ousmane Sonko]] |area_rank = ka-87 |area_magnitude = |area = 196.723 |areami² = 76.000 |percent_water = 2,1 |population_estimate = 18.384.660<ref name=cia>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |authorlink=CIA |publisher=[[The World Factbook]] |title=Senegal |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831041253/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html |date=2020-08-31 }}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = ka-66 |population_estimate_year = 2023 |population_census = 9.967.215 |population_census_year = 2002 |population_density = 69,7 |population_densitymi² = 180,4 |population_density_rank = ka-134 |GDP_PPP = $23,274&nbsp;milyar<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=722&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=38&pr.y=13|title=Senegal|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=21 April 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504032408/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=722&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=38&pr.y=13 |date=4 May 2011 }}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2010 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1.772<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal = $13,472&nbsp;milyar<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2010 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1.026<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |sovereignty_type = [[Sajarah Sénégal|Kamerdikaan]] |established_event1 = ti [[Perancis]] bareng [[Sudan Perancis]] salaku [[Féderasi Mali]] |established_date1 = 20 Juni 1960 |sovereignty_type2 = Misah |established_event2 = ti [[Féderasi Mali]] |established_date2 = 20 Agustus 1960 |HDI = {{increase}}0,411 |HDI_rank = ka-144 |HDI_year = 2010 |HDI_category = <span style="color:#e0584e;">handap</span> |Gini = 41,3 |Gini_year = 1995 |Gini_category = <span style="color:#fc0;">sedeng</span> |currency = [[Franc CFA Afrika Kulon|Franc CFA]] |currency_code = XOF |country_code = |time_zone = [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] |utc_offset = |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = katuhu |cctld = [[.sn]] |calling_code = 221 |footnotes = }} '''Sénégal''' ({{lang-fr|le Sénégal}}), resmina '''Républik Sénégal''' (''République du Sénégal'', {{IPA-fr|ʁepyblik dy seneɡal|IPA}}), nyaéta hiji nagara di Afrika kulon. Ngaran nagara ieu dumasar kana [[Walungan Sénégal]] nu aya ka wétan jeung kalér. Sénégal wawatesan jeung Samudra Atlantik di kulon, [[Mauritania]] di kalér, [[Mali]] di wétan, jeung [[Guinéa]] sareng [[Guinéa-Bissau]] di kidul; di jero nagara ieu aya nagara [[Gambia]], nu ngan wawatesan jeung Sénégal sarta Samudra Atlantik. Sénégal miboga aréa méh {{convert|197000|km2}}, jeung miboga hiji populasi kira-kira 14 yuta. Iklimna tropis kalawan 2 usum: halodo jeung panghujan. [[Dakar]], ibu kota Sénégal, aya di beulah kulon nagara ieu, di [[Samenanjung Cap-Vert]]. Kira-kira 500 kilométer (300&nbsp;mil) tina, aya [[Kapuloan Tanjung Verde]]. Dina abad ka-17 jeung ka-18, raloba pos dagang, piboga rupa-rupa pihak, diwangun sapanjang basisir. Kota St. Louis jadi ibu kota ti [[Afrika Kulon Perancis]] (Afrique occidentale française, atawa AOF) saméméh dipindahkeun ka Dakar dina 1902. Dakar teras jadi ibu kota nagara ieu dina 1960 basa jaman kamerdikaan ti Perancis. ==Étimologi==<!--linked--> {{See also|Walungan Sénégal}} Nagara ieu dingaranan dumasar kana [[Walungan Sénégal]], nu asal ngaranna diparebutkeun. Hiji téori populér (diajukeun ku [[David Boilat]] dina 1853) nyaéta asalna ti prase [[Basa Wolof|Wolof]], ''suñu gaal'', nu hartina "kano urang" (atawa [[pirogue]]), dihasilkeun ti miskomunikasi antara palaut Portugis abad ka-15 jeung nelayan Wolof. Sajarawan modérn percaya yén ngaranna meureunan asalna ti [[Urang Zenaga]] [[Urang Berber|Berber]] nu ngadumukan sisi kalér walungan. Téori lianna nyaéa ngaran ieu diturunkeun ti kota jaman patengahan, "Sanghana" (atawa Isenghan, Asengan, Singhanah), dicaritakeun ku ahli géografi Arab, [[al-Bakri]] dina 1068, nu aya di muara walungan. Sanajan kitu, téori "kano urang" geus populér didukung di Sénégal modérn Senegal. Sababaraha [[urang Sérér]] ti pakidulan percaya yén ngaran walungan éta aslina diturunkeun ti saruntuyan kecap basa [[basa Sérér|Sérér]], "Sene" (ti Roge Sene, Déwa Ageung dina [[ageman Sérér]]) jeung "O Gal" (hartina "daérah cai"). ==Géografi== {{utama|Géografi Sénégal}} [[File:Casamance landscape.jpg|thumb|Lanskap [[Casamance]]]] Sénégal aya di bagian kulon ti buana [[Afrika]]. Nagara ieu aya di antara [[12° Lintang kalér|12°]] jeung [[17° lintang kalér]], jeung [[11° imbit kulon|11°]] jeung [[18° imbit kulon]]. Lanskap Sénégal diwangun ti utamina dataran sagara ti [[Sahel]] kulon nepi ka pasir di kidul-wétan. Titik pangluhurna di Sénégal, deukeut [[Nepen Diakha]], nyaéta dina {{convert|584|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. Wates kalérna dibentuk ku [[Walungan Sénégal]], walungan lianna kaasup [[Walungan Gambia]] jeung [[Walungan Casamance|Casamance]]. Ibu kotana, Dakar aya di samenanjung [[Cap-Vert]], titik pangkulonna di buana Afrika. ==Babagian administratif== {{utama|Région di Sénégal|Departemén di Sénégal|Arrondissement di Sénégal}} Sénégal dibagi kana 14 région,<ref>[http://www.statoids.com/usn.html Statoids page on Senegal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719033107/http://www.statoids.com/usn.html |date=2011-07-19 }} (noting that three new regions were split off on 10 September 2008).</ref> masing-masingna diadministrasi ku hiji ''Conseil Régional'' ([[Déwan Régional (Sénégal)|Déwan Régional]]) dipilih ku rahayat dina tingkat ''Arrondissement''. Nagara ieu salajengna dibagi kana (total) 45 ''Départements'', 103 ''Arrondissements'' (duanana teu boga fungsi administratif) jeung ku ''Collectivités Locales'', nu milih pajabat administratif.<ref>[http://www.uael.sn/article.php3?id_article=32 List of current local elected officials] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819053719/http://www.uael.sn/article.php3?id_article=32 |date=2007-08-19 }} from Union des ''Associations d’ Elus Locaux (UAEL) du Sénégal''. See also the law creating current local government structures: {{fr icon}}[http://www.demarches.gouv.sn/collectivites-locales/pdf/code-collec-locales-sen.pdf Code des collectivités locales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511042009/http://www.demarches.gouv.sn/collectivites-locales/pdf/code-collec-locales-sen.pdf |date=2011-05-11 }}, Loi n° 96-06 du 22 mars 1996.</ref> Ibu kota région miboga ngaran nu sarua jeung régionna: [[File:Regions of Senegal.svg|center|300px|Région di Sénégal]] {{col|2}} * [[Région Dakar|Dakar]] * [[Région Diourbel|Diourbel]] * [[Région Fatick|Fatick]] * [[Région Kaffrine|Kaffrine]] * [[Région Kaolack|Kaolack]] * [[Région Kédougou|Kédougou]] * [[Région Kolda|Kolda]] * [[Région Louga|Louga]] * [[Région Matam|Matam]] * [[Région Saint-Louis|Saint-Louis]] * [[Région Sédhiou|Sédhiou]] * [[Région Tambacounda|Tambacounda]] * [[Région Thiés|Thiés]] * [[Région Ziguinchor|Ziguinchor]] </div> ===Kota utama=== [[File:Sg-map.png|thumb|275px|Peta Sénégal]] {{See also|Daptar kota di Sénégal}} Ibu kota Sénégal, Dakar, mangrupa kota panggedéna di Sénégal, kalawan populasi leuwih ti 2 yuta.<ref name="ANSD-population">{{cite web |url = http://www.ansd.org/SES2005.pdf |title = Situation économique et sociale du Sénégal |author = Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie |publisher = Government of Senegal |language = French |format = PDF |year = 2005 |accessdate = 18 November 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625002308/http://www.ansd.org/SES2005.pdf |archivedate = 25 June 2008 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615173338/http://www.ansd.org/SES2005.pdf |date=15 June 2007 }}</ref> Kota nu populasina panglobana kadua nyaéta [[Touba, Sénégal|Touba]], hiji ''communaute rurale'' ''[[de jure]]'' (komunitas désa), kalawan saparo yuta jiwa.<ref name="ANSD-population"/><ref name="CitiesinSenegal">{{cite web | url = http://popofcities.com/senegalCITY.htm | title = Cities in Senegal | last = Forsberg | first = Jan | accessdate = 18 November 2008 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227175529/http://popofcities.com/senegalCITY.htm |date=27 February 2012 }}</ref> ==Tempo ogé== * [[Tatanén di Sénégal]] * [[Universitas Cheikh Anta Diop]] Universitas Dakar * [[Confédération Sénégalaise du Scoutisme]] * [[Atikan di Sénégal]] * [[Hubungan luar nagri Sénégal]] * [[Mililtér Sénégal]] * [[Musik Sénégal]] * [[Tim nasional maén bal Sénégal]] * [[Telekomunikasi di Sénégal]] * [[Transportasi di Sénégal]] ==Rujukan== {{reflist|2}} ==Bacaan salajengna== * Babou, Cheikh Anta, ''Fighting the Greater Jihad: Amadu Bamba and the Founding of the Muridiyya of Senegal, 1853-1913'', (Ohio University Press, 2007) * Behrman, Lucy C, ''Muslim Brotherhood and Politics in Senegal'', (iUniverse.com, 1999) * Buggenhage, Beth A, ''Muslim Families in Global Senegal: Money Takes Care of Shame'', (Indiana University Press, 2012) * Bugul, Ken, ''The Abandoned Baobab: The Autobiography of a Senegalese Woman'', (University of Virginia Press, 2008) * Foley, Ellen E, ''Your Pocket is What Cures You: The Politics of Health in Senegal'', (Rutgers University Press, 2010) * Gellar, Sheldon, ''Democracy in Senegal: Tocquevillian Analytics in Africa'', (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) * Glover, John, ''Sufism and Jihad in Modern Senegal: The Murid Order'', (University of Rochester Press, 2007) * Kane, Katharina, ''Lonely Planet Guide: The Gambia and Senegal'', (Lonely Planet Publications, 2009) * Kueniza, Michelle, ''Education and Democracy in Senegal'', (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011) * Mbacké, Khadim, ''Sufism and Religious Brotherhoods in Senegal'', (Markus Wiener Publishing Inc., 2005) * Ross, Eric S, ''Culture and Customs of Senegal'', (Greenwood, 2008) * Streissguth, Thomas, ''Senegal in Pictures'', (Twentyfirst Century Books, 2009) * Various, ''Insight Guide: Gambia and Senegal'', (APA Publications Pte Ltd., 2009) * Various, ''New Perspectives on Islam in Senegal: Conversion, Migration, Wealth, Power, and Femininity'', (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009) * Various, ''Senegal: Essays in Statecraft'', (Codesria, 2003) * Various, ''Street Children in Senegal'', (GYAN France, 2006) ==Tumbu kaluar== {{Sisterlinks}} ; Pamaréntah *[http://www.gouv.sn Gouvernement du Sénégal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516093351/http://www.gouv.sn/ |date=2008-05-16 }}—Loka pamaréntah resmi {{fr icon}} *[http://www.osiris.sn/ Observatoire sur les systémes d'information, réseaux et inforoutes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308031632/http://osiris.sn/ |date=2011-03-08 }} {{fr icon}} ; Informasi umum *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1064496.stm Propil Nagara] ti [[BBC News]] *{{CIA World Factbook link|sg|Senegal}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/senegal.htm Senegal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611191812/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/senegal.htm |date=2010-06-11 }} ti ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Senegal|Sénégal}} *{{wikiatlas|Senegal}} * [http://www.asso-diama-senegal.org Informasi di Sénégal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605221920/http://asso-diama-senegal.org/ |date=2013-06-05 }} ; Warta * [http://www.senregal.com/ SenRegal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220050717/http://senregal.com/ |date=2012-02-20 }} Warta, Musik ti Senegal *[http://www.seneweb.com Seneweb] warta {{fr icon}} * [http://allafrica.com/senegal/ Sénégal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218213423/http://allafrica.com/senegal/ |date=2009-02-18 }} ti [[AllAfrica.com]] ; Pelesir *{{wikivoyage|Senegal}} ; Nu lian *[http://www.syklontechnologies.com Syklon Technologies: Société de Services en Ingenierie Informatique au Sénégal et offshore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218091006/http://syklontechnologies.com/ |date=2014-12-18 }} {{fr icon}} * [http://www.senegalphonebook.com/ Diréktori bisnis Sénégal] ti ''Africa Phonebooks'' *[http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/ethnies.html Grup étnis di Sénégal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210131718/http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/ethnies.html |date=2009-12-10 }} {{fr icon}} *[http://www.lafrique.com/afrique/articles/5/ L'Afrique – Sénégal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509123351/http://www.lafrique.com/afrique/articles/5/ |date=2008-05-09 }} Ratusan poto jeung artikel {{fr icon}} {{Senegal topics}} {{Navboxes | title = Géografi lokal | list = {{Countries of Africa}} }} {{Navboxes | title = Kaanggotaan internasional | list = {{African Union}} {{G15}} {{OIC}} {{South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone}} {{La Francophonie}} {{Latinunion}} {{Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP)}} }} {{Navboxes | title = Basa | list = {{Niger-Congo-speaking}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Senegal}} [[Kategori:Sénégal| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Afrika]] [[Kategori:Anggota Uni Afrika]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu tepung wates jeung Samudra Atlantik]] [[Kategori:Komunitas Ékonomi Nagara Afrika Kulon]] [[Kategori:Nagara G15]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu maké basa Perancis]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu kirang kawangun]] [[Kategori:Anggota La Francophonie]] [[Kategori:Anggota OSI]] [[Kategori:Républik]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1960]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] <!--Interwiki--> q7kk1u4mc3fqg11fowavzhmhtd1hk36 Kapuloan Kanaria 0 36333 729149 703846 2026-09-26T12:55:55Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kapuloan Kanaria<br />''Islas Canarias'' | native_name = | official_name = | settlement_type = [[Komunitas otonom di Spanyol|Komunitas otonom]] | image_skyline = Orotavatal.jpg | imagesize = 275px | image_alt = | image_caption = Gunung [[Teide]] di [[Tenerife]], gunung pangluhurna di Spanyol, ogé salasahiji [[Taman Nasional]] nu panglobana kunjungannana sadunya.<ref name="diariodeavisos.com">{{Cite web|author=Canaria de Avisos S.A. |url=http://www.diariodeavisos.com/2010/diariodeavisos/content/21463/ |title=El Teide, el parque más visitado de Europa y el segundo del mundo |publisher=Diariodeavisos.com |date=2010-07-30 |accessdate=2010-09-20}}</ref><ref name="sanborondon.info">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sanborondon.info/content/view/26362/1/ |title=El parque nacional del Teide es el primero más visitado de Europa y el segundo del mundo |publisher=Sanborondon.info |date= |accessdate=2010-09-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924114109/http://www.sanborondon.info/content/view/26362/1/ |archivedate=2010-09-24 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.europapress.es/islas-canarias/las-palmas-00386/noticia-teide-tenerife-parque-nacional-mas-visitado-canarias-28-millones-visitantes-2008-20090831192653.html |title=El Teide (Tenerife) es el parque nacional más visitado de Canarias con 2,8 millones de visitantes en 2008 |publisher=Europapress.es |date=2009-08-31 |accessdate=2010-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webtenerife.com/PortalTenerife/Home/Disfruta+vacaciones+activas/Ocio/Durante+el+dia/Excursiones/EL+TEIDE.htm?Lang=es |title=Official Website of Tenerife Tourism Corporation |publisher=Webtenerife.com |date= |accessdate=26 April 2010}}</ref><!-- See Talk page --> | image_flag = Flag of the Canary Islands.svg | flag_size = 150x100px | flag_alt = Bandéra Kapuloan Kanaria | image_shield = Coat of Arms of the Canary Islands.svg | shield_size = 100x100px | shield_alt = Canary Islands CoA.svg | motto = | image_map = Mapa territorios España Canarias.svg | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = Lokasi Kapuloan Kanaria | latd = 28 |latm = 06 |lats = |latNS = N | longd = 15 |longm = 24 |longs = |longEW = W | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = inline, title | coordinates_format = dec | coordinates_region = ES | subdivision_type = Nagara | subdivision_name = [[Spanyol]] | seat_type = Ibu kota | seat = [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz]] jeung [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria|Las Palmas]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.gobiernodecanarias.org/tuestatuto/principios_generales.html |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Canarias en la Página Web Oficial del Gobierno de Canarias |publisher=.gobiernodecanarias.org |date= |accessdate=2010-09-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120074726/http://www2.gobiernodecanarias.org/tuestatuto/principios_generales.html |archivedate=2011-01-20 }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 7493 | area_footnotes = (1,5% ti Spain; [[Daptar komunitas otonom Spanyol dumasar aréana|Ranked 13th]]) | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np551.pdf|title=Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on the 1 January 2009|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España|accessdate=2009-06-03}}</ref> | population_total = 2117519 | population_note = | population_blank1_title = [[Daptar komunitas otonom Spanyol dumasar populasi|Réngking pop.]] | population_blank1 = ka-8 | population_blank2_title = Persén | population_blank2 = 4,51% ti Spanyol | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type2 = | demographics2_name1 = | demographics2_info1 = | demographics2_name2 = | demographics2_info2 = | population_blank2_title = [[Grup étnis]] | population_blank2 = 85,7% [[Urang Spanyol|Spanyol]], ([[Urang Kanaria|Kanaria]] <br />jeung [[Peninsulares]]), 14,3% urang asing, utamina [[Urang Jérman|Jérman]], [[Urang Britania|Britania]] | blank_name_sec1 = [[Lagu kabangsaan]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Hymn of the Canaries]] | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Basa resmi]] | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Basa Spanyol]] | blank3_name_sec1 = Statuta Otonomi | blank3_info_sec1 = 16 Agustus 1982 | blank_name_sec2 = Parlemén | blank_info_sec2 = [[Cortes Generales]] | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Kongrés Députi (Spanyol)|Anggota kongrés]] | blank1_info_sec2 = 15 (ti 350) | blank2_name_sec2 = [[Sénat Spanyol]] | blank2_info_sec2 = 13 (ti 264) | postal_code = CN | leader_title = Présidén | leader_name = [[Paulino Rivero]] ([[Coalición Canaria|CC]]) | leader_party = | website = '''[http://www.gobcan.es Gobierno de Canarias]''' | footnotes = }} {{Location map |Atlantic Ocean |label=Kapuloan Kanaria |lon_dir=W |lat_dir=N |lat_deg=28|lat_min=10 |lon_deg=15|lon_min=42 |position=left |width=300 |float=right |mark=Cercle rouge 100%.svg |marksize=20 |caption=Lokasi Kapuloan Kanaria di Samudra Atlantik }} '''Kapuloan Kanaria''' ({{lang-es|Islas Canarias}}, {{IPA-es|ˈizlas kaˈnaɾjas|IPA}}), atawa ''Kanaria'' ({{lang-es|Canarias}}, [[Basa Berber|Berber]]: ''Taknara''), nyaéta hiji [[kapuloan]] piboga [[Spanyol]] nu aya kalér-kuloneun Afrika, kira-kira 100&nbsp;km kuloneun [[Maroko]] jeung [[Sahara Kulon]]. Kanaria mangrupa hiji [[komunitas otonom di Spanyol|komunitas otonom]] Spanyol jeung hiji [[Téritori nagara anggota husus jeung Uni Éropa#Wewengkon luar|wewengkon luar]] ti Uni Éropa. Kapuloan ieu ngawengku (ti nu panggedéna ka nu pangleutikna): [[Tenerife]], [[Gran Canaria]], [[Fuerteventura]], [[Lanzarote]], [[La Palma]], [[La Gomera]], [[El Hierro]], [[La Graciosa]], [[Alegranza]], [[Islote de Lobos|Isla de Lobos]], [[Montaña Clara]], [[Roque del Este]], jeung [[Roque del Oeste]]. Kapuloan Kanaria sahna diakuan salaku ''[[nasionalitas jeung région di Spanyol|nasionalitas]]'' Spanyol. Sacara géografisna mangrupa bagian ti Afrika. == Etimologi == Ngaran ''Islas Canarias'' meureunanna diturunkeun ti ngaran Latin ''Insula Canaria'', nu hartina "Pulo Anjing", ngaran nu ngan dipakékeun ka Gran Canaria. Saur sajarawan, [[Pliny the Elder]], Raja [[Mauretania]], [[Juba II]], masihan pulo éta ngaran ''Canaria'' alatan pulo éta miboga "anjing nu raloba pisan".<ref>Pliny the Elder, ''The Natural History'', Chap. 37. (32.)—The Fortunate Islands</ref> Spékulasi lianna nyaéta nu disebut anjing téh sabenerna hiji spésies ti ''[[Monachus]]'' <ref>(''canis marinus'' or "sea dog" was a Latin term for 'seal'{{dash}}Lewis and Short, ''A Latin Dictionary'', '''''canis''''', sense II. B</ref>), nu mana euweuh deui di Kapuloan Kanaria.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.endangeredspecieshandbook.org/persecution_seals.php |title=Seals and Sea Lions Endangered Species Handbook |publisher=Endangeredspecieshandbook.org |date= |accessdate=2010-04-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212544/http://www.endangeredspecieshandbook.org/persecution_seals.php |archivedate=2016-03-03 }}</ref> Nu lian, disebutkeun ogé yén padumuk asli pulo éta, [[Guanche]], nyembah anjing, ngamumikeun anjing, jeung ngalayananna salaku sasatoan suci.<ref name="10 facts">[http://www.touropia.com/facts-about-the-canary-islands/ 10 Facts about the Canary Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725124259/http://www.touropia.com/facts-about-the-canary-islands/ |date=2017-07-25 }} - Touropia.com - Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> Yunani kuno uninga ogé ngeunaan masarakat, hirup jauh ka kulon, nu "sirah anjing", nu nyembah anjing di hiji pulo.<ref name="10 facts"/> Sababaraha urang néorikeun yén panyembangan anjing Pulo Kanaria jeung sesembahan Mesir kuno, déwa nu mastakana anjing, [[Anubis]], kahubung reket<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NwvgPxA62KkC&pg=PA131&lpg=PA131&dq=canary+islands+anubis&source=bl&ots=g3P_1D6-Tv&sig=ATRvKWSz-o30mfqQ6niQlwR41WQ&hl=en&ei=F4Z-TtPtM8eX8QPqsbiMAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAjge#v=onepage&q=canary%20islands%20anubis&f=false|title= The Atlantis Encyclopaedia|author=Joseph, Frank|publisher=New Page Books| date= 2005 |accessdate= 25 September 2011}}</ref> tapi euweuh panerangan ngeunaan nu mana nu kahiji. Hubungan jeung anjing dimumulékeun dina lamabng kapuloan ieu (aya di luhur). == Tempo ogé == * [[Spanyol]] === Sajarah === * [[Piramida Güímar]] * [[Patempuran Acentejo Kahiji]] * [[Patempuran Acentejo Kadua]] * [[Patempuran Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1797)]] * [[Tanausu]] * [[San Andrés, Santa Cruz de Tenerife|San Andrés]] === Géografi === * [[La Matanza de Acentejo, Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] * [[Los Llanos de Aridane]] * [[Orotava Valley]] * [[Guatiza]] (Lanzarote) * [[Cumbre Vieja]], hiji gunung seuneu di La Palma === Budaya === * [[Spanyol Kanaria]] * [[Masakan Kanaria]] * [[Militér Kapuloan Kanaria]] * [[Musik Kapuloan Kanaria]] == Catetan == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} <!-- RUJUKAN IEU DISUMPUTKEUN ALATAN MEUREUN TEU SADAYA RUJUKAN DI HANDAP MANGRUPAKEUN RUJUKAN TI ARTIKEL IEU, NU MASIH MANGRUPA TARATAS ==Rujukan== * Alfred Crosby, ''Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900'' (Cambridge University Press) ISBN 0-521-45690-8 * Felipe Fernández-Armesto, ''The Canary Islands after the Conquest: The Making of a Colonial Society in the Early-Sixteenth Century'', Oxford U. Press, 1982. ISBN 978-0-198-21888-3; ISBN 0-198-21888-5 * Sergio Hanquet, ''Diving in Canaries'', Litografía A. ROMERO, 2001. ISBN 84-932195-0-9 * Martin Wiemers: ''The butterflies of the Canary Islands. - A survey on their distribution, biology and ecology (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea)'' - Linneana Belgica 15 (1995): 63-84 & 87–118 [http://www.univie.ac.at/population-ecology/people/mw/wiemers_1995.pdf pdf] --> == Bacaan salajengna == *Borgesen, F. 1929. Marine algae from the Canary Islands. III Rhodophycéae. Part II. [[Cryptonemiales]], Gigartinales, and Rhodymeniales. ''Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Biologiske Meddelelser.'' '''8''': 1 – 97. *Paegelow, Claus: Bibliography Canary Islands, 2009, ISBN 978-300028676-6 == Tumbu kaluar == {{Wiktionary|Canary Islands}} {{Commons category}} *[http://www.gobcan.es/ Paamaréntah Kapuloan Kanaria] *{{wikivoyage|Canary Islands}} *[http://www.turismodecanarias.com/canary-islands-spain/index.html Loka Pariwisata Resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506185900/http://www.turismodecanarias.com/canary-islands-spain/index.html |date=2015-05-06 }} {{Administrative divisions of Spain}} {{EU Outermost regions}} {{Islands and provinces of the Canary Islands}} {{Geography of Africa}} {{Africa topic|Climate of}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kanaria Kapuloan}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Kanaria| ]] [[Kategori:Komunitas otonom Spanyol]] [[Kategori:Pulo di Macaronésia]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon luar Uni Éropa]] [[Kategori:Situs Perang Dunya II]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Kapuloan Kanaria}} 9klxut0v9kfmw9fejvkp4dt6v08bwp6 Républik Démokratik Arab Sahrawi 0 36428 729285 673020 2026-09-26T22:18:14Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = <span style="line-height:1.33em;">الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية<br />''{{Unicode|Al-Jumhūrīyya al-`Arabīyya aṣ-Ṣaḥrāwīyya ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyya}}''<br />República Árabe Saharaui Democrática |conventional_long_name = Républik Démokratik Arab Sahrawi | common_name = Républik Démokratik Arab Sahrawi | image_flag = Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg | image_map = Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = {{map caption|countryprefix=|location_color=paul kolot|region=[[Afrika]]|region_color=kulawu kolot|subregion=[[Uni Afrika]]|subregion_color=paul ngora|legend=Location Western Sahara AU Africa.svg}} | national_motto = حرية ديمقراطية وحدة | national_anthem = "[[Yā Banīy As-Saharā]]" | official_languages = [[Basa Arab]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071030220604/http://www.rasd-state.ws/p_estadosahraui.htm Artilce 3 of the SADR constitution]</ref> |languages_type = Spoken languages |languages = [[Hassānīya language|Hassānīya Arabic]], [[Berber languages]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]<ref>Cf. Pilar Candela Romero, [http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_06-07/pdf/paises_3.pdf «El español en los compamentos de refugiados saharauis (Tinduf, Argelia)»].</ref>. | demonym = [[Sahrawi]] | capital = [[El Aaiún]]<sup>1</sup><ref>Pasal 4 konstitusi Sahrawi.</ref> &nbsp;(diproklamasikeun, dina administrasi Maroko)<br />[[Bir Lehlou]] jeung [[kémah pangungsian Sahrawi]] (administratif) |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= | government_type = [[Nagara hiji partéy]]<ref>Pasal 32 konstitusi RDAS: ''The [[Polisario]] is the sole political formation allowed for Sahrawis to exercise politics until complete independence''{{cite web|last=SADR|title=Constitution of the SADR|url=http://www.rasd-state.ws/babtani.htm|accessdate=19 October 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111161544/http://www.rasd-state.ws/babtani.htm|archivedate=11 November 2007}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Présidén Républik Démokratik Arab Sahrawi|Présidén]] | leader_name1 = [[Brahim Ghali]] | leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Républik Démokratik Arab Sahrawi|Perdana Mentri]] | leader_name2 = [[Abdelkader Taleb Oumar]] | area_rank = ka-83 | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 266.000 | areami² = 102.703 | percent_water = tiasa teu dipadulikeun | population_estimate = 100.000 atawa 502,585<sup>3</sup> | population_estimate_year = Séptémber 2010 | population_estimate_rank = ka-182 | population_census = | population_census_year = | population_density = 1,9 | population_densitymi² = 4,9 | population_density_rank = ka-236 | currency = [[Dinar Aljazair]] <small>(de facto)</small><ref>{{cite web|title=Au coeur du Polisario|url=http://www.telquel-online.com/329/couverture_329.shtml|publisher=Telquel}}</ref><br /> [[Peseta Sahrawi]] <small>(komémoratif)</small> | GDP_PPP_year = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | HDI_year = | HDI = | HDI_rank = | HDI_category = <font color="#FFCC00">sedeng</font> | sovereignty_type = Dipaséakeun | sovereignty_note = jeung [[Maroko]] | established_event1 = [[Sahara Kulon]]<br/>{{nbsp|3}}{{nowrap|dileupaskeun ku [[Spanyol]]}} | established_date1 = <br/>14 Nopémber 1975 | established_event2 = Didéklarasikeun | established_date2 = 27 Pébruari 1976 | established_event3 = Éféktif | established_date3 = 80% téritori nu diklaim aya dina [[Status sah Sahara Kulon|Administrasi]] Maroko salaku "propinsi kidul" ''de facto''. | time_zone = [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | cctld = [[.eh]] kapesen. | footnotes = <sup>1</sup> Basis pamaréntahan RDAS aya di kémah pangungsian di [[Tindouf]], [[Aljazair]]. Pamaréntahan éta ngawasaan wewengkon wétaneun [[Témbok Maroko]] di Sahara Kulon nu dilandi "[[Zona Bébas (wewengkon)|Zona Bébas]]". Bir Lehlou aya di wewengkon éta.<br /><sup>2</sup> Sadaya téritori ([[Sahara Kulon]]) diklaim ku RDAS.<br /><sup>3</sup> 500.000 mangrupa pakiraan nu dibéré pikeun populasi Sahara Kulon dumasar panalungtikan pabandingan ti pamekaran populasi saprak 1975, basa sénsus pangahirna di Sahara Kulon. 100.000 mangrupa pakiraan jumlah urang nu midumukan kémah pangungsian di [[propinsi Tindouf]], [[Aljazair]] markasna RDAS. }} <!--{{Sahara conflict}}--> '''Républik Démokratik Arab Sahrawi''' ('''RDAS''') ({{lang-ar|'''الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية'''}}) nyaéta hiji [[Daptar nagara nu teu diakuan|nagara nu sabagiannana diakuan]] nu ngaklaim kadaulatan kana sadaya wewengkon [[Sahara Kulon]], hiji urut jajahan [[Spanyol]]. RDAS ieu diproklamasikeun ku [[Front Polisario]] dina 27 Pébruari 1976, di [[Bir Lehlu]], Sahara Kulon. Pamaréntahan RDAS ngawasaan kira-kira 20-25% ti [[wewengkon]] nu diklaimna.<ref>[http://suevia2008.googlepages.com/CUADROZONASDIVISINDELSHARAOCCIDENTAL.pdf Cuadro de zonas de división del Sáhara Occidental] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407173125/http://suevia2008.googlepages.com/CUADROZONASDIVISINDELSHARAOCCIDENTAL.pdf |date=2020-04-07 }} {{es icon}}</ref> Otoritas éta nyebut téritori nu dikawasaannana "Wewengkon Merdika" atawa "[[Zona Bébas (région Sahara Kulon)|Zona Bébas]]. [[Maroko]] ngawasaan sésana jeung nyebutanna [[Propinsi Kidul]]. == Peré Nasional == [[File:Mezquita en Dajla (Sahara Occidental).jpg|thumb|right|175px|Hiji [[mesjid]] di [[Dakhla, Sahara Kulon|Dakhla]]]] [[Image:Veronica Forque en el Sáhara libre.jpg|thumb|Aktris Spanyol [[Verónica Forqué]] di [[Féstival Pilem Sahara]]]] {| class="wikitable" !width="80px"| Kaping !!width="200px"| Ngaran ! Kajadian / Catetan |- | 27 Pébruari || [[Poé Kamerdikaan]] | {{smaller|Proklamasi RDAS di [[Bir Lehlou]], 1976}} |- | 10 Méi || Pawangunan [[Front Polisario]] | {{smaller|Ngadeg 1973}} |- | 20 Méi || Révolusi 20 Méi | {{smaller|Mimitina palawanan senjataan ka Spanyol dina 1973}} |- | 5 Juni || Poé [[Kaleungitan paksaan|Leungit]] | {{smaller|Miélingan leungitna urang [[Sahrawi]]}} |- | 9 Juni || Poé [[Syuhada]] | {{smaller|Kaping di mana [[El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed|El-Ouali]] pupus dina 1976}} |- | 17 Juni || [[Zemla Intifada]] | {{smaller|Karusuhan [[Harakat Tahrir]] di [[El-Aaiun]], 1970}} |- | 12 Oktober || Poé [[Kahijian Nasional]] | {{smaller|Ngarayakeun Konferénsi [[Ain Ben Tili]], 1975}} |} === Kaping Islam === Kaping dumasar kana [[kalénder Hijriah]]. {| class="wikitable" !width="120px"| Kaping !!width="80px"| Ngaran |- | 10 Dzulhijjah || [[Idul Adha]] |- | 1 Syawal || [[Idul Fitri]] |} ==Tempo ogé== *[[Témbok Maroko]] *[[Daptar kota di Sahara Kulon]] *[[Pamilu di Sahara Kulon]] *[[Pulitik Sahara Kulon]] *[[Front Polisario]] *[[Status sah Sahara Kulon]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == ; Kaca resmi RDAS *{{ar icon}}{{es}} [http://www.polisario.es/ Kaca resmi Délégasi Sahrawi di Spanyol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520045150/http://www.polisario.es/ |date=2019-05-20 }} * {{ar icon}}{{en}}{{fr}}{{es}} [http://www.spsrasd.info/ Sahara Press Service (SPS)] * {{ar icon}}{{es}} [http://www.rasd-tv.com RASD TV] &nbsp;{{smaller|(saluran TV resmi)}} * {{ar icon}}{{es}} [http://web.jet.es/rasd/radionacional.htm Radio Nasional RDAS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327062458/http://web.jet.es/rasd/radionacional.htm |date=2015-03-27 }} &nbsp;{{smaller|(saluran radio resmi)}} {{SADR topics}} {{African Union}} {{Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arab Sahrawi Republik Demokratik}} [[Kategori:Républik Démokratik Arab Sahrawi| ]] [[Kategori:Anggota Uni Afrika]] [[Kategori:Pamaréntahan di pangasingan]] [[Kategori:Urut jajahan Spanyol]] [[Kategori:Pamisahan di Maroko]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1976]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu dipaséakeun di Afrika]] [[Kategori:Républik Arab]] [[Kategori:Front Polisario]] [[Kategori:Nagara hiji partéy]] [[Kategori:Nagara sosialis]] [[Kategori:Papaséaan wewengkon Maroko]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Afrika}} 8k57a9a6mz7jh6hsrdmrrlwwmlowb9c Kolombia 0 36500 729205 712000 2026-09-26T15:08:40Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729205 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Pikeun kagunaan jeung éjahan lian, tingali [[Colombia (disambiguasi)]] jeung [[Columbia (disambiguasi)]]'' {{Infobox country | native_name = República de Colombia | conventional_long_name = Républik Kolombia | common_name = Kolombia | image_flag = Flag of Colombia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Colombia.svg‎ | image_map = COL orthographic (San Andrés and Providencia special).svg | national_motto = ''"Libertad y Orden"'' | national_anthem = ''[[Lagu Kabangsaan Kolombia|¡Oh, Gloria Inmarcesible!]]'' | capital = [[Bogotá]] | latd = 4|latm=39|latNS=N|longd=74|longm=3|longEW=W | largest_city = [[Bogotá]] | official_languages = [[Basa Spanyol]]{{Smallsup|1}} ([[Basa Inggris]] resmi di San Andrés jeung kapuloan Providence) | regional_languages = 72 basa jeung dialék grup étnis ogé resmi di wewengkonna.<ref name="constitution">[http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Colombia/col91.html Constitution of Colombia, 1991] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024095709/http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Colombia/col91.html |date=2006-10-24 }} (Pasal 10) {{es icon}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = 58% [[Mestizo]] <br />20% [[Kolombia Kulit Bodas|Bodas]]<br />14% [[Mulatto]]<br />4% [[Afro-Kolombia]]<br />3% [[Zambo]]<br />1% [[Urang pribumi Kolombia|Amerindian]]<ref name="CIAWFB">{{cite web|author=CIA world fact book|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/co.html|title=Colombia|work=CIA|date=14 May 2009|accessdate=24 May 2009}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513074502/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/co.html |date=13 May 2009 }}</ref> | demonym = Colombian | government_type = [[Républik]] [[nagara kahijian|kahijian]] [[sistim présidénsial|présidénsial]] | leader_title1 = [[Présidén Kolombia|Présidén]] | leader_name1 = [[Abelardo de la Espriella]] | leader_title2 = [[Wakil Présidén Kolombia|Wakil Présidén]] | leader_name2 = [[José Manuel Restrepo]] | sovereignty_type = [[Kamerdikaan]] | sovereignty_note = ti [[Spanyol]] | established_event1 = [[Déklarasi Kamerdikaan Kolombia|Didéklarasikeun]] | established_date1 = 20 Juli 1810 | established_event2 = Diakuan | established_date2 = 7 Agustus 1819 | established_event3 = [[Konstitusi Kolombia|Konstitusi nu ayeuna]] | established_date3 = 1991 | area_rank = ka-26 | area_magnitude = 1 E12 | area = 1.141.748 | areami² = 440.831 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 8,8 (ka-17) | population_estimate = 45.925.397<ref name="DANE clock">{{cite web |url=http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php |title=Animated clock |publisher=Colombian State Department |accessdate=22 August 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114091321/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php |date=14 January 2012 }}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = ka-27 | population_estimate_year = Agustus 2012 | population_census = 46'406.352<ref name="DANE clock" /><!-- tiasa divérifikasi teu ieu? teu ngarti urang 46 koma atas 406.532 ? --> | population_census_year = 2005 | population_density = 40,74 | population_densitymi² = 15,72<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = ka-172 | GDP_PPP = $435,367&nbsp;milyar<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=100&pr.y=7&sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=233&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=Colombia|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=21 April 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514051916/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=100&pr.y=7&sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=233&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |date=14 May 2011 }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = ka-28 | GDP_PPP_year = 2010 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9.566<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ka-83 | GDP_nominal = $330,000&nbsp;milyar<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_rank = ka-35 | GDP_nominal_year = 2010 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7.100<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 58,5<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |date=9 February 2015 }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2006 | Gini_category = luhur | HDI = 0,710 {{increase}}<ref>http://hdr.undp.org/es/datos/mapa/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103152602/http://hdr.undp.org/es/datos/mapa/ |date=2012-11-03 }}</ref> | HDI_rank = ka-87 | HDI_year = 2010 | HDI_category = luhur | HPI = 67,2 | HPI_rank = ka-2 | HPI_year = 2006 | HPI_category = sedeng | currency = [[Peso Kolombia|Peso]] | currency_code = COP | country_code = CO | time_zone = | utc_offset = -5{{Smallsup|2}} | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = katuhu | date_format = kk-bb-tttt ([[Common Era|CE]]) | cctld = [[.co]] | calling_code = [[+57|57]] | footnote1 = Sanajan Konstitusi Kolombia nangtukeun Basa Spanyol salaku basa resmi di sadaya téritorina, basa-basa pribumi (kira-kira 88 dialék) resmi ogé di sanagara. | footnote2 = Wanci Kolombia resmi, ([http://horalegal.sic.gov.co/ horalegal.sic.gov.co]) diatur jeung dikoordinasikeun ku lembaga nagara ''[[Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidencia.gov.co/prensa_new/decretoslinea/1992/diciembre/30/dec2153301992.pdf|title=Decreto 2153 de 1992, articulo 20|publisher=Presidencia de la República de Colombia|language=Spanish|accessdate=13 October 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514195007/http://www.presidencia.gov.co/prensa_new/decretoslinea/1992/diciembre/30/dec2153301992.pdf|archivedate=14 May 2011}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221195247/http://www.presidencia.gov.co/prensa_new/decretoslinea/1992/diciembre/30/dec2153301992.pdf |date=21 February 2011 }}</ref> }} '''Kolombia''', resmina '''Républik Kolombia''' ({{lang-es|link=no|República de Colombia}}), nyaéta hiji unitary [[républik konstitusional]] kahijian ngawengku 32 [[departemén (babagian nagara)|departemén]]. Nagara ieu aya di [[Amérika Kidul]] beulah kalér-kulon, wawatesan jeung [[Venezuela]]<ref name="lablaa">{{cite web|author=Gerhar Sandner, Beate Ratter, Wolf Dietrich Sahr and Karsten Horsx|url=http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/geografia/ctemc/ctemc03.htm|title=Conflictos Territoriales en el Mar Caribe: El conflicto fronterizo en el Golfo de Venezuela|work=Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango|year=1993|accessdate=5 January 2008|language=Spanish}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301042348/http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/geografia/ctemc/ctemc03.htm |date=1 March 2010 }}</ref> sareng [[Brasil]] di wétan;<ref name="IBS">{{cite web|author=The Geographer Office of the Geographer Bureau of Intelligence and Research|url=http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS174.pdf|title=Brazil-Colombia boundary|work=International Boundary Study|date=15 April 1985|accessdate=5 January 2008|format=PDF}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916034142/http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS174.pdf |date=16 September 2006 }}</ref> [[Ékuador]] sareng [[Peru]] di kidul;<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|author=CIA|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html|title=Ecuador|work=World Fact Book|date=13 December 2007|accessdate=5 January 2008}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612194511/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html |date=12 June 2007 }}</ref> [[Laut Karibia]] di kalér; [[Panama]] di kalér-kulon; sarta [[Samudra Pasifik]] di kulon. Kolombia miboga [[wates maritim]] jeung [[Venezuela]], [[Jamaika]], [[Haiti]], [[Républik Dominika]], [[Honduras]], [[Nikaragua]], sarta [[Kosta Rika]].<ref name="jsicat">{{es icon}} [http://www.armada.mil.co/index.php?idcategoria=17895 Tratados Internacionales limítrofes de Colombia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002451/http://www.armada.mil.co/index.php?idcategoria=17895 |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref><ref>{{es icon}} [http://pwp.supercabletv.net.co/garcru/colombia/Colombia/mapaAstronomica.html#seccion1 Colombia – Limites territoriales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707053318/http://pwp.supercabletv.net.co/garcru/colombia/Colombia/mapaAstronomica.html#seccion1 |date=2011-07-07 }}</ref> ==Tempo ogé== *[[CIVETS]] *[[Daptar inohong Kolombia]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan salajengna == {{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * (English) Mellander, Gustavo A.; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Yéars. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. ISBN 1-56328-155-4. OCLC 42970390. * (English) Mellander, Gustavo A. (1971). The United States in Panamanian Politics: The Intriguing Formative Yéars. Danville, Ill.: Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568. * {{es icon}} Academia Colombiana de Historia (1986), ''Historia extensa de Colombia'' (41 volumes). Bogotá: Ediciones Lerner, 1965–1986. ISBN 958-95013-3-8 (Complete work) * {{es icon}} Barrios, Luis (1984), ''Historia de Colombia''. Fifth edition, Bogotá: Editorial Cultural * {{es icon}} Bedoya F., Víctor A. (1944), ''Historia de Colombia: independencia y república con bases fundamentales en la colonia''. Colección La Salle, Bogotá: Librería Stella * Bushnell, David (1993), ''The Making of Modern Colombia: A Nation in Spite of Itself''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08289-3 * {{es icon}} Caballero Argaez, Carlos (1987), ''50 años de economía: de la crisis del treinta à la del ochenta''. Second edition, Colección Jorge Ortega Torres, Bogotá: Editorial Presencia, Asociación Bancaria de Colombia. ISBN 958-9040-03-9 * {{es icon}} Cadavid Misas, Roberto (2004), ''Cursillo de historia de Colombia: de la conquista à la independencia''. Bogotá: Intermedio Editores. ISBN 958-709-134-5 * {{es icon}} Calderón Schrader, Camilo; Gil, Antonio; Torras, Daniel (2001), ''Enciclopedia de Colombia'' (4 volumes). Barcelona: Céano Grupo Editorial, 2001. ISBN 84-494-1947-6 (Complete work) * {{es icon}} Calderón Schrader, Camilo (1993), ''Gran enciclopedia de Colombia'' (11 volumes). Bogotá: Círculo de Lectores. ISBN 958-28-0294-4 (Complete work) * {{es icon}} Cavelier Gaviria, Germán (2003), ''Centenario de Panamá: una historia de la separación de Colombia en 1903''. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia. ISBN 958-616-718-6 * {{es icon}} Forero, Manuel José (1946), ''Historia analítica de Colombia desde los orígenes de la independencia nacional''. Second edition, Bogotá: Librería Voluntad. * {{es icon}} Gómez Hoyos, Rafael (1992), ''La independencia de Colombia''. Madrid: Editorial Mapfre, Colecciones Mapfre 1492. ISBN 84-7100-596-4 * {{es icon}} Granados, Rafael María (1978), ''Historia general de Colombia: prehistoria, conquista, colonia, independencia y Repúbica''. Eighth edition, Bogotá: Imprenta Departamental Antonio Nariño. * {{es icon}} Hernández de Alba, Guillermo (2004), ''Como nació la República de Colombia''. Colección Bolsilibros. Bogotá: Academia Colombiana de Historia. ISBN 958-8040-35-3 * {{es icon}} Hernández Becerra, Augusto (2001), ''Ordenamiento y desarreglo territorial en Colombia''. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, ISBN 958-616-555-8 * {{es icon}} Hernández Rodríguez, Guillermo (1949), ''De los chibchas à la colonia y à la república''. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sección de Extensión Cultural. * Hylton, Forrest (2006), ''Evil Hour in Colombia''. New York: Verso Books. ISBN 1-84467-551-3 * {{es icon}} Jaramillo Uribe, Jaime; Tirado Mejía, Álvaro; Calderón Schrader, Camilo (2000), ''Nueva historia de Colombia'' (12 volumes). Bogotá: Planeta Colombiana Editorial. ISBN 958-614-251-5 (Complete work) * Kirk, Robin (2004), ''More Terrible Than Death: Drugs, Violence, and America's War in Colombia''. United States: PublicAffairs. ISBN 1-58648-207-6 * {{es icon}} Ocampo López, Javier (1999), ''El proceso ideológico de la emancipación en Colombia''. Colección La Línéa de Horizonte, Bogotá: Editorial Planeta. ISBN 958-614-792-4 * Ospina, William (2006), ''Once Upon a Time There Was Colombia''. Colombia: Villegas Asociados. ISBN 958-8156-64-5 * Palacios, Marco (2006), ''Between Legitimacy and Violence: A History of Colombia, 1875–2002''. United States of America: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3767-3 * {{es icon}} Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo (1998), ''Colombia indígena''. Medellín: Hola Colina. ISBN 958-638-276-1 * {{es icon}} Restrepo, José Manuel (1974), ''Historia de la revolución de la República de Colombia''. Medellín: Editorial Bedout. * {{es icon}} Rivadeneira Vargas, Antonio José (2002), ''Historia constitucional de Colombia 1510–2000''. Third edition, Tunja: Editorial Bolivariana Internacional. * Simons, Géoff (2004), ''Colombia: A Brutal History''. London: [[Saqi Books]]. ISBN 0-86356-758-4 * Smith, Stephen (1999), ''Cocaine Train: Travels in Colombia''. London: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-64749-7 * {{es icon}} Tovar Pinzón, Hermes (1975), ''El movimiento campesino en Colombia durante los siglos XIX y XX''. Second edition, Bogotá: Ediciones Libres. * {{es icon}} Trujillo Muñoz Augusto (2001), ''Descentralización, regionalización y autonomía local''. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. * {{es icon}} Vidal Perdomo Jaime (2001), ''La Región en la Organización Territorial del Estado''. Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario. {{refend}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Sisterlinks}} {{osmrelation|120027}} * [http://www.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co/ Portal del Estado] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828033916/http://www.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co/ |date=2008-08-28 }} – Loka Pamaréntah Kolombia {{es icon}} * [http://www.igac.gov.co/ Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417024030/http://geoportal.igac.gov.co/ssigl2.0/ |date=2017-04-17 }} {{es icon}} * {{wikivoyage|Colombia}} * [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Colombia Colombia] di ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' * {{CIA World Factbook link|co|Colombia}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/colombia.htm Colombia] di ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/South_America/Colombia|Kolombia}} {{Navboxes | title = Géografi lokal | list = {{Departments of Colombia}} {{Countries of South America}} }} {{Navboxes | title = Kaanggotaan internasional | list = {{Latin Union}} {{Union of South American Nations (Unasur\Unasul)}} {{Andean Community of Nations}} {{Mercosur\Mercosul (Southern Common Market)}} }} {{Colombia topics}} {{Symbols of Colombia}} [[Kategori:Kolombia| ]] [[Kategori:Komunitas Nagara Andés]] [[Kategori:Nagara Karibia]] [[Kategori:Républik konstitusional]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu wawatesan jeung Samudra Pasifik]] [[Kategori:Urut jajahan Spanyol]] [[Kategori:Républik]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Amérika Kidul]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu maké basa Spanyol]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1810]] [[Kategori:Anggota Uni Nagara Amérika Kidul]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Kolombia}} lg085pyswoxntqjbe72xbq3t7smms49 Kapuloan Falkland 0 36536 729147 708900 2026-09-26T12:54:14Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 7 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729147 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Falklands jeung Malvinas ngarah ka dieu. Pikeun kagunaan lian, tingali [[Falkland (disambiguasi)]] jeung [[Malvinas (disambiguasi)]]'' <!--Do not edit this article to include or remove any Spanish names without first discussing it on Talk. Any substantial changes without consensus on Talk may result in an immediate block from editing.--> {{Infobox country |native_name = Falkland Islands |conventional_long_name = Kapuloan Falkland |common_name = Kapuloan Falkland |demonym = Falkland Islander |image_flag = Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg |image_coat = Coa Falkland.svg |symbol = Coat of arms of the Falkland Islands |image_map = LocationFalklandIslands.png |national_motto = ''"Desire the right"'' |national_anthem = "[[God Save the Queen]]" (resmi)<br />"[[Song of the Falklands]]"{{Ref label|anthem-note|a|}} |official_languages = [[Basa Inggris]] |capital = [[Stanley, Kapuloan Falkland|Stanley]] |latd=51 |latm=42 |latNS=S |longd=57 |longm=51 |longEW=W |largest_city = [[Stanley, Kapuloan Falkland|Stanley]] |ethnic_groups = 61,3% [[Urang Kapuloan Falkland|Falkland]]{{Ref label|islander-note|b|}}<br /> 29,0% Britania<br /> 2,6% [[Urang Spanyol|Spanyol]] <br /> 0,6% Jepang <br /> 6,5% [[Chili]] & nu lian<ref>{{cite web |author=Joshua Project |url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=FK |title=Ethnic People Groups of Falkland Islands |publisher=Joshua Project |date= |accessdate=28 February 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225075020/https://joshuaproject.net/countries/FK |date=25 December 2018 }}</ref> |government_type = [[Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania]] ([[monarki konstitusional]] jeung [[wewengkon depéndensi|depéndensi]] [[démokrasi répréséntatif|démokratik]] [[sistim parleméntér|parleméntér]]) |leader_title1 = [[Raja/Ratu Britania Raya|Ratu]] |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |leader_title2 = [[Gubernur Kapuloan Falkland|Gubernur]] |leader_name2 = [[Nigel Haywood]]<ref name=HaywoodGovernor>{{cite web |url=http://en.mercopress.com/2009/09/01/british-consul-in-basra-next-falkland-islands-governor |title=British consul in Basra next Falkland Islands governor |publisher=MercoPress |date=1 September 2009 |author=Lisa Watson |accessdate=18 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819145607/http://en.mercopress.com/2009/09/01/british-consul-in-basra-next-falkland-islands-governor |archivedate=19 August 2017 }}</ref> |leader_title3 = [[Pupuhu Eksekutif Kapuloan Falkland|Pupuhu Eksekutif]] |leader_name3 = [[Keith Padgett]]<ref>{{cite press release |title=Falkland Islands Government appoints new Chief Executive |publisher=Falkland Islands Government |date=30 August 2007 |url=http://www.falklands.gov.fk/news-2007.php |accessdate=29 October 2007 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107135513/http://www.falklands.gov.fk/news-2007.php |date=7 November 2007 }}</ref> |area_rank = ka-162 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area = 12.173 |areami² = 4.700 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 0 |population_estimate = 3.140<ref name=cia>{{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fk.html |title = Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |publisher = CIA |accessdate = 5 March 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100129145002/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fk.html |archivedate = 29 January 2010 }}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = ka-220 |population_estimate_year = Juli 2008 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density = 0,26 |population_densitymi² = 0,65 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = ka-240 |GDP_PPP = $75&nbsp;yuta |GDP_PPP_rank = ka-223 |GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $25.000 (pakr. 2002) |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ''teu karéngking'' |sovereignty_type = [[Sajarah Kapuloan Falkland|Ngadeg]] |established_event1 = [[Pangadegan Ulang Kakawasaan Britania di Kapuloan Falkland|Kakawasaan Britnia ngadeg deui]] |established_date1 = 5 Januari 1833 |established_event2 = [[Invasi Kapuloan Falkland 1982|Invasi Argéntina]] |established_date2 = 2 April 1982 |established_event3 = [[Sumerahna Argéntina dina Perang Falkland|Pambébasan]] |established_date3 = 14 Juni 1982 |established_event4 = [[Konstitusi Kapuloan Falkland|Konstitusi nu ayeuna]] |established_date4 = 1 Januari 2009 |HDI = t/s |HDI_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_category = |currency = [[Pound Kapuloan Falkland]]{{Ref label|currency-note|c|}} |currency_code = FKP |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = -4 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = -3 |cctld = [[.fk]] |calling_code = 500 |drives_on = kénca |footnotes = a. {{note|anthem-note}} "[[Song of the Falklands]]" dipaké salaku lagu kabangsaan di pasanggiri-pasanggiri olah raga.<br /> b. {{note|islander-note}} Kalobaannana katurunan/asli Britania.<br /> c. {{note|currency-note}} Diatur/Disaluyukeun jeung [[Pound sterling|Pound sterling (GBP)]]. }} <!-- KE HEULA! Kalimah kahiji ditulis dumasar kana konsénsus antara raloba éditor Wikipédia di Wikipédia Basa Inggris ti diskusi nu panjang jeung sesah (tempo kaca sawalana [[:en:Falkland Islands]]). Upami miboga argumén/alesan anyar ngeunaannana, omongkeun heula di ditu. --> '''Kapuloan Falkland''' ({{lang-es|Islas Malvinas}}) nyaéta hiji [[kapuloan]] di [[Samudra Atlantik Kidul]], aya kira-kira {{convert|250|nmi|mi km|lk=on}} ti basisir daratan utama [[Amérika Kidul]]. Kapuloan ieu diwangun ti [[Falkland Wétan]], [[Falkland Kulon]] jeung 776 pulo alit. Ibu kotana, [[Stanley, Kapuloan Falkland|Stanley]], aya di Falkland Wétan. == Papaséaan kadaulatan == {{utama|Papaséaan kadaulatan Kapuloan Falkland}} Sanajan [[Komite Dékolonisasi Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] ngasupkeun Kapuloan Falkland dina [[Daptar Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa ngeunaan Téritori Tanpa Pamaréntahan Sorangan]],<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/gaspd422.doc.htm |title = Remaining 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories on United Nations List Are "16 Too Many", Fourth Committee Told, As It Takes Up Cluster of Decolonization Issues |date = 5 October 2009 |publisher = Department of Public Information, United Nations |accessdate = 17 May 2011 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110604121731/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/gaspd422.doc.htm |archivedate = 4 June 2011 }}</ref> geus ditegeskeun yén Kapuloan Falkland mangrupa salah sahiji ti 16 téritori nu miboga populasi nu kaliwat saeutik, "pikeun jadi nagara nu bisa tetep aya, merdika pinuh."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/United-Nations/Independence-of-Colonial-Peoples-PROGRESS-OF-DECOLONIZATION.html |title = Independence of Colonial Peoples – Progress of decolonization |publisher = Encyclopedia of the Nations |accessdate = 17 May 2011 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110610040759/http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/United-Nations/Independence-of-Colonial-Peoples-PROGRESS-OF-DECOLONIZATION.html |archivedate = 10 June 2011 }}</ref> Pamaréntah boh Britania Raya boh Argéntina duanana ngaklaim tanggung jawab pikeun kapuloan ieu. Klaim Britania Raya dumasar kana administrasi nu teterusanna kana pulo ieu saprak 1833 (teu mipadulikeun panjajahan militér Argéntina dina 1982) jeung hak para warga kapuloan ieu "hak pikeun nangtukeun awak sorangan, kaasup hak tetep Britania lamun éta nu dipikahayangkeun ku maranéhna".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/south-america/falkland-islands/ |title = Falkland Islands (British Overseas Territory) |publisher = United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office |work = Travel & living abroad |accessdate = 17 May 2011 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100309021010/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/south-america/falkland-islands/ |archivedate = 9 March 2010 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524190529/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/south-america/falkland-islands/ |date=24 May 2011 }}</ref> Argéntina ngaklaim yén nagara éta miboga kapuloan éta ti Spanyol basa Argéntina merdika dina 1811 jeung yén Britania Raya ngaleuwihan otoritasna ku cara nundung para padumuk Argéntina dina 1833.<ref name=AR_FA>{{cite web |url=http://www.cancilleria.gov.ar/portal/seree/malvinas/homeing.html |title=Islas Malvinas, Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur |publisher=Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores [Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs] |accessdate=6 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531174231/http://www.cancilleria.gov.ar/portal/seree/malvinas/homeing.html |archivedate=31 May 2011 }}</ref> Padumuk kapuloan ieu teu narima klaim kadaulatan Argéntina.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/7287195/Falkland-Islands-Argentina-cant-scare-us-say-islanders.html |title=Falkland Islands: Argentina can't scare us, say islanders |last=Leonard |first=Tom |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |date=22 February 2010 |accessdate=23 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105130306/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/7287195/Falkland-Islands-Argentina-cant-scare-us-say-islanders.html |archive-date=5 January 2012 }}</ref> == Tempo ogé == *[[Argéntina]] *[[Britania Raya]] *[[Papaséaan kadaulatan Georgia Kidul jeung Kapuloan Sandwich Kidul]] == Rujukan == === Catetan suku === {{Reflist}} <!-- === Bibliography === {{cite book|author=Julius Goebel|title=The struggle for the Falkland Islands: a study in legal and diplomatic history|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=V_lNAAAAMβAJ|accessdate=17 March 2011|date=August 1971|publisher=Kennikat Press|isbn=9780804613903|ref=Goebel}} {{cite book|author=Laurio Hedelvio Destéfani|title=The Malvinas, the South Georgias, and the South Sandwich Islands, the conflict with Britain|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sGAJSfxqd7oC|accessdate=17 March 2011|year=1982|publisher=Edipress|isbn=9789500169042|ref=Destefani}} {{cite book|author=David Tatham|title=The Dictionary of Falklands Biography (Including South Georgia): From Discovery Up to 1981|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0D0VNAAACAAJ|accessdate=17 March 2011|date=1 June 2008|publisher=D. Tatham|isbn=9780955898501|ref=Tatham}} --> === Bacaan salajengna === * L.L. Ivanov et al. [[wikisource:The Future of the Falkland Islands and Its People|''The Future of the Falkland Islands and Its People''.]] Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2003. Printed in Bulgaria by Double T Publishers. 96 pp.&nbsp;ISBN 954-91503-1-3 * Carlos Escudé and Andrés Cisneros, eds. [http://www.cema.edu.ar/ceieg/arg-rree/historia_indice00.htm ''Historia de las Relaciones Exteriores Argentinas''.] Work developed and published under the auspices of the Argentine Council for International Relations (CARI). Buenos Aires: GEL/Nuevohacer, 2000. (in Spanish) ISBN 950-694-546-2 * Graham Pascoe and Peter Pepper [http://www.falklandshistory.org/gettingitright.pdf Getting it right: the real history of the Falklands/Malvinas.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216085223/http://falklandshistory.org/gettingitright.pdf |date=2012-02-16 }} May 2008. * [http://www.samueljohnson.com/falklands.html Thoughts on the Late Transactions Respecting Falkland's Islands by Samuel Johnson 1771] * Greig, D.W. [http://www.austlii.com/au/journals/AUYrBkIntLaw//1978/2.pdf Sovereignty and the Falkland Islands Crisis.] ''Austrialian Year Book of International Law''. Vol. 8 (1983). pp.&nbsp;20–70. ISSN: 0084-7658 * César Caviedes. [http://lasa-2.univ.pitt.edu/LARR/prot/search/retrieve/?Vol=29&Num=2&Start=172 Conflict Over The Falkland Islands: A Never-Ending Story?] ''Latin American Research Review''. Vol. 29 (1994) No. 2. pp.&nbsp;172–187. === Tumbu kaluar === {{Sisterlinks}} *{{Wikiatlas|Falkland Islands}} *{{wikivoyage|Falkland Islands}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|fk|Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)}} * {{dmoz|Regional/South_America/Falkland_Islands/|Kapuloan Falkland}} * [http://www.falklands.gov.fk/ Pamaréntah Kapuloan Falkland] loka resmi * [http://www.visitorfalklands.com/ visitorfalklands.com]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.falklands.info/ Portal Informasi Kapuloan Falkland] {{-}} {{Falkland Islands topics|state=uncollapsed}} {{Template group |title = [[Gambar:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Géografi lokal |list = {{British dependencies}} {{Countries of South America}} {{Peri-Antarctic countries and overseas territories}} }} {{Template group |title = Papaséaan wewengkon |list = {{Territorial disputes involving the United Kingdom}} {{Territorial disputes involving Argentina}} }} {{English official language clickable map}} {{coord|51|41|S|59|10|W|scale:2500000_source:GNS|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Falkland Kapuloan}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Falkland| ]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu dipaséakeun]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Papaséaan ngaran géografis]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1833]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Kapuloan Falkland}} <!--Interwikis--> nu6r7fixl0xwdphk93yqy0slxr7dsmt Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania 0 36548 729330 710640 2026-09-27T01:24:12Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |name = Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania |image_flag = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |image_map = British Overseas Territories.svg |map_caption = Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania (beureum), Britania Raya (héjo), jeung Depéndensi Makuta (paul) }} '''Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania''' nyaéta 14 téritori [[Britania Raya]] nu aya dina yurisdiksi Britania Raya, sanajan teu mangrupa bagian tina.<ref name=fco>[http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/what-we-do/overseas-territories The 14 Territories]</ref> Téritori-téritori éta mangrupa sésa ti [[Kakaisaran Britania]] nu tacan miboga kamerdikaan atawa geus nangtukeun tetep jadi téritori Britania. Ngaran "Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania" ({{lang-en|British Overseas Territory}} jamak ''British Overseas Territories'') dipikawanohkeun ku [[Undang-Undang Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania 2002]], jeung ngaganti ngaran '''Téritori Depénden Britania''', nu dipikawanohkeun ku [[Undang-Undang Kabangsaan Britania 1981]]. Saméméh 1981, téritori-téritori ieu kawanoh salaku [[jajahan Makuta]]. Iwal [[Téritori Antartika Britania]], nu eusina ngan stasion panalungtikan, sarta [[Akrotiri jeung Dhékélia]] jeung [[Téritori Samudra Hindia Britania]], nu mangrupa basis militér, téritori peuntas laut miboga populasi permanén. Total aréa daratanna kira-kira {{convert|667018|sqmi|km2}} (nu mana kalobaannana, 660.000 mil pasagi, nyaéta Téritori Antartika Britania Raya) jeung total populasi kira-kira 260.000 jiwa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091001004119/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faqs.org/docs/factbook/print/sx.html |title=CIA&nbsp;— The World Factbook 2002 - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands |publisher=Faqs.org |date= |accessdate=2010-12-08}}</ref> Téritori Antartika Britania mangrupa bagian ti pasatujuan pangakuan sasarengan jeung 4 nagar daulat liann kalawan téritori Antartikana. [[Jersey]], [[Guernsey]], jeung [[Pulo Man]], sanajan aya ogé dina kadaulatan Makuta Britania, miboga hiji hubungan konstitusional nu béda jeung Britania Raya, sarta dikategorikeun salaku [[Depéndensi Makuta]].<ref>[http://www.gov.je/ChiefMinister/International+Relations/Profile+of+Jersey.htm ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902092534/http://www.gov.je/ChiefMinister/International+Relations/Profile+of+Jersey.htm |date=2006-09-02 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.gg/ccm/navigation/about-guernsey/ |title=States of Guernsey: About Guernsey |publisher=Gov.gg |date= |accessdate=2010-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.im/government/ |title=Government&nbsp;— Isle of Man Public Services |publisher=Gov.im |date= |accessdate=2010-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218103416/http://gov.im/Government/ |archivedate=2010-12-18}}</ref> == Bacaan salajengna == * Harry Ritchie, ''The Last Pink Bits: Travels Through the Remnants of the British Empire'' (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1997) * [[Simon Winchester]], ''[[Outposts: Journeys to the Surviving Relics of the British Empire]]'' (London & New York, 1985) * Géorge Drower, ''Britain's Dependent Territories'' (Dartmouth, 1992) * Géorge Drower, ''Overseas Territories Handbook'' (London: TSO, 1998) * [[Ben Fogle]], ''The Teatime Islands: Adventures in Britain's Faraway Outposts'' (London: Michael Joseph, 2003) * Joseph Boromé, 'How Crown Colony Government Came to Dominica by 1898', in ''Aspects of Dominican History'' (Roséau, Dominica, 1972), 120-50 * Bonham C. Richardson, ''The Caribbean in the Wider World, 1492-1992''<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kesL--n3YN4C&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Crown+colony+Dominica&source=web&ots=8vMkOYuHYd&sig=lg8iwt3r9z6Y9UiPBKkwLqT6SOQ&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result |title=see |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2010-12-08}}</ref> == Tempo ogé == * [[Jajahan nu maréntah sorangan]] * [[Dominion]] * [[Kakawasaan Pasamakmuran]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Commons category|British overseas territories}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020805032057/http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1013618138295 Foreign and Commonwealth Office- "UK Overseas Territories"] ** [http://ukoverseasterritories.readandcomment.com/ UK Overseas Territories Consultation], Foreign and Commonwéalth Office (FCO) * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20060214000302/http://www.direct.gov.uk/Gtgl1/GuideToGovernment/InternationalBodies/InternationalBodiesArticles/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4003092&chk=JXlogH The Commonwealth] - loka pamaréntah BR {{United Kingdom topics}} {{British dependencies}} {{EU Dependencies}} {{English official language clickable map}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Teritori Peuntas Laut Britania}} [[Kategori:Téritori Peuntas Laut Britania| ]] [[Kategori:Hubungan luar nagri Britania Rya]] [[Kategori:Kolonialisme]] [[Kategori:Téritori depénden]] [[Kategori:Panjajahan Britania di Amérika]] {{geo-stub}} {{pulitik-stub}} ee1e7t86buxr29izx2ay5x07axnqhs0 Maén bal 0 36612 729223 710593 2026-09-26T17:38:08Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 22 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|Soccer}} {{Infobox sport | image = Football in Bloomington, Indiana, 1996.jpg | imagesize = 300px | caption = Panarajang <small>(No. 10)</small> rék najong bal ngaliwatan kiper musuh sangkan asup ka gawang jeung nyitak skor. | union = [[FIFA]] | nickname = Méngbal, sépak bola, bola, ''football, soccer, footy/footie, "the beautiful game", "the world game"'' | first = Britania panengah abad ka-19 | country/region = Sakuliah dunya | registered = | clubs = | contact = Enya | team = 11 per tim | mgender = Nya, kompetisi kapisah | category = [[Olah raga tim]], [[Olah raga nu maké bal]] | equipment = [[Bal (maén bal)|Bal]] | venue = [[Lapangan maén bal]] | olympic = [[Olimpiade 1900|1900]] }} [[Gambar:La mejor Hinchada de Futbol Argentino.jpg|jmpl|Dina maén bal, tujuan dasar para pangpayén nyaéta pikeun ajak timnya salami pertandingan.]] '''Maén bal''', atanapi '''méngbal''', '''sépak bal''', nyaéta [[olah raga tim|olah raga]] nu dimaénkeun antawis 2 di mana saban tim [[pamaén bal|pamaénna]] 11 urang kalawan hiji [[bal (maén bal)|bal]], di mana bal bisa gerak ku cara ditajong maké [[suku]] atawa dipentalkeun kana unggal babagian [[awak]] salian ti [[leungeun]].<ref name="hiji">{{en}}[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/soccer Soccer] (diaksés ping 1 September 2015)</ref>. Dina abad ka-21, olah raga ieu dimaénkeun ku leuwih ti 250 juta pamaén di leuwih 200 nagara, nyieunanna olahraga nu pangsohorna sajagad raya.<ref name=EB>{{cite web|title= Overview of Soccer |coauthors= |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/550852/football|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=2008-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Guttman |first=Allen |editor=Eric Dunning, Joseph A. Maguire, Robert E. Pearton |title=The Sports Process: A Comparative and Developmental Approach |year=1993 |accessdate=2008-01-26 |publisher=Human Kinetics |location=[[Champaign, Illinois|Champaign]] |isbn=0-88011-624-2 |page=129 |chapter=The Diffusion of Sports and the Problem of Cultural Imperialism |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=tQY5wxQDn5gC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=world's+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=6ns3wVUEGV&sig=SZPKYSDMJBrO1uV4mPxNbKyAuJY#PPA129,M1 |quote=the game is complex enough not to be invented independently by many preliterate cultures and yet simple enough to become the world's most popular team sport }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunning |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric Dunning |title=Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and Civilisation |year=1999 |accessdate=2008-01-26 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |isbn=0-415-06413-9 |page=103 |chapter=The development of soccer as a world game |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=X3lX_LVBaToC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=world's+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=ehee9Lr9o1&sig=nyvDhcrPoR8lXhYKE7k4CZYg_qU#PPA103,M1 |quote=During the twentieth century, soccer emerged as the world's most popular team sport }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mueller |first1=Frederick |last2=Cantu |first=Robert |last3=Van Camp |first3=Steven |title=Catastrophic Injuries in High School and College Sports |year=1996 |accessdate=2008-01-26 |publisher=Human Kinetics |location=[[Champaign, Illinois|Champaign]] |isbn=0-87322-674-7 |page=57 |chapter=Team Sports |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=XG6AIHLtyaUC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=soccer+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=QzydYB5Am0&sig=w_ouIgmegjytYFfWy7k92guTNfU#PPA57,M1 |quote=Soccer is the most popular sport in the world and is an industry worth over [[US$]]400 billion world wide. 80% of this is generated in Europe, though its popularity is growing in the United States. It has been estimated that there were 22 million soccer players in the world in the early 1980s, and that number is increasing. In the United States soccer is now a major sport at both the high school and college levels }}</ref> Olah raga ieu dimaénkeun dina hiji [[Lapangan maén bal|lapangan]] pasagi panjang ti jukut atanapi [[jukut jieunan]], kalawan hiji [[gawang]] di tengah-tengah ti saban sisi pondokna. Aya sawatara strategi anu nyerang jeung anu mertahankeun kalayan pola anu bisa dilarapkeun ka unggal kasabelasan dina laga.<ref name="sb">[http://www.g-excess.com/6030/pengertian-permainan-sepak-bola-beserta-peraturannya/ Pengertian Permainan Sepak Bola Beserta Peraturannya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117174859/http://www.g-excess.com/6030/pengertian-permainan-sepak-bola-beserta-peraturannya/ |date=2013-01-17 }} (Dicutat tanggal 12 November 2011)</ref> Dina méngbal aya sababaraha pola nyaéta pola nyerang jeung pola mertahankeun.<ref name="sb"/> Dina pola nyerang miboga tujuan nyaéta ngasupkeun bola ka gawang lawan, ku sabab kitu diperlukeun strategi jeung téhnik dina nyerang.<ref name="sb"/> Sedengkeun pola mertahankeun pikeun méré perlawanan ka lawan sangkan henteu gol.<ref name="sb"/> Tujuan maén bal nyéta nyitak skor ku cara ngasupkeun balna ka gawang musuh. Tim nu boga skor nu panglobana nalika wayahna séép nyaéta nu meunang. Upami skorna sarua, biasana dinyatakeun [[seri]] atawa lanjut ka [[babak tambihan]] jeung/atawa hiji [[adu pénalti (maén bal)|adu pénalti]]. ''[[Laws of the Game (maén bal)|Laws of the Game]]'' (aturan kaulinan) aslina disusun di Inggris ku ''[[The Football Association|Football Association]]'' dina 1863 sarta geus robah-robah saprak éta. Maén bal internasionalna diatur ku [[FIFA]], nu ngurus [[Piala Dunya FIFA]] nu dilaksanakeun saban 4 taun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/newmedia/index/0,3509,10,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230124633/http://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/newmedia/index/0,3509,10,00.html |archivedate=2006-12-30 |title=2002 FIFA World Cup TV Coverage |publisher=FIFA |date=2006-12-05 |accessdate=2008-01-06 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230124633/http://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/newmedia/index/0,3509,10,00.html |date=2006-12-30 }}</ref> ==Étimologi jeung ngaran== <!-- Keep this overview section streamlined! Please place details and debate of what name is used where (other than the five nations noted) and other name debate issues in the dedicated article [[Names for association football]] rather than here! --> Aturan maén bal disusun di Inggris ku ''the Football Association'' dina 1863 sarta ngaran [[basa Inggris]] ''association football'' dijeung pikeun ngabédakeunana jeung [[Football|wangun ''football'' nu lian]] keur éta, utamina [[rugbi football]]. Sesebutan ''soccer'' asalna ti Inggris, kahiji muncul dina 1880-an salaku hiji singketan [[Oxford "-er"]] pikeun kecap "association".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usembassy.org.uk/rss/transcripts/worldcup2006a.html |title=The Yanks are Coming: A U.S. World Cup Preview |accessdate=2009-06-06 |last=Mazumdar |first=Partha |date=2006-06-05 |publisher=Embassy of the United States in London }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110175014/http://www.usembassy.org.uk/rss/transcripts/worldcup2006a.html |date=2013-11-10 }}</ref> Di [[Dunya pamaké basa Inggris]], olah raga ieu bisana disebut ''football'' (atawa ''footy'') di Britania Raya, sarta ''soccer'' di [[Australia]], [[Kanada]], [[Selandia Anyar]], jeung [[Amérika Sarikat]]. Di Indonésia, umumna kawanoh salaku ''sepak bola'' atanapi ''bola'' hungkul. ==Cara maén== [[File:U20-WorldCup2007-Okotie-Onka edit2.jpg|thumb|left|Saurang kiper ngeureunkeun bal ti tajongan deukeut ti jero kotak pénalti]] Olah raga ieu dimaénkeun dumasar kana sababaraha aturan nu disebut [[Laws of the Game (maén bal)|''Laws of the Game'']]. Kaulinan ieu dimaénkeun maké bal nu bundeur (kira-kira {{convert|28|in|cm|abbr=on|disp=flip}} kurilingna dina standar FIFA). 2 tim (11 urang saban tim) parebut bal pikeun ngasupkeunnana ka gawang musuh. Tim nu miboga skor nu panglobana basa wayahna béak nyaéta nu meunang; lamun dua tim éta skorna sarua, patandingan éta disebut seri. Saban tim dipingpin ku hiji [[Kaptén (maén bal)|kaptén]] nu ngan miboga 1 tanggung jawab sakumaha disebutkeun ku ''Laws of the Game'': dimilukeun dina undian koin saméméh ''kick-off'' atawa adu pénalti.<ref name="laws51-52"/> Aturan utamina nyaéta pamaén iwal [[Kiper (maén bal)|kiper]] teu kénging ngeunaan balna maké panangan/leungeunna, kajaba basa pikeun [[alungan ka jero]] (''throw-in''). Sanajan umuna ngagunakeun suku, pamaén kénging ngagunakeun sadaya bagian awakna pikeun maénkeun balna, ("nyundul" lamun maké mastaka)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://expertfootball.com/training/heading.php |title=How to head a football ) |accessdate=2011-01-03}}</ref> salian ti panangan jeung leungeunna.<ref name="fouls">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws12_02.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 12) |accessdate=2007-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011115718/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws12_02.htm |archivedate=2007-10-11 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011115718/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws12_02.htm |date=2007-10-11 }}</ref> Sadaya pamaén bébas maénkeun bal ka mana waé di jero lapangan, iwal dina posisi ''[[Offside (maén bal)|offside]]''<ref name="offsidelaw">{{cite book |title=Laws of the Game 2010/2011 |chapter=Law 11 – Offside |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf |format=PDF |author=IFAB |authorlink=International Football Association Board |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=2011-03-04 |page=31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704211500/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf |date=2010-07-04 }}</ref>, nu ngahasilkeun tajongan bébas pikeun tim lawanna. Dina kaulinan nu umum, pamaén ngusahakeun pikeun nyitak gol langkung nyieun kasempetan individual ku cara ngadalikeun balna, saperti kalawan ''[[dribbling]]'', ngoper balna ka batur satim, sarta bari najong balna ka gawang musuh, nu dijagaan ku kiper musuh. Pamaén musuh bisa mibogaan kadali balna ku cara motong operan musuhna atanapi ku cara [[Tackle#Maén bal|'tackling'']] musuh nu keur mibanda balna; tapi, kontak pisik biasana bahaya, jeung bisa ngahasilkeun tajongan bébas pikeun musuhna. [[File:Soccer goalkeeper.jpg|thumb|Saurang kiper ngusahakeun ngeureunkeun bal sangkan teu asup ka gawangna]] Dina tingkat profésional, kalobaannana patandingan ngan nyieun seutik gol. Contona, [[Liga Primér FA 2005-06|usum 2005–06]] [[Liga Primér]] Inggris ngan nyieun rarata 2,48 gol per patandingan.<ref>{{cite news |title=England Premiership (2005/2006) |work=Sportpress.com |url=http://www.sportpress.com/stats/en/738_england_premiership_2005_2006/11_league_summary.html |accessdate=2007-06-05 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927023234/http://www.sportpress.com/stats/en/738_england_premiership_2005_2006/11_league_summary.html |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref> ''The Laws of the Game'' teu nyebutkeun posisi pamaén nanaon salian kiper,<ref name=LAW301>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_01.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 3–Number of Players) |accessdate=2007-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142527/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_01.htm |archivedate=2007-09-13 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142527/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_01.htm |date=2007-09-13 }}</ref> tapi aya sababaraha [[posisi maén bal|posisi]] husus. Umumna, aya 3 kategori posisi nu utama: ''[[striker]]'' (atanapi 'pamaén payun'), nu pancén utamina pikeun nyitak gol; [[Bék (maén bal)|bék]], nu tujuana nyegah musuhna nyitak gol; sarta [[pamaén tengah]]. Pamaén-pamaén dina posisi ieu biasana disebut pamaén ''outfield'', pikeun ngabédakeunnana jeung kiper. Posisi-posisi ieu teras dibagi dumasar wewengkon lapangan di mana pamaén éta. Contona, aya bék tengah, pamaén tengah kénca, jeung pamaén tengah katuhu. 10 pamaén ''outfield'' bisa disusun dina rupa-rupa kombinasi susunan. Jumlah pamaén di unggal posisi nangtukeun pola maén tim; upami nu narajang jumlahna leuwih ti jumlah békna nyieun pola maén nu agrésif jeung ofénsif, samentara nu sabalikna nyieun pola maén nu leuwih defénsif. Ngan aya saeutik larangan dina pagerakan pamaén jadina pamaén bisa gentos posisi iraha waé.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4196830.stm |title=Positions guide, Who is in a team? |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC |accessdate=2007-09-24 | date=2005-09-01}}</ref> Susunan pamaén-pamaén kawanoh salaku [[Formasi (maén bal)|''formasi'']]. Nangtoskeun formasi biasana hak prérogatif [[Manager (maén bal)|manager]] tim.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4197420.stm |title=Formations |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC |accessdate=2007-09-24 | date=2005-09-01}}</ref> ==Sajarah== {{utama|Sajarah maén bal}} [[File:Fußballgeschichte (1872).jpg|thumb|right|Inggris lawan Skotlandia dina [[Patandingan pawakilan Inggris v Skotlandia (1870–1872)|patandingan maén bal internasional kahiji]] ([[The Oval]], 1872)]] [[File:1stRoyalEngineers.png|thumb|left|Tim [[Royal Engineers A.F.C.|Royal Engineers]] nu meunangkeun [[Final Piala FA 1872|Final Piala FA]] dina 1872]] Aya sababaraha bukti yén maén bal datangna ti perang-perang jaman baheula. Baheulana méngbal téh olahraga anu ahéng tur pikasieuneun ku sabab encan ayana peraturan [[FIFA]].<ref name="bola1"/> Para pamaéna osok silih serang anu teu kabendung anu balukarna anarkis.<ref name="bola1"/> Kaulinan nu aya najong balna geus dimaénkeun di raloba nagara di rupa-rupa jaman. Dumasar FIFA, "wangun pangawalna kaulinan nu mana aya bukti ilmiahna nyaéta hiji latihan ti hiji manual militér ti abad ka-2 jeung ka-3 SM di Cina", nu mana kawanoh salaku ''[[cuju]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title = History of Football | publisher = FIFA | url = http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/game/historygame1.html | accessdate = 2006-11-20 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208013354/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/game/historygame1.html |date=2013-02-08 }}</ref> Lain di [[Cina]] wungkul tapi di [[Jepang]] ogé tapi béda ngarana méngbal di Jepang disebut ''Kemari''. Jadi dina hakékatna mah olahraga méngbal téh mimitina di daérah [[Asia]] namung kamekarana jeung sumebarna méngbal [[Éropa]] anu ngamimitian ngamodifikasi méngbal jadi olahraga modéren anu dieuyeuban ku ayana peraturan dina maénna.<ref name="bola1">[http://sejarahsepakbola.com/ Asal Mula dan Sejarah Sepakbola] (Dicutat tanggal 4 Oktober 2011)</ref> <br/> Aturan maén bal modérn dumasar kana usaha patengahan abad ka-19 pikeun ngastandarisasi [[kaulinan maénbal sakola Inggris|rupa-rupa wangun maén bal]] nu dimaénkeun di sakola-sakola di Inggris. Sajarah maén bal di Inggris bisa ditéangan balik ka [[maén bal jaman patengahan|saheunteuna abad ka-8]].<ref>{{cite web | title = History of Football – Britain, the home of Football | publisher = FIFA | url = http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/game/historygame2.html | accessdate = 2006-11-20 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413045718/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/game/historygame2.html |date=2013-04-13 }}</ref> [[Aturan Cambridge]]{{dash}}kahiji dirancang di [[Universitas Cambridge]] dina 1848{{dash}}miboga pangaruh husus kana pamekaran aturan-aturan nu salajengna, kaasup maén bal. Aturan Cambridge ditulis di [[Kampus Trinity, Cambridge]], dina hiji panglawungan pawakilan sakola saperti [[Kampus Eton|Eton]], [[Sakola Harrow|Harrow]], [[Sakola Rugby|Rugby]], [[Kampus Winchester|Winchester]], jeung [[Sakola Shrewsbury|Shrewsbury]]. Aturan éta teu diadopsi sadunya. Dina 1850-an, raloba klub nu teu kahubung jeung sakola atanapi universitas dibentuk di sapanjuru dunya panyatur basa Inggris, pikeun maénkeun rupa-rupa wangun maén bal. Sababaraha di antawisna ahirna miboga aturanna sorangan nu béda, cotona [[Sheffield F.C.]], nu dibentuk ku urut murid sakola dina 1857,<ref>{{cite book |last=Harvey |first=Adrian |title=Football, the first hundred years |publisher=Routledge |page=126 |year=2005 |location=London |isbn=0-415-35018-2}}</ref> nu mana nuju ka dibentukna [[Sheffield & Hallamshire Football Association|Sheffield FA]] dina 1867. Dina 1862, [[J. C. Thring|John Charles Thring]] ti [[Sakola Uppingham]] ogé manggihan sababaraha sét aturan nu boga pangaruh.<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Winner |date=2005-03-28 |title=The hands-off approach to a man's game |newspaper=The Times |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,27-1544006,00.html |accessdate=2007-10-07 |location=London }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528033057/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |date=2020-05-28 }}</ref> Usaha-usaha ieu mangaruhan dibentukna ''[[The Football Association]]'' (Asosiasi Maén Bal, The FA) dina 1863, nu mana kahiji patepung dina 26 Oktober 1863 di [[Freemasons' Tavern]] (Warung [miras] Freemason) di [[Jalan Great Queen]], London.<ref name="FAhistory">{{cite web |title=History of the FA |publisher=Football Association (FA) |url=http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/TheOrganisation/Postings/2004/03/HISTORY_OF_THE_FA.htm |accessdate=2007-10-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050407161619/http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/TheOrganisation/Postings/2004/03/HISTORY_OF_THE_FA.htm |archivedate=2005-04-07}}</ref> Sahiji-hijina sakola nu diwakilkeun di panglawungan ieu nyaéta [[Sakola Charterhouse|Charterhouse]]. Freemason's Tavern jadi patempatan pikeun 5 panglawungan salajengna antawis Oktober jeung Désémber, nu mana ngahasilkeun sét aturan komprehénsif kahiji. Di panglawungan ahir, panata harta kahiji FA, wakil ti [[Blackheath Rugby Club|Blackheath]], kaluar jeung klubna ti FA ku lantaran dihupusna 2 konsép aturan ti panglawungan saméméhna: nu kahiji, ngijinkeun mawa bal jeung leungeun; nu kadua pikeun ngahalangan, lumpat misalna, ku cara najong sampéanna), néngklasanna, jeung nyekelannana. [[Sajarah rugbi union|Klub rugbi football Inggris nu lian mimiliuan ieu]] jeung teu ngagabung ka FA, atawa ninggalkeun FA jeung teras dina 1871 ngawangun [[Union Rugbi Football]]. 11 klub sésana, dina kaluluguan [[Ebenezer Cobb Morley]], ngesahkeun 13 aturan asli kauliinan.<ref name="FAhistory"/> Sheffield FA maén kalawan aturana sorangan nepi ka 1870-an bari FA nyerep sababaraha aturan éta nepi bédana ngan saeutik.<ref name="Merger">{{cite book|author=Young, Percy M.|year=1964|title=Football in Sheffield|pages=28–29|publisher=S. Paul}}</ref> ''Laws of the game'' ayeuna ditangtoskeun ku [[Badan Asosiasi Maén Bal Internasional]] (IFAB).<ref>{{cite web|title=IFAB|url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/ifab/aboutifab.html|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=2011-12-10}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206125507/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/ifab/aboutifab.html |date=2013-02-06 }}</ref> Badan éta ngadeg taun 1886<ref>{{cite web |title=The International FA Board |publisher=FIFA |url=http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,3,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422035010/http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,3,00.html |archivedate=2007-04-22 |accessdate=2007-09-02 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422035010/http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,3,00.html |date=2007-04-22 }}</ref> sanggeus hiji panglawungan di [[Manchester]] antawis The Football Association, [[Asosiasi Maén Bal Skotlandia]], [[Asosiasi Maén Bal Wales]], sarta [[Asosiasi Maén Bal Irlandia]]. Kompetisi maén bal nu pangkolotna sadunya nyaéta [[Piala FA]], nu diwangun ku [[C. W. Alcock]] jeung geus dilombakeun antawis tim-tim Inggris saprak 1872. [[Skotlandia v Inggris (1872)|Patandingan maén bal internasional resmi nu kahiji]] lumangsung dina 1872 antawis Skotlandia jeung Inggris di [[Glasgow]]. Inggris minangka imah pikeun [[The Football League|liga maén bal]] nu kahiji di dunya, nu diwangun di [[Birmingham]] dina 1888 ku diréktur [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]], [[William McGregor (maén bal)|William McGregor]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The History Of The Football League |publisher=Football League |url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/History/HistoryDetail/0,,10794~1357277,00.html |date=2010-09-22 |accessdate=2011-03-04}}</ref> Wangun aslina miboga 12 klub ti [[Daratan Tengah Inggris|''Midlands'']] (Daratan Tengah) jeung [[Inggris Kalér]]. [[Fédération Internationale de Football Association|FIFA]], badan maén bal internasional, diwangun di [[Paris]] dina 1904 jeung nyebutkeun bakal satia ka ''Laws of the Game''-na Football Association.<ref name=Wherebegan/> Tumuwuhna popularitas patandingan internasional ngarah ka pangakuan pawakilan FIFA ka [[Badan Asosiasi Maén Bal Internasional]] dia 1913. Badan éta ayeuna miboga 4 wakil ti FIFA jeung 1 ti unggal opat asosiasi ti Britania.<ref name="IFAB works"/> Kiwari, maén bal diulinkeun dina hiji tingkat [[olah raga profésional|profésional]] di sakuliah dunya. Jutaan jalmi biasa angkat ka stadion maén bal pikeun nongton tim dukunganna,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://football.guardian.co.uk/news/theknowledge/0,9204,1059366,00.html |title=Baseball or Football: which sport gets the higher attendance? |last1=Ingle |first1=Sean |last2=Glendenning |first2=Barry |date=2003-10-09 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=2006-06-05 }}</ref> samentara milyaran lianna nongton patandingan di televisi atanapi di Internét.<ref>{{cite web | title = TV Data | publisher = FIFA | url = http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/marketingtv/factsfigures/tvdata.html | accessdate = 2007-09-02 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922225713/http://fifa.com/aboutfifa/marketingtv/factsfigures/tvdata.html | archivedate = 2007-09-22 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224112318/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/marketingtv/factsfigures/tvdata.html |date=2009-02-24 }}</ref> Aya loba ogé nu maén bal dina tingkat amatir. Dumasar hiji survéy FIFA, dibéwarakeun dina 2001, leuwih ti 240 juta urang ti leuwih ti 200 nagara régulér maén bal.<ref>{{cite web | title = FIFA Survey: approximately 250 million footballers worldwide | publisher = FIFA | url = http://access.fifa.com/infoplus/IP-199_01E_big-count.pdf | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060915133001/http://access.fifa.com/infoplus/IP-199_01E_big-count.pdf | archivedate = 2006-09-15 | format = PDF | accessdate = 2006-09-15 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060915133001/http://access.fifa.com/infoplus/IP-199_01E_big-count.pdf |date=2006-09-15 }}</ref> Maén bal miboga panongton televisi sadunya nu panglobana dina olah raga.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/news/newsid=111247/|title=2006 FIFA World Cup broadcast wider, longer and farther than ever before|publisher=FIFA|date=6 February 2007|accessdate=2009-10-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806183836/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/news/newsid=111247/ |date=2013-08-06 }}</ref> [[Tim nasional maén bal Basisir Gading]] ngabantos ngamankeun gencatan pakarang di [[Perang Sadulur Basisir Gading]] dina 2006<ref>{{cite web |title=More than a game |work=Common Ground News Service |url=http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?sid=1&id=2079 |last=Stormer |first=Neil |date=2006-06-20 |accessdate=2010-03-02 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626030739/http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?sid=1&id=2079 |date=2010-06-26 }}</ref> jeung leuwih tebih ngirangan tegangan antawis pamaréntah jeung nu berontak dina 2007 langkung tanding maén bal di ibu kota pamberontakan, [[Bouaké]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Best Feet Forward | work=Vanity Fair | url = http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2007/07/ivorycoast200707 |first=Merrill |last=Austin | date = 2007-07-10 | accessdate = 2010-03-02 }}</ref> Bandinganna, maén bal kawanoh kalawan luas salaku pertimbangan sabab ayana [[Perang Maén Bal]] dina Juni 1969 antawis [[Él Salvador]] jeung [[Honduras]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Has football ever started a war? |newspaper=The Guardian |url=http://football.guardian.co.uk/theknowledge/story/0,,2017161,00.html |last1=Dart |first1=James |last2=Bandini |first2=Paolo |date=2007-02-21 |accessdate=2007-09-24 |location=London}}</ref> Olah raga ieu ogé miburukan tegangan dina awal [[perang Yugoslav]] dina 1990-an, nalika patandingan antawis [[NK Dinamo Zagreb|Dinamo Zagreb]] jeung [[Red Star Belgrade]] jadi karusuhan dina Maret 1990.<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | title= The Soccer Wars | last=Drezner |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel W. Drezner |date=2006-06-04 |page=B01 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/02/AR2006060201401.html |accessdate=2008-05-21}}</ref> ==Aturan== Aya 17 aturan di "Laws of the Game". Aturan nu sarua disusun pikeun dipaké dina sadaya tingkat, sanajan modifikasi katangtu pikeun kelompok saperti junior, sénior, putri, jeung jalmi kalawan kakirangan fisik, diijinkeun. "Laws of the Game" dimedalkeun ku FIFA, tapi diurus ku [[Badan Asosiasi Maén Bal Internasional]] (IFAB), sanésna FIFA.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html| title=Laws Of The Game| publisher=FIFA| accessdate=2007-09-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070901044035/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html |date=2007-09-01 }}</ref> Tambihannana kana 17 aturan, raloba kaputusan IFAB jeung instruksi lianna mangaruhan régulasi maén bal. Nu pangrumitna nyaéta [[offside (maén bal)|''offside'']]. <!-- The offside law limits the ability of attacking players to receive the ball when closer to the opponent's goal line than: the ball itself; the second-to-last defending player (which can include the goalkeeper); and the half-way line.<ref name="offsidelaw"/> --> ===Pamaén, kalengkepan, jeung ofisial=== {{See also|Posisi maén bal|Formasi (maén bal)|Pakéan (maén bal)}} Unggal tim miboga maksimal 11 pamaén (teu kaasup [[cadangan (maén bal)|cadangan]]), salah sahijina kedah janten [[kper (maén bal)|kiper]]. Aturan kompetisi bisa nyebutkeun jumlah pamaén minimal dina hiji tim, biasana 7. Kiper mangrupa sahiji-hijina pamaén nu kaci maénkeun balna jeung panangan, tapi sabenerna pamaén nu lian ogé kaci ukur keur''throw-in'' (alungan ka jero) hungkul. Sanajan aya sababaraha rupa [[posisi maén bal|posisi]] di mana pamaén ''outfielder'' (non-kiper) ditempatkeun ku palatih, posisi-posisi ieu teu diterangkeun jeung diatur.<ref name=LAW301/> [[Pakéan (maén bal)|Pakéan]] (''seragam'') nu dipibutuh nyaéta baju, calana, kaos suku, alas suku, jeung upami diperlukeun [[palindung suku]]. [[Hélem (maén bal)|Palindung mastaka]] sanés kalengkepan dasar, tapi kiwari, pamaén tiasa makéna pikeun ngalindungan soranganna ti kacilakaan. Pamaén teu meunang maké nanaon nu bahaya pikeun manéhna atawa pamaén lian, kawas jewellery atanapi arloji. Kiper kedah maké pakéan anu gampang dibédakeung jeung nu dipaké ku pamaén lian jeung ofisial.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws4_01.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 4–Players' Equipment) |accessdate=2007-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141601/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws4_01.htm |archivedate=2007-09-13 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141601/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws4_01.htm |date=2007-09-13 }}</ref> Sababaraha pamaén bisa digentos ku cadangan. Jumlah maksimal panggantian nu diijinkeun dina raloba laga doméstik jeung internasional nyaéta 3, sanajan jumlah éta bisa robah di kompetisi lian atanapi patandingan sababaturan. Alesan digentosna pamaén contona ku lantaran cedera, capé, kirang éféktif, taktik, atanapi [[miceun waktos]]. Dina patandingan standar, pamaén nu geus digentos teu kaci maén deui dina patandingan éta.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_02.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 3–Substitution procedure) |accessdate=2007-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011144947/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_02.htm |archivedate=2007-10-11 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011144947/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws3_02.htm |date=2007-10-11 }}</ref> IFAB nyarankeun yén "hiji patandingan kedahna teu dilanjutkeun upami dua tim éta pamaénna nu maénna kirang ti 7 urang." Kaputusan méré poin tina patandingan nu katinggal kitu dumasar kana asosiasi maén bal sosoranganna.<ref>{{cite book |title=Laws of the Game 2010/2011 |chapter=Law 3 – The Number of Players |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf |format=PDF |author=IFAB |authorlink=International Football Association Board |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=2011-03-04 |page=62 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704211500/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf |date=2010-07-04 }}</ref> <div id="Match officials"></div>Hiji patandingan diluluguan ku saurang [[wasit (maén bal)|wasit]], nu mibanda "kakawassan pinuh ngalaksanakeun ''Laws of the Game'' dina patandingan di mana manéhna ditunjuk kanana" (Hukum 5), jeung kaputusanna final. Wasit dibantos ku 2 [[asistén wasit]]. Di loba patandingan tingkat luhur, aya ogé saurang [[ofisial kaopat]] nu ngabantoasn wasit jeung bisa ngagentos ofisial nu lian.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws5_01.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 5–The referee) |accessdate=2007-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141909/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws5_01.htm |archivedate=2007-09-13 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141909/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws5_01.htm |date=2007-09-13 }}</ref> ===Lapangan=== {{utama|Lapangan maén bal}} [[File:Football pitch metric.svg|thumb|400px|Lapangan standar kalawan ukuranna]] Ku lantaran aturanna disusun di Inggris, jeung ngan diurus ku 4 asosiasi maén bal Britania dina [[IFAB]], diménsi lapangan maén bal standar aslina ngagunakeun [[unit impérial]]. Aturan ayeuna ngagunakeun diménsi kalawan ajén pakiraan [[SI|métrikna]] (dipiluan ku unit tradisional di jero kurung), sanajan pamakéan populér condongna tetep maké unit tradisional di nagara pamaké basa Inggris kalawan sajarah [[métrikasi]] nu rélatif anyar (atanapi métrikasi sabagian), saperti Britania.<ref>{{cite news |title=Will we ever go completely metric? |work=BBC news |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3934353.stm |date=2004-09-02 |last=Summers |first=Chris |accessdate=2007-10-07}}</ref> Panjang lapangan pikeun patandingan internasional déwan 100–110&nbsp;m (110–120&nbsp;yd) jeung lébarna 64–75&nbsp;m (70–80&nbsp;yd). Lapangan pikeun patandingan non-internasional bisa 90–120&nbsp;m (100–130&nbsp;yd) panjangna jeung 45–90&nbsp;m (50–100&nbsp;yd) lébarna. Sanajan kitu, dina 2008, IFAB ngasahkeun ukuran panjang standar 105&nbsp;m (344&nbsp;suku) jeung lébra 68&nbsp;m (223&nbsp;suku) salaku diménsi lapangan standar pikeun patandingan internasional.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/ifab/media/news/newsid=707751/ |title=Goal-line technology put on ice |publisher=FIFA |date=2008-03-08 |accessdate=2010-06-19 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704130227/https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2008/m=3/news=goal-line-technology-put-ice-707751.html |date=2018-07-04 }}</ref><!-- ref for last sentence only --> Kaputusan ieu sabenerna teu pernah diréalisasikeun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/77/82/55/circularno.1145-amendmentstothelawsofthegame-2008.pdf |title=FIFA Amendments to the Laws of the Game, 2008 |publisher=FIFA |format=PDF |accessdate=2011-03-04 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503194134/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/77/82/55/circularno.1145-amendmentstothelawsofthegame-2008.pdf |date=2020-05-03 }}</ref> Gurat wates nu panjang ngaranna ''touchlines'', samentwis nu pondok nyaéta ''goal lines'' (gurat gawang). Hiji gawang pasagi panjang ditempatkeun di tengah unggal gurat gawang.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_01.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 1.1–The field of play) |accessdate=2007-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142202/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_01.htm |archivedate=2007-09-13 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142202/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_01.htm |date=2007-09-13 }}</ref> Jarak antawis 2 tihang gawang vértikal nyaéta 7,32&nbsp;m (8&nbsp;yd), jeung tihang horisontalna kedah 2,44&nbsp;m (8&nbsp;ft) luhureun taneuh. Jaring biasana dipasang di tukangeun gawang, tapi teu dipibutuh ku aturan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_04.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 1.4–The Field of play) |accessdate=2007-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011144942/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_04.htm |archivedate=2007-10-11 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704014712/https://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_04.htm |date=2020-07-04 }}</ref> Hareupeun gawang aya nu kawanoh salaku [[aréa pénalti]]. <!-- Aréa ieu dicirian ku gurat gawang, two lines starting on the goal line 16.5&nbsp;m (18&nbsp;yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.5&nbsp;m (18&nbsp;yd) into the pitch perpendicular to the goal line, and a line joining them. This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team becomes punishable by a [[penalty kick (football)|penalty kick]]. Other markings define the position of the ball or players at [[Kick-off (association football)|kick-off]]s, goal kicks, penalty kicks and corner kicks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_03.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 1.3–The field of play) |accessdate=2007-09-24| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071011084145/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws1_03.htm| archivedate = 11 October 2007}}</ref> --> ===Durasi jeung cara ngeureunkeun waktos=== Patandingan standar miboga 2 babak. Unggal babak panjangna 45 menit. Biasana aya istirahat 15 menit antawis babak-babak. Wasit nyaéta panjaga waktu resmi. Wasit bisa nambihkeun waktosna dina ahir unggal babak ku lantaran misalna aya pamaén nu digentosan, cidera, atawa hal-hal lianna. Waktu tambihan ieu kawanoh ogé salaku ''stoppage time'', ''injury time'', atanapi ''loss time''. Lilana waktu tambihan dumasar kana kaputusan wasit. Dina patandingan di mana aya ofisial kaopat, nuju ka réngséna hiji babak, wasit méré nyahoan baraha menit waktos anu rék ditambih. Ofisial kaopat teras nginformasikeun para pamaén jeung panongton kalawan nyandak papan nu némbongkeun menit tambihannana. Waktu tambihan bisa ditambih deui ku wasit.<ref name="rule7.2">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws7_02.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 7.2–The duration of the match) |accessdate=2007-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011144952/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws7_02.htm |archivedate=2007-10-11 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011144952/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws7_02.htm |date=2007-10-11 }}</ref> Waktu tambihan dipikawanohkeun ku lantaran kacilakaan dina 1891 dina hiji patandingan antawis [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke]] jeung [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Kaaayaan 1–0 sarta waktosna ngan sésa 2 menit, Stoke dibéré pénalti. Kiper Aston Villa najong balna kaluar lapangan. Basa balna geus balik, waktu 90&nbsp;menit geus béak jeung patandinganna réngsé.<ref>[[The Sunday Times]] ''Illustrated History Of Football'' Reed International Books Limited 1996. p.11 ISBN 1-85613-341-9</ref> Aturan nu sarua ogé mikawanohkeun yén upami waktosna geus béak tapi aya pénalti nu kedah dilakukeun, durasi babak éta dilamikeun deui nepi ka pénalti dilaksanakeun, ku kituna taya patandingan nu réngsé kalawan hiji pénalti pikeun dilakukeun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws7_03.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 7.3–The duration of the match) |accessdate=2010-03-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603064822/http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws7_03.htm |archivedate=2008-06-03 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603064822/http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws7_03.htm |date=2008-06-03 }}</ref> Dina kompetisi liga, patandingan bisa réngsé dina kadudukan seri, tapi dina sababaraha kompetisi sistim gugur, upami hiji patandingan réngséna seri, patandingan éta bisa lanjut ka babak tambihan, unggall babakna 15-menit. Upami skorna masih kénéh seri, sababaraha kompetisi ngijinkeun pamakéan [[adu pénalti]] (resmina dina ''Laws of the Game'': "kicks from the penalty mark") pikeun nangtoskeun tim nu mana nu ngalanjutkeun ka puteran salajengna dina turnamén éta. Gol nu dicitak dina babak tambihan diétang kana skor ahir patandingan, tapi gol ti adu pénalti ukur dipaké pikeun nagroskeun tim mana nu meunangna (gol dina adu pénalti teu diétang kana skor ahir).<ref name="laws51-52">{{cite book |title=Laws of the Game 2010/2011 |chapter=Procedures to determine the winner of a match or home-and-away |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf |format=PDF |author=IFAB |authorlink=International Football Association Board |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=2011-03-04 |pages=51–52 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704211500/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf |date=2010-07-04 }}</ref> Dina kompetisi nu ngagunakeun [[patandingan 2 laga]], unggal tim tanding di stadion kandangna sakali. Skor agrégat ti 2 patandingan éta nangtukeun tim mana nu lanjut. Upami skor agrégatna sarua, [[aturan gol tandang]] bisa dipaké pikeun nangtoskeun nu meunangna, nu mana nu meunangna nyaéta tim nu nyitak gol panglobana basa maén di kandang musuhna. Upami hasilna masih kénéh sarua, adu pénalti.<ref name="laws51-52"/> Dina ahir 1990-an jeung awal 2000-an, [[IFAB]] nyobian cara nangtoskeun nu meunang tanpa adu pénalti. Di antarana ngeureunkeun patandingan dina babak tambihan, boh basa gol kahiji dina babak tambihan dicitak (''[[golden goal]]''), boh hiji tim skorna mingpin dina ahir babak kahiji babak tambihan (''[[silver goal]]''). ''Golden goal'' dipaké dina Piala Dunya [[Piala Dunya FIFA 1998|1998]] jeung [[Piala Dunya FIFA 2002|2002]]. Patandingan Piala Dunya nu kahiji ditangtukeun ku ''golden goal'' nyaéta meunangna [[tim nasional maén bal Perancis|Perancis]] ti [[tim nasional maén bal Paraguay|Paraguay]] dina 1998. [[tim nasional maén bal Jérman|Jérman]] mangrupa nagara kahiji nu nyitak ''golden goal'' dina hiji kompetisi gedé, ngéléhkeun [[tim nasional maén bal Céko|Céko]] di final [[Euro 1996]]. ''Silver goal' dipaké dina [[Euro 2004]]. Pacobaan ieu duanana teu dilanjutkeun ku IFAB.<ref>{{cite news | title = Time running out for silver goal |publisher=Rediff.com |agency=Reuters | url = http://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/jul/02silver.htm | last=Collett |first=Mike | date = 2004-07-02 | accessdate =2007-10-07}}</ref>'' ===Bal asup jeung kaluar=== Dina ''Laws of the Game'', 2 dasar patandingan nyaéta ''bal di'' jeung ''di luar maén''. Ti mimitina unggal babak kalawan kick-off nepi ka réngséna, bal salawasna aya di pamaénan, iwal nalika balna kaluar lapangan, atanapi patandingan distop heula ku wasit. Basa balna kaluar ti pamaénan, maénna di-"ulang" deui ku salah sahiji cara ti 8métodeunu aya dumasar sababna: [[File:Shunsuke1 20080622.jpg|thumb|right|Saurang pamaén ngalaksanakeun tajongan bébas. Musuhna ngawangun "témbok" pikeun ngalingan balna]] * [[Kick-off (maén bal)|Kick-off]]: sanggeus hiji gol ku tim lawan, atanapi mimitian unggal babak.<ref name="restart">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws8_01.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 8) |accessdate=2007-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142456/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws8_01.htm |archivedate=2007-09-13 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142456/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws8_01.htm |date=2007-09-13 }}</ref> * [[Alungan ka jero]]: basa balna kaluar ti gurat sisi (nu panjang, sanés nu aya gawangna); dibéré ka lawan ti tim nu pangahirna ngeunaan bal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws15_01.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 15–The Throw-in) |accessdate=2007-10-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142556/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws15_01.htm |archivedate=2007-09-13 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142556/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws15_01.htm |date=2007-09-13 }}</ref> * [[Tajongan gawang]]: basa balna kaluar liwat garis gawang tanpa hiji skor nu dicitak sarta pangahirna dikeunaan ku tim nu narajang; dibéré ka tim musuhna.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws16_01.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 16–The Goal Kick) |accessdate=2007-10-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141725/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws16_01.htm |archivedate=2007-09-13 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913141725/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws16_01.htm |date=2007-09-13 }}</ref> * [[Tajongan juru]]: basa balna geus meuntasan gurat gawang tanpa aya gol nu kacitak tina sarta pangahirna dikeunaan ku tim nu ditarajangan; dibéré ka tim nu narajang.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws17_01.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 17–The Corner Kick) |accessdate=2007-10-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142324/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws17_01.htm |archivedate=2007-09-13 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142324/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws17_01.htm |date=2007-09-13 }}</ref> * [[Tajongan bébas teu langsung]]: dibéré ka lawanna tim nu ngalakukeun palanggaran "non-pidana", palanggaran téhnis katangtos, atanapi basa pamaénanna dieureunkeun saheulaan. Teu kaci nyitak gol langsung liwat tajongan ieu (tanpa ngeunaan paamén lian).<ref name="freekick">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws13_01.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 13–Free Kicks) |accessdate=2007-10-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142645/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws13_01.htm |archivedate=2007-09-13 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142645/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws13_01.htm |date=2007-09-13 }}</ref> * [[Tajongan bébasa langsung]]: dibéré ka lawanna tim nu ngalakukeun palanggaran "pidana".<ref name="freekick"/> Kénging nyitak gol langsung liwat tajongan ieu. * [[Tajongan pénalti (maén bal)|Tajongan pénalti]]: dibéré ka lawanna tim nu ngalakukeun palanggaran di kotak pénalti soranganna.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws14_01.htm |publisher=FIFA |title=Laws of the game (Law 14–The Penalty Kick) |accessdate=2007-10-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142717/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws14_01.htm |archivedate=2007-09-13 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913142717/http://fifa.com/flash/lotg/football/en/Laws14_01.htm |date=2007-09-13 }}</ref> * ''[[Dropped-ball]]'': basa wasitna ngeureunkeun patandingan saheulaan pikeun alesan-alesan lian, saperti aya pamaén nu cedera serius di lapangan. Kaputusan kieu carang aya dina patandingan normal.<ref name="restart"/> ===Palanggaran=== {{double image|right|Yellow card.svg|60|Red card.svg|60|Pamaén dibéré pangélingan maké kartu konéng, jeung dikaluarkeun maké kartu beureum. Warna-warna ieu kahiji dipikawanohkeun dina [[Piala Dunya FIFA 1970]] jeung masih dianggo nepi ka ayeuna.}} [[File:Ryan Valentine scores.jpg|thumb|left|Saurang pamaén nyitak hiji tajongan pénalti nu dihadiahkeun sanggeus hiji palanggaran kana timna dina kotak pénalti lawanna]] Hiji [[palanggaran (maén bal)|palanggaran]] aya basa saurang pamaén ngalakukeun hiji kalakuan katangtos nu kaserat dina Laws of the Game nalika balna keur dimaénkeun. Lalaku anu nyababkeun palanggaran kaserat dina Law 12. Ku sangaja ngeunaan balna maké tangan, néngklasan musuh, atanapi ngadorong musuh, mangrupa conto "pidana", bisa dihukum ku [[tajongan bébas langsung]] atanapi [[tajongan pénalti (maén bal|tajongan pénalti]] dumasar di mana palanggaran éta aya. Palanggaran lian dihukum ku hiji [[tajongan bébas teu langsung]].<ref name="fouls"/> Wasit bisa ngahukum saurang pamaén atanapi ku cara méré pangélingan ([[kartu palanggaran|kartu konéng]]) atanapi ngaluarkeunna ([[kartu palanggaran|kartu beureum]]). Kartu konéng kadua bisa nyababkeun pamaén narima kartu beureum. Saurang pamaén nu dibéré kartu kuning kawanoh salaku geus "booked", wasit nyerat nami si pamén dina buku resmina. Upami saurang pamaén geus dikaluarkeun, pamaén cadangan teu kénging ngeusian posisina. Non-pamaén saperti ménéjer jeung staf teu kénging dibéré kartu, tapi bisa diusir upami kalakuanna katempo teu sopaneun.<ref name="fouls"/> Tinimbang ngeureunkeun patandingan, wasit bisa ngidinkeun patandingan lanjut. Upami kitu, nu kawas kitu bisa nguntungkeun tim lawanna nu ngalakukeun palanggaranna. Hal ieu kawanoh salaku "''playing an advantage''".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4188646.stm |title=Referee's signals: advantage |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC |accessdate=2011-03-04 |date=14 September 2005}}</ref> Wasit bisa "''call back''" patandingan jeung méré hukuman éta palanggaran upami teu jadi "''advantage''" dina "sababaraha detik". Upami hiji palanggaran teu dihukuman ku lantaran keur aya ''advantage'', nu ngalakukeunnana masih bisa dihukum ku sabab palanggaran salajengna nu dilakukeunnana.<ref>{{cite book |title=Laws of the Game 2010/2011 |chapter=Law 5: Referee: Advantage |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf |format=PDF |author=IFAB |authorlink=International Football Association Board |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=2011-03-04 |page=66 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704211500/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf |date=2010-07-04 }}</ref> ==Babon organisasi== {{See also|Maén bal di sakuliah dunya}} Babon organisasi internasional maén bal (jeung varian-varianna, kawas [[futsal]] jeung [[maén bal basisir]]) nu diakuan nyaéta [[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]] (FIFA). Markas FIFA aya di [[Zurich]]. 6 konféderasi kawewengkonan kahubung jeung FIFA; nyaéta:<ref name="confeds">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/confederations/ |title=Confederations |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=2011-03-04 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317215323/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/confederations/ |date=2015-03-17 }}</ref> * Asia: [[Konféderasi Maén Bal Asia|Asian Football Confederation]] (AFC) * Afrika: [[Konféderasi Maén Bal Afrika|Confederation of African Football]] (CAF) * Éropa: [[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA) * Amérika Kalér/Tengah & Karibia: [[CONCACAF|Konféderasi Maén Bal Amérika Kalér, Tengah, jeung Karibia]] (CONCACAF) * Oséania: [[Konféderasi Maén Bal Oséania]] (OFC) * Amérika Kidul: [[CONMEBOL|Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol/Confederação Sul-americana de Futebol]] (CONMEBOL) Asosiasi nasional ngawasan maén bal dina nagara sosoranganna. Hali ieu umumna harina sarua jeung [[nagara daulat]], (conto: [[Fédération Camerounaise de Football]] di [[Kamerun]]) tapi ngawengku ogé sababaraha asosiasi nu ngawasan éntitas sub-nasional (contona [[Scottish Football Association]] di [[Skotlandia]]). 208 asosiasi nasional kaafiliasi boh jeung FIFA atanapi konféderasi kabuanaanna.<ref name="confeds"/> FIFA miboga tanggung jawab pikeun nyusun kompetisi jeung aturan-aturanna nu patali, tapi Laws of the Game sabenerna diatur ku [[Badan Asosiasi Maén Bal Internasional]], di mana unggal asosiasi ti Britania Raya miboga hiji sora, samentara FIFA sacara koléktif miboga 4 sora.<ref name="IFAB works">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/ifab/aboutifab.html |title=The IFAB: How it works |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=2011-03-04 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206125507/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/ifab/aboutifab.html |date=2013-02-06 }}</ref> ==Pasanggiri internasional== {{utama|Daptar pasanggiri maén bal}} Kompetisi maén bal internasional utami nyaéta [[Piala Dunya FIFA|Piala Dunya]], diatur ku FIFA. Kompetisi ieu lumangsung dina jangka waktos 4 taun. Leuwih ti 190 tim nasional palomba-lomba dina turnamén. Puteran finalna, nu dilaksanakeun unggal 4 taun, mimilukeun 32 tim nasional dina jangka waktos 4 minggu.<ref>Jumlah tim nu asup ka puteran final robah-robah saprak mimitina Piala Dunya. Nu panganyarna nyaéta 32 tim, saprak [[Piala Dunya FIFA 1998|1998]].</ref> Turnamén nu panganyarna, [[Piala Dunya FIFA 2010]], dilaksanakeun di [[Afrika Kidul]] ti 11 Juni nepi ka 11 Juli.<ref>{{cite web | title = The FIFA Calendar | publisher = FIFA | url = http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/calendar/events.html | accessdate = 2010-06-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424044547/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/calendar/events.html |date=2013-04-24 }}</ref> Aya [[Maén bal di Olimpiade|pasanggiri maén bal]] dina unggal [[Olimpiade Usum Panas]] saprak 1900, iwal dina 1932 di [[Olimpiade 1932|Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/football-equipment-and-history?tab=1 |title=Football Equipment and History |publisher=International Olympic Committee (IOC) |accessdate=2011-03-04}}</ref> Saméhémh mimitina Piala Dunya, maén bal nu dina Olimpiade (utamina dina 1920-an) miboga status nu sarua jeung Piala Dunya. Aslina, cabang ieu ngan pikeun amatir hungkul,<ref name=Wherebegan>{{cite web |url=http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,4,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608215029/http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,4,00.html |archivedate=2007-06-08 |title=Where it all began |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=2007-06-08 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608215029/http://access.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,4,00.html |date=2007-06-08 }}</ref> tapi, saprak [[Olimpiade 1984]], pamaén profésional diidinkeun ngiring, sanajan kalawan larangan katangtos nu nyegahan nagara nurunkeun timna nu pangkiatna. Ayeuna, turnamén maén bal putra dina Olimpiade dimaénkeun ku pamaén U-23. Baheula, Olimpiade miboga larangan ngeunaan umur sababaraha pamaén;<ref>{{cite web |title=Football – An Olympic Sport since 1900 |publisher=International Olympic Committee (IOC) |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/index_uk.asp?SportCode=FB |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601015157/http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/index_uk.asp?SportCode=FB |archivedate=2009-06-01 |accessdate=2007-10-07}}</ref> tapi praktikna euweuh dina Olimpiade 2008. Turnamén putrina ditambihkeun dina 1996. Lain jeung nu putrana, euweuh larangan ngeunaan yuswa pamaén dina turnamén nu putrina.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://olympics.sportinglife.com/olympics/story/0,23911,14986,00.html |title=Event Guide – Football |work=sportinglife |publisher=365 media group |accessdate=2011-03-05 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430181217/http://olympics.sportinglife.com/olympics/story/0%2C23911%2C14986%2C00.html |date=2011-04-30 }}</ref> Sanggeus Piala Dunya, kompetisi internasional maén bal nu penting lianna nyaéta kajuaraan konféderasi, nu diatur ku asosiasi kabuanaan jeung dilombakeun antawis tim-tim nasional. Kajuaraanna nyaéta [[Kajuaraan Maén Bal Éropa UEFA|Kajuaraan Éropa]] (UEFA), [[Copa América]] (CONMEBOL), [[Piala Bangsa-Bangsa Afrika]] (CAF), [[Piala Asia]] (AFC), [[Piala Emas CONCACAF]] (CONCACAF), jeung [[Piala Bangsa-Bangsa OFC]] (OFC). [[Piala Konféderasi FIFA]] dilombakeun antawis 6 juara konféderasi, juara [[Piala Dunya FIFA]] keur éta, jeung nagara tuan rumah Piala Konféderasi éta sorangan. Kompetisi ieu umumna katémbong salaku pamanasan pikeun Piala Dunya FIFA. Aya ogé kompetisi konféderasi pikeun klub contona saperti [[UEFA Champions League]] jeung [[Copa Libertadores de América]]. Nu meunang kajuaraan konféderasi ngawakilkeun konféderasina dina [[Piala Dunya Klub FIFA]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Organising Committee strengthens FIFA Club World Cup format| publisher=FIFA| url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/japan2007/releases/newsid=570740.html| date=2007-08-14| accessdate=2007-10-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531094715/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/japan2007/releases/newsid=570740.html |date=2008-05-31 }}</ref> ==Pasanggiri lokal== {{utama|Maén bal di sakuliah dunya}} [[File:Cesc Fàbregas Anderson.jpg|thumb|2 pamaén parebut bal]] Umumna, babon organisasi di unggal nagara nguruskeun [[sistim liga]] dina hiji [[usum doméstik maén bal|usum doméstik]], biasana miboga sababaraha [[divisi (olahraga)|divisi]], di mana tim-tim mibandaan poin dina sausum dumasar hasil atandinganna. Tim-tim ditempatkeun kana [[klasemén]], diurutkeun dumasar poin nu dipibanda. Dina ahir usum, tim nu panglobana mibanda poin nyaéta nu meunang. Umumna dina ahir usum, sababaraha tim nu pangluhurna [[promosi jeung dégradasi|promosi]] ka divisi nu leuwih luhur. Sabalikna, hiji atanapi sababaraha tim nu dina ahir usum jadi panghandapna dégradasi ka divisi nu leuwih handap.<ref>{{cite journal |title=European and North American Sports Differences(?) |title=Scottish Journal of Political Economy |last=Fort |first=Rodney |month=September |year=2000 |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=431–455 |doi=10.1111/1467-9485.00172}}</ref> Pangajabaan sistem ieu aya di sababaraha liga [[Amérika Latin]], nu ngabagi kajuaraan kana 2 bagian, [[Apertura jeung Clausura]] (Basa Spanyol pikeun ''Pamuka'' jeung ''Panutup''), ngahadiahan ka unggal juara bagian.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/latinamerica/story/Estudiantes-win-Argentina-Apertura-title |title=Estudiantes win Argentina Apertura title |date=2010-12-13 |newspaper=FoxSports |agency=Associated Press |quote=Under the system used in Argentina and most of Latin America, two season titles are awarded each year – the Apertura and Clausura.}}</ref> Sababaraha liga top midangkeun pamaén-pamaén béntang; sabalikne di liga nu leuwih leutik, pamaén bisa jadi nu boga gawé lian atanapi amatiran. Lima liga Éropa top&nbsp;– [[Premier League]] (Inggris),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/7321408.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC |title= Premier League conquering Europe |date=2008-03-31 |accessdate=2008-05-27 | first=Ian | last=Hughes}}</ref> [[La Liga]] (Spanyol), [[Serie A]] (Italia), [[Fußball-Bundesliga|Bundesliga]] (Jérman), jeung [[Ligue 1]] (Perancis)&nbsp;– mincut raloba pamahttp://tiatizzianni.com/wp-content/uploads/4307103713_0e18a0d57f.jpgn alus sadunya sarta unggal liga miboga total biaya bayaran leuwih ti £600 yuta/[[Euro|€]]763 yuta/$AS 1,185 milyar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Louise |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/may/29/premierleague |newspaper=The Guardian |title=Leading clubs losing out as players and agents cash in |date=2008-05-29 |accessdate=2008-11-28 | location=London}}</ref> ==Maén bal putri== {{utama|Maén bal putri}} Awéwé geus ngulinkeun maén bal saprak patandingan putri nu kahiji kacutat nyaéta dina 1895 di London Kalér. Maén bal pikeun awéwé sok dihubngkeun jeung patandingan amal sarta latihan fisik, utamina di Britania Raya.<ref name="BBCwomen-Gregory">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/women/4607171.stm |title=How women's football battled for survival |last=Gregory |first=Patricia |work=BBC sport |publisher=BBC |date=2005-06-03 |accessdate=2010-02-19}}</ref> Cara nempo kieu mimiti ngarobah dina 1970-an kalawan torobosan dina maén bal pikeun awéwé nu diorganisir. Tumuwuhna maén bal pikeun awéwé, ngahasilkeun kompetisi tingkat boh [[maén bal putri di sakuliah dunya|nasional]] boh [[kompetisi maén bal putri internasional|internasional]]. Maén bal putri pernah miboga "jaman kajayaan" di Britania Raya dina awal 1920-an basa panongtonna nepi ka 50.000 di sababaraha patandingan;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/women/4603149.stm |title=Trail-blazers who pioneered women's football |last=Alexander |first=Shelley |work=BBC sport |publisher=BBC |date=2005-06-03 |accessdate=2010-02-19}}</ref> tapi dieureunkeun dina 5 Désémber 1921 nalika Asosiasi Maén Bal Inggris nyorakeun sangkan ngalaranganna ti lapangan nu dipaké ku anggotana. Larangan éta dibatalkeun dina Désémber 1969 kalawan pamilihan sora di UEFA pikeun ngakuan sacara resmi maén bal putri dina 1971.<ref name="BBCwomen-Gregory"/> [[Piala Dunya Putri FIFA]] mimiti dina 1991 jeung saprak éta geus dilaksanakeun unggal 4 taun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=103/awards/index.html |title=Tournaments: Women's World Cup |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=2011-03-11 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208042405/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=103/awards/index.html |date=2013-02-08 }}</ref> ==Tingali ogé== {{Portal|Maén bal}} *[[Budaya maén bal]] *[[Taktik jeung kaahlian maén bal]] *[[Daptar klub maén bal]] *[[Daptar klub maén bal putri]] *[[Daptar tim nasional maén bal putra]] *[[Daptar panyitak gol top maén bal]] *[[Daptar panyitak gol top maén bal dumasar nagara]] *[[Daptar pamaén bal]] *[[Maén bal Paralimpiade]] *[[Variasi maén bal]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist|3}} ==Tumbu kaluar== {{Commons|Football (Soccer)}} * [http://www.fifa.com/ Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)] * [http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html Laws of the Game (LOTG)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070901044035/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html |date=2007-09-01 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maen bal}} [[Kategori:Kaulinan nu maké bal]] [[Kategori:Maén bal| ]] [[Kategori:Olah raga ti Inggris]] [[Kategori:Kode football]] [[Kategori:Aturan maén bal]] t8j40q8dyf5l9r1wjz4alycgh50yufq Kanada 0 36652 729129 712408 2026-09-26T12:45:11Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 12 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = Canada |conventional_long_name = Kanada |common_name = Canada |image_flag = Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg |image_coat = Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg |national_motto = ''[[A Mari Usque Ad Mare]]'' |national_anthem = "[[O Canada]]" |royal_anthem = "[[God Save the King]]"<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/symbl/godsave-eng.cfm| author=[[Department of Canadian Heritage]]| title=Royal anthem 'God Save The Queen'| publisher=Queen's Printer| accessdate=2011-05-23| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504164202/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/symbl/godsave-eng.cfm| archivedate=2010-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last=Kallmann| first=Helmut| work=Encyclopedia of Music in Canada| title=National and royal anthems| editor=Marsh, James Harley| publisher=Historica-Dominion| url=http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0002533| accessdate=2011-05-23| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010193142/http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0002533| archivedate=2011-10-10}}</ref> |image_map = Canada (orthographic projection).svg |alt_map = Kanada (héjo) dina Amérika Kalér |map_width = 220px |capital = [[Ottawa]] |latd = 45 |latm=24 |latNS=N |longd=75 |longm=40 |longEW=W |largest_city = [[Toronto]] |official_languages = [[Basa Inggris Kanada|Basa Inggris]] jeung [[Basa Perancis Kanada|Perancis]] |regional_languages = [[Basa Chipewyan|Chipewyan]], [[Basa Cree|Cree]], [[Basa Gwich’in|Gwich’in]], [[Inuinnaqtun]], [[Inuktitut]], [[Inuvialuktun]], [[basa Slavey|Slavey (Kalér jeung Kidul)]] sarta {{nowrap|[[Basa Dogrib|Tłįchǫ]]}}<ref>{{cite book|page=4|url=http://www.nwtlanguagescommissioner.ca/pdf/Official_Languages_act.pdf|title=Official Languages Act|first=Government of the NWT|last=|publisher=Territorial Printer|year=2004|isbn=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809180703/http://www.nwtlanguagescommissioner.ca/pdf/Official_Languages_act.pdf|archivedate=2011-08-09|accessdate=2012-01-05}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809180703/http://www.nwtlanguagescommissioner.ca/pdf/Official_Languages_act.pdf |date=2011-08-09 }}</ref> |demonym = [[Urang Kanada|Canadian]] |government_type = [[sistim parleméntér|Démokrasi parlemétér]] [[Féderalisme|féderal]] jeung [[monarki konstitusional]]<ref name=hail>{{cite journal|last=Hail|first=M|coauthors=Lange, S|title=Federalism and Representation in the Theory of the Founding Fathers: A Comparative Study of US and Canadian Constitutional Thought|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_publius_summer-2010_40_3/page/366|journal=Publius: the Journal of Federalism|date=February 25, 2010|volume=40|issue=3|pages=366–388|doi=10.1093/publius/pjq001}}</ref> |leader_title1 = [[Monarki Kanada|Raja/Ratu]] |leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] |leader_title2 = [[Gubernur Jéndral Kanada|Gubernur Jéndral]] |leader_name2 = [[Mary Simon]] |leader_title3 = [[Perdana Mentri anada|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name3 = [[Mark Carney]] |legislature = [[Parlemén Kanada|Parlemén]] |upper_house = [[Sénat Kanada|Sénat]] |lower_house = [[Majelis Handap Kanada|Majelis Handap]] |sovereignty_type = [[Konféderasi Kanada|Ngadeg]] |established_event1 = [[Undang-Undang Amérika Kalér Britania]] |established_date1 = 1 Juli 1867 |established_event2 = [[Statuta Westminster 1931|Statuta Westminster]] |established_date2 = 11 Désémber 1931 |established_event3 = [[Undang-Undang Kanada 1982|Undang-Undang Kanada]] |established_date3 = 17 April 1982 |area = 9.984.670 |areami² = 3.854.085 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank = ka-2 |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |percent_water = 8,92 (891.163&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>/344.080&nbsp;mi<sup>2</sup>) <!-- |population_estimate = {{formatnum:{{CanPopCommas}} }}<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/pop/pop-h-clock-eng.htm |title = Canada's population clock |publisher = Statistics Canada (this automatically updates ONCE per day at 00:00 UTC & rounds to nearest hundred—Please do not change formula without discussing on talk page) |accessdate={{CURRENTYEAR}}–{{CURRENTMONTH}}-{{CURRENTDAY}} }} </ref> |population_estimate_year = {{CURRENTYEAR}} |population_estimate_rank = ka-38 --> |population_census = 35.151.728<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/170208/dq170208a-eng.htm |title=Population size and growth in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census |date=2016-02-08 |publisher=The Daily |accessdate=2018-01-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210133245/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/170208/dq170208a-eng.htm |archivedate=2017-02-10 }}</ref> |population_census_year = 2016 |population_density = 3,98 |population_densitymi² = 10,2 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = ka-228 |GDP_PPP_year = 2011 |GDP_PPP = $1,391 triliun<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=156&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr1.x=94&pr1.y=17|title=Canada|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2011-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054844/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=156&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr1.x=94&pr1.y=17|archivedate=2012-01-11}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = ka-14 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $40.457<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ka-15 |GDP_nominal = $1,758 triliun<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = ka-11 |GDP_nominal_year = 2011 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $51.147<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ka-10 |HDI_year = 2011 |HDI = {{increase}} 0,908<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2011|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2011-11-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111152313/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf|archivedate=2011-11-11}}</ref> |HDI_rank = ka-6 |HDI_category = <span style="color:#090;">luhur&nbsp;pisan</span> |Gini = 32,1<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|title=Distribution of family income – Gini index|work=World Factbook|publisher=CIA|accessdate=2009-09-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002120506/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|archivedate=2009-10-02}}</ref> |Gini_category = <span style="color:#fc0;">sedeng</span> |Gini_year = 2005 |currency = [[Dolar Kanada]] ($) |currency_code = CAD |time_zone = |utc_offset = −3,5 nepi ka −8 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = −2,5 nepi ka −7 |date_format = kk-bb-tttt, bb-kk-tttt, ''jeung'' tttt-bb-kk ([[Common Era|CE]]) |drives_on = Katuhu |cctld = [[.ca]] |calling_code = [[Nomer telepond di Kanada|+1]] |footnotes = <big>'''[[Portal:Canada|Portal Kanada]]'''</big> }} '''Kanada''' ({{lang-en|Canada}}) nyaéta hiji nagara di bagian kalér [[Amérika Kalér]] nu ngawengku [[Propinsi jeung téritori Kanada|10 propinsi jeung 3 téritori]]. Nagara ieu ngampar ti basisir [[Samudra Atlantik]] di wétan nepi ka basisir [[Samudra Pasifik]] di kulon, sarta ka kalér ka [[Samudra Arktik]], kalawan lega leuwih ti 9,9 juta kilométer pasagi.[[Wates Kanada – Amérika Sarikat|Wates daratna]] jeung [[Amérika Sarikat]] mangrupa wates darat nu pangpanjangna di dunya. == Humber College == Hiji lembaga umum anu diakrésikeun ku Dinas Pendidikan Kota Ontario. Ieu mangrupikeun salah sahiji akademi anu panggedéna di Kanada, hiji lembaga inovatif anu ngarah kana atikan politéknik sareng atikan pascasarjana di Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://infostudy-canada.com/humber-college|title=Humber College|last=|first=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226032933/http://infostudy-canada.com/humber-college|archivedate=2020-02-26}}</ref> == Tempo ogé == *[[Daptar nagara]] *[[Daptar inohong Kanada]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan salajengna == {{utama|Bibliograpi Kanada}} <!-- Please use the following templates when adding references: * {{cite book |first = | last = |authorlink = |title = |edition = |publisher = |year = |isbn= |id= }} * {{cite journal |first = | last = |authorlink = |coauthors = |year = |month = |title = '''Required''' |journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi = |id = |url = |accessdate = }} --> {{refbegin}} ; Sajarah * {{Cite book |title = A brief history of Canada |first = Roger E |last = Riendeau |publisher = Facts on File |year = 2007 |edition = 2nd |isbn = 9780816063352 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=CFWy0EfzlX0C&pg=PP1 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111025212639/http://books.google.com/books?id=CFWy0EfzlX0C&pg=PP1 |archive-date = 2011-10-25 |accessdate = 2012-01-05 }} * {{Cite book |title = Journeys: A History of Canada |first1 = RD |last1 = Francis |first2 = Richard |last2 = Jones |first3 = Donald B |last3 = Smith |publisher = Nelson Education |year = 2009 |isbn = 9780176442446 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=GbbZRIOKclsC&pg=PP1 }} * {{cite book |last = Taylor |first = Martin Brook|coauthor= Owram, Doug|year = 1994|title =Canadian History|volume=1 & 2|publisher= University of Toronto Press}} ISBN 0-8020-5016-6, ISBN 0-8020-2801-2 ; Géography and climate * {{Cite book |title = Canadian Oxford World Atlas |editor = Stanford, Quentin H |edition = 6th |publisher = Oxford University Press (Canada) |isbn = 0195429281 |year = 2008 }} ; Pamaréntah jeung hukum * {{cite book |last =Malcolmson |first =Patrick |edition =4th |coauthor =Myers, Richard |year =2009 |title =The Canadian Regime: An Introduction to Parliamentary Government in Canada |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=-jpXFH_ZhY8C&pg=PP1 |publisher =University of Toronto Press |isbn =9781442600478 }} * {{cite book |last =Morton |first =Frederick Lee |coauthor = |year =2002 |title =Law, politics, and the judicial process in Canada |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=dj_4_H35nmYC&pg=PP1 |publisher =Frederick Lee |isbn =1552380467 }} ; Hubungan luar nagri jeung militér * {{cite book|last=Granatstein|first=JL|title=Canada's Army: Waging War and Keeping the Peace|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z7E-j1UWuOMC&pg=PP1|year=2011|edition=2nd|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-1178-8}} ; Ékonomi * {{cite book|work=Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos|year=2010|title=Canada 2010|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tvLuZ2iQAqkC|publisher=OECD economic surveys|isbn=9789264083257|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025205406/http://books.google.com/books?id=tvLuZ2iQAqkC|archive-date=2011-10-25|accessdate=2012-01-05}} ; Demografi jeung statistik * {{Cite book |last = Statistics Canada |title = Canada Year Book (CYB) annual 1867–1967 |publisher = Federal Publications (Queen of Canada) |year = 2008 |url = http://www65.statcan.gc.ca/acyb_r000-eng.htm |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160212162156/http://www65.statcan.gc.ca/acyb_r000-eng.htm |archive-date = 2016-02-12 |accessdate = 2012-01-05 }} * {{Cite book |last = Statistics Canada |title = Canada Year Book |publisher = Federal Publications (Queen of Canada) |date = October 27, 2010 |id = Catalogue no 11-402-XPE |url = http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-402-x/11-402-x2010000-eng.htm |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192951/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-402-x/11-402-x2010000-eng.htm |archive-date = March 3, 2016 |accessdate = January 5, 2012 }} ; Budaya * {{cite book |first =Paul R |last =Magocsi |title =Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples |publisher =Society of Ontario, University of Toronto Press |year =1999 |isbn =0802029388 |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=dbUuX0mnvQMC }} {{refend}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Sisterlinks|Canada}} * [http://www.gc.ca/ Loka resmi Pamaréntah Kanada] * [http://www.gg.ca/ Loka resmi Gubernur Jéndral Kanada] * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/canada.htm Canada di UCB Libraries GovPubs] * {{dmoz|Regional/North_America/Canada|Kanada}} * [http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/canadiana/index-e.html Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada] {{La Francophonie}} {{Countries of North America}} {{Commonwealth of Nations}} {{G8+5}} {{NATO}} [[Kategori:Kanada| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu tepung wates jeung Samudra Atlantik]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu wawatesan jeung Samudra Pasifik]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu wawatesan jeung Samudra Arktik]] [[Kategori:Monarki konstitusional]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Nagara féderal]] [[Kategori:Urut jajahan Britania]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu maké basa Perancis]] [[Kategori:Nagara G8]] [[Kategori:Nagara G20]] [[Kategori:Démokrasi liberal]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa]] [[Kategori:Anggota La Francophonie]] [[Kategori:Anggota NATO]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Amérika Kalér]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1867]] [[Kategori:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Kanada}} 81pi5iq122duo1e8cwnm0hjja0ubv10 Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat 0 36741 729155 655682 2026-09-26T12:57:28Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = Virgin Islands of the United States |conventional_long_name = Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat |common_name = Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat |image_flag = Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg |image_coat = Seal of the United States Virgin Islands.svg |image_map = Map of USVI.png |image_map1 = Karibik Amerikanische Jungferninseln Position.png |national_motto = ''United in Pride and Hope'' |national_anthem = "[[Virgin Islands March]]" |capital = [[Charlotte Amalie, Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat|Charlotte Amalie]] |latd=18 |latm=21 |latNS=N |longd=64 |longm=56 |longEW=W |largest_city = [[Charlotte Amalie, Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat|Charlotte Amalie]] |official_languages = [[Basa Inggris]] |ethnic_groups = hideung 76,2%, bodas 13,1%, Asia 1,1%, nu lian 6,1%, campuran 3,5%<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vq.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426222025/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vq.html |date=2020-04-26 }}</ref> |demonym = US Virgin Islander |government_type = [[Téritori Amérika Sarikat nu teu kagabung|Téritori nu kaorganisasi, teu kagabung]] |leader_title1 = [[Présidén Amérika Sarikat|Présidén]] |leader_name1 = [[Barack Obama]] |leader_title2 = [[Daptar Gubernur Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat|Gubernur]] |leader_name2 = [[John de Jongh]] |leader_title3 = [[Gubernur Létnan Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat|Gubernur Létnan]] |leader_name3 = [[Gregory Francis|Gregory R. Francis]] |area_rank = ka-202 |area_magnitude = 1 E8 |area = 346,36 |areami² = 133,73 |percent_water = 1,0 |population_census = 109.750 |population_census_year = 2010 |population_density = 354 |population_densitymi² = 916,9 |population_density_rank = ka-34 |GDP_PPP = $1,577&nbsp;milyar |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2003 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |sovereignty_type = [[Wewengkon insulér|Téritori AS]] |established_event1 = [[Traktat Hindia Kulon Dénmark]] |established_date1 = 31 Maret 1917 |established_event2 = [[Undang-Undang Organik|Undang-Undang Organik (Révisi)]] |established_date2 = 22 Juli 1954 |HDI = |HDI_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_category = |currency = US$ |currency_code = USD |country_code = |time_zone = [[Wanci Standar Atlantik|AST]] |utc_offset = &minus;4 |time_zone_DST = Euweuh |utc_offset_DST = &minus;4 |drives_on = kénca |cctld = [[.vi]] jeung [[.us]] |calling_code = [[Rancangan Panomeran Amérika Kalér|1]] (husus: [[Kode aréa 340|+1-340]]) }} '''Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat''' ({{lang-en|Virgin Islands of the United States''; umumna kawanoh minangka ''United States Virgin Islands'', ''U.S. Virgin Islands'' atanapi ''USVI}}) nyaéta hiji kapuloan di [[Karibia]] nu mangrupa [[wewengkon insulér]] ti [[Amérika Sarikat]]. Kapuloan ieu géografisna mangrupa bagian ti [[Kapuloan Virgin]] jeung aya di [[Kapuloan Leeward]] di [[Antillen Leutik]]. Baheulana salaku [[Hindia Kulon Dénmark]], kapuloan ieu dijual ka Amérika Sarikat ku [[Dénmark]] kalawan [[Traktat Hindia Kulon Dénmark]] 1916. == Iklim == {{utama|Iklim Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat}} {{Weather box |location = Saint Thomas, VI |single line = yes |Jan record high F = 93 |Feb record high F = 93 |Mar record high F = 94 |Apr record high F = 96 |May record high F = 97 |Jun record high F = 99 |Jul record high F = 98 |Aug record high F = 99 |Sep record high F = 98 |Oct record high F = 97 |Nov record high F = 95 |Dec record high F = 92 |year record high F = 99 |Jan high F = 86 |Feb high F = 86 |Mar high F = 86 |Apr high F = 88 |May high F = 88 |Jun high F = 90 |Jul high F = 90 |Aug high F = 91 |Sep high F = 90 |Oct high F = 90 |Nov high F = 88 |Dec high F = 86 |year high F = 88 |Jan low F = 72 |Feb low F = 72 |Mar low F = 72 |Apr low F = 74 |May low F = 76 |Jun low F = 77 |Jul low F = 78 |Aug low F = 78 |Sep low F = 77 |Oct low F = 76 |Nov low F = 75 |Dec low F = 73 |year low F = 75 |Jan record low F = 63 |Feb record low F = 62 |Mar record low F = 56 |Apr record low F = 62 |May record low F = 66 |Jun record low F = 67 |Jul record low F = 57 |Aug record low F = 59 |Sep record low F = 64 |Oct record low F = 66 |Nov record low F = 52 |Dec record low F = 62 |year record low F = 52 |Jan precipitation inch = 1.89 |Feb precipitation inch = 1.51 |Mar precipitation inch = 1.52 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.39 |May precipitation inch = 3.36 |Jun precipitation inch = 2.35 |Jul precipitation inch = 2.42 |Aug precipitation inch = 3.50 |Sep precipitation inch = 5.34 |Oct precipitation inch = 5.57 |Nov precipitation inch = 5.28 |Dec precipitation inch = 2.74 |year precipitation mm = 960 |source 1 = weather.com<ref name="weather1">{{cite web | url =http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/00801 | title =Average Conditions Saint Thomas, VI | accessdate =May 16, 2010 | publisher =weather.com | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20101203140210/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/00801 | archivedate =December 3, 2010 }}</ref> |date=August 2010 }} == Tempo ogé == *[[Laut Karibia]] *[[Kapuloan Leeward]] *[[Daptar inohong Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat]] *[[Kapuloan Virgin Britania]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Sisterlinks|United States Virgin Islands}} * [http://www.visitusvi.com/ Loka Pariwisata Resmi] * [http://www.governordejongh.com/ Loka Gubernur] * [http://www.ltg.gov.vi Kantor Gubernur Létnan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204025726/http://ltg.gov.vi/ |date=2016-02-04 }} * {{CIA World Factbook link|vq|Virgin Islands}} * [http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/islandareas/ ''U.S. Census Bureau: Island Areas Census 2000''] * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/usvirginisles.htm United States Virgin Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407195035/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/usvirginisles.htm |date=2008-04-07 }} ti ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Caribbean/US_Virgin_Islands|Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat}} * {{Wikiatlas|the United States Virgin Islands}} * {{wikivoyage|U.S. Virgin Islands}} {{U.S. Virgin Islands|show}} {{West Indies}} {{Countries of North America}} {{United States}} {{English official language clickable map}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Virgin Amerika Sarikat}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat| ]] [[Kategori:Antillen Leutik]] [[Kategori:Nagara Karibia]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon depéndensi di Amérika Kalér]] [[Kategori:Kapuloan Virgin]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon insulér Amérika Sarikat]] [[Kategori:Urut jajahan Dénmark]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1917]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Kapuloan Virgin Amérika Sarikat}} rdf7zk470go7krhv6dtz44zv29hezhb Kapuloan Kayman 0 36752 729150 666439 2026-09-26T12:55:56Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = Cayman Islands |conventional_long_name =Kapuloan Kayman |demonym = Caymanian |common_name = Kapuloan Kayman |image_skyline = Cayman_montage.jpg |imagesize = 1000px |image_flag = |use = [[Flag|Flag of the Cayman Islands]] |image_coat = Coat of arms of Cayman Islands.svg |image_map = LocationCayman Islands.svg |national_motto = ''"He hath founded it upon the seas"'' |national_anthem = ''[[God Save the Queen]]'' (resmi)<br />'''''Lagu Nasional:''''' "[[Beloved Isle Cayman]]" |official_language = [[Basa Inggris]] |capital = [[George Town, Kapuloan Kayman|George Town]] |latd=19 |latm=20 |latNS=N |longd=81 |longm=24 |longEW=W |largest_city = [[George Town, Kapuloan Kayman|George Town]] |ethnic_groups = 40% [[Afro-Eropa]], 20% [[Grup étnis di Eropa|Eropa]], 20% [[Urang Afrika|Afrika]], 20% nu lian<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5286.htm |title=Background Note: Cayman Islands |publisher=State.gov |date=2011-02-18 |accessdate=2011-07-31}}</ref> |largest_district = George Town |government_type = [[Téritori peuntas laut Britania]] ([[monarki konstitusional]] jeung [[wewengkon depéndensi|depéndensi]] [[démokrasi pawakilan|démokratik]] [[sistim parleméntér|parleméntér]]) |leader_title1 = [[Monarki Britania Raya|Raja/Ratu]] |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |leader_title2 = [[Gubernur Kapuloan Kayman|Gubernur]] |leader_name2 = [[Helen Kilpatrick]] |leader_title3 = [[Perdana Mentri Kapuloan Kayman|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name3 = [[McKeeva Bush]] |legislature=[[Majelis Législatif Kapuloan Kayman|Majelis Législatif]] |area = 264 |areami² = 102 |area_rank = ka-206 |area_magnitude = 1 E8 |percent_water = 1,6 |population_estimate_year = sénsus 2010 |population_estimate = 54.878 |population_estimate_rank = ka-209 |population_density = 212<ref name="yearbook">{{cite web|url=http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookInternal/140416/140424/cayman_islands/ |title=Commonwealth Secretariat - Cayman Islands |publisher=Thecommonwealth.org |date= |accessdate=2011-07-31}}</ref> |population_densitymi² = 549 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = ka-57 |GDP_PPP_year = 2008 |GDP_PPP = $2,25 milyar |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $43.800 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2010 |GDP_nominal = $2,25 milyar |GDP_nominal_rank = ka-158 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $47.000 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ka-10 |sovereignty_type = Ngadeg |established_event1 = Téritori peuntas laut Britania |established_date1= 1962 |established_event2 = KOnstitusi nu ayeuna |established_date2= 6 Nopémber 2009 |currency = [[Dolar Kapuloan Kayman]] |currency_code = KYD |time_zone = |utc_offset = -5 |time_zone_DST = teu kaobsérvasi |utc_offset_DST = -5 |drives_on = kénca |cctld = [[.ky]] |calling_code = [[+1-345|1-345]] |footnotes = }} '''Kapuloan Kayman''' {{{lang-en|Cayman Islands}}) nyaéta hiji [[tértori peuntas laut Britania]] nu aya di [[Laut Karibia]] beulah kulon. Wewengkon ieu ngawengku 3 pulo ([[Kayman Gedé]], [[Kayman Brac]], jeung [[Kayman Leutik]]), aya di kiduleun [[Kuba]] jeung kalér-kuloneun [[Jamaika]]. == Catetan jeung rujukan == {{reflist}} * {{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cj.html |title = Cayman Islands |work = 2005 CIA World Factbook |accessdate = 4 July 2005 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181225035554/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cj.html%20 |archivedate = 25 December 2018 }} ''Originally from the [[CIA World Factbook]] 2000.'' * {{cite web |url = http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/decolonization/trust3.htm |title = Non-Self-Governing Territories listed by General Assembly in 2002 |work = United Nations Special Committee of 24 on Decolonization |accessdate = 4 July 2005 }} * {{cite book |author = Michael Craton and the New History Committee |year = 2003 |title = Founded upon the Seas: A History of the Cayman Islands and Their People |publisher = Ian Randle Publishers, Kingston, Jamaica |isbn = 0-9729358-3-5 }} * {{cite book |author = Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso, |year = 1914 |title = Lexografía Antillana |publisher = El Siglo XX Press, Havana |ref = CITEREFZayas1914 }} * {{cite web |url = http://www.caribbeanmag.com/search/articles/Cayman_Islands/History_of_the_cayman_islands.html |title = History of the Cayman Islands |work = Caribbean Magazine |accessdate = July 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511093510/http://www.caribbeanmag.com/search/articles/Cayman_Islands/History_of_the_cayman_islands.html |archivedate = 2011-05-11 }} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Sisterlinks|Cayman Islands}} * [http://www.gov.ky/ Pamaréntah Kapuloan Kayman] * [http://www.caymanislands.ky/ Departemén Pariwisata Kapuloan Kayman] * {{Wikiatlas|Cayman Islands}} * {{wikivoyage|Cayman Islands}} * [http://www.cifilm.ky/ Komisi Pilem Kapuloan Kayman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722142126/http://www.cifilm.ky/ |date=2011-07-22 }} * {{CIA World Factbook link|cj|Cayman Islands}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/caymanislands.htm Cayman Islands] ti ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Caribbean/Cayman_Islands|Kapuloan Kayman}} {{Cayman Islands topics}} {{Countries and territories of the Caribbean}} {{Countries of North America}} {{Caribbean Community (CARICOM)|state=collapsed}} {{British dependencies}} {{English dialects by continent}} {{English official language clickable map}} {{nagara-geo-stub|Kapuloan Kayman}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kayman}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Kayman| ]] [[Kategori:téritori peuntas laut Britania]] [[Kategori:Nagara Karibia]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon depéndensi di Amérika Kalér]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:urut jajahan Inggris]] [[Kategori:Antillen Gedé]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon husus Uni Éropa]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1962]] po175iyrgikbfofcf3qrs3ls61x1gxm Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos 0 36753 729154 655674 2026-09-26T12:57:26Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = Turks and Caicos Islands |conventional_long_name = Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos |common_name = Turks and Caicos Islands |image_flag = Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg |image_coat = |image_map = Turksandcaicos.jpg |image_map2 = Karibik Turks- und Caicosinseln.png |national_motto = ''Beautiful By Nature, Clean By Choice'' |national_anthem = "[[God Save the Queen]]" |official_languages = [[Basa Inggris]] |capital = [[Cockburn Town]] |largest_city = [[Providenciales]] |ethnic_groups = [[urang Kulit Hideung|Hideung]] 90%, [[Multiras|Campuran]], [[Éropa]], atanapi [[Amerika Kaler]] 10% |demonym = Turks and Caicos Islander |government_type = [[Téritori peuntas laut Britania]] (pamaréntahan sorangan ayeuna katunda) |leader_title1 = [[Monarki Brtinia Raya|Raja/Ratu]] |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |leader_title2 = [[Gubernur Turks jeung Kaikos|Gubernur]] |leader_name2 = [[Ric Todd]] <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8202339.stm|title=UK imposes Turks and Caicos rule|accessdate=2009-08-14|work=BBC News|date=14 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225075343/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8202339.stm|archive-date=2018-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/turksandcaicosislands/6030311/Turks-and-Caicos-Britain-suspends-government-in-overseas-territory.html | title=Turks and Caicos: Britain suspends government in overseas territory | accessdate=2009-08-14 | work=The Daily Telegraph | location=London | first1=Damien | last1=McElroy | date=14 August 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225075342/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/turksandcaicosislands/6030311/Turks-and-Caicos-Britain-suspends-government-in-overseas-territory.html | archive-date=2018-12-25 }}</ref> |area_rank = ka-199 |area_magnitude = 1 E8 |area = 430 |areami² = 193 |percent_water = tiasa teu dipadulikeun |population_estimate = 44.819<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.electionguide.org/country.php?ID=220 |title=IFES Election Guide - Country Profile: Turks and Caicos Islands |publisher=Electionguide.org |date= |accessdate=2011-07-31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225075341/http://www.electionguide.org/countries/id/220/ |date=2018-12-25 }}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = ? |population_estimate_year = 2010 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density = 104 |population_densitymi² = 233 |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = [[Depéndensi makuta]] Britania |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |established_event2 = |established_date2 = |HDI = 0,930 |HDI_rank = - |HDI_year = - |HDI_category = - |currency = [[Dolar Amérika Sarikat|Dolar AS]] |currency_code = USD |country_code = |time_zone = [[UTC]]-5 |utc_offset = |time_zone_DST = [[UTC]]-4 |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.tc]] |drives_on = kénca |calling_code = [[+1-649|1-649]] |footnote1 = }} {{Coord|21.505|-71.754|display=title}} '''Kapuloan Turks and Kaikos''' ({{lang-en|Turks and Caicos Islands}} disingget '''TCI''') nyaéta hiji [[téritori peuntas laut Britania]] jeung [[nagara jeung wewengkon peuntas laut|wewengkon peuntas laut]] [[Uni Éropa]] nu ngawengku 2 grup kapuloan tropis di [[Karibia]] ('''[[Kapuloan Kaikos]]''' jeung '''[[Kapuloan Turks]]'''. Dina Agustus 2009, [[Britania Raya]] nundaan pamaréntahan sorangan Turks jeung Kaikos sanggeus sanggeus dugaan korupsi kamentrian. == Tingali ogé == *[[Daptar bandar udara di Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos]] *[[Daptar pulo di Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos Islands]] *[[Daptar inohong Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos]] *[[Arsipélago Lucayan]] *[[Telekomunikasi di Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Sisterlinks}} {{Commons category-inline}} *[http://www.tcgov.tc/ Loka resmi Pamaréntah Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118053505/http://www.tcgov.tc/ |date=2012-01-18 }} *{{CIA World Factbook link|tk|Turks and Caicos Islands}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/turkscaicos.htm Turks and Caicos Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407225618/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/turkscaicos.htm |date=2008-04-07 }} ti ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Caribbean/Turks_and_Caicos|Turks jeung Kaikos}} *{{wikiatlas|the Turks and Caicos Islands}} * {{wikivoyage|Turks and Caicos Islands}} {{Caribbean topics}} {{West Indies}} {{Komunitas Karibia (CARICOM)}} {{British dependencies}} {{English official language clickable map}} {{nagara-geo-stub|Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Turks Jeung Kaikos}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara Karibia]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon depéndensi di Amérika Kalér]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon husus Uni Éropa]] 23vuni3s9p063ljqjap684c1oefvvwl Pulo Peter I 0 36820 729272 711743 2026-09-26T21:10:06Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name=Peter I Øy |conventional_long_name=Pulo Peter I |common_name=Pulo Peter I |image_flag=Flag_of_Norway.svg |image_map=Antarctica Peter I Island.png |latd=68 |latm=50 |latNS=S |longd=90 |longm=35 |longEW=W |government_type=[[Wewengkon depéndensi]] |leader_title1=Administrasi |leader_name1=[[Kamentrian Kaadilan jeung Pulisi (Norwégia)|Departemén Hubungan Kutub Kamentrian Kaadilan jeung Pulisi Norwégia]] |sovereignty_type=[[Depéndensi Norwégia]] |established_event1=Diklaim |established_date1=2 Pébruari 1929 |established_event2=Dianéksasi |established_date2=6 Maret 1931 |established_event3=Depéndensi |established_date3=24 Maret 1933 |established_event4=Traktat Antartika |established_date4=23 Juni 1961 |area=154 |areami²=? |area_label=Total |area_label2=Katutup és |area_data2=95% |population_census=teu didumukan |cctld= |footnote1= }} '''Pulo Peter I''' ({{lang-no|Peter I Øy}})<ref name=miljostatus>{{Cite web|title=Peter I Øy|url=http://www.miljostatus.no/Tema/Polaromradene/Antarktis/Peter-I-Oy/|publisher=[[Badan Iklim jeung Polusi Norwégia]]|accessdate=29 August 2011|archivedate=28 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928140534/http://www.miljostatus.no/Tema/Polaromradene/Antarktis/Peter-I-Oy/}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928140534/http://www.miljostatus.no/Tema/Polaromradene/Antarktis/Peter-I-Oy/ |date=28 September 2011 }}</ref> nyaéta hiji [[pulo]] [[pulo vulkanis|vulkanis]] di [[Laut Bellingshausen]], {{convert|450|km}} ti [[Antartika]]. Wewengkon ieu [[Klaim téritorial di Antartika|diklaim]] salaku hiji [[wewengkon depéndensi|depéndensi]] ti [[Norwégia]]. Bareng jeung [[Daratan Ratu Maud]] sarta [[Pulo Bouvet]], minangka [[Kapibogaan Norwégia|3 wewengkon depéndensi Norwégia]] di [[wewengkon Antartika]] jeung [[sub-Antartika]]. Pulo hiji kahiji katingali ku [[Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen]] dina 21 Januari 1821 sarta dingaranan dumasar [[Peter I ti Rusia]]. ==Tempo ogé== * [[Daptar pulo Antartika jeung Sub-Antartika]] * [[Daptar gunung seuneu di Antartika]] ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} ===Bibliograpi=== * {{cite book |title=Norway's Polar Territories |last=Barr |first=Susan |location=Oslo |publisher=Aschehoug |year=1987 |isbn=82-03-15689-4}} * {{cite book |title=Norge i Antarktis |editor-last=Kyvik |editor-first=Helga |location=Oslo |publisher=Schibsted Forlag |year=2008 |isbn=82-516-2589-0}} * {{cite book | editor1-last=LeMasurier | editor1-first=W. E. | editor2-last=Thomson | editor2-first= J. W. | title=Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans | url=https://archive.org/details/volcanoesofantar0000unse | publisher=[[American Geophysical Union]] | date=1990 | isbn=0-87590-172-7 }} * {{cite book |title=Antarctica |last=Rubin |first=Jeff |publisher=Lonely Planet |year=2005 |isbn=1-74059-094-5}} {{Antarctic territorial claims}} {{Overseas territories of Norway}} {{Outlying territories of European countries}} {{Antarctica navbox}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Peter I}} [[Kategori:Pulo Peter I| ]] [[Kategori:Klaim téritorial Antartika]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1929]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1929 di Norwégia]] [[Kategori:Peter nu Ageung]] {{nagara-geo-stub|Norwégia}} kenv86142txclfkgk913lqvgjd4kd3j Citakan:Country data United States 10 36866 729342 689320 2026-09-27T01:56:38Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Data nagara Amérika Sarikat]] 729342 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Data nagara Amérika Sarikat]] g0z858lsg4f78lyqs559e4zx1z8v3wn Urang Arménia 0 36896 729338 666556 2026-09-27T01:51:19Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729338 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Artikel ieu ngeunaan Urang Arménia salaku grup étnis. Pikeun jalmi nu hirup di [[Arménia]], tingali [[Démografi Arménia]].'' :''Kadé kaliru jeung [[Arminianisme]].'' {{Armenians infobox}} '''Urang Arménia''' atanapi '''Bangsa Arménia''' ({{lang-hy|[[wikt:հայեր|հայեր]]}}, {{IPA-hy|hɑˈjɛɾ}}) nyaét hiji [[bangsa]] jeung [[grup étnis]] pribumi [[Daratan Luhur Arménia]]. Konsentrasi panglobana aya di [[Arménia]], kalawan 97,9% ti populasi atanapi 3.145.354 jiwa urang Arménia.<ref name="daa1">[http://docs.armstat.am/census/pdfs/51.pdf 2001 Statistik Sénsus Arménia resmi.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205224405/http://docs.armstat.am/census/pdfs/51.pdf |date=2012-02-05 }}</ref> [[Kristen]] mimiri nyumebar di Arménia gancang sanggeus pupusna [[Yésus]], ku usaha [[St. Thaddeus]] jeung [[St. Bartholomew]]<ref name="HistofChrist">see {{Cite book|first = Adrian | last = Hastings | title = A World History of Christianity | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing | page = 289 | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4875-8 }}</ref> Dina awal abad ka-3, [[Arménia Arsacid]] minangka bangsa kahiji nu ngadopsi Kristen salaku ageman nagara.<ref name="ncccusa">{{cite web|url=http://www.ncccusa.org/news/01news36a.html|title=Armenia first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion.|accessdate=2007-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213210247/http://www.ncccusa.org/news/01news36a.html|archivedate=2007-02-13|deadurl=no}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106104636/http://www.ncccusa.org/news/01news36a.html |date=2011-01-06 }}</ref> Kalobaannana urang Arménia ngagem [[Garéja Apostolik Arménian]], hiji garéja [[Non-Chalcedonia]]. == Tingali ogé == {{Portal|Arménia}} * [[Daptar inohong Arménia]] * [[Diaspora urang Arménia]] * [[Hamsheni]] * [[Masarakat Kaukasus]] == Catetan == {{Reflist}} == Rujukan == <div class="references-small"> {{CIA World Factbook}} * {{StateDept}} </div> == Bacaaan salajengna == * Géorge A. Bournoutian, ''A History of the Armenian People'', 2 vol. (1994) * Géorge A. Bournoutian, ''A Concise History of the Armenian People'' (Mazda, 2003, 2004). * {{The Armenian People-Vol I}} * {{The Armenian People-Vol II}} * I. M. Diakonoff, ''The Pre-History of the Armenian People'' (revised, trans. Lori Jennings), Caravan Books, New York (1984), ISBN 978-0-88206-039-2. * {{Redgate 1998}} * Russell D. Gray and Quentin D. Atkinson, "Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin", Nature, 426, 435-439 (2003) == Tumbu kaluar == {{Commons category|People of Armenia}} * [http://www.faces-foundation.org/component/option,com_dbquery/Itemid,82/task,ExecuteQuery/qid,2/previousTask,PrepareQuery/ Proyék FACES – Populasi urang Arménia sakuliah dunya] {{Armenia topics}} {{Armenian diaspora}} {{Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Christians}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Armenia}} [[Kategori:Urang Arménia| ]] [[Kategori:Masarakat kuna]] [[Kategori:Masarakat Arménia]] [[Kategori:Muhajir Kauskasus]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Arménia]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Éropa]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Wétan Tengah]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Perancis]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Géorgia]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Iran]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Libanon]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Rusia]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Turki]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Ukraina]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Azerbaijan]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Liga Arab]] [[Kategori:Masarakat Indo-Éropa]] [[Kategori:Masarakat Kaukasus]] {{armenia-stub}} {{bangsa-stub}} jutv1x4ryr9d9au333bev20nz4mtzpo Yazidi 0 36932 729356 708742 2026-09-27T02:37:28Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Redirect|Yezidi|kagunaan lian|Yazid (disambiguasi)}} {{Infobox Religious group |group = Yazidi<br />''Êzidîtî'' |image = [[Gambar:CAEIPDS0.jpg|250px]] |caption = Urang Yazidi di Gunung [[Sinjar]], wates [[Irak]]/[[Suriah]], 1920-an. |population = 500.000–700.000<ref name="iranica"> {{cite web |first=Christine |last=Allison |date=2004-02-20 |accessdate=August 20, 2010 |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazidis-i-general-1 |title=Yazidis i: General |work=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |quote=Kira-kira aya 200.000-300.000 urang Yazidi sadunya. }} </ref><ref name="adherents">{{cite web |accessdate=2008-03-31 |url=http://adherents.com/Na/Na_670.html#4286 |title=Yezidi |work=Adherents.com }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107080150/http://www.adherents.com/Na/Na_670.html#4286 |date=2019-01-07 }} Cites estimates between 100,000 and 700,000.</ref><ref> {{cite news |accessdate=2008-03-31 |title=Deadly Iraq sect attacks kill 200 |date=2007-08-15 |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6946028.stm }} </ref> |region1 = [[Gambar:Flag of Iraq.svg|25px]] [[Iraq]] |pop1 = 300.000 - 650.000 |ref1 =<ref name="adherents"/><ref>[http://www.aina.org/reports/yezidiscpt.pdf Iraq Yezidis: A Religious and Ethnic Minority Group Faces Repression and Assimilation By Christian Peacemaker Teams in Iraq (25 September 2005)]</ref><ref>[Idan Barir: www.dayan.org/The%20Yezidis%20of%20Iraq.pdf The Yezidis of Iraq: an Endangered Minority] Citation: The number of Yezidis residing in Iraqi Kurdistan is estimated at 300,000 residents</ref> |region2 = {{flag|Jérman}} |pop2 = 40.000–60.000 |ref2 =<ref name="iranica"/><ref name=Megalommatis>{{cite news|title= Dispersion of the Yazidi Nation in Syria, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia and Europe: Call for UN Action|first= Muhammad Shamsaddin|last= Megalommatis|newspaper= American Chronicle|date= February 28, 2010|url= http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/143737|accessdate= August 20, 2010|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100306023528/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/143737|archivedate= March 6, 2010}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306023528/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/143737 |date=March 6, 2010 }}</ref> |region3 = {{flag|Arménia}} |pop3 = 40.000 |ref3 =<ref name= Armenia> {{CIA_World_Factbook_link|am|Armenia}} 1.3% of 2,971,650 (July 2007 est.) = 38631.45. </ref> |region4 = {{flag|Rusia}} |pop4 = 31.273 |ref4 =<ref name=Russiancensus>[http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_14_24.htm 2002 Russian census]</ref> |region5 = {{flag|Géorgia}} |pop5 = 18.329 <small>(17.116 di [[Tbilisi]])</small> |ref5 = <ref>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Georgia_Census_2002-_Ethnic_group_by_major_administrative-territorial_units.pdf</ref> |region6 = {{flag|Suriah}} |pop6 = kira-kira 12.000–15.000 |ref6 = <ref name="iranica"/><ref name=HDS>{{cite book |title= Historical Dictionary of Syria|last= Commins|first= David Dean|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2004|publisher= Scarecrow Press|location= |isbn= 0810849348|page=282 |pages= |url= http://books.google.com/?id=_EhACvcqVXkC&printsec=frontcover&q|accessdate=August 20, 2010}}</ref> |region7 = {{flagicon|Swédia}} |pop7 = 4.000 |ref7 = <ref name=Megalommatis/> |languages = [[Basa Kurdi]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Eszter |last=Spat |title=[[The Yezidis]] |publisher=Saqi Books |year=2005 |isbn=08635356593x |pages=17–21 }}</ref> |scriptures = [[Kitêba Cilwe]], [[Mishefa Reş]] |religions = [[Yazdânisme]] (Yazidisme) }} Urang '''Yazidi''' (atanapi '''Yezidi''', [[Basa Kurdi]]: ئێزيدي atanapi ''Êzidî'' ) nyaéta komunitas agama anggota [[masarakat Kurdi]] kalawan akar [[Indo-Iran]]. Masarakat ieu mangrupa masarakat nu maké [[Basa Kurdi]], midumukan wewengkon [[Mosul]] di [[Irak]] beulah kalér, ogé kalawan sababaraha komunitas di antarana di [[Transkaukasia]], [[Arménia]], [[Turki]], jeung [[Suriah]] nu ngirang saprak 1990-an – masarakatna migrasi ka Eropa, utamina ka [[Jérman]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://journalstar.com/articles/2007/02/28/news/local/doc45e4c4211d311953438645.txt |title=Lincoln Iraqis call for protection from terrorism |last=Reeves |first=Bob |publisher=[[Lincoln Journal Star]] |date=2007-02-28 |accessdate=2007-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107080251/http://journalstar.com/articles/2007/02/28/news/local/doc45e4c4211d311953438645.txt%20 |archive-date=2019-01-07 }}</ref> Agemanna, '''Yazidisme''', nyaéta cabang ti [[Yazdânisme]], sarta katempo salaku hiji doktrin kapercayaan lokal Kurdi nu rumit jeung [[sinkrétisme|sinkrétis]] jeung [[Islam]] [[Sufi]] dipikawanohkeun ka wewengkonna ku [[Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir]] dina abad ka-12. Urang Yazidi percaya kana [[Gusti]] salaku nu nyieun alam. == Tingali ogé == *[[Yazidi di Arménia]] *[[Pulitik minoritas di Irak]] *[[Bom Qahtaniya 2007]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan salajengna == * Cumont, Franz. Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism. New York: Dover Publications, 1956, p.&nbsp;152-153. * Drower, E.S. [E.S. Stevens]. ''[http://www.avesta.org/yezidi/peacock.htm Peacock Angel. Being Some Account of Votaries of a Secret Cult and their Sanctuaries]''. London: John Murray, 1941. * Joseph, I. "Yezidi Texts". ''The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures'', 1908–1909/XXV, 2, pp.&nbsp;111–156. * Kreyenbroek, F.G. "Yezidism - its Background, Observances and Textual Tradition". ''Texts and Studies in Religion'', 62. Lewiston, Queenston and Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 1995. * Kurdoev, K.K. "Ob alfavite ezidskikh religioznykh knig" (Report on the alphabet of the Yezidi religious books). Pis'mennye pamiatniki i problemy istorii kul'tury narodov Vostoka. VIII godichnaia nauchnaia sessiia LO IV AN SSSR. Leningrad, 1972, pp.&nbsp;196–199. In Russian. * Kurdoev, K.K. "Ob avtorstve i iazyke religioznykh knig kurdov XI-XII vv. predvaritel'noe soobshchenie" (Preliminary report on the Kurdish religious books of the eleventh-twelfth centuries: their author and language). VII godichnaia nauchnaia sessiia LO IV AN SSSR. Leningrad, 1971, pp.&nbsp;22–24. In Russian. * Marie, A. 1911. "La découverte récente des deux livres sacrés des Yêzîdis". ''Anthropos'', 1911/VI, 1. pp.&nbsp;1–39. * Menzel, Th. "Yazidi, Yazidiya" in ''Encyclopaedia of Islam''. * Omarkhali, Kh. "Yezidizm. Iz glubini tisyachaletiy" (Yezidism. From the éarly millennia). Sankt Peterburg, 2005. In Russian. * Omarkhali, Kh. "Yezidism: Society, Symbol, Observance". Istanbul, 2007. In Kurdish. * Reshid, T. [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SBL/is_1-2_19/ai_n15954362 Yezidism: historical roots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609085442/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SBL/is_1-2_19/ai_n15954362/ |date=2009-06-09 }}, ''International Journal of Kurdish Studies'', January 2005. * Reshid, R., Etnokonfessionalnaya situasiya v sovremennom Kurdistane. Moskva-Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka, 2004, p.&nbsp;16. In Russian. * Wahbi, T., Dînî Caranî Kurd, ''Gelawej Journal'', N 11-12, Baghdad, 1940, pp.&nbsp;51–52. In Kurdish. * Williams, Kayla, and Michael E. Staub. 2005. ''[[Love My Rifle More Than You]]''. W.W. Norton, New York. ISBN 0-393-06098-5 * Ph.G. Kreyenbroek in collaboration with Z. Kartal, Kh. Omarkhali, and Kh.J. Rashow. Yezidism in Europe: Different Generations Spéak about their Religion. Wiesbaden, 2009. * Omarkhali Khanna in collaboration with Kovan Khanki. A method of the analysis of the Yezidi Qewls: On the example of the religious hymn of Omar Khala and Hesin Chineri. Avesta, Istanbul, 2009. == Tumbu kaluar == * [http://www.yezidis.am/ Uni Nasional Yezidis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618055200/http://www.yezidis.am/ |date=2009-06-18 }} * [http://www.yeziditruth.org/ The Truth about the Yezidis], a Humanitarian Organization, [[Sedona, Arizona]]. * ''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/asia/rty/index.htm An Inquiry into the Religious Tenets of the Yezeedees]'' by [[George Percy Badger]] (1852). * ''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/asia/sby/index.htm Devil Worship: The Sacred Books and Traditions of the Yezidiz]'' by Isya Joseph (1919). * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050110091415/http://www.mellenpress.com/emp/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=1585&pc=9 Yezidism: Its Background, Observances and Textual Tradition]'' by Philip G. Kreyenbroek (1995). ISBN 0-7734-9004-3. * ''[http://www.pen-kurd.org/englizi/zorab/zorab-SheikhAdi-Sufizm.html Shaikh ‘Adi, Sufism and the Kurds]'', by Dr. Zourab Aloian. * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20051214055638/http://www.lalish.com/helac.htm Al-Hallaj in Kurdish Tradition]", essay on [[al-Hallaj]], presented by Dr. Zorab Aloian at the 35th International Congress of Asian and North African Studies, [[Budapest]] (July 1997). * "[http://www.oneworld.am/journalism/articles/yezidi.html Being Yezidi]", on Yezidi [[identity politics]] in Armenia, by Onnik Krikorian, first published by Transitions Online (2004). * [http://michaelyon.blogspot.com/2005/06/lost-in-translation.html Lost in Translation], interviews with Yazidi by [[Michael Yon]] in Yezdinar Village, Iraq (June 6, 2005). * [http://www.michaeltotten.com/archives/001064.html The Beginning of the Universe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222224300/http://www.michaeltotten.com/archives/001064.html |date=2007-12-22 }}, photos and a description of Yezidi life in Lalish, Iraq, by [[Michael J. Totten]] (February 22, 2006). * "[http://www.iwpr.net/?p=crs&s=f&o=325045&apc_state=henh Armenia: Yezidi Identity Battle]" by Onnik Krikorian, in [[Yerevan]], [[Institute for War & Peace Reporting]] (2 November 2006). * [http://www.shaikhsiddiqui.com/yazdani.html Yazidi and Yazdani] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20031026113221/http://www.yezidi.net/ Yezidi Web] (via the [[Internet Archive#Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]]) *"[https://web.archive.org/web/20071202102940/http://altreligion.about.com/library/faqs/bl_yezidism.htm]", Alternative Religions profile at [[About.com]]. * {{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,21603740-663,00.html |title=Gunmen kill 23 members of Yazidi religious minority |work=[[Herald Sun]] |date=2007-04-23 |accessdate=2009-08-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070728091913/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,21603740-663,00.html |archivedate=2007-07-28 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070728091913/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,21603740-663,00.html |date=2007-07-28 }} * {{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/14/world/middleeast/14iraq.html |title=Persecuted Sect in Iraq Avoids Its Shrine |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Alissa J. |last=Rubin |authorlink= Alissa J. Rubin |date=2007-10-14 |accessdate=2009-08-04 }} {{Religion topics}} [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Irak]] [[Kategori:Grup étnoréligius]] [[Kategori:Ageman Pérsia]] [[Kategori:Sékte Islam]] [[Kategori:Basa Kurdi]] [[Kategori:Ageman monotéistik]] [[Kategori:Kabatinan]] [[Kategori:Ageman di Irak]] [[Kategori:Ageman di Iran]] [[Kategori:Yazidi| ]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Jérman]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Géorgia]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Rusia]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Suriah]] 17o6oddzr7lpxi14oudxnpzeoytg68w Citakan:Data nagara Jérman 10 36955 729387 538318 2026-09-27T04:58:57Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Jérman | flag alias = Flag of Germany.svg | flag alias-empire = Flag of the German Empire.svg | flag alias-bund = War ensign of the German Empire Navy 1848-1852.svg | flag alias-Weimar = Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg | flag alias-1933 = Flag of German Reich (1933–1935).svg | flag alias-1935 = Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg | flag alias-Nazi = Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg | flag alias-1946 = Merchant flag of Germany (1946–1949).svg | flag alias-allied = Flag of Germany (1946-1949).svg | border-allied = | flag alias-EUA = German Olympic flag (1959-1968).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Germany.svg | border-naval = | link alias-naval = Angkatan Laut Jérman | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = empire | var2 = bund | var3 = Weimar | var4 = 1933 | var5 = 1935 | var6 = 1946 | var8 = Nazi | var9 = allied | var10 = EUA | redir1 = DEU | redir2 = GER | redir3 = German | redir4 = Germany | redir5 = Deutschland | related1 = Kakaisaran Jérman | related2 = Républik Wéimar | related3 = Jérman Nazi | related4 = Jérman Kulon | related5 = Jérman Wétan </noinclude> }} erh98s8zyov1sfmzimafcwh9sm0pf4t Propinsi Faryab 0 37350 729270 710607 2026-09-26T20:57:23Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{otheruses|Faryab}} {{Geobox|Province |country = {{flag|Apganistan}} |name = Faryab |native_name = فارياب |map = Afghanistan-Faryab.png |map_caption = Peta Propinsi Faryab di Apganistan |capital = [[Maymana]] |capital_lat_d = 36 |capital_long_d = 65 |coordinates_type = region:AF_type:adm1st |population_as_of = 2006 |population = 858600 |population_note = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=600&geo=-278|title=World Gazetteer|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325090705/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=600&geo=-278|archivedate=2012-03-25|accessdate=2012-02-26}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325090705/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=600&geo=-278 |date=2012-03-25 }}</ref> |area = 20293 |population_density = 42,3 |timezone = UTC+4:30 |free_type = [[Basa di Apganistan|Basa utama]] |free = [[basa Uzbék|Uzbék]] (53,5%)<br />[[Pérsia Dari]] (27%)<br />[[Basa Pastun|Pastun]] (13%) }} '''Fāryāb''' ({{lang-fa| فاریاب}}) nyaéta salsahiji ti 34 [[propinsi di Apganistan]]. Propinsi ieu aya di beulah kalér nagara. Ibu kotana nyaéta [[Maymana]]. Mayoritas populasina nyaéta [[Urang Uzbék]]. ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} {{Provinces of Afghanistan}} {{Districts of Faryab}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Faryab}} [[Kategori:Propinsi di Apganistan]] [[Kategori:Propinsi Faryab| ]] {{nagara-geo-stub}} 535usnhk8jth73rn5ov4rsr1ra3cbzs Kapangurusan Bareng Kasenian jeung Budaya Turk 0 37577 729141 710574 2026-09-26T12:50:41Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Geopolitical organization |native_name = ''Uluslararası Türk Kültürü Teşkilatı (Türksoy)'' |name = Kapangurusan Bareng Kasenian jeung Budaya Turk |image_flag = |image_map = Map-TurksoyMembers.png |map_caption = Anggota TÜRKSOY |membership = 14 nagara anggota<ref name="Members">{{cite web|author=TURKSOY Official Web Site|url=http://www.turksoy.org.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313AC302172C9058B831D03BF0F1177D1C0|title=Homepage > TÜRKSOY > Member States|accessdate=2009-12-04|year=2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901234346/https://www.turksoy.org.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313AC302172C9058B831D03BF0F1177D1C0|archivedate=2024-09-01}}</ref> |admin_center_type = Markas |admin_center = [[Ankara]], [[Turki]] |languages_type = [[Basa resmi]] |languages = [[Basa Turki]] |leader_title1 = Diréktur Jéndral |leader_name1 = [[Duisen Kaseinov]] |established = 1993 |official_website = http://www.turksoy.org.tr }} '''Kapangurusan Bareng Kasenian jeung Budaya Turk''' ([[Basa Turki]]: ''''Uluslararası Türk Kültürü Teşkilatı'' - '''Türksoy''') nyaéta hiji organisasi [[budaya|kabudayaan]] internasional nagara-nagara kalawan [[masarakat Turk|populasi Turk]], maké basa nu asup ka [[rungkun basa Turk]]. == Sajarah == [[File:Turksoy.jpg|thumb|left|300px|International Organization of Turkic Culture, headquarters.]] Organisasi ieu miboga asalna ti panglawungan-panglawungan dina 1992 di [[Baku]] jeung [[Istanbul]], di mana mentri-mentri kabudayaan ti [[Azerbaijan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kirgizstan]], [[Uzbékistan]], [[Turki]], jeung [[Turkménistan]] ngadéklarasikeun komitmenna pikeun gawé bareng dina hiji rangka kabudayaan bareng. TÜRKSOY saterasna diadegkeun ku hiji pasatujuan nu ditandatanganan dina 12 Juli 1993 di [[Almaty]]. Dina 1996, hiji gawé bareng resmi antara TÜRKSOY jeung [[UNESCO]] diwangun, mimilukeun konsultasi bareng sarta hubungan pawakilan bulak-balik.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|author=UNESCO Web Site|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001035/103511E.pdf|title=Relations with the Joint Administration of the Turkic Culture and Arts (TÜRKSOY), and Draft Agreement between that Organization and UNESCO|accessdate=2009-12-04|year=1996}}</ref> Dibéwarakeun yén TÜRKSOY bakal diintegrasikeun ka [[Déwan Turk]], hiji organisasi nagara-nagara Turk nu diadegkeun dina 2009. == Anggota == Ayeuna TÜRKSOY miboga 14 anggota, kaasup nagar daulat jeung [[Féderasi|subjék féderal]] atanapi [[wewengkon otonom]] ti hiji nagara.<ref name="Members"/> {|class="wikitable" !width="160"|Nagara !width="100"|Basa !width="160"|Catetan |- |{{flag|Altai}} |[[basa Altay|Altay]] |Hiji [[subjék féderal di Rusia|subjék féderal]] di [[Rusia]]. |- |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |[[basa Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] |- |{{flag|Bashkortostan}} |[[basa Bashkir|Bashkir]] |Hiji [[subjék féderal di Rusia|subjék féderal]] di [[Rusia]]. |- |{{flag|Gagauzia}} |[[basa Gagauz|Gagauz]] |Hiji [[wewengkon otonom]] di [[Moldova]]. |- |{{flag|Kazakhstan}} |[[basa Kazakh|Kazakh]] | |- |{{flag|Khakassia}} |[[basa Khakas|Khakas]] |Hiji [[subjék féderal di Rusia|subjék féderal]] di [[Rusia]]. |- |{{flag|Kirgizstan}} |[[basa Kirgiz|Kirgiz]] | |- |{{flag|Siprus Kalér}} |[[basa Turki|Turki]] |Hiji républik indepénden ''[[de facto]]'' nu ngan diakuan ku Turki; tingali [[Papaséaan Siprus]]. |- |{{flag|Sakha}} |[[basa Sakha|Sakha]] (Yakut) |Hiji [[subjék féderal di Rusia|subjék féderal]] di [[Rusia]]. |- |{{flag|Tatarstan}} |[[basa Tatar|Tatar]] |Hiji [[subjék féderal di Rusia|subjék féderal]] di [[Rusia]]. |- |{{flag|Turki}} |[[basa Turki|Turki]] | |- |{{flag|Turkménistan}} |[[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] | |- |{{flag|Tuva}} |[[basa Tuva|Tuva]] |Hiji [[subjék féderal di Rusia|subjék féderal]] di [[Rusia]]. |- |{{flag|Uzbékistan}} |[[basa Uzbék|Uzbék]] | |} ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == *{{tr icon}} {{en icon}} {{ru icon}} [http://www.turksoy.org.tr Ramatloka TÜRKSOY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823120839/http://www.turksoy.org.tr/ |date=2009-08-23 }} {{Countries and languages lists}} {{Turkic topics}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kapangurusan Bareng Kasenian Jeung Kabudayaan Turk}} [[Kategori:Organisasi internasional]] [[Kategori:Rungkun basa Turk]] [[Kategori:Masarakat Turk]] [[Kategori:Organisasi nu ngadeg taun 1993]] {{organisasi-stub}} k53nwicrunz9dwyo9l8ecizm1otkcmr Citakan:Country data Aljazair 10 37638 729300 614859 2026-09-26T23:47:33Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Aljazair | flag alias = Flag of Algeria.svg | flag alias-1958 = Flag of Algeria (1958-1962).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Algeria.svg | link alias-naval = Angkatan Laut Nasional Aljazair | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1958 | redir1 = DZA | redir2 = ALG | redir3 = Algeria | redir4 = Algiers </noinclude> }} rka2c77mcczibu0v80oic12t86kp6zo Kakaisaran Romawi 0 37651 729107 712916 2026-09-26T12:29:07Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{otheruses}} {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = {{aut|Senatus PopulusQue Romanus ([[SPQR]])}}<br /><small>"Sénat jeung Rahayat Roma" </small>{{#tag:ref|Since classical and modern concepts of state do not coincide, other possibilities include ''Res publica Romana'', ''Imperium Romanum'' or ''Romanorum'' (also in Greek: {{Polytonic|Βασιλείᾱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων – ''Basileíā tôn Rhōmaíōn''}} – ["Dominion (Literally 'kingdom') of the Romans"]) and ''Romania''. ''Res publica'', as a term denoting the Roman "commonwealth" in general, can refer to both the Republican and the Imperial era, while ''Imperium Romanum'' (or, sometimes, ''Romanorum'') is used to refer to the territorial extent of Roman authority. ''Populus Romanus'', "the Roman people", is often used for the Roman state dealing with other nations. The term ''Romania'', initially a colloquial term for the empire's territory as well as the collectivity of its inhabitants, appears in Greek and Latin sources from the fourth century onward and was eventually carried over to the [[Byzantine Empire]]. (See Wolff, R.L. "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople". In: ''Speculum'', 23 (1948), pp. 1–34 (pp. 2–3).)|group=nb}} |conventional_long_name = Kakaisaran Romawi |common_name = Kakaisaran Romawi |national_motto = |era = Kuna klasik |status = '''Kakaisaran''' |continent = Afroeurasia |region = Méditérania |government_type = [[Otokrasi]] |p1 = Républik Romawi |flag_p1 = Spqrstone.jpg |s1 = Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon |flag_s1 = Labarum.svg |s2 = Kakaisaran Bizantium |flag_s2 = Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century, square.svg |event_start = [[Augustus|Octavia]] nyatakeun [[Augustus (gelar)|Augustus]] |year_start = 27 SM |event_end = Turunna Kaisar Kulon [[Romulus Augustus]]/[[Labuhna Konstantinopel]] * |year_end = 476/1453 M |event_pre = [[Patempuran Actium]] |date_pre = 2 Séptémber 31 SM |event1 = [[Diocletian]] misahkeun adminstrasi kakaisaran antawsi Wétan jeung Kulon |date_event1 = 285 |event2 = [[Konstiantin I|Konstantin nu Ageung]] ngadegkeun [[Konstantinopel]] salaku ibu kota kakaisaran nu anyar |date_event2 = 330 |event3 = Pupusna [[Theodosius nu Ageung]], diteraskeun ku dibagina kakaisaran kana wétan jeung kulon |date_event3 = 395 |event_post = |date_post = |image_coat = Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg |symbol_type = [[Vexillum]] kalawan [[Aquila (Romawi)|aquila]] sarta inisial kanagaraan Romawi |coa_size = 120px |image_map = RomanEmpireTrajan117AD.png |image_map_caption = Kakawasaan maksimum Kakaisaran Romawi dina 117 M.<ref>Bennett, J. ''Trajan: Optimus Princeps''. 1997. Fig. 1</ref> |capital = <small>[[Roma]] nyaéta ibu kota pulitis nepi ka 286&nbsp;M<br />Aya sababaraha puseur pulitis nalika [[Katétraan]] samentawis Roma tetep jadi ibu kota nominal, budaya, jeung idéologis.<br />[[Konstantin I|Konstantin]] ngadegkeun sarta ngawangun ulang kota [[Konstantinopel]] salaku ibu kota kakaisaran nu anyar dina 330.<ref name="Constantine I 306 - 337 AD">[http://www.roman-emperors.org/conniei.htm Konstantin&nbsp;I (306–337 M)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929190410/http://www.roman-emperors.org/conniei.htm |date=2017-09-29 }} ku Hans A. Pohlsander. De Imperatoribus Romanis. Written 2004-1-8. Retrieved 2007-3-20.</ref><br />[[Mediolanum]] (Milan) mangrupa batur gawéna nalika babagian Wétan/Kulon ningkat remenna. Pangadilan kakaisaran kulon teras dipindahkeun ka [[Ravenna]]. |common_languages = [[Latin]], [[Basa Yunani Kuna|Yunani]] |[[Agama di Romawi kuna|religion]] = [[Agama di Romawi kuna|agama Romawi tradisional]], [[panyembahan kakaisaran (Romawi kuna)|Panyembahan kakaisaran]], [[Agama Yunani|Kapercayaan Yunani]]<small> (nepi ka 380)</small><br />Kristen<small><br />(ti 380) |currency = (a) 27 SM – 212 M: 1 emas ''[[aureus]]'' (1/40 lb. emas, dirobah ka 1/50 lb. dina 212) = 25 pérak ''[[denarii]]'' = 100 perunggu ''[[sesterces]]'' = 400 tambaga ''[[As (koin Romawi)|asses]]''.<br /> (b) 294–312: 1 emas ''[[solidus (koin)|aureus solidus]]'' (1/60 lb. emas) = 10 pérak ''[[argenteus|argentei]]'' = 40 perunggu ''[[folles]]'' = 1.000 logam nu diturunkeun ''denarii''<br />(c) 312 ka hareup: 1 emas ''[[solidus (koin)|solidus]]'' (1/72 lb.) = 24 pérak ''[[siliqua]]e'' = 180 perunggu ''folles'' |leader1 = [[Augustus]] |leader2 = [[Theodosius I]] |leader3 = [[Romulus Augustus]] / [[Konstantin&nbsp;XI]] |year_leader1 = 27 SM – 14 M |year_leader2 = 378–395 |year_leader3 = 475–476 / 1449–1453 |title_leader = [[Kaisar Romawi|Kaisar]] |title_representative = [[Konsul Romawi|Konsul]] |representative1 = |representative2 = |year_representative1 = |year_representative2 = |legislature = [[Sénat Kakaisaran Romawi|Sénat Romawi]] ||stat_year1 = 25 SM<ref name=size>{{cite journal|journal=Social Science History |title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600&nbsp;B.C. to 600&nbsp;A.D. |first=Rein |last=Taagepera |volume=3 |issue=3/4 |year=1979 |page=125 |doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959|publisher=Duke University Press |authorlink=Rein Taagepera}}</ref><ref>John D. Durand, ''Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation'', 1977, pp. 253–296.</ref> |stat_area1 = 2750000 |stat_year2 = 50<ref name=size/> |stat_pop1 = 56800000 |stat_area2 = 4200000 |stat_year3 = 117<ref name=size/> |stat_area3 = 6500000 |stat_pop3 = 88000000 |stat_year4 = 390 <ref name=size/> |stat_area4 = 4400000 |footnotes = * Kajadia-kajadian ieu nandaan ahirna [[Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon]] (286–476)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/507739/Roman-Empire|title=Roman Empire – Britannica Online Encyclopedia|publisher=www.britannica.com|accessdate=2008-07-09}}</ref> jeung [[Kakisaran Bizantium|Kakaisaran Romawi Wétan]] (330–1453). |today = Tingali artikel }} '''Kakaisaran Romawi''' ({{lang-la|Imperium Romanum}}) nyaéta jaman pasca-[[Républik Romawi|Républik]] ti [[Romawi Kuna|peradaban Romawi kuna]], dicirian ku wangun pamaréntahan [[otokrasi]] sarta kakawasaan wewengkon nu lega di Éropa jeung sadeukeuteun Méditérania.<ref>"Roman Empire", Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008</ref> Dina ahir abad ka-3 Maséhi, [[Diocletian]] ngadegkeun sarta mraktékkeun babagian kakawasaan antawis 4 kaisar (kawanoh salaku [[katétraan]]) sangkan leuwih alus ngamankeun wewengkonna nu lega, ngahirkeun [[Krisis Abad KAtilu]]. Nalika dékade sanggeusna, Kakaisaran remen dibagi kana poros Wétan/Kulon. Sanggeus pupusna [[Theodosius&nbsp;I]] dina 395, kakaisaran dibagi pikeun nu pangahirna.<ref>Chester G. Starr, ''A History of the Ancient World, Second Edition.'' Oxford University Press, 1974. pp. 670–678.</ref> [[Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon]] ngahir dina 476 basa [[Romulus Augustulus|Romulus Augustus]] dipaksa turn tahta pikeun raja perang [[urang Jérmanik|Jérmanik]], [[Odoacer]].<ref>Isaac Asimov. ''Asimov's Chronology of the World.'' Harper Collins, 1989. p. 110.</ref> Romawi Wétan atanapi [[Kakaisaran Bizantium]] ngahir dina 1453 nalika pupusna [[Konstantin XI Palaiologos|Konstantin&nbsp;XI]] sarta [[labuhna Konstantinopel]] ka [[Mehmed II]], pamingpin [[Turki Ottoman]].<ref>Asimov, p. 198.</ref> == Kiwari == Wewengkon Kakaisaran Romawi ayeuna mangrupa bagian ti nagara: {{col|3}} * {{flag|Albania}} * {{flag|Aljazair}} * {{flag|Andorra}} * {{flag|Arab Saudi}} * {{flag|Arménia}} * {{flag|Austria}} * {{flag|Azerbaijan}} * {{flag|Bélgia}} * {{flag|Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina}} * {{flag|Britania Raya}} * {{flag|Bulgaria}} * {{flag|Géorgia}} * {{flag|Hungaria}} * {{flag|Iran}} * {{flag|Irak}} * {{flag|Israél}} * {{flag|Italia}} * {{flag|Jérman}} * {{flag|Kosovo}}{{ref label|status|a|}} * {{flag|Kroasia}} * {{flag|Kuwait}} * {{flag|Libanon}} * {{flag|Liechtenstéin}} * {{flag|Libya}} * {{flag|Luksemburg}} * {{flag|Makédonia}} * {{flag|Malta}} * {{flag|Maroko}} * {{flag|Mesir}} * {{flag|Moldova}} * {{flag|Monako}} * {{flag|Monténégro}} * {{flag|Otoritas Paléstina|name=Wewengkon Paléstina}} * {{flag|Perancis}} * {{flag|Portugal}} * {{flag|Romania}} * {{flag|Rusia}} * {{flag|San Marino}} * {{flag|Sérbia}} * {{flag|Siprus}} * {{flag|Slovénia}} * {{flag|Spanyol}} * {{flag|Suis}} * {{flag|Suriah}} * {{flag|Tunisia}} * {{flag|Turki}} * {{flag|Ukraina}} * {{flag|Kota Vatikan}} * {{flag|Walanda}} * {{flag|Yordania}} * {{flag|Yunani}} </div> == Catean jeung rujukan == <references group="nb"/> {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book|author=Frank Frost Abbott|year=1901|title=A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions|publisher=Elibron Classics|isbn=0-543-92749-0|authorlink=Frank Frost Abbott}} * [[John Bagnell Bury]], ''A History of the Roman Empire from its Foundation to the death of Marcus Aurelius'', 1913, ISBN 978-1-4367-3416-5 * [[Winston Churchill]], ''A History of the English-Speaking Peoples'', Cassell, 1998, ISBN 0-304-34912-7 * [[J. A. Crook]], ''Law and Life of Rome, 90 BC–AD 212'', 1967, ISBN 0-8014-9273-4 * [[Donald R. Dudley]], ''The Civilization of Rome'', 2nd ed., 1985, ISBN 0-452-01016-0 * [[Arther Ferrill]], ''The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation'', [[Thames and Hudson]], 1988, ISBN 0-500-27495-9 * {{cite book |last=Freeman |first=Charles |title=The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World |url=https://archive.org/details/greekachievement0000free_c9o7 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York |year=1999 |isbn=0-670-88515-0}} * [[Edward Gibbon]], ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'', 1776–1789 * [[Adrian Goldsworthy|Goldsworthy, Adrian]]. ''The Punic Wars'', Cassell & Co, 2000, ISBN 0-304-35284-5 * Goldsworthy, Adrian. ''In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire'', Weidenfield and Nicholson, 2003, ISBN 0-297-84666-3 * Goldsworthy, Adrian. ''The Complete Roman Army'', [[Thames and Hudson]], 2003, ISBN 0-500-05124-0 * [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]], ''The History of Rome'', [[Faber and Faber]], 1993, ISBN 0-571-11461-X * [[Benjamin Isaac]], "The Limits of Empire: the Roman Army in the East" [[Oxford University Press]], 1992, ISBN 0-19-814926-3 * [[Andrew Lintott]], ''Imperium Romanum: Politics and administration'', 1993, ISBN 0-415-09375-9 * [[Edward Luttwak]], ''The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire'', [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], ISBN 0-8018-2158-4 * {{cite journal | first=T. R. | last=Reid | title=The World According to Rome | journal=National Geographic | volume=192 | issue=2 | pages=54–83 | year=1997 | url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211153712/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ | archive-date=2007-12-11 | accessdate=2012-03-18 }} * [[Antonio Santosuosso]], ''Storming the Heavens: Soldiers, Emperors and Civilians in the Roman Empire'', Westview Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8133-3523-X {{Refend}} <div class="references-small"> </div> == Tumbu kaluar == {{Sister project links}} * Adena, L. [http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/How+the+Jesus+Cult+Captured+the+Roman+State The 'Jesus Cult' and the Roman State in the Third Century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104073248/http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/How+the+Jesus+Cult+Captured+the+Roman+State |date=2015-01-04 }}, Clio History Journal, 2008. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100708232311/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i11rv1ezJ_9hlqSjJfzxr1A5wryQ Roman battlefield unearthed deep inside Germany] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/romans BBC Romans for Children] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424072929/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/romans/ |date=2009-04-24 }} * [http://classicsunveiled.com/romeh/ Classics Unveiled] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305213059/http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romeh/ |date=2012-03-05 }} * [http://www.euratlas.com/history_europe/europe_map_0100.html Complete map of the Roman Empire in year 100] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519172508/http://www.euratlas.com/history_europe/europe_map_0100.html |date=2010-05-19 }} * [http://roman-empire.info/ Detailed history of the Roman Empire] * [http://tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/rome.htm Historical Atlas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801171701/http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/rome.htm |date=2015-08-01 }} (Swedish) * [http://romancoins.info/ Roman Numismatic Gallery ] * [http://resourcesforhistory.com/ The Celts and Romans] * [http://roman-empire.net/ The Roman Empire] * [http://pbs.org/empires/romans/index.html The Roman Empire in the First Century] from PBS * [http://www.unrv.com/ UNRV Roman History] * [http://www.knowtheromans.co.uk The Romans] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415030316/http://knowtheromans.co.uk/ |date=2012-04-15 }} {{Ancient Rome topics|state=autocollapse}} {{Roman history by territory}} {{Territories with limited Roman Empire occupation & presence}} {{Ancient Greek and Roman Wars|state=autocollapse}} {{Empires}} {{Former monarchies Italian peninsula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Romawi}} [[Kategori:Nu bubar taun 476]] [[Kategori:Nu bubar taun 1453]] [[Kategori:Urut nagara di Samenanjung Italia]] [[Kategori:Kakaisaran Romawi| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara Romawi]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 27 SM]] {{sajarah-stub}} [[cs:Starověký Řím#Císařství]] jrcckm5d50oqybhpzzbz7q8f5x8w9zh Urang Turki 0 37675 729341 711781 2026-09-27T01:55:47Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Turks}} {{Turkish people}} '''Urang Turki''' ({{lang-tr| tunggal: Türk, jamak: Türkler}}), nyaéta hiji [[grup étnis]] nu utamina hirup di [[Turki]], sarta di wewengkon urut [[Kakaisaran Ottoman]] di mana [[minoritas urang Turki]] kawas di [[Bulgaria]], [[Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina]], [[Géorgia]], [[Yunani]], [[Kosovo]], [[Makédonia]], jeung [[Romania]]. Raloba migran Turki geus hirup ogé di bagian kalér Siprus sanggues invasi Turki 1974 (Migran-migran ieu kedahna dibédakeun jeung kaom minoritas Turki-Siprus nu émang geus aya dina pulo éta). Ku lantaran migrasi, raloba komunitas urang Turki geus ngadeg di [[urang Turki di Éropa|Éropa]] [[éropa Kulon|Kulon]] (utamina di Jérman, Perancis, Britania Raya, Walanda, Austria, Bélgia, jeung Liechtenstéin), ogé di [[urang Turki di Australia|Australia]], [[urang Turki di Wétan Tengah|Wétan Tengah]], jeung Amérika Kalér sarta wewengkon Uni Soviét. == Catetan jeung rujukan == <div class="references-small"> <references group=dn/> </div> {{Reflist}} == Pustaka == {{Portal|Turki}} *{{Cite book|last=Abrahams|first=Fred|author-link=|year=1996|title=A threat to "stability": human rights violations in Macedonia |url=https://archive.org/details/threatt_abr_1996_00_4805|place=|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=1564321703 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite document|last1=Aydıngün|first1=Ayşegül|last2=Harding|first2=Çiğdem Balım|last3=Hoover|first3=Matthew|last4=Kuznetsov|first4=Igor|last5=Swerdlow|first5=Steve|year=2006|url=http://www.cal.org/CO/pdffiles/mturks.pdf|title=Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettelment Experiences|place=http://www.cal.org/|publisher=Center for Applied Linguistics|isbn=|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303212518/http://www.cal.org/CO/pdffiles/mturks.pdf|archivedate=2009-03-03|accessdate=2012-03-19}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714205907/http://www.cal.org/co/pdffiles/mturks.pdf |date=2007-07-14 }} *{{Cite document |last=Berlin-Institut|first=|year=2009 |title=Zur Lage der Integration in Deutschland |url=http://www.berlin-institut.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Zuwanderung/Integration_RZ_online.pdf |place=http://www.berlin-institut.org|publisher=Berlin-Institu für Bevölkerung und Entwicklung|isbn= |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}} *{{Cite book|last=Council of Europe|first=|year=2006|title=Documents: working papers, 2005 ordinary session (second part), 25–29 April 2005, Vol. 3: Documents 10407, 10449-10533|place=|publisher=Council of Europe|isbn=9287157545 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite document |last=Duvier|first=Janine|year=2009 |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/MSU/papers/Duvier-Janine-LMRG.pdf |title=Immigration and Integration in Germany and England|place=http://www.lse.ac.uk/|publisher=London School of Economics|isbn= |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}} *{{Cite book|last1=Ergener|first1=Rashid|last2=Ergener|first2=Resit|author-link=|year=2002|title=About Turkey: Geography, Economy, Politics, Religion, and Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/aboutturkeygeogr0000erge|place=|publisher=Pilgrims Process|isbn=0971060967 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite book|last1=Extra|first1=Guus| last2=Gorter | first2=Durk |author-link=|year=2001|title=The other languages of Europe: demographic, sociolinguistic, and educational perspectives|url=https://archive.org/details/otherlanguagesof0000unse_r1e4|place=|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=1853595098 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite document|last=Federation of Turkish Associations in the UK|first=|year=2008|title=BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FEDERATION OF TURKISH ASSOCIATIONS IN UK|url=http://www.turkishfederationuk.com/en/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=26|place=http://www.turkishfederationuk.com/|publisher=Federation of Turkish Associations in the UK|isbn=|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304212612/http://www.turkishfederationuk.com/en/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=26 |date=2009-03-04 }} *{{Cite book|last=Hatay|first=Mete|year=2007|url=http://www.prio.no/upload/Is%20the%20Turkish%20Cypriot%20Population%20Shrinking.pdf|title=Is the Turkish Cypriot Population Shrinking?|place=http://www.prio.no/|publisher=International Peace Research Institute|isbn=978-82-7288-244-9|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515192502/http://www.prio.no/upload/Is%20the%20Turkish%20Cypriot%20Population%20Shrinking.pdf |date=2011-05-15 }} *{{citation |last1=Haviland|first1=William A.|last2=Prins|first2=Harald E. L.|last3=Walrath|first3=Dana|last4=McBride|first4=Bunny|author-link=|year=2010|title=Anthropology: The Human Challenge|place=|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=0495810843}}. *{{Cite book|last=Human Rights Watch|first=|author-link=|year=1993|title=Open Wounds: Human Rights Abuses in Kosovo |url=https://archive.org/details/openwoundshumanr0000unse|place=|publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=1564321312 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite book|last=Hunter|first=Shireen|author-link=|year=2002|title=Islam, Europe's second religion: the new social, cultural, and political landscape|url=https://archive.org/details/islameuropesseco0000unse|place=|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0275976092 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite book|last=Hüssein|first=Serkan|author-link=|year=2007|title=Yesterday & Today: Turkish Cypriots of Australia|place=|publisher=Serkan Hussein|isbn=0646477838 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite book|last=Karpat|first=Kemal H.|author-link=|year=2002|title=Studies on Ottoman social and political history: selected articles and essays |place=|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004121013 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite book|last=Karpat|first=Kemal H.|author-link=|year=2004|title=Studies on Turkish Politics and Society: Selected Articles and Essays |place=|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004133224 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite book|last1=Kaya|first1=Ayhan|last2=Kentel|first2=Ferhat|year=2007|title=Belgian-Turks A Bridge or a Breach between Turkey and the European Union?|url=http://www.kbs-frb.be/uploadedFiles/KBS-FRB/05)_Pictures,_documents_and_external_sites/09)_Publications/%20KBS%E2%80%A2Belgian-Turks%20GB_All%20in(1).pdf|place=http://www.kbs-frb.be/|publisher=King Baudouin Foundation|isbn=978-90-5130-587-6|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080626010313/http://www.kbs-frb.be/uploadedFiles/KBS-FRB/05)_Pictures,_documents_and_external_sites/09)_Publications/%20KBS%E2%80%A2Belgian-Turks%20GB_All%20in(1).pdf |date=2008-06-26 }} *{{Cite book|last1=Kibaroğlu|first1=Mustafa|last2=Kibaroğlu|first2=Ayșegül|last3=Halman|first3=Talât Sait|year=2009|title=Global security watch Turkey: A reference handbook|url=https://archive.org/details/globalsecuritywa0000kiba|place=|publisher= Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0313345600|ref= harv |postscript= <!--None-->}}. *{{Cite document|last=King Baudouin Foundation|first=|year=2008|url=http://www.kbs-frb.be/uploadedFiles/KBS-FRB/18)_Website_static_Content/Enews/International_newsletter_7_(May_2008).pdf|title=Turkish communities and the EU|place=http://www.kbs-frb.be/|publisher=King Baudouin Foundation|isbn=|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090225081535/http://www.kbs-frb.be/uploadedFiles/KBS-FRB/18)_Website_static_Content/Enews/International_newsletter_7_(May_2008).pdf |date=2009-02-25 }} *{{Cite book|last=Knowlton|first=MaryLee|author-link=|year=2005|title=Macedonia|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761418542|place=|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=0761418547 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{citation |last1=Kötter|first1=I|last2=Vonthein|first2=R|last3=Günaydin|first3=I|last4=Müller|first4=C|last5=Kanz|first5=L|last6=Zierhut |first6=M|last7=Stübiger|first7=N|year=2003|chapter=Behçet's Disease in Patients of German and Turkish Origin- A Comparative Study|title=Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Volume 528|editor-last=Zouboulis|editor-first=Christos (ed.)|place=|publisher=Springer|isbn=0306477572}}. *{{Cite book|last1= Laczko|first1= Frank|last2=Stacher|first2=Irene|last3=Klekowski von Koppenfels|first3=Amanda|year=2002|title= New challenges for Migration Policy in Central and Eastern Europe |url= https://archive.org/details/newchallengesfor0000unse_l8r6|place=|publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn= 906704153X |ref= harv |postscript= <!--None-->}}. *{{Cite book|last=Madianou|first=Mirca|year=2005|title=Mediating the nation: news, audiences and the politics of identity |place=|publisher=Routledge Cavendish|isbn=1844720284 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->}}. *{{Cite book|last=Migdal|first=Joel S.|author-link=|year=2004|title=Boundaries and belonging: states and societies in the struggle to shape identities and local practices|url=https://archive.org/details/boundariesbelong0000unse|place=|publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn= 0521835666|ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite document |last=ORSAM|first=|year=2010|url=http://www.orsam.org.tr/en/enUploads/Article/Files/2010110_sayi11_eng_web.pdf|title=The forgotten Turks : Turkmens of Lebanon|place=http://www.orsam.org.tr/en|publisher=Center for Middle-Eastern Strategic Studies|isbn= |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}} *{{Cite document|last=Oustinova-Stjepanovic|first=Galina|year=2008|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mariecuriesocanth/research_files/Poster_Oustinova.pdf|title=Religion and Politics of Sufi Turks in Macedonia A pre-field proposal|place=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/|publisher=University College London|isbn=|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014222122/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mariecuriesocanth/research_files/Poster_Oustinova.pdf |date=2012-10-14 }} *{{Cite journal|last=Özkaya|first=Abdi Noyan|year=2007|url=http://www.usak.org.tr/dosyalar/dergi/IdZgitj2V2vbuyxGGkzJnS8yvQqpT5.pdf|title=Suriye Kürtleri: Siyasi Etkisizlik ve Suriye Devleti’nin Politikaları|journal=Review of International Law and Politics|volume=2|issue=8|accessdate=2010-09-10|ref=harv|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714044446/http://www.usak.org.tr/dosyalar/dergi/IdZgitj2V2vbuyxGGkzJnS8yvQqpT5.pdf |date=2015-07-14 }} *{{Cite book|last=Park|first=Bill|year=2005|title=Turkey's policy towards northern Iraq: problems and perspectives|url=https://archive.org/details/turkeyspolicytow0000park|place=|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=0415382971|ref= harv |postscript= <!--None-->}}. *{{Cite book|last=Phinnemore|first=David|author-link=|year=2006|title=The EU and Romania: accession and beyond |url=https://archive.org/details/euromaniaaccessi0000unse|place=|publisher= The Federal Trust for Education & Research |isbn= 1903403782 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite document |last=TRNC PRIME MINISTRY STATE PLANNING ORGANIZATION|first=|year=2006|title=TRNC GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING UNIT CENSUS |url=http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Census%202006.pdf|place=http://www.pekem.org/|publisher=TRNC PRIME MINISTRY STATE PLANNING ORGANIZATION|isbn= |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}} *{{Cite book|last=Vachudová|first=Milada Anna|author-link=|year=2005|title=Europe undivided: democracy, leverage, and integration after communism |url=https://archive.org/details/europeundividedd0000vach|place=|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0199241198 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite document|last=Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi|first=|year=2008|title=İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu'num Hollanda Ziyareti (16-21 Haziran 2008)|url=http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/belge/kr_23hollanda.pdf|place=http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/|publisher=Grand National Assembly of Turkey|isbn=|ref=harv|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}} *{{Cite document|last=Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi|first=|year=2009|title=İnsan Haklarını İnceleme Komisyonu: Fransa Raporu|url=http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/belge/fransa_raporu.pdf|place=http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/|publisher=Grand National Assembly of Turkey|isbn=|ref=harv|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}} *{{Cite book|last1=Warrander|first1=Gail|last2=Knaus|first2=Verena|author-link=|year=2008|title=Bradt Travel Guide Kosovo|place=|publisher=Springer|isbn=0306477572 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *{{Cite document|last=Western Thrace Minority University Graduates Association|first=|year=2009|title=Western Thrace Turkish Minority|url=http://www.pekem.org/userfiles/Western_Thrace_Turkish_Minority_WTMUGA_July_2009.pdf|place=http://www.pekem.org/|publisher=Culture and Education Foundation of Western Thrace Minority|isbn=|ref=harv|postscript=<!--None-->}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727170653/http://www.pekem.org/userfiles/Western_Thrace_Turkish_Minority_WTMUGA_July_2009.pdf |date=2011-07-27 }} *{{Cite book|last=Zouboulis|first=Christos|author-link=|year=2003|title=Adamantiades-Behçet's Disease|url=https://archive.org/details/adamantiadesbehc0000inte|place=|publisher=Springer|isbn=0306477572 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}. *A Guide to Ottoman Bulgaria" by di mana Trankova, Anthony Géorgieff and Professor Hristo Matanov; published by Vagabond Media, Sofia, 2011 [http://www.vagabond.bg/ottomanbulgaria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115040440/http://www.vagabond.bg/ottomanbulgaria/ |date=2011-11-15 }} == Bacaan salajengna == <div class="references-small"> {{col-begin}} {{col-break|width=50%}} ;Urang Turki * {{Cite book |title = The Turkish People: Their Social Life, Religious Beliefs and Institutions and Domestic Life |first = Lucy M. J. |last = Garnett |publisher = Kessinger Publishing |year = 2004 |isbn = 1417947063 }} * {{Cite book |title = The Turks Today |url = https://archive.org/details/turkstoday00andr |first = Andrew |last = Mango |publisher = Overlook |year = 2004 |isbn = 1585676152 }} * {{Cite web |title = Who Are The Turks? |author = McCarthy, Justin & McCarthy Carolyn |publisher = The American Forum For Global Education |format = PDF |accessdate = 2008-07-11 |year = 2003 |url = http://www.ataturk.com/public_files/WhoAreTheTurksebook.pdf |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060311004007/http://www.ataturk.com/public_files/WhoAreTheTurksebook.pdf |archivedate = 2006-03-11 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911033541/http://www.ataturk.com/public_files/WhoAreTheTurksebook.pdf |date=2008-09-11 }} ;Sajarah * {{Cite book |title = Atatürk: First President and Founder of the Turkish Republic |url = https://archive.org/details/ataturkfirstpres0000atil |first = Yüksel| last = Atillasoy |publisher = Woodside House, Woodside, NY |year = 2002 |isbn = 978-0971235342 }} * {{Cite book |title = Lords of the Golden Horn: From Suleiman the Magnificent to Kemal Ataturk |url = https://archive.org/details/lordsofgoldenhor0000barb_d2o8 |first = Noel| last = Barber |publisher = Arrow, London |year = 1988 |isbn = 978-0099539506 }} * {{Cite book |title = The Turks in World History |url = https://archive.org/details/turksinworldhist0000find |first = Carter Vaughn| last = Findley |publisher = Oxford University Press, USA |year = 2004 |isbn = 0195177266 }} * {{Cite book |title = The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire |url = https://archive.org/details/ottomancenturies0000kinr_d1b1 |first = Patrick| last = Kinross |publisher = Morrow |year = 1977 |isbn = 0688030939 }} * {{Cite book |title = Ataturk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey |url = https://archive.org/details/ataturk0000mang_b0t1 |first = Andrew| last = Mango |publisher = Overlook |year = 2000 |isbn = 1585670111 }} *{{Cite book |last=Merriman |first=Roger Bigelow |title=Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520–1566 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1944 |oclc=784228 |isbn=1406772720}} * {{Cite book |title = History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey |url = https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman00stan |first = Stanford Jay| last = Shaw |coauthors = Kural Shaw, Ezel |publisher = Cambridge University Press |year = 1977 |isbn = 0521291631 }} ;Démografi * {{Cite book |title = Religion and Politics in Turkey |first = Ali |last = Çarkoǧlu |publisher = Routledge (UK) |year = 2004 |isbn = 0415348315 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=t5G_zw9exMQC&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&dq=Religion+in+Turkey}} * {{Cite book |title = The other languages of Europe: Demographic, Sociolinguistic and Educational Perspectives |first = Guus |last = Extra |coauthors = Gorter, Durk |publisher = Multilingual Matters |year = 2001 |isbn = 1853595098 |url= http://books.google.com/?id=hvmy_skUPNYC&pg=RA1-PA422&lpg=RA1-PA422&dq=%22ethnic+groups+in+turkey%22 }} * {{Cite web |title = 2000 Census, population by provinces and districts |author = Turkish Statistical Institute |publisher = Turkish Statistical Institute |format = XLS |accessdate = 2006-12-11 |year = 2000 |url = http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls }} {{col-break|width=50%}} ;Basa *{{Cite book |title=The Turks in World History |url=https://archive.org/details/turksinworldhist0000find |first=Carter V. |last=Findley |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-19-517726-6 }} *{{Cite book |title=Languages of the World, Third Edition |first=Kenneth|last=Katzner |publisher=Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd. |year=2002 |isbn=978-0415250047 }} *{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Geoffrey |authorlink=Geoffrey Lewis (Turkish scholar) |title=Turkish Grammar |url=https://archive.org/details/turkishgrammar0000lewi_f5f8 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-19-870036-9}} *{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Geoffrey |authorlink=Geoffrey Lewis (Turkish scholar) |title=The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002 |isbn=0-19-925669-1}} *{{Cite book |last=Nişanyan |first=Sevan |title=Sözlerin Soyağacı: Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimoloji Sözlüğü (Etymological Dictionary of Contemporary Turkish) |publisher=Adam Yayınları, Revised and Enlarged 3rd Edition |year=2007 |isbn=975-418-868-4}}{{tr icon}} *{{Cite book |last=Özsoy |first=A. Sumru |coauthors=Taylan, Eser E. (eds.) |title=Türkçe’nin ağızları çalıştayı bildirileri (Workshop on the dialects of Turkish) |publisher=[[Boğaziçi Üniversitesi]] Yayınevi |year=2000 |isbn=9755181407}}{{tr icon}} *{{Cite book |last=Soucek |first=Svat |title=A History of Inner Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofinneras00souc |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0521651691 }} ;Kasenian & Kabudayaan * {{Cite book |last= Andrews |first=Walter G |title= Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology |year= |publisher= |isbn= 0-2... |location=}} * {{Cite book |last= Aslanapa |first=Oktay |title=Turkish art and architecture |year=1971 |publisher= Faber |isbn= 0571087817 |location=London}} *{{Cite book |author=Bartok, Bela & Suchoff, Benjamin |title=Turkish Folk Music from Asia Minor (The New York Bartok Archive Studies in Musicology, No. 7) |url=https://archive.org/details/turkishfolkmusic0000bart |publisher=Princeton Univ Pr |year=1976 |isbn= 0-691-09120-X }} * {{Cite book |title = A History of Ottoman Architecture |url = https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman0000good_u7g7 |first = Godfrey |last = Goodwin |publisher = Thames & Hudson |year = 2003 |isbn = 0500274290 }} * {{Cite book |title = Social Theory and Later Modernities: The Turkish Experience |first = İbrahim |last = Kaya |publisher = Liverpool University Press |year = 2003 |isbn = 0853238987 |url = http://books.google.com/?id=0Iy7pJBRgjYC&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Turkish+culture }} *{{Cite book |author=Stokes, Martin |title=Sounds of Anatolia |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2000 |isbn= 1-85828-636-0}} {{col-end}} </div> {{-}} {{Turkish diaspora}} {{Turkic peoples}} {{European Muslims}} {{Immigration to Turkey}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Turki}} [[Kategori:Urang Turki| ]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Turki]] {{grup-étnis-stub}} lvq3sv29778ajah05rtf2ypol63m6hx Citakan:Country data Paléstina 10 37690 729452 458690 2026-09-27T09:56:15Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Paléstina | flag alias = Flag of Palestine.svg | flag alias-Mandate = Ensign of the Palestine Mandate (1927–1948).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | kategori = wewengkon anu dipersengkétakeun <noinclude> | templatename = Paléstina | var1 = Mandate | redir1 = PLE | redir2 = PSE | redir3 = Wewengkon Paléstina | redir4 = Palestine | redir5 = Tepi Kulon jeung Gaza | related1 = Otoritas Nasional Paléstina | related2 = Organisasi Pabébasan Paléstina | related3 = Mandat Britania pikeun Paléstina </noinclude> }} bo4rm34q5xipztjhuog1swf3lb8fafr 729458 729452 2026-09-27T11:09:51Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Paléstina | flag alias = Flag of Palestine.svg | flag alias-Mandate = Ensign of the Palestine Mandate (1927–1948).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | kategori = wewengkon anu dipaséakeun <noinclude> | templatename = Paléstina | var1 = Mandate | redir1 = PLE | redir2 = PSE | redir3 = Wewengkon Paléstina | redir4 = Palestine | redir5 = Tepi Kulon jeung Gaza | related1 = Otoritas Nasional Paléstina | related2 = Organisasi Pabébasan Paléstina | related3 = Mandat Britania pikeun Paléstina </noinclude> }} tlre9kukpurtfhivmfx9w8gpfwfqwbr Urang Azerbaijan 0 37714 729339 711679 2026-09-27T01:51:34Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tangtayungantianon}} {{Redirect|Azeri}} {{About|grup étnis Azerbaijan|analisis populasi [[Azerbaijan|Républik Azerbaijan]]|Démografi Azerbaijan}} {{Kotak info grup étnis |group = Azerbaijan<br/>''Azərbaycanlılar, Azərilər''<br/><big>آذربایجانلیلار ,آذری لر </big> |population = kira-kira 22–35 yuta<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-clusters.php?peo2=126 |title=Azerbaijani |publisher=Joshua Project|accessdate=24 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=YJwsAQAAIAAJ&dq=30+million+South+Azerbaijan&q=30-35 |title=The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East|author=[[Avraham Sela|Sela, Avraham]]|publisher=Continuum|year=2002|isbn=0-8264-1413-3|page=197|quote=30–35 million}}</ref> |image = |region1 = {{flagcountry|Iran}} |pop1 = 11,2 nepi ka 30 yuta |ref1 = <ref name="Library of Congress Iran">{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf|title=Country Profile: Iran|publisher=Federal Research Division Library of Congress|date=May 2008|accessdate=13 January 2012|quote=16% of 70 million [11.2 million]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050226190617/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf|archivedate=26 February 2005}}</ref><ref name="CIA Iran">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html#People|title=Iran|work=CIA: The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|date=14 November 2011|accessdate=13 January 2012|quote=16% of 77,891,220 [12.5 million]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html#People |date=3 February 2012 }}</ref><ref name="dictionary">{{cite book|author=Swietochowski, Tadeusz; Collins, Brian C.|year=1999|title=Historical dictionary of Azerbaijan|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_P8-DIJ-131|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=0-8108-3550-9|quote=15 million (1999)}}</ref>{{rp|28}}<ref name="tft">{{cite web|url=http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf|author=Terror Free Tomorrow|title=Results of a New Nationwide Public Opinion Survey of Iran before the June 12, 2009 Presidential Elections|date=May 2009|publisher=[[New America Foundation]]|quote=21.6% of 70,495,782 [15.2 million]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z |last=Minahan |first=James |year=2002 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |location= |isbn=978-0-313-32384-3 |page=1765 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Zu5GpDby9H0C&pg=PA1765 |quote=Approximately (2002e) 18,500,000 Southern Azeris in Iran, concentrated in the northwestern provinces of East and West Azerbaijan. It is difficult to determine the exact number of Southern Azeris in Iran, as official statistics are not published detailing Iran's ethnic structure. Estimates of the Southern Azeri population range from as low as 12 million up to 40% of the population of Iran – that is, nearly 27 million.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Brenda Shaffer|author=Shaffer, Brenda|year=2003|title=Borders and Brethren: Iran and the Challenge of Azerbaijani Identity|url=https://archive.org/details/bordersbrethreni0000shaf|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bordersbrethreni0000shaf/page/221 221]–225|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=0-262-19477-5|quote=There is considerable lack of consensus regarding the number of Azerbaijanis in Iran&nbsp;... Azerbaijani student groups in Iran claim that there are 27 million Azerbaijanis residing in Iran.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=HxItAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Southern+Azerbaijan%22+30+million&dq=%22Southern+Azerbaijan%22+30+million |title=Turkey-Iran relations, 1979–2004: revolution, ideology, war, coups and geopolitics|author=Olson, Robert W.|publisher=Mazda|year=2004|isbn=1-56859-114-4|page=76|quote=... in Ankara, Johragani denounced 'Persian' chauvinism and Iran's violation of human rights against the '30 million Azeris of Iran'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=7T0OAQAAMAAJ&q=southern+azerbaijan+%2230+million%22&dq=southern+azerbaijan+%2230+million%22|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, Volume 1|author=[[Keith Brown (linguist)|Brown, E. K.]]; Asher, R. E.; Simpson, J. M. Y.|edition=2|year=2006|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=0-08-044299-4|page=635|quote=Azerbaijani speakers in Iran are more numerous than those in Azerbaijan (13 to 30 million in northern Iran, 6 million in the Republic of Azerbaijan).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mVQdN7Ryu4YC&pg=PA157|chapter=Promoting Cooperation and Integration in the Wider Black Sea Area|author=Alieva, Leila|title=Establishing security and stability in the wider Black Sea area: international politics and the new and emerging democracies|page=157|work=NATO Science for Peace and Security, Volume 26: Human and societal dynamics|editors=Volten, Peter M. E.; Tashev, Blagovest|publisher=IOS Press|year=2007|isbn=1-58603-765-X|quote=... large number of Azerbaijanis (30 million in northern Iran and 8 million in present Azerbaijan),&nbsp;...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA79|authors=Stokes, Jamie; Gorman, Anthony|year=2008|title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1|page=79|publisher=Infobase|isbn=978-1-4381-2676-0|quote=... 32 million people in Iran...}}</ref> |region2 = {{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}} |pop2 = 8.172.800 |ref2 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/AP_/1_5.xls|title=Population by ethnic groups|date=2009|publisher=The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan|accessdate=17 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130101713/http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/AP_/1_5.xls|archivedate=30 November 2012}}</ref> |region3 = {{flagcountry|Irak}} |pop3 = 600.000 nepi ka 1.000.000 |ref3 = <ref name="ethnologue">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=azb|title=Azerbaijani, South|author=Lewis, M. Paul|year=2009|work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition.|publisher=SIL International|accessdate=29 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Leeuw">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sNoP1zphWf8C&pg=PA19|title=Azerbaijan: a quest for identity : a short history|author=van der Leeuw, Charles|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2000|isbn=978-0-312-21903-1|page=19}}</ref> |region4 = {{flagcountry|Rusia}} |pop4 = 621.800 nepi ka 1.500.000 |ref4 = <ref name="Leeuw"/><ref name="Russian Census">{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/content.html?id=11&docid=10715289081463|title=Итоги переписи|work=2002 census|date=2004|publisher=Russian Federation State Statistics Service|accessdate=17 January 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026071812/http://www.perepis2002.ru/content.html?id=11&docid=10715289081463 |date=26 October 2009 }}</ref> |region5 = {{flagcountry|Turki}} |pop5 = 530.000 nepi ka 2.500.000 |ref5 = <ref name="ethnologue"/><ref name="Leeuw"/> |region6 = {{flagcountry|Géorgia}} |pop6 = 284.761 nepi ka 500.000 |ref6 = <ref name="Leeuw"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/census/2002/03%20Ethnic%20Composition.pdf|format=pdf|title=Ethnic groups by major administrative-territorial units|publisher=National Statistics Office of Georgia|work=2002 census|accessdate=17 January 2012}}</ref> |region7 = {{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}} |pop7 = 78.295 |ref7 = <ref name=unstats>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybcensus/V2_table4.xls|title=Population by national and/or ethnic group, sex and urban/rural residence|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|accessdate=17 January 2012}}</ref> |region8 = {{flagcountry|Ukraina}} |pop8 = 45.200 |ref8 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/|title=About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001|work=Ukraine Census 2001|publisher=State Statistics Committee of Ukraine|accessdate=17 January 2012}}</ref> |region9 = {{flagcountry|Uzbékistan}} |pop9 = 44.400 |ref9 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arbuz.com/Umid/Main/Uzbekistan/Population/population.html|title=The National Structure of the Republic of Uzbekistan|date=1989|publisher=Umid World|accessdate=17 January 2012}}</ref> |region10 = {{flagcountry|Turkménistan}} |pop10 = 33.365 |ref10 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php?reg=14|title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР|work=Демоскоп Weekly|language=Russian|issue=493–494|date=1–22 January 2012|accessdate=17 January 2012}}</ref> |region11 = {{flagcountry|Walanda}} |pop11 = 18.000 |ref11 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.az/eng/downloads/bilaterial/Netherlands.pdf|format=pdf|title=The Kingdom of the Netherlands: Bilateral relations: Diaspora|publisher=Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs|date=|accessdate=17 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706131529/http://mfa.gov.az/eng/downloads/bilaterial/Netherlands.pdf|archivedate=6 July 2011}}</ref> |region12 = {{flagcountry|Kirgizstan}} |pop12 = 17.823 |ref12 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf|format=pdf|title=5.01.00.03 Национальный состав населения|publisher=National Statistical Committee of Kyrgyz Republic|date=2011|language=Russian|accessdate=17 January 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113151445/http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf |date=13 November 2013 }}</ref> |region13 = {{flagcountry|Jérman}} |pop13 = 15.219 |ref13 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/EN/Content/Statistics/Bevoelkerung/AuslaendischeBevoelkerung/Tabellen/Content100/AlterAufenthaltsdauer,property=file.xls|title=Foreign population on 31.12.2006 by citizenship and selected characteristics|publisher=Federal Statistical Office (Destatis)|accessdate=3 February 2012}}</ref> |region14 = {{flagcountry|Britania Raya}} |pop14 = 15.000 |ref14 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/az3/AzeriVoice/newsletter2.doc|author=Oguz-Gassanly, Murad|title=Azeri Diaspora. The Case of the United Kingdom|date=2001|work=Azeri Voice|accessdate=17 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033238/http://www.angelfire.com/az3/AzeriVoice/newsletter2.doc|archivedate=2 May 2014}}</ref> |region15 = {{flagcountry|Bélarus}} |pop15 = 6.362 |ref15 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/census/p5.php|title=Population Census 1999|publisher=National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus|accessdate=18 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112035908/http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/census/p5.php|archivedate=12 January 2012}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921155352/http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/census/p5.php |date=21 September 2010 }}</ref> |region16 ={{flagcountry|Amérika Sarikat}} |pop16 = 5.553 |ref16 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/ancestry/ancestry_q_by_DAC_2000.xls|title=First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=18 January 2012}} This number includes both primary and secondary ancestry.</ref> |region17 = {{flagcountry|Kanada}} |pop17 = 3.465 |ref17 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000|title=Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data|date=10 June 2010|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=18 January 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211144718/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |date=11 December 2020 }} In the 2006 census, 1,480 people indicated 'Azeri'/'Azerbaijani' as a single response and 1,985 as part of multiple origins.</ref> |region18 = {{flagcountry|Latvia}} |pop18 = 1.697 |ref18 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecmi.de/uploads/tx_lfpubdb/report_8.pdf|format=pdf|title=Accession to the European Union and National Integration in Estonia and Latvia|author=Poleshchuk, Vadim|date=March 2001|accessdate=18 January 2012|quote=232 citizens|publisher=European Center for Minority Issues}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302212931/http://www.ecmi.de/uploads/tx_lfpubdb/report_8.pdf |date=2 March 2011 }}</ref> |region19 = {{flagcountry|Austria}} |pop19 = 1.000 |ref19 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.az/eng/downloads/bilaterial/Austria.pdf|format=pdf|publisher=Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs|title=The Republic of Austria: Bilateral relations|accessdate=18 January 2012}}</ref> |region20 = {{flagcountry|Estonia}} |pop20 = 880 |ref20 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=PC226&ti=POPULATION+BY+ETHNIC+NATIONALITY%2C+COMMAND+OF+FOREIGN+LANGUAGES+AND+CITIZENSHIP&path=../I_Databas/Population_census/08Ethnic_nationality._Mother_tongue._Command_of_foreign_languages/&lang=1|title=Population Census of 2000|publisher=Statistics Estonia|accessdate=19 January 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322001556/http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=PC226&ti=POPULATION+BY+ETHNIC+NATIONALITY%2C+COMMAND+OF+FOREIGN+LANGUAGES+AND+CITIZENSHIP&path=..%2FI_Databas%2FPopulation_census%2F08Ethnic_nationality._Mother_tongue._Command_of_foreign_languages%2F&lang=1 |date=22 March 2012 }} Select "Azerbaijani" under "Ethnic nationality".</ref> |region21 = {{flagcountry|Lituania}} |pop21 = 788 |ref21 = <ref name=unstats/> |languages = [[basa Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] |religions = Utamina [[Islam Syiah]]; minoritas [[Islam Sunni]], [[Kristen]], [[Bahá'í]], jeung [[Zoroastrianisme]] |related = [[Masarakat Turk]], [[Urang Iran]], [[Masarakat Kaukasus]] }} {{Azerbaijan}} '''Urang Azerbaijan''' ({{lang-az|Azərbaycanlılar, Азәриләр}}, <big> آذری لر </big>) atanapi '''Azarbaijan'''<ref name="Library of Congress Iran"/> nyaéta [[masarakat Turk]] ngeusian utamina [[Iran]] kalér-kulon jeung [[Azerbaijan|Républik Azerbaijan]], ogé dina nagara sadeukeutannana saperti, [[Géorgia]], [[Rusia]] ([[Dagéstan]]) jeung (baheulana) [[Arménia]]. Urang Azerbaijan utamina [[Muslim]] [[Syiah]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Russia & Eurasia Facts & Figures Annual|author=Robertson, Lawrence R.|year=2002|publisher=Academic International Press|isbn=0-87569-199-4|page=210|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ye1oAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name="eb">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46833/Azerbaijani|title=Azerbaijani (people)|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=24 January 2012}}</ref> sarta miboga jujutan kabudayaan campuran kaasup tina unsur Turk, Iranik<ref name="roy">{{cite book|author=Roy, Olivier|authorlink=Olivier Roy (professor)|year=2007|title=The new Central Asia |url=http://books.google.com/?id=-eMcn6Ik1v0C&pg=PA7#PPA6,M1 |publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-84511-552-4|page=6|quote=The mass of the Oghuz who crossed the Amu Darya towards the west left the Iranian plateaux, which remained Persian, and established themselves more to the west, in Anatolia. Here they divided into Ottomans, who were Sunni and settled, and Turkmens, who were nomads and in part Shiite (or, rather, Alevi). The latter were to keep the name 'Turkmen' for a long time: from the 13th century onwards they 'Turkised' the Iranian populations of Azerbaijan (who spoke west Iranian languages such as Tat, which is still found in residual forms), thus creating a new identity based on Shiism and the use of Turkish. These are the people today known as Azeris.}}</ref>, jeung [[masarakat Kaukasus|Kaukasus]]. Sanggeus Perang Ruso-Pérsia [[Perang Rusia-Pérsia (1804–1813)|1813]] jeung [[Perang Rusia-Pérsia (1826–1828)|1828]], wewengkon [[dinasti Qajar|Kakaisaran Pérsia Qajar]] di Kaukasus dipasihan ka [[Kakaisaran Rusia]] sarta [[Pajangjian Gulistan]] dina 1813 sareng [[Pajangjian Turkmenchay]] dina 1828 nyusun wates-wates antara Czar Rusia jeung Qajar Iran.<ref>{{cite book|author=Harcave, Sidney|year=1968|title=Russia: A History: Sixth Edition|publisher=Lippincott|page=267}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Mojtahed-Zadeh, Pirouz|year=2007|title=Boundary Politics and International Boundaries of Iran: A Study of the Origin, Evolution, and Implications of the Boundaries of Modern Iran with Its 15 Neighbors in the Middle East by a Number of Renowned Experts in the Field|publisher=Universal|isbn=1-58112-933-5|page=372}}</ref> ==Tingali ogé== * [[Ngaran Azerbaijan]] * [[Daptar inohong Azerbaijan]] ==Catetan jeung rujukan== {{Reflist}} ==Tumbu kaluar== * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1235976.stm BBC News: Azerbaijan country profile] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/azeri/ BBC Azeri] {{az icon}} * [http://www.azeri.net/Azerbaijan/index.html/ Azeri.net] * [http://AZER.com/ Azerbaijan International] {{Turkic peoples}} {{Ethnic groups in Iran}} {{European Muslims}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Azerbaijan}} [[Kategori:Urang Azerbaijan| ]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Wétan Tengah]] {{grup-étnis-stub}} hvm9dtxoxwg7is9jlbckdqn5xwd1bu8 Organisasi Sabilulungan Ékonomi Laut Hideung 0 38168 729241 710598 2026-09-26T19:12:16Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|BSEC}} {{Infobox Organization | name = Organisasi Sabilulungan Ékonomi Laut Hideung | image = Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) logo.png | size = 166px | type = Organisasai gawé bareng ékonomi | headquarters = [[Istanbul]], [[Turki]] | membership_type = Nagara anggota | membership = {{flagicon|Albania|size=15px}} [[Albania]] <br>{{flagicon|Armenia|size=15px}} [[Arménia]] <br>{{flagicon|Azerbaijan|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijan]] <br>{{flagicon|Bulgaria|size=15px}} [[Bulgaria]] <br>{{flagicon|Georgia|size=15px}} [[Géorgia]] <br>{{flagicon|Moldova|size=15px}} [[Moldova]] <br>{{flagicon|Romania|size=15px}} [[Romania]] <br>{{flagicon|Russia|size=15px}} [[Rusia]] <br>{{flagicon|Serbia|size=15px}} [[Sérbia]] <br>{{flagicon|Turkey|size=15px}} [[Turki]] <br>{{flagicon|Ukraine|size=15px}} [[Ukraina]] <br>{{flagicon|Greece|size=15px}} [[Yunani]] | leader_title = Sékrétaris Jéndral | leader_name = [[Image:Flag of Greece.svg|border|15px]] [[Leonidas Chrysanthopoulos]] | formation = [[4 Juni]] [[1992]] | website = <div class="plainlinksneverexpand">http://www.bsec-organization.org/</div> }} Dina 25 Juni 1992, Pupuhu Nagara jeung Pamaréntahan ti 11 nagara nandatangan di Déklarasi panglawungan [[Istanbul]] jeung '''Pernyataan [[Bosporus]]''' ngahasilkeun dibentukna '''Sabilulungan Ékonomi [[Laut Hideung]]'''. == Kaanggotaan == [[Image:BSEC Map.png|thumb|450px| {{legend|#00CCFF|Nagara anggota}} {{legend|#218608|Nagara panénjo}}]] '''Anggota''': * {{flag|Albania}} * {{flag|Arménia}} * {{flag|Azerbaijan}} * {{flag|Bulgaria}} * {{flag|Géorgia}} * {{flag|Moldova}} * {{flag|Romania}} * {{flag|Rusia}} * {{flagcountry|Sérbia}}{{ref|SCG}} * {{flag|Turki}} * {{flag|Ukraina}} * {{flag|Yunani}} Kaanggotaan heunteu diwatesan ka nagara basisireun [[Laut Hideung]] hungkul. Albania, Arménia, Azerbaijan, Yunani, Moldova, jeung Sérbia sanés basisireun Laut Hideung. Pangajuan [[Monténegro]] divéto ku Yunani sanggeus Turki ngavéto pangajuan [[Siprus|Républik Siprus]], ngakibatkeun Yunani heunteu nyatujuan pangajuan nagara nanaon jagana<ref name="Zaman">{{cite news | first=Suleyman | last=Kurt | title=Montenegro Denied BSEC Membership Because of Turkish-Greek Rift | publisher=Zaman | date=2006-06-11 | url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=37983 | format= | language= | accessdate=2008-02-23 | quote=In retaliation to Turkey’s move to veto the application filed by the Greek Cypriot Administration, Greece opposed all BSEC membership applications in protest, including Montenegro’s. }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930204157/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=37983 |date=2007-09-30 }}</ref>. '''Nagara panénjo''': * {{flag|Amérika Sarikat}} * {{flag|Austria}} * {{flag|Bélarus}} * {{flag|Céko}} * {{flag|Israél}} * {{flag|Italia}} * {{flag|Kroasia}} * {{flag|Jérman}} * {{flag|Mesir}} * {{flag|Perancis}} * {{flag|Polandia}} * {{flag|Slovakia}} * {{flag|Tunisia}} '''Organisasi panénjo'': * [[Klub Laut Hideung Internasional]] * Sékrétariat [[Piagam Énergi]] * [[Komisi Laut Hideung]] * [[Komisi Komunitas Éropa]] * [[Yayasan Panalungtikan Strategis jeung Sosial Grup Marmara]] ==Tingali ogé== * [[Forum Laut Hideung]] * [[Bank Padagangan jeung Pamekaran Laut Hideung]] == Catetan == <div class="references-small"> {{note|SCG}}Ngagabung salaku {{flag|Sérbia jeung Monténégro}} dina April 2004<ref name="joinSCG">{{cite web | author = Permanent International Secretariat | title = About BSEC | publisher = Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) | url = http://www.bsec-organization.org/main.aspx?ID=About_BSEC | accessdate = 2009-05-29 | quote = With the accession of Serbia and Montenegro in April 2004, the Organization’s Member States increased to twelve. | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928091304/http://www.bsec-organization.org/main.aspx?ID=About_BSEC | archivedate = 2007-09-28}}</ref>; Sanggeus peupeusna nagara éta dina 2006, kaanggotaanna diteraskeun ku Sérbia<ref name="SCGcharter">{{cite web | author = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia | title = Constitutional Charter of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro: Article 60 - Breaking Away from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro | url = http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Facts/const_scg.pdf |format= PDF | accessdate = 2008-02-23 | quote = Should Montenegro break away from the state union of Serbia and Montenegro, the international instruments pertaining to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, particularly UN SC Resolution 1244, would concern and apply in their entirety to Serbia as the successor. }}</ref>.</div> ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} * [http://www.bsec-organization.org/ Ramatloka] {{Organisasi Sabilulungan Ékonomi Laut Hideung}} [[Kategori:Organisasi nu ngadeg taun 1992]] [[Kategori:Organisasi ékonomi internasional]] [[Kategori:Panénjo Majelis Umum Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] [[Kategori:Laut Hideung]] q9f73jay80vegiuob17r5zqtmt0z7jk Sultan bin Abdul Aziz 0 38453 729310 661794 2026-09-27T00:10:49Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox royalty | type = | name = Sultan bin Abdul Aziz As-Saud<br />سلطان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود | native name = سلطان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود | title = [[Putra Makuta]]<br />[[Députi Perdana Mentri|Déouti Perdana Mentri Hiji]]<br />[[Mentri Patahanan]] [[Dirgantara|jeung Dirgantara]] [[Inspéktur Jéndral|jeung Inspéktur Jéndral]] | titletext = | more = | image = Prince_Sultan_bin_Abdulaziz_02.jpg | alt = | caption = '''Pangéran Sultan''' di [[Gedong Bodas]] |succession1 = [[Putra Makuta]] [[Saudi Arabia]] |reign1 = [[1 Agustus]] [[2005]] – [[21 Oktober]] [[2011]] |reign-type1 = Tenure |reg-type1 = Monarch |regent1 = [[Abdullah ti Saudi Arabia|Raja Abdullah]] |predecessor1 = [[Abdullah ti Saudi Arabia|Pangéran Abdullah]] |successor1= [[Nayef, Putra Makuta Saudi Arabia|Pangéran Nayef]] |succession2 = [[Députi Perdana Mentri|Députi Perdana Mentri Dua]] |reign2 = 13 Juni 1982 &ndash; 1 Agustus 2005 |reign-type2 = Tenure |reg-type2 = Monarch |regent2 = Raja Abdullah |predecessor2 = [[Abdullah ti Saudi Arabia|Pangéran Abdullah]] |successor2 = [[Nayef, Putra Makuta Saudi Arabia|Pangéran Nayef]] |succession3 = [[Angkatan Pakarang Saudi Arabia|Mentri Patahanan jeung Dirgantara jeung Inspéktur Jéndral]] |reign3 = 1962 - 22 Oktober 2012 |reign-type3 = Tenure |reg-type3 = Monarch |regent3 = Raja Abdullah |predecessor3 = Badr bin Saud bin Abdul Aziz |successor3 = [[Salman bin Abdul Aziz|Pangéran Salman]] |deputy = [[Turki II bin Abdul Aziz As-Saud|Pangéran Turki II]]<br/>[[Abdurahman bin Abdul Aziz As-Saud|Pangéran Abdurahman]] | spouse = | spouse-type = | issue-link = | issue-pipe = | full name = Sultan bin Abdul Aziz bin Abdurahman bin Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Saud | Nickname = [[Sultan]] kahadéan | house = [[Wangsa Saud]] | father = [[Ibnu Saud ti Saudi Arabia|Raja Abdul Aziz]] | mother = [[Hessa Ahmad As-Sudayri|Hessa binti Ahmad As-Sudairi]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1930|12|30|df=yes}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|10|21|1930|12|30|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Riyadh]], [[Karajaan Najd jeung Hijaz]] | death_place = {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Kota New York|New York]], [[Amérika Sarikat]] | burial_date = 25 Oktober 2011 | burial_place = Pamakaman Al Oud, Riyadh | signature = | religion = [[Islam]] }} '''Sultan bin Abdul Aziz As-Saud''' ({{lahirmati|[[Riyadh]]|30|12|1930|[[Kota New York|New York]]|21|10|2011}}) ({{lang-ar|سلطان بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود}}), atanapi ''Sultan Al-Khair'' ([[Arabic]]: سلطان الخير, ''[[Sultan]] kahadéan'') nyaéta Putra Makuta [[Saudi Arabia]] ti 2005 nepi ka 2011. ==Tumbu kaluar== {{Portalbox|Saudi Arabia|Biography|Politics}} {{Commons category|Sultan bin Abdul Aziz As Saud}} * [http://www.saudinf.com/main/b472.htm Saudi Info website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111222131/http://www.saudinf.com/main/b472.htm |date=2020-01-11 }} * [http://www.psipw.org/ Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water – Official Website] * [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/32968774-4B27-4A5B-9C72-B0B382948A24.htm King Fahd's death, succession] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201219190857/http://www.mofa.gov.sa/Detail.asp?InNewsItemID=34437 Ministry of Foreign Affairs] * [http://www.sultanfoundation.org/Pages.aspx?id=1 Sultan bin Abdulaziz al Saud Foundation] {{start box}} {{succession box | before=[[Nasser bin Abdul Aziz]] | after= [[Nayef bin Abdul Aziz As-Saud]] | title=Gubernur Riyadh | years=1947–1952}} {{succession box | before=[[Abdullah ti Saudi Arabia|Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz As-Saud]] | after= [[Nayef bin Abdul Aziz As-Saud]] | title=Dqzputi Perdana Mentri Dua Saudi Arabia kadua | years= 1982&nbsp;– 27 Maret 2009}} {{succession box | before=[[Abdullah ti Saudi Arabia|Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz As-Saud]] | after= [[Nayef bin Abdul Aziz As-Saud]] | title=Putra Makuta jeung Dqxzputi Perdana Mentri Hiji Saudi Arabia | years= 1 Agustus 2005&nbsp;– 27 Oktober 2011 }} {{end box}} {{Contains Arabic text}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sultan Bin Abdul Aziz As Saud}} [[Kategori:Wangsa Saud]] [[Kategori:Pulitikeus Arab]] [[Kategori:Mentri pamaréntahan Saudi Arabia]] [[Kategori:Gubernur propinsi di Saudi Arabia]] [[Kategori:Anggota karajaan ti Wétan Tengah]] {{nagara-bio-stub|Saudi Arabia}} o8am7t2h8jhtxjt4a6lqik3s64blb5h Pamilihan umum kotamadya Saudi Arabia 2005 0 38478 729243 706391 2026-09-26T19:34:19Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Politics of Saudi Arabia}} '''Pamilihan umum kotamadya''' pikeun 178 kotamadya dilaksanakeun di [[Saudi Arabia]] antawis 10 Pébruari jeung 21 April 2005. Pamilu ieu dilaksanakeun dina 3 tahap: nu kahiji dina 10 Pébruari di sabundeureun ibu kota, [[Riyadh]], nu kadua di [[Propinsi Wétan, Saudi Arabia|wétan]] jeung kidul-kulon dina 3 Maret, sarta nu katilu, di kalér, dina 21 April.<ref name=CNN01>[http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/02/10/saudi.elections/index.html "Saudi Arabia holds municipal elections"], CNN, 10 Pébruari 2005.</ref><ref>Ménoret, Pascal, [http://arab-reform.net/IMG/pdf/EN_saudi__final.pdf "The Municipal Elections in Saudi Arabia 2005: First Steps on a Democratic Path"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919123006/http://www.arab-reform.net/IMG/pdf/EN_saudi__final.pdf |date=2011-09-19 }}, Arab Reform Initiative, [http://arab-reform.net/spip.php?page=recherche&recherche=menoret 27 Désémber 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330231156/http://www.arab-reform.net/spip.php?page=recherche&recherche=menoret |date=2012-03-30 }}. Ditarima 2011-09-25.</ref> ==Rujukan== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="pbs2005election">{{cite news | first= | last= | pages= | language= | title=Interview Dr. Hatoon al-Fassi | date=2004-12-10 | publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] | url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saud/interviews/alfassi.html | accessdate=2011-05-29 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522211114/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saud/interviews/alfassi.html | archivedate=2011-05-22 | deadurl=no }}</ref> }} {{Saudi Arabian elections}} [[Kategori:Pamilu di Asia taun 2005]] [[Kategori:Saudi Arabia taun 2005]] [[Kategori:Pamilu di Saudi Arabia]] {{Asia-election-stub}} {{SaudiArabia-gov-stub}} bihw7h75nqo4dno4s41brqku58cj5j3 Perang Surabaya 0 38746 729266 711761 2026-09-26T20:29:47Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Perang Surabaya | partof = [[Révolusi Nasional Indonésia]] | image = [[file:Bung Tomo.jpg|300px]] | caption = [[Bung Tomo]] nuju méré sumanget ka para pajoang. | date = 27 Oktober – 20 Nopémber 1945 | place = [[Surabaya]], [[Jawa Wétan]] | result = Kameunangan militér Britania Raya; Kameunangan moral Indonésia. | combatant1 = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]] | combatant2 = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Britania Raya]] | commander1 = [[Gubernur Suryo]]<br>[[Bung Tomo]] | commander2 = [[A.W.S. Mallaby]] †<br>[[Robert Mansergh]] | strength1 = 20.000 TKR & 100.000 Laskar | strength2 = 30.000 tentara | casualties1 = 6.000 – 16.000 gugur | casualties2 = 600 – 2.000 gugur }} '''Perang Surabaya''' nyaéta [[perang]] rongkah antara milisi sarta pajoang pro-kamerdékaan Indonésia ngalawan tentara Inggris. Puncakna ieu perang lumangsung dina bulan Nopémber 1945. Sangkilang perlawanan ti pihak Républik kacida kuatna, tentara Inggris-India —anu ku urang sok disebut tentara Gurka— sacara militér unggul sarta hasil nalukeun [[Surabaya]] pikeun kapentingan Walanda. Sanajan kitu, perang ieu janten perang pangrongkahna dina sajarah perjuangan bangsa Indonésia sarta janten simbol perlawanan nasional.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} Ningali perlawanan rahayat anu sakitu tohpatina, perang ieu méré kontribusi anu gedé pikeun Indonésia. Saatos kajadian ieu, dukungan internasional pikeun kamerdékaan Indonésia beuki ngagedéan sarta muka panon dunya ngeunaan kaayaan di Nusantara. Kiwari, unggal tanggal [[10 Nopémber]] dipiéling salaku [[Poé Pahlawan]] pikeun ngahormatan jasa para pajoang anu gugur di Surabaya. == Sajarah sarta Jalanna Perang == Nalika pasukan Sekutu ([[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]]) badarat di [[Surabaya]] dina ahir bulan Oktober 1945, para pamuda di ieu kota dipikawanoh miboga sumanget anu kuat sarta ngahiji.{{sfn|Parrott}} Perang rongkah bitu nalika 6.000 tentara Gurka (bagian tina [[British Indian Army]]) anjog ka kota kalayan maksud rék ngabébaskeun tawanan perang urang Éropa. Saatos panglima Inggris, Brigadir [[Aubertin Walter Sothern Mallaby|A.W.S. Mallaby]], palastra dina tanggal 30 Oktober,{{sfn|Parrott}} tentara Inggris ngayakeun serangan rongkah dina tanggal 10 Nopémber kalayan dibantuan ku serangan udara. Sanajan kota tiasa dikawasa ku pasukan Sekutu dina tilu dinten, para pajoang Républik anu kirang pakarang tiasa terus mertahankeun diri dugi ka tilu minggu lilana. Salian ti éta, rébuan pajoang gugur nalika rahayat Surabaya ngungsi ninggalkeun kota. == Dampak Perang == Sanajan dina ieu perang pihak Républik éléh sacara militér sarta ngalaman karugian anu ageung, boh dina hal pakarang boh sumber daya manusa, perjuangan ieu mawa pangaruh anu gedé kana jalanna révolusi. Perang Surabaya ngahasilkeun naékna dukungan internasional pikeun Indonésia. Pikeun pihak Walanda, ieu kajadian ngayakinkeun yén Républik Indonésia téh bener-bener aya sarta dirojong ku sakuliah rahayat, sanés ngan saukur gerakan sakelompok jalma. Salian ti éta, perang ieu ogé ngayakinkeun pihak Inggris yén kacida pentingna pikeun milih sikep netral dina konflik Indonésia-Walanda.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} Faktana, dina sababaraha taun saatosna, Inggris anu tadina janten lawan dina Perang Surabaya, malik ngarojong kamerdékaan Indonésia di forum PBB. == Kasang Tukang == Dina tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, [[Soekarno]] sareng [[Mohammad Hatta|Hatta]] ngumumkeun kamerdékaan Indonésia ngaliwatan Proklamasi Kamerdékaan Indonésia di [[Jakarta]], dua dinten saatos [[Kaisar]] Jepang taluk ka [[Sekutu]]. Nalika béja kamerdékaan ieu nyebar ka sakuliah nagri, rahayat Indonésia ngarasa merdéka sarta ngarojong pisan kana ngadegna Républik.{{sfn|Ricklefs|pp=214–215}} Dina sababaraha minggu, Indonésia ngalaman kaayaan kosongna kakawasaan (vakum), boh tina pihak pangjajah boh ti pihak Républik sorangan. Hal ieu ngakibatkeun kaayaan anu teu tangtu, nanging méré kasempetan pikeun pajoang lokal pikeun ngukuhkeun kakawasaan.{{sfn|Friend|p=32}} Dina tanggal 19 Séptémber 1945, sakelompok urang Walanda anu disokong ku Jepang naékeun bandéra Walanda di luhur Hotél Yamato di [[Surabaya]], [[Jawa Wétan]]. Ieu hal ngabalukarkeun pajoang sarta laskar-laskar Indonésia ngamuk, anu saterusna nyerang éta hotél. Dina éta kajadian, bandéra Walanda diturunkeun, tuluy bagian warna biruna disoék sarta ditaékeun deui janten bandéra Indonésia (Beureum-Bodas).{{sfn|Toer|1999|p=173}} Pamingpin grup Walanda, nyaéta Pluegman, tiwas dina éta karusuhan.{{sfn|Toer|1999|p=173}} [[File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1962 - Colnect 260648 - Dr Soetomo 1888-1938.jpeg|Bung Tomo |thumb|upright| [[Bung Tomo]] di [[Surabaya]], salah sahiji pamingpin révolusi kharismatik Indonésia. aya dina prangko.{{sfn|Frederick|1982|pp=127–128}}]] Komandan senior Jepang di Surabaya, Laksamana Madya Shibata Yaichiro, nyokong ka Républik sarta méré aksés pakarang pikeun para laskar.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} Dina tanggal 3 Oktober, anjeunna nyerah ka kaptén Angkatan Laut Walanda minangka wawakil Sekutu anu ti heula sumping ka Indonésia. Yaichiro sadar yén réalitasna Indonésia anu ngontrol kota, anjeunna maréntahkeun pasukanna pikeun masrahkeun pakarang ka pihak Indonésia. Pihak Indonésia sabenerna diparéntah ogé pikeun masrahkeun pakarang tina Jepang éta ka Sekutu, nanging urang Indonésia henteu nurut.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} Pasukan Inggris sumping bari nyandak pasukan militér leutik ti Walanda anu namina NICA ([[Netherlands Indies Civil Administration]]). Pasukan Inggris ngarasa paur nalika terang yén pihak Indonésia beuki wani sarta beuki kiat dina nyerang markas Jepang di sabudeureun nagri, ngan saukur ngagunakeun pakarang basajan sapertos awi runcing pikeun ngarebut pakarang tentara Jepang.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} Tujuan utama pasukan Inggris di Surabaya téh saenyana nyaéta badé nyandak pakarang Jepang sarta Indonésia, salian ti éta ogé badé nyandak tawanan Jepang anu badé dipulangkan deui ka nagarana. Dina bulan Séptémber sarta Oktober 1945, aya sababaraha kajadian insidén anu ngalibetkeun urang [[Éropa]] sarta pihak Indonésia.{{sfn|Frederick|1989|pp=237–243}} Dina ahir bulan Oktober sarta awal Nopémber, para pamingpin [[Nahdlatul Ulama]] sarta [[Masyumi]] netepkeun yén perang mertahankeun Indonésia téh kaasup [[Jihad]], sarta Jihad nyaéta kawajiban pikeun tiap Muslim. Para [[Kyai]] sarta santri ti pasantrén-pasantrén anu aya di [[Jawa Wétan]] mimiti daratang ka Surabaya. [[Bung Tomo]] anu kharismatik ngagunakeun radio lokal pikeun méré sumanget sarta ningkatkeun patriotisme di sakuliah kota.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} Genep rébu pasukan Inggris-India (Gurka) dikirim ka kota dina tanggal 25 Oktober pikeun ngévakuasi tawanan Éropa, tilu dinten ti harita, peperangan geus dimimitian.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} Perang ieu ngalibetkeun 20.000 Tentara Kaamanan Rahayat (TKR) sarta 70.000–140.000 laskar rahayat. Pihak Inggris ménta bantuan ka Présidén [[Soekarno]], Wakil Présidén [[Mohammad Hatta]], sarta Menteri [[Amir Sjarifuddin]] pikeun nenangkeun rahayat, anu ahirna dina tanggal 30 Oktober diayakeun gencatan senjata.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} == Kajadian-Kajadian Awal == Dina tanggal 26 Oktober 1945, Brigadir [[Aubertin Walter Sothern Mallaby|A.W.S. Mallaby]] ngayakeun perjangjian sareng Gubernur [[Jawa Wétan]], Mr. Suryo, yén pasukan Inggris moal maréntahkeun pasukan Indonésia pikeun masrahkeun pakarangna. Nanging, perjangjian ieu ngabalukarkeun salah paham anu serius sareng pasukan Inggris di [[Jakarta]] anu dipingpin ku Létnan Jenderal Sir [[Philip Christison]]. Mimitina, pasukan Inggris jumlahna 6.000 personil anu nganggo pakarang hampang. Ieu pasukan téh nyaéta Tentara Inggris-India ti Brigade Infanteri 49 Divisi India 23 ([[23rd Infantry Division (India)|23rd Indian Division]]). Nalika perang aya dina puncakna, Inggris ngirimkeun pasukan tambahan, nyaéta: 24.000 tentara ti Divisi 5 India anu miboga pakarang lengkep, 24 [[Tank Sherman]], 24 pesawat tempur, 2 kapal parancah ''(cruiser)'', sarta 3 kapal pangancur ''(destroyer)''.{{sfn|Indonesian Heritage}} Pasukan Indonésia diwangun ku 20.000 Tentara Kaamanan Rahayat (TKR) anu nembé dibentuk, sarta kira-kira 100.000–120.000 laskar rahayat. TKR sorangan anggotana asalna tina PETA, hiji organisasi semi-militér anu dibentuk ku Jepang. Sedengkeun laskar rahayat diwangun ku rahayat pro-kamerdékaan anu mawa pakarang mangrupa senapan, pedang, sarta awi runcing. Senapan ti pihak Indonésia lolobana hasil rampasan ti tentara Jepang anu nyerah.{{sfn|Parrott}} == Jalanna Perang == === Mimiti === Dina tanggal 27 Oktober 1945, kapal udara Inggris hiber ti Jakarta ka Surabaya bari nyebarkeun ''ultimatum'' mangrupa pamflét anu eusina maréntahkeun sangkan pasukan Indonésia sarta laskar rahayat masrahkeun pakarangna. Para komandan pasukan sarta laskar Indonésia ambek narima ieu ultimatum, margi dianggap geus nyalahan perjangjian sareng Mallaby anu parantos dijieun saméméhna. Dina tanggal 28 Oktober 1945, pasukan Indonésia sarta laskar rahayat nyerang pasukan Inggris di Surabaya anu ngabalukarkeun 200 urang korban ti pihak Inggris. Dina tanggal 30 Oktober 1945, Inggris ménta Présidén [[Soekarno]], [[Mohammad Hatta]], sarta Amir Sjarifuddin (Menteri Inpormasi) sumping ka Surabaya pikeun badami ngeunaan gencatan senjata. Gencatan senjata ieu disatujuan ku pihak Indonésia sarta Mayor Jenderal Hawthorn (Komandan Divisi India ka-23) jeung Brigadir Mallaby. Najan kitu, kusabab aya salah paham di lapangan, perang ahirna peupeutéyan deui di Surabaya. {{sfn|Reid|p=52}} === Tiwasna Brigadir Mallaby === [[File:LaSalle 1940 Series 52 Sedan of Brigadier-Mallaby - Burnt Car - 194511.jpg|thumb|Mobil Brigadir Mallaby, tempat anjeunna tiwas dina tanggal 30 Oktober 1945.]] Dina tanggal 30 Oktober 1945, Brigadir [[Aubertin Walter Sothern Mallaby|A.W.S. Mallaby]], komandan brigade Inggris di Surabaya, nuju ngurilingan kota pikeun nyebarkeun béja ngeunaan perjangjian énggal ka pasukanna. Nalika mobilna ngadeukeutan pos pasukan Inggris di deukeut Sasak Beureum (Jembatan Merah), mobilna dikepung ku laskar Républik Indonésia. Dina kaayaan anu kacida kusutna, Mallaby ditémbak sarta tiwas di jero mobilna.{{sfn|Parrott}} Kaptén R.C. Smith anu marengan Mallaby dina éta mobil ngalaporkeun yén manéhna ningali aya saurang pamuda anggota laskar Républik némbak sarta maéhan Mallaby saatos ngobrol sakedap. Smith ogé ngalaporkeun yén manéhna tuluy ngalungkeun granat tina mobil ka arah anu disangka tempat panyumputan anu némbak téa. Sanajan kitu, manéhna teu yakin naha granatna keuna atanapi henteu. Ngabeledugna granat ngabalukarkeun korsi tukang mobil kaduruk.{{sfn|Parrott}} Aya ogé pamendak sanés dina sumber anu sarua,{{sfn|Parrott}} anu nyatakeun yén anu matak tiwasna Mallaby téa nyaéta ku sabab beledugna [[granat]], sanés ku sabab ditémbak. Kumaha waé carana, tiwasna Mallaby janten sabab utama bituna perang campuh di Surabaya. Pihak Inggris ngaluarkeun ultimatum yén Indonésia kedah taluk; upami henteu, dina tanggal 10 Nopémber Inggris bakal nyerang bebéakan.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} === Perang Utamana === [[File:IWM-SE-5866-Jat-Bren- gunners-in-Surabaya-194511.jpg|thumb|Panémbak Bren ti Résimén 3/9 Jat ngajaga majuna résiménna ngalawan pasukan Indonésia, kira-kira tanggal 15–16 Nopémber 1945.]] Létnan Jenderal Sir [[Philip Christison]] ngambek nalika anjeunna terang yén Brigadir Mallaby palastra di Surabaya. Dina mangsa ''gencatan senjata'', Inggris ngirim bantuan tambahan sarta ngévakuasi para interniran.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} Dua brigade tambahan, nyaéta [[Brigade]] Infanteri India ka-9 sarta Brigade Infanteri India ka-23 anu kaasup kana Divisi India ka-5 dipingpin ku [[Mayor Jenderal]] [[Robert Mansergh]], dikirimkeun kalayan dibarengan ku tank Sherman, 2 kapal parancah (cruiser), sarta 3 kapal pangancur (destroyer), kaasup kapal {{HMS|Cavalier|R73|6}}.{{sfn|Indonesian Heritage}} Subuh tanggal 10 Nopémber, anu ayeuna dipiélingan salaku [[Poé Pahlawan]], pasukan Inggris nyerang Surabaya kalayan dibantuan ku bombardir bom ti kapal laut sarta kapal udara. Perang lumangsung kacida rongkahna; tentara Inggris nyaliksis sakuliah kota, unggal wangunan sarta rohangan dipariksa hiji-hiji. Sangkilang pajoang Indonésia ngalawan kalayan bebéakan, satengah kota Surabaya hasil ditaklukeun dina waktu 3 dinten, sarta perang nembé réngsé saatos tilu minggu. Perkiraan korban ti pihak Indonésia nyaéta 6.300–15.000 urang, sarta sakitar 200.000 urang ngungsi kaluar kota.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}}{{sfn|Vickers|p=98}} Korban ti pihak Inggris-India sakitar 600 urang.{{sfn|Woodburn Kirby|p=444}} == Akibat Perang == Pihak republik loba korban dina hal sumber daya manusia jeung musnahna [[Pakarang|senjata]] nu mangaruhan perjoangan militér républik saterusna.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} Perang Surabaya nyaéta perang tunggal nu paling rongkah sapanjang revolusi Indonésia, jeung salah sahiji perang nu nembokngkeun kumaha kuatna ''determinasi'' jeung pangorbanan rakyat dina kaayaan kacau sahingga jadi salah sahiji simbul ningkatkeun sumanget révolusi Indonésia. Perang ieu gé matak mangaruhan ka Inggris, Inggris sadar yén di Asia Tenggara sumber daya nu direbut ku Jepang kacida lobana. Faktana, sababaraha taun ti harita, Inggris sacara terang-terangan nyokong Republik di PBB. Perang ieu gé sabenerna nyirnakeun karaguan Walanda yén Republik téh bener-bener aya jeung didukung ku rakyat.{{sfn|Ricklefs|p=217}} Bulan Nopember 1946, Pasukan Inggris antuknana ninggalkeun Indonésia. Patung Pahlawan 10 Nopember diadegkeun di Surabaya keur pangeling-ngeling. Jeung kiwari, 10 Nopémber nyaéta dipieling minangka Hari Pahlawan. == Tinggali Ogé == {{portal|Indonesia}} * [[Sejarah Indonesia]] {{clear}} == Referensi == * {{cite journal | last = Frederick | first = William H. | year = 1982 | month = April | title = In Memoriam: Sutomo | journal = Indonesia | volume = 33 | pages = 127–128 | publisher = Cornell University Southeast Asia Program | url = http://cip.cornell.edu/seap.indo/1107016901 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Frederick | first = Willam H. | year = 1989 | title = Visions and Heat: The Making of the Indonesian Revolution | url = https://archive.org/details/visionsheatmakin0000fred | publisher = Ohio University Press | location = [[Athens, Ohio]] | isbn = 978-0-8214-0906-0 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Friend | first = Theodore | year = 2003 | title = Indonesian Destinies | url = https://archive.org/details/indonesiandestin00theo | publisher = The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | isbn = 978-0-674-01834-1 | ref = {{sfnRef|Friend}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Parrott | first = J. G. A. | year = 1975 | month = October | title = Who Killed Brigadier Mallaby? | journal = Indonesia | volume = 20 | issue = 20 | pages = 87–111 | url = http://cip.cornell.edu/seap.indo/1107105571 | accessdate = 3 August 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060916200808/http://cip.cornell.edu/Dienst/UI/1.0/Summarize/seap.indo/1107105571 | archivedate = 16 September 2006 | jstor = 3350997 | doi = 10.2307/3350997 | ref = {{sfnRef|Parrott}} }} * {{cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony | year = 1973 | title = The Indonesian National Revolution 1945–1950 | url = https://archive.org/details/indonesiannation0000reid | publisher = Longman Pty | location = Melbourne | isbn = 978-0-582-71046-7 | ref = {{sfnRef|Reid}} }} * {{cite book | last = Ricklefs | first = Merle Calvin | year = 1993 | title = A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300 | edition = Second | publisher = MacMillan | isbn = 978-0-333-57689-2 | ref = {{sfnRef|Ricklefs}} }} * {{cite book | last = Vickers | first = Adrian | year = 2005 | title = A History of Modern Indonesia | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri | edition = illustrated, annotated, reprint | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-83493-3 | ref = {{sfnRef|Vickers}} }} * {{cite book | last = Woodburn Kirby | first = S. | year = 1965 | title = The War Against Japan | volume = V | publisher = HMSO | location = London | isbn = | ref = {{sfnRef|Woodburn Kirby}} }} * {{cite book | last = Poesponegoro | first = Marwati Djoened | year = 2008 | title = Sejarah Nasional Indonesia VI: Zaman Jepang dan Zaman Republik Indonesia | publisher = Balai Pustaka | isbn = 979-407-412-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Toer | first = Pramoedya Ananta | year = 1999 | title = Kronik Revolusi Indonesia: Jilid I (1945) | publisher = KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia) | isbn = 979-9023-27-0 | ref = harv }} '''Sumber séjén''' * {{cite web | title = The Battle for Surabaya | work = Indonesian Heritage | publisher = Editions Didier Millet | date = | url = http://www.nusantara.com/heritage/surabaya.html | accessdate = 3 August 2012 | ref = {{sfnRef|Indonesian Heritage}} }} == Bacaeun saterusna == * Bayly and Harper (2007) ''Forgotten Wars: The End of Britain's Asian Empire'' (London:Penguin). * McMillan, Richard (2005) ''The British Occupation of Indonesia 1945–1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution'' (London:Routledge). * Parrott, J. G. A., Role of the 49 Indian Infantry Brigade in Surabaya, Oct.-Nov. 1945, Australian thesis == Sawangan Luar == * Picture of [http://digilib.petra.ac.id/jiunkpe/mmedia/pust/1945/jiunkpe-ns-mmedia-1945-na00001-31-wreckedcar-resource1.jpg General Mallaby's burnt out car] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201949/http://digilib.petra.ac.id/jiunkpe/mmedia/pust/1945/jiunkpe-ns-mmedia-1945-na00001-31-wreckedcar-resource1.jpg |date=2016-03-03 }}. This photograph was taken in November 1945 by Sergéants Davis and MacTavish of the British No. 9 Army Film and Photographic Unit. Original at the Imperial War muséum's Collections Online database at [http://www.iwmcollections.org.uk/qryPhotoImg.asp] Reference No. SE 5724 * Picture of the [http://digilib.petra.ac.id/jiunkpe/mmedia/pust/1933/jiunkpe-ns-mmedia-1933-na00001-10-internatio-resource1.jpg Internatio Building] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040041/http://digilib.petra.ac.id/jiunkpe/mmedia/pust/1933/jiunkpe-ns-mmedia-1933-na00001-10-internatio-resource1.jpg |date=2016-03-04 }} scene of the 30 October Incident and Mallaby's Déath. ==Dicutat tina== {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Révolusi Nasional Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Sajarah Surabaya]] [[Kategori:Perang di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:1945 di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pahlawan]] [[Kategori: Pahlawan nasional Indonésia]] [[Karegori:Inohong ti Jawa Wétan]] ewt7mlne8gb90mx9q78lo0kz0scizq6 Perang Kamerdikaan Bangladés 0 38966 729265 681293 2026-09-26T20:26:55Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | image = | caption = | partof = [[Perang Tiis]] | date = 26 Maret – 16 Désémber 1971 | place = [[Pakistan Wétan]] | casus = | territory = [[Pakistan Wétan]], éksklave wétan [[Pakistan]] jadi nagara merdika [[Bangladés]]. | result = Bangladés jeung India meunang. {{plainlist | * Komando Wétan Militér Pakistan ancur. * Merdikana Bangladés. }} | combatant1 = {{flagicon|Bangladesh|1971}} [[Pamaréntahan Saheulaan Républik Rahayat Bangladés|Bangladés]] * [[Mukti Bahini]] {{flagicon|India}} [[India]] (milu perang saprak 3 Désémber 1971)<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/2002/mar/30/local/me-passings30.1 | work=The Los Angeles Times | title=Gen. Tikka Khan, 87; 'Butcher of Bengal' Led Pakistani Army | date=30 March 2002}}</ref> | combatant2 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]] * [[Angkatan Pakarang Pakistan|Pasukan Pertahanan Pakistan]] | commander1 = {{flagicon|Bangladesh|1971}} Jqxzndral [[M. A. G. Osmani]] <br /> {{flagicon|Bangladesh|1971}} Mayjén K. M. [[Shafiullah]] <br />{{flagicon|Bangladesh|1971}} Mayjén [[Ziaur Rahman]] <br />{{flagicon|Bangladesh|1971}} Mayjén [[Khaled Mosharraf]] <br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg}} Létjén [[Jagjit Singh Aurora|J.S. Aurora]] <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg}} Marsekal Lapangan [[Sam Manekshaw]] <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg}} Létjén [[Sagat Singh]] <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Indian Army.svg}} Mayjén [[JFR Jacob]] | commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} Létjén [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi|A.A.K. Niazi]]{{Surrendered}} <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} Létjén [[Tikka Khan]] <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} Jéndral [[Abdul Hamid Khan]] <br /> {{flagicon image|Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg}} Laksamana Pengker [[Shariff|P. N. Shariff]]{{Surrendered}} <br /> {{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign of Pakistan.svg}} [[Komodor Udara]] Enamul Huq <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} Mayjén Khadim Hossein Raja <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} Mayjén [[Rao Forman Ali]] {{Surrendered}} <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} Mayjén [[A. O. Mitha]] <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} Mayjén Mohd Jamshed {{Surrendered}} <br/> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg}} Brigjén Jahanzeb Arbab | strength1 = '''Tentara Bangladés''': ~175.000<ref name="ACIG">''[http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_326.shtml India – Pakistan War, 1971; Introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606195040/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_326.shtml |date=2011-06-06 }}'' – Tom Cooper, Khan Syed Shaiz Ali</ref><ref>Pakistan & the Karakoram Highway By Owen Bennett-Jones, Lindsay Brown, John Mock, Sarina Singh, Pg 30</ <br /></ref> <br /> '''India''': 250.000<ref name="ACIG" /> | strength2 = '''[[Angkatan Pakarang Pakistan]]''': ~ 365.000<ref name="ACIG" /> <br /> '''[[Angkatan Paramilitér Pakistan|Paramilitér]]''': ~250.000<ref>p442 Indian Army after Independence'' by KC Pravel: Lancer 1987 [ISBN 81-7062-014-7]</ref> | casualties1 = '''Tentara Bangladés:''' ~30.000 <br /> '''India:''' 1.426 maot<br /> 3.611 luka (Official) <br /> 1.525 maot<br /> 4.061 luka<ref name="FallOfDacca">Data ti ''The Fall of Dacca'' beunangna [[Jagjit Singh Aurora]] dina ''The Illustrated Weekly of India'', 23 Désémber 1973 dikutip dina ''Indian Army after Independence'' ku KC Pravel: Lancer 1987 [ISBN 81-7062-014-7]</ref> | casualties2 = '''Pakistan''' <br /> ~8.000 maot{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} <br /> ~10.000 luka{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} <br /> ~93.000<ref name="dailytimes1912005" >{{cite news|title=54 Indian PoWs of 1971 war still in Pakistan|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_19-1-2005_pg7_28|accessdate=11 October 2011|newspaper=DailyTimes|date=19 January 2005|archiveurl=https://archive.is/cOfJ|archivedate=21 December 2012}}</ref> [[tawanan perang|tawanan]] <br /> (56.694 Angkatan Pakarang <br /> 12.192 Paramilitér <br /> sésana sipil)<ref name="FallOfDacca" /><ref>Figure from ''Pakistani Prisoners of War in India'' by Col S.P. Salunke p.10 quoted in ''Indian Army after Independence'' by KC Pravel: Lancer 1987 (ISBN 81-7062-014-7)</ref> | notes = Total korban sipil: Perkiraan antara 300.000<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18049515 |title=Bangladesh Islamist leader Ghulam Azam charged |publisher=BBC |date=13 May 2012 |accessdate=13 May 2012}}</ref> jeung 3.000.000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2010/03/2010325151839747356.html |title=Bangladesh sets up war crimes court – Central & South Asia |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=25 March 2010 |accessdate=23 June 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605014512/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2010/03/2010325151839747356.html |archivedate=5 June 2011 |deadurl=no}}</ref> }} {{Campaignbox Bangladesh Liberation War}} {{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}} {{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}} '''Perang Kamerdikaan Bangladés''' ({{lang-bn|মুক্তিযুদ্ধ}} ''Muktijuddho'') nyaéta konflik pakarang dina kira-kira 9 sasih, antawis [[Pakistan Wétan]] sareng [[India]] ngalawan [[Pakistan Kulon]]. Perang ieu ngawitan dina 26 Maret 1971 antara [[Nagara Pakistan]] jeung Pakistan Wétan, [[India]] milu saprak 3 Désémber 1971. Konfil réngsé dina 16 Désémber 1971, ngahasilkeun [[pamisahan (pulitik)|misahna]] Pakistan Wétan, nu jadi nagara merdika [[Bangladés]]. == Tingali ogé == * [[Gurat wanci Perang Bangladés]] * [[Mukti Bahini]] * [[Musieum Perang Kamerdikaan]] * [[Perang India-Pakistan 1971]] == Catetan suku jeung rujukan== {{reflist}} * Pierre Stephen and Robert Payne: ''Massacre'', Macmillan, New York, (1973). ISBN 0-02-595240-4 * Christopher Hitchens "The Trials of Henry Kissinger", Verso (2001). ISBN 1-85984-631-9 * [[Library of Congress Country Studies]] == Tumbu kaluar== <div class="references-small"> * [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/W_0020.htm Banglapedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316152630/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/W_0020.htm |date=2012-03-16 }} </div> {{Military of Bangladesh}} {{Military of India}} {{Military of Pakistan}} {{Bangladesh liberation}} {{1971 Indo-Pak War}} {{cold War}} [[Kategori:Pamisahan pultik di Pakistan]] [[Kategori:Perang Kamerdikaan Bangladés| ]] [[Kategori:Perang sadulur antara nagara jeung masarakat Asia]] [[Kategori:Perang sadulur pasca-1945]] [[Kategori:Sajarah Bangladés]] [[Kategori:Sajarah Pakistan]] [[Kategori:Perang India-Pakistan 1971]] [[Kategori:Perang mimilukeun Bangladés]] [[Kategori:1971 di India]] [[Kategori:Sajarah militér Bangladés]] {{sajarah-stub}} sv8g70oh6v1q7nlz5jadz4ah2rescsl Rajshahi 0 39044 729275 681023 2026-09-26T21:31:03Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729275 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Artikel ieu ngeunaan kotana. Kanggo distrikna, tingali [[Distrik Rajshahi]]. Pikeun divisina, tingali [[Divisi Rajshahi]].'' {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Rajshahi | native_name = রাজশাহী | nickname = Kota Atikan, Kota Sutra | settlement_type = [[Métropolitan]] | image_skyline = Rajshahi panorama.jpg | imagesize = 300px | image_caption = Pamandangan Rajshahi ti Sadharan Bima Bhaban | pushpin_map = Bangladés | pushpin_label_position = center | pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi Rajshahi di [[Bangladés]] | pushpin_mapsize = | latd = 24 | latm = 22 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 88 | longm = 36 | longs = | longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_region = BD | subdivision_type = [[daptar nagara|Nagara]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Bangladés}} | subdivision_type1 = [[divisi di Bangladés|Divisi]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Divisi Rajshahi]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Distrik di Bangladés|Distrik]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Distrik Rajshahi]] | established_title = Ngadeg | established_date = Antara 1700-1725 | established_title2 = Ngadeg salaku munisipalitas | established_date2 = 1876 | established_title3 = Status kota | established_date3 = 1991 | unit_pref = Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = <ref name="bangladesh1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/municip.pdf|title=Area, Population and Literacy Rate by Paurashava –2001|publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics|accessdate=2009-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610054152/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/municip.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-10}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050327072826/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/municip.pdf |date=2005-03-27 }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 96,68 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 18 | population_as_of = Perkiraan 2012 | population_footnotes = <ref name=bangladesh2/> | population_total = 842701 | population_metro = 472775 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Wanci Standar Bangladés|BST]] | utc_offset = +6 | postal_code_type = [[Kode pos]] | postal_code = 6000 | blank_name = Kode Telepon Nasional | blank_info = +880 | blank1_name = [[nomer telepon di Bangladés|Kode telepon]] | blank1_info = 0721 | website = [http://www.erajshahi.gov.bd/index/ Ramatloka resmi] | footnotes = }} Kota '''Rajshahi''' ({{lang-bn|রাজশাহী}}) nyaéta ibu kota ti [[Divisi Rajshahi]] sarta [[Distrik Rajshahi]] sarta salah sahiji ti 7 kota métropolitan di [[Bangladés]]. Dilandi ''Kota Sutra'' jeung ''Kota Atikan'', Rajshahi aya di beulah kalér-kulon nagara sarta miboga populasi kirang-langkungna 853.000 jiwa.<ref name=bangladesh2>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090419080055/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/pby/pk_book_08.pdf "Statistical Pocket book 2008, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics"]</ref> Legana {{convert|96.69|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref>[http://www.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2006/15thanniv/ourcities/ourcities20.htm "Rajshahi City Facts in The Daily Star"]</ref> sarta aya di gigir kalér Walungan [[Padma]] (atawa [[Gangga]]). Rajshahi miboga 4 [[babagian administratif Bangladés|Thana]], 35 [[distrik kota]], jeung 175 [[Mahalla]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070701035459/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/metropot.pdf "Census results by Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics"]</ref> [[Image:Ruins at puthia.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Runtuhan [[Komplék Kuil Puthia|Puthia]], Rajshahi]] ==Inohong== * [[Andrew Kishore]] * [[Hasan Azizul Huq]] * [[Ila Mitra]] * [[Ritwik Ghatak]] * [[Sir Jadunath Sarkar]] * [[Mohammad Shamsuzzoha]] * [[Shah Mohammad Sharker]] * [[Abu Bakkar Siddique]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} *{{1911}} * [http://www.financialexpress-bd.com/index3.asp?cnd=3/6/2006&section_id=8&newsid=17737&spcl=no FinancialExpress-bd.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404060905/http://www.financialexpress-bd.com/index3.asp?cnd=3%2F6%2F2006&section_id=8&newsid=17737&spcl=no |date=2019-04-04 }}, News about LSE survey * [http://www.betar.org.bd/Engineer.htm Betar.org.be] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210014327/http://www.betar.org.bd/Engineer.htm |date=2006-02-10 }}, Radio Bangladesh Website for Information on Bangladesh Betar * [http://www.world-airport-codes.com/bangladesh/rajshahi-6196.html World-Airport-Codes.com], Information on Shah Mokhdum Airport ==Tumbu kaluar== {{Sister project links|Rajshahi}} * [http://www.discoverybangladesh.com/meetbangladesh/rajshahi.html DiscoveryBangladesh.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051226105106/http://www.discoverybangladesh.com/meetbangladesh/rajshahi.html |date=2005-12-26 }}, Discovery Bangladesh * [http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/bdmaps/bdrajshahicity.jpg Bangladesh.gov.bd]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Peta Rajshahi {{BDeshCities}} [[Kategori:Pamukiman di Bangladés]] [[Kategori:Rajshahi| ]] 6fdqkxxm4xw6v9klgyy9v647we64ieg Citakan:Country data Germany 10 39056 729386 689328 2026-09-27T04:54:06Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Data nagara Jérman]] 729386 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Data nagara Jérman]] k00tzwmrz6b2gcbdvo38s006lwof4hn Citakan:Country data Républik Dominika 10 39444 729390 426000 2026-09-27T05:09:27Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Républik Dominika | flag alias = Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg | flag alias-naval= Naval Ensign of the Dominican Republic.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = DOM | redir2 = Dominican Republic </noinclude> }} aska3z3pj9x478edowdc311s2xryxq4 Kabupatén Pangandaran 0 39522 729077 708275 2026-09-26T12:03:20Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 75 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotakinfo Kabupatén Pangandaran}}'''Kabupatén Pangandaran''' ([[aksara Sunda]]: {{sund|ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮕᮍᮔ᮪ᮓᮛᮔ᮪}}) nyaéta hiji [[kabupaten]] di [[daptar propinsi di Indonésia|Propinsi]] [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Indonésia]]. Tapel wates ieu Kabupatén nyaéta [[Kabupatén Ciamis]] sarta [[Kota Banjar]] di kalér, [[Kabupatén Cilacap]] di wétan, [[Samudera Hindia]] di kidul jeung [[Kabupatén Tasikmalaya]] di kulon. Pangandaran robah jadi kabupatén dumasar kana Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Taun 2012. Dina UU disebutkeun yén Kabupatén Pangandaran asalna babagian ti wilayah Kabupatén Ciamis anu ngawengku [[Cigugur, Pangandaran|Cigugur]], [[Cijulang, Pangandaran|Cijulang]], [[Cimerak, Pangandaran|Cimerak,]] [[Kalipucang, Pangandaran|Kalipucang]], [[Langkaplancar, Pangandaran|Langkaplancar]], [[Mangunjaya, Pangandaran|Mangunjaya]], [[Padaherang, Pangandaran|Padaherang]], [[Pangandaran, Pangandaran|Pangandaran]], [[Parigi, Pangandaran|Parigi]] jeung [[Sidamulih, Pangandaran|Sidamulih]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://portal.pangandarankab.go.id/tentang-pangandaran|title=Selayang Pandang Kabupaten Pangandaran|website=portal.pangandarankab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210021316/https://portal.pangandarankab.go.id/tentang-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-10}}</ref> == Dasar Hukum Dijieuna Kabupatén Pangandaran == # Undang-undang Dasar Negara Kesatuan Républik Indonésia taun 1945 # Undang-undang Nomor 32 taun 2004 sakumaha nu geus dirobah ku Undang-undang Nomor 12 taun 2008 ngeunaan Pamaréntahan Daérah. # Undang-undang Nomor 12 taun 2011 ngeunaan Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan. # PP Nomor 78 taun 2007 ngeunaan Tatacara Pembentukan, Penghapusan dan Penggabungan Daérah. # Perda Propinsi Jawa Barat ngeunaan Pengembangan Wilayah Jawa Barat Bagéan Kidul taun 2010-2029.<ref>Firdaus, Enang Muhammad. 2013. ''Pembentukan Daerah Otonomi Baru Kabupaten Pangandaran Provinsi Jawa Barat''. Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga (''no publish'')</ref> == Visi jeung Misi == Dina periode pamaréntahan 2019-2021 anu Bupatina H. Jeje Wiradinata jeung Wakilna H. Ujang Endin Visi jeung Misi Pangandaran téh kieu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://portal.pangandarankab.go.id/tentang-pangandaran|title=Selayang Pandang Kabupaten Pangandaran|website=portal.pangandarankab.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228040336/https://portal.pangandarankab.go.id/tentang-pangandaran#visi-misi|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> === Visi === PANGANDARAN JUARA MENUJU WISATA BERKELAS DUNIA YANG BERPIJAK PADA NILAI KARAKTER BANGSA. === Misi === * Ngawujudkeun Pangandaran anu [[iman]], [[takwa]] jeung hirup rukun dina kahirupan dumasar asas kaagamaan. * Mekarkeun aksesbilitas atikan nepi ka [[Paguron Luhur]], jeung ngaronjatkeun karaharjaan tenaga [[atikan]] sarta ngaronjatkeun kompetensi lulusan. * Ngawujudkeun reformasi [[birokrasi]] anu éféktif, éfisién jeung akuntabel. * Mekarkeun wisata kalayan ngalegaan aksés jeung ngokolakeun kalumangsuanganana. * Ngaronjatkeun ketahanan ékonomi jeung sosial anu adil nyoko kana poténsi lokal. * Ngaronjatkeun pangwangunan infrastruktur, tata ruang jeung [[mitigasi]] bencana. == Lambang == [[Gambar:Logo Kabupaten Pangandaran.svg|kiri|jmpl|120x120px|Logo Kabupatén Pangandaran.]] Harti [[logo]] pangandaran dumasar kana Peraturan [[Bupati]] No. 4 Taun 2013.<ref name=":2" /> * Taméng atawa perisai warna [[biru]] anu ngalambangkeun katingtriman jeung karaharjaan [[masarakat]] pangandaran. Warna biruna ngalambangkeun [[cai]] laut anu jadi ciri utamana pangandaran. Ukuran (skala 1:2) perisai luhurna 17 cm, lega belah kénca 7 cm tina titik tengah lega belah katuhu 7 cm tina titik tengah miboga harti 17 Juli 2007 salaku déklarasi ngadegna Kabupatén Pangandaran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://galajabar.pikiran-rakyat.com/jabar/pr-1081482644/makna-lambang-daerah-kabupaten-pangandaran|title=Makna Lambang Daerah Kabupaten Pangandaran|last=Suhendra|first=Endan|website=galajabar.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217012923/https://galajabar.pikiran-rakyat.com/jabar/pr-1081482644/makna-lambang-daerah-kabupaten-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-17}}</ref> * [[Béntang]] miboga simbol Tuhan anu Maha Tunggal. * [[Kujang]] mangrupa simbol [[Pusaka Sunda (majalah)|pusaka]] [[Pakuan Pajajaran|pajajaran]]. Dina kujang aya lima liang leutik anu ngalambangkeun dasar [[nagara]] jeung warna [[konéng]] ngalambangkeun kaadilan jeung kaadilan. * [[Paré]] jeung [[kapas]]. Paré mangrupa kadaharan poko masarakat anu jumlahna aya 25 jadi ciri tanggal ngadegna Kabupatén Pangandaran luyu jeung UU No. 21 tauun 2012. [[Simbolik|Simbol]] kapas anu ngaruntuy ngalambangkeun karaharjaan sandang jeung pangan, jumlahna aya 10 anu ngagambarkeun bulan ngadegna Kabupatén Pangandaran, nyaéta bulan ka-10 ([[Oktober]]) jeung taun (2012) dina jumlah 12 digambarkeunn ku jumlah [[daun]] [[kalapa]] luyu jeung UU No. 21 Tauun 2012. * Tangkal Kalapa warna [[héjo]]. Ngalambangkeun tangkal anu loba mangpaatna keur urang Pangandaran ti mimiti tangkalna, buahna jeung daunna. Daun kalapa anu aya 12 siki nuduhkeun taun diadegkeunna Pangandaran. * [[Gunung]] Warna héjo. Ngalambangkeun kasuburan di Pangandaran. Kabéh pepelakan [[tropis]] bisa jadi di [[taneuh]] wilayah Pangandaran. * Pager. Pager atawa bénténg anu jumlahna aya 10 ngalambangkeun jumlah kacamatan di Pangandaran. * Pondasi. Pondasi anu jumlahna aya 21 ngalambangkeun UU No. 21 anu jadi dasar [[hukum]] ngadegna Kabupatén Pangandaran. * Gelombang 17 jeung 7 Warna [[Bodas]]. Ngagambarkeun sumberdaya alam laut di Pangandaran anu mangrupa laut, [[walungan]], [[balong]], tambak jeung rawa-rawa. Gelombang air anu 17 warna bodas nuduhkeun tanggal déklarasi Pangandaran ku Présidium dina tanggal 17 (17 Juli 2007).<ref name=":2" /> * Kembang [[Rafflesia|Raflesia]]. Ngalambangkeun kaabadian jeung kaadilan dumasar [[Pancasila]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypangandaran.com/ragam/pr-5564041526/arti-dan-makna-logo-kabupaten-pangandaran-nyiur-bentangan-alam-dalam-wujudkan-kesejahteraan|title=Arti dan Makna Logo Kabupaten Pangandaran, Nyiur Bentangan Alam dalam Wujudkan Kesejahteraan - Daily Pangandaran - Halaman 2|last=Fadilah|first=Aldi N.|website=Arti dan Makna Logo Kabupaten Pangandaran, Nyiur Bentangan Alam dalam Wujudkan Kesejahteraan - Daily Pangandaran - Halaman 2|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217014426/https://www.dailypangandaran.com/ragam/pr-5564041526/arti-dan-makna-logo-kabupaten-pangandaran-nyiur-bentangan-alam-dalam-wujudkan-kesejahteraan|archivedate=2023-02-17}}</ref> * Gambar [[Pita]] [[Konéng]] ngalambangkeun persatuan jeung kesatuan.<ref name=":3" /> * [[Jargon]] ''Jasa Karya Makarya Praja.'' Jasa hartina kaonjoyan, kaunggulan. Makarya téh hartina ngawangun. Praja hartina nagara atawa nagri.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-5951393/menelisik-makna-logo-kabupaten-pangandaran-tentram-di-antara-laut-gunung|title=Menelisik Makna Logo Kabupaten Pangandaran: Tentram di Antara Laut-Gunung|last=Fadilah|first=Aldi Nur|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215053157/https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-5951393/menelisik-makna-logo-kabupaten-pangandaran-tentram-di-antara-laut-gunung|archivedate=2023-02-15}}</ref> == Ikon == === Lauk Marlin === [[Gambar:Tugu Ikan Marlin di pangandaran.jpg|jmpl|Tugu Marlin Pangandaran.|kiri|213x213px]] Ikon Kabupatén Pangandaran nyaéta lauk [[marlin]] biru. Ieu lauk dijadikeun tugu anu dibangun di bundaran [[Masjid]] Besar Al- Istiqomah dina taun 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/jabar/ikan-blue-marlin-jadi-ikon-kabupaten-pangandaran-begini-asal-usulnya.html|title=Ikan Blue Marlin Jadi Ikon Kabupaten Pangandaran, Begini Asal Usulnya|last=Diva Kautsar|first=Nurul|website=merdeka.com|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217023141/https://www.merdeka.com/jabar/ikan-blue-marlin-jadi-ikon-kabupaten-pangandaran-begini-asal-usulnya.html|archivedate=2023-02-17}}</ref> Marlin ogé salah sahiji lauk anu hirup panglilana nyaéta 27 taun. Salian di Pangandaran, Tugu Marlin ogé aya di Kacamatan Cijulang, Pertiluan Cikembulan-Pamugaran jeung Alun-Alun Parigi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://timesindonesia.co.id/peristiwa-daerah/350350/tugu-ikan-marlin-di-pangandaran-antara-filosofi-dan-simbol-penyambutan-wisatawan|title=Tugu Ikan Marlin di Pangandaran Antara Filosofi dan Simbol Penyambutan Wisatawan - TIMES Indonesia|last=Maarif (MG-340)|first=Syamsul|website=timesindonesia.co.id|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217053623/https://timesindonesia.co.id/peristiwa-daerah/350350/tugu-ikan-marlin-di-pangandaran-antara-filosofi-dan-simbol-penyambutan-wisatawan|archivedate=2023-02-17}}</ref> Tuluy, dina tuguna tulisan jargon Pangandaran nyaéta ''Jasa Karya Makarya Praja.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-5949758/ini-makna-tugu-marlin-yang-menjadi-ikon-khas-kabupaten-pangandaran|title=Ini Makna Tugu Marlin yang Menjadi Ikon Khas Kabupaten Pangandaran|last=Fadillah|first=Aldi Nur|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217023142/https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-5949758/ini-makna-tugu-marlin-yang-menjadi-ikon-khas-kabupaten-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-17}}</ref> Lauk marlin dipilih sabab miboga karakter lincah, atraktif jeung mandiri lamun di [[Habitat|habitatna]]. Dipiharep pangwangunan di Kabupatén Pangandaran ogé terus nérékél salincah lauk marlin, lian ti éta dipiharep Pangandaran bisa mandiri ngokolakeun wilayahna kalawan ngamangpaatkeun sumber [[daya]] anu aya ku kabijaksanaan.<ref name=":4" /> [[Gambar:Masjid Al-Istiqomah Pangandaran.jpg|jmpl|Masjid Al-Istiqomah.]] === Masjid Al- Istiqomah === Ieu masjid diadegkeun taun 1974. Alamatna di Jalan Baru Nomor 109 Pangandaran, Dusun Karangsalam RT 06 RW 01 [[Pananjung Pangandaran|Desa Pananjung]]. Di ieu masjid ogé aya Madrasah jeung Pabukon anu bisa digunakeun ku masarakat umum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://simas.kemenag.go.id/index.php/profil/masjid/174004/|title=Sistem Informasi Masjid|website=simas.kemenag.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-17}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Bandara Nusawiru === Bandara Nusawiru pernahna di Kacamatan Cijulang, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Ieu bandara legana 50 héktare dikokolakeun ku [[Dinas Perhubungan]] [[Provinsi Jawa Barat]] kalawan dijadikeun [[transportasi]] keur ngarojong [[pariwisata]] jeung nganteurkeun hasil laut ka luar daérah.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|title=Begini Wujud Bandara Nusawiru Penunjang Pariwisata dan Perekonomian di Ciamis Jawa Barat|url=https://m.solopos.com/begini-wujud-bandara-nusawiru-penunjang-pariwisata-dan-perekonomian-di-ciamis-jawa-barat-1152065/amp|newspaper=Solopos.com|date=2021-09-06WIB14:00:34+00:00|access-date=2023-02-18|language=id-ID|first=Burhan Aris|last=Nugraha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218181043/https://m.solopos.com/begini-wujud-bandara-nusawiru-penunjang-pariwisata-dan-perekonomian-di-ciamis-jawa-barat-1152065/amp|archive-date=2023-02-18}}</ref> Bandara Nusawiru diwangun taun 1996, ngan kungsi tutup salila mangsa [[réformasi]]. Dibuka deui taun 2004. Harita méméh taun 2004 maskapai [[Merpati Airlines]] kungsi muka penerbangan doméstik ti Nusawiru ka Bandung kalawan jarak tempuh 30 menit.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://dunia.tempo.co/read/746030/singapore-airshow-st-electronics-justru-jual-pagar|title=Singapore Airshow, ST Electronics Justru Jual Pagar|last=Geken|first=Fransisco Rosarians Enga|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218182540/https://dunia.tempo.co/read/746030/singapore-airshow-st-electronics-justru-jual-pagar|archivedate=2023-02-18}}</ref> Salian ti muka layanan transportasi [[wisata]] jeung [[barang]], aya ogé penerbangan doméstik Pangandaran ka [[Jakarta]] jeung [[Bandung]] ka Jakarta. Salian ti éta, bisa ogé ngurus [[kapal udara]] (''Aircraft Maintenance Center'') jeung [[atikan]] sumber daya penerbangan (''Aviation Training Center'').<ref name=":6" /> Kiwari, Bandara Nusawiru ngaakomodasi penerbangan kalawan maskapai [[Susi Air]]. Kapal udara indit ka Jakarta ti Nusawiru jam 6 isuk-isuk. Ari Susi Air anu ti Jakarta mah mimiti indit jam 8 isuk-isuk. Ti Nusawiru ka Jakarta pernahna di [[Bandara Halim Peranakusumah]] téh biasana ukur sajam.<ref name=":7" /> [[Gambar:KITLV A964 - Kust bij Pangandaran bij Tjiamis, KITLV 95104.tiff|jmpl|Pangandaran Jaman Baheula.]] == Sajarah == Ngaran Pangandaran miboga tilu harti, nyaéta kecap ''andar'', ''andar-andar'', jeung ''kadaharan + daharan'' . ''Andar-andar'', dina basa Sunda, hartina ngumbara atawa migran. Hal ieu lantaran wewengkon éta baheulana mangrupa tempat anu dibuka ku pamayang urang Sunda. Disagigireun ti éta, étimologi kadua, ''kadaharan + daharan'' ngandung harti "tempat nafkah", sabab ku jalan indit ka laut maranéhna hirup. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seputarpangandaran.com/sejarah-singkat-berdirinya-kabupaten-pangandaran/|title=Sejarah Singkat Berdirinya Kabupaten Pangandaran|last=|website=Seputar Pangandaran|language=id-id|accessdate=2022-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211080952/https://seputarpangandaran.com/sejarah-singkat-berdirinya-kabupaten-pangandaran/|archivedate=2022-02-11}}</ref> Dina folklor anu diciptakeun ku masarakat Pangandaran, Pangandaran dibentuk nalika [[Pananjung, Pangandaran, Pangandaran|Désa Pananjung]] dibuka ku pamayang Sunda. Pamayang Sunda percaya yén bakal gampang pikeun meunangkeun lauk tempo ombak laut anu tenang. Alesan anu asup akal nyaéta ayana lahan anu nyodor ka laut anu bakal ngaréndéngkeun ombak [[Samudra Hindia]] anu bahaya ka basisir. Para pamayang tuluy ngagunakeun ''andar'' minangka tempat neundeun parahu. Ahirna matuh jeung jadi kampung nu disebut "Pangandaran".<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|title=Pangandaran dahulu merupakan pusat kerajaan?|url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/berita/847231/21/pangandaran-dahulu-merupakan-pusat-kerajaan|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-02-14|last=Maarif|first=Syamsul|publisher=daerah.sindonews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211082404/https://daerah.sindonews.com/berita/847231/21/pangandaran-dahulu-merupakan-pusat-kerajaan|archive-date=2022-02-11}}</ref> Nurutkeun Asep Nurdin Rosihan Anwar, sesepuh nyebutkeun wewengkon “Pananjung” lantaran ayana ''tanjung'' jeung ogé tempat-tempat karamat. Istilah ieu tuluy dimekarkeun jadi ''pangnanjung-nanjungna'' (pangsuburna atawa makmur). Saterusna, Pananjung jadi salah sahiji puseur karajaan anu saumur jeung Karajaan Galuh Pangauban anu puseurna di [[Putrapinggan, Kalipucang, Ciamis|Putrapinggan]] kira-kira abad ka-14 Maséhi. sanggeus mecenghulna [[Karajaan Sunda|Karajaan Pajajaran]] di [[Pakuan, Bogor Selatan, Bogor|Pakuan]]. Dipingpin ku Prabu Anggalarang, hanjakal Karajaan Pananjung ditumpes ku bajak laut sabab karajaan teu daék ngajual pepelakanana ka maranéhna, dina mangsa paceklik. Dina mangsa pamaréntahan [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walanda]], Pangandaran jadi bagian ti [[Tasikmalaya|Kabupatén Sukapura]]. Dina taun 1922, Y. Everen (Résidén Priangan) nyieun Pananjung taman anyar waktu anjeunna ngaluarkeun banténg, tilu sapi jeung sababaraha peucang. Lantaran miboga rupa-rupa sato jeung spésiés tutuwuhan langka dina raraga ngajaga kalumangsungan habitatna, dina taun 1934 Pananjung dijadikeun cagar alam anu legana 530 ha.<ref name=":02" /> Taun 1961, sanggeus kapanggihna ''Rafflesia patma,'' status Pananjung robah jadi cagar alam. Ku ngaronjatna kabutuhan wewengkon rékréasi, dina taun 1978 sabagéan legana 37,70 ha dijadikeun taman wisata. Taun 1990 wewengkon perairan sabudeureunana ogé dikukuhkeun minangka cagar alam laut (470 ha) sahingga total luas wewengkon cagar alam jadi 1000 ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/132577201/cagar-alam-pananjung-pangandaran-konservasi-dan-situs-sejarah|title=Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran: Konservasi dan Situs Sejarah - Semua Halaman - National Geographic|last=Mukhaer|first=Afkar Aristoteles|publisher=nationalgeographic.grid.id|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211083529/https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/132577201/cagar-alam-pananjung-pangandaran-konservasi-dan-situs-sejarah|archivedate=2022-02-11}}</ref> == Géografi == <mapframe latitude="-7.669143" longitude="108.562431" zoom="10" width="342" height="154" />Sacara [[astronomi]], Kabupatén Pangandaran perenahna antara 108 darajat 30' - 108 darajat 40' Bujur Wétan sarta 7 darajat 40'20" - 7 darajat 50'20" lintang kidul. Dumasar kana posisi [[Géografi|géografisna]], Wewengkon kacamatan Pangandaran nyaéta 1.011,04 kilométer pasagi dumasar Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2012 ngeunaan Ngadegna Kabupatén Pangandaran Propinsi Jawa Kulon. Dumasar kana itungan garis lempeng, jarak antara Kabupatén Pangandaran jeung puseur dayeuh Propinsi Jawa Kulon nyaéta [[Kota Bandung]] téh 211 kilométer. Kota pangdeukeutna ka kacamatan Pangandaran nyaéta dayeuh [[Kota Banjar|Banjar]] kalawan jarak 84 km. Kacamatan anu panglegana nyaeta Kacamatan Kalipucang kalawan legana 136,78 kilométer pasagi jeung Kacamatan Sidamulih jadi pangheureutna nyaéta 32,78 kilométer pasagi.<ref name=":1" /> == Wilayah == [[Gambar:Indian Ocean view.jpg|jmpl|Samudra Hindia jadi salah sahiji wates Pangandaran.]] Kabupatén Pangandaran legana nyaéta 168.509 Ha kalayan legana laut 67.340 Ha jeung panjangna [[basisir]] 91 Km.<ref name=":0" /> === Batas Wilayah === * Belah kalér watesna nyaéta [[Ciulu, Banjarsari, Ciamis|Désa Ciulu]], [[Pasawahan, Banjaranyar, Ciamis|Désa Pasawahan]], [[Cikupa, Banjarsari, Ciamis|Désa Cikupa]] [[Banjarsari, Ciamis|Kacamatan Banjarsari]], [[Sidarahayu, Lakbok, Ciamis|Désa Sidarahayu]] [[Purwadadi, Ciamis|Kacamatan Purwadadi]], [[Sidamulih, Pamarican, Ciamis|Désa Sidamulih]] [[Pamarican, Ciamis|Kacamatan Pamarican]], Kabupatén Ciamis jeung [[Citalahab, Karang Jaya, Tasikmalaya|Désa Citalahab]] [[Karangjaya, Tasikmalaya|Kacamatan Karangjaya]], [[Désa Cisarua]] [[Cinéam, Tasikmalaya|Kacamatan Cinéam]] [[Kabupatén Tasikmalaya|Kabupatén Tasikmalaya.]] * Belah wétan watesna nyaéta [[Tambaksari, Ciamis|Désa Tambaksari]], [[Sidanegara|Désa Sidanegara]], [[Rejamulya|Désa Rejamulya]] [[Kedungreja|Kacamatan Kedungreja]], [[Sidamukti|Désa Sidamukti]], [[Désa Patimuan]], [[Rawaapu|Désa Rawaapu]], [[Désa Cinyawang]], [[Désa Purwodadi]] [[Patimuan|Kacamatan Patimuan]] [[Kabupatén Cilacap]] [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]]. * Belah kidul watesna nyaéta [[Samudra Hindia|Samudera Hindia]]. * Belah kulon watesna nyaéta [[Pasangrahan|Désa Pasangrahan]] [[Cikatomas, Tasikmalaya|Kacamatan Cikatomas,]] [[Néglasari, Salawu, Tasikmalaya|Désa Neglasari]], [[Tawang, Pancatengah, Tasikmalaya|Désa Tawang]], [[Pancawangi, Pancatengah, Tasikmalaya|Désa Panca Wangi]], [[Mekarsari|Désa Mekarsari]] [[Pancatengah, Tasikmalaya|Kacamatan Pancatengah]], [[Cimanuk, Cikalong, Tasikmalaya|Désa Cimanuk]] [[Cikalong, Tasikmalaya|Kacamatan Cikalong]], [[Mulyasari, Tamansari, Tasikmalaya|Désa Mulyasari]] [[Salopa, Tasikmalaya|Kacamatan Salopa]] Kabupatén Tasikmalaya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kemhan.go.id/ppid/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/uu21-2012bt.pdf|title=UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG PEMBENTUKAN KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628065935/https://www.kemhan.go.id/ppid/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/uu21-2012bt.pdf|archivedate=2017-06-28}}</ref> === Wilayah Administratif === Ieu di handap mangrupa wincikan kacamatan jeung désa di Pangandaran. * Kacamatan Cigugur jumlah désana aya tujuh, nyaéta [[Bunisari, Cigugur, Ciamis|Désa Bunisari]], [[Campaka|Désa Campaka]], [[Cigugur, Pangandaran|Désa Cigugur]], [[Cimindi, Cigugur, Ciamis|Désa Cimindi]], [[Harumandala, Cigugur, Ciamis|Désa Harumandala]], [[Kertajaya, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Kertajaya]], jeung [[Pagerbumi, Cigugur, Ciamis|Désa Pagerbumi]]. * Kacamatan Cijulang jumlah désana aya tujuh, nyaéta [[Batukaras, Cijulang, Ciamis|Désa Batukaras]], [[Ciakar, Cijulang, Ciamis|Désa Ciakar]], [[Cibanten, Cijulang, Ciamis|Désa Cibanten]], [[Cijulang, Cijulang, Pangandaran|Désa Cijulang]], [[Kertayasa, Cijulang, Ciamis|Désa Kertayasa]], [[Kondangjajar, Cijulang, Ciamis|Désa Kondangjajar]], [[Margacinta, Cijulang, Ciamis|Désa Margacinta]]. * Kacamatan Cimerak jumlah désana aya sabelas, nyaéta [[Batumalang, Cimerak, Ciamis|Désa Batumalang]], [[Cimerak, Pangandaran|Désa Cimerak]], [[Ciparanti, Cimerak, Ciamis|Désa Ciparanti]], [[Kertaharja, Cimerak, Ciamis|Désa Kertaharja]], [[Kertamukti, Cimerak, Ciamis|Désa Kertamukti]], [[Legokjawa, Cimerak, Ciamis|Désa Legokjawa]], [[Limusgedé, Cimerak, Ciamis|Désa Limusgede]], [[Masawah, Cimerak, Ciamis|Désa Masawah]], [[Mekarsari|Désa Mekarsari]], [[Sindangsari|Désa Sindangsari]], [[Sukajaya, Cimerak, Ciamis|Désa Sukajaya]]. * Kacamatan Kalipucang jumlah désana aya salapan, nyaéta [[Bagolo, Kalipucang, Ciamis|Désa Bagolo]], [[Banjarharja, Kalipucang, Ciamis|Désa Banjarharja]], [[Cibuluh, Kalipucang, Ciamis|Désa Cibuluh]], [[Ciparakan, Kalipucang, Ciamis|Désa Ciparakan]], [[Emplak, Kalipucang, Ciamis|Désa Emplak]], [[Kalipucang, Pangandaran|Désa Kalipucang]], [[Pamotan, Kalipucang, Ciamis|Désa Pamotan]], [[Putrapinggan, Kalipucang, Ciamis|Désa Putrapinggan]], [[Tunggilis, Kalipucang, Ciamis|Désa Tunggilis]]. * Kacamatan Langkaplancar jumlah désana aya lima belas, nyaéta [[Bangunjaya, Langkaplancar, Ciamis|Désa Bangunjaya]], [[Bangunkarya, Langkaplancar, Ciamis|Désa Bangunkarya]], [[Bojong|Désa Bojong]], [[Bojongkondang, Langkaplancar, Ciamis|Désa Bojongkondang]], [[Bungur Raya|Désa Bungur Raya]], [[Cimanggu|Désa Cimanggu]], [[Cisarua|Désa Cisarua]], [[Jadikarya, Langkaplancar, Ciamis|Désa Jadikarya]], [[Jadimulya, Langkaplancar, Ciamis|Désa Jadimulya]], [[Jayasari, Langkaplancar, Ciamis|Désa Jayasari]], [[Karangkamiri, Langkaplancar, Ciamis|Désa Karangkamiri]], [[Langkaplancar, Pangandaran|Désa Langkaplancar]], [[Mekarwangi|Désa Mekarwangi]], [[Pangkalan|Désa Pangkalan]], [[Sukamulya|Désa Sukamulya]]. * Kacamatan Mangunjaya jumlah désana aya lima, nyaéta [[Jangraga, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Jangraga]], [[Kertajaya, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Kertajaya]], [[Mangunjaya, Pangandaran|Désa Mangunjaya]], [[Sindang Jaya, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Sindang Jaya]] jeung [[Sukamaju|Désa Sukamaju]]. * Kacamatan Padahérang jumlah désana aya opat belas, nyaéta [[Bojongsari, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Bojongsari]], [[Cibogo, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Cibogo]], [[Ciganjeng, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Ciganjeng]], [[Karangmulya, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Karangmulya]], [[Karangpawitan, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Karangpawitan]], [[Karangsari|Désa Karangsari]], [[Kedungwuluh, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Kedungwuluh]], [[Maruyung Sari, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Maruyung Sari]], [[Padahérang, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Padaherang]], [[Palédah, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Paledah]], [[Panyutran, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Panyutran]], [[Pasirgeulis, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Pasirgeulis]], [[Sindangwangi, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Sindangwangi]], [[Sukanagara, Padahérang, Ciamis|Désa Sukanagara]]. * Kacamatan Pangandaran jumlah désana aya dalapan, nyaéta [[Babakan|Désa Babakan]], [[Pagergunung, Pangandaran, Ciamis|Désa Pagergunung]], [[Pananjung, Pangandaran, Pangandaran|Désa Pananjung]], [[Pangandaran, Pangandaran, Pangandaran|Désa Pangandaran]], [[Purbahayu, Pangandaran, Ciamis|Désa Purbahayu]], [[Sidomulyo|Désa Sidomulyo]], [[Sukahurip, Pangandaran, Ciamis|Désa Sukahurip]], [[Wonoharjo, Pangandaran, Ciamis|Désa Wonoharjo]]. * Kacamatan Parigi jumlah désana aya sapuluh, nyaéta [[Bojong|Désa Bojong]], [[Cibenda, Parigi, Ciamis|Désa Cibenda]], [[Ciliang, Parigi, Ciamis|Désa Ciliang]], [[Desa Cintakarya|Désa Cintakarya]], [[Cintaratu, Parigi, Ciamis|Désa Cintaratu]], [[Karangbenda, Parigi, Ciamis|Désa Karangbenda]], [[Karangjaladri, Parigi, Ciamis|Désa Karangjaladri]], [[Parakanmanggu, Parigi, Ciamis|Désa Parakanmanggu]], [[Parigi, Pangandaran|Désa Parigi]], [[Selasari, Parigi, Ciamis|Désa Selasari]]. * Kacamatan Sidamulih jumlah désana aya tujuh, nyaéta [[Cikalong, Sidamulih, Ciamis|Désa Cikalong]], [[Cikembulan, Sidamulih, Ciamis|Désa Cikembulan]], [[Kalijati, Sidamulih, Ciamis|Désa Kalijati]], [[Kersaratu, Sidamulih, Ciamis|Désa Kersaratu]], [[Pajatén, Sidamulih, Ciamis|Désa Pajaten]], [[Sidamulih, Sidamulih, Ciamis|Désa Sidamulih]] jeung [[Sukaresik, Sidamulih, Ciamis|Désa Sukaresik]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Permendagri No. 137 Tahun 2017|url=http://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017|date=2018-12-29|last=Kementerian Dalam Negeri Indonesia}}</ref> == Démografi == === Penduduk === Dina taun 2020, jumlah penduduk Kabupatén Pangandaran 423,67 rébu jiwa. Ngawengku 212,21 rébu jiwa penduduk lalaki jeung 211,45 ribu jiwa penduduk awéwé, ku kituna angka rasio wanda baga di Kabupatén Pangandaran 100,40 anu hartina aya 100-101 penduduk lalaki dina unggal 100 penduduk awéwé. Lamun ditilik dumasar kacamatan, Langkaplancar miboga rasio wanda baga pangluhurna, nyaéta 102,47, ari anu panghandapna Kacamatan Cijulang nyaéta 96,88. Sakabéh kacamatan miboga angka rasio wanda baga leuwih ti 100,anu hartina jumlah penduduk lalaki leuwih loba, iwal di di tilu kacamatan nyaéta Kacamatan Parigi, Cijulang, jeung Sidamulih. Jumlah penduduk anu panglobana aya di Kacamatan Padahérang nyaéta 68,12 rébu jiwa (16,08 persen). Lian ti éta, kacamatan kalayan populasi pangleutikna nyaéta Kacamatan Cigugur anu miboga 22,80 rébu penduduk. Wilayah Ieu di handap daptar Bupati Pangandaran sanggeus dimekarkeun ti KabuKabupatén Pangandaran miboga tingkat kepadatan penduduk anu .r 1 kacamatan kalayan tingkat kepadatan penduduk leuwih ti 1.000 jiwa/km2 nyaéta Kacamatan Padahérang. Penduduk Kabupatén Pangandaran anu umurna 15 taun atawa leuwih dina taun 2020 nepi ka 319.852 urang. Jumlah angkatan anu kaasup umur produktif nepi ka 245.619 urang, dimana 233.143 di antarana digawé dina sababaraha séktor usaha, sésana 12.476 masih nganggur. Jumlah éta ngagambarkeun angka tingkat nganggur jadi 5,08 persén. Pagawé di Kabupatén Pangandaran didominasi ku lulusan SD ka handap, nyaéta nepi ka 53,87 persén.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.apindojabar.or.id/assets/img/uu/e2c008310ad34b42f1b27e4c315377d1.pdf|title=Kabupaten Pangandaran Dalam Angka|last=Hendri|first=Nevi|website=https://www.apindojabar.or.id/|publisher=CV. Rikma Karya|accessdate=2023-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210031044/https://www.apindojabar.or.id/assets/img/uu/e2c008310ad34b42f1b27e4c315377d1.pdf|archivedate=2023-02-10}}</ref> == Daptar Bupati == Ieu di handap mangrupa bupati anu kungsi ngajabat di Pangandaran. * Dr. Drs. H. [[Endjang Naffandy]], M.Si. Anjeunna jadi pejabat bupati ti ping 22 April 2013 nepi ka 22 April 2015, partaina independen.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|url=https://news.mypangandaran.com/berita/read/kecamatan-cijulang/1487/pangandaran-akhirnya-resmi-jadi-kabupaten-endjang-affandi-jadi-pj-bupati|title=Pangandaran Akhirnya Resmi Jadi Kabupaten, Endjang Affandi Jadi Pj Bupati|last=Sumaryadi|first=Adi|website=news.mypangandaran.com|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222032814/https://news.mypangandaran.com/berita/read/kecamatan-cijulang/1487/pangandaran-akhirnya-resmi-jadi-kabupaten-endjang-affandi-jadi-pj-bupati|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> *Drs. H. [[Daud Achmad]]. Anjeunna jadi pejabat bupati ping 22 April 2015 nepi ka 17 Februari 2016, partaina independen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2015/04/gantikan-endjang-daud-achmad-dilantik-jadi-penjabat-bupati-pangandaran/|title=Gantikan Endjang, Daud Achmad Dilantik Jadi Penjabat Bupati Pangandaran|last=Madlani|website=Harapan Rakyat|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222032814/https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2015/04/gantikan-endjang-daud-achmad-dilantik-jadi-penjabat-bupati-pangandaran/|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> *H. [[Jeje Wiradinata]]. Dilantik jadi bupati ping 17 Februari 2016 nepi ka 17 Februari 2021. Anjeunna ti [[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan]]. Wakil Bupatina nyaéta H. [[Adang Hadari]]. *Drs. H. Kusdiana, M.M. Ngajabat Pelaksana Harian Bupati 17 Februari 2021 – 26 Februari 2021. *H. Jeje Wiradinata dilantik deui jadi bupati anu kadua kalina dina ping 26 Februari 2021. Wakilna nya a H. [[Ujang Endin Indrawan]]. Mangsa jabatanana nepi ka 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://humas.pangandarankab.go.id/public/publikasi/berita/daerah/gubernur-jawa-barat-lantik-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-pangandaran|title=GUBERNUR JAWA BARAT LANTIK BUPATI DAN WAKIL BUPATI PANGANDARAN|website=humas.pangandarankab.go.id|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227133113/https://humas.pangandarankab.go.id/public/publikasi/berita/daerah/gubernur-jawa-barat-lantik-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> == Déwan Perwakilan == [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Vlag van de Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan TMnr 6195-1.jpg|jmpl|PDIP Unggul di Pangandaran.]] Ieu di handap mangrupa komposisi [[Déwan Pangwakil Rahayat Républik Indonésia|DPRD]] Kabupatén Pangandaran dua taun pamungkas. Tina Pemilu 2014-2019 anu dominan téh PDIP kalayan 8 korsi, [[PKB]] 4 korsi, [[Gerindra]] sakorsi, [[Golkar]] 5 korsi, [[Nasdem]] 2 korsi, [[Partai Keadilan Sejahtera|PKS]] 3 korsi, [[PPP]] 3 korsi , [[PAN]] 7 korsi jeung [[Demokrat]] 2 korsi. Ari dina periode 2019-2014 tetep didominasi ku PDIP 15 korsi, PKB 5 korsi, Gerindra 3 korsi, Golkar 5 korsi, Nasdem 0 korsi, PKS 3 korsi, [[Perindo]] sakorsi, PPP 3 korsi , PAN 5 korsi jeung Demokrat 0 korsi. Jadi jumlah anggota DPRD di Pangandaran téh ngaronjat anu tadina periode 2014-2019 nag 35 urang kalayan jumlah partai 9, ari periode 2019-2024 mah 40 urang anggota DPR ti 8 partai politik. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-4635062/pdip-kuasai-15-dari-40-kursi-dprd-pangandaran-ini-daftarnya|title=PDIP Kuasai 15 dari 40 Kursi DPRD Pangandaran, Ini Daftarnya|last=Nurroni|first=Andi|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227112229/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-4635062/pdip-kuasai-15-dari-40-kursi-dprd-pangandaran-ini-daftarnya|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> == Pamaréntahan == Sacara administratif di taun 2020 Kabupatén Pangandaran diwangun ku 10 kacamatan jeung 93 désa. Jumlah panghandapna pamaréntahan di Kabupatén Pangandaran dumasar kana unit lingkungan lokal diwangun ku 917 [[Rukun Warga]] (RW) jeung 3.196 [[Rukun Tatangga]] (RT), kalawan babandingan RT nepi ka RW 3,49. Jumlah [[Pegawai Negeri Sipil]] (PNS) di lingkungan Pamaréntah Kabupatén Pangandaran 2020 lobana 3.586 urang, 1.705 urang pagawé lalaki jeung 1.881 pagawé Awéwé. Pamaréntah Kabupatén Pangandaran nyusun APBD ([[Anggaran Panghasilan jeung Balanja Daerah]]) salaku wangun rarancang pangwangunan régional. Tatahar anggaran pamaréntah daerah kudu ditataan ku cara ngaronjatkeun kinerja administrasi wewengkon anu oriéntasina kana pelayanan publik. Réalisasi panarimaan Kabupatén Pangandaran taun 2020 téh 1572,22 milyar rupiah. Ari réalisasi belanja taun 2020 ngahontal1547,37 milyar rupiah.<ref name=":1" /> == Fasilitas Kaséhatan == Fasilitas kaséhatan anu deukeut jeung kajangkau ku masarakat nyaéta [[puskésmas]]. Ieu di handap daptar alamat puskésmas di Pangandaran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypangandaran.com/news/pr-5564026330/daftar-alamat-puskesmas-di-kabupaten-pangandaran-lengkap-dengan-nama-akses-jalan|title=Daftar Alamat Puskesmas di Kabupaten Pangandaran, Lengkap dengan Nama Akses Jalan - Daily Pangandaran|last=Fadilah|first=Aldi N.|website=Daftar Alamat Puskesmas di Kabupaten Pangandaran, Lengkap dengan Nama Akses Jalan - Daily Pangandaran|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222181703/https://www.dailypangandaran.com/news/pr-5564026330/daftar-alamat-puskesmas-di-kabupaten-pangandaran-lengkap-dengan-nama-akses-jalan|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> *Cimerak bisa Rawat Inap aya di Jalan Sindangsari No. 63 Dusun Patrol RT 03/01 Desa Sukajaya jeung di Jalan Raya Ciparanti Dusun Sindangsari RT 05/02 Desa Legokjawa. *Sidamulih bisa Rawat Inap aya di Jalan Raya Cijulang No.93 Dusun Cikangkung RT 01/07 Desa Cikembulan jeung di Jalan Karangsari No 139 RT 01/02 Desa Sidamulih. *Kalipucang bisa Rawat Inap aya di Jalan Raya Kalipucang Dusun Empangsari RT 04/05 Desa Kalipucang. *Padahérang bisa Rawat Inap aya di Jalan Raya Pangandaran No 753 dusun Balater RT 01/01 Desa Sindangwangi jeung di Jalan Raya Babakan Pikiran Rakyat No 2 RT 01/01 Desa Karangpawitan. *Pangandaran bisa Rawat Inap aya di Dusun Bojong Karekes RT 01/16 Desa Babakan jeung di Jalan Raya Cijulang No.93, Desa Cikembulan. *Mangunjaya bisa Rawat Inap aya di Jalan Mangunjaya RT 02/01 Desa Mangunjaya. *Parigi bisa Rawat Inap aya di Jalan Raya Cijulang No 143 RT 01/01 Desa Parigi jeung di Jalan Dusun Selakambang RT 05/02 Desa Selasari. *Langkaplancar bisa Rawat Inap aya di Jalan Raya Bojong, RT 10/03 Jadikarya jeung di Jalan Raya Langkaplancar No 9 Dusun Limusnunggal RT 05/02, Desa Bangunjaya. *Cijulang bisa Rawat Inap aya di Jalan Bandara Nusawiru RT 23/25 Dusun Kalensari Desa Kondangjajar. *Cigugur bisa Rawat Inap aya di Jalan Raya Jurago Cilembu RT 007/003 Desa Cigugur. Dina taun 2020, Kabupatén Pangandaran ngawangun RSUD Pandéga di Jalan Merdéka Nomer 412 Désa Pananjung Kacamatan Pangandaran. Ieu rumah sakit kaasup tipe C kalayan layanan BLUD. Legana nepi ka 5 héktar kalayan wangunan 4 lanté. Layanan anu bisa dimangpaatkeun ku masarakat nyaéta [[Orthopéadi]] jeung [[Traumatologi]] (Bedah Tulang), bedah umum, panyakit dalam, [[kulit]] jeung kelamin, [[Bidan|kabidanan]], [[neurologi]], Pediatri atawa klinik budak, poli mata, kaséhatan [[huntu]] budak, panyakit [[baham]] jeung réhabilitasi médis. Ieu dijelaskeun data kamer sacara lengkep. Kelas I aya 18 kamer, Kelas II aya 27 kamer, Kelas III aya 73 kamer, ICU aya 10 ruangan, HCU aya 7 kamer, Perinatologi aya 26 rohangan, ICU Tekanan Negatif dengan Ventilator aya 4 ruangan, ICU Tekanan Negatif tanpa Ventilator aya 6 rohangan, ICU Tanpa Tekanan Negatif Dengan Ventilator jeung ICU Tanpa Tekanan Negatif Tanpa Ventilator can boga rohangan, Isolasi Tekanan Negatif aya 98 rohangan, Isolasi Tanpa Tekanan Negatif, NICU Khusus Covid jeung PICU Khusus Covid can boga rohangan, IGD Khusus Covid aya 8 rohangan, VK (Ibu Melahirkan) Khusus Covid aya 2 rohangan jeung Isolasi Perinatologi Khusus Covid aya 2 rohangan.<ref name=":9" /> Lian ti éta, sumber daya manusa atawa tanaga kaséhatanana ogé tangtu geus kompetén pisan. Dokter Umum aya 11 urang, Dokter Gigi 3 urang, Dokter Panyakit dalam aya 4 urang, Dokter Kesehatan anak aya 5 urang, Dokter Bedah aya 6 urang, Dokter Obstetri & ginekologi aya 7 urang, Dokter Anestesiologi aya 8 urang, Ahli Radiologi aya 9 urang, Ahli Patologi Klinik aya 10 urang, Ahli Rehabilitasi Medik aya 11 urang, Dokter Syaraf aya 12 urang, Dokter Kulit dan Kelamin aya 13 urang, Ahli Orthopedi aya 14 urang, Ahli Pedodonsi aya 15 urang, Dokter Panyakit Mulut aya 16 urang, Apoteker aya 17 urang, Asisten Apoteker aya 18 urang, D3 Keperawatan aya 19 urang, D3 Kebidanan aya 21 urang, Dietisien aya 22 urang, S1 Analis Kesehatan aya 23 urang, D3 Analis Kesehatan aya 24 urang, Fisioterapi aya 25 urang, Radiografer aya 26 urang, Elektromedis aya 27 urang, Perekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan aya 28 urang, Petugas IPSRS/Teknisi pemeliharaan fasilitas aya 29 urang, Sanitasi Lingkungan aya 31 urang, Petugas Kamar Jenazah / Pemulasaran Jenazah aya 32 urang, Administrasi aya 33 urang, Ners aya 34 urang, Ahli teknologi laboratorium medik aya 35 urang, Tenaga Non Kesehatan Lainnya aya 36 urang, Penata anestesi aya 37 urang, Refraksionis Optisien aya 38 urang, Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku aya 3 urang.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://sirs.kemkes.go.id/fo/home/profile_rs/3218001|title=RS Online|website=sirs.kemkes.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-22}}</ref> [[Gambar:SMP Miftahul Huda Musri' Pangandaran - panoramio (1).jpg|jmpl|SMP Miftahul Huda Musri' Pangandaran.]] == Atikan jeung Data Sakola == [[Gambar:SMP Plus Ma'arif NU Pangandaran - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|SMP Plus Ma'arif NU Pangandaran.]] === Sakola Dasar === Jumlah sakola dasar anu aya di Kabupatén Pangandaran nyaéta 282 sakola negri jeung 2 sakola swasta. Jumlah guruna 2605 guru di sakola negri jeung 13 guru di sakola swasta. Jumlah muridna 32227 di sakola negri jeung 244 di sakola swasta. Jadi rasiona saurang guru ngajar 12 urang murid.<ref name=":1" /> [[Gambar:SMP Negeri 1 Pangandaran - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|SMP Negeri 1 Pangandaran.]] === Madrasah Ibtidaiyah === Jumlah madrasah ibtidaiyah di Pangandaran anu negri téh aya 6 jeung anu swasta aya 55 sakola. Jumlah guru di sakola negri aya 101 urang jeung jumlah guru di sakola swasta aya 451 urang. Jumlah murid di sakola negri aya 1190 jeung di sakola swasta aya 5351. Jadi, rasiona nyaéta saurang guru ngajar 12 urang murid.<ref name=":1" /> === Sakola Menengah Pertama === Jumlah sakola menengan pertama di Pangandaran anu negri téh aya 37 jeung anu swasta aya 15 sakola. Jumlah guru di sakola negri aya 912 urang jeung jumlah guru di sakola swasta aya 167 urang. Jumlah murid di sakola negri aya 11906 jeung di sakola swasta aya 1949. Jadi, rasiona nyaéta saurang guru ngajar 12 urang murid.<ref name=":1" /> [[Gambar:SMP Muhammadiyah Pangandaran - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|SMP Muhammadiyah Pangandaran.]] ==== Daptar Sakola ==== [[Gambar:SMP Muhammadiyah Pangandaran - panoramio (1).jpg|jmpl|SMP Muhammadiyah Pangandaran.]] Ieu di handap mangrupa daptar lengkep SMP di Pangandaran.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://datapendidikan.com:443/smp/kab/pangandaran|title=Daftar Lengkap SMP di Kab. Pangandaran Beserta Alamatnya|last=|first=|website=DATA PENDIDIKAN|language=en|accessdate=2023-02-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223203619/https://www.datapendidikan.com/smp/kab/pangandaran |date=2023-02-23 }}</ref> *SMP NEGERI 4 LANGKAPLANCAR aya di Jalan Raya Bojong Jadikarya, Langkaplancar. *SMP MUHAMMADIYAH PANGANDARAN aya di Jalan Merdeka Nomer 27, Pangandaran. *SMP NEGERI 1 CIGUGUR aya di Jalan Jurago No.178 RT33/11, Cigugur. *SMP NEGERI 2 MANGUNJAYA aya di Jalan Sindangjaya, Mangunjaya. *SMP NEGERI 3 CIMERAK aya di Jalan Sindangsari No. Km. 10, Cimerak. *SMP NEGERI 3 LANGKAPLANCAR di Jalan Langkaplancar. *SMP NEGERI 3 PADAHERANG aya di Jalan Bendung Manganti, Padaherang. *SMP NEGERI 3 PANGANDARAN aya di Jalan Karanganyar, Pangandaran. *SMP NEGERI 2 PANGANDARAN aya di Jalan Sukahurip No. 35, Pangandaran. *SMP NEGERI 2 PARIGI aya di Jalan Raya Cintaratu No. 52, Parigi. *SMP NEGERI 5 PADAHERANG aya di Jalan Sukanagara No. 60 Rt 20 / 05, Padaherang. *SMP NEGERI 4 PADAHERANG aya di Jalan Perintis, Padaherang. *SMP NEGERI 1 LANGKAPLANCAR aya di Jalan Raya Cigugur 94, Langkaplancar. *SMP NEGERI 1 MANGUNJAYA aya di Jalan Mangunjaya No 565, Mangunjaya. *SMP NEGERI 1 PADAHERANG aya di Jalan Si Kabayan Babakan Pikiran Rakyat, Padaherang. *SMP NEGERI 1 PANGANDARAN aya di Jalan Merdeka Nomor 321, Pangandaran. *SMP NEGERI 1 KALIPUCANG aya di Jalan Raya Kalipucang No. 247, Kalipucang. *SMP NEGERI 1 CIJULANG aya di Jalan Pasirsumbul No. 351, Cijulang. *SMP NEGERI 1 CIMERAK aya di Jalan Raya Sindangsari No. 174, Cimerak. *SMP NEGERI 2 CIJULANG aya di Jalan Pasirpandan No. 30, Cijulang. *SMP NEGERI 2 CIMERAK aya di Jalan Raya Ciparanti No.351, Cimerak. *SMP NEGERI 2 KALIPUCANG aya di Pamotan Kalipucang. *SMP NEGERI 2 CIGUGUR aya di Jalan Bunar No. 9, Cigugur. *SMP NEGERI 2 LANGKAPLANCAR aya di Jalan Pasirwaru No. 33, Langkaplancar. *SMPN SATU ATAP PARIGI aya di Jalan Cikohkol No. 1041, Parigi. *SMP NEGERI 2 SIDAMULIH aya di Jalan Raya Cijulang KM 07, Sidamulih. *SMP NEGERI SATU ATAP 1 LANGKAPLANCAR aya di Dusun Cintamukti Rt 06 / 03, Langkaplancar. *SMP NEGERI 2 PADAHERANG aya di Jalan Raya Pangandaran, Sindangwangi, Padaherang. *SMP TERPADU MAFATIHUL HUDA aya di Jalan Paledah No. 26, Padaherang. *SMP NEGERI 1 SIDAMULIH aya di Jalan Sidamulih No.26, Sidamulih. *SMP TERPADU JAMANIS aya di Jalan Cigugur Km. 03 Pasirkiara, Parigi. *SMP NEGERI SATU ATAP I SIDAMULIH aya di Jalan Karanganyar No.127 Kalijati, Sidamulih. *SMP NEGERI SATU ATAP CIGUGUR aya di Jalan Jurago Dusun Ciguha, Cigugur. *SMP NEGERI SATU ATAP 1 CIMERAK aya di Jalan Cireuma, Cimerak. *SMP NEGERI SATU ATAP 1 KALIPUCANG aya di Dusun Ciparakan, Kalipucang. *SMP NEGERI 6 PADAHERANG aya di Panyutran, Padaherang. *SMPS PLUS MA ARIF NU PANGANDARAN aya di Jalan Bani Husen No. 20 Wonoharjo. *SMPS MIFTAHUL HUDA MUSRI PANGANDARAN aya di Jalan Raya Babakan No. 60, Pangandaran. *SMPS IT IBNU AHKAM KALIPUCANG aya di Jalan Raya Banjarharja, Kalipucang. *SMPS PLUS MA ARIF NU PARIGI aya di Jalan Cintaratu Km. 03, Parigi. *SMP NEGERI 3 KALIPUCANG aya di Dusun Sukasirna Bagolo, Kalipucang. *SMPN 5 LANGKAPLANCAR aya di Jalan Raya Karangkamiri, Langkaplancar. *SMP NU AL-ITQON CIMERAK aya di Dusun Lebaksari Rt024/Rw008, Cimerak. *SMP IT CIBENDA aya di Jalan Raya Cijulang No 66 Cibenda, Parigi. *SMP PLUS NURUL BAYAN CIMERAK aya di Jalan Sindangsari Cidadap, Cimerak. *SMP MAARIF NU NURUL QURAN RANCAPASUNG aya di Dusun Gerewing Rt 25 Rw 03, Padaherang. *SMP NEGERI 6 LANGKAPLANCAR aya di Jalan Raya Bungur Raya, Langkaplancar. *SMP MAARIF NU DARUSSAADAH aya di Cipancur Rt 04/04, Langkaplancar. *SMP DHARMA KSATRIA aya di Dusun Patinggen 2 Rt 20 Rw 05, Padaherang. *SMP AL AMIN PANGANDARAN aya di Pondoklombok Rt 02 Rw 08, Pangandaran. *SMP TERPADU AL MUHAIMIN aya di Dusun Babakan Rt 07 Rw 02, Mangunjaya. *SMP AL-FURQON BOARDING SCHOOL aya di Dusun Cidadap Rt 017 Rw 005, Cimerak. === Madrasah Tsanawiyah === Jumlah madrasah tsanawiyah di Pangandaran anu negri téh aya 4 jeung anu swasta aya 30 sakola. Jumlah guru di sakola negri aya 146 urang jeung jumlah guru di sakola swasta aya 395 urang. Jumlah murid di sakola negri aya 1710 jeung di sakola swasta aya 3880. Jadi, rasiona nyaéta saurang guru ngajar 10 urang murid.<ref name=":1" /> === Sakola Menengah Atas === Jumlah sakola menengan atas di Pangandaran anu negri téh aya 5 jeung anu swasta aya 3 sakola. Jumlah guru di sakola negri aya 212 urang jeung jumlah guru di sakola swasta aya 38 urang. Jumlah murid di sakola negri aya 4114 jeung di sakola swasta aya 453. Jadi, rasiona nyaéta saurang guru ngajar 18 urang murid.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Daptar Sakola ==== Ieu di handap mangrupa daptar SMA di Pangandaran.<ref name=":10" /> *SMAN 1 MANGUNJAYA aya di Jalan Raya Mangunjaya, Mangunjaya. *SMAN 1 PANGANDARAN aya di Jalan Raya Babakan No. 129, Pangandaran. *SMAN 1 PARIGI aya di Jalan Babakan Ardiyasa No.62, Parigi. *SMAS MUHAMMADIYAH PANGANDARAN aya di Jalan Merdeka No. 27 Pangandaran. *SMAN 1 LANGKAPLANCAR aya di Jalan Langkaplancar Dusun Cibeureum, Langkaplancar. *SMA KSATRIA NUSANTARA PADAHERANG aya di Dusun Patinggen 2, Padaherang. *SMA INFORMATIKA NURUL BAYAN aya di Jalan Sindang No.35 Cimerak. *SMA NEGERI 1 CIGUGUR aya di Jalan Jurago No. 178 Rt 33 Rw 11, Cigugur. === Sakola Menengah Kejuruan === Jumlah sakola menengan kejuruan di Pangandaran anu negri téh aya 6 jeung anu swasta aya 25 sakola. Jumlah guru di sakola negri aya 283 urang jeung jumlah guru di sakola swasta aya 369 urang. Jumlah murid di sakola negri aya 5118 jeung di sakola swasta aya 4547. Jadi, rasiona nyaéta saurang guru ngajar 15 urang murid.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Daptar Sakola ==== Ieu di handap mangrupa sapuluhdata sakola menengah kejuruan di Pangandaran anu panghadéna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cilacap.pikiran-rakyat.com/nasional/pr-2396120063/keren-10-smk-unggulan-di-kabupaten-pangandaran-ini-dapat-rating-google-terbaik-berapa-akreditasi-sekolahmu?page=3|title=Keren! 10 SMK Unggulan di Kabupaten Pangandaran ini Dapat Rating Google Terbaik, Berapa Akreditasi Sekolahmu? - Halaman 3|last=Haq|first=Khitob Nur|website=cilacap.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223203620/https://cilacap.pikiran-rakyat.com/nasional/pr-2396120063/keren-10-smk-unggulan-di-kabupaten-pangandaran-ini-dapat-rating-google-terbaik-berapa-akreditasi-sekolahmu?page=3|archivedate=2023-02-23}}</ref> *SMK NEGERI 1 PANGANDARAN aya di Jalan Raya Merdeka No. 222, Pangandaran. *SMK NEGERI 1 CIJULANG aya di Jalan Mayor Raswian, Cijulang. *SMK BAKTI KARYA PARIGI aya di Jalan Raya Cikubang, Parigi. *SMKS PASUNDAN PADAHERANG aya di Raya Pangandaran-Sambong RT18 RW 09 Dusun Sambong, Padaherang. *SMKS PUTERA PANGANDARAN aya di Jalan Barat Lapang Merdeka No. 323, Pangandaran. *SMKN 1 PADAHERANG aya di Jalan Raya Padaherang KM 1, Padaherang. *SMKS PASUNDAN CIJULANG aya di Jalan Raya Cijulang Nomer 222, Cijulang. *SMK NEGERI 1 KALIPUCANG aya di Dusun Cibuluh II RT 15/04, Kalipucang. *SMK PLUS DARUNNAJAH PADAHERANG aya di Jalan Bendung Manganti, Padaherang. *SMKS AL KAUTSAR KALIPUCANG aya di Jalan Raya Kalipucang No. 154, Kalipucang. === Madrasah Aliyah === Jumlah madrasah aliyah di Pangandaran anu negri téh aya 2 jeung anu swasta aya 14 sakola. Jumlah guru di sakola negri aya 68 urang jeung jumlah guru di sakola swasta aya 213 urang. Jumlah murid di sakola negri aya 854 jeung di sakola swasta aya 1860. Jadi, rasiona nyaéta saurang guru ngajar 10 urang murid.<ref name=":1" /> === Paguron Luhur di Pangandaran === Paguron luhur anu aya di Pangandaran téh nyaéta [[Universitas Padjadjaran]], [[Politeknik Kelautan Dan Perikanan Pangandaran]] (Poltek KP pangandaran), [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah Nahdlatul Ulama]] (STITNU) Al-Farabi, [[Universitas Saleh Budiman]] jeung [[Universitas Galuh]] Cabang Pangandaran.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.inews.id/berita/universitas-di-pangandaran-jawa-barat|title=5 Universitas di Pangandaran Jawa Barat, Ada Perkuliahan ala Militer|last=Lestari|first=Ayu Ika|website=iNews.ID|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227022055/https://jabar.inews.id/berita/universitas-di-pangandaran-jawa-barat|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> ==== Universitas Padjadjaran ==== Program Studi di Luar Kampus Utama (PSDKU) Universitas Padjadjaran diadegkeun taun 2016 anu alamatna di Jalan Cintaratu, Désa Cintaratu, Kacamatan Parigi, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Program studi anu aya téh nyaéta Perikanan, Peternakan, Ilmu Komunikasi jeung Keperawatan. Kahiji, program studi perikanan patali jeung paélmuan perikanan hususna di kawasan [[tropis]]. Prospék lulusan ieu program studi bisa jadi pangusaha di widang perikanan jeung ngokolakeun pariwisata di kawasan basisir, ngeusi posisi manajerial di instansi, [[konsultan]] di kawasan basisir jeung kawasan kamekaran perikanan. Kadua, program studi peternakan patali jeung kajian sumber daya alami jeung ternak tropis. Katilu, program studi ilmu [[komunikasi]] patali jeung paélmuan komunikasi pariwisata. Lian ti éta, élmu séjén ogé bakal integratif dina lawungan kuliah kayaning komunikasi [[politik]], [[kaséhatan]] jeung komunikasi [[Média sosial|média]]. Kaopat, Keperawatan anu patali jeung élmu kaséhatan pariwisata (''healt tourism'') manusa boh keur [[wisatawan]], masarakat, pagawé pamaréntah jeung pihak-pihak séjénna anu pakait.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/edu/perguruan-tinggi/d-6135489/mau-kuliah-di-unpad-ini-daftar-prodi-di-kampus-pangandaran-dan-keunggulannya|title=Mau Kuliah di Unpad? Ini Daftar Prodi di Kampus Pangandaran dan Keunggulannya|last=Zulfikar|first=Fahri|website=detikedu|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227022052/https://www.detik.com/edu/perguruan-tinggi/d-6135489/mau-kuliah-di-unpad-ini-daftar-prodi-di-kampus-pangandaran-dan-keunggulannya|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> ==== Politeknik Kelautan Dan Perikanan Pangandaran ==== Ieu politeknik aya di Jalan Raya Babakan KM 2, Désa Babakan, Kacamatan Pangandaran. Lajuning laku atikan di satuan pendidikan KKP leuwih ngutamakeun prakték kaparigelan batan tiori anu kaunggel dina [[kurikulum]] kalawan komposisi 30 persén tiori jeung 70 persén prakték. Atikan vokasional di satuan pendidikan di KKP nyaéta mekarna pangaweruh (''knowledge''), kaparigelan (''skills'') jeung karakter (''character building''). Atikan vokasional dilaksanakeun ngagunakeun pamarekan ''Teaching Factory'' (TEFA), nepi ka para [[mahasiswa]] boga kompeténsi dina sistem [[produksi]] kawas di dunya [[industri]]. Sistem panarimaan mahasiswa ngagunakeun perséntase 50 persén barudak palaku utama (kultivator, pamayang, pangolah lauk jeung patani uyah), sarta 50 persén masarakat umum. Jurusan anu aya nyaéta Budidaya Ikan, Pengolahan Hasil Laut, jeung Teknologi Kelautan.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=https://pkpp.ac.id/|title=PKPP – Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Pangandaran|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227022057/https://pkpp.ac.id/|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> ===== Dasar Hukum ===== Ieu politeknik diadegkeun dumasar Surat [[Menteri]] [[Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi]] Republik Indonesia No. 261/M/IX/2017 dina ping 26 [[Séptémber]] 2017 jadi awal ngadegna Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Pangandaran. Keputusan Kepala [[Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan]] Nomor: 96/KEP-BRSDM/2017 tanggal 2 November 2017 ngeunaan Tim persiapan penyelanggaraan Tri Dharma paguron luhur dina POLITEKNIK KP, PERMEN KP No. 46/ Permen-KP/2018 tanggal 8 [[November|Nopémber]] 2018 ngeunaan [[Organisasi]] jeung tata kerja POLITEKNIK KP jeung PERMEN KP No. 59/ Permen-KP/2018ping 26 Désémber 2018 ngeunaan Statuta Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Pangandaran.<ref name=":23" /> ==== Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah Nahdlatul Ulama (STITNU) Al-Farabi ==== Sakola Ilmu Tarbiyah Nahdatul Ulama Al Farabi Pangandaran nyaéta paguron luhur anu resmi ngadeg ti taun 2014 kalayan nomer Surat Katerangan [[Kementrian Agama]] Republik Indonesia Nomer 7052. STIT NU Al Farabi téh paguron luhur resmi munggaran di Pangandaran. STIT NU Al Farabi boga dua jurusan, nyaéta Manajemén Pendidikan Islam jeung Pendidikan Islam [[Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini|PAUD]]. Nyukcruk sajarah Sakola Tarbiyah Nahdlatul Ulama Al Farabi Pangandaran, dialpukahan taun 1983 ku K. H. Ahmad Tajudin. Anjeunna ahli [[mantiq]] anu medalkeun generasi Qur'an, mampuh nganalisis Al-Quran, [[Hadits]], [[Ijma]]’, [[Qiyas]] dina rupa-rupa puseur implengan, utamana [[linguistik]]. Ngaran [[Al Farabi]] téh [[ulama]] anu aya dina widang [[logika]], ku kituna ieu universitas dingaranan Al Farabi, sabab anjeunna jadi inohong dina widang logika jeung mudah-mudahan ka hareupna alumni STIT NU Al Farabi jadi individu anu unggul kawas Al Farabi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stitnualfarabi.ac.id/beranda/tentang-kami/sejarah/|title=SEJARAH|website=STITNU AL-FARABI PANGANDARAN|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227022057/https://stitnualfarabi.ac.id/beranda/tentang-kami/sejarah/|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> ==== Universitas Saleh Budiman ==== Ieu universitas diadegkeun ku Yayasan HS Budiman.Program anu dicanangkeun téh nyaéta atikan, kaséhatan jeung politik.<ref name=":24" /> ==== Universitas Galuh ==== Ieu universitas aya di Désa Margacinta, Kacamtan Cijulang, Pangandaran. Program studi anu geus dibuka nyaéta Ilmu sosial politik jeung pertanian.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2018/02/ini-daftar-program-studi-kampus-2-unigal-pangandaran/|title=Ini Daftar Program Studi Kampus 2 Unigal Pangandaran|last=Madlani|website=Harapan Rakyat|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227032056/https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2018/02/ini-daftar-program-studi-kampus-2-unigal-pangandaran/|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> == Pariwisata == === Méga Téraséring === Méga Téraséring ayana di Cibuluh, [[Désa Sukamulya]], Kacamatan Langkaplancar, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Ieu [[Kampung]] Reforma Agraria bisa jadi pilihan sabab bisa midangkeun suasana pa[[sawah]]an jeung alam anu kacida éndah ciri utama daérah pi[[lembur]]an. Aya tilu désa anu kaasup kana mega téraséring di antarana Désa Sukamulya, [[Désa Campaka]] jeung [[Désa Jadimulya]] kalayan lega wilayahna 1.200 héktar.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/wisata/d-6349819/liburan-ke-pangandaran-jangan-lupa-jajal-14-objek-wisata-ini|title=Liburan ke Pangandaran, Jangan Lupa Jajal 14 Objek Wisata Ini|last=Fadillah|first=Aldi Nur|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217210855/https://www.detik.com/jabar/wisata/d-6349819/liburan-ke-pangandaran-jangan-lupa-jajal-14-objek-wisata-ini|archivedate=2023-02-17}}</ref> Désa Sukamulya geus kaasup salah sahiji 80 Désa Budaya tina 74.000 Désa anu aya di Indonesia. dumasar SK  Kemendikbud Ristek ping 1 April 2022. Di sabudeureun méga téraséring ogé aya pasar sawah anu mangrupa inisiatif masarakat anu kréatif. Ieu pasar téh ngajual rupa-rupa kadaharan anu biasana jadi pangjugjugan wisatawatan anu datang utamana anu nyapédah ngamangpaatkeun kondisi jalan améga térasering anu tiis. Kadaharan anu dijual téh nyaéta saperti lahang, pecel, gula kawung asli, gegetuk, awug, surabi, cuhcur, dawegan, jeung wédang jahé. Salian ti éta, sok aya ogé sangu liwet sapuratina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2022/11/pasar-sawah-mega-terasering-wisata-berbasis-budaya-di-pangandaran/|title=Pasar Sawah Mega Terasering, Wisata Berbasis Budaya di Pangandaran|last=Madlani|website=Harapan Rakyat|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217210855/https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2022/11/pasar-sawah-mega-terasering-wisata-berbasis-budaya-di-pangandaran/|archivedate=2023-02-17}}</ref> === Batu Lumpang === Objék wisata alam Batu Lumpang pernahna di [[Désa Parakanmanggu]], Kacamatan Parigi, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Jarakna 21,4 Km atawa kurang leuwih 44 menit perjalanan ti puseur [[Dayeuh]] Pangandaran ngaliwatan Jalan Kacamatan Cigugur. [[Walungan]] Batu Lumpang ngamalir ti Ciwayang. Ieu lokasi wisata mangrupa salah sahiji tempat panghadéna keur aktivitas wisata dina [[cai]], di antarana, body rafting, kayak atawa kano, nyalusur walungan jeung ngojay.<ref name=":5" /> Wisata Batu Lumpang téh ayana di kawasan batuan [[kapur]] atawa ékosistem karst di Dusun Dukuh 1. Pasir kapur jeung [[lamping]] anu jararangkung jadi ciri utama wisatana, matak loba anu nyebut ogé Grand Cliff atawa lamping agung. Aktivitas wisata cai anu pangdipikaresepna nyaéta kayak kalayan rute jalan anu pondok jeung anu panjang kira-kira waktu tempuhna 1-4 jam. Waragadna ukur 100.000-250.000/saurang. Salian ti éta, wisatawan ogé bakal diuji adrenalinna ku cara [[luncat]] tina lamping kana cai walungan aya anu jangkungna 5 méter aya ogé anu 10 méter. Salila aktivitas wisata cai lumangsung, wisatawan ogé bisa nempoan guha landak kalayan kaéndah ukiran batu [[stalagtit]] jeung [[stalagmit]] anu lumayan baradag. Jerona guha kurang leuwih 400 méter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sumsel24.com/plesiran/pr-3284013417/hoby-naik-kayak-atau-kano-batu-lumpang-garden-pangandaran-bisa-jadi-pilihan-untuk-body-rafting|title=Hoby Naik Kayak Atau Kano, Batu Lumpang Garden Pangandaran Bisa Jadi Pilihan Untuk Body Rafting - Sumsel 24|last=Tuswanto|website=www.sumsel24.com|accessdate=2023-02-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218185447/https://www.sumsel24.com/plesiran/amp/pr-3284013417/hoby-naik-kayak-atau-kano-batu-lumpang-garden-pangandaran-bisa-jadi-pilihan-untuk-body-rafting |date=2023-02-18 }}</ref> Gua Landak téh dibuka keur kagiatan wisata taun 2020 kalayan saméméhna teu kahaja kapanggih ku masarakat sabudeureun tempat. Jarakna kurang leuwih 300 méter ti tempat parkir kandaraan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.validnews.id/kultura/serunya-susur-sungai-dan-gua-di-batu-lumpang-pangandaran|title=Serunya Susur Sungai Dan Gua Di Batu Lumpang Pangandaran|last=Samudra|first=Gema Bayu|website=https://www.validnews.id/|accessdate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118183530/https://validnews.id/kultura/serunya-susur-sungai-dan-gua-di-batu-lumpang-pangandaran|archivedate=2025-01-18}}</ref> === Santirah === Désa Wisata Santirah Bodyrafting mangrupa salah sahiji pilihan liburan di wewengkon pilemburan. Objek wisata alam Santirah mangrupa [[Curug]] atawa air terjun anu deukeut jeung [[surupan]] (cai walungan anu asup kana jero [[guha]]). Guhana mangrupa jalan cai walungan anu ngamalir ka arah Walungan Citumang nepi ka labas ka laut. Lokasina aya di [[Désa Selasari]], Kacamatan Parigi, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Kira-kira 42 menit lalampahan atawa 24,7 km ti bunderan Marlin Pangandaran ngaliwatan Jalan Raya Cijulang jeung Jalan Cintaratu.<ref name=":5" /> Ieu wisata buka ti [[senén]] nepi ka [[minggu]] jam 08.00 - 16.30 WIB. Anapon fasilitas anu aya nyaéta [[alat]] wisata cai jeung pemandu geus sayaga di tempatna. Lamun ngalakukeun nyalusur walungan, bakal katémbong pamandangan 4 [[lulurung]] alami tina batuan karst, 5 curug alami anu éndah, lamping [[batu]] anu rupa-rupa wangunna jeung ngagolontorna cai anu hérang ngagenclang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/green-santirah/|title=Green Santirah, Wonderfull River Tubing di Pangandaran - NativeIndonesia.com|last=Sukmah|first=Fenti|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219044749/https://www.nativeindonesia.com/green-santirah/|archivedate=2023-02-19}}</ref> === Jojogan === Objék wisata alam Jojogan jadi salah sahiji pilihan liburan ka Pangandaran. Jojogan mangrupa tempat wisata di Gunung Tilu, [[Désa Cintaratu]], Kacamatan Parigi, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Wisata alam pagunungan anu midangkeun kaéndahan alam anu liuh ku tatangkalan jeung panorama alam basisir Pangandaran bisa katempo ti ieu pasir. Ieu objék wisata aya di 1000 MdPL atawa kurang leuwih 1660 saluhureun beungeut laut.<ref name=":5" /> [[Gambar:Body rafting green canyon.jpg|jmpl|Body Rafting di Cukang Taneuh.]] === Green Canyon === Green Canyon salah sahiji objék wisata keur nguji [[adrenalin]] anu pernahna di Désa Kertayasa, Kacamatan Cijulang, Kabupatén Pangandaran anu jarakna kira-kira 57 menit lalampahan kalawan jarak tempuh jarak tempuh 28,9 km ngaliwatan Jalan Raya Cijulang. Green Canyon midangkeun kaéndahan alam ngagolontorna cai walungan anu digédéng ku dua [[pasir]] babatuan anu narabas ka guha. Tah, dina lawing guhana aya ngaririncik cai abadi anu teu kungsi saat sanajan [[usum]] [[halodo]]. Aktivitas wisata cai anu bisa dilakukeun nyaéta bodyrafting, ngojay, naék [[parahu]] jeung nyalusur walungan.<ref name=":5" /> Ngaran Green Canyon mimiti diwanohkeun ku wisatawan ti [[Prancis]] anu ngaranna Bill Jhon anu matalikeun kaayaan alam di cukang taneuh jeung [[Arizona]], [[Amérika Serikat]]. Warga lokal nyebut cukang taneuh sabab aya [[Cukang Taneuh|cukang]] tina taneuh anu panjangna 3 méter kabentuk sacara alami nepi ka ngahubungkeun lamping walungan Kacamatan Cijulang jeung Kacamatan Cimerak. Anapon keur atraksi wisata mah aya sababaraha tempat anu bisa didatangan nyaéta guha cukang taneuh, Batu Tengah, Batu Payung jeung Pamandian Putri. Harga tikét asup nyaéta 10.000, tapi lamun hayang body rafting mah aya pakét 200.000 nepi ka 450.000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/wisata/d-6309831/rute-lokasi-dan-harga-tiket-green-canyon-pangandaran|title=Rute, Lokasi dan Harga Tiket Green Canyon Pangandaran|last=Fadillah|first=Aldi Nur|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219044753/https://www.detik.com/jabar/wisata/d-6309831/rute-lokasi-dan-harga-tiket-green-canyon-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-19}}</ref> [[Gambar:Madasari Beach.jpg|jmpl|Basisir Madasari Pangandaran.]] === Basisir Madasari === Basisir Madasari blok Bulak Benda pernahna di [[Désa Masawah]], Kacamatan Cimerak. Kurang leuwih 20 km ti puseur dayeuh Pangandaran. Basisir Bulak Benda teu bisa dipaké ngojay sabab lambakna anu gedé pisan. Ngan bisa digunakeun keur surfing wungkul komo pamaén surfing [[kidal]] mah. Bulak Benda kawentar ku Tugu Tsunami Singkil anu jadi ciri utamana.<ref name=":5" /> Ieu basisir téh lila teu kajangkau ku [[manusa]], malah saacan diresmikeun jadi tempat wisata mah ngaranna téh Madang Nyari. Ngan ku Daéng Danto urang [[Kota Padang|Bugis]] dirobah ngaranna jadi Madasari. Mada téh hartina [[Pangan|kadaharan]], ari sari hartina rasa. Anapon [[sajarah]] lengkepna kieu, Jaman baheula ieu wilayah téh mangrupa pakaburan [[Kuda]] Ngapung nu [[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa|Sultan Agung]] ti [[Mataram]]. Kuda téh jalu jeung dibawa langsung ti [[Mekah]] waktu ngalakukeun [[ibadah]] [[haji]]. Di pilemburan kuda téh ngawin kuda [[bikang]]. Hanjakal kuda anu dikawin téh paéh. Sabab kudana paéh nu bogana nepi ka teu nyari dahar atawa teu mirasa lamun dahar téh. Tah ti harita di wewengkon madasari mah ulah miara kuda [[jalu]] da matak [[sial]] jeung picilakaeun wungkul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topijelajah.com/pantai-madasari.html|title=Pantai Madasari Pangandaran: Lokasi, Foto, Penginapan|last=Ambarsari|first=Novi|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219050324/https://www.topijelajah.com/pantai-madasari.html|archivedate=2023-02-19}}</ref> [[Gambar:Pintu masuk pantai Batu Hiu.jpg|jmpl|270x270px|Lulurung Hiu mun asup ka Pulo Leutik.]] === Basisir Batu Hiu === Batu Hiu pernahna di [[Ciliang, Parigi, Ciamis|Désa Ciliang]], Kacamatan Parigi, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Ieu basisir téh nyanghareup ka [[kidul]] [[Pulo Jawa]]. Lokasina kurang leuwih 14 kilométer ti puseur dayeuh Pangandaran. Salah sahiji tempat anu mideng dipikaresep ku wisatawan nyaéta [[pulo]] leutik, ti dinya bisa nempo biruna laut jeung gunukan [[Karang|batu karang]] anu méh akur jeung sirip [[Hiu|lauk hiu]]. Keur ngajangkau pulo leutik téh kudu ngaliwatan heula lulurung anu jiga [[Baham|sungut]] lauk hiu. Salian ti aya pulo leutik, di dieu gé aya puseur miara [[penyu]] atawa [[kuya]] leutik anu dikokolakeun ku Kelompok Pelestari [[Biota]] Laut. Lian ti éta, aya ogé [[makam]] karamat jeung bentangan lamping karang anu sakitu éndahna jiga di [[Tanah Lot]], [[Bali]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribunnewswiki.com/2020/02/05/pantai-batu-hiu|title=Pantai Batu Hiu|last=Haris|website=Tribunnewswiki.com|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219054221/https://www.tribunnewswiki.com/2020/02/05/pantai-batu-hiu|archivedate=2023-02-19}}</ref> [[Gambar:Pantai Batu Hiu Pangandaran.jpg|jmpl|320x320px|Pulo Leutik anu batuna jiga sirip Hiu.]] ==== Dongéng ==== Kacaritakeun dina abad ka sawelas, datang rombongan ti karajaan mataram nu di pimpin ku Aki Gedé jeung Nini Gede. Rombongan téh mangrupa [[Prajurit|prajurit-prajurit]] ti Mataram. Ku sabab, kasakténna marénahna di usir ku [[Karajaan Mataram (Hindu)|karajaan]] sabab para luluhur karajaan sieun kasaingan tanding lamun éta Aki jeung Nini Gedé masih kénéh aya di sabuderun karajaan mataram mah. Geus lila ngalalakon ahirna nepi ka daérah basisir laut kidul (ayeuna jadi batu hiu) Aki jeung Nini Gedé istirahat. Nalika istirahat Aki nitah ka rombonganana néangan lauk jang dahar rombonganana. Basa éta prajurit nu di titah téh nyaéta Galuh Oder jeung Galunggung Kuning. Aranjeunna néngan nepi ka tengah laut nu ahirna eta prajurit nu duaan tadi meunangkeun lauk anu kacida gédéna. Kabungah maranéhna karasa nepi ka éak-éakan. Tuluy wé di bawa ka sisi basisir pikeun diasakan ku rombongan nu séjénna tapi saacan éta lauk di asakan eta lauk ditingali heula ku Aki jeung Nini Gedé. Saprak éta di tingali ku Aki jeung Nini Gedé maranehna ngarasa reuwas ningali lauk badag nu miboga [[sisit]] kasar jeung heuras. Aki jeung Nini Gedé nyebut Lauk Hiu. Saprak Aki jeung Nini nyebutkeun kekecapan éta, lauk robah jadi batu badag nu jiga lauk hiu. Tah ti harita éta lembur katelah waé Batu Hiu nu perenahna di Désa Ciliang kecamatan, Kabupatén pangandaran.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Humaira|first=Megan Asri|date=2015-10-10|title=LEGENDA BATU HIU: ANALISIS STRUKTUR, KONTEKS PENUTUR, FUNGSI, DAN MAKNA|url=https://ojs.unida.ac.id/index.php/jtdik/article/download/308/188|journal=DIDAKTIKA TAUHIDI: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar|language=en|volume=2|issue=2|pages=108–120|doi=10.30997/dt.v2i2.308|issn=2550-0252|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414142923/http://ojs.unida.ac.id/index.php/jtdik/article/download/308/188|archive-date=2018-04-14|accessdate=2023-02-19}}</ref> [[Gambar:Pemandangan Pantai Pasir Putih Pangandaran.jpg|jmpl|270x270px|Keusik bodas di Karapyak sarua jeung di Pangandaran.]] === Basisir Karapyak === Basisir Karapyak anu katelahna ''paradise beach'' mangrupa tempat wisata anu aya di [[Bagolo, Kalipucang, Ciamis|Désa Bagolo]], Kacamatan Kalipucang, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Jarakna kira-kira 7,9 kilométer kalayan waktu tempuh 14 menit ti Tugu Emplak Kalipucang atawa ti Bunderan Marlin Pangandaran anu jarakna kira-kira 19,6 kilométer. Pamandangan di Karapyak mah nyaéta [[keusik]] [[bodas]] jeung sapanjang [[garis]] basisirna diwuwuh ku batu karang anu kacida éndahna. Ku sabab, loba batu karang jadi di sisi basisir téh loba [[Sato|sasatoan]] laut kayaning lauk laleutik jeung biota laut lianna. Salian ti fasilitas alami tadi aya ogé [[Hotel|Hotel Melati]] atawa Pondok Wisata, [[Réstorasi Méiji|restoran]], lokasi ''rest area'', ''coffee shop,'' mushola jeung ''camping ground''. <ref name=":8" /> ==== Dongéng ==== Ngaran Karapyak téh mangrupa jujuluk anu dimimitian ku [[Sudagar Batik|saudagar]] [[munding]]. Kacaturkeun baheula aya saudagar anu [[sakti]] manggulang-manggaling kaceluk kamamana. Anjeunna boga munding anu disiapkeun jeung dipiara, tapi keur didadago rék diurus téh kalah teu datang waé ka [[kandang]]. Antukna ambek jeung ngaruksak kandangna. Urut kandang munding éta dirobah jadi batu atawa guha dan mundingna teu balik-balik. Ku urang sabudeureun bagolo tempat éta dingaranan Panembahan Kandang Munding anu dina taun 1975 nepi ka 1981 mah mindeng loba anu ngadatangan keur néangan nomer [[kupon]] jitu SDSB. Ti harita, wilayah bagolo meunang supata yén anu nalanjak miara munding pasti bakal [[paéh]] jeung mawa sial anu ngukutna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2016/06/ternyata-begini-cerita-dibalik-nama-pantai-karapyak-pangandaran/|title=Ternyata, Begini Cerita Dibalik Nama Pantai Karapyak Pangandaran|last=Rachman|first=Entang Saeful|website=Harapan Rakyat|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219070851/https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2016/06/ternyata-begini-cerita-dibalik-nama-pantai-karapyak-pangandaran/|archivedate=2023-02-19}}</ref> ==== Alternatif wisata ==== Salian ti éta, aya ogé wisata alternatif di Karapyak nyaéta ''Karapyak Glamping and Lodges'' jeung ''Teras Karacak Valley''. ''Karapyak Glamping and Lodges'' mah mangrupa tempat tempat ulin, swafoto jeung tempat kémah anu jarakna ukur 240 méter ti basisir karapyak. Lega lahanna 7.467 méter persegi. [[Arsitéktur|Arsitékturna]] ngagunakeun jawa klasik jeung [[modérn]]. Ti ieu tempat bisa katempo gugusan [[Nusakambangan|Pulo Nusakambangan]], Pasir Gunung, Batuan Karang, [[Teluk Nusawere]], Muara Walungan [[Citanduy]], [[Cagar Alam]] Teluk Pananjung Pangandaran jeung Samudra Hindia. Di jero hotél aya dua kolal paranti ngojay jeung spa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2022/10/18/wisata-pantai-pangandaran-terbaru-karapyak-glamping-lodges-jadi-destinasi-dengan-view-yang-lengkap|title=Wisata Pantai Pangandaran Terbaru, Karapyak Glamping Lodges Jadi Destinasi dengan View yang Lengkap|last=Padni|website=Tribunjabar.id|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219073800/https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2022/10/18/wisata-pantai-pangandaran-terbaru-karapyak-glamping-lodges-jadi-destinasi-dengan-view-yang-lengkap|archivedate=2023-02-19}}</ref> Ari ''Teras Karacak Valley'' tempat dipoto anu pamandanganana langsung satungtung deuleu basisir karapyak.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://tourism.pangandarankab.go.id/artikel/destinasi-wisata-pantai-karapyak|title=Destinasi Wisata Pantai Karapyak|last=Saepudin|first=Ana|website=tourism.pangandarankab.go.id|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219070852/https://tourism.pangandarankab.go.id/artikel/destinasi-wisata-pantai-karapyak|archivedate=2023-02-19}}</ref> [[Gambar:Batukaras3.jpg|jmpl|Kaayaan di Batukaras.]] [[Gambar:Batukaras2.jpg|jmpl|Batu damar jeung batu anu ti baheula teu robah wangunna ti baheula.]] === Basisir Batukaras === Basisir Batukaras pernahna di [[Batukaras, Cijulang, Ciamis|Désa Batukaras]], Kacamatan Cijulang, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Jarak tempuhna 34,1 kilométer ti Bunderan Marlin Pangandaran kalawan kurang leuwih lalampahan 56 menit. Ieu basisir mimiti diwanohkeun dina taun 1970-an ku Ucup ka [[turis]] urang [[Australia]]. Jaman harita ukur anjeunna anu lancar [[Sanyawa Basa|basa]] [[Inggris|inggrisna]]. Turis anu diwanohkeun téh kacida resepna sabab basisir batukaras mah tenang [[Lambak|lambakna]] jeung mangrupa teluk. Tuluy kakara taun 1980-an, basisir dibuka keur umum boh wisatawan lokal, boh internasional. Sabab beuki ramé anu datang, diwangun wé hotél munggaran anu dingaranan Legok Pari (kiwari Hotél Teratai). Ngaran batukaras téh asalna tina [[dua]] [[kecap]] nyaéta batu jeung karas. Batu mah barang anu teuas tapi lain [[logam]], ari karas mah hartina [[papan]] [[kai]] atawa dadampar batu keur [[sastrawan]] [[kuno]] ngukir atawa [[nulis]] [[Karya sastra|karyana]]. Lian ti éta, batukaras gé batu anu teuas. Sabab di ieu tempat mah loba batu teuas, anu kawentar nyaéta batu damar. Dingaranan [[damar]] sabab lamun geus [[peuting]] mah batu téh jiga hurung jeung pangcaangna ti batan batu anu séjén. Di Batukaras ogé aya konsérvasi mangrove di blok sanghyangkalang kira-kira sakilométer ti basisir batukaras. Lamun disalusur deui salian ti wisata konsérvasi, aya deui [[Situ Cisamping]] di [[Mandala|Désa Mandala]] jeung Pasir Bintaos anu jadi panghubung ti basisir batukaras ka madasari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/wisata/d-6333292/sejarah-dan-potensi-pantai-batukaras-spot-wisata-favorit-pangandaran|title=Sejarah dan Potensi Pantai Batukaras, Spot Wisata Favorit Pangandaran|last=Fadilah|first=Aldi Nur|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219083627/https://www.detik.com/jabar/wisata/d-6333292/sejarah-dan-potensi-pantai-batukaras-spot-wisata-favorit-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-19}}</ref> === Basisir Karang Nini === Basisir Karang Nini pernahna di Désa Emplak, Kacamatan Kalipucang, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Di ieu basisir dipahing pisan ngojay sabab lambakna anu gedé jeung loba batu karang anu bisa ngabahayakeun. Wisatawan ukur bisa dipoto, nempo pamandangan basisir keusik bodas anu kacida éndahna jeung nempo biota laut di sisi basisir anu kajebak ku batu karang. Lamun hayang ngajugjug ka Karang Nini kurang leuwih 12 kilométer ti puseur dayeuh Pangandaran atawa 30 menit lalampahan. Di sabudeureun Karang Nini pinuh ku leuweung [[konsérvasi]] tatangkalan kayaning [[mahoni]], [[jati]] jeung [[Albasia|albu]]. Lian ti éta, urang bisa nempo torowongan urut karéta api anu pangpanjangna di Indonesia kira-kira panjangna 1,2 kilométer anu dingaranan [[Torowongan Wilhélmina|torowongan Wihelmina]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://priangan.tribunnews.com/2022/12/10/serunya-nerlibur-di-pantai-karang-nini-di-pangandaran-bisa-jadi-spot-foto-dan-tempat-berkemah|title=Serunya Berlibur di Pantai Karang Nini di Pangandaran, Bisa Jadi Spot Foto dan Tempat Berkemah|last=Lisaholith|first=Lu'un Aulia|website=tribunpriangan.com|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219152855/https://priangan.tribunnews.com/2022/12/10/serunya-nerlibur-di-pantai-karang-nini-di-pangandaran-bisa-jadi-spot-foto-dan-tempat-berkemah|archivedate=2023-02-19}}</ref> ==== Dongéng ==== Harita di Desa Karangtanjung, mun ayeuna mah katelahna Désa Emplak. Hirup sapasang  salaki pamajikan. Katelahna Aki Argapati Ara jeung Nini Ambu Kolot, anu najan mangpuluh-puluh taun geus rarabi can waé kasinugrhan boga turunan. Tapi najan kitu, teu ieuh ngurangan kana kasugeman lalayaran dina sagara rumah tangga, tetep silih pikanyaah, pikadeudeuh lain bobohongan. Demi nutupan pangabutuh sapopoéna, unggal peuting Ki Argapati Ara sok kalaut néangan lauk keur deungeun [[sangu]]. Dina hiji waktu Ki Argapati Ara seja indit ka laut, mung hanjakal [[Usum|cuacana]] keur butut. Ti dinya Ambu Kolot teu ngawidian ka salakina, tapi angger Ki Argapati Ara naék kana parahu mangkat ka laut néangan lauk. Ku hariwang kacida Nini Ambu kolot tetep nyaram, oge tetep Ki Argapati Ara merekedeweng hayang ngala lauk. Sanggeus kitu Ki Argapati Ara ka tengah lautan. Ngadak-ngadak langit angkeb, cuaca mendung, gumpalan ombak ageung neunggar parahu Ki Argapati Ara. Barang di neunggar parahu teh ancur, Ki Argapati Ara kabawa lambak ka hilir ka girang, ka buntang-banting. Rarasaan Ambu Kolot teu genah, sabab inget ka salakina bisi aya nanaon, sabab cuacana butut téa. Sanggeus kitu, Nini Ambu Kolot lumpat ka Basisir bari ngagaeroan salakina, kadéngé ku tatanggana yén Ki Argapati Ara teu aya. Terus ditéangan bari di bantuan ku tatanggana, tapi weléh teu kapanggih. Nini Ambu Kolot diuk dina batu karang unggal poé laju sok bari ngadu'a, “Nun Gusti, mudah-mudahan salaki abdi upami masih keneh hirup, dimana ayeuna upami parantos maot hoyong ditingalikeun jasadna. Margi abdi tos jangji badé sauyunan dugi ka pati, sabagja sacilaka jeung salaki abdi.” Gusti nu maha agung ngaijabah du’ana Nini Ambu Kolot. Katingali  batu karang dihareupeun Ambu Kolot. “Sing yakin, batu karang anu ngambang di hareupeun téh asalna tina jelmaan Ki Argapati Ara. Jadi, ulah ngaharepkeun deui salaki anjeun bisa hirup kawas sabihara-sabihari”. Kitu nu kadéngé ku Nini Ambu ti sora anu ghaib téh. Nini Ambu ukur bisa olohok. Teu nyangka sacongo buuk lamun salaki anu dipikacintana ngalaman nasib nu pait kawas kitu. Tapi, Nini Ambu kolot sadar, yén sakabéh anu tumiba ka diri jeung salakina teh takdir tu nu Kawasa nu teu bias di pungpang. Nya Nini Ambu diuk dina batu karang téa, bari nyurucud cisoca. Gedé kanyaah jeung duriatna ka nu jadi salaki. Nini Ambu lungsur tina batu karang. Brek deku mayunan batu karang anu aya dihareupeunana. Nini Ambu Kolot ngadu’a, “Nun Pangéran abdi sadaya, abdi kalintang nyaahna ka salaki abdi, salamina hoyong sasarengan. Jadikeun abdi kawas salaki abdi.”  Beuki murubut cisocana. Paménta Nini Ambu diijabah ku Pangéran. Ngadak sakala langit nu tadi lenglang jadi ceudeum. Paul ngajanggélék jadi pulas hideung, pihujaneun. Kingkilaban ting bérébét silih samber, jiga nu sukan-sukan jeung angina anu tingsaléor kukurayeun. Bareng jeung kajadian kitu, Nini Ambu jleg ngajanggélék jadi batu karang. Persisna pahareup-hareup jeung batu karang jelmaan salakina. Bentukna kawas awak nini-nini. Nya ti harita ku warga sapanjang basisir, éta patempatan dingaranan Karang Nini ,Sedengken batu anu aya di hareupeunana nyaéta Balé Kambang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://priangantimurnews.pikiran-rakyat.com/budaya/pr-1223842381/sejarah-asal-usul-pantai-karang-nini-pangandaran-ada-kisah-cinta-sehidup-semati-dua-insan-manusia|title=Sejarah Asal Usul Pantai Karang Nini Pangandaran, Ada Kisah Cinta Sehidup Semati Dua Insan Manusia|last=Nugraha|first=Galih Cipta|website=priangantimurnews.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219152855/https://priangantimurnews.pikiran-rakyat.com/budaya/pr-1223842381/sejarah-asal-usul-pantai-karang-nini-pangandaran-ada-kisah-cinta-sehidup-semati-dua-insan-manusia|archivedate=2023-02-19}}</ref> [[Gambar:Rusa Cagar Alam Pangandaran.jpg|jmpl|Rusa di Cagar Alam Pangandaran.]] === Cagar Alam === Cagar Alam Pangandaran nyaéta [[cagar alam]] anu aya di Désa Pangandaran, Kacamatan Pangandaran, Kabupatén Pangandaran, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran téh padeukeut jeung Taman Wisata Alam Pangandaran anu jadi tempat wisata di Jawa Barat. Sajarah kabentukna kawasan konservasi Pangandaran dimimitian nalika Residen Priangan (Y. Eycken) ngawasa dina taun 1922, kalayan ngajukeun pikeun ngarobah wewengkon anu tadina mangrupa wewengkon tani jadi [[Cagar alam liar|taman moro.GB]] No. 19-669 dikaluarkeun ku Diréktur Van Scomishe Zoken dina ping 7 Désémber 1934. Taun 1961 robah status tina Suaka Margasatwa jadi Cagar Alam Pangandaran anu legana 457 héktar dumasar kana SK [[Daptar Menteri Pertanian Indonésia|Menteri Pertanian]] No. 34/KMP/1961, ping 20 April 1961 sanggeus kapanggihna kembang [[Raksasa Padma|Padma Raflesia]]. Luyu jeung kabutuhan masarakat kana rékréasi, sawaréh lahan anu legana kana legana 37,70 héktar dijadikeun Leuweung Pariwisata dina wangun Taman Wisata Alam (TWA), antukna lega cagar alam téh nambahan jadi 419,3 héktar dumasar kana Surat Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomer 170/Kpts/Um/1978 ping 10 Maret 1978.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|url=http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=594&lang=id|title=Cagar Alam Pananjung|last=|first=|website=disparbud.jabarprov.go.id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531182827/http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=594&lang=id|archivedate=2020-05-31}}</ref> Ku ayana gunukan karang anu alus di sabudeureun basisir Cagar Alam, dumasar kana SK [[Daptar Menteri Lingkungan Hidup jeung Kehutanan Indonésia|Mentri Kehutanan]] No. 225/Kpts-II/1990 tanggal 8 Maret 1990, basisir anu legana 470 héktar ditunjuk jadi Cagar Alam Laut Pananjung Pangandaran.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=http://bbksdajabar.ksdae.menlhk.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Profil-Bidwil-3-Fix_skw_6_cal-pangandaran.pdf|title=Cagar Alam Laut Pananjung Pangandaran|last=|first=|website=bbksdajabar.ksdae.menlhk.go.id|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201152432/http://bbksdajabar.ksdae.menlhk.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Profil-Bidwil-3-Fix_skw_6_cal-pangandaran.pdf|archivedate=2023-02-01}}</ref> [[Gambar:Monyet di Cagar alam Pangandaran.jpg|jmpl|Monyét anu dibébaskeun di Cagar Alam Pangandaran.]] ==== Sasatoan ==== Fauna anu bisa kapanggih nyaéta [[Cra monyét|monyét]] (''[[Macaca fascicularis]]''), [[Lutung|monyét]] (''Trachipytecus auratus''), [[landak]] ( ''Hystrix bracyura''), [[Peusing Sunda|pangolins]] (''Manis Javanica''), [[Uncal Sunda|kijang]] (''Cervus Timorensis'') jeung [[Peucang|kijang]] (''Tragulus Javanicus''). Sedengkeun pikeun jenis [[manuk]], di wewengkon ieu bisa kapanggih manuk [[tulungulung]] (''Magalaema javensis''), manuk [[Kangguru beuteung bodas|Kangkareng]] (''Anthracoceros convexus''), [[Cangéhgar|unggas leuweung]] (''Gallus varius''), [[Tando]] (''Chynocephalus variegatus'') jeung [[Sanca|oray piton]] (''Python molurus''). <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gogreencanyon.com/2014/09/taman-wisata-alam-dan-cagar-alam.html|title=Green Canyon Pangandaran|last=Khatulistiwa|first=|website=Green Canyon Pangandaran|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222022044/https://www.gogreencanyon.com/2014/09/taman-wisata-alam-dan-cagar-alam.html|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> ==== Tutuwuhan ==== Kira-kira 80% tina tutuwuhan mangrupa végétasi [[leuweung sekundér]] heubeul jeung sésana mangrupa [[leuweung primér]]. Tangkal anu dominan di antarana [[Laban]] (''Vitex pubescens''), [[Kiségél]] (''Dilenia excelsea''), jeung [[Marong]] (''Cratoxylon formosum''). Sajaba ti éta, aya ogé jenis tangkal kayaning [[Rengas|Reungas]] (''Buchanania arborencens''), [[Kondang]] (''Ficus variegata''), [[teureup]] (''Artocarpus elsatica'') jeung sajabana. Tina formasi [[Barringtonia conoidea|Baringtonia]] diwangun ku [[Nyamplung]] (''Callophylum inophylum''), [[waru laut]] (''Hibiscus tiliaceus''), [[Katapang|Ketapang]] (''Terminia cattapa''), jeung [[Butun]] (''Baringtonia aistica''). Di dataran handap aya perkebunan anu mangrupa pepelakan éksotika, anu diwangun ku [[jati]] (''Tectona grandis''), [[Mahoni]] (''Swietenia mahagoni'') jeung [[Komis]] (''Acacia auriculiformis'').<ref name=":12" /> [[Gambar:Plang himbauan di Cagar Budaya Pantai Pangandaran.jpg|jmpl|Plang di Cagar Alam.]] ==== Biota laut ==== Potensi biota laut di kawasan Cagar Alam Laut Pangandaran didominasi ku jenis karang batu (''Scleractinia''), ''Acropora sp''., ''Fungia sp.'', ''Goniopora sp.'', ''Alveopora sp.'', sarta sababaraha lauk hias jeung sasatoan anu bisa hirup dina karang kayaning ''Heniochus sp.'', ''[[Kepe-kepe|Chactodon sp]].'', ''Plectorhyncus sp.'', jeung ''Apolemichtys sp''.<ref name=":22" /> ==== Guha jeung titinggal sajarah ==== Di cagar alam aya guha lanang, guha panggung, guha parat, guha sumur mudal, guha jepang. Anapon prasasti titinggal sajarah aya batu kaldé.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sumsel24.com/plesiran/pr-3283720515/ada-apa-saja-objek-wisata-di-taman-wisata-cagar-alam-pangandaran|title=Ada Apa Saja Objek Wisata di Taman Wisata Cagar Alam Pangandaran - Sumsel 24|last=Tuswanto|website=Ada Apa Saja Objek Wisata di Taman Wisata Cagar Alam Pangandaran - Sumsel 24|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222025559/https://www.sumsel24.com/plesiran/pr-3283720515/ada-apa-saja-objek-wisata-di-taman-wisata-cagar-alam-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-22}}</ref> ===== Guha lanang ===== Ieu guha pangpanjangna lamun dibandingkeun jeung guha parat atawa [[panggung]]. Ieu guha dingaranan lanang sabab baheulana jadi tempat pangreureuhan [[budak]] lalaki jeung jaman karajaan. ===== Guha panggung ===== Guha panggung téh miboga stalagnit jeung stalagtit anu éndah jeung nyanghareup langsung ka laut. Disebut guha panggung sabab dina bagian guhana aya bagian anu jiga pisan panggung. ===== Guha parat ===== Baheulana guha parat téh tempat muja semédina para [[Bangsawan]] [[Mesir]], [[Pangéran]] [[Maja Agung]], Pangéran Kanoman ([[Syekh Muhammad]]), jeung Pangéran Kesepuluh ([[Syekh Ahmad]]). ===== Batu Kaldé ===== Ieu batu kaldé mangrupa prasasti jaman [[hindu]] kuna. Batu kaldé téh mangrupa [[prasasti]] anak [[sapi]]. Ieu prasasti mangrupa titinggal [[Karajaan Pananjung]] keur mitineung Radén [[Arya Sapi Gumarang]] anu geus hasil ngaraharjakeun masarakat waktu harita. Di sabudeureun batu kaldé aya makam para luluhur karajaan pananjung. ===== Guha Sumur Mudal ===== Ieu guha mangrupa sumber utama [[cinyusu]] waktu jaman karajaan pananjung. Cinyusu ti ieu tempat kacida mudal jeung jadi sumber kahirupan jaman harita. ===== Guha Jepang ===== Ieu guha dijieun tina [[témbok]] beton anu disamarkeun ku [[taneuh]]. Ieu guha mangrupa pertahanan [[Tentara]] [[Jepang]] (''Dai Nippon''). Dina ieu guha aya liang keur ngintip pergerakan musuh ti laut. Ieu guha dijieun kira-kira taun 1941-1945 ku pagawé paksa ([[romusa]]). [[Gambar:Malate, Manila, Aquarium, Fish 2, Philippines.jpg|jmpl|Lauk dina Akuarium Gedé kawas di Piamari Pangandaran.]] === Piamari === ''Pangandaran Integrated Aquarium and Marine Research Institute'' (Piamari) dibuka ping 17 [[Désémber]] 2022. Ieu tempat wisata dijieun keur tujuan édukatif utamana sangkan nu daratang téh wanoh kana wanda-wanda [[lauk]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/share/rm9jse382|title=Piamari Ditarget Jadi Daya Tarik Baru Wisatawan ke Pangandaran|last=Adji P|first=Bayu|website=Republika Online|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228050134/https://republika.co.id/share/rm9jse382|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> Ieu Gedung diwangun dina taun 2017 kalayan miboga tilu wangunan utama nyaéta gedung aquarium, gedung riset jeung gedung [[asrama]] keur para mahasiswa atawa staf anu ngalaksanakeun [[panalungtikan]]. Di jero wangunan aya [[torowongan]] anu panjangna 47,895 méter. Wahana wisata téh aya tilu wangunan anu eusina biota laut. Tuluy aya deui ''touchpool'' (tina cai laut) ''tunnel aquarium'' (tina cai biasa) jeung ''theater aquarium'' (tina cai laut). Lian ti éta, aya [[museum]] barang muatan tenggelam anu ngawengku keramik-keramik jaman dinasti abad 17 nepi ka18, botol-botol jaman baheula, jeung barang séjénna. Anggaran anu digunakeun keur ngawangun ieu Piamari nepi ka 93 Milyar. Keur ngokolakeunana ku [[Balai Pelatihan dan Penyuluhan Perikanan]] (BP3) Tegal anu bakal jadi nu boga akuarium raksasa Piamari Pangandaran, sabab BP3 Tegal aya dina garis komando [[Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.urbanjabar.com/featured/pr-925488690/aquarium-raksasa-piamari-buka-pangandaran-selalu-bikin-candu|title=Aquarium Raksasa Piamari Buka! Pangandaran Selalu Bikin Candu - Urban Jabar|last=Anisa|first=Iis|website=Aquarium Raksasa Piamari Buka! Pangandaran Selalu Bikin Candu - Urban Jabar|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228050139/https://www.urbanjabar.com/featured/pr-925488690/aquarium-raksasa-piamari-buka-pangandaran-selalu-bikin-candu|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> === Tempat wisata lianna === Tempat wisata anu lianna diurutkeun dumasar kacamatan di Pangandaran. ==== Kacamatan Cimerak ==== Di Cimerak aya wisata alam, wisata budaya jeung wisata buatan kalawan wincikan ieu di handap.<ref name=":1" /> * Curug Cigayor aya di Dusun Sirnagalih RT 07 RW 05, Désa Limusgede. * Curug Sawer aya di Dusun Ciwalini RT 016 RW 005, Désa Ciparanti. * Basisir Madasari aya di Dusun Madasari, Désa Masawah. * Basisir Bukit Panon Nyampai (Sebrotan) aya di Dusun Madasari, Désa Masawah. * Basisir Karang Seugeul aya di Dusun Madasari, Désa Masawah. * Basisir Legok Gandu aya di Dusun Madasari, Désa Masawah. * Basisir Batu Leuit aya di Dusun Madasari, Désa Masawah. * Basisir Cariu aya di Alam Dusun Madasari, Désa Masawah. * Basisir Panon Nyampai aya di Dusun Madasari, Désa Masawah. * Pacuan Kuda aya di Dusun Cidadap RT 01 RW 06, Désa Legokjawa. * Muara Singkil aya di Dusun Cidadap RW 07 RT 04, Désa Legokjawa. * Guha Cirawun aya di Alam Désa Masawah Dusun Masawah RT 09 RW 03. * Guha Gunung Randa aya di Dusun Masawah Désa Masawah RT 06 RW 02.   * Guha Ciperengut aya di Désa Masawah Dusun Babakan RT 15 RW 05. * Leuweung Lindung aya di Désa Masawah Dusun Masawah RT 06 RW 03. * Pemakaman Sembah Sukayatma aya di Dusun Babakan, Désa Masawah RT 15 RW 05. * Basisir Cidahon aya di Cimanuk, Kertamukti. * Basisir Keusik aya di Dusun Cidahon, Désa Kertamukti RT 18 RW 05. * Basisir Cikaracak aya di Dusun Cireuma, Désa Kertamukti RT 07 RW 03. * Basisir Muara Gatah aya di Dusun Cireuma, Désa Kertamukti RT 08 RW 03. * Basisir Balekambang aya di Dusun Cidahon, Désa Kertamukti RT20 RW 06. * Curug 100 Ubin aya di Dusun Sukamanah, Désa Kertamukti RT 27 RW 08. * Wisata Air Jojongor aya di Désa Legokjawa Rw 04 RT 06, Dusun Legok. * Makom Syeh Malik Ibrahim Cijulang Sajati aya di Dusun Legok RT 06 Rw 04, Désa Legokjawa. * Basisir Pasir Gede aya di Dusun Cikuya Rw 05 RT 04, Désa Legokjawa. * Wisata Walungan Masigit aya di Dusun Liunggunung RT 03 Rw 08, Désa Legokjawa. * Basisir Legok aya di Dusun Legok RT 05 RW 04, Désa Legokjawa. * Basisir Muara Citotok aya di Dusun Citotok RT 001 RW 001, Désa Ciparanti. * Wisata Pasir Sereh aya di Dusun Patrol RT 06 RW 02, Désa Sukajaya. * Guha Hayam aya di Dusun Patrol RT 06 RW 02, Désa Sukajaya. * Guha Bagong aya di Dusun Patrol RT 06 RW 02, Désa Sukajaya. * Guha Kolor aya di Dusun Patrol RT 06 RW 02, Désa Sukajaya. * Cagar Budaya Kebun Dukuh aya di Dusun Ranto batang, Désa Mekarsari. * Cagar Budaya Guha Kramat aya di Dusun Rantobatang, Désa Mekarsari. * Curug Penganten aya di Dusun Cikondang RT 15 RW 06, Désa Kertaharja. * Makom Syekh Jampang aya di Dusun Jampang RT 40 RW 15, Désa Kertaharja. * Curug Dendeng aya di Dusun Jampang RT 42 RW 16, Désa Kertaharja. * Curug Indradila aya di Dusun Jampang RT 39 RW 14, Désa Kertaharja. * Curug Ciareuy aya di Dusun Purwasari RT 31 RW 12, Désa Kertaharja. * Makom Syekh H.Basyarudin aya di Dusun Karanganyar RT 01 RW 01, Désa Kertaharja. * Pangapungan aya di Dusun Kutakanyere RT 43 RW 09, Désa Sindangsari. ==== Kacamatan Cijulang ==== Di Cijulang aya wisata alam, wisata budaya jeung wisata buatan kalawan wincikan ieu di handap.<ref name=":1" /> * Situ Cisamping aya di Jalan Basisir Indah, Batukaras. * Mangrove Batukaras atawa Broad Walk aya di Désa Batukaras, Dusun Sanghiangkalang. * Basisir Batu Nunggul aya di Désa Batukaras. * Muara Jaya Cibodas aya di Désa Kertayasa. * Guha Bahu aya di Désa Kertayasa. * Jembatan Cinta Margacinta aya di Désa Margacinta. * Makam Dalem Sembah Agung aya di Désa Batukaras, Dusun Pasuketan RT 28 RW13. * Bukit Muntuk Wereng aya di Dusun Cibunian Désa Margacinta RT 04 RW 08. * Désa Wisata Budaya Margacinta atawa Kampung Badud aya di Dusun Margajaya RT 01 RW 12, Désa Margacinta. * Cijoelang Rafting aya di Dusun Pangancraan RT 02 RW 11, Désa Margacinta. * Taman Budaya Sagati aya di Dusun Balembeng RT 01 RW 01, Désa Margacinta. * Guha Patra aya di Dusun Cibodas RT 01 RW 07, Désa Cibanten. * Kawasan Leuweung Pondok Patra aya di Dusun Cibodas RT 01 RW 07, Désa Cibanten. * Situs Sumur Bandung aya di Désa Kondangjajar Dusun Binangun RT 11 RW 03. * Curug Taringgul aya di Dusun Cicurug, RT 01 RW 09 Cijulang. ==== Kacamatan Cigugur ==== Di Cigugur aya wisata alam, wisata budaya jeung wisata buatan kalawan wincikan ieu di handap.<ref name=":1" /> * Ciwayang Body Rafting aya di Jalan Jurago Km. 0, Dusun Cikoranji, Désa Cimindi. * River Tubbing Muara Kacapi aya di Dusun Tegalega, Désa Cigugur. * Guha Angin atawa Goa Cidaringo aya di Dusun Cilembu, Désa Cilembu. * Danau Cioe aya di Jalan Ciakar Dusun Cicurug, Désa Bunisari * Situs Buyut Alpi aya di Dusun Burujul Désa Campaka. * Pacinan Campaka aya di Dusun Ciguha, Désa Campaka. * Curug Maung KeRTajaya aya di Dusun Cikuya, Désa KeRTajaya, RT 03 RW 01. * Curug Leuwi Leutak Harumandala aya di Leuwi Leutak, Désa Harumandala. * Guha Cilalay aya di Dusun Karanganyar, Désa Cigugur. * Kampung Ekologi Leuwi Polo aya di Jalan Pagerbumi-Campaka, Dusun Pagerbumi, Désa Pagerbumi. * Leuwi Sipatahunan aya di Désa Cempaka, Dusun Cempaka. * Ciboralang aya di Dusun Jelat, Désa Harumandala. * Gunung Haur aya di Dusun Cimapag, Désa Harumandala. * Walungan Cisalak/Jebulan/ Cisodong aya di Dusun Cisalak, Désa Bunisari. * Walungan Cibadodon aya di Jalan Leuwi Jati, Dusun Cilembu, Désa Cigugur RT 13 RW 04. * Muara Cijalu aya di RT 14 RW 15 Dusun Mandalamekar, Désa Harumandala. * Leuwi Rangkong aya di Dusun Cigugur, Désa Campaka. * Situs Radén Ridwan Leuwi Badak aya di Dusun Sindangsari, Désa Campaka. * Curug Tonjong aya di Dusun Sindangsari, Désa Campaka. * Leuwi Bulet aya di Dusun Cigugur, Désa Campaka. * Situs Matra Wadana/ Makam Eyang Langlang Buana aya di Dusun Ciguha, Désa Campaka. * Situs Buyut Jimah aya di Dusun Burujul, Désa Campaka. * Makam Aki Gede Nini Gede aya di Désa Campaka. ==== Kacamatan Langkaplancar ==== Di Langkaplancar aya wisata alam, wisata budaya jeung wisata buatan kalawan wincikan ieu di handap.<ref name=":1" /> * Guha Sinjang Lawang aya di Dusun Panineungan, Désa Jadimulya. * Curug Luhur aya di Dusun Cimanggu, Désa Cimanggu RT 05 R2 02. * Curug Bilik aya di Dusun Mekarsari, Désa Jayasari RT 02 RW 01. * Curug Tilu Haurangrang aya di Dusun Langkaplancar, Désa Langkaplancar. * Curug Ki Muhtar aya di Dusun Cipancur RT 06 RW 04, Désa Langkaplancar. * Situs Wisata Gunung Singkup aya di Dusun Désa, Désa Bojongkondang RT 08 RW 03. * Situs K.H Abdul Hamid aya di Dusun Désa, Désa Bojongkondang RT 08 RW 03. * Situs Wisata Gunung Parang aya di Dusun Jayasari, Désa Jayasari RT 02 RW 05. * Gunung Bedogan aya di Dusun Cimanyeti RT 02 RW 03, Désa Jayasari. * Situs Wisata Gunung kelir aya di Dusun Cibeureum, Désa Cimanggu RT 07 RW 02 . * Wisata Alam Pasir Kisegel aya di Dusun Cimanggu, Désa Cimanggu RT 06 RW 02. * Guha Reregan aya di Désa Bungur Raya, Dusun Karangpawitan RT 02 RW 04. * Guha Langkob aya di Dusun Karangbungur RT 04 RW 02, Désa Bangunkarya. * Dataran Jeruk (DJ) aya di Dusun Désa, Désa Bojongkondang RT 30 RW 04. * Susukan Jero (SSJ) Buatan aya di Dusun Désa RT 29 RW 03, Désa Bojongkondang. ==== Kacamatan Sidamulih ==== Di Sidamulih aya wisata alam, wisata budaya jeung wisata buatan kalawan wincikan ieu di handap.<ref name=":1" /> * Curug Bebek aya di Dusun Sangkabawang RT 018 RW 008, Désa Kalijati. * Curug Taringgul aya di Dusun Karanganyar RT 004 RW 002, Désa Kalijati. * Curug Luhur aya di Dusun Muaratiga RT 04 RW 01, Désa Kersaratu. * Curug Pule aya di Dusun Muaratiga RT 04 RW 01,Désa Kersaratu. * Situ Cirangkong aya di Dusun Citambelang RT 02 RW 06, Désa Kersaratu. * Guha Parangpang aya di Dusun Cibeureum RT 004 RW 009 Désa Sidamulih * Cikembulan Pass aya di RT 01 RW 02 Désa Cikembulan. * Pantai Karang TiRTa aya di Dusun Cipari RT 006 RW 002 Désa Sukaresik. * Guha Sodong Panjang aya di Dusun Cikalong, RT 05 RW 02, Désa Cikalong. * Kampung Budaya Cijumleng aya di Désa Cikalong, Kacamatan Sidamulih. ==== Kacamatan Pangandaran ==== Di Pangandaran aya wisata alam, wisata budaya jeung wisata buatan kalawan wincikan ieu di handap.<ref name=":1" /> * Curug Bojong aya di Dusun Cihandiwung, Désa Sukahurip. * Curug Jambé Anom aya di Dusun Mungganggondang RT05 RW 04, Désa Purbahayu. * Wisata Air Cipingit aya di Dusun Mungganggondang RT05 RW 04, Désa Purbahayu. * Sentra Seafood jeung Kampung Turis aya di Jalan Pamugaran, Désa Pananjung. * Kawasan pantai Bulak Setra aya di Désa Babakan, Kecamatan Pangandaran. * Gua Kaca aya di Désa Sidomulyo Dusun Pasirkored RT 03 RW 16. * Bukit Galau aya di Désa Sidomulyo, Dusun Pasirkored RT 03 RW 16. * Guha Walet aya di Désa Sidomulyo, Dusun Pasirkored. * Guha Junti aya di Désa Sidomulyo, Dusun Pasirkored. * Bendungan Matras aya di RT 02 RW 03 Dusun Cikuluh, Désa Sukahurip. * Guha Bojong Lekor aya di RT 02 RW 03 Dusun Cikuluh, Désa Sukahurip. * Guha Surupan Daya aya di RT 03 RW 16 Dusun Pasirkored, Désa Sidomulyo. * Makam Ki Juru Simpen aya di Dusun Mungganggondang, Désa Purbahayu. * Makam Raksa Wedana aya di Dusun Mungganggondang, Désa Purbahayu. * Makam Eyang Paju aya di Dusun Mungganggondang RT 05 RW 04 Désa Purbahayu. * Guha Badak Paeh aya di Dusun Bengkekan Désa Sukahurip. * Rumah Uyeng aya di Jalan Raya Pangandaran, Désa Babakan, Kecamatan Pangandaran. * Museum Nyamuk aya di Jalan Raya Pangandaran Km. 3 Désa Babakan. * Hooba aya di Dusun Karangsari, Désa Pananjung. * Guha Cirangkis aya di Dusun Pondok Mangir, Désa Sidomulyo. * Guha Surupan aya di RT 03 RT 02 Dusun Cikuluh, Désa Sukahurip. ==== Kacamatan Kalipucang ==== Di Kalipucang aya wisata alam, wisata budaya jeung wisata buatan kalawan wincikan ieu di handap.<ref name=":1" /> * Guha Donan aya di Dusun Cintamaju, Désa Tunggilis. * Basisir Palatar Agung aya di Dusun Ciawitali RT 07 RW 08. * Basisir Tangkisan aya di Dusun Sindangmangu RT 07 RW 09, Désa Bagolo. * Basisir Karang Kuda aya di Dusun Sulasirna RT 10 RW 03, Désa Bagolo. * Curug Puringis aya di Dusun Bojong RT 03 RW 06, Désa Putrapinggan. * Basisir Lembah Putri aya di Dusun Karangsari RT 04 RW 01, Désa Putrapinggan. * Situs Galuh Pangauban aya di Dusun Karang Sari RT 01 RW 02, Désa Putrapinggan. * Curug Guling Sapi aya di Dusun Karangsari RT 03 RW 02, Désa Putrapinggan. * Guha Jepang aya di Dusun Karangsari RT 04 RW 01, Désa Putrapinggan. * Bungker Jepang aya di Area Ciputrapinggan, Dusun Karangsari RT 04 RW 01, Désa Putrapinggan. * Bungker Jepang Area Waterpark aya di Dusun Karangsari RT 04 RW 01, Désa Putrapinggan. * Muara Ciparanekean aya di Dusun Karangsari RT 04 RW 01, Désa Putrapinggan. * Walungan Ciputrapinggan aya di Dusun Karangsari RT 04 RW 01, Désa Putrapinggan. * Guha Lalay aya di Dusun Karangsari RT 04 RW 01, Désa Putrapinggan. * Guha Menir aya di Dusun Karangsari RT 04 RW 01, Désa Putrapinggan. * Guha Ronggeng aya di Dusun Karangsari RT 04 RW 01, Désa Putrapinggan. * Batu Bangkong aya di Dusun Karangsari RT 04 RW 01, Désa Putrapinggan. ==== Kacamatan Padahérang ==== Di Padahérang aya wisata alam, wisata budaya jeung wisata buatan kalawan wincikan ieu di handap.<ref name=":1" /> * Saung Ranggon aya di Désa Bojongsari, Kacamatan Padaherang. * Situs Cipatat aya di Dusun Sapuangin, Désa Karangsari. * Situs Dayang Sumbi aya di Dusun Paledah, Désa Paledah. * Paliken Hills aya di Désa Pasirgeulis, Dusun Paliken. * Situs Paliken aya di Dusun Paliken, Désa Gunung Putri. * Pemandian air panas kedungwuluh aya di Désa kedungwuluh. * Curug Kedung Lumpang aya di Désa kedungwuluh. * Makam Embah Gedeng Mataram aya di Dusun Paledah, Désa Paledah, RT 01 RW 01. * Jogjogan Ciganjeng aya di Désa Bojongsari. * Curug Bunton aya di Désa Kedungwuluh, Dusun Kedungwuluh RT 23 RW 09. * Situs Astana Budha aya di Désa Pasirgeulis, Dusun Grewing RT 23, Rw 04. * Situs Pasirgeulis aya di Désa Pasirgeulis, Dusun Grewing RT 13 RW 04. * Situs Lingga Kencana aya di Dusun Sentul, Désa Sukanagara RT 01 RW 01. * Situs Eyang K.H Santarudin aya di Dusun Sentul, Désa Sukanagara RT 01 RW 01. * Makam Kyai Syech Muchtar aya di Dusun Paledah, Désa Paledah. ==== Kacamatan Mangunjaya ==== Di Mangunjaya aya wisata alam jeung wisata budaya kalawan wincikan ieu di handap.<ref name=":1" /> * Rawa Cogekan aya di Dusun Cogekan RT 10 RW 03 Désa Kertajaya. * Situs Candi Mangunjaya aya di Dusun Pasirlaja, Désa Mangunjaya. * Situs Pranayaga atawa Watu Gimbal aya di Dusun Gimbal, Désa Mangunjaya. * Tugu Ki Gandul Manggala aya di Dusun Gimbal, Désa Mangunjaya. * Tugu Pangéling-éling aya di Dusun Cogekan RT 10 RW 03, Désa Kertajaya Cungkuk. ==== Kacamatan Parigi ==== Di Parigi aya wisata alam, wisata buatan jeung wisata budaya kalawan wincikan ieu di handap.<ref name=":1" /> * Imah Zaman Kolonial Parigi aya di Jalan Raya Cijulang No 776, Désa Parigi. * Guha Lalay aya di Dusun Salekambang, Désa Selasari. * Guha Peteng aya di Dusun Salekambang, Désa Selasari. * Guha Panjang aya di Dusun Salekambang, Désa Selasari. * Guha Citalun aya di Dusun Salekambang, Désa Selasari. * Guha Panyipuhan aya di Désa Cintaratu. * Guha Umin Daya aya di Désa Cintakarya * Guha Ilin aya di Désa Karangbenda. * Guha Sahyo aya di Désa Karangbenda. * Batulawang aya di Dusun Cikadu, Désa Selasari. * Situs Jagaraksa aya di Dusun Salakambang, Désa Selasari. * Situs Patapaan aya di Dusun Banjarsari, Désa Selasari. * Situs Cipancur aya di Dusun Banjarsari, Désa Selasari. * Situs Gunung Karang aya di Dusun Banjarsari, Désa Selasari. * Leuwi Astana aya di Dusun Giriharja, Désa Selasari. * Batu Paneker aya di Dusun Karangmukti, Désa Selasari. == Budaya == Budaya anu diguar téh nyaéta kasenian jeung tradisi. === Kasenian === Kasenian anu aya di Pangandaran téh kalintang lobana, ngan anu ciri has mah ukur aya 3 nyaéta ronggéng gunung, badud jeung lebon. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.faktaindonesianews.com/?arsip=3094&judul=4-jenis-kesenian-tradisional-pangandaran-yang-tetap-dilestarikan-hingga-kini|title=4 Jenis Kesenian Tradisional Pangandaran yang Tetap Dilestarikan Hingga Kini|last=Kuswandi|first=Rio|website=https://www.faktaindonesianews.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223214847/https://www.faktaindonesianews.com/?arsip=3094&judul=4-jenis-kesenian-tradisional-pangandaran-yang-tetap-dilestarikan-hingga-kini|archivedate=2023-02-23}}</ref> [[Gambar:Ronggeng Gunung.jpg|jmpl|Nu nari ronggéng gunung.]] ==== Ronggéng gunung ==== Ieu kasenian téh mimiti mekar di Désa Ciparakan, Kacamatan Kalipucang.<ref name=":11" /> Wangun kesenianana mangrupa salah sahiji [[Ibing|tarian]] buhun (kuna) anu dipidangkeun ku konsép pintonan minimalis. Ronggéng asalna tina kecap ''Renggana'' (Sanskerta) anu hartina wanoja anu dipikacinta. Awéwé anu dimaksud téh penari anu dipilih pikeun ngabagéakeun [[Nu datang|sémah]] [[Bangsawan|karajaan]] anu sok dipirig ku alat musik [[Tradisi|tradisional]].<ref name=":04">{{Cite journal|last=S|first=Euis Thresnawaty|date=2016-06-02|title=RASPI SANG MAESTRO RONGGENG GUNUNG|url=http://ejurnalpatanjala.kemdikbud.go.id/patanjala/index.php/patanjala/article/view/75|journal=Patanjala: Journal of Historical and Cultural Research|language=ID|volume=8|issue=2|pages=235–250|doi=10.30959/patanjala.v8i2.75|issn=2598-1242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726204836/http://ejurnalpatanjala.kemdikbud.go.id/patanjala/index.php/patanjala/article/view/75|archive-date=2022-07-26|accessdate=2023-02-23}}</ref> Ari kecap gunung patali jeung wewengkon Désa Ciparakan (pagunungan) salaku tempat asalna jeung tumuwuhna ieu tari. <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last=Nopianti|first=Risa|date=Maret 2014|title=Dari Ronggeng Gunung ke Ronggeng Kaler|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323791096_DARI_RONGGENG_GUNUNG_KE_RONGGENG_KALER_PERUBAHAN_NILAI_DAN_FUNGSI|journal=Patanjala|volume=6|issue=1|pages=81-92|doi=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223214844/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323791096_DARI_RONGGENG_GUNUNG_KE_RONGGENG_KALER_PERUBAHAN_NILAI_DAN_FUNGSI|archive-date=2023-02-23|accessdate=2023-02-23}}</ref> Dina dasarna, ieu tari dipaké minangka sarana ritual désa pikeun ngahormatan Dewi Sri sarta hiburan sanggeus réngsé waktu melak paré. Tapi, sanggeus sistem perkebunan kolonial Walanda aya, éta hal jadi robah fungsina kalah jadi sarana hiburan pikeun awéwé pribumi keur pagawé kontrak ahli anu dibawa ku Walanda (Dogér Kontrak). <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ratih|first=Dewi|last2=Sondarika|first2=Wulan|date=2017-09-05|title=ANALISIS POTENSI DESA DITINJAU DARI SOSIAL BUDAYA KESENIAN TRADISIONAL RONGGENG GUNUNG DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT PRASEJAHTERA (Studi kasus di desa Ciulu Kec. Banjarsari Kab. Ciamis Jawa Barat)|url=https://jurnal.unigal.ac.id/index.php/artefak/article/view/909|journal=Jurnal Artefak|language=id|volume=4|issue=2|pages=161–166|doi=10.25157/ja.v4i2.909|issn=2580-0027|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223214846/https://jurnal.unigal.ac.id/index.php/artefak/article/view/909|archive-date=2023-02-23|accessdate=2023-02-23}}</ref> Tari Ronggéng Gunung medal tina gabungan kasenian [[Bajidor]] jeung [[Penca Silat|Pencak Silat]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/berita/1123012/21/ronggeng-gunung-miliki-sejarah-dan-perkembangan-di-pangandaran|title=Ronggeng Gunung Miliki Sejarah dan Perkembangan di Pangandaran|last=Maarif|first=Syamsul|website=SINDOnews.com|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223214845/https://daerah.sindonews.com/berita/1123012/21/ronggeng-gunung-miliki-sejarah-dan-perkembangan-di-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-23}}</ref> Ronggéng Gunung biasana dilaksanakeun dina waktu 2 nepii ka 12 jam sakaligus. Dina hiji pidangan biasana dipigawé 6 nepi ka 8 [[lagu]]. Sacara umum, téma tembang dina ieu [[Seni|kasenian]] téh nyaritakeun rasa sono ka lalaki jeung nyindiran [[Bajak laut|para bajak laut]] anu maéhan Anggalarang.<ref name=":04" /> Dina awalna, ronggéng gunung dijadikeun sarana pikeun ngawanohkeun [[upacara]] [[adat]] saperti [[panén]], narima tamu, [[nikahan]], jeung [[nyunatan]] anu matak pikaresepeun pisan sabab ngajajah unsur érotis [[Ibing|penari]]. Sanajan kitu, dina periode ti taun 1904 nepi ka 1945, sababaraha ajén-inajén jeung konsép nampilkeun ronggéng gunung ngalaman parobahan luyu jeung [[Norma (disambiguasi)|norma-norma]] jeung tatakrama anu beuki hadé di [[Umum|masarakat]][[Lingkungan|.]] Salah sahiji conto parobahan aturan nyaéta mahing penari kontak langsung jeung penari lalaki atawa panongton lalaki anu milu dina tari ronggéng.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/raspi-ronggeng-gunung-yang-lahir-dari-penderitaan-cFqQ|title=Raspi, Ronggeng Gunung yang Lahir dari Penderitaan|last=Teguh|first=Irfan|website=tirto.id|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223214842/https://tirto.id/raspi-ronggeng-gunung-yang-lahir-dari-penderitaan-cFqQ|archivedate=2023-02-23}}</ref> [[Gambar:Tarian Ronggeng Gunung.jpg|jmpl|Ronggéng Gunung Pangandaran dina acara helaran.]] ===== Pamaén ===== Pamaén dina rongéng gunung téh ukur nu nari, sindén jeung pamaén alat musik. Penari utama dina ronggéng gunung nyaéta awéwé anu maké kostum kabaya, sagigireun kebat (kain batik), [[Karémbong|salendang]] mangrupa aksesori penting nalika nari. Fungsi ieu karémbong nyaéta pikeun ngondang lawan (lalaki) anu asalna ti panongton anu hadir dina [[Program|éta acara]] . Lamun karémbong dipaké dina [[beuheung]] salah sahiji panongton, hartina jalma nu geus dipilih jadi penari lalaki.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|title=Ensiklopedi Tari Indonesia Seri P-T|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=QLOECgAAQBAJ&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=ronggeng+gunung&source=bl&ots=IyD_rGxz7R&sig=ACfU3U2Pzk61VMdA8An9oYwSTuusxio-Tg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwih3r-Xu9jrAhWBX30KHXaFDaw4ZBDoATAHegQICBAB#v=onepage&q=ronggeng%20gunung&f=false|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan|language=id|last=Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|first=Departemen|year=1986|location=Jakarta|pages=41}}</ref> Penari lalaki jumlahna 10 urang. Kostum anu dipaké nyaéta [[sarung]], [[iket]] jeung [[bedog]] anu disorén dina cangkéng. Penari lalaki ngurilingan penari awéwé dina pola gerak sirkular kawas arah jarum jam. <ref name=":14">{{Cite journal|last=Nopianti|first=Risa|date=Maret 2014|title=Dari Ronggeng Gunung ke Ronggeng Kaler|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323791096_DARI_RONGGENG_GUNUNG_KE_RONGGENG_KALER_PERUBAHAN_NILAI_DAN_FUNGSI|journal=Patanjala|volume=6|issue=1|pages=81-92|doi=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223214844/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323791096_DARI_RONGGENG_GUNUNG_KE_RONGGENG_KALER_PERUBAHAN_NILAI_DAN_FUNGSI|archive-date=2023-02-23|accessdate=2023-02-23}}</ref>Sindén ''lulugu'' (utama) nyaéta wanoja sepuh anu miboga [[sora]] anu has sarta halimpu. Biasana, bisa mawa lagu-lagu anu henteu ditembangkeun ku sindén biasa. Ngan tilu urang anu wajib maénkeun alat musik, sabab alat musik anu dimaenkeun ngan ukur [[Ketok|ketuk]], [[goong]], jeung [[kendang]].<ref name=":15" /> ===== Lagu ===== Lagu-lagu anu biasa ditembangkeun ku sindén dina rupa-rupa pintonan ronggéng Gunung nyaéta 18 lagu anu disebut tari kuduk anu ngandung [[sisindiran]] jeung [[wawangsalan]].<ref name=":15" /> Lagu kudupturi, ladrang, sisigaran, goléwang, kawungan banter, parutan, dengdet, ondai, liring, kawungan kulonan, manangis, mangonét, urung-urung, tunggul kawung, trondol, cacar manuk, kidung, raja mudik. Papasingan [[Tembang Cianjuran|tembang]] téh dibagi jadi tilu bagian, nyaéta bubuka, inti jeung panutup. Pikeun bagian bubuka, nyaéta wangsalan [[ladrang]] jeung kudupturi. Bagian utama wawangsalan golewang, kawungan banter, parutan, ondai, liring, kawungan kulonan, manangis, mangonet, urung-urung, tunggul kawung, trondol, cacar manuk, tembang. Bagian panutup dengdet wangsalan, raja mulih sisigaran. Lagu-lagu Ronggéng gunung mibanda [[wirahma]] bébas kalawan rumpaka tur wangunna [[pupuh]]. Wangun sekar, kaasup wangun tembang anu ngagunakeun [[nada]] luhur (meluk) pinuh ku [[sora]] (legeto) kalawan rumpaka minangka média pagelaran wungkul. Loba anu nganggap lagu-lagu ieu saluyu sareng wangun tembang Sunda, wirahma buhun, sabab hésé pisan ngatranskripsikeun ieu lagu-lagu atawa nyieun catetan bareng. Éta hal jadi salah sahiji faktor anu nyababkeun ronggéng gunung hésé pisan regenerasi dina pamaén sindén<ref name=":16">{{Cite book|title=RONGGENG GUNUNGSEBUAH KESENIAN RAKYAT DIKABUPATEN CIAMIS, JAWA BARAT|last=Kusumah|first=S. Dloyana|publisher=DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAY AAN|year=1982|location=Jakarta|pages=26|url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/14088/1/Ronggeng%20gunung%20sebuah%20kesenian%20rakyat%20di%20kabupaten%20ciamis%20jawa%20barat.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406113753/https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/14088/1/Ronggeng%20gunung%20sebuah%20kesenian%20rakyat%20di%20kabupaten%20ciamis%20jawa%20barat.PDF|archive-date=2023-04-06|accessdate=2023-02-23}}</ref> ===== Kontéks pidangan ===== Dina pintonan Ronggéng Gunung, unsur [[dinamisme]] bisa katitén tina anggota kelompok kasenian Ronggéng Gunung, boh ronggéng boh [[nayaga]]. Maranéhna miboga [[isim]] salaku objék anu boga fungsi minangka alat pikeun nahan bahaya atawa musibah anu diakibatkeun ku kalakuan jalma séjén anu [[sirik]] atawa lantaran aya kompetisi antara pamaén sorangan jeung kelompok séjén. Salian ti éta, fungsi séjénna nyaéta pikeun ngajaga kawibawaan pribadi pamingpin rombongan Ronggéng Gunung sangkan dipikahormat boh ku bawahan boh ku batur. Unsur-unsur [[sulap]] kaagamaan [[animisme]] dina pagelaran Ronggéng Gunung bisa katitén dina papasingan [[sesajén]] anu disusun saméméh pintonan dimimitian. Bacaan du’a dilaksanakeun ku pingpinan rombongan (rombongan) sarta diiluan ku sakumna anggota katut ronggéng. Disadiakeunana sesajén miboga maksud sangkan roh-roh jahat moal ngaganggu jeung ménta ngajaga kasalametan para nayaga jeung ronggéng, narik simpati hadirin pikeun pagelaran sarta sangkan acara lancar nepi ka réngsé, dijauhkeun tina gangguan ti roh jahat sabudeureun tempat pintonan sarta gangguan [[cuaca]] salila acara. Para pamaén Ronggeng Gunung, hususna para penari wanoja, biasana mibanda [[mantra]] atawa du’a asihan ([[pélét]]) pikeun maksud nu hadé, upamana sangkan panongton resep. Mindeng kajadian panongton lalaki kagégéloan ku penari ronggéng sarta sanggeus lalajo bakal salawasna inget ka awéwé anu nari. Dina ngagunakeun mantra pikeun narik simpati panongton, para ronggéng ngagunakeun [[basa]] Sunda kuna, sangkan hartina henteu dipikawanoh deui ku nu mapatkeun. Tapi beuki teu ngarti kana harti mantra, beuki [[sakral]] aranjeunna ngarasa.<ref name=":16" /> ==== Badud ==== Badud asalna ti Dusun Margajaya, Desa Margacinta, [[Cijulang, Pangandaran|Kecamatan Cijulang]], [[Kabupaten Pangandaran]]. Lokasi utamana aya di tepi ngarai, di gigireun pangkal [[rawayan]] gantung anu manjang luhureun [[walungan]]. Éta wilayah dijadikeun [[Kampung]] [[Budaya]] atawa mindeng disebut Kampung Badud.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://swarapangandaran.com/seni-badud-menolak-punah/|title=Ficer: Seni Badud Menolak Punah|last=Andi Nurroni|website=Swarapangandaran.com|language=en-US|access-date=2023-02-23|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424024131/https://swarapangandaran.com/seni-badud-menolak-punah/|archivedate=2019-04-24}}</ref> Seni Badud mimiti suciptakeun taun 1868 anu didadasaran kasieun [[masarakat]] ku [[sasatoan]] [[leuweung]] waktu rék ngala [[paré]] atawa [[panén]]. Ku kituna, dijieun alat anu ngaranna [[dogdog]], dijieun tina [[awi]] anu dijadikeun alat musik pamirig kasenian badud. Dina taun 2013, seni badud ngalaman tumpur jeung kakara ahir taun 2014 mimiti dimekarkeun deui kalayan inisiatif padepokan seni badud. Sanggeus kitu, pamarintah Désa Margacinta mimiti museurkeun paniténna kana ieu kasenian buhun ku cara dijadikan [[kagiatan]] [[ekstrakurikuler]] di [[sakola]] di sabudeureun Désa Margacinta. [[Pargelaran]] [[seni]] Badud dijieun keur ngareuah-reuah [[ritual]] panén di [[sawah]]. Konsép peran anu ditampilkeun nyaéta pamaén maké atribut [[kedok]] sasatoan anu wujudna [[monyet]], [[lutung]], jeung [[maung]] anu dijieun tina bahan basajan luyu jeung kamampuh [[patani]]. Para pamaén ngalakukeun gerakan luyu jeung karakter kedok anu dipakéna, rombongan pamaén seni badud leumpang ngareuah-reuah rombongan patani anu mawa hasil panén anu bakal diasupkeun kana [[lumbung]] di désa. Salian ti éta, seni Badud ogé mangrupa salah sahiji cara ngusir [[hama]] anu bakal ngarusak paré. Ieu hal dilakukeun waktu usum nuar tatangkalan jeung melak binih paré anu dimimitian ku bacaan du'a, [[mantra]] jeung rupa-rupa [[sasajén]].<ref name=":17">https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/dashboard/media/Buku%20Penetapan%20WBTb%202018.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406070051/https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/dashboard/media/Buku%20Penetapan%20WBTb%202018.pdf |date=2023-04-06 }}</ref> Pagelaran kasenian Badud lumangsung sapoé sapeuting. Saacan ieu seni dimimitian, dijieun heula sasajén keur ngahargaan para [[karuhun]] anu geus tilar dunya atawa rupa-rupa kakuatan anu nangtayungan masarakat sabudeureun Margacinta. Sasajénna ngawengku parupuyan atawa [[menyan]], [[rujak]] [[kembang]] ros, [[endog]], rujak [[cau]], [[daging]] atah, [[gula batu]], [[roko]] bangjo, roko surutu, jeung roko warna [[coklat]] dua batang. Waktu lakon pagelaran rék dimimitian isuk, sasajén anu geus kakumpul diteundeun di tengah-tengah tempat pagelaran. Lamun aya pamaén anu kaancikan jeung hayang wanda dahareun tinggal nyokot dina tempat éta sasajén. Sakabéh pamaén anu geus kaancikan bakal mikahayang kadaharan anu béda-béda. Contona maung anu geus kaancikan bakal milih daging atah, lamun [[barongsay]] atawa [[ébég]] bakal milih rupa-rupa wanda rujak. Kabéh pamaén ngalakukeun kabéh gerakan di luar kadalina sabab geus kaancikan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/badud-margacinta/|title=Badud Margacinta|last=irvansetiawan|website=Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Jawa Barat|language=en-US|access-date=2023-02-23|accessdate=2023-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223231418/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/badud-margacinta/|archivedate=2023-02-23}}</ref> Alat musik anu digunakeun nyaéta dalapan [[angklung]] laras [[saléndro]] ti mimiti panghandapna nepi ka [[nada]] pangluhurna. Ieu angklung dipaénkeun kalayan cara dicekel hiji éwang ku nu maénna.<ref>Direktorat Warisan dan Diplomasi Budaya (2018). [https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/dashboard/media/Buku%20Penetapan%20WBTb%202018.pdf Penetapan Warisan Budaya Takbenda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406070051/https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/dashboard/media/Buku%20Penetapan%20WBTb%202018.pdf |date=2023-04-06 }} . Hal. 133</ref> Wanda angklung anu dipaké ngawengku angklung roel hiji, roel dua, aclik, sorolok, ambruk satu, ambruk dua, penerus, jeung jenglong. Alat musik angklung miboga peran salaku [[melodi]] [[rumpaka]] [[lagu]] anu dipaénkeun. Salian ti éta, aya genep dogdog anu dipaénkeun ku genep urang kalayan nada anu pangluhurna nepi ka anu panghandapna. Alat musik endol, nyaéta dogdog pangleutikna dipaké keur ketukan bubuka ku [[dalang]]. Dogdog sedeng atawa dungdung, nyaéta dogdog anu leuwih gedé tibatan dogdog endol kajaba cara nabeuhna dibédakeun. Dogdog bondol atawa kentrung hiji, miboga peran méré ketukan tetap atawa ketukan tesis, Dalang atawa kentrung dua (ambruk), bajidor hiji (badublag), bajidor dua (badublag), nyaéta dogdog anu panggedéna di antara dogdog bajidot hiji jeung dua, miboga peran méré [[warna]] tepakan [[kendang]], biasana dogdog badublag méré tanda bakal aya gong atawa méré sora ahir lamun aya goongan. Ieu dogdog miboga sora jiga kendang, sabab [[sora]] anu dimunculkeunna ampir sarua jeung tepak kendang. Ngan alat musik dogdog bakal méré nada anu leuwih variatif.<ref>Permana,Ruwendi. [http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPBS/JUR._PEND._BAHASA_DAERAH/195901011986011-RUSWENDI_PERMANA/Pertunjukan_Kesenian_Tardisional_Badud_Di_Kecamatan_Cijulang.pdf Kesenian Tardisional Badud Di Kecamatan Cijulang Kabupaten Ciamis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426161601/http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPBS/JUR._PEND._BAHASA_DAERAH/195901011986011-RUSWENDI_PERMANA/Pertunjukan_Kesenian_Tardisional_Badud_Di_Kecamatan_Cijulang.pdf |date=2019-04-26 }}. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.</ref> [[Gambar:Berlatih pencak silat.jpg|jmpl|Lebon kaasup béladiri.]] ==== Lebon ==== Kasenian Lebon mangrupa salasahiji [[kasenian]] has Kabupatén Pangandaran anu mimiti dipikawanoh sarta dimekarkeun di Pangandaran dina taun 1950. Ieu kasenian kungsi leungit alatan ayana gerakan DITII.<ref name=":18">{{Cite journal|last=Sofyan|first=Agus Nero|last2=Sofianto|first2=Kunto|last3=Sutirman|first3=Maman|last4=Suganda|first4=Dadang|date=2021-07-06|title=REGENERASI KEARIFAN LOKAL KESENIAN LEBON SEBAGAI BUDAYA LELUHUR PANGANDARAN, JAWA BARAT|url=https://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/sosiohumaniora/article/view/24855|journal=Sosiohumaniora|language=id|volume=23|issue=2|pages=158–166|doi=10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v23i2.24855|issn=2443-2660|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224024207/https://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/sosiohumaniora/article/view/24855|archive-date=2023-02-24|accessdate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Kasenian Lebon mangrupa salah sahiji [[tradisi]] jawara antar désa jeung salah sahiji [[Budaya|kabudayaan]] pikeun ngaréngsékeun pasualan-pasualan saperti sengketa [[lahan]], téritorial, papaséaan anu geus teu bisa ditarima deui dipungkas jaman baheula mah dipungkas ku kasenian Lebon.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/seni-lebon-kabupaten-pangandaran/|title=Seni Lebon Kabupaten Pangandaran|last=Admin_BPK_Wil_IX|website=Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Jawa Barat|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224024205/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/seni-lebon-kabupaten-pangandaran/|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Kecap Lebon sacara etimologis dicokot tina sisipan basa Jawa jeung Sunda, nyaéta ''lebboni'' (basa Jawa) anu hartina diboéhan jeung lebokna (bahasa Sunda) anu hartina dilebok atawa dikurebkeun kana taneuh (kuburan atawa dikubur).<ref name=":18" /> Dina kasenian Lebon asli jaman baheula keur nu éléh atawa nu maot dina perang langsung dikubur di tempat. Ku alatan éta, dua pihak anu meunangna dina unggal perang nyiapkeun [[boéh]], [[pacul]] jeung [[sekop]] pikeun ngubur lawan anu éléh dina perangna. Sanajan kitu, bareng jeung parobahan jaman, Seni Lebon geus robah jadi hiji pementasan seni [[drama]] tina adegan perang Lebon sabenerna kalawan alur carita dijieun sangkan tetep saperti aslina. Pikeun ngurangan atawa ngahalangan tatu dina pangperangan antar [[jawara]] maké alat kasalametan dina sababaraha bagian awakna. Bagian awak anu dihalangan nyaéta [[sirah]], ngagunakeun [[daun]] [[jambé]] anu dibungkus ku lawon, leungeun nepi ka [[siku]] jeung [[suku]] ngagunakeun kulit sasatoan. Lian ti éta, pikeun ngéléhkeun lawan, unggal nu tarung dibéré alat paneunggeul tina [[rotan]]. Para palaku kasenian Lebon dina tarung biasana nunjukkeun gerak-gerak anu tangtu saperti dina [[pencak silat]]. Gerak-gerik pencak silat dikolaborasikeun jeung iringan ketuk saperti pencak silat. Dina pintonan kasenian Lebon, nu tarung bisa neunggeul [[leungeun]] lawan kalayan jumlah anu tangtu nepi ka bisa dianggap pinunjul. Salila pagelaran, unggal nu tarung dibéré du'a sarta ngaduruk [[menyan]] jeung kurban sasatoan salaku ritual indit sarta ngadu'a babarengan sangkan jawara balik kalawan awak salamet. Skénario dina kasenian Lebon kiwari geus diatur antara nu meunang jeung nu éléh geus ditangtukeun, ahirna masing-masing sponsor bajoang pikeun ngabéla jawarana. Balukarna, para sponsor tuluy dipisahkeun ku para jawara nu tarung jeung ahirna damai. Patempuran Lebon anu tadina hésé kacida ayeuna robah jadi sarana hiburan anu ditataan sangkan bisa terus dimumulé dibarengan ku kamajuan jaman. Kasenian Lebon anu tadina mangrupa tarung bebas antara jawara, tuluy robah jadi seni pintonan. Dina prak-prakanana, pintonan kasenian Lebon biasana dihijikeun jeung [[gondang buhun]], [[beluk]], [[ronggéng gunung]], [[angklung]] Lebon, jeung kasenian séjénna. Harta utama nyaéta iteuk rotan anu dicekel dina leungeun katuhu. Dina leungeun kéncana dibungkus ku leungeun baju anu seukeut dijieun ogé tina rotan. Pamaén maké leungeun baju panjang jeung calana panjang lengkep jeung panutup sirah dijieunna tina lawon. Pikeun ngamumulé kasenian Lebon, mindeng dipentaskeun dina poé Kamerdikaan Indonesia di tingkat désa jeung kacamatan, atawa sanggeus [[usum]] [[panén]]. Salian ti éta, kasenian Lebon biasana dipidangkeun dina [[Hajat Leweung]] di Désa Pepedan, Désa Selasari, Kabupatén Pangandaran.<ref name=":19" /> === Tradisi === Tradisi di Pangandaran téh aya nampaling, kaliwonan jeung hajat laut.h[[Gambar:Belalang cokelat (Phaleoba fumosa).jpg|jmpl|Simeut anu sok jadi hama di sawah.]] ==== Nampaling ==== Ieu tradisi dilakukeun ku masarakat Désa Cikalong, Kacamatan Sidamulih, Kabupaten Pangandaran. Nampaling mangrupa [[kagiatan]] néwak [[simeut]] anu dilaksanakeun unggal usum [[panén]] paré kira-kira bulan [[Séptémber]]-[[Oktober]]. Dina mangsa harita [[hama]] simeut loba pisan. Ieu tradisi geus aya kira-kira taun 1600-an. Tadina mah ukur kagiatan biasa, ngan dijadikeun [[festival]] [[budaya]] sangkan leuwih ceuyah deui. Ngaran nampaling dicokot tina alat anu digunakeun keur néwak simeutna dijieun tina [[Anyam|anyaman]] [[awi]], bentukna kerucut jeung dikaitkeun kana gagang. sanggeus simeut ditéwak diasupkeun kana wadah tina awi ([[kembu]]). Sanggeus diala, simeut langsung diolah jadi kadaharan kayaning [[goréng]] simeut jeung [[oséng]] simeut. Lian ti éta, waktu tradisi lumangsung biasa aya anu meuli di tempat ka nu geus ngala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-6329311/mengenal-tradisi-nampaling-menangkap-belalang-jelang-panen-di-pangandaran|title=Mengenal Tradisi Nampaling, Menangkap Belalang Jelang Panen di Pangandaran|last=Fadilah|first=Aldi Nur|website=detikTravel|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224234050/https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-6329311/mengenal-tradisi-nampaling-menangkap-belalang-jelang-panen-di-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> [[Gambar:Babies male - 2 months.jpg|jmpl|Kaliwonan mangrupa tradisi ngamandian orok.]] ==== Kaliwonan ==== Tradisi Kaliwonan mangrupa kabudayaan ngamandian [[orok]] umur lima bulan (balita) anu dilaksanakeun turun-tinurun ti kolotna ka turunanana anu masih dipiara ku masarakat Pangandaran. Ieu tradisi mangrupa salasahiji kabudayaan anu can ngalaman parobahan dimimitian tina tata cara jeung prak-prakanana. Ti baheula henteu dilaksanakeun unggal [[poé]] [[kaliwon]], tapi ukur tanggal anu pasaranana ninggang dina Kaliwon anu jangkep. Tradisi ngamandian dina Kaliwonan dipercaya jadi salasahiji tradisi sangkan kahirupan orok leuwih [[barokah]], hirup [[aman]], [[séhat]] [[jasmani]] sarta miboga [[haté]] anu beresih jeung mawa kahadéan ka sasama, kulawarga, [[nagara]] katut [[Agama|agamana]]. Cai anu digunakeun keur ngamandian téh nyaéta cai [[kembang]] anu geus dibacakeun du’a bari dipencet atawa diurut sababaraha bagian awak orok bari mapatkeun rupaning [[jampé]]. Cai kembang keur ngamandian budak dina Kaliwonan ogé kudu aya dibekelan, di antarana [[duit]] récéh heubeul anu dijieun tina [[logam]] bengkok kalayan gambar [[Ratu]] [[Wihelmina]] sarta batu alam husus anu dianggap geus karamat. Tradisi kaliwonan dijadikeun sarana [[silaturahmi]] jeung [[sawala]] pikeun babagi pangalaman antara ibu-ibu bari ngasuh budakna sangkan aya mangpaatna sacara [[sosial]]. Ieu tradisi dilaksanakeun sabulan opat kali unggal kaliwon jeung sabulanna aya istilah kaliwon gedé anu lumangsung dina poé [[Jumaah]] kaliwon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.okezone.com/read/2017/01/20/406/1597131/tradisi-kaliwonan-yang-masih-dipertahankan-masyarakat-pangandaran|title=Tradisi Kaliwonan yang Masih Dipertahankan Masyarakat Pangandaran : Okezone Travel|last=Maarif|first=Syamsul|website=https://travel.okezone.com/|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226091926/https://travel.okezone.com/read/2017/01/20/406/1597131/tradisi-kaliwonan-yang-masih-dipertahankan-masyarakat-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-26}}</ref> [[Gambar:Tradisi sedekah bumi wayang golek.jpg|jmpl|Wayang Golék jadi pagelan pamungkas upacara hajat laut.]] ==== Hajat laut ==== Hajat Laut mangrupa tradisi turun-tinurun anu biasa dilaksanakeun ku masarakat basisir, hususna di wewengkon basisir kidul. Warga basisir Pangandaran biasana ngayakeun acara hajat laut saban poé Kemis saméméh malem Jumaah Kaliwon, awal bulan Muharam atawa bulan Syura. Ieu tradisi dilaksanakeun minangka wujud [[rasa]] [[sukur]] para pamayang ka [[Alloh|Gusti]] anu parantos maparin [[rezeki]] jeung kasalametan dina ngalaksanakeun pagawéanana di laut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.inews.id/berita/warga-pesisir-pantai-selatan-pangandaran-gelar-hajat-laut-dengan-prokes-ketat|title=Warga Pesisir Pantai Selatan Pangandaran Gelar Hajat Laut dengan Prokes Ketat|last=Ramdiansyah|first=Irfan|website=iNews.ID|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226211627/https://jabar.inews.id/berita/warga-pesisir-pantai-selatan-pangandaran-gelar-hajat-laut-dengan-prokes-ketat|archivedate=2023-02-26}}</ref> Hajat laut téh turunan tina hajat [[leuweung]], sabab [[sasajén]] anu dipalidkeun ka tengah laut téh hasil [[Tatanen|tatanén]] anu mangrupa kadaharan jeung rupa-rupa hasil séjénna. Lamun dina basa Sunda Hajat Laut téh asalna tina dua [[kecap]] nyaéta Hajat anu hartina kahayang, pamaksudan jeung laut anu hartina ciptaan Nu Maha Kawasa dina wujud cai [[asin]] anu anu ngaplak lega. Hajat Laut bisa dihartikeun mangrupa niat syukur jeung kahayang ka Nu Maha Kawasa kana anugrahna nyaéta laut anu dijerona bisa jadi sumber kahirupan, atuh kasalametan dipiharep dina nyiar kipayah sing salamet jeung sapopoéna diriksa tina bancang pakéwuh anu bisa datang ti laut iraha waé. Tina bentangan 91 Kilométer basisir Pangandaran, Hajat Laut biasana dilaksanakeun di [[basisir Karapyak]], [[Basisir Pangandaran]], [[Basisir Bojés]], [[Basisir Batukaras]] jeung [[Basisir Madasari]]. Runtuyan acarana téh para pamayang mawa Dongdang (pawai) anu dijerona nyangkaruk hasil tatanén, di antarana [[bungbuahan]] jeung [[tumpeng]] dibawa ka basisir, tuluy diasupkeun kana [[parahu]], jeung dilarung dibawa ka laut. Dina Larung téh aya [[Simbolik|simbol]] wujud rasa sukur ka Nu Maha Kawasa, ngabakti ka Nu Maha Kawasa, jeung miboga fungsi utama anu bisa dibuktikeun ngaliwatan larung sasajén (nyésa-nyésa keur nu sejen). Sa Ajen ari sa téh hiji, Ajén teh ageman, [[Filsafat|falsafahna]] aya patalina jeung katunggalan Allah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jabar/budaya/d-6224178/filosofi-ritual-hajat-laut-pangandaran-wujud-syukur-dari-laut-selatan|title=Filosofi Ritual Hajat Laut Pangandaran, Wujud Syukur dari Laut Selatan|last=Fadillah|first=Aldi Nur|website=detikjabar|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226211626/https://www.detik.com/jabar/budaya/d-6224178/filosofi-ritual-hajat-laut-pangandaran-wujud-syukur-dari-laut-selatan|archivedate=2023-02-26}}</ref> Ieu upacara salah sahiji anu dilaksanakeun di Batukaras dua poé kalayan wincikan kawas kieu. ==== Tatahar ==== Nataharkeun upacara adat Hajat Laut dimimitian ku latihan maén [[musik]], nyiapkeun sasajén jeung latihan [[Ibing|nari]]. Patali jeung ngabagéakeun taun anyar [[Islam]], upacara hajat Laut dilaksanakeun dina wangun kagiatan dina hal-hal anu patali jeung agama Islam.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal|last=Syarifuddin|first=Didin|last2=Nurlatipah|first2=Lisna|date=April 2015|title=DAYA TARIK WISATA UPACARA TRADISIONAL HAJAT LAUT SEBAGAI NILAI BUDAYA MASYARAKAT BATU KARAS|url=https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/jurel/article/viewFile/1050/702|journal=Jurnal Manajemen Resort & Leisure|volume=12|page=105|access-date=2023-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226211630/https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/jurel/article/viewFile/1050/702|archive-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> ==== Poé kahiji ==== Para pamayang henteu ka laut salila dua poé saméméh [[ritual]] laut dimimitian, ku kituna para pamayang bisa ilubiung dina kagiatan ([[Tabligh Akbar|tabligh akbar]]) di [[lapang]] Batu Karas. Dina ieu acara kacida ceuyahna kanyat dipasangan [[korsi]] loba jeung [[panggung]].<ref name=":21" /> ==== Poé kadua ==== Réa jalma nu daratang ka lapang Batukaras. Di basisir loba parahu anu geus dihias pararantes. Geus loba jalma nu datang, tapi upacara bubuka arak-arakan ka tengah laut dilaksanakeun pabeubeurang, masarakat masih nungguan di sisi basisir. Acara dimimitian ku bubuka, [[biantara]], maca [[ayat]] [[suci]] [[Al-Qur'an]] jeung [[Yasin]], tuluy [[upacara]] [[adat]]. Persiapan arak-arakan ku ngondang Bupati anu diiringkeun ku penari jeung papayung ka basisir jeung di tukangeunana aya sasajén anu siap dilarung kalawan diteundeun dina wangun imah leutik anu katutup. Masarakatna riweuh pisan waktu arak-arakan rék dimimitian. Di tengah-tengah laut kabéh parahu eureun sarta sasajén dilarungkeun bari dibarengan ku bacaan ayat suci Al-Qur'an heula, tuluy masarakat mimiti nyokot cai laut pikeun silih simbeuh ti hiji parahu ka parahu séjénna. Sanggeus prosési réngsé tuluy balik deui ka [[darat]], acara di laut geus lekasan. Soréna aya hiburan keur masarakat, nyaéta pagelaran [[wayang golék]] nepi ka sapeuting jeput.<ref name=":21" /> == Ékonomi == Dina widang ékonomi aya poténsi wisata kuliner atawa kadaharan, puseur oléh-oléh jeung hasil bumi masarakat. === Kadaharan === Kadaharan has Pangandaran téh aya Asin Jambal Roti, Opak Cikalong, jus honjé, pindang gunung jeung liwet jolem. [[Gambar:Ikan asin jambal roti.JPG|jmpl|Lauk Jambal Roti.]] [[Gambar:Arius 090604-0069 mank.JPG|jmpl|Lauk asin jambal roti keur dipoé.]] [[Gambar:NeoariusPaucus4FishBase.jpg|jmpl|Lauk Kadungkang atawa Manyung bahan Lauk Asin Jambal Roti.]] [[Gambar:Sundanese Food 02.JPG|jmpl|Lauk asin jambal roti jeung sangu haneut sapuratina.]] ==== Asin jambal roti ==== Ngaran jambal roti téh tina dua kecap nyaéta jambal anu hartina lauk anu diasinkeun jeung roti anu mangrupa kadaharan anu kandel jeung gedé dagingna.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sumsel24.com/kuliner/pr-3282592152/ikan-asin-jambal-roti-pangandaran-dari-ikan-apa-dan-kenapa-disebut-jambal-roti|title=Ikan Asin Jambal Roti Pangandaran Dari Ikan Apa? Dan Kenapa Disebut Jambal Roti ? - Sumsel 24 - Halaman 2|last=SE|first=Ketih|website=Ikan Asin Jambal Roti Pangandaran Dari Ikan Apa? Dan Kenapa Disebut Jambal Roti ? - Sumsel 24 - Halaman 2|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228111206/https://www.sumsel24.com/kuliner/pr-3282592152/ikan-asin-jambal-roti-pangandaran-dari-ikan-apa-dan-kenapa-disebut-jambal-roti|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> Lauk [[asin jambal roti]] téh aya tilu wanda nyaéta asin jambal roti mantéga, jambal roti tuban jeung jambal roti bodas. Lamun asin jambal roti mantéga asalna tina lauk [[kadukang]] atawa manyung.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2021/02/18/kalau-main-ke-pantai-pangandaran-jangan-lupa-oleh-olehnya-ikan-asin-jambal-roti-maknyus|title=Kalau Main ke Pantai Pangandaran, Jangan Lupa Oleh-olehnya, Ikan Asin Jambal Roti, Maknyus|last=Padna|website=Tribunjabar.id|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228111159/https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2021/02/18/kalau-main-ke-pantai-pangandaran-jangan-lupa-oleh-olehnya-ikan-asin-jambal-roti-maknyus|archivedate=2023-02-28}}</ref> Di wewengkon lianna sok aya anu nyebut Kedukan, Keropak, Dukang, Badukang, Bedukang, Pedukang, Babukan, Kedapang Waru jeung Lauk cucuk. Ieu lauk biasana hirup di walungan, basisir anu leutakan jeung laut. Keur nyumponan pangabutuh kulinér biasana lauk kadungkang sok dibantuan pasokanana ti wewengkon [[Kota Cirebon|Cirebon]].<ref name=":26" /> Jambal roti tuban asalna tina lauk [[tuban]] jeung jambal roti bodas asalna tina lauk anu warna bodas. Harga lauk asin jambal roti mantéga 140.000 sakilogramna, lauk jambal bodas hargana 120.000 sakilogramna jeung anu pangmahalna mah lauk asin jambal roti Tuban hargana nepi ka 150.000 sakilogramna. Prosés nyieun lauk asin jambal téh kieu, lauk anu rék dijadikeun asin jambal dibeulah tuluy diberesihan. Campurkeun [[uyah]] [[kristal]] kana [[beuteung]] jeung bagian awak lauk nepi ka rata. Uyah kristal dipilih sabab miboga asin anu maksimal. Sanggeus kitu dipoé nepi ka garing dina morérétna [[cahya]] [[panonpoé]]. Husus lauk asin jambal Tuban prosésna lumayan lila, ti mimiti ngeueuman dina cai jeung diuyahan, dipoé nepi ka layak jual téh mikabutuh waktu 10-12 poé.<ref name=":27" /> ==== Opak cikalong ==== [[Gambar:Opak Ketan makanan khas orang Sunda (1).jpg|jmpl|280x280px|Opak ketan legit.|kiri]]Geus lila ieu kadaharan dijieun tina [[ketan]] kalawan sok dijadikeun oléh- oléh [[tradisional]] ku nu geus pakanci ti Pangandaran. Kalayan rasa has, tékstur anu lemes tina tipung ketan, rasa anu unik jeung rangu sabab prosés masakna henteu ngagunakeun [[katél]] tapi digarang sacara langsung dina [[seuneu]]. Lolobana anu nyieun opak Cikalong dilakukeun ku ibu rumah tangga ti Désa Cikalong, Kacamatan Sidamulih, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Ngaliwatan prosés jeung ngagunakeun pakakas basajan, opak Cikalong salawasna bisa ngarojong [[ékonomi]] désa jeung kahirupan masarakat anu nyieunna. Ku kituna, nu nyieun ieu mah tangtu tirun-tinurun ti [[Kulawarga|kulawargana]] ka sababaraha générasi. Nyieun opak téh henteu hésé teuing, saha waé bisa ngalakukeunana. Carana campurkeun [[tipung]] ketan jeung [[cipati]] tuluy ditambah [[uyah]] sacukupna. Sanggeus jadi [[adonan]], dicetak laju digaringkeun dina [[panonpoé]]. Sanggeus garing tuluy digarang dina seuneu sacara langsung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pangandarannews.com/2017/08/opak-cikalong-masih-tetap-jadi-oleh.html|title=OPAK CIKALONG MASIH TETAP JADI OLEH-OLEH KHAS PANGANDARAN|last=AS|first=Anton|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224201028/https://www.pangandarannews.com/2017/08/opak-cikalong-masih-tetap-jadi-oleh.html|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> ==== Jus honjé ==== [[Gambar:Etlingera elatior 7zz.jpg|jmpl|280x280px|Honjé bisa jadi jus.]] Jus honje mimiti disebut minangka inuman has Pangandaran, nalika Pangandaran masih jadi Daerah Otonom Baru (DOB). [[Endjang Naffandy]], anu harita diangkat jadi Plt. Bupati Pangandaran, ngahadiran acara di Kementrian. Waktu keur anteng ngobrol jeung [[pajabat]] séjén ti luar wewengkon, Endjang ditanya naon [[kadaharan]] jeung [[inuman]] has Pangandaran. Salah saurang babaturan Endjang anu ngaranna Gumilar kabeneran aya di gigireunana. Gumilar tuluy ngaharéwos, inuman khas Pangandaran nyaéta [[jus honjé]]. Ari kadaharan has Pangandaran nyaéta [[pindang gunung]]. Endjang tuluy ngajawab pananya para pejabat bari ngajelaskeun rasa has tina jus honjé jeung pindang gunung. Nalika status Pangandaran masih DOB, jus honjé jeung pindang gunung jadi utama dina [[Acara|acara-acara]] resmi. Keur ngajaga kualitas jus honje sangkan rasana tetep unik dina [[létah]]. Bahan bakuna kudu ngagunakeun [[honjé]] laka beureum (''etlingera hemisphaerica''). Cara nyieunna, honjé laka nu warnana beureum dikumbah nepi ka beresih. Tuluy dipipil atawa dipocél, ditutu laju dicampur [[cai]] diasakan nepi ka ngagolak. Sanggeus asak laju disaring jeung diamisan ku [[gula]] bodas sacukupna. Ukuran 20 botol 330 mililiter jus honjé bisa dihasilkeun tina sakilogram honjé laka beureum. [[Harga]] bahan bakuna nyaéta honjé sakilona ukur 20.000, tapi lamun keur [[usum]] [[halodo]] mah bisa undak kana harga 25.000 nepi ka 30.000. Ieu jus lamun disimpen dina [[botol]] jeung teu kana kulkaskeun sanajan teu maké bahan pangawét bisa kuat nepi ka sabulan teu kadaluarsa. Tapi, lamun diteundeun dina [[kulkas]] mah bisa kuat nepi ka 10 bulan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2021/02/sejarah-jus-honje-jadi-minuman-khas-pangandaran/|title=Sejarah Jus Honje Jadi Minuman Khas Pangandaran|last=Enceng|website=Harapan Rakyat|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224203336/https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2021/02/sejarah-jus-honje-jadi-minuman-khas-pangandaran/|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Khasiat jus honjé lamun dikonsumsi rutin bakal nambahan [[stamina]] jeung daya tahan awak jadi wedel, ngaleungitkeun teu ngareunah awak ku sabab asup [[angin]] jeung ngurangan [[Kolesterol|koléstrol]] anu aya dina [[awak]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mypangandaran.com/blog/read/kuliner-pangandaran/175/jus-honje-minuman-khas-pangandaran|title=myPangandaran - Informasi Pangandaran Terlengkap|last=Sumarwoto|website=www.mypangandaran.com|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224203337/https://www.mypangandaran.com/blog/read/kuliner-pangandaran/175/jus-honje-minuman-khas-pangandaran|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> [[Gambar:Red Snapper Raw.jpg|jmpl|Lauk kakap beureum bisa diolah jadi pindang gunung.]] ==== Pindang gunung ==== Ngaran pindang gunung téh asalna tina dua kecap nyaéta pindang jeung gunung. Pindang hartina sayuran atawa sop anu bahan dasarna lauk laut, ari dingaranan gunung sabab dina prosés nyieunna ngagunakeun [[bungbu]] anu asalna ti pilemburan atawa bungbu anu biasana aya jeung tumuwuh di wewengkon pagunungan, saperti honjé jeung [[daun]] [[kadongdong]]. Ieu kadaharan geus aya ti taun 1970-an, ngan mahabu jeung dipikawanoh ku masarakat mah sanggeus Pangandaran remi jadi kabupatén pamekaran ti [[Ciamis]] dina taun 2012. Salah sahiji promosi wisata kulinér anu panggedéna nyaéta dina festival kulinér anu dialpukahan ku Program Studi di Luar Kampus Utama (PSDKU) Universitas Padjajaran (UNPAD) Pangandaran, dina 24 November 2018 anu bisa ngahasilkeun 2018 porsi pindang gunung. Cara anu dilakukeun téh geus diasupkeun jadi rékor Museum Rekor Indonesia (MURI).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/pindang-gunung/|title=Pindang Gunung|last=Setiawan|first=Irvan|website=Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Jawa Barat|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224212449/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/pindang-gunung/|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Ieu kadaharan téh sabenerna mah [[sop]] [[lauk]], ngan anu jadi ciri hasna nyaéta kuahna anu warna [[konéng]] jeung rasana beunghar ku bungbu-bungbu tradisional. Ieu kadaharan téh sabenerna resép basajan ti para [[pamayang]] anu hayang basajan ngolah lauk anu unggal poé aya di [[Dapur|dapurna]]. Lauk anu digunakeun bahan bakuna bébas, bisa lauk [[balong]] ([[guramé]] jeung [[kancra]]) atawa lauk laut. Tapi leuwih pédo mah lamun digunakeun lauk [[kakap beureum]], [[mangmung]], [[kerapu]], [[karokod]] jeung [[tongkol]]. Bungbu anu diperelukeun keur masak pindang gunung nyaéta [[konéng]], honjé, daun kadongdong, [[tarasi]] jeung [[céngék]]. Cara masakna, golakkeun heula cai dina [[panci]]. Lauk anu rék diasakan diberesihan heula tuluy dikeureutan luyu jeung kahayang. Réndos tarasi, konéng, uyah jeung céngék nepi ka lembut. Sanggeus cai ngagolak, asupkeun bahan anu geus diréndos tadi. Sangkan rasa bungbuna teu peuheur, saméméh diasupkeun cai dina panci kudu bener-bener ngagolak. Sanggeus kitu, asupkeun lauk. Utamakeun huluna heula sabab éta anu asakna rada lila. Geprék kembang honjé sacukupna asupkeun kana panci. Tungguan 15-20 menit. Pamungkas asupkeun daun kadongdong. Sanggeus cai ngagolak jeung lauk asak karasa hipu angkat pindahkeun kana [[piring]] saji.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/pindang-gunung-di-kabupaten-pangandaran/|title=Pindang Gunung di Kabupaten Pangandaran|last=Somantri|first=Ria Andayani|website=Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Jawa Barat|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224210637/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/pindang-gunung-di-kabupaten-pangandaran/|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> [[Gambar:Nasi Liwet Jolem.jpg|jmpl|Liwet jolem ti Cijulang.]] ==== Liwet jolem ==== Liwet jolem asalna ti Kacamatan Cijulang, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Anu jadi ciri has tina ieu [[liwet]] ti batan jeung sangu liwet anu séjén nyaéta dipakéna [[oér]] atawa jantung [[cau kepok]] jeung [[cau siem]] keur bahan panambahna. Lian ti éta, lauk anu digunakeunana jaér [[guramé]] jeung kancra, lain [[peda]] jeung [[teri]] cara sangu liwet biasa. <ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=https://jabar.genpi.co/wisata/213/mencicipi-nasi-liwet-jolem-khas-cijulang-yang-bikin-ketagihan|title=GenPI.co|last=SISWANDINI|first=NOVIANTI|website=GenPI.co|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224220434/https://jabar.genpi.co/wisata/213/mencicipi-nasi-liwet-jolem-khas-cijulang-yang-bikin-ketagihan|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Bungbu anu digunakeun dina sangu liwet jolem nyaéta [[séréh]], [[tomat]],céngék jeung bungbu konéng anu geus diréndos. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://food.detik.com/berita-boga/d-5950279/juara-sedapnya-nasi-liwet-jolem-khas-pangandaran-topping-ikan-mas|title=Juara Sedapnya! Nasi Liwet Jolem Khas Pangandaran Topping Ikan Mas|last=Fadilah|first=Aldi Nur|website=detikfood|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224220437/https://food.detik.com/berita-boga/d-5950279/juara-sedapnya-nasi-liwet-jolem-khas-pangandaran-topping-ikan-mas|archivedate=2023-02-24}}</ref> Keur nambahan rasa, ieu sangu liwet leuwih ngeunah lamun didahar bareng jeung pencok kacang Ieu kadaharan biasana loba di rumah makan sabudeureun wisata basisir [[Batu Karas|batu karas]] jeung [[Cukang Taneuh|green canyon]].<ref name=":20" /> === Puseur Balanja === * Atlantik. Ieu tempat ayana di Jalan Raya Banjar-Pangandaran Nomer 16, Putrapinggan, Kacamatan Kalipucang, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Ieu toko kawilang kumplit jeung buka unggal poé [[senén]] nepi ka poé [[jumaah]] jam 07.00-22.00 WIB jeung poé minggu mah 24 jam. * Oléh-oléh Basisir Pangandaran téh ayana di Jalan Bulak Laut, Pananjung, Kacamatan Pangandaran, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Bukana unggal poé ti jam 07.00-22.00 WIB. * Owen Résto aya di Jalan Raya Babakan, Kacamatan Pangandaran, Kabupatén Pangandaran. Buka unggal poé ti jam 08.00 nepi ka 21.00 WIB. * Puseur oléh-oléh Pangandaran Ibu Ros anu aya di Kidang Pananjung No.133, Kacamatan Pangandaran, Kabupatén Pangandaran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/jendela-dunia/5-pusat-oleh-oleh-pangandaran-untuk-keluarga-tercinta-1yaYN7sjoUG|title=5 Pusat Oleh-Oleh Pangandaran untuk Keluarga Tercinta|last=Diah|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227035342/https://kumparan.com/jendela-dunia/5-pusat-oleh-oleh-pangandaran-untuk-keluarga-tercinta-1yaYN7sjoUG|archivedate=2023-02-27}}</ref> [[Gambar:JAGUNG.jpg|jmpl|Jagong hasil tani panglobana salian ti paré di Pangandaran.]] === Tatanén === Dina taun 2020, produksi tatanén [[sayuran]] taunan panglobana nyaéta [[bonténg]] 4.768 kintal. Ari produksi bungbuahan didominasi ku [[cau]] 118.532 kintal. pikeun tutuwuhan biopharma atawa anu miboga khasiat keur [[ubar]], produksi pangbadagna nyaéta [[kapulaga]] 4.486.649 kilogram jeung [[jahé]] anu lobana 90.704 kilogram. Keur kadaharan poko salian ti [[paré]] mah produksi panglobana nyaéta [[jagong]] nepi ka 11.857,11 Ton. Ieu di handap jumlah lahan [[sawah]] anu dikokolakeun ku masarakat di Pangandaran. Legana lahan sawah anu diolah di Kacamatan Cimerak aya 1427 héktar (9%), Kacamatan Sidamulih aya 1025 héktar (6%), Kacamatan Kalipucang aya 918 héktar (5%), Kacamatan Padahérang aya 3670 héktare (22%), Kacamatan Pangandaran aya 1095 héktar (5%), Kacamatan Mangunjaya aya 1761 héktar (11%), Kacamatan Parigi aya 2095 héktar (13%), Kacamatan Langkaplancar aya 2269 héktar (14%), Kacamatan Cijulang aya 1404 héktar (8%), Kacamatan Cigugur aya 899 héktar (5%). <ref name=":1" /> [[Gambar:Potongan daging sapi (1).JPG|jmpl|Daging sapi hasil ternak panggedéna di Pangandaran.]] === Ternak === Ingon-ingon anu loba dikukut di Kabupatén Pangandaran téh aya anu awakna gedé, leutik jeung jangjangan. Dina taun 2020, jumlah [[sapi]] potong 18.137, [[kuda]] 138, 318 [[munding]], [[embé]] 12.299 jeung 26.317 [[domba]]. Unggas anu dipiara téh nyaéta [[hayam]] endog, broiler campur, hayam ras, jeung [[éntog]]. Jumlah hayam endog aya 320.252, campuran broiler 297.072, hayam ras 338.177 jeung éntog aya 28.575. Ari produksi daging ingon-ingon pangbadagna nyaéta sapi anu lobana 662.696 kilogram. Produksi panggedéna daging sato anu jangjangan nyaéta hayam ras anu lobana 3.875.714 kilogram.<ref name=":1" /> == Transportasi == [[Gambar:Stasiun Banjar 2020.jpg|jmpl|Jalur karéta api ka Pangandaran ukur bisa diaksés nepi Stasion Banjar.]] Di Kabupatén Pangandaran panjang jalanna dina taun 2020 nyaéta 504,31 kilométer. Tina sakabéh panjangna jalan 78,77% dina kaayaan alus, 6,32% dina kaayaan sedeng, 3,87% dina kaayaan ruksak jeung11,04% dina kaayaan ruksak beurat.<ref name=":1" /> [[Gambar:Pangandaran Train (KLB 12412).jpg|jmpl|[[Gambar:KA Pangandaran Logo.jpg|jmpl|Plang Karéta Api Pangandaran-Bandung.]]Karéta Api Pangandaran.]] === Transportasi darat === Terminal téh di Kabupatén Pangandaran téh aya di Désa Pananjung, Kacamatan Pangandaran. Dina sapoé mobilisasi kandaraan di terminal téh nepi ka 60 unit [[angkutan]]. Angkutan pedésaan 20 angkutan, [[bus]] antar kota dalam provinsi (AKDP) aya 26 angkutan jeung bus antar kota antar provinsi (AKAP) aya 16 angkutan. [[Terminal Pangandaran]] kaasup kana tipe C anu bakal ditaékkeun statusna ku Pamaréntah Provinsi Jawa Kulon kana tipe B sanggeus diréhab deui.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesindonesia.co.id/peristiwa-daerah/334924/rencana-pembangunan-terminal-pangandaran-dalam-tahap-kajian|title=Rencana Pembangunan Terminal Pangandaran dalam Tahap Kajian - TIMES Indonesia|last=Hilmansyah (MG-312)|first=Hilman|website=timesindonesia.co.id|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118164652/https://timesindonesia.co.id/peristiwa-daerah/334924/rencana-pembangunan-terminal-pangandaran-dalam-tahap-kajian|archivedate=2025-01-18}}</ref> Salian ti terminal aya ogé aksés ngagunakeun [[karéta api]] ti [[Stasion Banjar]]. Ngan ayeuna mah masih non-aktif kénéh. Baheula mah aya cabang jalur ti Stasion Banjar ka Pangandaran tuluy ka Cijulang, ngan kiwari keur ngalaman prosés réaktivasi ku [[pamaréntah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arahkata.pikiran-rakyat.com/berita/pr-1281478525/wow-reaktivasi-rel-ka-banjar-pangandaran-bakal-habiskan-rp1-triliun|title=Wow.. Reaktivasi Rel KA Banjar-Pangandaran Bakal Habiskan Rp1 Triliun|last=Novriansyah|first=Dudy|website=arahkata.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211120327/https://arahkata.pikiran-rakyat.com/berita/pr-1281478525/wow-reaktivasi-rel-ka-banjar-pangandaran-bakal-habiskan-rp1-triliun|archivedate=2022-02-11}}</ref> === Transportasi Udara === Di Pangandaran aya bandara nyaéta Nusawiru di Kacamatan Cijulang. Ieu bandara nyadiakeun jasa transportasi udara ti Pangandaran ka Bandung jeung Pangandaran ka Jakarta.<ref name=":6" /> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}}{{JaBar}} {{Kabupatén Pangandaran}} {{Indonesia-pondok}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Pangandaran| ]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Jawa Kulon|Pangandaran]] [[Kategori:Artikel WikiMekar]] i0vqu3j8j0yc83k6asfno9e4bsfvfv0 Linköping 0 41358 729216 442693 2026-09-26T16:37:24Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|Lidköping}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Linköping |motto = Linköping - nalika ide datang kana kahirupan |image_skyline = Stora torget, Linköping, juli 2005.jpg |image_caption = Alaun-alun di Linköping |pushpin_map = Sweden |pushpin_label_position = |coordinates_region = SE |subdivision_type = [[Nagara]] |subdivision_name = [[Swédia]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Munisipalitas di Swédia|Munisipalitas]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Munisipalitas Linköping]] |subdivision_type2 = [[County di Swédia|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[County Östergötland]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Propinsi di Swédia|Propinsi]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Östergötland]] |established_title = Ngadeg |established_date = Abad ka-12 |area_footnotes = <ref name=scb>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01Z/01_Localities2010_land_area_pop_density_2005_2010.xls |title=Localities 2010, area, population and density in localities 2005 and 2010 and change in area and population |date=29 May 2012 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311133830/http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01Z/01_Localities2010_land_area_pop_density_2005_2010.xls |archivedate=11 March 2014 |deadurl=no |accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 42.16 |population_as_of = 31 Désémber 2010 |population_footnotes = <ref name=scb /> |population_total = 104232 |population_metro = 140367 |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |coordinates_display = display=inline,title |latd=58 |latm=24 |lats=57 |latNS=N |longd=15 |longm=37 |longs=31 |longEW=E |elevation_m = 45 |postal_code_type = Kode pos |postal_code = 58x xx |area_code = (+46) 13 |website = {{URL|http://www.linkoping.se/}} }} '''Linköping''' {{IPA-sv|ˈlɪnːˌɕøːpɪŋ|}} nyaéta salah sahiji dayeuh di [[Swédia]] kidul, kalayan pangeusi 148,859 urang dina taun 2013.<ref name=scb /> Mangrupa puseurna [[Munisipalitas Linköping]] sarta puseur dayeuh [[County Östergötland]]. Linköping ogé mangrupa [[tempat kauskupan]] di [[Kauskupan Linköping]] ([[Garéja di Swédia]]) sarta kawentar ku katedralna. Linköping mangrupa puseur [[wewengkon budaya]] buhun tur ngarayakeun tepung taunna nu ka-700 dina taun 1987. Nu ngadominasi suku langit dayeuh ti kajauhan nyaéta munara [[Katedral Linköping|katedralna]]. Kiwari Linköping kasohor ku [[Universitas Linköping|universitasna]] katut industri [[téhnologi luhur]]na. Linköping boga maksud nyieun kamekaran dayeuh nu tuluy tinuluy sarta ngarencanakeun pikeun jadi komunitas nétral karbon dina taun 2025. ==Sajarah== {{Unreferenced section|date=February 2011}} [[File:Lkpgdomkyrka-ne.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Katedral Linköping]] disawang ti béh wétan.]] [[File:Suecia 3-004 ; Linköping.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Linköping ditempo ti béh kulon, di ''[[Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna]]''.]] [[File:Hunnebergsgatan i Linköping.JPG|thumb|240px|right|Hunnebergsgatan: jalan heubeul kalayan cagar wangunan kuna.]] Ieu dayeuh kawasna mah dingaranan dumasar kana kumpulan ''[[Lionga thing|Lionga ting]]'' nu dumasar kana [[Hukum Skandinavia Abad Panengah]] mah mangrupa [[Thing (assembly)|thing]] pangpentingna di [[Östergötland]]. Lokasi persisna ieu Lionga ting henteu kanyahoan, tapi kawasna mah sapanjang [[Eriksgata]]. [[Köping]] hartina aya pasar di dinya. <!-- Historically, Linköping is famed for being an early [[diocese]], second in Sweden (within its pre-1658 boundaries) only to [[Skara]]. The diocese is first mentioned in 1104 in the so-called "[[List of Florence]]" (''Lionga. Kaupinga''). The monastery of [[Vreta Abbey|Vreta Kloster]] near Roxen north of Linköping was established in 1128, and the oldest parts of the cathedral are also from the 12th century (although it has been changed many times since then, the eye-catching tower with copper roofing being a 19th-century product). On several occasions attempts to achieve a separate Swedish archdiocese were based in Linköping, although, when they finally were successful in 1164, [[Uppsala]] was chosen instead. Religious centers tend to become educational centers, and Linköping was no exception. A [[cathedral school]] can be traced from 1266. In 1627 the current [[Katedralskolan, Linköping|Linköping cathedral school]] was established, making it the third oldest [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] in Sweden. Also, Linköping was the site for the final settlement of the dispute between king [[Sigismund III Vasa]] and his uncle [[Charles IX of Sweden|Duke Charles]], the latter prevailing in the [[battle of Stångebro]] (today a sports field near central Linköping) on 25 September 1598. This ultimately led to the rise to the throne of Charles (''de facto'' at the 1600 [[Riksdag of the Estates]] meeting in Linköping and formally four years later) and the end of the short-lived [[Swedish-Polish personal union]], as well as the [[Linköping Bloodbath|execution]] of five of Charles's political opponents on the main square of Linköping on 20 March 1600. Linköping was a small town until 1937, when the [[Saab Group|Saab]] aircraft industry was formed, starting a period of rapid expansion. [[Linköping University]] was established in the 1960s. Today the city is a center of high-technology and software industry. ==Budaya== {{Travel guide|date=July 2009}} [[File:Linköping-tekniska verken.jpg|thumb|240px|The headquarters of regional utilities company, [[Mälarenergi|Tekniska Verken]], at Stångebro]] Linköping offers a wealth of leisure activities to people of all ages. Residents and visitors are able to enjoy art, theatre, history, concerts, markets, festivals and sporting events. Special sights of interests are: the locks of Berg on the [[Göta Canal]], the locks of the Kinda Canal, ''Gamla'' Linköping, Valla''skogen'' and Valla ''fritidsområde'' (Old Linköping, [[Valla Wood]], and the Valla recreational area), ''Flygvapen''museum (the Air Force Museum), Linköping's ''domkyrka'' (the Cathedral), ''Slotts- och domkyrkomuseet'' (the Castle and Cathedral Museum) and ''Östergötlands Länsmuseum'' (the Östergötland County Museum). ''Konsthallen Passagen'' is an art gallery located in the main square. Tornby, to the north of the city centre, is a vast shopping area with huge retail outlets and immense parking lots. The city and its environs offer all sorts of green landscapes to see and experience. Two examples are a park named after the group responsible for it, ''Trädgårdsföreningen'' (The Garden Society), and the Tinnerö area with its oak woodland. Local bodies of water include the lakes Roxen, Rängen and Järnlunden, the River Stångån/Kinda Canal and the Göta Canal with the Berg locks. These areas can be accessed by foot, bicycle, or boat. Linköping is the home of the ''Linköping Symphony Orchestra''. The city is one of the sites of the ''Östergötland Music Days'' each summer, and the host of the ''Student Orchestra Festival'' in May every other year. One of the most notable choirs in Linköping is the [[Linköping University Male Voice Choir]]. The area around the main square was re-planned in the 1960s and many old houses were destroyed. Some, however, were moved to ''[[Gamla Linköping]]'' (Old Linköping), in the city's western part, neighbouring the university's main campus. It is a living museum environment and a popular site with both residents and tourists. {{wide image|Panorama linkoeping-ebv m beller.jpg|1500px|A panorama picture of Linköping, with the [[Linköping Cathedral|Domkyrka]] as the highest building of the whole city}} ==Olah raga== Teams from Linköping are prominent in [[floorball]], [[volleyball]] ([[Linköpings VC]]) and [[ice hockey]] ([[Linköpings HC]] (see above), or "Cluben" as some fans refer to it). The hockey team allied itself with Linköping's women's football team and created [[Linköpings FC]], which plays in the highest division. The team won the Swedish Cup in 2006 and 2014. The world's largest [[floorball]] club [http://www.linkopinginnebandy.se Linköping Innebandy] resides in the indoor sports arena in the city centre. The city continues to lack a first-class men's team in football with several teams competing in the lower leagues. Other sports clubs include: * [[BK Derby]] * [[Derby/Linköping BK]] * [[BK Kenty]] * [[LiU AIF FK]] * [[Hjulsbro IK]] * [[IK Östria Lambohov]] * [[Karle IF]] * [[Linköpings ASS]] * [[Malmslätts AIK]] ==Ékonomi== One of the biggest employers in Linköping is [[Saab Group|Saab]] which among other products manufactures the [[JAS 39 Gripen|SAAB Gripen]] fighter jet and where the [[Saab 340|SAAB 340]] twin-engine commuter turboprop was produced. {{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} The city also has a strong presence in information technology based industries such as Sectra, [[Industrial and Financial Systems|IFS (Industrial and Financial Systems)]], Motorola, [[Ericsson]], Cambio Healthcare Systems AB, and many others. [[Toyota Industries|Toyota Industries Sweden AB]] has a presence in Linköping, as one of its subsidiaries, BT Industries, is located in nearby [[Mjölby]]. The [[Swedish Air Force Museum]] is located near the town. ==Angkutan== The city is situated south of lake [[Roxen]] (which is part of the historically important water paths [[Motala ström]] and the [[Göta Canal]]) where the [[European route E4|E4]], Sweden's highway backbone, crosses the river [[Stångån]] (and [[Kinda kanal]]). Further contributing to Linköping's excellent communications is its situation on the main southern railway line connecting [[Stockholm]] (< 2 hours away) with [[Malmö]] and [[Denmark|Danish]] capital [[Copenhagen]] (3 and a half hours away). There is also an international airport, [[Linköping City Airport]] with daily connections to Amsterdam (1h 50min) and Copenhagen. --> ==Warga nu kasohor== {{multicol}} *[[Niklas Luoto]] *[[Ghost (Swedish band)|Ghost]] *[[Martin Axenrot]] *[[Jöns Jacob Berzelius]] *[[Hans Brask]] *[[Elsa Brändström]] *[[Magnus Bäckstedt]] *[[Oscar Cesare]] *[[Tage Danielsson]] *[[Cecilia Frode]] {{multicol-break}} *[[Thomas Funck]] *[[Marie Göranzon]] *[[Gunnar Hoffsten]] *[[Louise Hoffsten]] *[[Patrik Jensen]] *[[Thord Johansson]] *[[Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)]] *[[Anders Ljungstedt]] *[[Martin Lönnebo]] *[[Olaus Magnus]] {{multicol-break}} *[[Mercedes Masöhn]] *[[Erik Sagström]] *[[Magnus Andersson]] *[[Pierre Thorsson]] *[[André Oscar Wallenberg]] *[[Lars Winnerbäck]] *[[Bruno K. Öijer]] *[[Jenni Asserholt]] *[[Magnus Johansson]] *[[Jonna Lee (singer)|Jonna Lee]] (of [[iamamiwhoami]]) {{multicol-end}} ==Tatangga== {{multicol}} *[[Downtown Linköping|Downtown]] *[[Ramshäll]] *[[Vimanshäll]] *[[djurgården linköping|Djurgården]] *[[Ekholmen]] *[[Ekkällan]] *[[Johannelund]] *[[Berga, Linköping|Berga]] *[[Garnisonen]] {{multicol-break}} *[[Gottfridsberg]] *[[Hackefors]] *[[Hejdegården]] *[[Hjulsbro]] *[[Jägarvallen]] *[[Kallerstad]] *[[Lambohov]] *[[Mjärdevi]] *[[Ryd, Linköping|Ryd]] {{multicol-break}} *[[Skäggetorp]] *[[Tallboda]] *[[Tannefors]] *[[Tornby]] *[[Ullstämma]] *[[West valla]] *[[East valla]] *[[Vasastaden linköping|Vasastaden]] *[[Vidingsjö]] {{multicol-end}} ==Tempo ogé== *[[Diocese of Linköping]] *[[Roundabout dog]] *[[Linköping University]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} ==Tumbu kaluar== {{Commons}} *{{Official website|http://www.linkoping.se/sv/International/English/}} {{en icon}} * [http://www.visitlinkoping.se www.visitlinkoping.se - The official visitors guide to Linköping] *{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Linköping |short=x}} {{Localities in Linköping Municipality}} {{Östergötland County}} {{Swedish Seats}} {{30 most populous cities of Sweden}} {{50 most populous urban settlements of Scandinavia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Linkoping}} [[Category:Linköping| ]] [[Category:Puseur munisipalitas di County Östergötland]] [[Category:Puseur munisipalitas di Swédia]] [[Category:Tempat padet di County Östergötland]] [[Category:Dayeuh pasar di Swédia]] oen8ywgqdnrwsbnntou8ldsgqdn2ebs Västerås 0 41423 729347 666622 2026-09-27T02:08:45Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Västerås |nickname = Mälarstaden,<br> Gurkstaden (Cucumber City) |image_skyline = Västerås Skrapan.jpg |image_caption = "Skrapan di Dayeuh Västerås |pushpin_map = Sweden |pushpin_label_position = |coordinates_region = SE |subdivision_type = [[Nagara]] |subdivision_name = [[Swédia]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Munisipalitas di Swédia|Munisipalitas]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Munisipalitas Västerås]] |subdivision_type2 = [[County di Swédia|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[County Västmanland]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Propinsi di Swédia|Propinsi]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Västmanland]] |area_footnotes = <ref name=scb>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01Z/01_Localities2010_land_area_pop_density_2005_2010.xls |title=Localities 2010, area, population and density in localities 2005 and 2010 and change in area and population |date=29 May 2012 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311133830/http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01Z/01_Localities2010_land_area_pop_density_2005_2010.xls |archivedate=11 March 2014 |deadurl=no |accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 52.94 |area_metro_km2 = 962.78 |population_as_of = 31 Désémber 2012 |population_footnotes = <ref name=scb/> |population_total = 110877 |population_metro = 142131 |population_density_km2 = 2094 |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |coordinates_display = display=inline,title |latd=59 |latm=36 |lats=58 |latNS=N |longd=16 |longm=33 |longs=10 |longEW=E |elevation_m = 17 |postal_code_type = Kode pos |postal_code = 72x xx |area_code = (+46) 21 |website = {{URL|http://www.vasteras.se/}} }} '''Västerås''' {{IPA-sv|vɛstərˈoːs|}} nyaéta salah sahiji [[Dayeuh di Swédia|dayeuh]] di puseur [[Swédia]], nu perenahna di sisi Sistu [[Mälaren]] di propinsi [[Västmanland]], {{convert|100|km|0|abbr=off}} kuloneun [[Stockholm]]. Ieu dayeuh populasina 140.499 urang (2014),<ref name=scb/> tina total pangeusi munisipalitas nu jumlahna 137,207 urang (2010) (lamun ngitungna lain sakabéh munisipalitas, tapi ukur kaasup pasisian Västerås' mah, jumlahna téh 128 840 urang (2010).<ref>http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101A/FolkmangdTatort/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=65599dff-176c-4ced-a249-2eeeb177f73c</ref> Västerås téh puseurna [[Munisipalitas Västerås]], puseur dayeuh [[County Västmanland]] sarta [[puseur kauskupan]]. [[File:Stadshuset Västerås.jpg|thumb|160px|left|Balé Kota Västerås]] == Sajarah== [[File:Suecia 2-036 ; Västerås.jpg|left|thumb|Västerås circa 1700, in ''[[Suecia antiqua et hodierna]]''.]]<!-- Västerås is one of the oldest cities in Sweden and Northern Europe. The name originates from ''Västra Aros'', which refers to the river mouth of [[Svartån]]. The area has been populated since the Nordic [[Viking Age]], before 1000 AD. In the beginning of the 11th century it was the second largest city in Sweden, and by the 12th century had become the seat of the bishop. [[Anundshög]] is located just outside the City of Västerås. Anundshög is Sweden's largest burial mound. "Hög" is derived from the [[Old Norse]] word ''haugr'' meaning mound or barrow. It was built about 500 AD and is over 74 yards wide and is almost 10 yards high. In the ensuing centuries a cathedral and a monastery were built. The first City Arms date from the end of the 13th century. King [[Gustav I of Sweden]] called together the [[Parliament of Sweden|riksdag]] in Västerås. During the riksdag assembly the decision was made to convert Sweden into a Protestant state and to remove the power of the Catholic Church. ''[[Rudbeckianska gymnasiet]]'', the oldest [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] ([[secondary school]]) in Sweden, was built in Västerås by [[Johannes Rudbeckius]] in 1623. In the 18th and 19th centuries the growing of [[cucumber]] became popular, and Västerås received the nickname ''Gurkstaden'' (the Cucumber City), which it still retains today. == Today == [[File:Gustav Vasa triumphs 3.jpg|thumb|left|[[Gustav I of Sweden]] in Västerås, 1527 ([[watercolor]] reproduction of a lost painting made later in this king's reign.]] [[File:Östermälarstand Västerås.jpg|thumb|left|Residential area Östermälarstrand in Västerås Harbour]] Västerås is predominantly known as an industrial city, but also a retailing and logistics city. The city wants to distinguish itself as ''Västerås - Mälarstaden'', meaning "Västerås—the city by Lake [[Mälaren]]", in order to attract tourists and new inhabitants, as well as students to the local [[university college]], [[Mälardalen University]] (approximately 16,000 enrolled students in Västerås and in the nearby [[Eskilstuna]]). To this effect, the city has started using a designed logo as branding in some official contexts, partially replacing the [[coat of arms]], as well as rebuilding several old harbor areas to make them more attractive to live in. Västerås has the largest lakeside commercial and recreational port in Scandinavia on Lake Mälaren. The city also has a [[skyscraper]] cordially nicknamed "[[Skrapan, Västerås|Skrapan]]" ({{lang-en|The Scraper}}) which has Sweden's highest-located [[cocktail bar]], called Sky Bar, on the 24th floor of the building. Västerås hosts [[Power Big Meet]], an annual event where owners of high-powered American cars can meet. ==Climate== According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Västerås experiences a [[humid continental climate]] with cold winters and warm summers. Summers tend to be quite unpredictable with sunny spells but with a risk of sudden showers. The sunniest weather usually occurs when high pressure systems are blocking the low pressure systems that usually moves in from the Atlantic Ocean. Daytime temperatures in July mostly hover around {{convert|22|°C|0|abbr=on}}, but may sometimes exceed {{convert|25|°C|0|abbr=on}} and occasionally even {{convert|30|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Winters are usually cold with a snow cover that lasts for several months. Some winters can be mild with longer spells without snow on the ground. The weather differs a lot whether the air masses are coming from the Atlantic Ocean or from the Eurasian continent. In the first case, temperatures over {{convert|5|°C|0|abbr=on}} might be expected. In the second case, the temperature may not rise above {{convert|-15|°C|0|abbr=on}} in the middle of the day. [[Mälaren|Lake Mälaren]] is usually frozen from December until the end of March. The highest official temperature reading of {{convert|36.0|°C|1|abbr=on}} was recorded on July 9, 1966. The lowest temperature of {{convert|-36.5|°C|1|abbr=on}} was recorded on January 24, 1875.<ref name=SMHI>{{cite web|title=Västmanlands klimat|url=http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/vastmanlands-klimat-1.4931|publisher=SMHI|accessdate=June 28, 2013}}</ref> <div style="width:85%;"> {{Weather box|Jan mean C = -3.8|Feb mean C = -3.8|Mar mean C = -0.2|Apr mean C = 4.7|May mean C = 11.1|Jun mean C = 15.9|Jul mean C = 17.1|Aug mean C = 15.8|Sep mean C = 11.4|Oct mean C = 7.0|Nov mean C = 1.5|Dec mean C = -2.2|Jan precipitation mm = 40.0|Feb precipitation mm = 29.2|Mar precipitation mm = 32.3|Apr precipitation mm = 34.9|May precipitation mm = 39.6|Jun precipitation mm = 54.4|Jul precipitation mm = 75.3|Aug precipitation mm = 71.5|Sep precipitation mm = 67.4|Oct precipitation mm = 56.5|Nov precipitation mm = 56.5|Dec precipitation mm = 44.7|location = Västerås (1961–1990)|date = June 2013|metric first = Y|single line = Y|source 1=|date=July 2013}} </div> == Economy == === Industry === [[File:Turbinhuset September 2014 04.jpg|thumb|The "Turbine house".]] In 1891, the [[Turbine House]], a small [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] dam was built on [[Svartån]], in central Västerås. This early electrification encouraged [[ASEA]], a large electricity equipment manufacturer, to concentrate its operations in Västerås, shifting focus away from [[Arboga]]. After the 1998 merger with nuclear power company [[Brown, Boveri & Cie]], [[ASEA]] became [[Asea Brown Boveri|ABB]]. As a result, Västerås was home to its Swedish headquarters. Since the Westinghouse takeover of ABB's nuclear business it is owned by [[Westinghouse Electric]]. It is situated mainly at the Mimer Complex in the city centre. Production facilities are in Finnslätten and Saltängen. Westinghouse Sweden produces nuclear fuel and offers nuclear services for the [[Boiling Water Reactor]]. As of 2014, Westinghouse Sweden had more than 1000 employees.<ref>{{cite web|title=Westinghouse Electric Sweden|url=http://www.westinghousenuclear.com/ProductLines/Nuclear_Fuel/sweden.shtm|work=Company website|publisher=Westinghouse|accessdate=15 April 2014}}</ref> The plant has provided fuel for Ukraine since 2005. On 11 April 2014, after the Russian annexation of Crimea, the contract with [[Energoatom]] for the [[South Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant]] was extended through 2020.<ref name=wnn>{{cite web|title=More Westinghouse fuel for Ukraine|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/ENF-More-Westinghouse-fuel-for-Ukraine-1104144.html|work=website|publisher=World Nuclear News|accessdate=16 April 2014|date=11 April 2014}}</ref> Other major industries include transportation like [[Bombardier Inc.|Bombardier]] with several distribution centres, coppersmiths [[Outokumpu|Outokumpu Copper]] and IT. === Retailing and trade === One of the historical reasons that made Västerås a city is its trading-friendly location by the river Svartån and lake Mälaren. The city remains one of the main logistical centers in Sweden due to its central location in the densely populated region [[Mälaren Valley|Mälardalen]] and favourable infrastructure connections with railways, waterways and highways. Amongst others, [[ICA AB]] has one of its main distribution centres located in Västerås. Västerås is the birthplace of multinational clothing retailer [[H&M]]. Their first store was opened in the town centre in 1947.<ref name=h&m>{{cite web |url=http://about.hm.com/AboutSection/en/About/Facts-About-HM/People-and-History/Our-History.html|title=H&M: Our-History}}</ref> == Sports == * De grönvita (The Green and White), [[Västerås SK Bandy|Västerås SK]] - Founded on January 29, 1904, "The Green and White" is the most successful [[bandy]] team in Sweden, with 18 Swedish Championships won. They have the largest indoor arena for bandy in Sweden, [[ABB Arena Nord|ABB Arena Syd]]. The [[Bandy World Championship for men]] have been played in Västerås several times. * [[VIK Västerås HK]], known as VIK Västerås Hockey Klubb. The club had its greatest moment in 1992/1993 when the club won the regular series in the Swedish Elitleague (VIK reached quarter finals in the playoff). In 2000 the club was degraded from the league and faced a financial crisis. The club was declared bancrupt. During the fall of 2000 the club restarted in the lowest division which the team won. Today (2010) they are playing in [[Hockeyallsvenskan]]. Among hockey players from Västerås you find: [[Nicklas Lidström]], [[Tommy Salo]], [[Patrik Berglund]], [[Mikael Backlund]] and many more. * [[Västerås SK Fotboll|Västerås SK]], currently plays in the third tier of Swedish football, [[division 1 north]]. Having mostly been playing in the higher divisions of Swedish football. The last time the club was in the premier division was in 1997. * [[IFK Västerås FK]], football club in [[Swedish football Division 5|Division 5]] Västmanland * [[IK Franke]], football club in [[Swedish Division 3|Division 3]] Västra Svealand * [[Juventus IF]], football club in [[Swedish Division 3|Division 3]] * [[Skiljebo SK]], football club in [[Swedish Division 2|Division 2]] Norra Svealand * [[Västerås IK Fotboll|Västerås IK]], football club in [[Swedish Division 2|Division 2]] Norra Svealand * In Women's Football Västerås is mostly known for the team [[Gideonsbergs IF Dam]], currently playing in the second division (Norrettan). The team won the Swedish Championships in 1992 and the Nordic Championships in 1993. *[[Västerås Roedeers]] - an American football team, founded 1989 *[[IVH Västerås]], Handball team. Lady team plays in the Elit League (Elitserien) and the men in Division 1. * [[Rönnby IBK]] Tigers, Floorball team. Won the Swedish lady championship in 2006/07 and 2009/10. * [[Västerås Friidrottsklubb]], Track and field club in Västerås, hosting the 2008 Swedish Championships. {{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} --> == Galeri gambar == <center><gallery> File:Västerås Skrapan.jpg|Highrise called "Skrapan" in Västerås City File:Västerås-Vasaparken.jpg|The Vasa park File:Västerås-Stadshotell.jpg|The City Hotel File:Västerås-turbinhus.jpg|The Turbine House File:Vasteras_Silhouette.jpg|[[Winter]] [[silhouette]] of Västerås File:Anundshog_Vasteras.jpg|[[Anundshög]], a [[tumulus]] site {{convert|7|km|0|abbr=on}} outside the city File:Västerås 01.jpg| File:Västerås_skyskrapa.jpg|The Västerås skyscraper, seen from below File:ABB Arena Syd.jpg|[[ABB Arena|ABB Arena Syd]], the biggest indoor arena for [[bandy]] in Sweden File:Västeras.jpg|Västerås (view from lake Mälaren) </gallery></center> == Warga asli nu kasohor == <!--- please add only persons with existing articles, please describe the person in just one word unless it cannot be properly done. Please use alphabetical order.---> {{Div col||30em}} * [[Axenstar]], [[Power metal]] band. * [[Bobo Stenson]], jazz pianist * [[Dagmar Lange]], author under the pen name Maria Lang * [[Embee]], hip hop deejay and producer * [[Esbjörn Svensson]], jazz pianist * [[Fredrik Johansson (guitarist)|Fredrik Johansson]], Musician * [[Sebastian Fronda|Fronda]], rapper * [[Gary Sundgren]], football player * [[Joachim Laukkanen]], Swedish comedian. * [[Jonny Rödlund]], football player * [[Lars Wallin]], fashion designer * [[Lars Ekborg]], [[Comedian]] * [[Linda Rosing]], singer, politician, modél * [[Loreen (singer)|Loreen]], singer, winner of [[Eurovision Song Contest 2012]] in Baku, Azerbaijan * [[Magnus Lindgren]], jazz musician * [[Mai Zetterling]], actress and film director * [[Maria Bonnevie]], actress * [[Maria Montazami]], television personality * [[Markus Oscarsson]], Olympic gold medalists in canoeing 2004 * [[Mattias Andréasson]], Singer and member in [[E.M.D]] * [[Mikael Backlund]], ice hockey player * [[Pandora (singer)|Pandora]], singer * [[Patrik Berglund]], ice hockey player * [[Patrik Isaksson (swimmer)|Patrik Isaksson]], [[swimmer]] * [[Pontus Kåmark]], football player * [[Promoe]], rapper (member of [[Looptroop]]) * [[Pugh Rogefeldt]], musician * [[Stefan Pettersson (footballer)|Stefan Pettersson]], football player * [[Tomas Tranströmer]], poet * [[Tommy Salo]], ice hockey player * [[Åsa Svensson]], tennis player {{Div col end}} ==Travel== *[[Västerås Central Station]] *[[Stockholm-Västerås Airport]] == Tempo ogé == * [[Power Big Meet]] * [[Bandy World Championship 2009]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{commons category|Västerås}} * [http://www.vasteras.se Västerås Official website] * [http://www.vasterasportalen.se Local portal for Västerås, articles, pictures etc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812120651/http://www.vasterasportalen.se/ |date=2020-08-12 }} * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15592b.htm Westeraas, Ancient See of] - Article in the [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] * [http://remains.se/picturem.php?ObjectID=2&Browse=AREA Pictures from Anundshög, Västerås, Sweden; www.remains.se ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928201606/http://remains.se/picturem.php?ObjectID=2&Browse=AREA |date=2007-09-28 }} {{Localities in Västerås Municipality}} {{Västmanland County}} {{Swedish Seats}} {{30 most populous cities of Sweden}} {{50 most populous urban settlements of Scandinavia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vasteras}} [[Kategori:Västerås| ]] [[Kategori:Puseur munisipalitas di County Västmanland]] [[Kategori:Patempatan gegek di County Västmanland]] [[Kategori:Puseur munisipalitas di Swédia]] hribc4cbybk88xrzwbj5q2r3m9x355k Seoul 0 42988 729289 713008 2026-09-26T23:04:37Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729289 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{{Other use}}--> {{Infobox settlement |name = {{raise|0.1em|Seoul}} |native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|서울시}}}} |native_name_lang = ko |official_name = Kota Istiméwa Seoul<br />{{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|서울특별시}}}} |Name = 서울특별시 |settlement_type = [[Kota Istiméwa di Koréa Kidul|Kota Istiméwa]] |total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |motto = |year = 18 BCE |translit_lang1 = &nbsp; |translit_lang1_type1 = [[Hangul]] |translit_lang1_info1 = {{linktext|서울}}{{linktext|특|별|시}} |translit_lang1_type2 = [[Hanja]] |translit_lang1_info2 = {{linktext|서|울|特|別|市}} |translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|[[Romanisasi nu Dirévisi]]}} |translit_lang1_info3 = {{nowrap|Seoul Teukbyeolsi}} |translit_lang1_type4 = {{nowrap|[[McCune–Reischauer]]}} |translit_lang1_info4 = {{nowrap|Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi}} |image_skyline = Seoul_Montage_2014.jpg{{!}}border |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = <!--Sawangan di Seoul (saarah jeung jarum jam ti luhur): Gapura [[Gwanghwamun]] di Karaton [[Gyeongbokgung]]; arca Laksamana [[Yi Sun-sin]]; arca [[Paringetan Perang Koréa]]; kendi panyimpen dahareun di Karaton Gyeonbokgung; Kuil [[Jongmyo]]; [[Katedral Myeongdong]]; arca Raja [[Sejong nu Agung]]; jeung (tengah) [[Munara Seoul N]].--> |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = Logo of Seoul, South Korea.svg |blank_emblem_type = Seal of Seoul |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = South Korea-Seoul.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Peta Koréa Kidul kalayan Seoul nu disorot |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = |pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_region = KR |subdivision_type = Nagara |subdivision_name = {{flag|Koréa Kidul}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Wewengkon di Koréa|Wewengkon]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Wewengkon Ibukota Nasional Seoul]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = Distrik |parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--> |parts = 25<!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |p1 = [[Distrik Dobong]] |p2 = [[Distrik Dongdaémun]] |p3 = [[Distrik Dongjak]] |p4 = [[Distrik Eunpyeong]] |p5 = [[Distrik Gangbuk]] |p6 = [[Distrik Gangdong]] |p7 = [[Distrik Gangnam]] |p8 = [[Distrik Gangseo, Seoul|Distrik Gangseo]] |p9 = [[Distrik Geumcheon]] |p10 = [[Distrik Guro]] |p11 = [[Distrik Gwanak]] |p12 = [[Distrik Gwangjin]] |p13 = [[Distrik Jongno]] |p14 = [[Distrik Jung, Seoul|Distrik Jung]] |p15 = [[Distrik Jungnang]] |p16 = [[Distrik Mapo]] |p17 = [[Distrik Nowon]] |p18 = [[Distrik Seocho]] |p19 = [[Distrik Seodaémun]] |p20 = [[Distrik Seongbuk]] |p21 = [[Seongdong District]] |p22 = [[Distrik Songpa]] |p23 = [[Distrik Yangcheon]] |p24 = [[Distrik Yeongdeungpo]] |p25 = [[Distrik Yongsan]] |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[Pamaréntahan Métropolitan Seoul]]<br />[[Pamaréntahan Déwan-Walikota|Déwan-Walikota]] |leader_party = {{Small|[[Aliansi Pulitik Anyar keur Démokrasi|NPAD]]}} |leader_title = Walikota |leader_name = [[Park Won-soon]] |leader_title1 = Déwan |leader_name1 = Déwan Métropolitan Seoul |leader_title2 = Perwakilan National<br />&nbsp;-&nbsp;[[Majlis Nasional Koréa Kidul|Majlis Nasional]] |leader_name2 = {{Composition bar|48|300}} 16.0% (total korsi)<br />{{Composition bar|48|246}}19.5% (constituency seats)<br />{{Collapsible list |title = <!-- Romanization as found on http://www.assembly.go.kr --> |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1 =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Dobong|Dobong]]<br />[[In Jae Keun]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |2 =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Dobong|Dobong]]<br />[[Yoo Ihn-tae]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |3 =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Dongdaémun|Dongdaémun]]<br />[[Ahn Gyu Baek]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |4 =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Dongdaémun|Dongdaémun]]<br />[[Min Byung Doo]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |5 =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Dongjak|Dongjak]]<br />[[Jun Byung-Hun]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |6 =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Dongjak|Dongjak]]<br />[[Chung Mong-Joon|Chung Mong Joon]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |7 =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Eunpyeong|Eunpyeong]]<br />[[Lee Mi Kyung]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |8 =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Eunpyeong|Eunpyeong]]<br />[[Lee Jae Oh]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |9 =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Gangbuk|Gangbuk]]<br />[[Oh Young-Sik]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |10 =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Gangbuk|Gangbuk]]<br />[[You Dae Woon]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |11 =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Gangdong|Gangdong]]<br />[[Shin Dong-Woo]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |12 =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Gangdong|Gangdong]]<br />[[Shim Jae Kwon]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |13 =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Gangnam|Gangnam]]<br />[[Shim Yoon Joe]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |14 =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Gangnam|Gangnam]]<br />[[Kim Jong Hoon]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |15 =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Gangseo, Seoul|Gangseo]]<br />[[Shin Ki-Nam]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |16 =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Gangseo, Seoul|Gangseo]]<br />[[Kim Sung Tae]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |17 =Distrik [[Distrik Geumcheon|Geumcheon]]<br />[[Rhee Mok Hee]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |18 =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Guro|Guro]]<br />[[Lee In-Young]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |19 =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Guro|Guro]]<br />[[Park Young-Sun]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |20 =[[Gwanak District|Gwanak]] 1st district<br />[[Yoo Ki Hong]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |21 =[[Gwanak District|Gwanak]] 2nd district<br />[[Lee Sang Kyu]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|UPP]]) |22 =[[Gwangjin District|Gwangjin]] 1st district<br />[[Kim Han Gil]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |23 =[[Gwangjin District|Gwangjin]] 2nd district<br />[[Choo Mi Ae]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |24 =[[Jongno District|Jongno]] district<br />[[Chung Sye-Kyun]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |25 =[[Jung District, Seoul|Jung]] district<br />[[Chyung Hojoon]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |26 =[[Jungnang District|Jungnang]]<br />[[Seo Young Kyo]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |27 =[[Jungnang District|Jungnang]] 2nd district<br />[[Park Hong Keun]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |28 =[[Mapo District|Mapo]] 1st district<br />[[Noh Woong Rae]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |29 =[[Mapo District|Mapo]] 2nd district<br />[[Jung Cheong Rae]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |30 =[[Nowon District|Nowon]] 1st district<br />[[Lee No Keun]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |31 =[[Nowon District|Nowon]] 2nd district<br />[[Woo Won-Shik]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |32 =[[Nowon District|Nowon]] 3rd district<br />[[Roh Hoe Chan]]<br />([[Partéy Progrésif Ngahiji|UPP]]) |33 =[[Seocho District|Seocho]] 1st district<br />[[Kim Hoe Sun]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |34 =[[Seocho District|Seocho]] 2nd district<br />[[Kang Seoghoon]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |35 =[[Seodaemun District|Seodaemun]] 1st district<br />[[Woo Sang Ho]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |36 =[[Seodaemun District|Seodaemun]] 2nd district<br />[[Chung Doo-un|Chung Doo-Un]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |37 =[[Seongbuk District|Seongbuk]] 1st district<br />[[You Seung-Hee]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |38 =[[Seongbuk District|Seongbuk]] 2nd district<br />[[Shin Geh-Ryoon]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |39 =[[Seongdong District|Seongdong]] 1st district<br />[[Choi Jae Cheon]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |40 =[[Seongdong District|Seongdong]] 2nd district<br />[[Hong Ihk Pyo]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |41 =[[Songpa District|Songpa]] 1st district<br />[[Park In-Sook]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |42 =[[Songpa District|Songpa]] 2nd district<br />[[Yoo Il Ho]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |43 =[[Songpa District|Songpa]] 3rd district<br />[[Kim Eul Dong]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |44 =[[Yangcheon District|Yangcheon]] 1st district<br />[[Kil Jeong Woo]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |45 =[[Yangcheon District|Yangcheon]] 2nd district<br />[[Kim Yongtae]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) |46 =[[Yeongdeungpo District|Yeongdeungpo]] 1st district<br />[[Kim Young Joo]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|DUP]]) |47 =[[Yeongdeungpo District|Yeongdeungpo]] 2nd district<br />[[Shin Kyoung Min]]<br />([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]]) |48 =[[Yongsan District|Yongsan]] district<br />[[Chin Young]]<br />([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]]) }} |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date1 = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for = |area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--> |area_footnotes = <ref name="seoul1"/> |area_total_km2 = 605.21 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_min_m = |population_as_of = 31 Oktober 2014<ref name="Population estimate">http://rcps.egov.go.kr:8081/ageStat.do?command=month {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129035927/http://rcps.egov.go.kr:8081/ageStat.do?command=month |date=2014-11-29 }}</ref> |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 10,117,909 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_metro = 25,620,000 |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_blank1_title= [[Démonim]] |population_blank1 = 서울 사람 (Seoul saram), 서울시민 (Seoul-simin), Seoulite |population_blank2_title= Lentong |population_blank2 = [[Lentong Seoul|Seoul]] |population_density_blank1_km2 = |blank_name_sec2 = GDP |blank_info_sec2 = [[American Dollar|US$]] 845.9&nbsp;billion <ref name="brookingsgdp">{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|title=Global city GDP 2014|publisher=Brookings Institution|accessdate=18 November 2014}}</ref> |blank1_name_sec2 = GDP per kapita |blank1_info_sec2 = US$ 34,355 <ref name="brookingsgdp" /> |timezone = UTC +09:00 (Korean Time) |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = | coor_pinpoint = <!-- can be used to specify exactly where/what the coordinates refer to --> |latd=37 |latm=34 |latNS=N |longd=126 |longm=58 |longEW=E |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |twin1 = |twin1_country = |twin2 = |twin2_country = |twin3 = |twin3_country = |twin4 = |twin4_country = |twin5 = |twin5_country = |twin6 = |twin6_country = |twin7 = |twin7_country = |blank_name = Manuk |blank_info = [[Korean Magpie]] |blank1_name = Kelir |blank1_info = Seoul Red<ref name="Seoul Metropolitan Government">{{cite web|title=Color|url=http://www.seoul.go.kr/v2012/seoul/symbol/color.html}}</ref> |blank2_name = Kembang |blank2_info = [[Forsythia]] |blank3_name = Aksara |blank3_info = Aksara Seoul ([[Han River (Korea)|Han River]] jeung [[Namsan (Seoul)|Namsan]]) |blank4_name = Maskot |blank4_info = Haéchi |blank5_name = Slogan |blank5_info = “함께 만드는 서울, 함께 누리는 서울” (Literally "Seoul We Create Together, Seoul We Enjoy Together") |blank6_name = Lagu |blank6_info = "서울의 빛" ("Cahya Seoul") |blank7_name = Tangkal |blank7_info = [[Ginkgo biloba|Ginkgo]] |website = [http://english.seoul.go.kr/ seoul.go.kr] |footnotes = }} '''Séoul''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|s|oʊ|l}}; {{IPA-ko|sʰʌ.ul|lang|ko-Seoul.ogg}})<!--please do not repeat info already in infobox, e.g. Korean: 서울특별시-->&nbsp;– resmina '''Kota Istiméwa Séoul'''&nbsp; – mangrupa ibu kota tur [[métropolis]] panggedéna di [[Koréa Kidul]], nu mangrupa jajantung [[Wewengkon Ibukota Seoul]], kaasup sabudeureun métropolis [[Incheon]] jeung propinsi [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi]], [[Daptar wewengkon métropolitan dumasar populasi|wewengkon métropolitan kadua panggedéna]] sadunya kalayan 25.6&nbsp;yuta urang pangeusi.<ref>http://www.moj.go.kr/HP/COM/bbs_03/ShowData.do?strNbodCd=noti0097&strWrtNo=167&strAnsNo=A&strFilePath=moj/&strRtnURL=MOJ_40402000&strOrgGbnCd=104000</ref> mangrupa tempat leuwih ti satengahna pangeusi Koréa Kidul kaasup 678,102 warga internasional.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A |title=국가통계포털 |publisher=Kosis.kr |date= |accessdate=2013-08-07 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826055149/http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A |date=2013-08-26 }}</ref> Kalayan pangeusi leuwih ti 10 yuta, ieu [[kota gedé]] mangrupa [[List of cities proper by population|largest city proper]] di [[OECD]]. Perenahna di [[Walungan Han (Koréa)|Walungan Han]], sajarah Séoul ti mangsa ka tukang kacida panjangna leuwih ti dua rébu taun ti saprak diadegkeun taun 18 SM ku [[Baékjaé]], salah sahiji tina [[Tilu Karajaan di Koréa]]. Séoul masih tumuluy jadi ibu kota [[Koréa]] nalika [[Dinasti Joseon]]. [[Wewengkon Ibu kota Seoul]] ngawengku lima [[Loka Warisan Dunya UNESCO]]: [[Changdeokgung|Karato Changdeok]], [[Bénténg Hwaseong]], [[Jongmyo|Kuil Jongmyo]], [[Namhansanseong]] katut [[Makam Karajaan Dinasti Joseon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/kr|title=Lists: Republic of Korea |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> Séoul dikurilingan ku pagunungan, nu pangluhurna mah [[Bukhansan|Gunung Bukhan]], taman nasional nu panglobana didatangan per suku pasagina.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264309 |title=Bukhansan National Park (북한산국립공원) |publisher=English.visitkorea.or.kr |date= |accessdate=2013-08-07 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928122447/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264309 |date=2013-09-28 }}</ref> Cicirén modéren di antarana [[Munara Seoul N]], [[Wangunan 63]] kelir emas, [[Dongdaemun Design Plaza & Park|Dongdaemun Design Plaza]] nu ''neofuturiskik'', [[Lotte World]], taman jejeran jero rohangan panggedéna kadua sadunya,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viator.com/Seoul-attractions/Lotte-World/d973-a4955 |title=Lotte World – Seoul Attractions |publisher=Viator.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-07}}</ref> [[Moonlight Rainbow Fountain]], cai mancer sasak pangpanjangna sadunya<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/6000/longest-bridge-fountain |title=Longest bridge fountain |publisher=Guinnessworldrecords.com |date=2008-01-01 |accessdate=2013-08-07}}</ref> katut [[Some Sevit|Pulo Ngambang Sevit]]. Minangka tempat lahirna [[K-pop]] katut [[Korean Wave]], Séoul narima leuwih ti 12 yuta turis internasional dina taun 2013,<ref>[http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS7/WWSDS7100.jsp?stc_cd=409&lang=eng Seoul Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927051259/http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS7/WWSDS7100.jsp?stc_cd=409&lang=eng |date=2013-09-27 }}</ref> ngajadikeun Séoul minangka [[Pelesir#Indéks Kota Tujuan Global MasterCard|kota ka-10 panglobana didatangan]] sadunya katut ka-6 pangngahasilkeunana dina hal pelesir.<ref>[http://newsroom.mastercard.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Mastercard_GDCI_2014_Letter_Final_70814.pdf MasterCard-Global Destination Cities index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916112828/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Mastercard_GDCI_2014_Letter_Final_70814.pdf |date=2018-09-16 }}</ref> Kiwari, Séoul dianggap minangka hiji [[kota global]] nu pinunjul tur ngaronjat, nu dihasilkeun tina hasil ekonomi nu disebut [[Kaahéngan Walungan Han]] nu ngarobah tina karuksakan [[Perang Koréa]] jadi [[Daptar kota dumasar kana GDP|ékonomi métropolitan panggedéna ka-4]] kalayan [[GDP]] US$774 miliar<ref>At [[purchasing power parity]], see [[List of cities by GDP]].</ref> dina taun 2012 sanggeus [[Tokyo]], [[Kota New York]] katut [[Los Angeles]]. Puseur téhnologi dunya nu pinunjul di [[Gangnam (3 Distrik)|Gangnam]] katut [[Kota Média Digital]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/technology/tech-capitals-of-the-world/2007/06/16/1181414598292.html |title=Tech capitals of the world – Technology |publisher=theage.com.au |date=2009-06-15 |accessdate=2013-08-07 |location=Melbourne}}</ref> Wewengkon Ibu kota Séoul bisa ngagulkeun 15<ref>http://fortune.com/global500/samsung-electronics-13/</ref> pausahaan [[Fortune Global 500]] saperti [[Samsung]], [[Daptar pausahaan téhnologi panggedéna|pausahaan téhnologi panggedéna]] sadunya, katambah ku [[LG]] jeung [[Grup Otomotif Hyundai Kia|Hyundai-Kia]]. Dina taun 2013, [[Daptar wewengkon di Koréa Kidul dumasar GDP|GDP per kapita (PPP)]] ieu kota nu $39,448 bisa dibandingken jeung [[Perancis]] katut [[Finlandia]]. Réngking kagenep dina [[Kota global|Indéks Kota Daya Global]] sarta kagenep dina [[Indéks Puseur Finansial Global]], ieu métropolis ngadorong pangaruh nu gedé dina urusan global minangka salah sahiji tina lima [[Uni Asosiasi Internasional|tuan rumah konférénsi global]] nu pinunjul.<ref>http://www.uia.be/sites/uia.be/files/documents/statistics/press/press12.pdf</ref> Séoul meunang réngking katujuh dina [[Sustainable Cities Index]], pangluhurna di Asia tur réngking kadua sadunya dina kategori sosial. Ogé mangrupa tuan rumah pembukaan seni panglobana sadunya per mil pasagina.<ref name="travel.cnn.com">http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/life/50-reasons-why-seoul-worlds-greatest-city-534720 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022092637/http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/life/50-reasons-why-seoul-worlds-greatest-city-534720 |date=2014-10-22 }}</ref> Séoul mangrupa kota pangkahubungkeunana ku kabel sadunya<ref name="travel.cnn.com"/> tur réngking kahiji dina kasiapan téhnologi dumasar kana laporan ''Kota Kasempetan'' [[PwC]].<ref>http://www.pwc.com/us/en/cities-of-opportunity/2014/assets/cities-of-opportunity-2014.pdf</ref> Infrastruktur transportasi publikna mangrupa nu pangpadetna sadunya<ref>http://www.thecrystal.org/assets/download/120724_GCI_SummaryReport_final2.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418083359/http://www.thecrystal.org/assets/download/120724_GCI_SummaryReport_final2.pdf |date=2015-04-18 }}</ref> tur karéngking minangka nu panghadéna di [[Beulahan Bumi Kalér]] dina [[Sustainable Cities Index]].<ref>http://www.sustainablecitiesindex.com/wp-content/uploads/Sustainable-Cities-Index-2015-Press-Release.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212115804/http://www.sustainablecitiesindex.com/wp-content/uploads/Sustainable-Cities-Index-2015-Press-Release.pdf |date=2015-02-12 }}</ref> Dirojong ku [[karéta gancang]] [[Korea Train Express|KTX]] katut [[Subway Seoul]], jajaring [[Rapid transit|subway]] panggedé sadunya,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/features/featurethe-worlds-longest-metro-and-subway-systems-4144725 |title=The world's longest metro and subway systems |publisher=Railway-technology.com |accessdate=2014-02-20}}</ref> nyayagakeun [[4G LTE]], [[WiFi]] katut [[Digital Multimedia Broadcasting|DMB]] dina kandaraan handapeun lemah. Séoul kahubung ku [[AREX]] ka [[Bandara Internasional Incheon]], nu meunang pangajén minangka [[Airports Council International|bandara panghadéna salila salapan taun patuturut (2005–2013)]] sadunya ti [[Airports Council International]].<ref>http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140527001084 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402204636/http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140527001084 |date=2019-04-02 }}</ref> [[Lotte World Tower]], [[pemcakar langit]] ''[[supertall]]'' 556m (1,824&nbsp;ft) kalayan 123 lantéy, diwangun di Séoul nu jadi pangluhurna dina [[OECD]] taun 2015 kalayan galadak observasi katut galeri seni pangluhurna sadunya.<ref name=CTBUH>{{cite web|url=http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=building&building_id=88|title=Lotte World Premium Tower|publisher=''[[CTBUH]]''|accessdate=10 April 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725213730/http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=building&building_id=88 |date=25 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>http://www.lwt.co.kr/introduce/tour/tour.do {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016191654/http://www.lwt.co.kr/introduce/tour/tour.do |date=2014-10-16 }}</ref> Its [[Lotte Cinema]] houses the world's largest cinema screen.<ref name="guinnessworldrecords.com">http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-4000/largest-permanent-35mm-cinema-screen/</ref>[[COEX Mall]] Séoul mangrupa mall pangbalanjaan panggedéna di sahandapeun lemah.<ref>http://www.newsis.com/ar_detail/view.html?ar_id=NISX20141201_0013328698&cID=10402&pID=10400</ref> [[Emporis]] nyababkeun ''skyline'' Séoul meunang réngking minangka pangaruh visual pangluhurna kaopat sadunya di antara kota-kota gedé.<ref>http://www.emporis.com/statistics/skyline-ranking {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106210644/http://www.emporis.com/statistics/skyline-ranking |date=2012-11-06 }}</ref> Séoul jadi tuan rumah [[Asian Games 1986]], [[Olimpiade Usum Panas 1988]], [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2002]] jeung [[KTT Seoul G-20 2010]]. [[Jaringan Kota Kréatif|Kota Disain UNESCO]], Séoul dingaranan [[Ibu kota Disain Dunia|Ibu kota Disain Dunia 2010]]. ==Étimologi== {{main|Ngaran Seoul}} Ieu kota geus kasohor ti jaman baheula kalayan ngaran [[Wiryéseong|Wiryé-seong]] (위례성/{{lang|ko|慰禮城}}, nalika jaman [[Baékjé]]), [[Hanju]] (한주/{{lang|ko|漢州}}, nalika jaman [[Silla]]), [[Namgyeong]] (남경/{{lang|ko|南京}}, nalika jaman [[Goryeo]]), [[Hanseong]] (한성/{{lang|ko|漢城}}, nalika jaman [[Baékjé]] jeung jaman [[Dinasti Joseon|Joseon]]), [[Hanyang]] (한양/{{lang|ko|漢陽}}, nalika jaman [[Dinasti Joseon|Joseon]]), Gyéongséong (경성/{{lang|ko|京城}}, nalika [[Koréa nalika dijajah Jepang|jaman penjajahan]]).<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/534948/Seoul |title=Seoul |year=2009 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=6 September 2009|quote=The city was popularly called Seoul in Korean during both the [[Chosŏn]] (Yi) dynasty (1392–1910) and the period of Japanese rule (1910–45), although the official names in those periods were [[Hansŏng]] (Hanseong) and [[Kyŏngsŏng]] (Gyeongseong), respectively.}}</ref> Ngaran nu kiwari mah asalna tina kecap [[basa Koréa]] nu hartina "ibu kota," nu dipercaya diturunkeun tina kecap ''Seorabeol'' (서라벌/{{lang|ko|徐羅伐}}), nu asalna nujul kana [[Gyeongju]], ibu kota [[Silla]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-221948-seoul_history-i |title=yahoo |publisher=Uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107185557/http://uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-221948-seoul_history-i |date=2007-01-07 }}</ref> Séoul boga loba ngaran tangtu aya alesanana. Nalika dijajah ku Jepang, "Hanseong" (漢城) diganti ngaran ku "Gyeongseong" (京城) sangkan teu patukeur jeung karakter "{{lang|ko|{{linktext|漢}}}}" sabab nujul ogé ka urang China. Dina kanyataanana mah, ngaran kuna Séoul, Hanséong {{lang|ko|{{linktext|漢}}}} asalna boga harti "Gedé" atawa "Lega". Pamaréntah Jepang mutuskeun pikeun nganti ieu karakter ti {{lang|ko|{{linktext|漢}}}} jadi {{lang|ko|{{linktext|京}}}} sangkan rahayat henteu saralah nganggap yén Séoul boga hubungan jeung urang China. Henteu kawas lolobana ngaran tempat di Koréa, "Seoul" mah henteu boga [[hanja]] ([[karakter China]] nu dipaké dina [[basa Koréa]]). Dina tanggal 18 Januari 2005, pamaréntah Séoul sacara resmi ngaganti ngaran basa China resmina ku ''Shou'er'' ({{zh|s=首尔|t=首爾|p=shǒu'ěr}}) tina Hancheng ({{zh|t=漢城|s=汉城|p=hànchéng}}), nu tuluy jadi henteu pati ilahar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=104&oid=022&aid=0000126138 |script-title=ko:서울특별시표기 ''首爾''로...중국, 곧 정식 사용키로 :: 네이버 뉴스 |language= ko |publisher=News.naver.com |date=2005-10-23 |accessdate=2012-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-01/20/content_410881.htm |title='Seoul' morphs into Chinese 'Shouer' |publisher=Chinadaily.com.cn |date=2005-01-20 |accessdate=2012-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://goodcharacters.com/newsletters/summer2006-seoul-korea.html |title=goodcharacters.com |publisher=goodcharacters.com }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930195048/http://goodcharacters.com/newsletters/summer2006-seoul-korea.html |date=2018-09-30 }}</ref> ==Sajarah== {{Main|Sajarah Seoul}} {{see also|Gurat wanci Seoul}} [[File:Donggwol-do.jpg|left|thumb|300px|''[[Donggwoldo]]'', lukisan pemandangan Changdeokgung]] Pakampungan di wewengkon [[Walungan Han (Koréa)|Walungan Han]], tempat perenahna Séoul kiwari, geus mimiti ditempatan ti kira-kira taun 4000 SM.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/534948/Seoul/24023/Cultural-life#toc24024|title=Seoul|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2014-02-07}}</ref> Séoul munggaran kacatet minangka Wiryeséong, ibu kota [[Baékjé]] (ngadeg taun 18 SM) di béh kalér wétan wewengkon Séoul.<ref name="Britannica" /> Aya sababaraha pinding dayeuh nu nyésa di ieu wewengkon nu nuduhkeun tanggal harita. [[Pungnaptoseong]], pinding béh wétan di saluareun Séoul, dipercaya ku balaréa minangka loka Wiryeéséong utama.<ref name="toseong">{{cite web|url=http://m.visitseoul.net/en/m/article/article.do?_method=view&m&p=02&menu=0004003002017&art_id=535&searchLoca&searchTheme=0002000001003&flag&searchType|title=Pungnap-toseong (Earthen Ramparts)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=2014-02-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222005911/http://m.visitseoul.net/en/m/article/article.do?_method=view&m&p=02&menu=0004003002017&art_id=535&searchLoca&searchTheme=0002000001003&flag&searchType |date=2014-02-22 }}</ref> Alatan Tilu Karajaan marebutkeun wewengkon nu stratégis ieu, kadali pindah ti Baékjé ka [[Goguryeo]] dina abad ka-5, sarta ti Goguryéo ka [[Silla]] dina abad ka-6. Dina abad ka-11 [[Goryeo]], nu ngaganti [[Silla Ngahiji]], ngawangun hiji karaton usum panas di Séoul, nu dianggap "Ibu kota Kidul". Ti saprak harita, Séoul jadi hiji panganjrekan nu beuki leuwih lega.<ref name="Britannica" /> Nalika [[Joseon]] ngaganti Goryéo, ieu ibu kota pindah ka Séoul (katelah ogé Hanyang sarta satuluyna Hanséong), nu tumuluy nepi ka runtagna ieu dinasti. [[Gyeongbokgung|Karaton Gyeongbok]], nu diwangun dina abad ka-14, dipidangkeun minangka panyicingan karajaan tepi ka taun 1592. Karaton gedé lianna, [[Changdeokgung]], diwangun taun 1405, dipidangkeun minangka karaton karajaan utama ti taun 1611 tepi ka 1872.<ref name="Britannica" /> Tadina mah ieu kota téh sagemblengna dikurilingan ku [[Pinding bénténg Seoul|pinding batu]] pikeun ngamankeun wargana tina sato galak, nu maling katut serangan ti luar. Ieu kota tuluy tuwuh ka saluareun éta pinding tur sok sanajan pindingna geus euweuh ogé (kajaba di sapanjang Gunung Bugaksan (북악산), di béh kalér wewengkon puseur dayeuh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=1061818|title=Bugaksan Mountain|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222062015/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=1061818 |date=2014-02-22 }}</ref>), gapurana mah nyésa kénéh di deukeuteun tengah kota Séoul, kaasup Sungnyémun (ilaharna kasohor minangka [[Namdaémun]]) katut Honginjimun (ilaharna kasohor minangka [[Dongdaémun]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5781/|title=Seoul City Wall|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|accessdate=2014-02-07}}</ref> Salila dinasti Joséon, ieu gapura dibuka jeung ditutup unggal poé, dibarengan ku sora loncéng gedé di [[Munara loncéng (arsitéktur)|munara]] [[Bosingak]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264135|title=Bosingak Belfry|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222062012/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264135 |date=2014-02-22 }}</ref> Dina abad ka-19 ahir, sanggeus ratusan taun kaisolasi, Séoul muka gapurana keur urang deungeun tur mimiti dimodérenkeun. Séoul jadi dayeuh munggaran di Asia Wétan nu ngawanohkeun listrik di karaton karajaan, diwangun ku [[Edison Illuminating Company]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/images/8/85/Nam-Early_History.pdf|title=Early History of Electrical Engineering in Korea: Edison and First Electric Lighting in the Kingdom of Corea|author=Nam Moon Hyon|work=Promoting the History of EE Jan 23–26, 2000|publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|accessdate=2014-02-07}}</ref> tur sapuluh taun sanggeusna Séoul nerapkeun ogé lampu jalan.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.hu/books?id=cbRhAQAAQBAJ|title=A History of Korea|author=Kyung Moon Hwang|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|page=142|year=2010|isbn=9780230364523}}</ref> lolobana kamekaran Séoul nyaéta alatan perdagangan jeung nagara deungeun kayaning [[Perancis]] katut [[Amérika Sarikat]]. Contona baé, [[Seoul Electric Company]], Séoul Electric Trolley Company, and Séoul Fresh Spring Water Company kabéhanana mangrupa pausahaan nu dipiboga babarengan ku Koréa katut Amérika.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.hu/books?id=3h080YYhS3QC|title=Korea under Siege, 1876–1945 : Capital Formation and Economic Transformation|author=Young-Iob Chung|page=70|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780198039662}}</ref> Dina taun 1904, salah saurang urang Amérika nu ngaranna Angus Hamilton ngadatangan ieu dayeuh tur nyarita, "Jalan di Seoul mah haradé, lalega, bareresih, pikatajieun tur saluran caina ogé ogé hadé. Lajur nu hareureut jeung kotor geus dilegaan, solokanana geus ditutup, atuh jalan rayana ogé geus dilalegaan. Seoul téh geus kairong bakal jadi dayeuh panghadéna, pangpikatajieun, jeung pangberesihna di wewengkon Wétan."<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.hu/books?id=LR8svgdNOAYC&pg=PT123&lpg=PT123&dq=The+streets+of+Seoul+are+magnificent,+spacious,+clean,+admirably+made+and+well-drained&source=bl&ots=RK26xBMz3b&sig=TTDRAs3pIqejESGp1T2J1QoS-84&hl=hu&sa=X&ei=ob70UpPxNMOihgfyr4HACg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=The%20streets%20of%20Seoul%20are%20magnificent%2C%20spacious%2C%20clean%2C%20admirably%20made%20and%20well-drained&f=false|author=[[Bruce Cumings]]|title=Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=2005|isbn=9780393347531}}</ref> Sanggeus [[Perjangjuan Anéksasi Jepang-Koréa|perjangjian anéksasi]] dina taun 1910, [[Kakaisaran Jepang]] ngajajah Koréa sarta ngaganti ngarang ieu dayeuh jadi [[Gyeongseong]] ("Kyongsong" dina basa Cina atawa "Kéijo" dina basa Jepang). Téhnologi Jepang diimpor, pinding dayeuh dipiceun, sababaraha gapura diancurkeun. Jalan diubinan sarta wangunan gaya Kulon diwangun. Ieu dayeuh diliberalisasi dina mangsa ahir [[Perang Dunya II]].<ref name="Britannica" /> Dina taun 1945 mah ieu dayeuh téh resmi dingarangan Séoul tur diputuskeun minangka [[Kota istiméwa di Koréa Kidul|kota istiméwa]] taun 1949.<ref name="Britannica" /> Salila [[Perang Koréa]], sababaraha kali Séoul pundah-pindah leungeun antara angkatan bersenjata Koréa Kalér nu dibéking ku Rusia/Cina, jeung Koréa Kidul nu dibéking ku Amérika Sarikat, nu nyababkeun ieu dayeuh ruksak parna sanggeusna perang. Ibu kota sawatara waktu mah dipindahkeun heula ka [[Busan]].<ref name="Britannica" /> Ceuk salah sahiji perkiraan ngeunaan kaayaan ruksakna Séoul mah, sahanteuna 191.000 wangunan, 55.000 imah, katut 1.000 pabrik rata jeung taneuh. Katambah deui, banjir pangungsi geus asup ka Seul nalika perang, nyababkeun kamekaran jumlah pangeusi ieu dayeuh katut wewengkon mtropolitanana nepikeun ka kurang leuwih 1.5 yuta jiwa taun 1955.<ref name="hamnett">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.hu/books?id=8GSpAgAAQBAJ|title=Planning Asian Cities: Risks and Resilience|page=159|publisher=Routledge|year= 2012|editor=Stephen Hamnett, Dean Forbes|isbn= 9781136639272}}</ref> Sanggeusna perang, Séoul mimiti fokus kana ngarékonstruksi jeung ngamodérnisasi. Alatan [[Kaajaiban Walungan Han|ékonomi Koréa mimiti tuwuh kacida rongkahna]] ti saprak taun 1960-an, urbanisasi ogé beuki gancang sarta para pagawé mimiti narempatan Séoul katut dayeuh gedéliana.<ref name="hamnett" /> Ti taun 1970-an, ukuran wewengkon administratif Séoul beuki ngalegaan pisan alatan nyokot sababaraha kota leutik katut désa ti sababaraha county sabudeureunana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spp.seoul.go.kr/cms/board/Download.jsp?fileId=IUAjJDMyMTY1LS0kJA==|title=Urban Planning of Seoul|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|format=PDF|year=2009|accessdate=2014-02-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125042517/http://spp.seoul.go.kr/cms/board/Download.jsp?fileId=IUAjJDMyMTY1LS0kJA== |date=2016-01-25 }}</ref> Dumasar kana data sénsus taun 2012, populasi wewengkon Séoul geus kira-kira 20% tina total populasi Koréa Kidul,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.korea.net/AboutKorea/Korea-at-a-Glance/Facts-about-Korea|title=Facts about Korea|publisher=Korea.net|accessdate=2014-02-07}}</ref> Séoul geus ngajadi puseurna ékonomi, pulitik katut budaya di ieu nagara,<ref name="Britannica" /> kalayan sababaraha pausahaan [[Fortune 500]], kaasup [[Samsung]], [[SK Holdings]], [[Hyundai]], [[POSCO]] katut [[LG Group]] nu kantor puseurna di dinya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/countries/SouthKorea.html|title=GLOBAL 500|publisher=CNN Money|accessdate=2014-02-07|date=2012-07-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023118/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/countries/SouthKorea.html |date=2014-04-10 }}</ref> Séoul jadi tuan rumah [[Asian Games 1986]] jeung [[Olimpiade Usum Panas 1988]] sajaba ti mangrupa salah sahiji tempat [[Piala Dunya FIFA 2002|Piala Dunya Maén Bal 2002]]. ==Géografi== [[File:Hangang Railway Bridge.jpg|left|thumbnail|[[Walungan Han (Koréa)|Walungan Han]]]] Séoul perenahna di béh kalér kulon Koréa Kidul. Legana 605,25&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>,<ref name="seoul1">{{cite web|url=http://stat.seoul.go.kr/Seoul_System5.jsp?stc_cd=412|title=Seoul Statistics (Land Area)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=24 March 2010}}</ref> kalayan radius kurang leuwih {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=on}}, nu sacara gurat badag kabagi jadi wewengkon kalér jeung kidul nu dipisahkeun ku Walungan Han. Ieu walungan katut wewengkon sabudeureunana boga pancén nu kacida pentingna dina sajarah Koréa. Tilu Karajaan Koréa kacida merjuangkeun pikeun bisa ngadalikeun ieu lemah, sabab ieu walungan mangsa harita mah dipaké keur jalur dagang ka Cina (ngaliwatan [[Laut Konéng]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&art_id=10833&lang=en&m=0004003002015&p=03|title=Brief History of Hangang (River)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=2014-02-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612131834/http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&m=0004003002015&p=03&art_id=10833&lang=en |date=2010-06-12 }}</ref> Ieu walungan kiwari henteu bisa dipaké deui keur balayar alatan [[muhara]]na aya dina wates antara dua Koréa nu henteu beunang sagawayah jelema sipil bisa larsup. Ieu dayeuh diwatesan ku dalapan gunung, kaasup lemah pangluhurna dina daratan Walungan Han jeung wewengkon béh kulon. ===Iklim=== {{Main|Iklim Seoul}} {{climate chart | Seoul |- 6|2|21 |- 3|5|25 |2|10|47 |8|18|65 |13|23|106 |18|27|133 |22|29|395 |22|30|364 |17|26|169 |10|20|52 |3|12|53 |- 3|4|22 |float=right |clear=none |units=metric}} Séoul boga iklim transisional [[buana beueus]]/[[subtropis beueus|subtropis]] ([[klasifikasi iklim Köppen]] ''Dwa/Cwa''), kalayan karakteristik iklim di antara duanana. Salila bulan Nopémber–Méi, iklim Séoul leuwih deukuet kana iklim buana (kontinén) sedengkeun nalika usum panas mah, iklim di ditu kawas iklim subtropis nu ngandung unsur iklim baseuh/garing tropis. Usum panas mah ilaharna panas jeung beueus, dibarung ku [[angin muson Asia Wétan]] ti Juni tepi ka Séptémber. Sedengkeun kira-kira bulan Agustus mah, nu mangrupa bulan pangpanasna, boga suhu rata-rata {{convert|22.4|to|29.6|C|F|0}} malahan mah bisa jadi leuwih ti éta. Dina usum tiis mah mindeng kacida nyecep tepi ka bekuna kalayan suhu rata-rata dina bulan Januari tepikeun ka {{convert|-5.9|to|1.5|C|F|1}} sarta ilaharna leuwih garing ti batan nalika usum panas, kalayan rata-rata 28 poé saljuan unggal taunna. Kadang-kadang, hawa turun kacida dramatisna tepi ka sahandapeun {{convert|-10.0|C|F|}}, malah bisa nepikeun ka {{convert|-15.0|C|F|}} sanajan arang ogé, nyaéta nalika mangsa tengah usum tiis antara Januari jeung Pébruari. {{Seoul weatherbox}} ==Distrik administratif== {{Main|Daptar distrik di Seoul}} [[File:Flag of Seoul (1946–1996).svg|thumb|right|[[Bandéra]] Seoul (1947–1996)]] [[File:01-00-seoul-en.svg|thumb|400px|Distrik Seoul]] Séoul kabagi jadi 25 ''[[Babagian administratif Koréa Kidul#Gu (Distrik)|gu]]'' (구; {{linktext|區}}) (distrik).<ref name="Administrative Districts"/> ''Gu'' béda-béda legana (ti 10 tepi ka 47&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) katut populasina (ti leuwih saeutik ti 140,000 tepikeun ka 630,000). Songpa boga jumlah warga nu panglobana, sedengkeun Séocho mah wewengkonna panglegana. Pamaréntahan unggal gu nyekel loba fungsi nu dicekel ogé ku pamaréntahan kota di yurisdiksi lianna. Unggal ''gu'' kabagi jadi "''[[Dong (lingkungan)|dong]]''" (동; {{linktext|洞}}) atawa lingkungan. Sababaraha gu ukur boga saeutik dong sedengkeun lianna saperti Distrik Jongno mah jumlah lingkunganana kacida lobana. Gu di Séoul ngawengku 423 dong administratif (행정동).<ref name="Administrative Districts">{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=5 |title=Administrative Districts |publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government |accessdate=2014-02-08 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102212612/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=5 |date=2014-01-02 }}</ref> ''Dong'' kabagi deui jadi 13,787 ''tong'' (통; {{linktext|統}}), nu satuluyna kabagi deui jadi 102,796 ''ban''. {| |- | valign="top" | * [[Distrik Dobong]] (도봉구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|道|峰|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Dongdaémun]] (동대문구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|東|大|門|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Dongjak]] (동작구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|銅|雀|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Eunpyeong]] (은평구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|恩|平|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Gangbuk]] (강북구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|北|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Gangdong]] (강동구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|東|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Gangnam]] (강남구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|南|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Gangseo, Seoul|Distrik Gangseo]] (강서구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|西|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Geumcheon]] (금천구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|衿|川|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Guro, Seoul|Distrik Guro]] (구로구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|九|老|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Gwanak]] (관악구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|冠|岳|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Gwangjin]] (광진구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|廣|津|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Jongno]] (종로구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|鍾|路|區}}}}) | valign="top" | * [[Distrik Jung, Seoul|Distrik Jung]] (중구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|中|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Jungnang]] (중랑구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|中|浪|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Mapo]] (마포구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|麻|浦|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Nowon]] (노원구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|蘆|原|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Seocho]] (서초구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|瑞|草|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Seodaémun]] (서대문구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|西|大|門|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Seongbuk]] (성북구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|城|北|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Seongdong]] (성동구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|城|東|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Songpa]] (송파구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|松|坡|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Yangcheon]] (양천구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|陽|川|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Yeongdeungpo]] (영등포구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|永|登|浦|區}}}}) * [[Distrik Yongsan]] (용산구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|龍|山|區}}}}) |} ==Démografi== Proper Séoul kasohor ku [[kapadetan populasi]]na, nu ampir dua kalieun [[Kota New York|New York]] sarta dalapan kalieun [[Roma]]. Wewengkon métropolitanana mangrupa nu pangpadetna di Asia taun 2012 dumasar kana [[OECD]], tur kadua di dunya sanggeus [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite journal|year=2013|title=Regional population density: Asia and Oceania, 2012: Inhabitants per square kilometre, TL3 regions|journal=OECD Regions at a Glance 2013|publisher=OECD Publishing|doi=10.1787/reg_glance-2013-graph37-en|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-regions-at-a-glance-2013/regional-population-density-asia-and-oceania-2012_reg_glance-2013-graph37-en|accessdate=2014-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221234115/http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-regions-at-a-glance-2013/regional-population-density-asia-and-oceania-2012_reg_glance-2013-graph37-en|archive-date=2014-02-21}}</ref> Ampir sakabéhna warga Séoul nyaéta [[urang Koréa]], kalayan saeutik [[urang Cina]], [[urang Jepang]], katut minoritas [[ékspatriat]]. Dina bulan Désémber 2013, populasina 10.14 yuta,<ref name="chosunpop">{{cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/02/14/2014021400795.html|title=Seoul's Population Drops Below 10 Million for First Time in 25 Years|publisher=Chosun Ilbo|accessdate=2014-02-16|date=2014-02-14}}</ref> taun 2012, populasina 10,442,426.<ref name="seoul2">{{cite web|url=http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS00/outer_Seoul.jsp?stc_cd=1|title=Seoul Statistics (Population)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=3 March 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019064405/http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS00/outer_Seoul.jsp?stc_cd=1 |date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> Ahir Juni 2011, 10.29 yuta warga Républik Koréa cicing di ieu kota. Turun .24% dbandingkeun ahir 2010. Populasi Séoul terus turun ti awal 1990-an, sabab cicing di Séoul mah mahal, katambah ku ngolotanana populasi.<ref name="chosunpop" /> Jumlah urang asing nu nganjrek di Séoul nyaéta 255,501 urang dina taun 2010 dumasar kana sumber resmi Séoul.<ref>{{cite news |last=Park |first=Chung-a |title=Foreign population in Seoul continue to dwindle |publisher=Korea Times |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/07/113_66455.html }}</ref> Dina bulan Juni 2011, 281,780 urang deungeun nganjrek di Séoul. Di antara eta, 186,631 urang deungeun (66%) mangrupa warga [[urang Cina]] ti karuhun urang Koréa. Naek 8.84% ti ahir 2010 jeung 12.85% ti Juni 2010. Kelompok panggedéna deui nyaéta warga Cina nu lain suku Koréa; 29,901 di antarana cicing di Séoul. Kelompok panggedéna deui nyaéta 9,999 urang warga Amérika Sarikat nu lain turunan Koréa. Satuluyna nyaéta warga Républik Cina (Taiwan), 8,717 urang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2011/09/117_94610.html|title= Korean Chinese account for nearly 70% of foreigners in Seoul|publisher= ''[[The Korea Times]]''|date=September 11, 2011|accessdate=2014-02-11}}</ref> ===Ageman=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Ageman di Seoul (2005)<ref name="2005religionmap">[http://www.sisapress.com/news/photo/200610/41926_37953_1632.jpg 2005 Census – Religion Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904074206/http://www.sisapress.com/news/photo/200610/41926_37953_1632.jpg |date=2015-09-04 }}</ref> |label1 = Teu boga ageman |value1 = 46.2 |color1 = Gray |label2 = [[Protestan]] |value2 = 22.8 |color2 = DodgerBlue |label3 = [[Buda]] |value3 = 16.8 |color3 = Gold |label4 = [[Katolik]] |value4 = 14.2 |color4 = DarkOrchid }} Dua ageman utama di Séoul nyaéta [[Kristen di Koréa|Kristen]] jeung [[Buda di Koréa|Buda]]. Ageman lianna kaasup [[Muisme]] (ageman karuhun) katut [[Konghucu]]. Séoul mangrupa tempat jama'ah Kristen panggedéna di dunya, [[Yoido Full Gospel Church]], nu boga anggahota kira-kira 830,000 urang.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21532340|title=South Korean mega-churches. For God and country|publisher=Economist|accessdate=2014-02-11|date=2011-10-15}}</ref> Dumasar kana sénsus taun 2005, tina sakabéh urang Séoul, 39% ngagem [[Kristen]] (22.8% [[Protéstan]] jeung 14.2% [[Garéja Katolik|Katolik]]) jeung 16.8% ngagem [[Buda]].<ref name="2005religionmap"/> 46.2% tina ieu populasi lolobanaana henteu boga ageman atawa ngagem Muisme jeung ageman asli lianna. ==Ékonomi== [[File:Lotte World.jpg|right|thumbnail|Taman jero wangunan katut mall pangbalanjaan [[Lotte World]]]] {{See also|Ékonomi Koréa Kidul}} Séoul mangrupa puseur bisnis katut kauangan di Koréa Kidul. Sanajan legana ukur 0.6 persén tina sakabéh wewengkon daratan nasional, Séoul ngahasilkeun 21 persén tina GDP ieu nagara taun 2006.<ref>{{cite web|year=2006|url=http://www.lmg.go.kr/2006iaescsi/generalinfo/seoul.asp|title=Welcome to KTC|publisher=Lmg.go.kr|archiveurl=http://archive.is/j8rc|archivedate=2012-05-26}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227175321/http://www.lmg.go.kr/2006iaescsi/generalinfo/seoul.asp |date=2011-02-27 }}</ref> Taun 2008, indéks [[Worldwide Centers of Commerce]] ngaréngking Séoul minangka No.9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf|title=Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index™|publisher=[[MasterCard]]|accessdate=2014-02-13}}</ref> [[Global Financial Centres Index]] taun 2012 ngadaptar Séoul minangka kota pangkompetitifna ka-6 sadunya sacara finansial.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zyen.com/PDF/GFCI%2012.pdf|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 12|publisher=Z/Yen Group|year=2012|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323125707/http://www.zyen.com/PDF/GFCI%2012.pdf |date=2014-03-23 }}</ref> [[The Economist Intelligence Unit]] ngaréngking Séoul minangka nu ka-15 dina daptar "Overall 2025 City Competitiveness" ngeunaan daya saing kota ka hareupna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citigroup.com/citi/citiforcities/pdfs/hotspots2025.pdf|title=Hot Spots 2025: Benchmarking the Future Competitiveness of Cities|publisher=[[The Economist Intelligence Unit]]|year=2013|accessdate=2014-02-13}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109040339/http://www.citigroup.com/citi/citiforcities/pdfs/hotspots2025.pdf |date=2014-01-09 }}</ref> ===Pabrik=== [[File:Gangnam, Seoul, Korea.jpg|left|thumbnail|Kantor puseur Samsung di [[Stasion Gangnam]]]] Industi pabrik nu tradisional jeung intensif maké karyawan geus sacara tuluy tumuluy diganti ku industri tipeu [[téhnologi informasi]], [[éléktronis]] jeung ''assembly'',<ref name="britannica-economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/534948/Seoul/24016/City-layout#toc24019|title=Seoul: Economy|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2014-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu11ee/uu11ee0i.htm|title=The primacy of Seoul and the capital region|publisher=United Nations University|accessdate=2014-02-13}}</ref> tapi, produksi dahareun jeung inuman mah, kawas percitakan katut penerbitan masih nyésa di antara industri inti.<ref name="britannica-economy" /> Pabrik nu garedé mah kantor puseurna aya di ieu kota, kayaning [[Samsung]], [[LG]], [[Hyundai]], [[Kia Motors|Kia]] katut [[SK Group|SK]]. Pausahaan dahareun jeung inuman nu kasohor kaasup [[Jinro]], nu nyieun inuman alkoholan [[soju]] nu sumebar ka sakuliah dunya, geus ngéléhkeun [[vodka]] [[Smirnoff]];<ref name="bestselling">{{cite news|url=http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/drink/soju-most-sold-drink-world-930177|title=It's official: Jinro soju is the world's best-selling liquor|date=2012-06-12|publisher=CNN Travel|accessdate=2013-04-29}}</ref> pabrik bir panglobana ngajual [[Hite Brewery|Hite]] (ngahiji jeung Jinro) jeung [[Oriental Brewery]].<ref name=economist>{{cite news|title=Fiery food, boring beer|url=http://www.economist.com/news/business/21567120-dull-duopoly-crushes-microbrewers-fiery-food-boring-beer|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=2013-04-24|date=2012-11-24}}</ref> Ieu kota ogé mangrupa tempatna raksasa dahareun saperti [[Seoul Milk|Seoul Dairy Cooperative]], [[Grup Nongshim]] katut [[Lotté (konglomerat)|Lotté]]. ===Kauangan=== Konséntrasi gegedéan pausahaan-pausahaan internasional kantor puseurna aya di Séoul.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2008/cities/ |title=Global : Cities |publisher=CNN }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529093252/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2008/cities/ |date=2010-05-29 }}</ref> [[Korea Exchange Bank]] ogé kantor puseurna aya di ieu kota. lolobana kantor puseur bank katut [[Korea Exchange]] perenahna di [[Yeouido]] (Pulo Yéoui),<ref name="britannica-economy" /> nu mindeng disebut "[[Wall Street]] Koréa" tur geus midang minangka puseur finansial ieu kota ti taun 1980-an.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2914830|title=Neon shines brightly during the bustle on Yeouido stock street|publisher=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=2010-01-05|accessdate=2014-02-13}}</ref> ===Balanja=== {{Main|Balanja di Seoul}} Pasar grosir katut écéran panggedéna di Koréa Kidul, nyaéta [[Pasar Dongdaémun]], perenahna di Séoul.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&art_id=662&lang=en&m=0003001005007&p=03|title=Dongdaemun Market|publisher=Visit Seoul|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222025740/http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&art_id=662&lang=en&m=0003001005007&p=03 |date=2014-02-22 }}</ref> [[Myeongdong]] nyaéta wewengkon pangbalanjaan katut hiburan di puseur dayeuh Séoul kalayan toko kelas panengah tepi ka kelas luhur, butik pakéan katut ''outlét'' mérek internasional.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264312|title=Myeong-dong|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215191420/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264312 |date=2014-02-15 }}</ref> [[Pasar Namdaémun]] deukeuteunana, nu dingaranan dumasar kana [[Gapura Namdaémun]], mangrupa pasar pangkolotna di Séoul nu kiwari masih dipaké.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitseoul.net/en/m/article/article.do?_method=view&p=02&art_id=673|title=Namdaemun Market|publisher=Visit Seoul|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222021157/https://www.visitseoul.net/en/m/article/article.do?_method=view&p=02&art_id=673 |date=2014-02-22 }}</ref> [[Sinchon-dong, Seoul|Sinchon]] nyaéta wewengkon pangbalanjaan nu disadiakeun keur nonoman katut mahasiswa universitas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=256043|title=Sinchon Street, full of energy|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222133248/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=256043 |date=2014-02-22 }}</ref> [[Insadong]] mah mangrupa pasar seni budaya di Séoul, tempat di mana karya seni Koréa tradisional katut modéren, saperti lukisan, ukiran katut kaligrafi dijual.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SH/SH_EN_7_2_2_1.jsp|title=Insa-dong|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116073234/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SH/SH_EN_7_2_2_1.jsp |date=2014-01-16 }}</ref> [[Pasar loak Hwanghak-dong]] katut Pasar antik Janganpyéong ogé nawarkeun barang antik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_2_4.jsp?gotoPage=&category=&areaCode=&recommCid=257325&cid=273747|title=Hwanghak-dong Flea Market|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222135206/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_2_4.jsp?gotoPage=&category=&areaCode=&recommCid=257325&cid=273747 |date=2014-02-22 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/cav/shop/antique.php|title=Antique Markets|publisher=Seoul Matropolitan Government|accessdate=2014-02-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008074320/http://english.seoul.go.kr/cav/shop/antique.php |date=2010-10-08 }}</ref> Sababaraha toko keur parancang lokal geus dibuka di [[Samcheong-dong]], tempat perenahna sababaraha galeri seni laleutik. [[Itaéwon]] utamana sadia keur turis deungeun katut soldadu Amérika nu boga basis di ieu dayeuh.<ref name="KT Itaewon">{{cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2014/02/203_130484.html|title=Itaewon: Going Gangnam Style?|publisher=The Korea Times|date=2013-02-14|accessdate=2014-02-12}}</ref> [[Distrik Gangnam]] mangrupa wewengkon pangmakmurna di Séoul<ref name="KT Itaewon" /> tur kasohor ku wewengkon [[Apgujeong-dong]] katut [[Cheongdam-dong]] sarta [[COEX Mall]] nu modéren. Pasar grosir di antarana [[Pasar Grosir Lauk Noryangjin]] katut [[Pasar Garak]]. [[Pasar Éléktronik Yongsan]] mangrupa pasar éléktronik panggedéna di Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_touringseoul_detail.htm?lang=e&current_page&No=24205|title=Yongsan Electronics Market, Asia’s largest IT shopping mall|publisher=[[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS World]]|date=2011-03-01|accessdate=2014-02-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221060206/http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_touringseoul_detail.htm?lang=e&current_page&No=24205 |date=2014-02-21 }}</ref> [[Times Square (Seoul)|Times Square]] mangrupa salah sahiji mall pangbalanjaan panggedéna nu ngagulkeun [[CJ CGV|Starium CGV]], layar bioskop permanén panggedéna di dunya, [[film 35mm|35 mm]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-4000/largest-permanent-35mm-cinema-screen |title=Largest Permanent 35mm Cinema Screen |publisher=Guinnessworldrecords.com |date=2009-08-18 |accessdate=2013-08-07}}</ref> ==Arsitéktur== {{See also|Arsitéktur Koréa Kidul}} {{wide image|Seoul Panorama from Namhansanseong..jpg|1600px|<center>Panorama Seoul ti Namhansanseong</center>}} [[File:Namdaemun Buildings.JPG|thumb|right|[[Sungnyémun]]]] Jajantung tradisional Séoul nyaéta dayeuh kolot [[Dinasti Joseon]], nu kiwari jadi wewengkon puseur karaméan, nu mana di éta wewengkon ngumpul karaton, kantor pamaréntahan, kantor puseur pausahaan, hotél, katut pasar tradisional. [[Cheonggyécheon]], wahangan nu ngamalir ti kulon ka wétan ngaliwatan léngkob saméméh tuluy ngamuhara ka [[Walungan Han (Koréa)|Walungan Han]], keur sababaraha taun mah katutupan ku beton, tapi ahirna dibalikkeun deui ngaliwatan proyék kabangkitan kota taun 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Culture/view?articleId=85750|title=Seoul’s Cheonggyecheon Stream symbolizes Korea’s past, present and tomorrow|publisher=Korea.net|accessdate=2014-02-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222142757/http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Culture/view?articleId=85750 |date=2014-02-22 }}</ref> Jalan [[Jongno]], nu hartina "Jalan Loncéng," geus mangrupa hiji jalan utama tur salah sahiji jalan komérsil pangbiharina di ieu dayeuh,<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.hu/books?id=M8Xj7pHu1jEC|title=The Emerging Asian City: Concomitant Urbanities and Urbanisms|editor=Vinayak Bharne |page=59|publisher=Routledge|year= 2013|isbn=9780415525978}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2012/06/137_68203.html|title=Jongno walk|date=2010-06-24 |publisher=The Korea Times|author=Andrei Lankov |accessdate=2014-02-12}}</ref> nu mana di dinya bisa kapanggih [[Bosingak]], hiji paviliun nu eusina loncéng gedé. Éta loncéng nyirénan wanci nu béda-béda sapanjang poé tur ngaadalikeun opat gapura ka ieu dayeuh. Di béh kaléreun puseur karaméan aya [[Gunung Bukhan]], tur di kiduleunana aya [[Namsan (Seoul)|Namsan]] nu leuwih leutik. Tuluy ka béh kidul aya pipir dayeuh nu geus kolot, nyaéta [[Distrik Yongsan]] jeung [[Distrik Mapo]]. Sapanjang Walungan Han aya wewengkon nu leuwih anyar jeung makmur nyaéta [[Distrik Gangnam]], [[Distrik Seocho]] katut wewengkon sabudeureunana. ===Arsitéktur dumasar sajarah=== [[File:Gyeongbok-gung palace-05 (xndr).jpg|left|thumb|[[Gyeongbokgung]]]] [[File:Changdeokgung-Injeongjeon.jpg|thumb|left|[[Changdeokgung]], salah sahiji tina lima karaton di Koréa, nyaéta hiji [[Loka Warisan Dunya]] [[UNESCO]].]] Séoul mibanda sababaraha tempat penting sacara sajarah katut budaya. Di [[Amsa-dong|Loka Pamukiman Prasajarah Amsa-dong]], [[Distrik Gangdong]], sésa-sésa néolitikum kakali jeung teu kahaja katimu alatan banjir taun 1925.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264111 |title=Amsa-dong Prehistoric Settlement Site |publisher=[[Korea Tourism Organization]] |accessdate=2014-02-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222135311/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264111 |date=2014-02-22 }}</ref> Perencanaan urban jeung sipil mangrupa konsép utama nalika Séoul mimiti dirarancang keur ngajadi ibu kota dina ahir abad ka-14. [[Dinasti Joseon]] ngawangun "Lima Karaton Agung" di Séoul – [[Changdeokgung]], [[Changgyeonggung]], [[Deoksugung]], [[Gyeongbokgung]] katut [[Gyeonghuigung]] – sakabéhna aya di [[Distrik Jongno]] jeung [[Distrik Jung, Seoul|Distrik Jung]]. Di antara sakabéh éta, Changdéokgung asup kana Daptar [[Warisan Dunya]] UNESCO taun 1997 minangka "conto rarancang arsitéktur karaton katut taman di Wétan Jauh nu pinunjul". Karaton utama mah, nyaéta [[Gyeongbokgung]], keur ngalaman proyék réstorasi gegedéan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalpalace.go.kr/html/eng/data/data_01.jsp?dep1=2&dep2=1|title=About the Palace|publisher=Gyeongbokgung Palace|accessdate=2014-02-12}}</ref> Ieu karaton-karaton téh dianggap arsitéktur percontoan tina mangsa Joséon. Di sagédéngeun karaton, [[Unhyeongung]] kasohor minangka tempat cicingna Bupati [[Daéwongun]], bapana [[Kaisar Gojong]] dina ahir Dinasti Joséon. [[File:Deoksugung-02.jpg|thumb|right|[[Deoksugung]] nalika usum gugur]] Séoul dikurilingan ku pinding nu diwangun keur ngatur singsaha waé nu baris nganjang ti wewengkon séjén sarta pikeun ngajaga dayeuh tina serangan musuh. [[Pungnap Toseong]] mangrupa hiji pinding taneuh rata nu diwangun dina juru Walungan Han nu dipercaya ku balaréa minangka mandalana [[Wiryéseong]]. Ari [[Mongchontoseong|Mongchon Toseong]] (몽촌토성; 蒙村土城) mah nyaéta pinding taneuh liana nu diwangun nalika mangsa [[Baékjé]] nu kiwari perenahna di sajeroeun [[Taman Olimpiade, Seoul|Taman Olimpiade]].<ref name="toseong" /> [[Bénténg Seoul]] diwangun dina mangsa Dinasti Joséon munggaran keur ngajaga ieu dayeuh. Sanggeus sababaraha abad ruksak jeung diwangun deui, kiwari nyésa kurang leuwih 2/3-na, kaasup genep tina [[Dalapan Gapura di Seoul|dalapan gapura]] nu asli. Gapura-gapura ieu kaasup [[Sungnyémun]] jeung [[Heunginjimun]], nu kiwari ilaharna disebut Namdaémun (Gapura Gedé Kidul) jeung Dongdaémun (Gapura Gedé Wétan). Namdaémun mangrupa gapura kai pangkolotna tepikeun ka kajadian aya nu ngaduruk taun 2008, tur kiwari dibuka deui sanggeu réstorasina réngsé taun 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sungnyemun to open to great fanfare after more than five years of renovation|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130430000738|accessdate=1 May 2013|publisher=The Korea Herald|date=30 April 2013}}</ref> Di deukeuteun ieu gapura aya pasar tradisional katut puseur pangbalanjaan panggedéna, [[Pasar Namdaémun]] jeung [[Pasar Dongdaémun]]. Aya ogé loba wangunan nu dijieun kalayan gaya mancanagara dina ahir abad ka-19, awal abad ka-20. [[Gapura Kamerdikaan]] diwangun taun 1897 keur méré ilham ngeunaan pentingna boga sumanget kamerdikaan. [[Stasion Seoul]] dibuka taun 1900 minangka Stasion Gyéongséong. ===Arsitektur moderen=== [[File:Lotte World Tower under construction on January 2015.png|thumb|right|[[Mall Lotte World]] dibuka taun 2014 kalayan bioskop panggedéna<ref name="guinnessworldrecords.com"/> katut [[Munara Lotte World]] [[superluhur]] 123 lantéy nu baris dibuka taun 2016 kalayan galadak observasi pangluhurna sadunya.]] Mangrupa-rupa [[wangunan kantor]] katut wangunan panyicingan nu laluhur, saperti Gangnam Finance Center, [[Tower Palace]], [[N Seoul Tower]] katut [[Jongno|Jongno Tower]], ngadominasi langit ieu dayeuh. Saruntuyan wangunan luhur anyar keur diwangun, kaasup [[Munara Lotte World]], nu direncanakeun baris réngsé taun 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2013/11/18/seoul-helicopter-crash-raises-fears-over-new-skyscraper/|title=Seoul Helicopter Crash Raises Fears Over New Skyscraper|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=2014-02-12}}</ref> Bulan Fébruari 2014 mah, [[Daptar wangunan pangluhurna di Seoul|wangunan pangluhurna di ieu kota]] téh nyaéta [[Three International Finance Center]] nu luhurna 279m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-buildings-seoul-southkorea|title=Seoul's tallest buildings – Top 20|publisher=Emporis|accessdate=2014-02-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023134717/http://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-buildings-seoul-southkorea |date=2013-10-23 }}</ref> [[World Trade Center Seoul]], nu perenahna di [[Distrik Gangnam]], mangrupa tuan rumah sababaraha paméran katut konférénsi. Di Distrik Gangnam aya ogé [[COEX Mall]], nu mangrupa komplék pangbalanjaan katut hiburan di jero rohangan nu kacida gedéna. Ka hilirkeun ti Distrik Gangnam aya [[Yeouido]], hiji pulo nu jadi tempat Déwan Nasional, studio siaran gedé, katut sajumlah gedé wangunan kantor gedé, kayaning Koréa Finance Building katut [[Garéja Yoido Full Gospel]]. [[Stadion Olimpiade (Seoul)|Stadion Olompiade]], [[Taman Olompiade, Seoul|Taman Olimpiade]], katut [[Lotte World]] perenahna di [[Distrik Songpa]], di sisi béh kidul Walunga Han, naék ti Distrik Gangnam. Dua cicirén modéren Séoul nu anyar nyaéta [[Dongdaemun Design Plaza & Park]], nu dirancang ku [[Zaha Hadid]], katut [[Balé Kota Seoul]], ku [[Yoo Kerl]] ti [[iArc]]. Dina taun 2010 Séoul ditunjuk jadi [[Ibu kota Disain Dunya]] keur taun harita.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-02-27/the-seoul-of-world-designbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice|title=The Seoul of World Design|date=2008-02-27|accessdate=2014-02-12|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814070328/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-02-27/the-seoul-of-world-designbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice |date=2012-08-14 }}</ref> ==Budaya== ===Téhnologi=== Séoul boga [[infrastruktur]] nu maju sacara téhnologi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=25697|title=KOREA: Future is now for Korean info-tech|publisher=Regents of the University of California|work=AsiaMedia|date=14 June 2005}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213160036/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=25697 |date=13 February 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/technology/tech-capitals-of-the-world/2007/06/16/1181414598292.html |title=Tech capitals of the world – Technology |work=The Age |date= 18 June 2007|location=Melbourne, Australia}}</ref> Boga pénétrasi [[pita lega]] [[serat kaca]] pangluhurna sadunya, nu ngahasilkeun konéksi internét panggancangna sadunya tepi ka 1 [[Gbps]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/about/fact.php |title=Hi Seoul, SOUL OF ASIA – Seoul Located In the Center of Asian Metropolises |publisher=English.seoul.go.kr |date= |accessdate=2013-08-07 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813063824/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/about/fact.php |date=2013-08-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/technology/22iht-broadband22.html | work=The New York Times | first=Mark | last=McDonald | title=South Korea Seeks Internet Speed of 1 Gigabit a Second | date=2011-02-21}}</ref> Séoul nyadiakeun aksés [[Wi-Fi]] gratis di luar rohangan. Proyék 47.7&nbsp;miliar won ($44&nbsp;yuta) ieu baris méré aksés keur warga katut nu ngaranjang di 10.430 taman, jalan katut patempatan publik lianna taun 2015.<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20110615/bs_afp/skoreainternettelecom Wifi in All Public Areas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623182554/http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20110615/bs_afp/skoreainternettelecom |date=2011-06-23 }}</ref> ===Musieum=== {{Main|Daptar musieum di Seoul}} [[File:National Museum of Korea (4).jpg|thumb|[[Musieum Nasional Koréa]]]] Di Séoul aya 115 musieum,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS7/WWSDS7100.jsp?stc_cd=401&lang=eng|title=Status of Museum|accessdate=2014-09-18|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911123740/http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS7/WWSDS7100.jsp?stc_cd=401&lang=eng |date=2014-09-11 }}</ref> kaasup di antarana tilu musieum nasional katut salapan musieum kota. [[Musieum Nasional Koréa]] mangrupa musieum nu henteu ukur ngawakilan Séoul, tapi ogé ngawakilan sakabéh [[Koréa Kidul]]. Ti saprak ngadeg taun 1945, ieu musieum geus ngawangun koléksi mangrupa 220,000 artefak.<ref name="CNN">{{cite web|url=http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/play/seouls-best-museums-060516|title=Seoul's best museums|date=2011-10-27|publisher=[[CNN]]|accessdate=2013-06-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916014140/http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/play/seouls-best-museums-060516 |date=2014-09-16 }}</ref> Dina Oktober 2005, ieu musieum pindah ka wangunan anyar di Taman Kulawarga Yongsan. [[National Folk Museum of Korea|National Folk Museum]] perenahna di dadasar [[Karaton]] [[Gyeongbokgung]] di Distrik Jongno District tur maké réplika obyék sajarah pikeun ngilustrasikeun sajarah bangsa Koréa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268152|title=National Folk Museum of Korea|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716225730/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268152 |date=2014-07-16 }}</ref> [[Bukchon Hanok Village]] jeung [[Namsangol Hanok Village]] mangrupa wewengkon panganjrekan heubeul nu ngandung imah, taman katut musieum tradisional Koréa [[hanok]] nu méré kasempetan keur turis pikeun ngarasakeun budaya Koréa tradisional.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264116|title=Namsangol Hanok Village|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012013656/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264116 |date=2014-10-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=561382|title=Bukchon Hanok Village|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915192817/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=561382 |date=2014-09-15 }}</ref> [[Tugu Perang (Seoul)|Tugu Perang]], salah sahiji tina salapan musieum kota di Séoul, nawarkeun pangalaman édukasional katut émosional ka nu nganjanganana, ngeunaan rupa-rupa perang nu ngalibetkeun Koréa, kaasup jejer [[Perang Koréa]] themes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.time.com/time/travel/cityguide/article/0,31489,1848378_1848364_1848280,00.html|title=Seoul: 10 Things to Do|publisher=[[Time magazine]]|accessdate=2014-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268131|title=The War Memorial of Korea|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214214704/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268131 |date=2015-02-14 }}</ref> [[Pangbuian Seodaémun]] mangrupa hiji urut pangbuian nu diwangun salila penjajahan Jepang, tur kiwari dipaké keur musieum sajarah<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268143|title=Seodaemun Prison History Museum|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604201044/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268143 |date=2014-06-04 }}</ref> [[File:Folk Museum of Korea.jpg|left|thumb|[[Musieum Rahayat Nasional Koréa]].]] [[Musieum Seni Seoul]] katut [[Musieum Seni Ilmin]] ngajaga rupa wangunan heubeul nu unik sacara visual tina wangunan luhur tur modéren di sabudeureunana. Saméméhna dioperasikeun ku Déwan Kota Séoul tur boga tempat deukeuteun Karaton Gyéonghuigung, karaton karajaan dinasti Joséon. Keur lolobana jalma nu mikaresep pilem Koréa mah, [[Arsip Pilem Koréa]] ngayakeun Musieum Pilem Koréa jeung Cinematheque KOFA di puseur utamana di [[Digital Media City]](DMC), Sangam-dong. [[Tteok & Kitchen Utensil Museum]] jeung [[Kimchi Field Museum]] nyadiakeun informasi nu patali jeung sajarah kulinér Koréa. ===Monumén ageman=== [[File:Myeongdongchurch.jpg|thumb|[[Katedral Myeongdong]]]] [[File:Jongmyo-Jeongjeon.jpg|left|thumb|[[Kuil Jongmyo]], salah sahiji [[Loka Warisan Dunya UNESCO]].]] Aya ogé wangunan rélijius nu boga pancén penting dina masarakat katut pulitik Koréa. Altar [[Wongudan]] mangrupa tempat upacara nalika para pamingpin Koréa ngayakeun ritual kasawargaan ti saprak jaman Tilu Karajaan. Ti saprak [[Dinasti Joseon]] maké [[Konghucu]] minangka idiologi nasional dina abad ka-14, ieu nagara ngawangun loba kelenténg Konghucu. Katurunan kulawarga karajaan Joséon masih neruskeun tradisi dina ngayakeun sérémoni pikeun miéling para karuhun di [[Jongmyo]]. Ieu tempat mangrupa kuil Konghucu karajaan pangkolotna nu jadi cagar tur sérémoni ritualna nuluykeun tradisi nu dijieun dina abad ka-14. [[Munmyo]] katut [[Dongmyo]] diwangun dina mangsa nu sarua. Sok sanajan Buda didedetkeun ku pamaréntahan Joséon, ieu ageman tetep aya. [[Jogyésa]] mangrupa markas gedé [[Ordo Jogyé]] [[Buda Koréa]]. Hwagyésa katut [[Bongeunsa]] ogé mangrupa [[Daptar candi Buda di Seoul|candi Buda di Seoul]] nu gedé. [[Katedral Myeongdong]] mangrupa cicirén [[Myeongdong]], [[Distrik Jung, Seoul|Distrik Jung]] tur mangrupa garéja Katolik panggedéna nu diwangun taun 1883. Ieu garéja mangrupa lambang Katolik di Koréa. Ogé mangrupa fokus béda pamadegan pulitik taun 1980-an. Dina ieu hal, Garéja Katolik Roma kacida boga pangaruhna ka masarakat Koréa. Loba ogé garéja Protéstan di Séoul. Nu panglobana mah [[Présbisterian]], tapi loba ogé garéja [[Métodis]], [[Baptis]], katut [[Lutheran]]. [[Garéja Yoido Full Gospel]] mangrupa garéja [[Pantékosta]] nu patali jeung [[Majlis Pangéran]] di [[Yeouido]] di Séoul. Kalayan kurang leuwih 830.000 anggahota (2007), ieu téh mangrupa jamaah Kristen Pantékosta panglobana di dunya, nu geus kacatet dina [[Guinness Book of World Records]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} ===Féstival=== Dina bulan Oktober 2012 [[KBS Hall]] di Séoul jadi tuan rumah féstival musik internasional rongkah&nbsp;– [[Féstival Lagu ABU 2012|Féstival Lagu TV katut Radio ABU]] munggaran dina raraga Majlis Umum [[Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union]] ka-49 General Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|title=ABU TV and Radio Song Festivals 2012|url=http://esckaz.com/2012/abu.htm|publisher=ESCKAZ.com|accessdate=17 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ABU GA Seoul 2012|url=http://www.abu2012seoul.com/|publisher=Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union|accessdate=17 August 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303011118/http://www.abu2012seoul.com/ |date=3 March 2013 }}</ref> [[Hi! Seoul Festival]] mangrupa hiji féstival budaya uusuman nu diayakeun opat kali sataun nalika usum semi, usum panas, usum gugur, katut usum tiis di Séoul, [[Koréa Kidul]] ti taun 2003. Ieu féstival dumasar kana "Poé Warga Seoul" nu diayakeun unggal Oktober ti saprak taun 1994 pikeun miéling sajarah 600 taun Séoul minangka ibu kota nagara. Ieu féstival diayakeun ku [[Pamaréntah Métropolitan Seoul]]. Taun 2012, Séoul geus jadi tuan rumah [[Ultra Music Festival]] Koréa, nyaéta féstival musik jeung ibing nu diayakeun dina ahir minggu ka-2 bulan Juni.<ref>http://www.umfkorea.com/</ref> ===Taman=== {{further|Daptar taman di Seoul}} [[Namsan (Seoul)|Taman Namsan]] bisa dipaké keur ''hiking'', rékréasi katut ''skyline'' keur ningali pemandangan tengah kota Séoul. [[Munara Seoul N]] perenahna di dieu. [[Taman Olimpiade, Seoul|Taman Olimpiade Seoul]] perenahna di [[Distrik Songpa]] tur diwangung keur tempat Olimpiade Usum Panas taun 1988. Pagoda 10 tingkat [[Pagoda Wongaksa|Wongaksa]] perenahna di [[Taman Tapgol]], hiji taman publik nu legana {{convert|19599|m²|0|abbr=on}}. Wewengkon sabudeureun wahangan disadiakeun minangka tempat publik keur rélaksasi jeung rékréasi. Wahangan [[Tancheon]] katut wewengkon deukeuteunana dsadiakeun minangka taman nu lega kalayan lajur keur nu laleumpang katut nu sasarapédahan. [[Cheonggyecheon]], hiji wahangan nu panjangna {{convert|6|km|0|abbr=on}} ngaliwatan tengah kota Séoul, kasohor keur warga Séoul katut turis. [[File:Seoul-Olympic.Park-01.jpg|left|thumb|[[Taman Olimpiade, Seoul]].]] [[Wewengkon métropolitan]] Séoul ngawengku genep taman gedé, kaasup [[Leuweung Seoul]], nu dibuka dina panengah taun 2005. [[Wewengkon Ibu kota Nasional Seoul]] ogé boga [[beubeur héjo]] nu ditujukeun keur nyegah kota tina ''[[Urban sprawl|sprawling]]'' kaluar ka [[Babagian administratif Koréa Kidul|Propinsi]] [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi]] deukeuteunana. Ieu wewengkon mindeng ditéangan ku jalma nu hayang lumpat tina kahirupan urban dina ahir minggu jeung nalika peré. Séoul ogé mangrupa tempat [[taman hiburan]] jero rohangan panggedéna sadunya, [[Lotte World]]. Puseur pelesir lianna nyaéta stadion Olimpiade jeung [[Stadion Piala Dunya Seoul|Piala Dunya]] katut alun-alun [[balé kota]]. ==Olahraga== [[File:Seoul.Olympic.Stadium.01 copy.jpg|thumb|[[Stadion Olimpiade Seoul]].]] ===Kompetisi internasional=== Séoul jadi tuan rumah [[Asian Games 1986]] jeung [[Asian Games 2014|2014]], ilaharna katelah [[Asian Games|Asiad]], [[Olimiape Usum Panas 1988|Olimpiade 1988]], jeung [[1988 Summer Paralympics|Paralympic Games]]. Jadi tuan rumah ogé keur [[Piala Dunya FIFA 2002]]. [[Stadion Piala Dunya Seoul]] jadi tempat pembukaan sarta tanding munggaran. [[Taékwondo]] mangrupa olah raga nasional Koréa sarta Séoul mangrupa tempat [[Kukkiwon]], markas besar dunya taékwondo, jeung [[Federasi Taékwondo Dunya]]. ===Kleub olah raga doméstik=== ====Maén bal==== {{Main|Maén bal di Seoul}} Kleub maén bal pangkasohorna di Séoul nyaéta [[FC Seoul]]. Ieu kleub mangrupa salah sahiji kleub maén bal panghasilna di Asia.<br /> Recently, FC Séoul jadi ''runner-up'' dina [[Liga Champion AFC 2013]]. * '''Maén bal lalaki''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tingkat ! Liga ! Kleub ! Stadion ! Catetan |- | Pangluhurna |[[K League Classic]] |[[FC Seoul]] |[[Seoul World Cup Stadium]] (Séoul Kalér) | |- | Ka-2 |[[K League Challenge]] |[[Seoul E-Land FC]] |[[Olympic Stadium (Seoul)|Seoul Olympic Stadium]] (Séoul Kidul) | |- | rowspan="3"| Ka-4 |rowspan="3"| [[K3 League]] |[[Seoul United FC|Seoul United]] |[[Madeul Stadium]] | |- |[[Seoul FC Martyrs]] |Gangbuk Public Stadium | |- |[[Jungnang Chorus Mustang FC|Jungnang Chorus Mustang]] |Jungnang Public Ground | |} * '''Maén bal wanoja''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tingkat ! Liga ! Kleub ! Stadion | Catetan |- | Top |[[WK-League]] |[[Seoul Metropolitan Government WFC]] |[[Hyochang Stadium]], [[Seoul Olympic Stadium|Seoul Olympic Auxiliary Stadium]] | |- |} ====Baseball==== Séoul boga tilu kleub baseball profésional dina cekelan [[Korean Baseball Organization|KBO]]: Salah sahiji kleub pangkolotna, [[Doosan Bears]], [[LG Twins]] katut [[Nexen Heroes]]. ====Basketball==== * [[Seoul SK Knights]] jeung [[Seoul Samsung Thunders]]. ==Transportasi== {{Main|Transportasi di Seoul}} Séoul mangrupa salah sahiji dayeuh nu infrastruktur transportasina pangmajuna sadunya nu terus kénéh dimekarkeun. Sistemna dimimitian ti mangsa [[Kamaharajaan Koréa]], nalika réngséna jalur trém munggaran katut jalan raya nu ngahubungkeun Séoul jeung Inchéon. Jalur trém pangpentingna di Séoul sapanjang Jongno diganti ku Jalur 1 sistem subway dina awal 1970-an. Jalan penting lianna di puseur karaméan Séoul kaasup [[Euljiro]], [[Téhéranno]], [[Séjongno]], [[Chungmuro]], Yulgongno, katut Toegyéro. Aya salapan jalur subway gedé nu manjang leuwih ti {{convert|250|km|0|abbr=on}}, kalayan sajalur tambahan deui nu geus dirarancang. Taun 2010, 25% populasina boga wanci pulang anting sajam atawa leuwih. ===Beus=== {{Main|Beus Seoul}} [[File:Seoul Buses.png|right|thumb|Beus Seoul]] Sistem beus di Séoul dijalankeun ku Pamaréntah Métropolitan Séoul, kalayan opat konfigurasi beus primér énu sayaga keur ngaladénan lolobana tempat di ieu dayeuh. Séoul boga loba terminal antar kota atawa beus gancang nu galedé. Ieu beus ngahubungkeun Séoul jeung kota-kota di Koréa Kidul. Séoul Express Bus Terminal, Central City Terminal katut Terminal Nambu Séoul perenahna di [[Distrik Seocho]]. Minangka tambahan, Terminal Beus Séoul Wétan di [[Distrik Gwangjin]] katut Sangbong Terminal Sangbong di [[Distrik Jungnang]] dioperasikeun di béh wétan kota. Pikeun ngurangan polusi udara di wewengkon métropolitan, pamaréntah kota boga rencana pikeun ngarobah leuwih ti tujuh rébu beus nu maké mesin disel ka gas alam taun 2010.<ref>[http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=337462 "Seoul More Enjoyable For a Day"]. Retrieved 30 July 2008.</ref> ===Subway=== [[File:Yongsansta09.jpg|thumb|[[Stasion Yongsan]]]] {{Main|Subway Métropolitan Seoul}} Séoul boga jajaring subway nu kompréhénsif nu ngahubungkeun unggal distrik di ieu dayeuh katut wewengkon sabudeureunana. Kalayan leuwih ti 8 yuta panumpang unggal poéna, Séoul boga [[Sistem métro dumasar kana perjalanan panumpang unggal tauna|sistem subway pangsibukna sadunya]]. Subway Métropolitan Séoul sakabéhna boga 19 jalur nu ngaladénan Séoul, Inchéon, propinsi Gyéonggi, propinsi Gangwon béh kulon, katut propinsi Chungnam béh kalér. Minangka tambahan, pikeun nyaluyukeun mangrupa-rupa moda transportasi, pamaréntah métropolitan Séoul ngagawékeun sababaraha urang ahli matématika pikeun ngoordinasikeun subway, beus, katut jadwal lalu lintas jadi tabél wanci. Sababaraha jalur dijalankeun ku [[Korail]], [[Seoul Metro]], [[Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation]], [[NeoTrans Co. Ltd.]], [[AREX]], katut Séoul Metro Line 9 Corporation. ===Karéta api=== [[File:KTX-Sancheon.jpg|thumb|[[KTX Sancheon]]]] Séoul kasambungkeun ka unggal kota gedé di Koréa ku karéta. Séoul ogé kasambungkeun ka lolobana kota gedé di Koréa ku karéta gancang [[Korea Train Express|KTX]], nu gancang normalna leuwih ti {{convert|300|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. Stasion karéta gedé di antarana: * [[Stasion Seoul]], [[Distrik Yongsan]]: Jalur Gyéongbu ([[KTX]]/[[Saémaul-ho|Saémaul]]/[[Mugunghwa-ho]]), Jalur Gyéongui (Saémaul/[[Komuter]]) * [[Stasion Yongsan]], [[Distrik Yongsan]]: Jalur Honam (KTX/Saémaul/Mugunghwa), Jalur Jéolla/Janghang (Saemaul/Mugunghwa) * [[Stasion Yeongdeungpo]], [[Distrik Yeongdeungpo]]: Jalur Gyéongbu/Honam/Janghang (Saémaul/Mugunghwa) * [[Stasion Cheongnyangni (di luhur lemah)|Stasion Cheongnyangni]], [[Distrik Dongdaémun]]: Jalur Gyéongchun/Jungang/Yéongdong/Taebaek (Mugunghwa) ===Bandara=== Dua bandara internasional aya di Séoul. [[Bandara Internasional Gimpo]], saméméhna aya di [[Kota Gimpo|Gimpo]] tapi dicokot ku Séoul taun 1963, geus sababaraha taun (ti saprak konstruksi aslina nalika [[Perang Koréa]]) jadi bandara hiji-hijina nu ngaladénan Séoul. Bandara doméstik lianna ogé diwangun nalika ieu perang, kaasup [[Yeouido]]. Nalika dibuka bulan Maret 2001, [[Bandara Internasional Incheon]] di pulo [[Yeongjong]] di [[Incheon]] ngarobah pancén Bandara Gimpo sacara signifikan. Inchéon kiwari boga tanggung jawab keur ampir sakabéh penerbangan internasional katut sababaraha penerbangan doméstik, sedengkeun Gimpo mah ukur ngaladénan penerbangan doméstik kajaba penerbangan ka [[Bandara Hanéda]] di Tokyo, [[Bandara Internasional Kansai Osaka]], [[Bandara Songshan Taipéi]] di Taipéi, [[Bandara Internasional Hongqiao Shanghai|Bandara Hongqiao]] di Shanghai, katut [[Bandara Internasional Ibukota Béijing]] di Béijing. Ku ayana ieu hal, penerbangan ti Bandara Gimpo turun drastis, sok sanajan masih kaasup salah sahiji bandara pangsibukna ogé. Sedengkeun, Bandara Internasional Inchéon geus jadi puseur transportasi gedé keur Asia Wétan, babarengan jeung [[Bandara Internasional Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]. Inchéon jeung Gimpo kahubungkeun ka Séoul ku jalan raya, tur di antara duanana ku [[Rél Karéta Bandara Internasinal Incheon]], nu nyambung ogé ka Inchéon jalur #1. Gimpo ogé kahubungkeun ku subway (jalur No.&nbsp;5 jeung #9). Rél Karéta Bandara Internasional Inchéon, nu ngahubungkeun ieu bandara sacara langsung ka Stasion Séoul di puseur Séoul, kakara dibuka. Beus ogé mawa panumpang antara bandara Inchéon jeung Gimpo. ==Atikan== {{further|Atikan di Koréa Kidul|Daptar universitas di Seoul}} ===Universitas=== [[File:SNU gate.jpg|left|thumb|[[Universitas Nasional Seoul]]]] Séoul mangrupa tempat mayoritas universitas préstisius di Koréa Kidul, kaasup di antarana [[Universitas Nasional Seoul]], [[Universitas Yonséi]], [[Universitas Koréa]], [[Universitas Sogang]], [[Universitas Sungkyunkwan]], [[Universitas Hanyang]], [[Universitas Chung-Ang]], [[Universitas Dongguk]], [[Universitas Wanoja Éwha]], [[Universitas Atikan Deungeun Hankuk]], [[Universitas Hongik]], [[Universitas Kookmin]], [[Universitas Konkuk]], [[Universitas Kyung Héé]], [[Universitas Kwangwoon]], [[Universitas Atikan Nasional Seoul]], [[Universitas Soongsil]], [[Universit Wanoja Sookmyung]], katut [[Universitas Seoul]]. ===Atikan sekundér=== Atikan diwajibkeun ti kelas 1–10. Murid baris ngaréngsékeun genep taun di sakola dasar, tilu taun di sakola panengah, jeung tilu taun deui di sakola luhur. Sakola sekundér ilaharna nyaratkeun yén muridna maraké seragam. Aya ujian kalulusan sangkan bisa lulus ti sakola luhur sarta loba murid nu baris asup ka tingkat universitas dipénta pikeun nyokot ''[[College Scholastic Ability Test]]'' nu diayakeun unggal Nopémber tapi maranéhanana henteu perlu milu. Séoul mangrupa tempat [[sakola kajuruan]], kaasup tilu sakola luhur sains ([[Hansung Science High School]], [[Sejong Science High School]] jeung [[Seoul Science High School]]), katut genep sakola luhur basa deungeun ([[Daewon Foreign Language High School]], [[Daeil Foreign Language High School]], [[Ewha Girls' Foreign Language High School]], [[Hanyoung Foreign Language High School]], [[Myungduk Foreign Language High School]] jeung [[Seoul Foreign Language High School]]). Kantor Atikan Métropolitan Séoul ngawengku 235 sakola luhur persiapan paguron luhur, 80 sakola magang, 377 sakola panengah, katut 33 sakola atikan husus taun 2009. ==Hubungan mancanagara== Séoul mangrupa anggota [[Jajaring Kota Gedé 21 di Asia]] katut [[Kelompok Kapamingpinan Iklim Dayeuh C40]]. {{See also|Daptar kota kembar katut kota baraya di Koréa Kidul}} ===Kota kembar – Kota baraya=== <div class="noprint"> {| class="wikitable collapsible" |- ! colspan="3"|Séoul's [[Kota kembar katut kota baraya]] Séoul di sakuliah dunya:<ref name="Seoul twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=6 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325052520/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=6 |archivedate=2012-03-25 |title=Seoul – Sister Cities [via WayBackMachine] |accessdate=2013-08-23 |work=Seoul Metropolitan Government (archived 2012-04-25) }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325052520/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=6 |date=2012-03-25 }}</ref><ref name="Seoul twinnings2">{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities|accessdate=26 January 2008|work=Seoul Metropolitan Government|publisher=www.seoul.go.kr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|archivedate=10 December 2007}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html |date=10 December 2007 }}</ref> |- {|style="width:100%" |- | style="width:33.3%;"| * {{flagicon|IRN}} [[Téhéran]], [[Iran]] (1963)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=wQiJ3vBJfvQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=New Economic Spaces in Asian Cities: From Industrial Restructuring to the Cultural Turn |publisher=Routledge and the Taylor & Francis Group |year=2012 |accessdate=2013-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://atlas.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=252 |title=Atlas of Tehran Metropolis |publisher=Tehran Municipality |date= |accessdate=2013-10-14 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009221306/http://atlas.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=252 |date=2018-10-09 }}</ref> * {{flagicon|ROC}} [[Taipéi]], [[Taiwan]] (1968)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/><ref name="Taipei sisters">[http://www.edunet.taipei.gov.tw/attach/The%2045%20Sister%20Cities%20list.doc Taipei Sister city list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023801/http://www.edunet.taipei.gov.tw/attach/The%2045%20Sister%20Cities%20list.doc |date=2014-04-10 }} Taipei City Council</ref> * {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Ankara]], [[Turki]] (1971)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Honolulu]], [[Amérika Serikat]] (1973)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[San Francisco]], [[Amérika Serikat]] (1976)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|BRA}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] (1977)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/><ref name="São Paulo twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cadlem/secretarias/negocios_juridicos/cadlem/integra.asp?alt=11072007L%20144710000|title=Pesquisa de Legislação Municipal – No 14471|accessdate=2013-08-23|work=Prefeitura da Cidade de São Paulo [Municipality of the City of São Paulo]|language=Portuguese|trans_title=Research Municipal Legislation – No 14471|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018123138/http://www3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cadlem/secretarias/negocios_juridicos/cadlem/integra.asp?alt=11072007L%20144710000|archivedate=2011-10-18}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018123138/http://www3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cadlem/secretarias/negocios_juridicos/cadlem/integra.asp?alt=11072007L%20144710000 |date=2011-10-18 }}</ref><ref name="São Paulo WikiSource">[http://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/Lei_Municipal_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_14471_de_2007 Lei Municipal de São Paulo 14471 de 2007] WikiSource {{pt icon}}</ref> * {{flagicon|COL}} [[Bogota]], [[Kolombia]] (1982)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]] (1984)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> || * {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Tokyo]], [[Jepang]] (1988)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moskow]], [[Rusia]] (1991)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|AUS}} [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]n state (1991)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris]], [[Perancis]] (1991)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mexico City]], [[Méksiko]] (1992)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Béijing]], [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok]] (1993)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|MNG}} [[Ulaanbaatar]], [[Mongolia]] (1995)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Hanoi]], [[Viétnam]] (1996)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> || * {{flagicon|POL}} [[Warsawa]], [[Polandia]] (1996)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Kairo]], [[Mesir]] (1997)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roma]], [[Itali]] (2000)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Astana]], [[Kazakhstan]] (2004)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Amérika Serikat]] (2006)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Aténa]], [[Yunan]] (2006)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> * {{flagicon|THA}} [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] (2006)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/><ref name="BMA sister cities">{{cite web|url=http://iad.bangkok.go.th/en/list|title=Relationship with Sister Cities|author=International Affairs Division|work=International Affairs Division website|publisher=International Affairs Division, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration|accessdate=12 September 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611230221/http://iad.bangkok.go.th/en/list |date=11 June 2016 }}</ref> * {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbékistan]] (2010)<ref name="Seoul twinnings"/> |} ==Tempo ogé== {{Portal|Koréa}} * [[Géografi Koréa Kidul]] * [[Daptar kota di Koréa Kidul]] * [[Daptar jejer nu patali jeung Koréa]] * [[Walikota Seoul]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Tutumbu kaluar== {{Wiktionary|Seoul}} ===Loka resmi=== {{commons|Seoul}} {{Wikivoyage}} * [http://english.seoul.go.kr/ Seoul Metropolitan Government] * [http://opengov.seoul.go.kr/ Seoul Information & Communication Plaza] ===Informasi pelesir katut tempat cicing=== * [http://www.visitseoul.net/ i Tour Seoul]&nbsp;– The Official Séoul Tourism Guide Site * [http://www.youtube.com/visitseoul VisitSeoul]&nbsp;– The Official Séoul Tourism Guide YouTube Channel * [http://www.theseoulguide.com/ Seoul Travel Guide]&nbsp;– Travel information for visitors to Séoul ====Peta==== * [http://maps.visitseoul.net/index.jsp?lang=eng Seoul Map Browser] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126101418/http://maps.visitseoul.net/index.jsp?lang=eng |date=2011-01-26 }} (from Séoul Metropolitan Government web site) * [http://www.seoulmetro.co.kr/station/eng/linemap.action Seoul subway map] ===Poto=== * [http://www.seoulsnapshots.com/ Seoul Snapshots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110182715/http://seoulsnapshots.com/ |date=2016-01-10 }} * [http://www.lovely-seoul.jimdo.com/ Pictures of Seoul] * [http://seoulstreetart.com/ Seoul Street Art & Graffiti] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222032809/http://www.seoulstreetart.com/ |date=2015-02-22 }} {{S-start}} {{Succession box|title=[[Capital of Korea|Capital of Baekje]]| before=|after=[[Gongju|Ungjin]]|years=18 BC–475 AD}} {{Succession box|title=[[Capital of Korea]]| before=[[Kaesong|Gaegyeong]]|after=Abolished|years=}} {{Succession box|title=[[Capital of Korea|Capital of South Korea]]| before=New creation|after=Incumbent|years=1948–}} {{S-end}} {{Navboxes |title = Artikel nu patali jeung Seoul |list = {{Districts of Seoul}} {{Neighbourhoods of Seoul}} {{Regions and administrative divisions of South Korea}} {{Metropolitan cities of South Korea}} {{World's most populated urban areas}} {{List of Asian capitals by region}} {{Olympic Summer Games Host Cities}} {{Paralympic Summer Games Host Cities}} {{Asian Games Host Cities}} {{G-20 leaders' summits}} {{Seoul landmarks}} {{ABU Radio Song Festival}} {{ABU TV Song Festival}} }} |} [[Kategori:Seoul| ]] [[Kategori:Ibukota di Asia]] r6g4j5iwk78bs9igspmyqynd9s1qflp Narji 0 43586 729233 678046 2026-09-26T18:33:37Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = Narji | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|8|10}} | birth_place = [[Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonesia]] | birth_name = Sunarji<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5884776/narji-buka-suara-pilih-pks-bukan-demokrat-bukan-prank|title=Narji Buka Suara Pilih PKS Bukan Demokrat: Bukan Prank!|work=Detik.com|access-date=8 Mei 2023|author=Khairul Ma'arif|date=5 Januari 2022}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509153846/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5884776/narji-buka-suara-pilih-pks-bukan-demokrat-bukan-prank |date=2023-05-09 }}</ref> | othername = | death_date = | death_place = | years_active = 1997 - ayeuna | occupation = [[Artis]], [[Presenter]], [[Politikus]] | religion = [[Islam]] | alma_mater = [[Universitas Negeri Jakarta]] | spouse = Widiyanti | nationality = [[Indonesia]] | partner = | children = | parents = }} {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} '''Sunarji''' leuwih dipikawanohna mah '''Narji''' ({{lahirmati|[[Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah]]|10|8|1977}}) nyaéta saurang palawak anu ténar liwat grup lawak [[Cagur]].<ref name="gatra">[http://www.gatra.com/entertainmen/apa-siapa/145575-grup-lawak-cagur-bubar.html Grup Lawak Cagur Bubas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601043248/http://www.gatra.com/entertainmen/apa-siapa/145575-grup-lawak-cagur-bubar.html |date=2015-06-01 }} Diaksés tanggal 06 September 2015</ref><ref name="kl">[http://kapanlagi.com/indonesia/n/narji/ Narji] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423160503/http://www.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/n/narji/ |date=2015-04-23 }} Diaksés tanggal 6 September 2015</ref> Grup lawak ieu dijejeran ku Narji, [[Wendy Cagur]] jeung [[Denny Cagur]], anu mimiti midang dina program-program bodoran di stasiun tipi [[TPI]], salah sahijina acara ''Chatting''.<ref name="gatra"/> Narji nikah jeung Widiyanti anu saurang pramugari dina tanggal 10 Pébruari 2008, akadna di [[Pekalongan]], [[Jawa Tengah]], sedengkeun résépsina di [[Jakarta]].<ref name="kl"/> ==Karir== Karir munggaranna ditaratas jeung grup bodor Cagur.<ref name="gatra"/> Narji sorangan dipiwanoh ku masarakat luyu jeung suksésna Cagur minangka salah sahiji grup bodor pang-ngetopna.<ref name="gatra"/> Kiwari, lian jadi palawak, Narji sok midang minangka pamawa calagara jeung présénter.<ref name="kl"/> Narji kungsi midang jadi Panglima Perang Républik BBM dina acara Républik BBM di [[Indosiar]]. Narji ogé kungsi jadi béntang tamu dina sitkom OB.<ref name="kl"/> Ari pilem munggaranna nyaéta [[Pijat Atas Tekan Bawah]].<ref name="kl"/> Di pilem ieu, Narji kudu merankeun saurang gay.<ref name="kl"/> ==Filmografi== ===Pilem=== *Pijat Atas Tekan Bawah (2009)<ref name="kl"/> ===Vidio Klip=== *Cari Jodoh - [[Wali Band]]<ref name="kl"/> ==Rujukan== <references/> [[Kategori:Tukang bodor]] 4mkwvlo4h3fcy2pj60013vm0wfq177y Rubén Onsu 0 43587 729282 712238 2026-09-26T22:06:37Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = Ruben Onsu | image = | caption = | birthname = Ruben Samuel Onsu | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|8|15}} | birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] | baptised = | disappeared_date = | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | burial_place = | burial_coordinates = | monuments = | nationality = [[Indonesia]] | othername = Bensu | siglum = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Artis]], [[Panyanyi]], [[Pangusaha]], [[Pelawak]], [[Presenter]] | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source --> | known_for = | notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" --> | style = | net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | television = | title = <!-- Formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) --> | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charges = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = {{marriage|[[Sarwendah Tan|Sarwendah]]|22 October 2013|2024|reason=divorced}} | partner = | children = {{Plainlist| * [[Thalia Putri Onsu]] * Thania Putri Onsu * [[Betrand Putra Onsu]] (angkat) }} | parents = | mother = Helmiah Chalifah | father = Johanes Abraham Onsu | relatives = | family = {{Plainlist| * Ribka Samaria (kakak) * [[Jordi Onsu]] (adik) }} | callsign = | awards = | website = | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''Ruben Samuel Onsu''' leuwih dipikawanohna mah '''Ruben Onsu''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|15|8|1983}}) nyaéta saurang [[presenter]], [[aktor]], [[panyanyi]], ogé tukang ngabodor.<ref name="kl">[http://kapanlagi.com/indonesia/r/ruben_onsu/ Ruben Onsu] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Diaksés tanggal 6 September 2015</ref> Mimiti ténarna mah sanggeus mawakeun acara [[Rumpi]].{{fact}} Ruben Onsu kungsi milu maén dina [[Lénong Bocah]] taun 1990 an.<ref name="kl"/> Ruben Onsu nikah jeung Sarwendah di [[Bali]] tanggal 22 Oktober 2013.<ref name="tabbintang">[http://www.tabloidbintang.com/articles/berita/polah/22835-selamat-ruben-onsusarwendah-dikaruniai-seorang-anak-perempuan Selamat Ruben Onsu Sarwendah Dikaruniai Seorang Anak Perempuan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607194347/http://www.tabloidbintang.com/articles/berita/polah/22835-selamat-ruben-onsusarwendah-dikaruniai-seorang-anak-perempuan |date=2015-06-07 }} Diaksés tanggal 6 September 2015</ref> Tuluy dipaparin anak awéwé dina tanggal 6 Méi 2015 anu dingaranan Thalia Putri Onsu.<ref name="tabbintang"/><ref>[http://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/06/05/142810/istri-ruben-onsu-melahirkan Istri Ruben Onsu Melahirkan] Diaksés tanggal 6 September 2015</ref> ==Karir== Ruben Onsu ngamimitian karirna di [[Lénong Bocah]], tuluy icikibung dina dunya [[présénter]].<ref name="kl"/> Acara anu pernah dilakonanana téh di antarana [[Supersoulmate Show]], [[Infotainment Pagi Kiss]] di [[Indosiar]], [[Weekend Seru]], [[Cari-Cari Pacar]], [[Belum Cukup Gede]], jeung [[Happy Family]].<ref name="kl"/> Taun 2008, Ruben Onsu kungsi milu ngarojong [[pilem]] [[Anda Puas, Saya Loyo]].<ref name="kl"/> Saméméhna ogé maén dina [[pilem]] [[Tina Toon jeung Lenong Bocah The Movie]] (2004). Lian ti éta, manéhna ogé medalkeun alabum munggaran nu témana ''Kak Ruben Bersama Sanggar Ananda'' dina taun 2008.<ref name="kl"/> Dina acara [[Panasonic Award]] ka 12 nu diayakeun dina tanggal 27 Maret 2009, Ruben Onsu jad jawara dina katégori Présénter réality Show.<ref name="kl"/> Lian ti éta, masih kénéh loba prestasi nu geus diraih ku manéhna.<ref name="kl"/> ==Sinématografi== ===Pilem=== * [[Tina Toon dan Lenong Bocah The Movie]] (2004)<ref name="kl"/> * [[Anda Puas, Saya Loyo]] (2008)<ref name="kl"/> * [[Pijat Atas Tekan Bawah]] (2009)<ref name="kl"/> ===Sinétron=== * [[Supergirl]] ===Acara Bodor=== * [[Lenong Bocah]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Tawa Sutra]]<ref name="kl"/> ===Pamawa calagara=== * [[Rumpi]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Empat Mata]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Mamamia]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Santapan Nusantara]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Kuis Siapa Berani]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Supermama Selebconcert]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[The Master]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Superstar Show]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Indonesian Idol]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Superseleb Show]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Who Wants to be a Millionaire?]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Metro Xin Wen]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Supersoulmate Show]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Sergap]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Derap Hukum]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Belum Cukup Gede]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Weekend Seru]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Cari-Cari Pacar]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Happy Family]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Insert]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Kiss Pagi]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Super Twin]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Ceriwis]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[DuaRR]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Ranking 1]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[On The Spot]]<ref name="kl"/> * [[Viva Dangdut Mania]]<ref name="kl"/> ==Rujukan== <references/> [[Kategori:Panyanyi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Aktor Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tukang bodor]] 67vktlxi1ucge5x0xdrqtowdm0ljibu Uppsala 0 43600 729337 658557 2026-09-27T01:50:58Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|kota di Swédia|kagunaan lian|Uppsala (disambiguasi)}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Uppsala |coordinates_region = SE |pushpin_map = Swédia |imagesize = |image_skyline = |image_caption = |image_shield = Uppsala kommunvapen - Riksarkivet Sverige.png |subdivision_type = Nagara |subdivision_name = [[Swédia]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Munisipalitas di Swédia|Munisipalitas]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Munisipalitas Uppsala]] |subdivision_type2 = [[County di Swédia|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[County Uppsala]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Propinsi di Swédia|Propinsi]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Uppland]] |area_footnotes =<ref name=scb>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01Z/01_Localities2010_land_area_pop_density_2005_2010.xls |title=Localities 2010, area, population and density in localities 2005 and 2010 and change in area and population |date=29 May 2012 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140455/http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01Z/01_Localities2010_land_area_pop_density_2005_2010.xls |archivedate=24 September 2015 |deadurl=no |accessdate=9 June 2015}}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 48.79 |population_as_of = 31 Désémber 2010 |population_footnotes =<ref name=scb/> |population_total = 140454 |population_metro = 187541 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_demonym =Uppsalabo, uppsaliensare |timezone = [[Wanci Éropa Tengah|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Wanci Usum Panas Éropa Tengah|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |coordinates_display = display=inline, title |latd=59 |latm=51 |lats=29 |latNS=N |longd=17 |longm=38 |longs=41 |longEW=E |elevation_m = 15 |postal_code_type = Kode pos |postal_code = 75x xxx |area_code = +46(0) 18 |website = {{URL|http://www.uppsala.se/}} }} '''Uppsala''' ({{IPA-sv|ˈɵpːˈsɑːla|pron|Sv-Uppsala.ogg}}; éjahan heubeulna ''Upsala'') nyaéta ibu kota [[County Uppsala]] tur mangrupa [[Kota di Swédia|kota]] kaopat panggedéna di [[Swéden]], sanggeus [[Stockholm]], [[Gothenburg]] katut [[Malmö]]. Baga 140,454 pangeusi taun 2010.<ref name=scb/><!-- Please do not change the figures to the population for Uppsala kommun; this article is about the town, not the municipality --> Perenahna {{convert|71|km|0|abbr=on}} béh kaléreun ibu kota [[Stockholm]], mangrupa tempat [[Munisipalitas Uppsala]]. Ti taun 1164, Uppsala geus jadi puseur [[kagaréjaan]] di Swédia, jadi tempat [[Uskup Agung Uppsala|Uskup Ageung]] [[Garéja di Swédia]]. Ngadeg taun 1477, [[Universitas Uppsala]] mangrupa puseur atikan luhur pangkolotna di [[Skandinavia]]. == Sajarah == [[File:Charta öfwer Upsala stad no II.jpg|thumb|right|Peta Uppsala ti taun 1770]] [[File:Utsikt av Uppsala med domkyrka, Elias Martin. Malmö museum.JPG|thumb|right|Uppsala dina abad ka-18]]<!-- Uppsala was originally located a few kilometres to the north, at a location now known as [[Gamla Uppsala]] (''Old Uppsala''). Today's Uppsala was then called ''Östra Aros''. (Old) Uppsala was, according to medieval writer [[Adam of Bremen]], the main [[paganism|pagan]] centre of Sweden, and the [[Temple at Uppsala]] contained magnificent idols of the [[Æsir]] gods.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hbar.phys.msu.su/gorm/chrons/bremen.htm#descrip |title=Descriptio Insularum Aquilonis |page=26 |language=latin |author=[[Adam of Bremen]] |date=11th century |accessdate=15 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://runeberg.org/adamafbrem/0234.htm |title=Adam af Bremen om Menigheden i Norden under Erkesædet i Bremen og Hamborg (788–1072) |page=194 |language=danish |author=P. W. Christensen |year=1862 |publisher=Karl Schønbergs Forlag |accessdate=15 January 2012}}</ref> As a replacement for the Scandinavian gods, Uppsala was made into a strong Christian centre. A bishop was soon consecrated, and in 1164 Uppsala was made into an [[archdiocese]], with [[Stefan (archbishop of Uppsala)|Stefan]], a monk from [[Alvastra Abbey]], being consecrated the first [[Archbishop of Uppsala]] and [[primate (bishop)|primate]] of Sweden. The present-day Uppsala was at that time known as ''Östra Aros'' and was a port town of Gamla Uppsala. In 1274, Östra Aros overtook Gamla Uppsala as the main regional centre, and when the cathedral of Gamla Uppsala burnt down, the archbishopric was moved to Östra Aros, where the impressive [[Uppsala Cathedral]] was erected; it was inaugurated in 1435. The cathedral is built in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style and is one of the largest in northern Europe, with towers reaching 118.70 metres. Uppsala is the site of the oldest university in Scandinavia, founded in 1477. [[Carl Linnaeus|Carolus Linnaeus]], one of the renowned scholars of [[Uppsala University]], lived in the city for many years, and both his house and garden can still be visited. Uppsala is also the site of the 16th century [[Uppsala Castle]].<ref>http://www.uu.se/en/node97</ref> {{anchor|1702 fire}}The city was severely damaged by a fire in 1702. Historical and cultural treasures were also lost, as in many Swedish cities, from demolitions during the 1960s and 1970s, but many historic buildings remain, especially in the western part of the city. The arms with the lion can be traced from 1737. It has been modernized several times since, most recently in 1986. The meaning of the lion is not certain but is likely connected to the royal lion, also depicted on the [[Coat of Arms of Sweden]]. == Geography == [[File:Buss i Stora Torget, Uppsala.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Stora Torget (town square), the building in the background is the Nordbankshuset]] Situated on the fertile Uppsala [[flatlands]] of muddy soil, the city features the small Fyris River ([[Fyrisån]]) flowing through the landscape surrounded by lush vegetation. Parallel to the river runs the [[Esker|glacial ridge]] of Uppsalaåsen at an elevation of circa 30 metres, the site of Uppsala's castle, from which large parts of the town can be seen. The central park ''Stadsskogen'' (literally "Town Forest") stretches from the south far into town, with opportunities for recreation for many residential areas within walking distance. Only some {{convert|70|km|0|abbr=on}} or 40 minutes by train from the capital, many Uppsala residents work in [[Stockholm]]. The train to [[Stockholm-Arlanda Airport]] takes only 17 minutes, rendering the city easily accessible by air. The commercial centre of Uppsala is quite compact. The city has a distinct [[town and gown]] divide with clergy, royalty and academia historically residing on the river's western shore, somewhat separated from the rest of the city, and the ensemble of cathedral, castle and university buildings has remained mostly undisturbed until today. While some beautiful buildings remain on the periphery of the central core, retail commercial activity is geographically focused on a small number of blocks around the pedestrianized streets and main square on the eastern side of the river, an area that was subject to a large-scale metamorphosis during the economically booming years in the 1960s in particular. During recent decades, a significant part of retail commercial activity has shifted to shopping malls and stores situated in the outskirts of the city. Meanwhile, the built-up areas have expanded greatly, and some suburbanization has taken place. === Climate === Uppsala lies on the [[59th parallel north]] and has a [[humid continental climate]], with cold winters and warm summers. Due to its northerly location, Uppsala experiences over 18 hours of visible sunshine during the [[summer solstice]], and under six hours of sunshine during the [[winter solstice]]. Even though Uppsala lies so far north on the globe, the winter is not as cold as other cities on similar latitudes, mainly due to the [[Gulf Stream]]. For example, in January Uppsala has a daily mean of -2.7 °C (27.1 °F). In [[Canada]], at the same latitude, [[Fort Smith]] experiences a daily mean of -22.4 °C (-8.3 °F). {{Climate chart | Uppsala, Sweden | −5.6 | -0.3 | 39 | −6.2 | 0.1 | 30 | −3.3 | 3.8 | 33 | 0.4 | 10.1 | 32 | 5.1 | 16.4 | 39 | 9.4 | 19.8 | 61 | 12.5 | 22.7 | 65 | 11.5 | 21.2 | 74 | 7.3 | 15.9 | 52 | 3.3 | 9.7 | 53 | −0.8 | 4.0 | 53 | −4.4 | 0.7 | 46 |float = left |clear = none |source = http://celsius.met.uu.se/default.aspx?pageid=24 | celsius.met.uu.se }} When it comes to record temperatures, the difference between the highest and lowest is quite big. Uppsala’s highest recorded temperature was 37.4 °C (99.3 °F), recorded in July 1933.<ref>http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/temperaturrekord-i-stockholm-och-uppsala-1.4735</ref> On the same day [[Ultuna]], which lies a few kilometres south of the centre of Uppsala, recorded a temperature of 38 °C (100.4 °F). This is the highest temperature ever recorded in the [[Scandinavian Peninsula]], although the same temperature was recorded in [[Målilla]], Sweden 14 years later. Uppsala’s lowest temperature was recorded in January 1875, when the temperature dropped to -39.5 °C (-39.1 °F). The second lowest temperature recorded is -33.1 °C (-27.6 °F), which makes the record one of the hardest to beat, due to the fact that temperatures in Uppsala nowadays rarely goes below -30 °C (-22 °F). The difference between the two records is 76.9 °C (138.4 °F). The warmest month ever recorded is July 1914, with a daily mean of 21.4 °C (70.5 °F). Since 2002 Uppsala has experienced five months where the daily mean was 20 °C (68 °F) or warmer, the most recent in July 2014 when the daily mean was 20.5 °C (68.9 °F). The coldest month ever recorded is January 1814, when the daily mean was -14.9 °C (5.2 °F). Between January 1814 and January 1987, Uppsala experienced 23 months that was colder than -10 °C (14 °F). Since February 1987, the coldest month recorded is -8.6 °C (16.5 °F). The warmest year ever recorded was 2014, with an average temperature of 8.1 °C (46.6 °F). The second warmest is 2011, with 7.8 °C (46 °F). Since 1991, Uppsala has recorded 12 years with an average temperature of 7 °C (44.6 °F) or warmer. The coldest year ever recorded was 1867, with an average temperature of 2.5 °C (36.5 °F). 1987 was the last year Uppsala recorded a year with an average temperature below 5 °C (41 °F). The climate table below presents weather data from the years 1981-2010. According to ongoing measurements, the temperature has increased during the years 1981-2010 as compared with the 1951-1980 series. This increase is on an annual basis around 0.9 °C. Warming is most pronounced during the winter and spring months. January, February and March are the months that has had the most pronouncing increase in temperature, with each month increasing 1.5 °C or more. The only month that didn’t get warmer is June, which got 0.3 °C colder. During the 20th century Uppsala has warmed drastically, especially the winter months. If compared to the period 1861-1890, the annual increase in temperature is 1.8 °C. March is the month with the biggest increase, where the temperature has increased more than 3 °C since the latter parts of the 19th century. Winter normally arrives in late November, and last until the middle of March when spring arrives. Summer usually arrives in the middle of May, and last until late September when autumn arrives.<ref>http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/arstider-1.1082</ref> Precipitation is most common between June and November, in all these months it falls 50 mm (2.0 in) or more on average. August receives most precipitation with 74 mm (2.9 in). Between January and May precipitation levels fall a bit, with all months receiving less than 40 mm (1.6 in) on average. Annual precipitation is 576 mm (22.6 in). Rainfall can occur all year round, although it is less common in January and February. Snowfall mainly occurs between November and March. Snowfall in October and April can happen from time to time, but not every year. During the night between 30th of April and 1st of May 2014 it fell approximately 15 cm (5.9 in) of snow in Uppsala, the first recorded snowfall in May since 1981. {{Weather box |location = Uppsala, Sweden (1981–2010 normals) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 10.7 |Feb record high C = 11.9 |Mar record high C = 17.4 |Apr record high C = 26.8 |May record high C = 32.8 |Jun record high C = 34.5 |Jul record high C = 37.4 |Aug record high C = 34.3 |Sep record high C = 27.8 |Oct record high C = 22.0 |Nov record high C = 14.3 |Dec record high C = 12.4 |year record high C = 37.4 |Jan high C = -0.3 |Feb high C = 0.1 |Mar high C = 3.8 |Apr high C = 10.1 |May high C = 16.4 |Jun high C = 19.8 |Jul high C = 22.7 |Aug high C = 21.2 |Sep high C = 15.9 |Oct high C = 9.7 |Nov high C = 4.0 |Dec high C = 0.7 |year high C = 10.4 |Jan mean C = -2.7 |Feb mean C = -2.8 |Mar mean C = 0.2 |Apr mean C = 5.2 |May mean C = 10.9 |Jun mean C = 14.7 |Jul mean C = 17.7 |Aug mean C = 16.2 |Sep mean C = 11.4 |Oct mean C = 6.5 |Nov mean C = 1.8 |Dec mean C = -1.7 |year mean C = 6.5 |Jan low C = -5.6 |Feb low C = -6.2 |Mar low C = -3.3 |Apr low C = 0.4 |May low C = 5.1 |Jun low C = 9.4 |Jul low C = 12.5 |Aug low C = 11.5 |Sep low C = 7.3 |Oct low C = 3.3 |Nov low C = -0.8 |Dec low C = -4.4 |year low C = 2.5 |Jan record low C = -39.5 |Feb record low C = -30.9 |Mar record low C = -32.1 |Apr record low C = -22.4 |May record low C = -11.8 |Jun record low C = -4.1 |Jul record low C = -1.0 |Aug record low C = -0.9 |Sep record low C = -5.2 |Oct record low C = -16.2 |Nov record low C = -23.6 |Dec record low C = -28.2 |year record low C = -39.5 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 39.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 29.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 32.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 31.7 |May precipitation mm = 38.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 61.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 65.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 73.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 52.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 53.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 52.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 45.6 |year precipitation mm = 575.6 |Jan snow cm = 26 |Feb snow cm = 18 |Mar snow cm = 18 |Apr snow cm = 7 |May snow cm = 1 |Jun snow cm = 0 |Jul snow cm = 0 |Aug snow cm = 0 |Sep snow cm = 0 |Oct snow cm = 1 |Nov snow cm = 13 |Dec snow cm = 24 |year snow cm = 108 |Jan humidity = 87 |Feb humidity = 85 |Mar humidity = 79 |Apr humidity = 70 |May humidity = 66 |Jun humidity = 69 |Jul humidity = 71 |Aug humidity = 76 |Sep humidity = 81 |Oct humidity = 86 |Nov humidity = 90 |Dec humidity = 90 |year humidity = 79 |Jan sun = 44.8 |Feb sun = 82.9 |Mar sun = 118.6 |Apr sun = 190.8 |May sun = 283.2 |Jun sun = 248.1 |Jul sun = 269.0 |Aug sun = 203.2 |Sep sun = 155.1 |Oct sun = 97.9 |Nov sun = 48.0 |Dec sun = 33.0 |year sun = 1774.9 |source 1=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://celsius.met.uu.se/default.aspx?pageid=24 |title=Uppsala Universitet – Instutitionen för geovetenskaper|= }}</ref> |date=June 2014 }} == Demographics == {{Empty section|date=December 2014}} == Economy == Today Uppsala is well established in medical research and recognized for its leading position in [[biotechnology]]. *Abbott Medical Optics (AMO) *[[GE Healthcare]] *[[Pfizer]] (see [[Pharmacia]]) *[[Phadia]], an offshoot of Pharmacia, now a part of [[Thermo Fisher Scientific]] *[[Fresenius SE|Fresenius]] *Q-Med (bioscience) *Biotage *[[St Jude Medical]] *Skandion Kliniken, [[proton therapy]] center == Higher education == === Universities === *[[Uppsala University]]. Founded in 1477, under bishop [[Jakob Ulvsson]]. Closed in 1515. Officially reopened in 1595, following the [[Uppsala Synod]] in 1593. The university has a famous [[anatomical theatre]], constructed by the scientist and [[polymath]] [[Olof Rudbeck]] (1630–1702), in the old university building [[Gustavianum]]. The building is now a museum. The university has 13 student fraternities, known as "nations", each traditionally representing a geographical region of Sweden. *[[Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences]] (SLU, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, main campus). === Other higher education === * [[Johannelunds Teologiska Högskola]]. A Lutheran theological seminary established in 1862, located in Uppsala since 1970. * The [[Newman Institute (Uppsala)|Newman Institute]]. A Catholic institution founded in 2001. * [[Pingströrelsens teologiska seminarium]]. A Pentecostal theological seminary, which does not have [[Educational accreditation|accreditation]] from the Swedish [[National Agency for Higher Education]] and cannot confer Swedish academic degrees. == Museums and sights == [[File:Botaniska trädgården, Uppsala II.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Botaniska trädgården (Uppsala)|The Botanical Garden]] at Uppsala Castle.]] The Fyris river (Fyrisån) neatly divides the city into two different parts: the historic quarter to the west of the river and the modern administrative, residential and commercial city centre to the east. Most of the historical sights and university buildings are in the western part, with a medieval street layout, river views and parks and dominated by the cathedral. The most outstanding building in Uppsala is the ''Domkyrka'' ([[Uppsala Cathedral]]), Scandinavia's largest church building ({{convert|118.70|m|2|abbr=on}} high). Together with Uppsala Castle it has dominated Uppsala's skyline since its construction in the 13th century and can be seen from a long distance outside the city, other tall buildings being rare. Facing the west end of the cathedral is the ''[[Gustavianum]]'', built in 1625 to be the main building of the University, and served as such through most of the 19th century. It contains the Museum of Nordic Antiquities, the Victoria Museum (of Egyptian antiquities) and the University's cultural history collections. It also houses a perfectly preserved 17th-century anatomical theatre (used in its time for public dissections). Next to Gustavianum is the 18th century [[Archbishop's Palace, Uppsala|Archbishop's Palace]], the official residence of the Lutheran [[Archbishop of Uppsala]] and the primate of the Church of Sweden. Across the street from the Gustavianum in the University Park stands the [[University Hall (Uppsala University)|University Hall]], erected in 1879–86 in Italian [[Renaissance architecture|renaissance style]]. The [[Uppsala University Coin Cabinet]] is located in the university main building. [[File:Uppsala slott-2.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Uppsala Castle]]]] Not far from the University stands the [[Uppsala University Library]] (''Carolina Rediviva''), the largest library in Sweden, with over 5 million volumes and some 60,000 manuscripts. The building was built in 1820–41. On a circa 35-metre high hill to the southwest of the University Library stands ''[[Uppsala Castle]]''. Its construction was initiated in 1549 by King [[Gustav Vasa]], founder of the [[House of Vasa|Vasa royal dynasty]]. Today the castle holds several museums, among them the regional art museum, and is the residence of the [[List of Uppsala Governors|Uppsala County Governor]] (''landshövding''). There are several [[botanical garden|botanical museums]] in Uppsala related to the world-famous 18th century botanist and zoologist [[Carl Linnaeus]]; the [[Botaniska trädgården (Uppsala)|Botanic Garden]] next to the castle, the [[Linnaean Garden]] in the city centre, and [[Linnaeus Hammarby]], Linnaeus' summer house in the countryside village of Danmarks Hammarby south of the city. {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=off}} north of Uppsala city lies ''[[Gamla Uppsala]]'' (Old Uppsala), the location of the pre-Christian settlement of Uppsala which later provided the new name for the medieval settlement further south. There are few remains, with the exception of several huge burial mounds of pre-Christian monarchs and the previous cathedral from 1164 A.D., traditionally said to be built over the old [[Temple at Uppsala|heathen temple]] (and recent archaeological investigations seems to support this notion). The site was a major religious centre in Scandinavia in pre-Christian times. After the old cathedral church burned down around 1240 it was only partially restored to a more modest size as it no longer was the seat of the Archbishop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raa.se/cms/extern/se_och_besoka/gamla_uppsala.html |title=Gamla Uppsala – Riksantikvarieämbetet |publisher=Raa.se |date=15 September 2009 |accessdate=11 October 2009}}</ref> The Gamla Uppsala Museum exhibits archeological finds made during excavations in Gamla Uppsala and related finds from other parts of [[Uppland]], as well as exhibitions on the history of the site itself. == Sports == The largest arena in Uppsala is [[Fyrishov]] and is Sweden's fourth most visited, specialized in swimming, sports events, meetings and recreation. The facility includes areas for indoor sports, summer sport and a generous waterpark with waterslides, 50-meter pool, training pool, relaxation area and a large outdoor swimming pool. Accommodation is offered at the Fyrishov cabin area, and at the resort restaurants a good lunch or dinner can be enjoyed. Fyrishov AB's business also includes the operation of Gottsundabadet in which there is a 25-metre pool, a 10-metre children's pool and gym. The entire facility is open all year round and a large number of meetings and various events are held here annually. In addition to activities within the arena Fyrishov AB runs Tävlingsstaden Uppsala in a collaboration between the sports organizers, Fyrishov AB, Uppsala, Uppsala Tourism and hotel business. Co-founded in 2006 by Fyrishov AB under the name SM-town Uppsala in 2007 but was expanded to include international events and competitions at high national level. The project aims to develop Uppsala, a leading sports town in Sweden. In 2009 there were 24 SM-competitions and major national and international competitions in Uppsala. At Fyrishov the city's basketball team [[Uppsala Basket]] also plays, former KFUM Uppsala, their home games in the Swedish basketball league. There are also athletic club Uppsala, Uppsala, fencing club, Uppsala Judo Club, Sweden's oldest judo club, Uppsala volleyball companion, Upsala weightlifting club and [[Upsala Simsällskap]], one of the world's oldest swimmingclubs. The sport that draws the most audience is floorball. Uppsala's two teams in the Swedish Super League, Storvreta IBK and IK Sirius IBK, have Fyrishov as their home. One of the most classical sports events, the [[Swedish bandy champions]] final, has taken place at [[Studenternas IP]] since 1991. It usually attracts a spectator crowd of more than 20,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYyN8q44mX8 |title=Edsbyn Sandviken SM – Final in Upssala |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=9 May 2010}}</ref> Once every year, the Uppsala Union of Science and Engineering Students arrange a river rafting in the Fyris river with rafts built from styrofoam. Other sports clubs located in Uppsala include: * [[Almtuna IS]] * [[Gamla Upsala SK]] * [[IF Vindhemspojkarna]] * [[IK Sirius]] * [[IK Sirius Fotboll]] * [[Unik FK]] * [[Upsala IF]] * [[Uppsala Judoklubb]] * [[Uppsala 86ers American Football]] * Uppsala Fencing Club<ref>http://www.upsalafaktning.se/</ref> --> == Urang asli nu kasohor == [[File:Carl von Linné.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Carolus Linnaeus]], élmuwan]] *[[Anders Jonas Ångström]] (1814–1874), fisikawan *[[Svante Arrhenius]] (1859–1927), élmuwan *[[Ingmar Bergman]] (1918–2007), sutradara *[[Jöns Jakob Berzelius]] *[[Hans Blix]] *[[Arvid Carlsson]] *[[Anders Celsius]] (1701–1744), astronome *[[Adiam Dymott]] *[[Lars Edlund]] (1922–2013), komposer *[[Ulf Ekman]], pastor *[[Stefan Eriksson]] *[[E-Type (musician)|Martin Eriksson]] musisi E-Type *[[Malena Ernman]] *[[Torsten Hallman]], mantan juara dunya [[motocross]] *[[Lars Hollmer]] *[[Dag Hammarskjöld]] *[[Mattias Klum]] *[[Carl-Bertil Laurell]] *[[Dave Lepard]] (1980–2006), musisi *[[Bruno Liljefors]], pelukis *[[Ruben Liljefors]] *[[Viveca Lindfors]] (1920–1995), aktris *[[Carl Linnaeus|Carolus Linnaeus]] (1707–1778), élmuwan *[[Andreas Lundstedt]], penyanyi *[[Veronica Maggio]] *[[Jan Mårtenson]] *[[Håkan Nesser]] *[[Stefan Parkman]] *[[Emma Rendel]] (1976–), artis *[[Hans Rosling]] *[[Olaus Rudbeckius]] *[[Dina Schneidermann]] *[[Roine Stolt]] *[[Owe Thörnqvist]] *[[Rebecka Törnqvist]] *[[Watain]], band black metal *[[Magnus Hellberg]], pamaén hockey AHL *[[Hillevi Rombin]], Miss Sweden 1955, Miss Universe 1955 Lian ti éta, Arrhenius, Bergman, Blix, Carlsson, Celsius, Dymott, Erikssons, Hallman, Klum, Laurell, Liljeforses, Parkman, Rosling, Stolt, Dave Lepard, Thörnqvist katut Törnqvist babar di Uppsala. == Rujukan== * [[Christine Daaé]] dina [[The Phantom of the Opera]] [[Gaston Leroux]] lahir di Uppsala. * Séri buku barudak [[Gösta Knutsson]] [[Pelle Svanslös]] disét di Uppsala. * Novel [[Stieg Larsson]] [[The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo]], Richard, Harald, katut Greger [[Vanger]] kuliah di Uppsala nalika maranéhna ngawangun afiliasi Nazi. * Uppsala disebut dina laguna band [[musik heavy metal|heavy metal]] [[Rebellion (band)|Rebellion]] "Sweden". * Dina sérial TV Kanada-Irlandia keur Saluran Sajarah "The Vikings", Uppsala dianjangan ku Ragnar Lothbrok katut rombongananan keur ngaguar pamujaan ka Déwa Aésir sarta ngorbankeun manusa keur minuhan paméntana. Dina ieu kadatangan, Lothbrok tepung jeung Raja Horik ti Uppsala. * Dina novel [[Brad Thor]] [[Full Black]], Scot Harvath mingpin tim di Uppsala keur ngintélan sarta nyerek pamingpin jajaring téroris. == Tempo ogé == * [[Uppsala Municipality]] – Uppsala "kommun" * [[Upsala-Lenna Jernväg]] * [[Gamla Uppsala]] – Old Uppsala in Norse mythology * [[Temple at Uppsala]] – The Temple of Old Uppsala in Norse Mythology * [[History of Uppland]] * [[UppCon]] – One of Scandinavia's biggest youth events * [[Fyrishov]] – Fyrishov Water Park * [[Upsala Nya Tidning]] – Newspaper for Uppsala city and county * [[Uppsalatidningen]] – Free local newspaper * [[Upplands Lokaltrafik]] – operator of local public transport * [[Ärna]] – Uppsala airport * [[+46 18|Area code 018]] * [[Disting]] * [[Upsala College]] – Former private college in [[East Orange, New Jersey|East Orange]], New Jersey, US, founded in 1893 * [[Battle of Fýrisvellir]] * [[Uppsala Central Station]] * [[Uppsala Konsert & Kongress]] * [[Lund]] * [[Easter Riots]] == Rujukan== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Bacaan satuluyna == *{{Citation |publisher = Printed for T. Cadell |publication-place = London |title = Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL14046005M/Travels_into_Poland_Russia_Sweden_and_Denmark |author = William Coxe |authorlink = William Coxe (historian) |edition = 2nd |publication-date = 1785 |chapterurl=http://archive.org/stream/travelsintopolan02coxe#page/362/mode/2up |chapter= Upsala }} *{{Citation |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL16522424M/Norway_Sweden_and_Denmark |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-date = 1903 |publication-place = Leipsic |title = Norway, Sweden, and Denmark |edition=8th |chapterurl = http://www.archive.org/stream/norwayswedendenm00karl#page/n543/mode/2up |chapter = Upsala }} == Tutumbu luar == {{Commons category|Uppsala}} {{EB9 Poster|Upsala}} *[http://www.uppsala.se/ Uppsala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090526080028/http://www.uppsala.se/ |date=2009-05-26 }} – Loka resmi *[http://www.destinationuppsala.se/en/ Destination Uppsala] – Official visitors' guide *[http://www.uppsala.com/ Uppsala cityguide] – Cityguide *[http://www.unt.se/ Upsala Nya Tidning] – Newspaper *[http://lokala-nyheter.nu/om/Uppsala-l%C3%A4n/#orter Lokala nyheter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216101830/http://lokala-nyheter.nu/om/Uppsala-l%C3%A4n/#orter |date=2015-02-16 }} – Newspaper *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15207a.htm Ancient See of Upsala] – Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia *{{Wikivoyage-inline|Uppsala}} {{Localities in Uppsala Municipality}} {{Uppsala County}} {{Swedish Seats}} {{30 most populous cities of Sweden}} {{50 most populous urban settlements of Scandinavia}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Uppsala| ]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota county di Swédia]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota County Uppsala]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota munisipalitas di Swédia]] [[Kategori:Tempat padet di County Uppsala]] [[Kategori:Kota universitas di Swédia]] [[Kategori:Kahuruan abad ka-18]] 3adu66jmtq23wvgyqh575bcheomyscw Sydney 0 43601 729314 685956 2026-09-27T00:23:48Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Two other uses|métropolitan di Australia|wewengkon pamaréntahan lokal|Kota Sydney}} {{Infobox Australian place | type = city | name = Sydney | state = nsw | image = Sydney skyline at dusk - Dec 2008.jpg<!-- Do not change this image to a collage. There is standing consensus against use of such images in this article. Please see the talk page archives for more information. --> | caption = [[Sydney Opera House]] jeung [[Sydney central business district|CBD]] pasosoré ti [[Jalan Jeffrey]], [[Kirribilli]] Déséember 2008 | force_national_map = yes | latd = 33 | latm = 51 | lats = 54 | longd = 151 | longm = 12 | longs = 34 | pop = 4840600 | pop_year = 2014 | pop_footnotes = <ref name=ABSERP13>{{cite web|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2013–14: ESTIMATED RESIDENT POPULATION, States and Territories – Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs)|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/ProductsbyCatalogue/797F86DBD192B8F8CA2568A9001393CD?OpenDocument|date=31 March 2015|accessdate=8 April 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419232207/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/ProductsbyCatalogue/797F86DBD192B8F8CA2568A9001393CD?OpenDocument |date=19 April 2015 }} ERP at 30 June 2014.</ref> | poprank = 1st | density = 380 | density_footnotes = (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/3218.0~2011-12~Main+Features~New+South+Wales?OpenDocument#PARALINK1|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2012–13: New South Wales: Population Density|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=30 April 2013|accessdate=9 April 2014}}</ref> | est = [[Australia Day|26 January]] 1788 | area = 12367.7 | area_footnotes = (GCCSA)<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/$File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|title=Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|work=2011 Census Community Profiles|date=28 March 2013|format=xls|accessdate=9 April 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107230439/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/%24File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement |date=7 November 2022 }}</ref> | timezone = [[Australian Eastern Standard Time|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Australian Eastern Daylight Time|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 | dist1 = 877 | dir1 = NE | location1 = Melbourne | dist2 = 923 | dir2 = S | location2 = Brisbane | dist3 = 287 | dir3 = NE | location3 = Canberra | dist4 = 3936 | dir4 = E | location4 = Perth | dist5 = 1404 | dir5 = E | location5 = Adelaide | lga = [[Sydney#Government|various]] (38) | county = [[Cumberland County, New South Wales|Cumberland]] | stategov = [[Electoral districts of New South Wales|various]] (49) | fedgov = [[:File:Sydney divisions overview 2010.png|various]] (24) | maxtemp = 22.5 | maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_066062_All|site_name=Sydney (Observatory Hill)|accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref> | mintemp = 14.5 | mintemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | rainfall = 1222.7 | rainfall_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | footnotes = '''Koordinat''':<ref>{{NSW GNR|id=TRlpoerXGH|title=Sydney|accessdate=28 February 2015}}</ref> }} '''Sydney''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|d|n|i}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Macquarie ABC Dictionary|publisher=The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd|year=2003|page=1,000|isbn=1-876429-37-2}}</ref> nyaéta [[List of Australian capital cities|ibu kota nagara]] [[New South Wales]] tur [[List of cities in Australia by population|kota pangpadetna]] di Australia katut Oséania.<ref name="The most populous cities in Oceania">{{cite web|publisher=Blatant Independent Media|date=2010|url=http://www.blatantworld.com/feature/oceania/most_populous_cities.html|title=The most populous cities in Oceania|accessdate=13 September 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095617/http://www.blatantworld.com/feature/oceania/most_populous_cities.html |date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> Perenahna di basisir wétan Australia, ieu métropolitan ngalingkung [[Port Jackson|palabuan alam panggedéna sadunya]], tur ngampar sapanjang Blue Mountains ka béh kulona.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mason|first=Herbert|year=2012|title=Encyclopaedia of Ships and Shipping|page=266}}</ref> Residents of Sydney are known as "Sydneysiders". Wewengkon Sydney geus dicicingan ku [[urang Australia asli]] salila puluhan milénium.<ref name="Settlers' history rewritten">{{cite news|last=Macey|first=Richard|date=2007|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/settlers-history-rewritten/2007/09/14/1189276983698.html|title=Settlers' history rewritten: go back 30,000 years|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> Urang Britania munggaran nu datang taun 1788 manggihan Sydney minangka hiji ''[[penal colony]]'', padumukan urang Éropah munggaran di Australia. ku sabab [[transportasi narapidana]] dipungkas dina panengah abad ka-19, ieu dayeuh geus robah tina pos pangawal jajahan jadi hiji puseur budaya katut ékonomi nu gedé. Populasi Sydney mangsa taun {{CensusAU|2011}} nyaéta 4.39 juta jiwa, 1.5 juta di antarana lahir di mancanagara, nu nuduhkeun yén loba kawarganagaraan nu béda tur ngajadikeun Sydney minangka salah sahiji dayeuh nu pangmultikulturalna di dunya.<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/><ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats">{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=2013|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/1GSYD|title=2011 Census QuickStats: Greater Sydney|accessdate=26 July 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605115018/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/1GSYD |date=5 June 2014 }}</ref> Aya leuwih ti 250 basa nu béda nu dipaké di Sydney tur kurang leuwih sapertilu warhana ngomong [[Basa Salian ti Basa Inggris|basa séjén lian ti basa Inggris]] di imahna.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2014|url=http://www.smh.com.au/data-point/sydney-languages|title=Sydney's melting pot of language|accessdate=13 September 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923055934/http://www.smh.com.au/data-point/sydney-languages |date=23 September 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Population, dwellings, and ethnicity">{{cite web|publisher=.id|date=2014|url=http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/population|title=Population, dwellings, and ethnicity|accessdate=27 July 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824072945/http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/population |date=24 August 2014 }}</ref> Sydney boga [[ékonomi pasar]] nu maju kalayan kakuatanana dina hal finansial, manufaktur, katut pelesir. ''Gross regional product''-nas $337 miliar taun 2013 nu ngajadikeun Sydney boga paékonomian nu leuwih gedé tibatan nagara-nagara kawas Denmark, Singapura, katut Hong Kong.<ref name="Australian cities accounts">{{cite web|publisher=SGS Economics and Planning|date=2014|url=http://www.sgsep.com.au/assets/GDP-by-Major-Capital-City-1213-.pdf|title=Australian cities accounts|accessdate=31 August 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005092254/http://www.sgsep.com.au/assets/GDP-by-Major-Capital-City-1213-.pdf |date=5 October 2014 }}</ref> Aya konséntrasi bank deungeun katut pausahaan multinasional di Sydney sarta ieu kota dipromosikeun minangka puseur finansial di [[Asia Pacific|Asia Pasifik]] nu maju.<ref name="Economic powerhouse">{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/research-and-statistics/the-city-at-a-glance/global-sydney/economic-powerhouse|title=Economic powerhouse|accessdate=21 July 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622114017/http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/research-and-statistics/the-city-at-a-glance/global-sydney/economic-powerhouse |date=22 June 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Economic profile">{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://economy.id.com.au/sydney|title=Economic profile|accessdate=20 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623211419/http://economy.id.com.au/sydney|archivedate=23 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Tough week for a Sydney success story">{{cite news|last=Wade|first=Matt|date=2012|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/tough-week-for-a-sydney-success-story-20120217-1te9q.html|title=Tough week for a Sydney success story|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=26 July 2014}}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Another shot at making city a finance h ub">{{cite news|last=Irvine|first=Jessica|date=2008|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/another-shot-at-making-a-finance-hub/2008/07/31/1217097434132.html|title=Another shot at making city a finance hub|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> Sanggeus event kawas [[2000 Summer Olympics|Olimpiade Usum Panas Taun 2000]], yutaan turis daratang ka Sydney unggal taun pikeun ningali landmark ieu dayeuh.<ref name="Our global city"/> Fitur alami Sydney di antarana [[Port Jackson|Palabuan Sydney]], [[Royal National Park|Taman Nasional]] Karajaan, [[Bondi Beach|Basisi Bondi]], katut [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Kebo Botani Karajaan]]. Atraksi jieunan leungeun kawas [[Sydney Opera House]] katut [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]] are also well known to international visitors. ==History== {{Main|History of Sydney|Gurat wanci Sydney}} <!-- ===First Inhabitants=== The first people to inhabit the area now known as Sydney were [[indigenous Australians]] having migrated from northern Australia and before that from south east Asia. [[Radiocarbon dating]] suggests human activity occurred in and around Sydney for at least 30,000 years.<ref name="Settlers' history rewritten"/> The earliest British settlers called them [[Eora]] people. "Eora" is the term the indigenous population used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is "from this place". Prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans.<ref name="Aboriginal people and place">{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Barani|date=2013|url=http://www.sydneybarani.com.au/sites/aboriginal-people-and-place/|title=Aboriginal people and place|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> Sydney Cove from [[Port Jackson]] to [[Petersham, New South Wales|Petersham]] was inhabited by the [[Cadigal]] clan.<ref name="Aboriginal people and place"/> The principal language groups were [[Darug]], [[Kuringgai|Guringai]], and [[Tharawal|Dharawal]]. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the indigenous people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells, and cooking fish.<ref name="Cook's landing site">{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/node/19670|title=Cook's landing site|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> Development has destroyed much of the city's history including that of the first inhabitants. There continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected [[Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=AuInfo|date=2014|url=http://www.auinfo.com/Ku_Ring_Gai_National_park_Sydney.html|title=Ku Ring Gai Chase National Park|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> The first meeting between the native people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant [[James Cook]] landed at [[Botany Bay]] on the Kurnell Peninsula and encountered the [[Gweagal]] clan.<ref name="Cook's landing site"/><ref>{{cite news|publisher=The Argus|date=31 May 1919|title=Pages from the past|page=20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2002|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/11/10/1036308574533.html|title=Once were warriors|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors.<ref name="Cook's landing site"/> Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement. He spent a short time collecting food and conducting scientific observations before continuing further north along the east coast of Australia and claiming the new land he had discovered for Britain. ===Establishment of the Colony=== [[File:Thomas Watling - A Direct North General View of Sydney Cove, 1794.jpg|thumb|right|''A Direct North General View of Sydney Cove'', by convict artist [[Thomas Watling]] in 1794]] The United Kingdom had for a long time been sending its [[convict]]s across the Atlantic to the [[Thirteen Colonies|American colonies]]. That trade was ended with the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] by the United States in 1776. Overrun with prisoners, Britain decided in 1786 to found a new penal outpost in the territory discovered by Cook some 16 years earlier. Captain [[Arthur Phillip]] was charged with establishing the new colony. He led a fleet (known as the [[First Fleet]]) of 11 ships and about 850 convicts into Botany Bay on 18 January 1788, though deemed the location unsuitable due to poor soil and a lack of fresh water. He travelled a short way further north and arrived at Port Jackson on 26 January 1788.<ref name="Sydney's history">{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2013|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/sydneys-history|title=Sydney's history|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Early European settlement">{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryEarlyEuropeanSettlement|title=Early European settlement|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> This was to be the location for the new colony. The official proclamation and naming of the colony happened on 7 February 1788. The name was at first to be Albion but Phillip decided on Sydney in recognition of [[Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney|Thomas Townshend, Lord Sydney]] and his role in authorising the establishment of the settlement. [[File:View of Sydney Cove from Dawes Point by Joseph Lycett page74 a5491074.JPG|thumb|right|Sydney Cove from [[Dawes Point]], 1817]] Between 1788 and 1792 about 4,300 convicts were landed at Sydney. The colony was not founded on the principles of freedom and prosperity. Maps from this time show no prison buildings; the punishment for convicts was [[Penal transportation|transportation]] rather than incarceration, but serious offences were penalised by flogging and hanging.<ref name="History and heritage">{{cite web|publisher=The Rocks|date=2014|url=https://www.therocks.com/history-and-heritage.aspx|title=History and heritage|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="A brief history of Sydney">{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Tim|date=2014|url=http://www.localhistories.org/sydney.html|title=A Brief History of Sydney|publisher=LocalHistories.org|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> Officers and convicts alike faced starvation as supplies ran low and little could be cultivated from the land.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=History of Australia Online|date=2007|url=http://www.historyofaustraliaonline.com/Early_Sufferings_of_the_Colony.html|title=Early sufferings of the colony|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> The region's indigenous population was also suffering. It is estimated that half of the native people in Sydney died during the [[smallpox]] epidemic of 1789.<ref name="Aboriginal people and place"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Mear|first=Craig|date=2008|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-180278188.html|title=The origin of the smallpox outbreak in Sydney in 1789|publisher=Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> Some mounted violent resistance to the British settlers. [[Lachlan Macquarie]] became [[Governor of New South Wales|Governor]] in 1810. Macquarie did make the most of less than ideal circumstances. His first task was to restore order after the [[Rum Rebellion]] of 1808 against the previous Governor. Conditions in the colony were not conducive to the development of a thriving new metropolis, but the more regular arrival of ships and the beginnings of maritime trade (such as wool) helped to lessen the burden of isolation.<ref name="History and heritage"/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian National University|date=2014|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/phillip-arthur-2549|title=Arthur Phillip|accessdate=6 July 2014}}</ref> Macquarie undertook an extensive building programme of some 265 separate works.<ref name="Lachlan Macquarie">{{cite web|publisher=[[Dictionary of Sydney]]|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/macquarie_lachlan|title=Lachlan Macquarie|accessdate=14 September 2014}}</ref> Roads, bridges, wharves, and public buildings were constructed using convict labour and come 1822 the town had banks, markets, and well-established thoroughfares. Part of Macquarie's effort to transform the colony was his authorisation for convicts to re-enter society as free citizens.<ref name="Lachlan Macquarie"/> ===Modern development=== The year 1850 was the final year of convict transportation to Sydney, which by this time had a population of 35,000.<ref name="Sydney's history"/><ref name="History and heritage"/> The municipal council of Sydney was incorporated in 1842 and became Australia's first city.<ref name="Australian Encyclopaedia">{{cite encyclopedia|date=1926|encyclopedia=Australian Encyclopaedia|volume=2|page=524}}</ref> Gold was discovered in the colony in 1851 and with it came thousands of people seeking a to make money.<ref name="Sydney's history"/><ref name="Australian Encyclopaedia"/> Sydney's population reached 200,000 by 1871.<ref name="Postcardz Sydney">{{cite web|publisher=Postcardz.com.au|date=2014|url=http://www.postcardz.com.au/new-south-wales/sydney.htm|title=Sydney|accessdate=6 July 2014}}</ref> Following the depression of the 1890s, the six colonies agreed to form a federated nation of The Commonwealth of Australia. Under the reign of Queen Victoria federation of the six colonies occurred on 1 January 1901. Sydney, with a population of 481,000, then became the state capital of [[New South Wales]].<ref name="A brief history of Sydney"/> The [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s had a severe effect on Sydney's economy, as it did with most cities throughout the industrial world. For much of the 1930s up to one in three breadwinners was unemployed.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=2010|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/video/2010/03/26/2857612.htm?site=sydney|title=Surviving the Great Depression|accessdate=6 July 2014}}</ref> Construction of the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge|Harbour Bridge]] served to alleviate some of the effects of the economic downturn by employing 1,400 men between 1924 and 1932.<ref name="Sydney Harbour Bridge">{{cite web|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|date=2014|url=http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/sydney-harbour-bridge|title=Sydney Harbour Bridge|accessdate=6 July 2014}}</ref> The population continued to boom despite the Depression and reached 1 million in 1925.<ref name="Postcardz Sydney"/> [[File:Sydney 1932.jpg|thumb|Sydney Harbour in 1932]] When Britain declared war in 1939, Australia too entered. During the war Sydney experienced a surge in industrial development to meet the needs of a wartime economy. Far from mass unemployment, there were now labour shortages and women becoming active in male roles. Sydney's harbour was attacked by the Japanese in May and June 1942 with a [[Attack on Sydney Harbour|direct attack from Japanese submarines]] with some lose of life.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian War Memorial|date=2014|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/education/talks/1942-sydney-under-attack/|title=Remembering 1942: Sydney under attack|accessdate=6 July 2014}}</ref> Households throughout the city had built air raid shelters and performed drills. Following the end of the war the city continued to expand. There were 1.7 million people living in Sydney at 1950 and almost 3 million by 1975. The people of Sydney warmly welcomed [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in 1954 when the a reigning monarch stepped onto Australian soil for the first time to commence her Australian Royal Tour.<ref>http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/Australia/Royalvisits.aspx</ref> Having arrived on the [[Royal Yacht Britannia]] through Sydney Heads, Her Majesty came ashore at Farm Cove. Sydney's iconic [[Sydney Opera House|Opera House]] was opened in 1973 by Her Majesty. The Opera House became a [[World Heritage Site]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=UNESCO|date=2014|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/166|title=Sydney Opera House|accessdate=6 July 2014}}</ref> The [[2000 Summer Olympics]] were held in Sydney and became known as the "best Olympic Games ever" by the President of the [[International Olympic Committee]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Longman|first=Jere|date=2000|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/02/sports/sydney-2000-closing-ceremony-a-fond-farewell-from-australia.html|title=Sydney 2000: Closing Ceremony; A Fond Farewell From Australia|work=The New York Times|accessdate=6 July 2014}}</ref> A strong [[Australian regional rivalries|rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne]] that began in the 1850s still exists to this day. Sydney exceeded Melbourne's population in the early twentieth century and remains Australia's largest city.<ref name="The most populous cities in Oceania"/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url= http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/linking-nation-australias-transport-and-communications-1788-1970-6|title=Linking a nation|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref> ==Geography== {{Main|Geography of Sydney}} ===Topography=== [[File:Sydney gnangarra 0305-10.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Sydney from May 2012 looking east]] [[File:Worldwind-Sydney1.jpg|thumb|right|Satellite image looking west with [[Botany Bay]] on the left and [[Port Jackson]] on the right]] Captain [[Arthur Phillip]], in one of his first reports back to Britain, described [[Sydney Cove]] as being "without exception the finest harbour in the world".<ref>{{cite web|publisher=State Library of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/history_nation/terra_australis/letters/phillip/index.html|title=Arthur Phillip|accessdate=6 July 2014}}</ref> Sydney is a coastal basin with the [[Tasman Sea]] to the east, the [[Blue Mountains (New South Wales)|Blue Mountains]] to the west, the [[Hawkesbury River]] to the north, and the [[Woronora Plateau]] to the south. The inner city measures {{convert|25|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=off}}, the Greater Sydney region covers {{convert|12367|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=off}}, and the city's urban area is {{convert|1687|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=off}} in size.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=2006|url=http://stat.abs.gov.au/itt/r.jsp?RegionSummary&region=11703&dataset=ABS_NRP9_ASGS&geoconcept=REGION&measure=MEASURE&datasetASGS=ABS_NRP9_ASGS&datasetLGA=ABS_NRP9_LGA&regionLGA=REGION&regionASGS=REGION|title=Sydney inner city: region data summary|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=2014|url=http://stat.abs.gov.au/itt/r.jsp?RegionSummary&region=1GSYD&dataset=ABS_NRP9_ASGS&geoconcept=REGION&datasetASGS=ABS_NRP9_ASGS&datasetLGA=ABS_NRP9_LGA&regionLGA=REGION&regionASGS=REGION|title=Greater Sydney: region data summary|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=2003|url= http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/735A104E4E83C6E2CA256CF40001D92A/$File/20160_2001.pdf|title=Census of population and housing: selected characteristics for urban centres, Australia|accessdate=5 October 2014}}</ref> Deep river valleys known as [[ria]]s were carved during the [[Triassic]] period in the Hawkesbury sandstone of the coastal region where Sydney now lies. The rising sea level between 18,000 and 6,000 years ago flooded the rias to form estuaries and deep harbours.<ref name="Sydney Basin">{{cite web|publisher=Office of Environment and Heritage|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/bioregions/SydneyBasin-Landform.htm|title=Sydney Basin|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> [[Port Jackson]], better known as Sydney Harbour, is one such ria.<ref>{{cite web|last=Latta|first=David|date=2006|url=http://qa.mpiweb.org/Archive?id=3918|title=Showcase destinations Sydney, Australia: the harbour city|accessdate=12 July 2014}}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}</ref> 70 beaches can be found along its coastline with [[Bondi Beach]] being one of the most famous. Sydney spans two geographic regions. The [[Cumberland Plain]] lies to the south and west of the Harbour and is relatively flat. The Hornsby Plateau is located to the north and is dissected by steep valleys. The flat areas of the south were the first to be developed as the city grew. It was not until the construction of the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge|Harbour Bridge]] that the northern reaches of the coast became more heavily populated. The [[Nepean River]] wraps around the western edge of the city and becomes the [[Hawkesbury River]] before reaching [[Broken Bay]]. Most of Sydney's water storages can be found on tributaries of the Nepean River. The [[Parramatta River]] is mostly industrial and drains a large area of Sydney's western suburbs into Port Jackson. The southern parts of the city are drained by the [[Georges River]] and the [[Cooks River]] into [[Botany Bay]]. ===Geology=== {{Main|Sydney Basin}} Sydney is made up of mostly Triassic rock with some recent [[igneous]] dykes and [[volcanic]] necks. The [[Sydney Basin]] was formed when the Earth's crust expanded, subsided, and filled with sediment in the early Triassic period.<ref name="Sydney Basin"/> Almost all of the exposed rocks around Sydney are sandstone that is some {{convert|200|m|ft|0|abbr=off}} thick and has shale lenses and fossil riverbeds dotted throughout. The sand that was to become this sandstone was washed from [[Broken Hill]] and laid down about 200 million years ago. The Basin's [[sedimentary rock]]s have been subject to uplift with gentle folding and minor faulting during the formation of the [[Great Dividing Range]].<ref name="Sydney Basin"/> Erosion by coastal streams has created a landscape of deep gorges and remnant plateaus. The Sydney Basin bioregion includes coastal features of cliffs, beaches, and estuaries. ===Climate=== {{Further|Climate of Sydney}} [[File:Sydney harbour bridge duststorm.jpg|thumb|right|The Sydney Harbour Bridge in the [[2009 Australian dust storm]].]] Sydney has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Cfa'') with warm, sometimes hot summers and mild winters, with rainfall spread throughout the year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate and the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games|work=Australian Government|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=24 September 2007|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/1301.0Feature%20Article32000?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1301.0&issue=2000&num=&view=|accessdate=21 December 2008}}; {{cite web|title=Sydney Basin&nbsp;– climate|work=New South Wales Government|publisher=Department of Environment and Climate Change|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/bioregions/SydneyBasin-Climate.htm|accessdate=21 December 2008}}; {{cite web|title=Australian climatic zones|work=Australian Government|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/environ/travel/map.shtml|accessdate=21 December 2008}}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}; {{cite web|title=Living in Sydney|publisher=Sydney Institute of Business & Technology|url=http://www.sibt.nsw.edu.au/index.php/about-australia/living-in-sydney.html|accessdate=21 December 2008}}{{Dead link|date=February 2012}}</ref> The weather is moderated by proximity to the ocean, and more extreme temperatures are recorded in the inland western suburbs. The warmest months are January and February, with an average air temperature range at [[Sydney Observatory|Observatory Hill]] of {{convert|19.6|–|26.5|C}} for January and {{convert|19.7|–|26.5|C}} for February.<ref name="acn"/> An average of 14.9 days a year have temperatures of more than {{convert|30|C|0}}.<ref name="acn"/> In winter, temperatures rarely drop below {{convert|5|C|0}} in coastal areas. The coldest month is July, with an average range of {{convert|8.7|–|17.4|C}}.<ref name="acn"/> Rainfall is fairly evenly spread through the year, but is slightly higher during the first half of the year. The average annual rainfall, with moderate to low variability, is {{convert|1213.8|mm|2|abbr=on}}, with rain falling on an average of 134.7 days a year.<ref name="acn"/><ref>Australian [[Bureau of Meteorology]]. 2005. Ellyard, D. 1994. Droughts and Flooding Rains. Angus & Robertson ISBN 0-207-18557-3</ref> Snowfall was last reported in the Sydney City area in 1836, while a fall of [[graupel]], or soft hail, mistaken by many for snow, in July 2008, has raised the possibility that the 1836 event was not snow, either.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sydney winter not snow, just hail|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/it-looked-like-snow-it-felt-like-snow/2008/07/27/1217097051268.html|work=Mr Zmijewski doubted the 1836 snow report, saying weather observers of the era lacked the expertise of today. "We are almost in the sub-tropics in Sydney", he said.|work=Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=15 November 2013}}</ref><ref>MacDonnell, Freda. Thomas Nelson (Australia) Limited, 1967. Before King's Cross</ref> Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|45.8|C|1}} on 18 January 2013 to {{convert|2.1|C|1}} on 22 June 1932, the lowest recorded minimum at Observatory Hill.<ref>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_066062|site_name=Sydney (Observatory Hill)|accessdate=15 November 2013}}</ref><ref>Bureau of Meteorology. 2006. [http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/nsw/20060201.shtml Climate summary for Sydney, January 2006]</ref> At the Sydney Airport station, extremes have ranged from {{convert|46.4|to|-0.1|C|1}}.<ref>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_066037|site_name=Sydney Airport AMO|accessdate=13 December 2013}}</ref> The city is rarely affected by [[tropical cyclone|cyclones]], although remnants of [[Post-tropical cyclone|ex-cyclones]] do affect the city. The [[El Niño–Southern Oscillation]] plays an important role in determining Sydney's weather patterns: drought and bushfire on the one hand, and storms and flooding on the other, associated with the opposite phases of the oscillation. Many areas of the city bordering bushland have experienced bushfires, these tend to occur during the spring and summer. The city is also prone to severe hail storms and wind storms. One such storm was the [[1999 Sydney hailstorm|1999 hailstorm]], which severely damaged Sydney's eastern and city suburbs. The storm produced massive hailstones of at least {{convert|9|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} in diameter and resulting in insurance losses of around [[Australian dollar|A]]$1.7&nbsp;billion in less than five hours.<ref name="autogenerated1999">{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/nsw/sevwx/14april1999.shtml|title=The Sydney Hailstorm&nbsp;– 14&nbsp;April 1999|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=5 October 2006}}</ref> The [[Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)|Bureau of Meteorology]] has reported that 2002 through 2005 were the warmest summers in Sydney since records began in 1859.<ref>[http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/nsw/20060703.shtml Sydney has coldest June in 24 years] in ''Sydney Monthly Climate Summary&nbsp;– NSW Regional Office'', Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 21 October 2007.</ref> The summer of 2007–2008, however, proved to be one of the coolest summers on record.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/annual/nsw/archive/2008.sydney.shtml |title=Sydney&nbsp;– Greater Sydney in 2008 |publisher=Bom.gov.au |date=5 January 2009 |accessdate=10 February 2012}}</ref> Warmer and drier conditions came back in 2009 and 2010, when above-average temperatures were recorded. In 2009, the dry conditions brought a severe [[2009 Australian dust storm|dust storm towards eastern Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/annual/nsw/archive/2009.sydney.shtml |title=Sydney in 2009 |publisher=Bom.gov.au |date=4 January 2010 |accessdate=10 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/annual/nsw/archive/2010.sydney.shtml |title=Sydney in 2010 |publisher=Bom.gov.au |date=4 January 2011 |accessdate=10 February 2012}}</ref> In 2011, above-average rainfall was recorded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/annual/nsw/sydney.shtml |title=Sydney in 2011 |publisher=Bom.gov.au |date=3 January 2012 |accessdate=10 February 2012}}</ref> On 18 January 2013, Sydney experienced [[Angry Summer|record-breaking temperatures]] with {{convert|45.8|C|0}} recorded at Observatory Hill, and a temperature of {{convert|46.4|C|0}} recorded at the airport.<ref>{{cite news|last=Creagh|first=Sunanda|title=Sydney smashes temperature records but heatwave nearly over|url=http://theconversation.edu.au/sydney-smashes-temperature-records-but-heatwave-nearly-over-11689|work=The Conversation|publisher=The Conversation Media Group|accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref> The highest minimum temperature recorded at Observatory Hill is {{convert|27.6|C|0}}, in February 2011 while the lowest maximum temperature is {{convert|7.7|C|0}}, recorded in July 1868.<ref name="acn">{{cite web|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=15 November 2013}}</ref> The average annual temperature of the sea is above {{convert|21|C|0}}, and the monthly average ranges from {{convert|18|C|0}} in July to {{convert|24|C|0}} in January.<ref name="weather2travel">{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/australia/new-south-wales/sydney.php|title=Sydney Climate Guide|accessdate=February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bondi Beach Water Temperature and Wetsuit Guide|url=http://www.surf-forecast.com/breaks/Bondi-Beach/seatemp|work=This has been derived from analysis of two decades of oceanographic satellite measurements of nearby open water.|publisher=Surf-Forecast.com|accessdate=15 November 2013}}</ref> {{Sydney weatherbox}} ==Urban structure== {{see also|Regions of Sydney}} {{wide image|Sydney Tower Panorama.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|View of Sydney from [[Sydney Tower]]}} {{wide image|Sydney Panorama.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|[[Sydney central business district|Sydney CBD]] panorama from [[Taronga Zoo]], Mosman}} {{wide image|Sydney at twilight.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|The Sydney skyline at twilight from [[McMahons Point]]}} Lieutenant William Dawes produced a town plan in 1790 but it was ignored by the colony's leaders. Sydney's layout today reflects this lack of planning.<ref name="Sydney architecture">{{cite book|last1=McGillick|first1=Paul|last2=Bingham-Hall|first2=Patrick|year=2005|title=Sydney architecture|page=14 to 15}}</ref> The geographical area covered by urban Sydney is divided into 658 [[suburbs and localities (Australia)|suburbs]] for addressing and postal purposes and is administered as 40 local government areas.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Walk Sydney Streets|date=2014|url=http://www.walksydneystreets.net/suburbssydneyall.htm|title=Complete official list of Sydney suburbs|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> The [[City of Sydney]] is responsible for 33 of these suburbs, all of which are located close to the [[Sydney central business district|central business district]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/council/our-responsibilities/areas-of-service|title=Areas of service|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> There are 15 contiguous regions around Sydney: the CBD, [[Canterbury-Bankstown]], the [[Eastern Suburbs (Sydney)|Eastern Suburbs]], the [[Forest District (Sydney)|Forest District]], [[Greater Western Sydney]], the [[Hills District]], the [[Inner West]], [[Macarthur (New South Wales)|Macarthur]], the [[Northern Beaches]], the [[Northern Suburbs]], the [[North Shore (Sydney)|North Shore]], [[Southern Sydney]], [[St George (Sydney)|St George]], [[Sutherland Shire]], and [[Western Sydney]]. The largest commercial centres outside of the CBD are [[North Sydney, New South Wales|North Sydney]] and [[Chatswood, New South Wales|Chatswood]] in the north, [[Parramatta]] to the west, [[Liverpool, New South Wales|Liverpool]] in the south-west, [[Hurstville, New South Wales|Hurstville]] in the south, and [[Bondi Junction, New South Wales|Bondi Junction]] to the east.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=State of New South Wales|date=2013|url=http://strategies.planning.nsw.gov.au/Portals/0/Documents/MetroCommunityGuide.pdf|title=Draft metropolitan strategy for Sydney to 2031|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> There has been accelerating commercial development in Parramatta since the 1950s as firms serving Western Sydney have set up regional offices and recognised the region's significant residential population mass and cheaper rents.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kass|first=Terry|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/parramatta|title=Parramatta|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> ===Inner suburbs=== The CBD itself extends about {{convert|3|km|mi|1|abbr=off}} south from [[Sydney Cove]]. It is bordered by Farm Cove within the [[Royal Botanic Gardens]] to the east and [[Darling Harbour]] to the west. Suburbs surrounding the CBD include [[Woolloomooloo, New South Wales|Woolloomooloo]] and [[Potts Point, New South Wales|Potts Point]] to the east, [[Surry Hills, New South Wales|Surry Hills]] and [[Darlinghurst, New South Wales|Darlinghurst]] to the south, [[Pyrmont, New South Wales|Pyrmont]] and [[Ultimo, New South Wales|Ultimo]] to the west, and [[Millers Point, New South Wales|Millers Point]] and [[The Rocks, Sydney|The Rocks]] to the north. Most of these suburbs measure less than {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|1|abbr=off}} in area. Several localities, distinct from suburbs, exist throughout Sydney's inner reaches. [[Central, New South Wales|Central]] and [[Circular Quay]] are transport hubs with ferry, rail, and bus interchanges. [[Chinatown, Sydney|Chinatown]], Darling Harbour, and [[Kings Cross, New South Wales|Kings Cross]] are important locations for culture, tourism, and recreation. [[File:Anzac Bridge East.jpg|thumb|right|The [[ANZAC Bridge]] spans Johnstons Bay between [[Pyrmont, New South Wales|Pyrmont]] and [[Glebe Island]].]] There is a long trend of [[gentrification]] amongst Sydney's inner suburbs. [[Pyrmont, New South Wales|Pyrmont]] located on the harbour was redeveloped from a centre of shipping and international trade to an area of high density housing, tourist accommodation, and gambling.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority|date=2004|url=http://www.shfa.nsw.gov.au/content/library/documents/FB43C542-0F79-96FE-68538841A8F3E24A.pdf|title=Ultimo and Pyrmont: a decade of renewal|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> Originally located well outside of the city, [[Darlinghurst, New South Wales|Darlinghurst]] is the location of a former [[gaol]], manufacturing, and mixed housing. It had a period when it was known as area of [[prostitution]]. The terrace style housing has largely been retained and Darlinghurst has undergone significant gentrification since the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneymedia.com.au/business-friendly-boost-for-oxford-st-laneway/ |title=Business-friendly boost for Oxford St lane way|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dick|first=Tim|date=2014|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/09/17/1095394002499.html|title=At the crossroads|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Darlinghurst">{{cite web|last=Dunn|first=Mark|date=1970|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/darlinghurst|title=Darlinghurst|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> [[Green Square, New South Wales|Green Square]] is a former industrial area of [[Waterloo, New South Wales|Waterloo]] which is undergoing urban renewal worth $8 billion. On the city harbour edge the historic suburb and wharves of Millers Point are being built up as the new area of [[Barangaroo, New South Wales|Barangaroo]]. The Millers Point / Barangaroo development has significant controversy regardless of the $6 billion worth of economic activity it is generating.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/vision/major-developments/green-square|title=Green Square|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Barangaroo Delivery Authority|date=2013|url=http://www.barangaroo.com/discover-barangaroo/overview.aspx|title=Discover Barangaroo|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> The suburb of [[Paddington, New South Wales|Paddington]] is a well known suburb for its streets of restored [[terraced house|terrace houses]], [[Victoria Barracks]], and shopping including the weekly Oxford Street markets.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wotherspoon|first=Garry|date=2012|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/paddington|title=Paddington|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> Despite its location, Surry Hills has maintained a light industrial economy in addition to residential and commercial zones. Woolloomooloo could be considered one of two suburbs, the other being [[Waterloo, New South Wales|Waterloo]] which has not succumbed to inner city gentrification. This due in a large part to the large amount of public housing which was constructed in the 1980s. ===Outer suburbs=== [[Vaucluse, New South Wales|Vaucluse]] in the Eastern Suburbs is amongst Australia's most affluent addresses. Neighbouring suburb [[Point Piper, New South Wales|Point Piper]] contains Wolseley Road, the ninth dearest street in the world.<ref>{{cite web|last=Badkar|first=Mamta|date=2011|url=http://www.businessinsider.com.au/10-most-expensive-streets-in-the-world-2011-3#9-wolseley-road-point-piper-2|title=The 10 most expensive streets in the world|publisher=Business Insider|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> [[Coogee, New South Wales|Coogee]] and [[Bondi, New South Wales|Bondi Beach]], both known for tourism and recreation, are also found in the Eastern Suburbs. The suburb of [[Cronulla, New South Wales|Cronulla]] in southern Sydney is close to the oldest national park in Australia, [[The Royal National Park]]. The suburb of [[Manly, New South Wales|Manly]] on the Northern Beaches was one of Sydney's most popular holiday destinations for much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pollen|first=Frances|year=1990|title=The Book of Sydney Suburbs|page=162}}</ref> The North Shore includes the important commercial centres of North Sydney and Chatswood. [[Taronga Zoo]] is situated in the North Shore suburb of [[Mosman, New South Wales|Mosman]]. The adjacent suburbs of [[Kirribilli, New South Wales|Kirribilli]] and [[Milsons Point, New South Wales|Milsons Point]] are the locations of [[Kirribilli House]] and [[Luna Park]]. The Western Suburbs encompasses the local government areas of [[Bankstown]], Liverpool, [[Penrith, New South Wales|Penrith]], and [[Fairfield, New South Wales|Fairfield]]. It also contains Parramatta, the sixth largest business district in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Parramatta Chamber of Commerce|date=2014|url=http://www.parramattachamber.com.au/Chamber/parramatta-capital-of-western-sydney.html|title=Parramatta|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> [[Balmain, New South Wales|Balmain]], in the Inner West, was once a working class industrial and mining town but has undergone extensive gentrification.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=2011|url=http://australianetwork.com/nexus/stories/s1805487.htm|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20120417221659/http://australianetwork.com/nexus/stories/s1805487.htm|archivedate=17 April 2012|title=Balmain|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> The Inner West also includes [[Sydney Olympic Park]], a suburb created to host the [[2000 Summer Olympics]]. Further to the south west is the region of Macarthur and the city of [[Campbelltown, New South Wales|Campbelltown]], a significant population centre until the 1990s considered a region separate to Sydney proper. ===Architecture=== {{See also|Buildings and architecture of Sydney|Heritage homes of Sydney|List of tallest buildings in Sydney}} [[File:Castlereagh and King Street.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|Sydney's oldest buildings were built with materials sourced from [[Hawkesbury sandstone]].]] The earliest structures in the colony were built to the bare minimum of standards. Upon his appointment, Governor [[Lachlan Macquarie]] set ambitious targets for the architectural design of new construction projects. The city now has a world heritage listed building, several national heritage listed buildings, and dozens of Commonwealth heritage listed buildings as evidence of the survival of Macquarie's ideals.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world-heritage-list|title=Australia's World Heritage List|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/heritage-places/national-heritage-list|title=Australia's National Heritage List|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=search_results;state=NSW;list_code=CHL;legal_status=35|title=Australian Heritage Database|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> In 1814 the Governor called on a convict named [[Francis Greenway]] to design [[Macquarie Lighthouse]].<ref name="Macquarie Lighthouse">{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105366|title=Macquarie Lighthouse|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> The lighthouse and its [[Classical architecture|Classical]] design earned Greenway a pardon from Macquarie in 1818 and introduced a culture of refined architecture that remains to this day.<ref name="Macquarie Lightstation">{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Harbour Federation Trust|date=2001|url=http://www.harbourtrust.gov.au/topics/sitesmacquarie.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060209012719/http://www.harbourtrust.gov.au/topics/sitesmacquarie.html|archivedate=9 February 2006|title=Macquarie Lightstation|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> Greenway went on to design the [[Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney|Hyde Park Barracks]] in 1819 and the [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] style [[St James' Church, Sydney|St James's Church]] in 1824.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/hyde-park|title=Hyde Park Barracks|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Judd|first1=Stephen|last2=Cable|first2=Kenneth|year=2000|title=Sydney Anglicans — a history of the diocese|page=12}}</ref> [[Gothic architecture|Gothic-inspired architecture]] became more popular from the 1830s. [[John Verge]]'s [[Elizabeth Bay House]] and [[St Philip's Church, Sydney|St Philip's Church]] of 1856 were built in [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style along with [[Edward Blore]]'s [[Government House, Sydney|Government House]] of 1845.<ref name="Chronology of styles in Australian architecture">{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Architecture|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneyarchitecture.com/STYLES/search-style.htm|title=Chronology of styles in Australian architecture|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of Premier and Cabinet|date=2014|url=http://www.governor.nsw.gov.au/government-house/|title=Government House|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> Kirribilli House, completed in 1858, and St Andrew's Cathedral are rare examples of [[Gothic Revival architecture|Victorian Gothic]] construction.<ref name="Chronology of styles in Australian architecture"/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105451|title=Kirribilli House|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> From the late 1850s there was a shift towards Classical architecture. [[Mortimer Lewis]] designed the [[Australian Museum]] in 1857.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Museum|date=2014|url=http://australianmuseum.net.au/A-short-history-of-the-Australian-Museum|title=A short history of the Australian Museum|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> The [[General Post Office, Sydney|General Post Office]], completed in 1891 in [[Victorian architecture|Victorian Free Classical]] style, was designed by [[James Barnet]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105509|title=General Post Office|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> Barnet also oversaw the 1883 reconstruction of Greenway's Macquarie Lighthouse.<ref name="Macquarie Lighthouse"/><ref name="Macquarie Lightstation"/> [[Customs House, Sydney|Customs House]] was built in 1844 to the specifications of Lewis, with additions from Barnet in 1887 and W L Vernon in 1899.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105436|title=Sydney Customs House|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> The neo-Classical and [[Second Empire architecture|French Second Empire]] style [[Sydney Town Hall|Town Hall]] was completed in 1889.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Town Hall|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneytownhall.com.au/discover-learn/building-history/coonstruction/|title=Construction of Sydney Town Hall|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Town Hall|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneytownhall.com.au/discover-learn/building-history/features/|title=Features of Sydney Town Hall|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] designs gained favour amongst Sydney's architects from the early 1890s. [[Sydney Technical College]] was completed in 1893 using both Romanesque Revival and [[Queen Anne style architecture|Queen Anne]] approaches.<ref name="Sydney Technical College">{{cite web|last=Freyne|first=Catherine|date=2010|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sydney_technical_college|title=Sydney Technical College|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> The [[Queen Victoria Building]] was designed in Romanesque Revival fashion by [[George McRae]] and completed in 1898.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Queen Victoria Building|date=2014|url=http://www.qvb.com.au/about-qvb/history-of-qvb|title=History of Queen Victoria Building|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> It was built on the site of the Sydney Central Markets and accommodates 200 shops across its three storeys.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ellmoos|first=Laila|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/queen_victoria_building|title=Queen Victoria Building|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> The [[Great Depression]] had a tangible influence on Sydney's architecture. New structures became more restrained with far less ornamentation than was common before the 1930s. The most notable architectural feat of this period is the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge|Harbour Bridge]]. Its steel arch was designed by [[John Bradfield (engineer)|John Jacob Crew Bradfield]] and completed in 1932. A total of 39,000 tonnes of structural steel span the {{convert|503|m|ft|0|abbr=off}} between Milsons Point and [[Dawes Point, New South Wales|Dawes Point]].<ref name="Sydney Harbour Bridge"/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105888|title=Sydney Harbour Bridge|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> [[File:One-Bligh Street Sydney.jpg|thumb|left|The atrium of [[1 Bligh Street]], a contemporary example of Sydney's architecture]] [[Modern architecture|Modern]] and [[International architecture]] came to Sydney from the 1940s. Since its completion in 1973 the city's [[Sydney Opera House|Opera House]] has become a [[World Heritage Site]] and one of the world's most renowned pieces of Modern design. It was conceived by [[Jørn Utzon]] with contributions from Peter Hall, Lionel Todd, and David Littlemore. Utzon was awarded the [[Pritzker Architecture Prize|Pritzker Prize]] in 2003 for his work on the Opera House.<ref name="Sydney Opera House">{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105738|title=Sydney Opera House|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> Sydney's first tower was Culwulla Chambers on the corner of King Street and Castlereagh Street which topped out at {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=off}}. With the lifting of height restrictions in the 1960s there came a surge of high-rise construction.<ref name="Sydney architecture"/> Acclaimed architects such as [[Jean Nouvel]], [[Harry Seidler]], [[Richard Rogers]], [[Renzo Piano]], [[Norman Foster]], and [[Frank Gehry]] have each made their own contribution to the city's skyline. Important buildings in the CBD include [[Citigroup Centre, Sydney|Citigroup Centre]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Emporis|date=2014|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/citigroupcentre-sydney-australia|title=Citigroup Centre|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> [[Aurora Place]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Emporis|date=2014|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/auroraplace-sydney-australia|title=Aurora Place|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> [[Chifley Tower]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Emporis|date=2014|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/chifleytower-sydney-australia|title=Chifley Tower|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ellmoos|first=Laila|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/chifley_tower|title=Chifley Tower|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> the [[Reserve Bank of Australia|Reserve Bank]] building,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of the Environment|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105456|title=Reserve Bank|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> [[Deutsche Bank Place]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Emporis|date=2014|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/deutschebankplace-sydney-australia|title=Deutsche Bank Place|accessdate=20 July 2004}}</ref> [[MLC Centre]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Emporis|date=2014|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/mlccentre-sydney-australia|title=MLC Centre|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> and [[Capita Centre]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Emporis|date=2014|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/castlereagh-centre-sydney-australia|title=Castlereagh Centre|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> The tallest structure is [[Sydney Tower]], designed by Donald Crone and completed in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dunn|first=Mark|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/centrepoint_tower|title=Centrepoint Tower|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> Regulations limit new buildings to a height of {{convert|235|m|ft|abbr=off}} due to the proximity of [[Sydney Airport]]. ===Housing=== There were 1.5 million dwellings in Sydney in 2006 including 940,000 detached houses and 180,000 semi-detached terrace houses.<ref name="Housing Sydney">{{cite web|last=Darcy|first=Michael|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/housing_sydney|title=Housing Sydney|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> Units or apartments make up 25.8% of Sydney's dwellings, more than the 12.8% which are semi-detached but less than the 60.9% which are separate houses.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> Whilst terrace houses are common in the inner city areas it is detached houses that dominate the landscape in the outer suburbs. About 80% of all dwellings in Western Sydney are separate houses.<ref name="Housing Sydney"/> Due to environmental and economic pressures there has been a noted trend towards denser housing. There was a 30% increase in the number of apartments in Sydney between 1996 and 2006.<ref name="Housing Sydney"/> Public housing in Sydney is managed by the Government of New South Wales.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Housing New South Wales|date=2012|url=http://www.housing.nsw.gov.au/About+Us/What+We+Do.htm|title=Services offered|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref> Suburbs with large concentrations of public housing include [[Claymore, New South Wales|Claymore]], [[Macquarie Fields, New South Wales|Macquarie Fields]], [[Waterloo, New South Wales|Waterloo]], and [[Mount Druitt, New South Wales|Mount Druitt]]. The Government has announced plans to sell nearly 300 historic public housing properties in the harbourside neighbourhoods of Millers Point, Gloucester Street, and The Rocks.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hasham|first=Nicole|date=2014|url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/sydney-waterfront-public-housing-properties-to-be-sold-off-20140319-351fs.html|title=Sydney waterfront public housing properties to be sold off|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref> A range of heritage housing styles can be found throughout Sydney. Terrace houses are found in the inner suburbs such as Paddington, The Rocks, and Balmain. [[Federation architecture|Federation]] homes, constructed around the time of Federation in 1901, are located in [[Penshurst, New South Wales|Penshurst]], [[Turramurra]], and in [[Haberfield]]. Haberfield is known as "The Federation Suburb" due to the extensive number of Federation homes. Workers cottages are found in Surry Hills, [[Redfern, New South Wales|Redfern]], and Balmain. [[California bungalow]]s are common in [[Ashfield, New South Wales|Ashfield]], [[Concord, New South Wales|Concord]], and [[Beecroft, New South Wales|Beecroft]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Charles Sturt University|date=2014|url=http://hsc.csu.edu.au/geography/urban/urban/4370/sydney_culture.htm|title=Sydney's culture of place|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> ===Parks and open spaces=== [[File:Sydney-parks-pano.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Royal Botanic Gardens]]]] The [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Royal Botanic Gardens]] are the most important green space in the Sydney region, hosting both academic and leisure activities. There are 15 separate parks under the administration of the City of Sydney.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/explore/facilities/parks/major-parks|title=Major parks|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> Parks within the city centre include [[Hyde Park, Sydney|Hyde Park]], [[The Domain, Sydney|The Domain]], and [[Prince Alfred Park, Sydney|Prince Alfred Park]]. The outer suburbs include [[Centennial Park, New South Wales|Centennial Park]] and [[Moore Park, New South Wales|Moore Park]] in the east, [[Sydney Park]] and the [[Royal National Park]] in the south, [[Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park]] in the north, and the [[Western Sydney Parklands]] in the west. The Royal National Park was proclaimed on 26 April 1879 and with {{convert|13200|ha|sqmi|0|abbr=off}} is the second oldest national park in the world.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Office of Environment and Heritage|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0030|title=Royal National Park|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> The largest park in the Sydney metropolitan region is Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, established in 1894 with an area of {{convert|15400|ha|sqmi|0|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Office of Environment and Heritage|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHistory.aspx?id=N0019|title=Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park history|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> It is regarded for its well-preserved records of [[Indigenous Australians|indigenous]] habitation and more than 800 rock engravings, cave drawings, and middens have been located in the park.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Office of Environment and Heritage|date=2014|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkAboriginalHeritage.aspx?id=N0019|title=Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park heritage|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> [[File:HydeParkSandringham gobeirne.jpg|thumbnail|left|[[Hyde Park, Sydney|Sandringham Memorial Gardens]]]] The area now known as The Domain was set aside by Governor [[Arthur Phillip]] in 1788 as his private reserve.<ref name="Royal Botanic Gardens history">{{cite web|publisher=Office of Environment and Heritage|date=2014|url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/welcome/royal_botanic_garden/history|title=Royal Botanic Gardens history|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> Under the orders of Macquarie the land to the immediate north of The Domain became the Royal Botanic Gardens in 1816. This makes them the oldest botanic garden in Australia.<ref name="Royal Botanic Gardens history"/> The Gardens are not just a place for exploration and relaxation, but also for scientific research with herbarium collections, a library, and laboratories.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/royal_botanic_gardens|title=Royal Botanic Gardens|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> The two parks have a total area of {{convert|64|ha|sqmi|1|abbr=off}} with 8,900 individual plant species and receive over 3.5 million annual visits.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Office of Environment and Heritage|date=2014|url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/welcome/royal_botanic_garden/fast_facts|title=Royal Botanic Gardens fast facts|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> To the south of The Domain is Hyde Park. It is the oldest public parkland in Australia and measures {{convert|16.2|ha|sqmi|1|abbr=off}} in area.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2006|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/138761/Vol1_HydePark_PoMAndMasterplan_Oct2006.pdf|title=Hyde Park plan of management and masterplan|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> Its location was used for both relaxation and the grazing of animals from the earliest days of the colony.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/sydneys-history/people-and-places/park-histories/hyde-park|title=Hyde Park|accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> Macquarie dedicated it in 1810 for the "recreation and amusement of the inhabitants of the town" and named it in honour of the original [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park in London]]. ==Economy== {{Main|Economy of Sydney}} The prevailing economic theory in effect during early colonial days was [[mercantilism]], as it was throughout most of [[Western Europe]].<ref name="Economy">{{cite web|last=Wotherspoon|first=Garry|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/economy|title=Economy|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> The economy struggled at first due to difficulties in cultivating the land and the lack of a stable monetary system. Governor [[Lachlan Macquarie]] solved the second problem by creating [[holey dollar|two coins]] from every [[Spanish dollar|Spanish silver dollar]] in circulation.<ref name="Economy"/> The economy was clearly [[capitalism|capitalist]] in nature by the 1840s as the proportion of free settlers increased, the maritime and wool industries flourished, and the powers of the [[East India Company]] were curtailed.<ref name="Economy"/> Wheat, gold, and other minerals became additional export industries towards the end of the 1800s.<ref name="Economy"/> Significant capital began to flow into the city from the 1870s to finance roads, railways, bridges, docks, courthouses, schools, and hospitals. [[Protectionism|Protectionist]] policies after [[federation of Australia|federation]] allowed for the creation of a manufacturing industry which became the city's largest employer by the 1920s.<ref name="Economy"/> These same policies helped to relieve the effects of the [[Great Depression]] during which the unemployment rate in New South Wales reached as high as 32%.<ref name="Economy"/> From the 1960s onwards [[Parramatta]] gained recognition as the city's second central business district and finance and tourism became major industries and sources of employment.<ref name="Economy"/> [[File:City of sydney from the balmain wharf dusk cropped2.jpg|thumb|Sydney's central business district, seen from the [[Balmain, New South Wales|Balmain]] wharf at dusk]] Researchers from [[Loughborough University]] have awarded Sydney status amongst the top ten world cities that are highly integrated into the global economy.<ref name="The world according to GaWC 2012"/> The Global Economic Power Index ranks Sydney number eleven in the world.<ref name="The 25 most economically powerful cities in the world"/> The Global Cities Index recognises it as number fourteen in the world based on global engagement.<ref name="2014 Global Cities Index"/> The city has been ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity.<ref name="Cities of opportunity"/> Sydney's gross regional product was $337.45 billion in 2013 with the [[City of Sydney]] responsible for $95.18 billion of this total.<ref name="Australian cities accounts"/><ref name="Economic profile"/> The Financial and Insurance Services industry accounts for 18.1% of gross product and is ahead of Professional Services with 9% and Manufacturing with 7.2%. In addition to Financial Services and Tourism, the Creative and Technology sectors are focus industries for the City of Sydney and represented 9% and 11% of its economic output in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/business/business-support/business-in-your-sector/key-industries/creative-and-digital|title=Creative and digital|accessdate=22 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wade|first=Matt|date=2014|url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/nsw-dominates-creative-industries-report-20140629-zspzy.html|title=NSW dominates creative industries: report|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> ===Corporate citizens=== There were 451,000 businesses based in Sydney in 2011, including 48% of the top 500 companies in Australia and two-thirds of the regional headquarters of multinational corporations.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Regional Development Australia|date=2010|url=http://www.rdasydney.org.au/the-sydney-region/economic-profile/|title=Economic profile|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> Global companies are attracted to the city in part because its time zone spans the closing of business in North America and the opening of business in Europe. Most foreign companies in Sydney maintain significant sales and service functions but comparably less production, research, and development capabilities.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Business Foundation|date=2009|url=http://www.nswbusinesschamber.com.au/NSWBC/media/Misc/Ask%20Us%20How/Global-Connections-a-study-of-multinational-companies-in-Sydney.pdf|title=Global connections: a study of multinational companies in Sydney|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> Australian companies based in Sydney include [[Woolworths Limited|Woolworths]], [[Westpac]], [[Qantas]], [[Coca-Cola Amatil]], the [[Australian Securities Exchange]], [[AMP Limited|AMP]], [[Caltex]], [[Fairfax Media]], the [[Commonwealth Bank of Australia|Commonwealth Bank]], [[Optus]], [[Macquarie Group]], [[Westfield Group|Westfield]], [[Origin Energy]], [[Cochlear Limited|Cochlear]], and [[David Jones Limited|David Jones]]. Multinational companies with regional offices in Sydney include [[Pfizer]], [[Cathay Pacific]], [[Boeing]], [[Merck & Co]], [[Parmalat]], [[Rolls-Royce Holdings|Rolls-Royce]], [[Intel]], [[Cisco Systems]], [[American Express]], [[Yahoo!]], [[CA Technologies|Computer Associates]], [[IBM]], [[Philips]], and [[Vodafone]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2000|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/la/qala.nsf/0/ca25708400173f67ca25706c0022f5a5|title=Multinational companies regional headquarters|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> ===Domestic economics=== Sydney has been ranked between the fifteenth and the fifth most expensive city in the world and is the most expensive city in Australia.<ref name="Prices and earnings">{{cite web|publisher=UBS|date=2012|url=http://www.ubs.com/pricesandearnings|title=Prices and earnings|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Levy|first=Megan|date=2014|url=http://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/sydney-melbourne-more-expensive-than-new-york-says-living-index-20140305-3466w.html|title=Sydney, Melbourne more expensive than New York, says Living Index|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> To compensate, workers receive the seventh highest wage levels of any city in the world.<ref name="Prices and earnings"/> Sydney ranks tenth in the world in terms of quality of living and its residents possess the highest purchasing power of any city after [[Zürich]].<ref name="Prices and earnings"/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Mercer|date=2014|url=http://www.mercer.com.au/newsroom/mercer-2014-quality-of-living-index.html|title=2014 Quality of Living Index|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> Working residents of Sydney work an average of 1,846 hours per annum with 15 days of leave.<ref name="Prices and earnings"/> Sydney is the location of 31 of the top 50 best places to work in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BRW|date=2013|url=http://www.brw.com.au/lists/best-places-to-work/2013/|title=Best places to work 2013|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> The labour force of Sydney in 2011 was 2,188,854 with a participation rate of 61.7%. It was made up of 62.1% full-time workers, 26.7% part-time workers, and 5.7% unemployed individuals.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/employment-status|title=Employment status|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> The largest reported occupations are professionals, clerical and administrative workers, managers, technicians, trades workers, and sales workers.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> The largest industries by employment across Sydney are Health Care and Social Assistance with 10.9%, Retail with 9.8%, Professional Services with 9.6%, Manufacturing with 8.5%, Education and Training with 7.6%, Construction with 7.1%, and Financial and Insurance Services with 6.6%.<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/> The Professional Services and Financial and Insurance Services industries account for 26.9% of employment within the City of Sydney.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/industries|title=Industry sector of employment|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> 62.8% of working age residents had a total weekly income of less than $1,000 and 29.1% had a total weekly income of $1,000 or more.<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/> The median weekly income for the same period was $619 for individuals, $2,302 for families without children, and $2,537 for families with children.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> Unemployment in the City of Sydney averaged 4.6% for the decade to 2013, much lower than the current rate of unemployment in [[Western Sydney]] of 7.3%.<ref name="Economic profile"/><ref name="The daily exodus from western Sydney">{{cite news|last=Wade|first=Matt|date=2014|url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/the-daily-exodus-from-western-sydney-20140404-363zz.html|title=The daily exodus from western Sydney|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> Western Sydney continues to struggle to create jobs to meet its population growth despite the development of commercial centres like Parramatta. Each day about 200,000 commuters travel from Western Sydney to the central business district and suburbs in the east and north of the city.<ref name="The daily exodus from western Sydney"/> Home ownership in Sydney was less common than renting prior to World War II but this trend has since reversed.<ref name="Housing Sydney"/> Median house prices have increased by an average of 8.6% per annum since 1970.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Abelson|first1=Peter|last2=Chung|first2=Demi|date=2004|url=http://www.econ.mq.edu.au/Econ_docs/research_papers2/2004_research_papers/Abelson_9_04.pdf|title=Housing prices in Australia: 1970 to 2003|publisher=Macquarie University|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=2014|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/6416.0Main+Features1Mar%202014?OpenDocument|title=Residential property price indexes: eight capital cities|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> The median house price in Sydney in March 2014 was $630,000.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=RP Data|date=2014|url=http://www.rpdata.com/images/stories/content/pressreleases/2014-04-01--rpdata-rismark-home-value-index.pdf|title=Home value index results|accessdate=26 July 2014}}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}</ref> The primary cause for rising prices is the increasing cost of land which made up 32% of house prices in 1977 compared to 60% in 2002.<ref name="Housing Sydney"/> 31.6% of dwellings in Sydney are rented, 30.4% are owned outright, and 34.8% are owned with a mortgage.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> 11.8% of mortgagees in 2011 had monthly loan repayments of less than $1,000 and 82.9% had monthly repayments of $1,000 or more.<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/> 44.9% of renters for the same period had weekly rent of less than $350 whilst 51.7% had weekly rent of $350 or more. The median weekly rent in Sydney is $450.<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/> ===Financial services=== [[File:(1)Commonwealth Bank Martin Place.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Commonwealth Bank of Australia|Commonwealth Bank]], Martin Place]] Macquarie gave a charter in 1817 to form the first bank in Australia, the [[Bank of New South Wales]].<ref name="Australia's banking history">{{cite web|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=1998|url=http://www.abc.net.au/money/currency/features/feat3.htm|title=Australia's banking history|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> New private banks opened throughout the 1800s but the financial system was unstable. Bank collapses were a frequent occurrence and a crisis point was reached in 1893 when 12 banks failed.<ref name="Australia's banking history"/> The Bank of New South Wales exists to this day as [[Westpac]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/bank_of_new_south_wales|title=Bank of New South Wales|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> The [[Commonwealth Bank of Australia]] was formed in Sydney in 1911 and began to issue notes backed by the resources of the nation. It was replaced in this role in 1959 by the [[Reserve Bank of Australia]] which is also based in Sydney.<ref name="Australia's banking history"/> The [[Australian Securities Exchange]] began operating in 1987 and with a market capitalisation of $1.6 trillion is now one of the ten largest exchanges in the world.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=ASX|date=2014|url=http://www.asx.com.au/about/history.htm|title=History|accessdate=31 August 2014}}</ref> The Financial and Insurance Services industry now constitutes 43% of the economic product of the City of Sydney.<ref name="Economic powerhouse"/> Sydney makes up half of Australia's finance sector and has been promoted by consecutive Commonwealth Governments as [[Asia Pacific]]'s leading financial centre.<ref name="Tough week for a Sydney success story"/><ref name="Another shot at making city a finance hub"/> [[Structured finance]] was pioneered in Sydney and the city is a leading hub for [[asset management]] firms.<ref>{{cite news|last=Murray|first=Lisa|date=2005|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/Business/Sydneys-niche-in-global-finance/2005/04/26/1114462041806.html|title=Sydney's niche in global finance|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> In 1985 the Federal Government granted 16 banking licences to foreign banks and now 40 of the 43 foreign banks operating in Australia are based in Sydney, including the [[People's Bank of China]], [[Bank of America]], [[Citigroup]], [[UBS]], [[Mizuho Bank]], [[Bank of China]], [[Banco Santander]], [[Credit Suisse]], [[State Street Corporation|State Street]], [[HSBC]], [[Deutsche Bank]], [[Barclays]], [[Royal Bank of Canada]], [[Société Générale]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland]], [[Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation|Sumitomo Mitsui]], [[ING Group]], [[BNP Paribas]], and [[Investec]].<ref name="Economic powerhouse"/><ref name="Australia's banking history"/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of Trade and Investment|date=2014|url=http://www.business.nsw.gov.au/doing-business-in-nsw/industry-sectors/finance-and-banking/financial-services|title=Financial services|accessdate=26 July 2014}}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Prudential Regulation Authority|date=2014|url=http://www.apra.gov.au/adi/pages/adilist.aspx|title=List of authorised deposit-taking institutions|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> ===Manufacturing=== Sydney has been a manufacturing city since the [[protectionism|protectionist]] policies of the 1920s. By 1961 the industry accounted for 39% of all employment and by 1970 over 30% of all Australian manufacturing jobs were in Sydney.<ref name="Sydney">{{cite web|last=Fitzgerald|first=Shirley|date=2011|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sydney|title=Sydney|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> Its status has declined in more recent decades, making up 12.6% of employment in 2001 and 8.5% in 2011.<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/><ref name="Sydney"/> Between 1970 and 1985 there was a loss of 180,000 manufacturing jobs.<ref name="Sydney"/> The city is still the largest manufacturing centre in Australia. Its manufacturing output of $21.7 billion in 2013 was greater than that of [[Melbourne]] with $18.9 billion.<ref name="Sydney takes manufacturing capital crown from Melbourne">{{cite news|last=Wade|first=Matt|date=2014|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/sydney-takes-manufacturing-capital-crown-from-melbourne-20140207-327c3.html|title=Sydney takes manufacturing capital crown from Melbourne|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> Observers have noted Sydney's focus on the domestic market and high-tech manufacturing as reasons for its resilience against the high [[Australian dollar]] of the early 2010s.<ref name="Sydney takes manufacturing capital crown from Melbourne"/> ===Tourism and international education=== {{Main|Tourism in Sydney}} [[File:QVB night.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Queen Victoria Building]], a nineteenth century shopping centre in the central business district.]] Sydney hosted over 2.8 million international visitors in 2013 or nearly half of all international visits to Australia.<ref name="Our global city">{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/research-and-statistics/the-city-at-a-glance/global-sydney/our-global-city|title=Our global city|accessdate=21 July 2014}}</ref> These visitors spent 59 million nights in the city and a total of $5.9 billion.<ref name="Our global city"/> The countries of origin in descending order were China, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Germany, Hong Kong, and India.<ref name="Travel to Sydney">{{cite web|publisher=Destination New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.destinationnsw.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Sydney-YE-Dec-13.pdf|title=Travel to Sydney|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> The city also received 8.3 million domestic overnight visitors in 2013 who spent a total of $6 billion.<ref name="Travel to Sydney"/> [[File:Tourists and Sydney Opera Hosue.jpg|thumb|left|Tourists visiting the [[Sydney Opera House]]]] Sydney has been ranked amongst the top fifteen cities in the world for tourism every year since 2000.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dennis|first=Anthony|date=2013|url=http://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-planning/travel-news/too-expensive-sydney-slips-from-top-10-tourism-list-20130704-2pdh4.html|title="Too expensive" Sydney slips from top 10 tourism list|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Travel + Leisure|date=2014|url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/worlds-best-cities-2014-winners-list|title=World's Best Cities 2014 winners list|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> 26,700 workers in the City of Sydney were directly employed by tourism in 2011.<ref name="Tourism">{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2013|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/business/business-support/business-in-your-sector/key-industries/tourism|title=Tourism|accessdate=21 July 2014}}</ref> There were 480,000 visitors and 27,500 people staying overnight each day in 2012.<ref name="Tourism"/> On average, the tourism industry contributes $36 million to the city's economy per day.<ref name="Tourism"/> Popular destinations include the [[Sydney Opera House]], the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]], [[Watsons Bay, New South Wales|Watsons Bay]], [[The Rocks, Sydney|The Rocks]], [[Sydney Tower]], [[Darling Harbour]], the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Royal Botanic Gardens]], the [[Royal National Park]], the [[Australian Museum]], the [[Museum of Contemporary Art Australia|Museum of Contemporary Art]], the [[Art Gallery of New South Wales]], the [[Queen Victoria Building]], [[Taronga Zoo]], [[Bondi Beach]], the [[Blue Mountains (New South Wales)|Blue Mountains]], and [[Sydney Olympic Park]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenwood|first1=Justine|last2=White|first2=Richard|date=2011|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/tourism|title=Tourism|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> Sydney is the highest ranking city in the world for international students. More than 50,000 international students study at the city's universities and a further 50,000 study at its [[TAFE NSW|vocational]] and English language schools.<ref name="2014 Global Cities Index"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Alexandra|date=2014|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/education/sydney-named-top-destination-in-the-world-for-international-students-20140427-zqz2a.html|title=Sydney named top destination in the world for international students|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> International education contributes $1.6 billion to the local economy and creates demand for 4,000 local jobs each year.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/business/business-support/business-in-your-sector/key-industries/international-education|title=International education|accessdate=23 July 2014}}</ref> ==Demographics== {{Main|Demographics of Sydney}} {| class="infobox" style="float:right;" | style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | '''Largest overseas born populations'''<ref name="Where do migrants live">{{cite web|title=Where do migrants live?|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0main+features102014#SYDNEY|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=27 June 2014}}</ref> |- ! Country of birth ||Population (2011) |- | United Kingdom ||155,065 |- | China ||146,853 |- | India ||86,767 |- | New Zealand ||77,297 |- | Vietnam ||69,405 |- | Philippines ||61,122 |- | Lebanon ||54,215 |- | South Korea ||39,694 |- | Italy ||39,155 |- | Hong Kong ||36,804 |} The population of Sydney in 1788 was less than 1,000.<ref name="Immigration">{{cite web|last=Jupp|first=James|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/immigration|title=Immigration|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> With convict transportation it tripled in ten years to 2,953.<ref name="Australian historical population statistics">{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=2006|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3105.0.65.001Main+Features12006|title=Australian historical population statistics, 2006|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> For each decade since 1961 the population has increased by more than 250,000.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=2008|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/3105.0.65.001|title=Australian historical population statistics, 2008|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> Sydney's population at the time of the 2011 census was 4,391,674.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> It has been forecasted that the population will grow to between 8 and 8.5 million by 2061.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=2013|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3222.0|title=Population projections, Australia, 2012 to 2101|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> Despite this increase, the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] predicts that [[Melbourne]] will replace Sydney as Australia's most populous city by 2053.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wade|first=Matt|date=2014|url=http://www.smh.com.au/comment/why-sydney-is-on-course-to-lose-its-status-as-australias-biggest-city-20140408-zqs9b.html|title=Why Sydney is on course to lose its status as Australia's biggest city|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> The four most densely populated suburbs in Australia are located in Sydney with each having more than 13,000 residents per square kilometre (33,700 residents per square mile).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=2013|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/lookup/3218.0Media%20Release12011-12|title=Regional population growth, Australia, 2011 to 2012|accessdate=18 October 2014}}</ref> [[File:Chinese New Year Parade in Chinatown Sydney.jpg|thumb|left|[[Chinese New Year]] celebrations in [[Chinatown, Sydney|Chinatown]]. Sydney is home to the largest Chinese population in Oceania.<ref>http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/$File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement</ref>]] The median age of Sydney residents is 36 and 12.9% of people are 65 or older.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> The married population accounts for 49.7% of Sydney whilst 34.7% of people have never been married.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> 48.9% of couples have children and 33.5% of couples do not.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> 32.5% of people in Sydney speak a language other than English at home with [[Arabic]], [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]], [[Cantonese]], [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], and [[Greek language|Greek]] the most widely spoken.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/><ref name="Population, dwellings, and ethnicity"/> There were 54,746 people of [[indigenous Australians|indigenous]] heritage living in Sydney in 2011.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> Most immigrants to Sydney between 1840 and 1930 were British, Irish, or Chinese. There were significant clusters of people based on nationality or religion throughout the history of Sydney development. In the early 20th century Irish people were centred in Surry Hills, the Scottish in Paddington. Since the mass migration following World War II has seen further ethnic groups establish. Including but not limited to Greek, Lebanese, Italian, Czech, Lithuanian, Polish, German, Sri Lankan, Filipino, Korean, and Fijian communities.<ref name="Immigration"/> As of the 2011 census night there were 1,503,620 people living in Sydney that were born overseas, accounting for 42.5% of the population of the [[City of Sydney]] and 34.2% of the population of Sydney, the seventh greatest proportion of any city in the world.<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=.id|date=2014|url=http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/birthplace|title=Birthplace|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mele|first=Nicola|date=2014|url=http://webdiary.com.au/cms/?q=node/2622|title=When diversity means cultural richness|publisher=Webdiary|accessdate=14 September 2014}}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}</ref> Sydney's largest ancestry groups are English, Australian, Irish, Chinese, and Scottish.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> Foreign countries of birth with the greatest representation are England, China, India, New Zealand, and Vietnam.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> The concentration of immigrants in Sydney, relative to the rest of Australia (excluding Melbourne), make it the exception rather than the norm on having such a high foreign born population. ==Culture== {{Main|Culture of Sydney}} [[File:Art Gallery of New South Wales at night.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Art Gallery of New South Wales]], located in [[The Domain]], is the fourth largest public gallery in Australia]] ===Science, art, and history=== The [[Australian Museum]] opened in Sydney in 1857 with the purpose of collecting and displaying the natural wealth of the colony.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ellmoos|first=Laila|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/australian_museum|title=Australian Museum|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> It remains Australia's oldest natural history museum. In 1995 the [[Museum of Sydney]] opened on the site of the first [[Government House, Sydney|Government House]]. It recounts the story of the city's development.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ellmoos|first1=Laila|last2=Walden|first2=Inara|date=2011|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/museum_of_sydney|title=Museum of Sydney|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> Other museums based in Sydney include the [[Powerhouse Museum]] and the [[Australian National Maritime Museum]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Powerhouse Museum|date=2014|url=http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/about/about-museum.php|title=About the Powerhouse Museum|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian National Maritime Museum|date=2014|url=http://www.anmm.gov.au/about-us/who-we-are/our-museum|title=Our Museum: history and vision|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> In 1866 then [[Queen Victoria]] gave her assent to the formation of the [[Royal Society of New South Wales]]. The Society exists "for the encouragement of studies and investigations in science, art, literature, and philosophy". It is based in a terrace house in [[Darlington, New South Wales|Darlington]] owned by the [[University of Sydney]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tyler|first=Peter|date=2010|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/royal_society_of_new_south_wales|title=Royal Society of New South Wales|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> The [[Sydney Observatory]] building was constructed in 1859 and used for astronomy and meteorology research until 1982 before being converted into a museum.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ellmoos|first=Laila|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sydney_observatory_building|title=Sydney Observatory building|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> [[File:ANZAC War Memorial, Hyde Park, Sydney.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Anzac War Memorial]] in [[Hyde Park, Sydney|Hyde Park]] is a public memorial dedicated to the achievement of the [[First Australian Imperial Force|Australian Imperial Force]] of [[World War I]].<ref>"[http://www.anzacday.org.au/education/tff/memorials/nsw.html ANZAC Memorial, Sydney]", ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee (Qld) Incorporated, 1998.</ref>]] The [[Museum of Contemporary Art Australia|Museum of Contemporary Art]] was opened in 1991 and occupies an [[Art Deco]] building in [[Circular Quay]]. Its collection was founded in the 1940s by artist and art collector John Power and has been maintained by the University of Sydney.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ellmoos|first=Laila|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/museum_of_contemporary_art|title=Museum of Contemporary Art|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> Sydney's other significant art institution is the [[Art Gallery of New South Wales]] which coordinates the coveted [[Archibald Prize]] for portraiture.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Art Gallery of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/about-us/|title=About us|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> Contemporary art galleries are found in [[Waterloo, New South Wales|Waterloo]], [[Surry Hills, New South Wales|Surry Hills]], [[Darlinghurst, New South Wales|Darlinghurst]], [[Paddington, New South Wales|Paddington]], [[Chippendale, New South Wales|Chippendale]], [[Newtown, New South Wales|Newtown]], and [[Woollahra, New South Wales|Woollahra]]. ===Entertainment=== [[File:State Theatre, Sydney.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|The [[State Theatre (Sydney)|State Theatre]] on Market Street opened in 1929 and has hosted the Sydney Film Festival since 1974.]] Sydney's first commercial theatre opened in 1832 and nine more had commenced performances by the late 1920s. The live medium lost much of its popularity to cinema during the [[Great Depression]] before experiencing a revival after World War II.<ref>{{cite web|last=McPherson|first=Ailsa|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/theatre|title=Theatre|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> Prominent theatres in the city today include [[State Theatre (Sydney)|State Theatre]], [[Theatre Royal, Sydney|Theatre Royal]], [[Sydney Theatre]], [[The Wharf Theatre]], and [[Capitol Theatre, Sydney|Capitol Theatre]]. [[Sydney Theatre Company]] maintains a roster of local, classical, and international plays. It occasionally features Australian theatre icons such as [[David Williamson]], [[Hugo Weaving]], and [[Geoffrey Rush]]. The city's other prominent theatre companies are [[New Theatre (Newtown)|New Theatre]], [[Belvoir (theatre company)|Belvoir]], and [[Griffin Theatre Company]]. The [[Sydney Opera House]] is the home of [[Opera Australia]] and [[Sydney Symphony]]. It has staged over 100,000 performances and received 100 million visitors since opening in 1973.<ref name="Sydney Opera House"/> Two other important performance venues in Sydney are [[Sydney Town Hall|Town Hall]] and the [[City Recital Hall]]. The [[Sydney Conservatorium of Music]] is located adjacent to the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Royal Botanic Gardens]] and serves the Australian music community through education and its biannual [[Australian Music Examinations Board]] exams.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Conservatorium of Music|date=2014|url=http://music.sydney.edu.au/about/history/|title=History|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> Filmmaking in Sydney was quite prolific until the 1920s when spoken films were introduced and American productions gained dominance in Australian cinema.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Balint|first1=Ruth|last2=Dolgopolov|first2=Greg|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/film|title=Film|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> [[Fox Studios Australia]] commenced production in Sydney in 1998. Successful films shot in Sydney since then include ''[[The Matrix]]'', ''[[Mission: Impossible II]]'', ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'', ''[[Australia (2008 film)|Australia]]'', and ''[[The Great Gatsby (2013 film)|The Great Gatsby]]''. The [[National Institute of Dramatic Art]] is based in Sydney and has several famous alumni such as [[Mel Gibson]], [[Judy Davis]], [[Baz Luhrmann]], and [[Cate Blanchett]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=National Institute of Dramatic Art|date=2014|url=http://www.nida.edu.au/about-nida/history|title=History|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> [[File:Sydney Harbour during Vivid Sydney 2015.jpg|thumb|right|260px|The Sydney Harbour Bridge and [[Sydney Opera House]] illuminated during the 2015 [[Vivid Sydney]] festival of light.]] Sydney is the host of several festivals throughout the year. The city's [[New Year's Eve]] celebrations are the largest in Australia.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kaur|first=Jaskiran|date=2013|url=http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/531947/20131227/party-new-year-s-eve-australia-sydney.htm|title=Where to party in Australia on New Year's Eve|publisher=International Business Times|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> The [[Sydney Royal Easter Show|Royal Easter Show]] is held every year at [[Sydney Olympic Park]]. [[Sydney Festival]] is Australia's largest arts festival.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Festival|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneyfestival.org.au/About/About-Us/|title=About us|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> [[Big Day Out]] is a travelling rock music festival that originated in Sydney. The city's two largest film festivals are [[Sydney Film Festival]] and [[Tropfest]]. [[Vivid Sydney]] is an annual outdoor exhibition of art installations, light projections, and music. Sydney hosts the [[Australian Fashion Week]] in autumn. The [[Sydney Mardi Gras]] has commenced each February since 1979. Sydney's [[Chinatown, Sydney|Chinatown]] has had numerous locations since the 1850s. It moved from George Street to Campbell Street to its current setting in Dixon Street in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fitzgerald|first=Shirley|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/chinatown|title=Chinatown|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> The Spanish Quarter is based in Liverpool Street whilst Little Italy is located in Stanley Street.<ref name="Economy"/> Popular nightspots are found at [[Kings Cross, New South Wales|Kings Cross]], [[Oxford Street, Sydney|Oxford Street]], [[Circular Quay]], and [[The Rocks, Sydney|The Rocks]]. [[The Star (casino)|The Star]] is the city's only casino and is situated around [[Darling Harbour]]. ===Religion=== The [[Indigenous Australians|indigenous people]] of Sydney held totemic beliefs known as "[[dreamtime|dreamings]]". [[Lachlan Macquarie|Governor Lachlan Macquarie]] made an effort to found a culture of formal religion throughout the early settlement and ordered the construction of churches such as St Matthew's, St Luke's, [[St James' Church, Sydney|St James's]], and St Andrew's.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web|last=Carey|first=Hilary|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/religion|title=Religion|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> These and other religious institutions have contributed to the education and health of Sydney's residents over time. 28.3% identify themselves as [[Catholicism|Catholic]], whilst 17.6% practice no religion, 16.1% are [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], 4.7% are Islamic, 4.2% are [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], 4.1% are Buddhist, 2.6% are Hindu, and 0.9% are Jewish.<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/><ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> ===Sport and outdoor activities=== Sydney's earliest migrants brought with them a passion for sport but were restricted by the lack of facilities and equipment. The first organised sports were boxing, wrestling, and horse racing from 1810 in [[Hyde Park, Sydney|Hyde Park]].<ref name="Sport">{{cite web|last=Cashman|first=Richard|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sport|title=Sport|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> Horse racing remains popular to this day and events such as the [[Golden Slipper Stakes]] attract widespread attention. The first cricket club was formed in 1826 and matches were played within Hyde Park throughout the 1830s and 1840s.<ref name="Sport"/> Cricket is a favoured sport in summer and big matches have been held at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] since 1878. The [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales Blues]] compete in the [[Sheffield Shield]] league and the [[Sydney Sixers]] and [[Sydney Thunder]] contest the national [[Big Bash League|Big Bash]] Twenty20 competition. [[File:NRL Grand Final 2006.JPG|thumb|The [[2006 NRL Grand Final]] in Sydney at Stadium Australia]] Rugby was played from 1865 as sport in general gained more popularity and better organisation. One-tenth of the colony attended a [[New South Wales]] versus New Zealand rugby match in 1907.<ref name="Sport"/> Rugby league separated from rugby union in 1908. The [[New South Wales Waratahs]] contest the [[Super Rugby]] competition. The national [[Wallabies]] rugby union team competes in Sydney in international matches such as the [[Bledisloe Cup]], [[The Rugby Championship|Rugby Championship]], and [[Rugby World Cup|World Cup]]. Sydney is home to nine of the sixteen teams in the [[National Rugby League]] competition: [[Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs]], [[Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks]], [[Manly Sea Eagles]], [[Penrith Panthers]], [[Parramatta Eels]], [[South Sydney Rabbitohs]], [[St George Illawarra Dragons]], [[Sydney Roosters]], and [[Wests Tigers]]. [[New South Wales rugby league team|New South Wales]] contests the annual [[State of Origin series]] against [[Queensland rugby league team|Queensland]]. [[Sydney FC]] and the [[Western Sydney Wanderers]] compete in the [[A-League]] soccer tournament and Sydney frequently hosts matches for the Australian national team, the [[Socceroos]]. The [[Sydney Swans]] and the [[Greater Western Sydney Giants]] are local [[Australian rules football]] clubs that play in the [[Australian Football League]]. The [[Sydney Kings]] compete in the [[National Basketball League (Australia)|National Basketball League]]. The [[Sydney Uni Flames]] play in the [[Women's National Basketball League]]. The [[Sydney Blue Sox]] contest the [[Australian Baseball League]]. The [[New South Wales Waratahs (field hockey)|Waratahs]] are a member of the [[Australian Hockey League]]. The [[Sydney Bears]] and [[Sydney Ice Dogs]] play in the [[Australian Ice Hockey League]]. The [[New South Wales Swifts|Swifts]] are competitors in the national women's netball league. [[File:Sydney harbour and sailboats.jpg|thumb|left|Sailing on [[Port Jackson|Sydney Harbour]]]] Women were first allowed to participate in recreational swimming when separate baths were opened at [[Woolloomooloo|Woolloomooloo Bay]] in the 1830s. From being illegal at the beginning of the century, sea bathing gained immense popularity during the early 1900s and the first [[surf lifesaving]] club was established at [[Bondi Beach]].<ref name="Sport"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Fenner|first=Peter|date=2005|title=Surf Life Saving Australia|journal=South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal|page=33 to 43}}</ref> [[City2Surf (Sydney)|City2Surf]] is an annual {{convert|14|km|mi|1|abbr=off|adj=on}} run from the [[Sydney central business district|central business district]] to [[Bondi Beach]] and has been held since 1971. 80,000 participants ran in 2010 which made it the largest run of its kind in the world.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City2Surf|date=2014|url=http://www.city2surf.com.au/timeline/|title=Timeline|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> Sailing races have been held on [[Port Jackson|Sydney Harbour]] since 1827.<ref>{{cite web|last=de Montfort|first=Carlin|date=2010|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sailing|title=Sailing|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> Yachting has been popular amongst wealthier residents since the 1840s and the [[Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron]] was founded in 1862. The [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]] is a {{convert|1170|km|mi|0|abbr=off|adj=on}} event that starts from Sydney Harbour on Boxing Day.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=About.com|date=2014|url=http://goaustralia.about.com/od/eventsandfestivals/a/sydhob.htm|title=Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> Since its inception in 1945 it has been recognised as one of the most difficult yacht races in the world.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=2001|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/sailing/1721104.stm|title=Tough legacy of a Sydney classic|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> Six sailors died and 71 vessels of the fleet of 115 failed to finish in the 1998 edition.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sydney_to_hobart_yacht_race|title=Sydney to Hobart yacht race|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> The [[Royal Sydney Golf Club]] is based in [[Rose Bay, New South Wales|Rose Bay]] and since its opening in 1893 has hosted the [[Australian Open (golf)|Australian Open]] on 13 occasions.<ref name="Sport"/> [[Royal Randwick Racecourse]] opened in 1833 and holds several major cups throughout the year.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Royal Randwick Racecourse|date=2014|url=http://www.randwickracecourse.com.au|title=Randwick Race Course|accessdate=30 August 2014}}</ref> Sydney benefitted from the construction of significant sporting infrastructure in preparation for its hosting of the [[2000 Summer Olympics]]. [[Sydney Olympic Park]] accommodates athletics, aquatics, tennis, hockey, archery, baseball, cycling, equestrian, and rowing facilities. It also includes the high capacity [[Stadium Australia]] used for rugby, soccer, and Australian rules football. [[Sydney Football Stadium]] was completed in 1988 and is used for rugby and soccer matches. [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] was opened in 1878 and is used for both cricket and Australian rules football fixtures.<ref name="Sport"/> ===Media=== {{Main|Media in Sydney}} ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' is Australia's oldest newspaper still in print. Now a [[compact (newspaper)|compact form]] paper owned by [[Fairfax Media]], it has been published continuously since 1831.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lagan|first=Bernard|date=2012|url=http://www.theglobalmail.org/feature/breaking-news-and-hearts-at-the-herald/277/|title=Breaking: news and hearts at the Herald|publisher=The Global Mail|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> Its competitor is the [[News Corporation]] [[tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]] ''[[The Daily Telegraph (Australia)|The Daily Telegraph]]'' which has been in print since 1879.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Clancy|first=Laurie|date=2004|title=The media and cinema|journal=Culture and Customs of Australia|page=126}}</ref> Both papers have Sunday tabloid editions called ''[[The Sun-Herald]]'' and ''[[The Sunday Telegraph (Australia)|The Sunday Telegraph]]'' respectively. ''[[The Bulletin]]'' was founded in Sydney in 1880 and became Australia's longest running magazine. It closed after 128 years of continuous publication.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wotherspoon|first=Garry|date=2010|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/the_bulletin|title=The Bulletin|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> Each of Australia's three commercial television networks and two public broadcasters is headquartered in Sydney. [[Nine Network|Nine]]'s offices are based in [[Willoughby, New South Wales|Willoughby]],<ref name="Network contacts">{{cite web|publisher=Free TV|date=2014|url=http://www.freetv.com.au/content_common/pg-tv-station-members.seo|title=Network contacts|accessdate=24 August 2014}}</ref> [[Network Ten|Ten]] and [[Seven Network|Seven]] are based in [[Pyrmont, New South Wales|Pyrmont]],<ref name="Network contacts"/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Network Ten|date=2014|url=http://tenplay.com.au/contact-us|title=Contact us|accessdate=24 August 2014}}</ref> the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] is located in [[Ultimo, New South Wales|Ultimo]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=2014|url=http://about.abc.net.au/where-to-find-us/abc-offices/|title=ABC offices|accessdate=24 August 2014}}</ref> and the [[Special Broadcasting Service]] is based in [[Artarmon, New South Wales|Artarmon]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Special Broadcasting Service|date=2014|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/aboutus/contact/index/id/141/h/Contact-Details|title=Contact|accessdate=24 August 2014}}</ref> Multiple digital channels have been provided by all five networks since 2000. [[Foxtel]] is based in [[North Ryde, New South Wales|North Ryde]] and sells subscription cable television to most parts of the urban area.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Foxtel|date=2014|url=http://www.foxtel.com.au/about-foxtel/contact/default.htm|title=Contact Foxtel|accessdate=24 August 2014}}</ref> Sydney's first radio stations commenced broadcasting in the 1920s. Radio became a popular tool for politics, news, religion, and sport and has managed to survive despite the introduction of television and the Internet.<ref name="Commercial radio">{{cite web|last=Griffen-Foley|first=Bridget|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/commercial_radio|title=Commercial radio|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> [[2UE]] was founded in 1925 and under the ownership of Fairfax Media is the oldest station still broadcasting.<ref name="Commercial radio"/> Competing stations include the more popular [[2GB]], [[702 ABC Sydney]], [[KIIS 106.5]], [[2MMM|Triple M]], [[Nova 96.9]], and [[2Day FM]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bodey|first=Michael|date=2010|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/media/major-players-maintain-leading-shares-in-second-radio-ratings-survey-of-2010/story-e6frg996-1225847441946|title=Major players maintain leading shares in second radio ratings survey of 2010|work=The Australian|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> ==Government== {{See also|Local government areas of New South Wales}} ===Historical governance=== During early colonial times the presiding [[Governor of New South Wales|Governor]] and his military shared absolute control over the population.<ref name="Early European settlement"/> This lack of democracy eventually became unacceptable for the colony's growing number of free settlers. The first indications of a proper legal system emerged with the passing of a Charter of Justice in 1814. It established three new courts, including the [[Supreme Court of New South Wales|Supreme Court]], and dictated that [[English law]] was to be followed.<ref name="Governor Lachlan Macquarie">{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryGovernorLachlanMacquarie|title=Governor Lachlan Macquarie|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> In 1823 the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] passed an act to create the [[New South Wales Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] in [[New South Wales]] and give the Supreme Court the right of review over new legislation.<ref name="The first Legislature">{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryFirstLegislature|title=The first Legislature|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> From 1828 all of the common laws in force in England were to be applied in New South Wales wherever it was appropriate.<ref name="The first Legislature"/> Another act from the British Parliament in 1842 provided for members of the Council to be elected for the first time.<ref name="The first Legislature"/> [[File:The legislative council chamber of NSW.jpg|thumb|left|The legislative council chamber inside the New South Wales [[Parliament House, Sydney|Parliament House]]]] The Constitution Act of 1855 gave New South Wales a [[bicameralism|bicameral government]]. The existing Legislative Council became the upper house and a new body called the [[New South Wales Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] was formed to be the lower house.<ref name="Towards responsible government">{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryTowardsResponsibleGovernment|title=Towards responsible government|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> An [[Executive Council of New South Wales|Executive Council]] was introduced and constituted five members of the Legislative Assembly and the Governor.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryResponsibleGovernment|title=Responsible government and colonial development|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> It became responsible for advising the ruling Governor on matters related to the administration of the state. The colonial settlements elsewhere on the continent eventually seceded from New South Wales and formed their own governments. [[Tasmania]] separated in 1825, [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] did so in 1850, and [[Queensland]] followed in 1859.<ref name="Towards responsible government"/> With the proclamation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 the status of local governments across Sydney was formalised and they became separate institutions from the state of New South Wales.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryTowardsFederation|title=Towards federation|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> ===Government in the present=== Sydney is divided into [[local government in Australia|local government areas]] (also known as councils or shires) which are comparable in nature to London's boroughs. These local government areas have elected councils which are responsible for functions delegated to them by the [[Government of New South Wales|New South Wales Government]]. The 38 local government areas making up Sydney according to the [[New South Wales Division of Local Government]] are: {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} * [[Municipality of Ashfield|Ashfield]] * [[Auburn City|Auburn]] * [[City of Bankstown|Bankstown]] * [[City of Blacktown|Blacktown]] * [[City of Botany Bay|Botany Bay]] * [[Burwood Council|Burwood]] * [[Camden Council (New South Wales)|Camden]] {{col-break}} * [[City of Campbelltown (New South Wales)|Campbelltown]] * [[City of Canada Bay|Canada Bay]] * [[City of Canterbury (New South Wales)|Canterbury]] * [[City of Fairfield|Fairfield]] * [[The Hills Shire|The Hills]] * [[City of Holroyd|Holroyd]] * [[Hornsby Shire|Hornsby]] {{col-break}} * [[Municipality of Hunter's Hill|Hunter's Hill]] * [[City of Hurstville|Hurstville]] * [[Municipality of Kogarah|Kogarah]] * [[Ku-ring-gai Council|Ku-ring-gai]] * [[Municipality of Lane Cove|Lane Cove]] * [[Municipality of Leichhardt|Leichhardt]] * [[City of Liverpool (New South Wales)|Liverpool]] {{col-break}} * [[Manly Council|Manly]] * [[Marrickville Council|Marrickville]] * [[Municipality of Mosman|Mosman]] * [[North Sydney Council|North Sydney]] * [[City of Parramatta|Parramatta]] * [[City of Penrith|Penrith]] * [[Pittwater Council|Pittwater]] {{col-break}} * [[City of Randwick|Randwick]] * [[City of Rockdale|Rockdale]] * [[City of Ryde|Ryde]] * [[Municipality of Strathfield|Strathfield]] * [[Sutherland Shire|Sutherland]] * [[City of Sydney|Sydney]] * [[Warringah Council|Warringah]] {{col-break}} * [[Waverley Council|Waverley]] * [[City of Willoughby|Willoughby]] * [[Municipality of Woollahra|Woollahra]] {{col-end}} The [[Parliament of New South Wales]] sits in [[Parliament House, Sydney|Parliament House]] on [[Macquarie Street, Sydney|Macquarie Street]]. This building was completed in 1816 and first served as a hospital. The Legislative Council moved into its northern wing in 1829 and by 1852 had entirely supplanted the surgeons from their quarters.<ref name="Governor Lachlan Macquarie"/> Several additions have been made to the building as the Parliament has expanded, but it retains its original [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] facade.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ellmoos|first=Laila|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/parliament_house|title=Parliament House|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> [[Government House, Sydney|Government House]] was completed in 1845 and has served as the home of 25 Governors and 5 [[Governor-General of Australia|Governors-General]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Living Museums|date=2014|url=http://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/stories/behold-palace|title=Behold a palace|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> [[File:Sydney councils.png|thumb|Sydney's local government areas]] The highest court in the state is the Supreme Court of New South Wales which is located in Queen's Square in Sydney.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Supreme Court of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.supremecourt.justice.nsw.gov.au/supremecourt/SCO2_court_locations.html|title=Court locations|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> The city is also the home of numerous branches of the intermediate [[District Court of New South Wales]] and the lower [[Local Court of New South Wales]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=New South Wales Courts|date=2014|url=http://nswcourts.com.au/courts/|title=Find a court|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> Public activities such as main roads, traffic control, public transport, policing, education, and major infrastructure projects are controlled by the New South Wales Government.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|date=2014|url=http://www.aec.gov.au/About_AEC/Publications/Fact_Sheets/three_lvls.htm|title=Three levels of government|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> It has tended to resist attempts to amalgamate Sydney's more populated local government areas as merged councils could pose a threat to its governmental power.<ref>{{cite book|last=Golder|first=Hilary|year=2004|title=Sacked: removing and remaking the Sydney City Council}}</ref> Established in 1842, the [[City of Sydney]] is one such local government area and includes the [[Sydney central business district|central business district]] and some adjoining inner suburbs.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2005|url=http://cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/AboutSydney/documents/history/hs_chos_history_of_council_1001.pdf|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20050709222141/http://cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/AboutSydney/documents/history/hs_chos_history_of_council_1001.pdf|archivedate=9 July 2005|title=History of Sydney City Council|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> It is responsible for fostering development in the local area, providing local services (waste collection and recycling, libraries, parks, sporting facilities), representing and promoting the interests of residents, supporting organisations that target the local community, and attracting and providing infrastructure for commerce, tourism, and industry.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/council/about-council|title=About Council|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> The City of Sydney is led by an elected Council and [[Lord Mayor of Sydney|Lord Mayor]] who has in the past been treated as a representative of the entire city.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=State Records|date=2014|url=http://investigator.records.nsw.gov.au/Entity.aspx?Path=%5COrganisation%5C21|title=Organisation detail|accessdate=12 October 2014}}</ref> ==Infrastructure== ===Education=== {{Main|Education in Sydney}} Education became a proper focus for the colony from the 1870s when public schools began to form and schooling became compulsory.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Campbell|first1=Craig|last2=Sherington|first2=Geoffrey|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/education|title=Education|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> The population of Sydney is now highly educated. 90% of working age residents have completed some schooling and 57% have completed the highest level of school.<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/> 1,390,703 people were enrolled in an educational institution in 2011 with 45.1% of these attending school and 16.5% studying at a university.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> Undergraduate or postgraduate qualifications are held by 22.5% of working age Sydney residents and 40.2% of working age residents of the [[City of Sydney]].<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=.id|date=2014|url=http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/qualifications|title=Educational qualifications|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> The most common fields of tertiary qualification are commerce (22.8%), engineering (13.4%), society and culture (10.8%), health (7.8%), and education (6.6%).<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/> [[File:Madsen Building, University of Sydney, Australia.jpg|thumb|The Madsen Building at the University of Sydney]] There are six public universities based in Sydney: the [[University of Sydney]], the [[University of Technology, Sydney|University of Technology]], the [[University of New South Wales]], [[Macquarie University]], the [[University of Western Sydney]], and the [[Australian Catholic University]]. Four public universities maintain secondary campuses in the city: the [[University of Notre Dame Australia]], the [[University of Wollongong]], [[Curtin University of Technology]], and the [[University of Newcastle (Australia)|University of Newcastle]]. 5.2% of residents of Sydney are attending a university.<ref name="Education institution attending">{{cite web|publisher=.id|date=2014|url=http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/education|title=Education institution attending|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> The University of Sydney was established in 1850 and remains the oldest university in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=University of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://sydney.edu.au/about/profile/facts-figures.shtml|title=Facts and figures|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> It has been ranked third in Australia and as high as 37 in the world, in the top 0.3%.<ref name="QS world university rankings 2014">{{cite web|publisher=Quacquarelli Symonds|date=2014|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2014#sorting=rank+region=+country=319+faculty=+stars=false+search=|title=QS world university rankings 2014|accessdate=9 November 2014}}</ref> The city's other universities were all founded after World War II. On the same scale the University of New South Wales ranked 48, Macquarie University ranked 254, and the University of Technology ranked 264.<ref name="QS world university rankings 2014"/> Sydney has public, denominational, and independent schools. 7.8% of Sydney residents are attending primary school and 6.4% are enrolled in secondary school.<ref name="Education institution attending"/> There are 935 public preschool, primary, and secondary schools in Sydney that are administered by the [[Department of Education and Communities (New South Wales)|New South Wales Department of Education]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of Education and Communities|date=2014|url=http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/schoolfind/locator/?|title=School locator|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> 14 of the 17 selective secondary schools in New South Wales are based in Sydney.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of Education and Communities|date=2014|url=http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/gotoschool/types/shs_ahs_details.php|title=List of selective and agricultural high schools|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> Public vocational education and training in Sydney is run by [[TAFE NSW|TAFE New South Wales]] and began with the opening of the [[Sydney Technical College]] in 1878. It offered courses in areas such as mechanical drawing, applied mathematics, steam engines, simple surgery, and English grammar.<ref name="Sydney Technical College"/> The College became the [[Sydney Institute of TAFE|Sydney Institute]] in 1992 and now operates alongside its sister TAFE facilities the [[Northern Sydney Institute of TAFE|Northern Sydney Institute]], the [[Western Sydney Institute of TAFE|Western Sydney Institute]], and the [[South Western Sydney Institute of TAFE|South Western Sydney Institute]]. 2.4% of Sydney residents are enrolled in a TAFE course.<ref name="Education institution attending"/> ===Health=== The first hospital in the new colony was a collection of tents at [[The Rocks, Sydney|The Rocks]]. Many of the convicts that survived the trip from England continued to suffer from [[dysentery]], [[smallpox]], [[scurvy]], and [[typhoid]]. Healthcare facilities remained hopelessly inadequate despite the arrival of a prefabricated hospital with the [[Second Fleet (Australia)|Second Fleet]] and the construction of brand new hospitals at [[Parramatta]], [[Windsor, New South Wales|Windsor]], and [[Liverpool, New South Wales|Liverpool]] in the 1790s.<ref name="Hospitals">{{cite web|last=Godden|first=Judith|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/hospitals|title=Hospitals|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref> [[Lachlan Macquarie|Governor Lachlan Macquarie]] arranged for the construction of [[Sydney Hospital]] and saw it completed in 1816.<ref name="Hospitals"/> Parts of the facility have been repurposed for use as [[Parliament House, Sydney|Parliament House]] but the hospital itself still operates to this day. The city's first emergency department was established at Sydney Hospital in 1870. Demand for emergency medical care increased from 1895 with the introduction of an ambulance service.<ref name="Hospitals"/> Healthcare gained recognition as a citizen's right in the early 1900s and Sydney's public hospitals came under the oversight of the [[Government of New South Wales]].<ref name="Hospitals"/> The administration of healthcare across Sydney is handled by eight local health districts: Central Coast, Illawarra Shoalhaven, Sydney, Nepean Blue Mountains, Northern Sydney, South Eastern Sydney, South Western Sydney, and Western Sydney.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Government of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/lhd/Pages/default.aspx|title=Local health districts|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> The [[Prince of Wales Hospital (Sydney)|Prince of Wales Hospital]] was established in 1852 and became the first of several major hospitals to be opened in the coming decades.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=South Eastern Sydney Local Health District|date=2014|url=http://www.seslhd.health.nsw.gov.au/POWH/history/powhistory.asp|title=Prince of Wales Hospital|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> [[St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney|St Vincent's Hospital]] was founded in 1857,<ref name="Darlinghurst"/> followed by [[Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children]] in 1880,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=The Children's Hospital at Westmead|date=2014|url=http://bandagedbear.org.au/about-us/our-history/|title=Our history|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> the [[Prince of Wales Hospital (Sydney)|Prince Henry Hospital]] in 1881,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=South Eastern Sydney Local Health District|date=2014|url=http://www.seslhd.health.nsw.gov.au/POWH/history/henryhistory.asp|title=Prince Henry Hospital|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> the [[Royal Prince Alfred Hospital]] in 1882,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Local Health District|date=2014|url=http://www.slhd.nsw.gov.au/rpa/about_us.html|title=Royal Prince Alfred Hospital|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> the [[Royal North Shore Hospital]] in 1885,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Northern Sydney Local Health District|date=2014|url=http://www.nslhd.health.nsw.gov.au/Hospitals/RNSH/Pages/Aboutus.aspx|title=About us|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> the [[St George Hospital (Sydney)|St George Hospital]] in 1894,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=South Eastern Sydney Local Health District|date=2014|url=http://www.seslhd.health.nsw.gov.au/SGH/about_us.asp|title=About us|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> and the [[Nepean Hospital]] in 1895.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District|date=2014|url=http://www.nbmlhd.health.nsw.gov.au/Nepean-Hospital/About-Us|title=About Nepean Hospital|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> [[Westmead Hospital]] in 1978 was the last major facility to open.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Western Sydney Local Health District|date=2014|url=http://www.wslhd.health.nsw.gov.au/Westmead-Hospital/About-us/Our-History|title=Our history|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> ===Transport=== {{Main|Public transport in Sydney}} [[File:Sydney Harbour Bridge Bradfield Highway.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Sydney Harbour Bridge]] carries trains, motorised vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians]] The motor vehicle, more than any other factor, has determined the pattern of Sydney's urban development since World War II.<ref name="Transport">{{cite web|last=Wotherspoon|first=Garry|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/transport|title=Transport|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> The growth of low density housing in the city's outer suburbs has made car ownership necessary for hundreds of thousands of households. The percentage of trips taken by car has increased from 13% in 1947 to 50% in 1960 and to 70% in 1971.<ref name="Transport"/> The most important roads in Sydney are the nine [[Metroad]]s, including the {{convert|110|km|mi|0|abbr=off|adj=on}} [[Sydney Orbital Network]]. There can be up to 350,000 cars using Sydney's roads simultaneously during peak hour, leading to significant traffic congestion.<ref name="Transport"/> 84.9% of Sydney households own a motor vehicle and 46.5% own two or more.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> Of people in Sydney that travel to work, 58.4% use a car, 9.1% catch a train, 5.2% take a bus, and 4.1% walk.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> In contrast, only 25.2% of working residents in the City of Sydney use a car, whilst 15.8% take a train, 13.3% use a bus, and 25.3% walk.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=.id|date=2014|url=http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/travel-to-work|title=Method of travel to work|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> With a rate of 26.3%, Sydney has the highest utilisation of public transport for travel to work of any Australian capital city.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=2008|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Chapter10102008|title=Australian social trends|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> Sydney once had one of the [[Trams in Sydney|largest tram networks]] in the world. It was the second largest in the British Empire, after London, with routes covering {{convert|291|km|mi|0|abbr=off}}. The internal combustion engine made buses more flexible than trams and consequently more popular, leading to the progressive closure of the tram network with the final tram operating in 1961.<ref name="Transport"/> From 1930 there were 612 buses across Sydney carrying 90 million passengers per annum.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wotherspoon|first=Garry|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/buses|title=Buses|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> A {{convert|12.8|km|mi|1|abbr=off|adj=on}} [[Light rail in Sydney|light rail network]] opened in 1997. It links the [[Inner West]] and [[Darling Harbour, New South Wales|Darling Harbour]] with [[Central railway station, Sydney|Central Station]] and carries 4.5 million passengers per annum.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Transdev Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.transdevsydney.com.au/hop-on-board/the-light-rail-network/|title=The light rail network|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> A second {{convert|12|km|mi|1|abbr=on|adj=off}} line serving the CBD and south-eastern suburbs is planned to open in early 2019<ref>{{cite web|title=CBD and South East Light Rail contract awarded with earlier delivery date|url=http://www.sydneylightrail.transport.nsw.gov.au/latest/media-releases/2013-(1)/transforming-sydney-cbd-and-south-east-light-rail|website=Sydney Light Rail|publisher=Transport for NSW}}</ref> [[Buses in Sydney|Bus services]] today are conducted by a mixture of Government and private operators. In areas previously serviced by trams the government [[State Transit Authority of New South Wales]] operates, in other areas, there are private (albeit part funded by the state government) operators. Integrated tickets called Opals operate on both Government and private bus routes. State Transit alone operated a fleet of 2,169 buses and serviced over 160 million passengers during 2014. In total, nearly 225 million boardings were recorded across the bus network <ref>{{Cite report |author=Transport for NSW |authorlink=Transport for NSW |date=2014 |title=TfNSW 2013–2014 Annual Report |url=http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/b2b/publications/annual_reports/tfnsw-annual-report-2013-2014.pdf |pages=35,36 |accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref> [[NightRide]] is a nightly bus service that operate between midnight and 5am, also replacing trains for most of this period. [[File:Inside central railway station. sydney.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Central railway station, Sydney|Central Station]]'s main concourse]] [[Sydney Trains|Train services]] are today operated by [[Transport for New South Wales]]. It maintains 176 stations and {{convert|937|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} of railway and provides 281 million journeys each year.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Trains|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneytrains.info/about/facts|title=Facts and stats|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> Sydney's railway was first constructed in 1854 with progressive extension to the network to serve both freight and passengers across the city, suburbs, and beyond to country NSW. In the 1850s and 1860s the railway reached Parramatta, [[Campbelltown, New South Wales|Campbelltown]], Liverpool, [[Blacktown, New South Wales|Blacktown]], [[Penrith, New South Wales|Penrith]], and [[Richmond, New South Wales|Richmond]].<ref name="Transport"/> [[Central railway station, Sydney|Central Station]] opened for service in 1906 and is the main hub of the city's rail network.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Trains|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneytrains.info/about/history/central_station.htm|title=Central Station|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> Prior to 1906, Central Railway was located further west of the current Central Railway Station in the vicinity of Redfern. A large infrastructure project worth $1 billion and known as [[Rail Clearways Program|Clearways]] was completed in 2014 with the purpose of easing railway congestion.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=CityRail|date=2002|url=http://www.cityrail.info/news/clearways.jsp|title=Rail Clearways Plan|accessdate=19 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040612010451/http://www.cityrail.info/news/clearways.jsp|archivedate=12 June 2004}}</ref> In 2014 94.2% of trains arrived on time and 99.5% of services ran as scheduled.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Trains|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneytrains.info/about/our_performance/otr_year.jsp|title=Peak punctuality|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Trains|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneytrains.info/about/our_performance/service_reliability.jsp|title=Service reliability|accessdate=19 October 2014}}</ref> The [[North West Rail Link]], Sydney's first [[rapid transit system]], is currently under construction and expected to open in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/metros/sydneys-north-west-rail-link-reaches-first-milestone.html?channel=525|title=Sydney's North West Rail Link reaches first milestone|work=Rail Journal.com|date=28 January 2015|accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/the-skys-the-limit-as-the-north-west-rail-link-lifts-its-game/story-fni0cx12-1227181553324|title=Sky's the limit as the North West Rail Link lifts its game|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=12 January 2015|accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-21/nick/6032032|title=Northwest rail link under budget and ahead of time as first tunnel sees light|work=[[ABC (Australia)|ABC Online]]|date=21 January 2015|accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://trenchless-australasia.com/news/fourth_tbm_begins_tunnelling_for_sydneys_8.3_billion_north_west_rail_l/090752/|title=Fourth TBM begins tunnelling for Sydney's $8.3 billion North West Rail Link |work=Trenchless Australasia|work=16 January 2015|accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref> At the time the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]] opened in 1932 the city's [[Sydney Ferries|ferry service]] was the largest in the world.<ref name="Sydney Ferries">{{cite web|publisher=Transport for New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/content/sydney-ferries|title=Sydney Ferries|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> Patronage declined from 37 million passengers in 1945 to 11 million in 1963 but has recovered somewhat in recent years.<ref name="Transport"/> From its hub at [[Circular Quay]] the ferry network serves [[Balmain, New South Wales|Balmain]], [[Double Bay, New South Wales|Double Bay]], [[Manly, New South Wales|Manly]], Parramatta, [[Taronga Zoo]], Darling Harbour, and [[Cockatoo Island, New South Wales|Cockatoo Island]].<ref name="Sydney Ferries"/> [[Sydney Airport]], officially "Sydney Kingsford-Smith Airport", is located in the inner southern suburb of [[Mascot, New South Wales|Mascot]] with two of the runways going into Botany Bay. Kingsford-Smith Airport is one of the world's oldest continually operating airports.<ref name="Sydney Airport overview">{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Airport|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneyairport.com.au/corporate/about-us/overview/fact-sheets/overview.aspx|title=Overview|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> It services 46 international and 23 domestic destinations.<ref name="Sydney Airport overview"/> As the busiest airport in Australia it handled 37.9 million passengers in 2013 and 530,000 tonnes of freight in 2011.<ref name="Sydney Airport overview"/> It has been announced that a new facility named [[Western Sydney Airport]] will be constructed at [[Badgerys Creek, New South Wales|Badgerys Creek]] from 2016 at a cost of $2.5 billion.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cox|first1=Lisa|last2=Massola|first2=James|date=2014|url=http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/tony-abbott-confirms-badgerys-creek-as-site-of-second-sydney-airport-20140415-zqv0d.html|title=Tony Abbott confirms Badgerys Creek as site of second Sydney airport|publisher=The Age|accessdate=24 August 2014}}</ref> [[Port Botany]] has surpassed Port Jackson as the city's major shipping port. Cruse ship terminals are located at Sydney Cove and White Bay. ===Environmental issues and pollution reduction=== {{Main|Environmental issues in Australia}} [[File:Cyclist in Sydney.jpg|thumb|upright|A cyclist in the city centre.]] As [[climate change]], [[greenhouse gas emissions]] and [[Pollution in Australia|pollution]] have become a major issue for Australia, Sydney had previously been criticised for its lack of focus on reducing pollution, cutting back on emissions and maintaining [[water quality]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/water-issues/look-whos-polluting-sydney-waters-shame-20111022-1mdjr.html|title=Look who's polluting: Sydney Water's shame|date=23 October 2011|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> Since 1995, there have been significant developments in the analysis of [[air pollution]] in the Sydney metropolitan region. The development led to the release of the Metropolitan Air Quality Scheme (MAQS), which led to a broader understanding of the causation of pollution in Sydney, allowing the government to form appropriate responses to the pollution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/0/5CBB690F207683B5CA256ECF000843DE/$File/11-98.pdf|title=Air Pollution in Sydney: An Update Briefing Paper|date=August 1998|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> Australian cities are some of the most [[car dependency|car dependent]] cities in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.socsci.flinders.edu.au/geog/geos/PDF%20Papers/Amphlett.pdf|title=Car dependence in Australian cities: a discussion of causes, environmental impact and possible solutions|work=[[Flinders University]] study|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> Sydney in particular has a very high level of car dependency,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Off-the-rails-the-suburbs-where-the-car-rules/2005/05/29/1117305503621.html|title=Off the rails: the suburbs where the car rules|date=30 May 2005|accessdate=3 February 2015|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> especially by world city standards. It also has a low level of mass-transit services thus increasing the likelihood of car dependency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/comment/sydney-not-yet-a-true-global-city-20140412-zqtpy.html|title=Sydney not yet a true global city|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=12 April 2014|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/opinion/cbds-turning-into-no-car-zones-as-the-great-divide-grows/story-e6frg9jx-1226493122243|title=CBDs turning into no-car zones as the great divide grows|work=[[The Australian]]|date=11 October 2015|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> Strategies have been implemented to reduce [[car pollution]] by encouraging [[mass transit|mass]] and [[public transport|public transit]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.statetransit.info/bus-fleet/buses-and-the-environment|title=Buses and the Environment|work=statetransit.info|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> and introducing a fleet of 10 new [[Nissan LEAF]] [[electric cars]], the largest order of the pollution-free vehicle in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sydneymedia.com.au/city-clears-the-way-on-pollution-free-car-fleet/|title=City clears the way on pollution-free car fleet|work=sydneymedia.com.au|date=13 February 2013|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> Electric cars do not produce carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide, gases which contribute to climate change.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/causes.html|title=Causes of Climate Change|work=epa.gov|accessdate=10 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="ipcc">{{citation | author = IPCC | title = Detection and Attribution of Climate Change | chapter = Summary for Policymakers | chapter-url = http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ | quote = «It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century» (page 15) and «In this Summary for Policymakers, the following terms have been used to indicate the assessed likelihood of an outcome or a result: (...) extremely likely: 95–100%» (page 2). }}, in {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}.</ref> [[Cycling|Cycling trips]] have increased by 113% across Sydney's inner-city since March 2010, with about 2,000 bikes passing through top peak-hour intersections on an average weekday.<ref name="SustainableSydney2030" /> The City of Sydney became the first council in Australia to achieve formal certification as [[carbon-neutral]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Sydney-Water-to-become-carbon-neutral/2007/07/19/1184559926917.html|title=Sydney Water to become carbon neutral|work=[[The Age]]|date=19 July 2007|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/sydney-becomes-australias-first-carbon-neutral-government-body.html|title=Sydney Becomes Australia's First Carbon-Neutral Government Body|work=treehugger.com|date=5 September 2008|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> The city has reduced its 2007 carbon emissions by 6% and since 2006 has reduced carbon emissions from city buildings by up to 20%.<ref name="SustainableSydney2030">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/vision/sustainable-sydney-2030/achievements|title=Achievements – City of Sydney|work=cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sydneymedia.com.au/4772-its-official-sydney-is-first-carbon-neutral-council|title=It’s official: Sydney is first carbon-neutral council|work=SydneyMedia.com.au|date=9 November 2011|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> The City of Sydney introduced a ''Sustainable Sydney 2030'' program, with various targets planned and a comprehensive guide on how to reduce energy in homes and offices within Sydney by 30%.<ref name="SustainableSydney2030" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climatecontrolnews.com.au/news/building-owners-applaud-city-s-ambitious-master-plan|title=Building owners applaud city's ambitious master plan|work=climatecontrolnews.com.au|date=25 February 2015|accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref> Reductions in energy consumption have slashed energy bills by $30 million a year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/mar/18/sydney-businesses-cotton-on-climate-change-action-is-good-for-the-bottom-line|title=Sydney businesses cotton on: climate change action is good for the bottom line|work=The Guardian (UK)|date=18 March 2015|accessdate=19 March 2015}}</ref> [[Solar panels]] have been established on many CBD buildings in an effort to minimise carbon pollution by around 3,000 tonnes a year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reneweconomy.com.au/2014/city-sydney-extends-solar-roll-historic-rocks-88330|title=City of Sydney extends solar roll out to historic Rocks|date=16 June 2014|accessdate=3 February 2015|work=RenewEconomy.com}}</ref> The city also has an "urban forest growth strategy", in which it aims to regular increase the [[shade (shadow)|tree coverage]] in the city by frequently planting trees and [[vegetation]] to provide cleaner air and create moisture during hot weather, thus lowering city temperatures.<ref>{{cite pdf|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/132249/Urban-Forest-Strategy-Adopted-Feb-2013.pdf|title=Urban Forest Strategy|accessdate=6 May 2015}}</ref> Sydney has also become a leader in the development of [[green building|green office buildings]] and enforcing the requirement of all building proposals to be energy-efficient. The [[Central Park, Sydney|One Central Park]] development, completed in 2013, is an example of this implementation and design.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/conservation/greenest-sydney-building-using-rainforest-timber-20110727-1hz71.html|title='Greenest' Sydney building using rainforest timber|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=27 July 2011|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.centralparksydney.com/gardens/ | title=One Central Park Gardens | publisher=Frasers Property | accessdate=3 February 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}</ref><ref name="OCP arc">{{cite web | url=http://www.centralparksydney.com/architecture/ | title=Central Park Sydney – Architecture | publisher=Frasers Property | accessdate=3 February 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afr.com/p/202020_vision/sydney_central_park_project_shows_IFwlwOc7VqwlXPkqUD85GN|title=Sydney Central Park project shows sustainable living|work=[[The Australian Financial Review|Financial Review]]|date=28 November 2013|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> ===Utilities=== Obtaining sufficient fresh water was difficult during early colonial times. A catchment called the [[Tank Stream]] sourced water from what is now the [[Sydney central business district|central business district]] but was little more than an open sewer by the end of the 1700s.<ref name="Water">{{cite web|last=North|first=MacLaren|date=2011|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/water|title=Water|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> The Botany Swamps Scheme was one of several ventures during the mid 1800s that saw the construction of wells, tunnels, steam pumping stations, and small dams to service Sydney's growing population.<ref name="Water"/> The first genuine solution to Sydney's water demands was the [[Upper Nepean Scheme]] which came into operation in 1886 and cost over £2 million. It transports water {{convert|100|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} from the [[Nepean River|Nepean]], [[Cataract River (Wollondilly)|Cataract]], and [[Cordeaux River|Cordeaux]] rivers and continues to service about 15% of Sydney's total water needs.<ref name="Water"/> Dams were built on these three rivers between 1907 and 1935.<ref name="Water"/> In 1977 the [[Shoalhaven Scheme]] brought several more dams into service.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Water|date=2014|url=http://www.sydneywater.com.au/SW/teachers-students/facts-about-water/secondary-students/history-of-water-in-sydney/sydney-water-timeline/index.htm|title=Sydney Water timeline|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> The [[Sydney Catchment Authority]] now manages eleven major dams: [[Warragamba Dam|Warragamba]], [[Woronora Dam|Woronora]], [[Cataract Dam|Cataract]], [[Upper Nepean Scheme|Cordeaux]], [[Upper Nepean Scheme|Nepean]], [[Upper Nepean Scheme|Avon]], [[Shoalhaven Scheme|Wingecarribee Reservoir]], [[Shoalhaven Scheme|Fitzroy Falls Reservoir]], [[Shoalhaven Scheme|Tallowa]], the [[Blue Mountains Dams]], and [[Prospect Reservoir]].<ref name="Dams and reservoirs">{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Catchment Authority|date=2014|url=http://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/water/supply/dams|title=Dams and reservoirs|accessdate=10 August 2014}}</ref> Water is collected from five catchment areas covering {{convert|16000|km2|mi2|0|abbr=off}} and total storage amounts to {{convert|2.6|TL|mi3|1|abbr=off}}.<ref name="Dams and reservoirs"/> The [[Sydney Desalination Plant]] came into operation in 2010.<ref name="Water"/> The two distributors which maintain Sydney's electricity infrastructure are [[Ausgrid]] and [[Endeavour Energy]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Ausgrid|date=2014|url=http://www.ausgrid.com.au/Common/About-us/Contact-us/About-Ausgrid.aspx|title=About Ausgrid|accessdate=12 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Endeavour Energy|date=2014|url=http://www.endeavourenergy.com.au/wps/wcm/connect/EE/NSW/NSW+Homepage/aboutUsNav|title=About us|accessdate=12 October 2014}}</ref> Their combined networks include over 815,000 power poles and {{convert|83000|km|mi|abbr=off}} of electricity cables. Companies which generate and retail electricity to the city include [[EnergyAustralia]], [[Origin Energy]], and [[AGL Energy]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=AGL Energy|date=2014|url=http://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/who-we-are/our-company|title=Our company|accessdate=12 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=EnergyAustralia|date=2014|url=http://www.energyaustralia.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/retail|title=Energy retailer|accessdate=12 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Origin Energy|date=2014|url=http://www.originenergy.com.au/1758/Who-we-are|title=Who we are|accessdate=12 October 2014}}</ref> These three companies also supply natural gas to homes and businesses in Sydney. --> ==Tempo ogé== * [[Kajahatan di Sydney]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Tutumbu luar== {{Spoken Wikipedia-2|2006-07-09|En-Sydney-article-part1.ogg|En-Sydney-article-part2.ogg}} {{Sister project links|Sydney|voy=Sydney}} *{{commons category-inline|Sydney Architecture}} *{{commons category-inline|Sydney Harbour National Park}} * [http://www.sydneyaustralia.com/ Official Sydney, NSW government site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018103552/http://www.sydneyaustralia.com/ |date=2014-10-18 }} * [http://www.sydney.com/ Official Sydney tourism site] * [http://aso.gov.au/titles/tags/Sydney/ Historical film clips of Sydney] on the [[National Film and Sound Archive]] of Australia's [http://aso.gov.au/ ''australianscreen online''] {{Sydney}} {{Sydney regions}} {{Sydney landmarks}} {{Theatres in Sydney}} {{Sydney Sports Teams}} {{New South Wales}} {{Capital cities of Australia}} {{Cities of Australia}} {{Olympic Summer Games Host Cities}} {{Paralympic Summer Games Host Cities}} {{Commonwealth Games Host Cities}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Sydney| ]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1788 di Australia]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota di Australia]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon métropolitan di Australia|Sydney]] [[Kategori:Tempat padet nu ngadeg taun 1788]] [[Kategori:Kota palabuan di Australia]] 6v7akx2hzn6h2b1fnnxm4vgaym4n7uy Madrid 0 43674 729217 710589 2026-09-26T16:55:31Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Madrid | native_name = {{lang|es|''Villa de Madrid''}} | settlement_type = | image_skyline = CollageMadrid.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Ti luhur kénca: sawangan distrik bisnis [[AZCA]] katut [[Cuatro Torres Business Area|CTBA]], jalan [[Gran Vía (Madrid)|Gran Vía]] katut [[Metropolis Building]], [[Karaton Cybele|Karaton Komunikasi]], sawangan [[Karaton Madrid|Istana Karajaan]] katut [[Katedral Almudena]]. | image_flag = | flag_size = 125px | flag_link = Bandéra Kota Madrid | image_shield = Escudo de Madrid.svg | shield_size = 75px | shield_link = Lambang Madrid | motto = {{lang|es|''"Fui sobre agua edificada,<br/>mis muros de fuego son.<br/>Esta es mi insignia y blasón"''}}<br/>{{small|("Dina cai kuring diwangun, pinding kuring dijieun tina seuneu.<br/> Ieu lambang jeung taméng kuring")}} | pushpin_map = Spanyol | pushpin_mapsize = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi Madrid di Spanyol | pushpin_map1 = Madrid Spanyol | pushpin_map_alt1 = | pushpin_map_caption1 = Peta Madrid | latd = 40 | latm =23| lats =| latNS =N | longd = 3 | longm =43| longs =| longEW =W | coordinates_display = title | coordinates_region = ES-M | subdivision_type = [[Daptar nagara merdika|Nagara]] | subdivision_name = [[Spanyol]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Komunitas otonom di Spanyol|Komunitas<br/>otonom]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Komunitas Madrid]] | established_title = Ngadeg | established_date = Abad ka-9<ref name="History of Madrid">{{cite web |url=http://www.madrid-traveller.com/history-of-madrid/ |title=History of Madrid |publisher=Madrid Traveller |accessdate=27 August 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829024423/http://www.madrid-traveller.com/history-of-madrid/ |date=29 August 2014 }}</ref> | government_type = | governing_body = Ayuntamiento de Madrid | leader_party = [[Ahora Madrid]] | leader_title = [[Alcalde|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Manuela Carmena]] | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 605.77 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 667 | population_total = 3,165,235 | population_as_of = 2014 | population_rank = 1st | population_note = | population_density_km2 = 5390 | population_urban = 6,183,000<ref>[http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf World Urban Areas] - Demographia, March 2013</ref> | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_metro = 6,489,162<ref>[http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu Population by sex and age groups] - [[Eurostat]], 2012</ref> | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_demonym = Madrilenian, Madrilene <br/> {{nowrap|{{lang|es|''madrileño'', ''-ña''; ''matritense'' ([[Basa Spanyol|es]])}}}} | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Kodeu pos]] | postal_code = 28001–28080 | area_code = +34 ([[Spanyol|ES]]) + 91 ([[Komunitas Madrid|M]]) | blank_name_sec1 = [[Panangtayung]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Buruh Isidore]]<br/>[[Parawan Almudena]] | website = [http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/en/Home?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextchannel=1ccd566813946010VgnVCM100000dc0ca8c0RCRD&idioma=en&idiomaPrevio=en&combo=1 www.madrid.es] | footnotes = }} '''Madrid''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|d|r|ɪ|d|}}, {{IPA-es|maˈðɾið<!--Standard Spanish pronunciation - Do not change symbols-->|lang}}, {{IPA-es|maˈðɾiθ, -ˈðɾi|local}}) nya ta salah sahiji dayeuh di [[Éropah]] tur mangrupa ibu kota sarta dayeuh panggedéna di [[Spanyol]]. Populasi ieu dayeuh ampir 3,2&nbsp;yuta<ref>[http://biblioteca.ucjc.edu-stat.info/ine.es INE.es] [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] (National Statistics Institute)</ref> sarta pangeusi [[wewengkon métropolitan Madrid]], aya kira-kira 6,3 yuta. Ieu kota mangrupa [[Kota panggedéna di Uni Éropah dumasar populasi dina sajeroeun wates kota|kota panggedéna katilu]] di [[Uni Éropa]], sanggeus [[London]] jeung [[Bérlin]], sedengkeun [[wewengkon métroppolitan Madrid|wewengkon métropolitanana]] mah mangrupa [[Daptar wewengkon mtropolitan di Éropa dumasar kana populasina|nu katilu panggedéna]] di Uni Éropah sanggeus [[Paris aire urbaine|Paris]] jeung [[Wewengkon Urban London Raya|London]].<ref name="Demographia">{{cite web |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=World Urban Areas: Population & Density|publisher=[[Wendell Cox|Demographia]]|accessdate=10 August 2008|format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="UrbanAudit.org">[[Eurostat]], [http://www.urbanaudit.org/DataAccessed.aspx UrbanAudit.org]. Retrieved 12 March 2009. Data for 2004.</ref><ref name="citypopulation.de">Brinkoff, Thomas [http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html "Principal Agglomerations of the World"]. Retrieved 12 March 2009. Data for 1 January 2009.</ref><ref name="un.org">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs [http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007WUP_Highlights_web.pdf World Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision)], (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007.</ref> Legana total {{convert|604.3|km²|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madrid.es/UnidadesDescentralizadas/UDCObservEconomico/MadridEconomia/Ficheros/MadridEconomia2010Ingles.pdf |title=Member of the Governing Council. Delegate for Economy, Employment and Citizen Involvement|page=6 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=3 September 2012}}</ref> Ieu kota perenahna di [[Manzanares (walungan)|Walungan Manzanares]] di tengah [[Spanyol|nagara]] katut [[Komunitas Madrid]] (nu ngawengku dayeuh Madrid, konurbasina katut kota satelit jeung désa sabudeureunana); ieu komunitas diwatesan ku [[Komunitas otonom di Spanyol|komunitas otonom]] [[Castile katut León]] jeung [[Castile-La Mancha]]. Minangka ibu kota Spanyol, [[tempat kantor pamaréntahan]], katut [[tempat karajaan Spanyol|padumukan]] [[Karajaan Spanyol]], Madrid ogé mangrupa puseur pulitik, ékonomi katut budayana Spanyol.<ref name="Madrid">{{cite news|url=http://www.indiana.edu/~overseas/flyers/mad_ies.html|publisher=Indiana.edu|title=Madrid|date=10 July 2006}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312021025/http://www.indiana.edu/~overseas/flyers/mad_ies.html |date=12 March 2010 }}</ref> Walikota kiwari nyaéta [[Manuéla Carmena]] ti [[Ahora Madrid]]. Kelompok urban Madrid boga [[Daptar kota dumasar GDP|GDP panggedéna katilu]]<ref name="pricewater">{{cite web|url=https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562|title=Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025|publisher=Pricewaterhouse Coopers|accessdate=20 November 2009}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504031739/https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562 |date=4 May 2011 }}</ref> di [[Uni Éropa]] pangaruhna kana [[pulitik]], [[atikan]], [[hiburan]], [[lingkungan]], [[média massa|média]], [[fésyen]], [[pangaweruh]], [[budaya]], katut [[seni]] sakabéhanana boga kontribusi kana statusna minangka salah sahiji [[kota global]] nu gedé di dunya.<ref name="GaWC">{{cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html|title=The World According to GaWC 2010|author=Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network, [[Loughborough University]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527184751/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html |date=2012-05-27 }}</ref><ref name="mori-m-foundation.or.jp">{{cite web |url=http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |title=Global Power City Index 2009 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=14 April 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629143736/http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |date=29 June 2014 }}</ref> Alatan [[output (ékonomi)|kaluaran ékonomi]], [[standar kahirupan]] nu luhur, katut ukuran pasar, Madrid dianggap [[puseur kauangan]] nu gedé di [[Éropa Kidul]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf |title=Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=3 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |title=Global Power City Index |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=3 September 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629143736/http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |date=29 June 2014 }}</ref> katut [[Bojong Iberia]]; tempat kantor puseur lolobana pausahaan Spanyol nu gedé, kayaning [[Telefónica]], [[Iberia (airline)|Iberia]] jeung [[Repsol]]. Madrid mangrupa [[kota pangbisaditempatananana di Dunya|kota ka-17 pangbisaditempatananan di dunya]] dumasar kana majalah Monocle, dina indéksna taun 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monocle.com/Magazine/volume-3/Issue-25/ |title=Monocle's World's Most Liveable Cities Index 2009 |publisher=Monocle.com |date=10 June 2009 |accessdate=18 October 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708041931/http://www.monocle.com/Magazine/volume-3/issue-25/ |date=8 July 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monocle.com/sections/affairs/Magazine-Articles/Top-20-liveable-cities---10-Madrid/ |title=Top 20 liveable cities&nbsp;– 10 Madrid |publisher=Monocle.com |date= |accessdate=18 October 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715111257/http://www.monocle.com/sections/affairs/Magazine-Articles/Top-20-liveable-cities---10-Madrid/ |date=15 July 2007 }}</ref> Madrid jadi tempat ayana kantor puseur [[World Tourism Organization]] (WTO), bogana [[Persauan Bangsa-Bangsa]] (UN), the SEGIB, [[Organization of Ibero-American States]] (OEI), katut [[Public Interest Oversight Board]] (PIOB). ogé jadi tempat para pangatur Spanyol internasional nu galede: the Standing Committee of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, kantor puseur [[Royal Spanish Academy]] (RAE), [[Institut Cervantes]] katut [[Foundation of Urgent Spanish]] (Fundéu BBVA). Madrid ngorganisir pameran saperti FITUR,<ref name="FITUR">[http://www.ifema.es/web/ferias/fitur/default.html ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620120435/http://www.ifema.es/web/ferias/fitur/default.html |date=2012-06-20 }}</ref> ARCO,<ref name="ARCO">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifema.es/web/ferias/arco/default.html |title=Arte Contemporaneo en España - ARCOmadrid |publisher=Ifema.es |date= |accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> [[SIMO TCI]]<ref>[http://www.ifema.es/simonetwork_06/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825231907/http://www.ifema.es/simonetwork_06/ |date=2016-08-25 }} [[SIMO TCI]]</ref> jeung [[Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week]].<ref>[http://www.mercedesbenzfashionweekmadrid.com/eng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411150907/http://mercedesbenzfashionweekmadrid.com/eng/ |date=2012-04-11 }}[[Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week]]</ref> Sanajan Madrid boga infrastruktur modéren, ieu kota ngajaga sawangan katut rasa lingkungan katut jajalaneunana nu bersejarah. Cicirén kawas [[Istana Karajaan Madrid]]; [[Teatro Real|Royal Theatre]] kalan Opera House nu dihadéan taun 1850; [[Taman Buen Retiro]], nu ngadeg taun 1631; wangunan [[Biblioteca Nacional de España|Perpustakaan Nasional]] abad ka-19 (ngadeg taun 1712) nu ngandung sababaraha arsip sajarah Spanyol; hiji musieum nasional nu loba eusina,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcu.es/museos/CE/MuseosEstatales/Arquitectura/ListadoMusEstMadrid.html |title=Arquitectura. Edificios de los Museos Estatales |publisher=Mcu.es |date=25 January 2012 |accessdate= 7 August 2012}}</ref> jeung [[Golden Triangle of Art]], nu perenahna sapanjang [[Paseo del Prado]] nu ngawengku tilu musieum seni: [[Museo del Prado|Musieum Prado]], [[Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía|Musieum Reina Sofía]], hiji musieum [[seni modéren]], katut [[Musieum Thyssen-Bornemisza]], nu ngalengkepan kakurangan dua musieum liana.<ref name="Overview of Madrid">{{cite news|url=http://www.easyexpat.com/madrid_en/overview_geography.htm|publisher=Easy expat|title=Geography of Madrid|date=11 August 2006}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722145816/http://www.easyexpat.com/en/madrid/overview/geography.htm |date=22 July 2012 }}</ref> [[Plaza de Cibeles|Karaton katut Cai mancer Cibeles]] jadi lambang ieu dayeuh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spain.info/en/lugares_de_interes/madrid/plaza_de_cibeles.html |title=Plaza de Cibeles &#124; Spain.info in english |publisher=Spain.info |date= |accessdate=7 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://inhabitat.com/madrids-palacio-de-cibeles-renovated-into-jaw-dropping-centrocentro-cultural-center/ |title=Madrid's Palacio de Cibeles Renovated Into Jaw-Dropping CentroCentro Cultural Center &#124; Inhabitat – Sustainable Design Innovation, Eco Architecture, Green Building |publisher=Inhabitat |date= |accessdate=7 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turismomadrid.es/en/component/guides/?view=monumento&id=13 |title=Cibeles Fountain – Tourism in Madrid |publisher=Turismomadrid.es |date= |accessdate=7 August 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20121218024540/http://www.turismomadrid.es/en/component/guides/?view=monumento&id=13 |date=18 December 2012 }}</ref> Madrid jadi tempat kleub [[Association football|maén bal]] nu kasohor, [[Real Madrid]] katut [[Atlético de Madrid]]. ==Sajarah== {{Main|Sajarah Madrid}} {{see also|Gurat wanci Madrid}} ==Hubungan mancanagara== {{See also|Daptar kota kembar jeung kota sadulur di Spanyol}} ===Kota kembar jeung sadulur=== Daptar kota kembaranana Madrid, kota sadulur katut kota babaturananan:<ref name="hermanadas">{{cite web |title= Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas |publisher= Ayuntamiento de Madrid |url= http://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.dbd5147a4ba1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=4e84399a03003110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=4e98823d3a37a010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=especial1&idContenido=1da69a4192b5b010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Uni Émirat Arab]] *{{flagicon|PAR}} [[Asunción]], [[Paraguay]] *{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Athéna]], [[Yunani]] *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Béijing]], [[China]] *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bérlin]], [[Jérman]]<ref name="Berlin twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html|title=Berlin - City Partnerships|accessdate=17 September 2013|work=Der Regierende Bürgermeister Berlin|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521054019/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html|archivedate=21 May 2013}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521054019/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html |date=21 May 2013 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|COL}} [[Bogotá]], [[Kolombia]] *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bordeaux]], [[Perancis]]<ref name="Bordeaux twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|title=Bordeaux - Rayonnement européen et mondial|accessdate=29 July 2013|work=Mairie de Bordeaux|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154903/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|archivedate=7 February 2013}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154903/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international |date=7 February 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Bordeaux twinnings 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14|title=Bordeaux-Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures|accessdate=29 July 2013|work=Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministére des Affaires étrangéres)|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207152951/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14|archivedate=7 February 2013}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913015514/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux |date=13 September 2013 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Brussels]], [[Bélgia]] *{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Budapest]], [[Hungaria]] *{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argéntina]] *{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Caracas]], [[Vénézuéla]] *{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guatemala City]], [[Guatemala]] *{{flagicon|CUB}} [[La Habana]], [[Kuba]] *{{flagicon|BOL}} [[La Paz]], [[Bolivia]] *{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kozhikode]], [[India]] || *{{flagicon|PER}} [[Lima]], [[Péru]] *{{flagicon|POR}} [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]<ref name="Lisbon twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100|title=Lisboa - Geminações de Cidades e Vilas|accessdate=23 August 2013|work=Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities]|language=Portuguese|trans_title=Lisbon - Twinning of Cities and Towns}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201175323/http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100 |date=1 February 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Lisbon twinnings 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais|title=Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa|accessdate=23 August 2013|work=Camara Municipal de Lisboa|language=Portuguese|trans_title=Lisbon - Twinning Agreements, Cooperation and Friendship}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202617/http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |date=31 October 2013 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|NCA}} [[Managua]], [[Nikaragua]] *{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Manila]], [[Filipina]] *{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mexico City]], [[Méksiko]] *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Miami]], [[Amérika Serikat]] *{{flagicon|URU}} [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]] *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], [[Rusia]] *{{flagicon|USA}} [[New York City]], [[Amérika Serikat]]<ref name="New York sisters">{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml|title=NYC's Partner Cities|publisher=The City of New York|accessdate=16 December 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814165415/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml |date=14 August 2013 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|MTN}} [[Nouakchott]], [[Mauritania]] *{{flagicon|PAN}} [[Panama City]], [[Panama]] *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris]], [[Perancis]] *{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Quito]], [[Ékuador]] *{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Prague]], [[Républik Céko]] || *{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Rabat]], [[Maroko]] *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Rome]], [[Itali]] *{{flagicon|CRC}} [[San José, Kosta Rika|San José]], [[Kosta Rika]] *{{flagicon|PUR}} [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]], [[Puerto Rico]] *{{flagicon|SLV}} [[San Salvador]], [[Él Salvador]] *{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Santiago de Chile]], [[Chili]] *{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Santo Domingo]], [[Républik Dominika]] *{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Sarajévo]], [[Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina]] *{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]] *{{flagicon|HON}} [[Tégucigalpa]], [[Honduras]] *{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Tirana]], [[Albania]] *{{flagicon|LBY}} [[Tripoli]], [[Libia]] *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Warsawa]], [[Polandia]] *{{flagicon|IRN}} [[Téhéran]], [[Iran]] |} ==Jalma penting== {{Main|Daptar jalma ti Madrid}} <gallery> File:Penélope Cruz - Cannes 2011.jpg|[[Penélope Cruz]] File:Enrique Iglesias 2011, 2.jpg|[[Enrique Iglesias]] File:Julio Iglesias09.jpg|[[Julio Iglesias]] File:'Andrés Manuel de Río' (1825) by Rafael Ximeno y Planes - Museo Tolsá - Palacio de Minería - Mexico 2024.jpg|[[Andrés Manuel del Río]] File:Federico Chueca.jpg| [[Federico Chueca]] File:LopedeVega.jpg|[[Félix Lope de Vega]] File:Fernando Trueba (Guadalajara) 2.jpg|[[Fernando Trueba]] File:Fernando Verdasco - water polo player.jpg|[[Fernando Verdasco]] File:Quevedo (copia de Velázquez).jpg|[[Francisco de Quevedo]] File:Dr. Ayala.jpg|[[Francisco J. Ayala]] File:Gregorio Marañón - retrato.png|[[Gregorio Marañón]] File:JoseAntonioFEJONS.jpg|[[José Antonio Primo de Rivera]] File:Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz.jpg| [[Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz|Juan Caramuel]] File:JoseOrtegayGasset.jpg |[[José Ortega y Gasset]] File:Juan Gris, portrait photograph, published in Les Peintres Cubistes, 1913.jpg| [[Juan Gris]] File:MARIA GUERRERO.JPG|[[María Guerrero]] File:Plácido Domingo, 2008.jpg|[[Plácido Domingo]] File:Raúl Aspire4Sport Conference 2012.jpg|[[Raúl (footballer)|Raúl]] File:RODRIGO RATO RT-8 01.JPG|[[Rodrigo Rato]] |[[Tirso de Molina]] </gallery> ==Wangunan sajarah liana== <gallery> File:Plaza de la Villa - 02.jpg|Plaza de la Villa File:Puente de Toledo 0011.JPG|Bridge of Toledo File:Basílica of San Miguel.jpg|[[St. Michael's Basilica (Madrid)|St. Michael's Basilica]] File:Iglesia Parroquial de Santa Bárbara (Madrid) 08.jpg|[[Convent of the Salesas Reales|St. Barbara's Church]]. File:Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid 01.jpg|[[Spanish National Observatory|Royal Observatory]] File:Puerta de Toledo (2009).jpg|[[Gate of Toledo]] File:Congreso de los Diputados.jpg|[[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Congress of Deputies]] File:Ministerio de Agricultura (Madrid) 02.jpg|Spanish Ministry of Agriculture File:Edificio del Banco de España 2 Madrid.jpg|[[Bank of Spain]] File:Estación de Delicias.JPG| Delicias Train Station File:Hospital de Maudes (Madrid) 02.jpg|[[Hospital of Maudes]] File:Iglesia de San Manuel y San Benito (Madrid) 08.jpg|San Manuel & San Benito church File:Palacio Longoria (Madrid) 16.jpg|[[Palace of Longoria|SGAE Seat]] File:TelefonicaMadrid.jpg|[[Telefónica Building]] File:Palacio de la Prensa (Madrid) 06.jpg|Palacio de la Prensa File:Edificio Carrión (Madrid) 03.jpg|Carrión Building File: Madrid Ejercito del Aire.jpg|[[Spanish Air Force]] Héadquarters File:Edificio Girasol (Madrid) 01.jpg|Edificio Girasol File:Torres Blancas en Madrid.jpg|Torres Blancas File:Caja Mágica exterior.jpg|[[Caja Mágica]] </gallery> ==Pangajén== *[[Momolo Madrid]] di [[Basisir Oscar II]] di [[Lemah Graham]], [[Antartika]] dingaranan dumasar kana ieu dayeuh.<ref>[https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=137423 Madrid Dome.] [[SCAR]] [[Composite Antarctic Gazetteer]]. </ref> ==Tempo ogé== {{Portal|Ékonomi|Spanyol}} *[[Grup Kapamingpinan Iklim Kota C40]] *[[Ibukota Madrid]] *[[Konférénsi Madrid 1991]] *[[Walikota Madrid]] *[[Daptar wangunan pangluhurna di Madrid]] *[[OPENCities]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Tutumbu luar== {{Sister project links|wikt=Madrid|commons=Madrid|n=Category:Madrid|voy=Madrid|d=Q2807}} * {{Official website}} * [http://www.esmadrid.com/en/ Official website of Madrid on tourism and business] * [http://www.spain.info/en/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/grandes-ciudades/madrid.html Official website of Madrid in the Spain's national tourism portal] * [http://www.aena-aeropuertos.es/madrid-barajas/en Official website of Madrid–Barajas International Airport]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.metromadrid.es/en/index.html Official website of Metro Madrid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115024623/http://www.metromadrid.es/en/index.html |date=2018-11-15 }} * [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=40420000&x=-3710000&z=11&l=1&m=a WikiSatellite view of Madrid at WikiMapia] {{Navboxes |title=Artikel nu patali jeung Madrid |list= {{Districts of Madrid}} {{Madrid MA}} {{Municipalities in the Community of Madrid}} {{Capitals of Provinces in Spain}} {{Autonomous Community capitals of Spain}} {{Navboxes |title= Madrid in the [[European Union]] |list= {{List of European capitals by region}} {{Capital cities of the European Union}} {{European Capital of Culture}} {{European Capital of Sport}} {{Eurovision Song Contest}} }} {{World Book Capital}} }} {{Authority control|GND=1021984-5}} [[Kategori:Madrid| ]]<!--leave the empty space as standard--> [[Kategori:Ibu kota di Éropa]] [[Kategori:Munisipalitas di Komunitas Madrid]] [[Kategori:Tempat padet di Komunitas Madrid]] [[Kategori:Tempat padet nu ngadeg abad ka-9]] [[Kategori:Kota universitas di Spanyol]] 6mfataa98jzjl66y1alb83hj3f2ltsk Citakan:Country data Guatemala 10 43747 729446 449350 2026-09-27T09:20:04Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Data nagara Guatemala]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Guatemala]] 449350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Guatemala | flag alias = Flag of Guatemala.svg | flag alias-1839 = Flag of Guatemala (1839-1843).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1839 | redir1 = GTM | redir2 = GUA </noinclude> }} p1fxylhxv3poehyvrnfgpttrbdav6qq Citakan:Country data Nikaragua 10 43756 729437 449361 2026-09-27T08:59:48Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Data nagara Nikaragua]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Nikaragua]] 449361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Nikaragua | flag alias = Flag of Nicaragua.svg | flag alias-1839 = Flag of Nicaragua (1839-1858).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1839 | redir1 = NIC | redir2 = NCA </noinclude> }} 6jioiebhzw591i4255dd2senzsadi18 Citakan:Country data Panama 10 43760 729439 449365 2026-09-27T09:01:15Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Data nagara Panama]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Panama]] 449365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Panama | flag alias = Flag of Panama.svg | link alias-naval = {{#switch:{{{variant|}}}|1958|1958=Panamanian National Guard|1984|1984=Panamanian Defense Forces|#default=Panamanian Public Forces}} | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = PAN </noinclude> }} 4shfgz6nemifloedq3ce2n3ujruochf Citakan:Country data Kosta Rika 10 43768 729441 449375 2026-09-27T09:02:59Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Data nagara Kosta Rika]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Kosta Rika]] 449375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kosta Rika | flag alias = Flag of Costa Rica.svg | flag alias-1839 = Flag of Costa Rica (1839-1848).svg | flag alias-1848 = Bandera de Costa Rica de 1848.svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg | link alias-naval = Costa Rica Civil Guard | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1839 | var2 = 1848 | var3 = state | redir1 = CRI | redir2 = CRC </noinclude> }} 50sl5k82ajfac111z8ei15qqw0jjxyh Citakan:Country data Puérto Riko 10 43770 729460 449377 2026-09-27T11:42:25Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Data nagara Puérto Riko]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Puérto Riko]] 449377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Puérto Riko | flag alias = Flag of Puerto Rico.svg | flag alias-1898 = US flag 45 stars.svg | flag alias-1908 = US flag 46 stars.svg | flag alias-1912 = US flag 48 stars.svg | flag alias-1952 = Flag of Puerto Rico (1952-1995).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1898 | var2 = 1908 | var3 = 1912 | var4 = 1952 | redir1 = PRI | redir2 = PUR </noinclude> }} i93bvy6ke06uzud9sz4kghpyorxb0y5 Citakan:Data nagara Républik Dominika 10 43774 729389 449381 2026-09-27T05:07:41Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Country data Républik Dominika]] 729389 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Républik Dominika]] m3cx5yu6oe72ucq20rvbb590mxlw70s Sabah 0 44012 729287 710615 2026-09-26T22:31:49Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Sabah | native_name = | native_name_lang = Saba' | official_name = ''Negeri Di Bawah Bayu''<br>(Lemah Handapeun Angin) | settlement_type = [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|Nagara bagean]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Sabah.svg | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat of arms of Sabah.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = | motto = ''Sabah Maju Jaya''<br /> | anthem = ''[[Sabah Tanah Airku]]''<br />{{small|Sabah Lemah Cai Kuring}} | image_map = Sabah in Malaysia.svg | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = '''Sabah''' di '''[[Malaysia]]''' | latd = 5 |latm = 15 |latNS = N | longd = 117 |longm = 0 |longEW = E | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = title | subdivision_type = | subdivision_name = Malaysia | seat_type = [[Daptar ibukota nasional|Ibukota]] | seat = [[Kota Kinabalu]] | parts_type = Babagean | parts_style = list | parts = | p1 = [[Interior Division|Interior]] | p2 = [[Kudat Division|Kudat]] | p3 = [[Sandakan Division|Sandakan]] | p4 = [[Tawau Division|Tawau]] | p5 = [[West Coast Division|West Coast]] | leader_title = [[List of Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah|Yang di-Pertua Negeri]] | leader_name = [[Juhar Mahiruddin]] | leader_title1 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Sabah|Chief Minister]] | leader_name1 = [[Musa Aman]] ([[Barisan Nasional|BN]]) | area_footnotes =<ref name="Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127|title=Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010|publisher=Department of Statistics Malaysia|page=iv|accessdate=24 January 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227065717/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127|archivedate=27 December 2010}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708202650/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 |date=8 July 2011 }}</ref> | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | area_total_km2 = 73631 | population_footnotes =<ref name="Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010"/> | population_total = 3117405 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Sabahan | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Malaysian Standard Time|MST]] | utc_offset1 = +8 | demographics_type1 = [[Human Development Index]] | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = HDI (2010) | demographics1_info1 = 0.643&nbsp;(<span style="color:#fc0;">medium</span>) ([[States and federal territories of Malaysia|14th]]) | postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Malaysia|Postal code]] | postal_code = 88xxx to 91xxx | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Malaysia|Calling code]] | area_code = 087 <small>(Inner District)</small> <br />088 <small>([[Kota Kinabalu]] & [[Kudat]])</small> <br />089 <small>([[Lahad Datu]], [[Sandakan]] & [[Tawau]])</small> | registration_plate = SA,SAA,SAB <small>([[Kota Kinabalu]] & [[Kota Belud]])</small> <br>SB <small>([[Beaufort, Sabah|Beaufort]])</small> <br>SD <small>([[Lahad Datu]])</small> <br>SK <small>([[Kudat]])</small> <br>SS <small>([[Sandakan]])</small> <br>ST <small>([[Tawau]])</small> <br>SU <small>([[Keningau]])</small> | blank_name_sec1 = Former name | blank_info_sec1 = [[North Borneo]] | blank_name_sec2 = [[Bruneian Empire|Brunei Sultanate]] | blank_info_sec2 = 15th century–1882<ref name="century">{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2008/09/21/how_brunei_lost_its_northern_province|title=How Brunei lost its northern province|author=Rozan Yunos|publisher=[[The Brunei Times]]|date=21 September 2008|accessdate=28 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617040008/http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2008/09/21/how_brunei_lost_its_northern_province|archivedate=17 June 2014|deadurl=no}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617040008/http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2008/09/21/how_brunei_lost_its_northern_province |date=17 June 2014 }}</ref> | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Sulu Sultanate|Sulu Sultanate (Eastern Part)]] | blank1_info_sec2 = 1658–1882 | blank2_name_sec2 = [[British North Borneo]] | blank2_info_sec2 = 1882–1941 | blank3_name_sec2 = [[Japanese occupation of British Borneo|Japanese occupation]] | blank3_info_sec2 = 1941–1945 | blank4_name_sec2 = [[North Borneo (British Crown colony)|British Crown Colony]] | blank4_info_sec2 = 1946–1963 | blank5_name_sec2 = [[North Borneo Self-government Day|Self-government]] | blank5_info_sec2 = 31 August 1963<ref name="tna">{{cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C760803|title=The National Archives DO 169/254 (Constitutional issues in respect of North Borneo and Sarawak on joining the federation)|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|date=1961–1963|accessdate=23 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="Porritt1997">{{cite book|author=Philip Mathews|title=Chronicle of Malaysia: Fifty Years of Headline News, 1963-2013|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=md9UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA15|date=28 February 2014|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|isbn=978-967-10617-4-9|pages=15–}}</ref><ref name="Group">{{cite book|author=Oxford Business Group|title=The Report: Sabah 2011|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nKJoQ4o-_DsC&pg=PA13|accessdate=26 May 2013|publisher=Oxford Business Group|isbn=978-1-907065-36-1|pages=13–}}</ref><ref name="SG">{{cite book|author=Frans Welman|title=Borneo Trilogy Volume 1: Sabah|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=glG-WBH8hkQC&pg=PA159|accessdate=28 May 2013|publisher=Booksmango|isbn=978-616-245-078-5|pages=159–}}</ref> | blank6_name_sec2 = [[Malaysia Agreement]]<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/35/pdfs/ukpga_19630035_en.pdf Malaysia Act 1963]. Retrieved on 12 August 2011.</ref> | blank6_info_sec2 = 16 September 1963{{smallsup|a}}<ref name="Agreement relating to Malaysia">{{sourcetext|source=Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore}}</ref> | website = [http://www.sabah.gov.my/ www.sabah.gov.my] | footnotes = {{smallsup|a}} Despite the fact the foundation of the Federation of Malaysia is completed only on 16 September 1963, [[Merdeka Day|31 August]] is celebrated as the Independence day of Malaysia. A similar observance can be found on many unified countries, including [[Tanzania]], where the independence day was celebrated on 9 December (following the Independence of [[Tanganyika]] in 1961), even though [[Tanzania]] only came into existence in 26 April 1964 by joining [[Tanganyika]] and [[Zanzibar]] (which known as [[Public holidays in Tanzania|Union Day]] in Tanzania), despite the fact that Zanzibar had already earlier gained its independence from the British on 10 December 1963.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whichday.com/articles/index.php?article=609|title=Independence Day - Tanzania|publisher=|accessdate=27 June 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114027/http://www.whichday.com/articles/index.php?article=609 |date=26 August 2014 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html Tanzania National Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |date=2013-11-25 }}</ref> While in [[Yemen]], where the independence day is still celebrated on 30 November (based on the [[South Yemen]] independence from the United Kingdom on 1967). Even though the [[Yemeni unification|foundation of present-day Yemen]] was created by joining together [[Yemen Arab Republic]] (North Yemen) and [[People's Democratic Republic of Yemen]] (South Yemen) only on 22 May 1990 (which is celebrated as [[Yemeni unification|Unity Day]] In Yemen), in spite of North Yemen had earlier being granted its independence from the [[Ottoman Empire]] on 1 November 1918.<ref>[http://www.ameinfo.com/yemen_public_holidays/ AME.info.com Yemen Public Holidays]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yemen.html|title=Yemen|publisher=|accessdate=27 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aglobalworld.com/holidays-around-the-world/independence-day-yemen/|title=Independence Day Celebrated in Yemen|publisher=|accessdate=27 June 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114829/http://aglobalworld.com/holidays-around-the-world/independence-day-yemen/ |date=26 August 2014 }}</ref> Equivalently in Malaysia, 16 September is recognised as [[Malaysia Day]], a patriotic [[Public holidays in Malaysia|national-level public holiday]] to commemorate the foundation of Federation of Malaysia that joints [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]], [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]], [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]] and (previously) [[Singapore in Malaysia|Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/10/19/nation/20091019103509&sec=nation|title=Archives|publisher=|accessdate=27 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://publicholidays.com.my/|title=Public Holidays 2015 and 2016|work=Malaysia Public Holidays|accessdate=27 June 2015}}</ref> }} '''Sabah''' (kedalan basa <small>Malayu:&nbsp;</small><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[saˈbah]</span>) nyaéta nagara bagian pangwetanna di [[Malaysia]], salah sahiji tina dua nagara bagéan di Malaysia nu aya di pulo [[Kalimantan]]. Sabah ogé mangrupa salah sahiji anggota nu milu ngadegkeun federasi Malaysian babarengan jeung Sarawak, [[Singapura]] (kaluar taun 1965) katut Federasi Malaya (Bojong Malaysia atawa Malaysia Kulon). Kawas Sarawak, ieu teritori boga hukum otonom hususna ngeunaan kaimigrasiannu béda jeung nagara bagéan nu aya di Bojong Malaysia séjénna. Perenahna di bagena kaler pulo Kalimantan tur kasohor minangka nagara bagéan panggedéna kadua di ieu nagara sanggeus Sarawak, nu wawatesan di béh kidul kuloneunana. Babagi wates laut jeung Teritori Federal  Labuan di béh kulon sarta jeung [[Pilipina]] di béh kaler jeung kaler wetaneunana. Wates mancanagara ieu nagara bagéan ukur jeung propinsi [[Kalimantan Kalér|Kalimantan Kaler]],  [[Indonésia|Indonesia]] di béh kiduleunana. Ibukota Sabah nyaéta Kota Kinabalu, nu saméméhna mah katelah Jesselton. Sabah mindeng ditujul minangka "Lemah Handapeun Angin", hiji frase nu dipaké ku para pelaut jaman baheula keur ngagambarkeun lemah nu aya di kiduleun beubeur angin topan. == Sajarah == === Sajarah Baheula === Migrasi katut padumukan manusa mangsa awal ka ieu wewengkon dipercaya ti mimiti 20,000–30,000 taun katukang. Manusa baheula dipercaya minangka jalma  Australoid atawa Negrito. Glombang migrasi manusa saterusna, dipercaya minangka urang Austronesia Mongoloid, kira-kira taun 3000 SM. === Kamaharajaan Brunei katut Kasultanan Sulu === [[Gambar:Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg|left|thumb|Bandera Kamaharajaan Brunei]] <!--== Geograpi == [[Gambar:MtKinabalu_view_from_kundasan.jpg|left|thumb|[[Gunung Kinabalu]], gunung pangluhurna di Kapuloan Malayu.]] [[Gambar:Highway_to_KK.jpg|thumb|Seksi Highway 22 ti Ranau ka Kota Kinabalu di Kundasang.]] --> === Ageman === Taun 2010 population Sabah ngaegm: * 2,096,153 Muslim * 853,726 Kristen * 194,428 Budha * 3,037 Hindu * 2,495 Konghucu/Taoisme * 3,467 ngagem ageman liana * 9,850 teu boga ageman * 43,586 duka == Ekonomi == [[Gambar:Tambunan_Sabah_Battlefield-Battle-of-Tambunan-03.jpg|right|thumb|[[Sawah]] di Tambunan.]] == Tempo ogé == * Tabel preseden di Sabah == Rujukan == {{Reflist|30em}} ; Catetan == Bacaan satuluyna == * James Chin, (2014) Federal-éast Malaysia Relations: Primus-Inter-Pares?, in Andrew Harding and James Chin (2014) [http://www.amazon.com/50-Years-Malaysia-Federalism-Revisited/dp/981456124X 50 Years of Malaysia: Federalism Revisited] (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish) pp.&nbsp;152–185 * Urmenyhazi, Attila - DISCOVERING NORTH BORNéo a short travelogue on Sarawak & Sabah by the author (2007). National Library of Australia, Canberra, record ID: 4272798. Call Number: NLp 915 953 U77. == Tutumbu luar == * [http://www.sabah.gov.my/ Portal Pamarentahan Sabah] * [http://www.sabahtourism.com Dewan Pelesir Sabah] * [http://www.tourism.gov.my/en/my/web-page/places/states-of-malaysia/sabah Tourism Malaysia - Sabah] * [http://www.lawnet.sabah.gov.my/Lawnet/SabahLaws/StateLaws.aspx Hukum di Sabah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530024434/http://www.lawnet.sabah.gov.my/lawnet/SabahLaws/StateLaws.aspx |date=2014-05-30 }} * [http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/malaysian-borneo-sabah Sabah Lonely Planet] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu dipaséakeun]] [[Kategori:Sabah]] [[Kategori:Nagara bagéan di Malaysia]] dxcprt221f30yz12sdgcu7x4u713sgc Kuala Lumpur 0 44225 729211 711374 2026-09-26T15:51:00Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur | translit_lang1 = Lianna | translit_lang1_type1 = [[Jawi script|Jawi]] | translit_lang1_info1 = كوالا لومڤور | translit_lang1_type2 = [[Karakter Basa Cina Basajan|Cina]] | translit_lang1_info2 = 吉隆坡 | translit_lang1_type3 = [[Tamil Malaysia|Tamil]] | translit_lang1_info3 = கோலாலம்பூர் | nickname = KL, Kota Taman Cahaya | motto = Maju dan Makmur <br />({{lang-su|Maju tur Makmur}}) | image_skyline = KL Composite2.jpg | imagesize = 275px | image_caption = Saarah jarum jam ti luhur kénca: [[Munara Kembar Pétronas]], [[Jalan Petaling]], Masjid Jami' jeung tepungna [[walungan Gombak]]/[[Walungan Klang|Klang]], [[Monumén Nasional (Malaysia)|Monumén Nasional]], [[Masjid Nasional Malaysia|Masjid Nasional]], skyline KL. Tengah: [[Munara KL]] | image_flag = Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg |300px | image_seal = Coat of Arms of Kuala Lumpur.svg | image_map = | pushpin_map = Malaysia West | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_label = Kuala Lumpur | pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi di [[Jojontor Malaysia]] | pushpin_map1 = Malaysia | pushpin_label_position1 = right | pushpin_label1 = Kuala Lumpur | pushpin_map_caption1 = Lokasi di [[Malaysia]] | coordinates_region = MY | subdivision_type = [[Daptar nagara merdika|Nagara]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Nagara bagian katut wewengkon féderal di Malaysia|Wewengkon Féderal]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Malaysia}} | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg}} Kuala Lumpur | subdivision_type2 = Wewengkon administratif | subdivision_name2 = {{Collapsible list | title = List | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; | title_style = | list_style = text-align:left;display:none; | 1 = Damansara | 2 = Seputeh | 3 = Segambut | 4 = Kepong | 5 = Puseur Kota Kuala Lumpur | 6 = Setiawangsa | 7 = Bandar Tun Razak | 8 = Sungai Besi }} | established_title = Ngadeg | established_date = 1859<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaya Celebrates, 1959|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/malaya-celebrates|publisher=British Pathé|accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref> | established_title2 = Dilélér status kota | established_date2 = 1 Pébruari 1972 | established_title3 = Dilélér [[Wewengkon Féderal (Malaysia)|Wewengkon Féderal]] | established_date3 = 1 Pébruari 1974 | leader_title = [[Walikota]] (''Datuk Bandar'') | leader_name = Ahmad Phesal Talib | area_footnotes = <ref name="Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010" /> | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = 243 | area_metro_km2 = 2,243.27 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_footnotes = <ref name="statistics.gov.my" /> | population_total = 1,627,172 ([[Daptar wewengkon urban di Malaysia dumasar populasi|ka-1]]) | population_urban = | population_metro = 7,200,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focusmalaysia.my/Assets/KL%20on%20track%20to%20megacity%20status|title=KL on track to megacity status|publisher=Focus Malaysia|accessdate=30 April 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219134216/http://focusmalaysia.my/Assets/KL%20on%20track%20to%20megacity%20status |date=19 December 2014 }}</ref> |population_density_sq_mi = 17,310 | population_density_km2 = 6,891 | population_density_metro_km2 = 6,581 | population_blank1_title = [[Daptar kecap sipat katut démonim kota|Démonim]] | population_blank1 = [[KLites|KL-ite]] / Kuala Lumpurian | demographics_type1 = [[Human Development Index]] | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref>tags --> | demographics1_title1 = HDI (2010) | demographics1_info1 = 0.795&nbsp;(<span style="colour:#090;">high</span>) ([[States and federal territories of Malaysia|2nd]]) | timezone = [[Malaysian Standard Time|MST]] | utc_offset = +8 | timezone_DST = Henteu katitén | utc_offset_DST = +8 | blank_name = [[Mean solar time]] | blank_info = UTC + 06:46:48 | elevation_m = 21.95 | elevation_ft = 72 | latd = 3 | latm = 8 | latNS = N | longd = 101 | longm = 41 | longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline,title | postal_code_type = [[Daptar kode pos di Malaysia|Kode pos]] | postal_code = 50000 tepi ka 60000 | blank1_name = [[Nomer telepon di Malaysia|Kode telepon nasional]] <!-- refer to Warsaw --> | blank1_info = 03 | blank2_name = [[Pelat nomer tutumpakan Malaysia|Hurup hareup pelat nomer]] | blank2_info = W <small> (keur sakabéh tutumpakan kajaba taksi) </small> <br /> HW <small> (keur taksi wungkul) </small> | blank3_name = [[ISO 3166-2]] | blank3_info = MY-14 | website = {{URL|http://www.dbkl.gov.my/}} }} '''Kuala Lumpur''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|w|ɑː|l|ə| |ˈ|l|ʊ|m|p|ʊə}} atawa {{IPAc-en|-|p|ər}}; <small>pronunsiasi basa Malaysia:&nbsp;</small><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈkwalə ˈlumpʊr]</span>)<ref>[http://www.timeoutkl.com/ KL Attractions, Activities & What's On in KL – Time Out Kuala Lumpur].</ref> nyaéta [[Puseur dayeuh|ibukota]] nasional tur mangrupa [[Kota|dayeuh]] panggegekna di [[Malaysia]].<ref name="world-gazetteer.com">{{cite web|title = Malaysia: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population|url = http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-152&srt=pnan&col=dhoq&msz=1500|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130509035002/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-152&srt=pnan&col=dhoq&msz=1500|archivedate = 9 May 2013|accessdate = 10 July 2015}}{{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/20121216152810/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-152&srt=pnan&col=dhoq&msz=1500 |date=16 December 2012 }}</ref> Ieu dayeuh legana {{Convert|243|km2|sqmi|abbr = on}} kalayan angkanan populasi 1.6 juta jiwa dina taun 2010.<ref name="world-gazetteer.com"/> Kuala Lumpur Raya, nu ngawengku wewengkon nu sarua jeung Léngkob Klang, mangrupa hiji jumplukan 7.5 juta urang pangeusi dina taun 2012.<ref name="wg">{{cite web|url = http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1160302510&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=ohdq&pt=a&va=&geo=-152|title = Malaysia:Metropolitan areas|author = Helders, Stefan|work = World Gazetteer|accessdate = 4 December 2007|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071113232041/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1160302510&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=ohdq&pt=a&va=&geo=-152|archivedate = 13 November 2007}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113232041/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1160302510&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=ohdq&pt=a&va=&geo=-152 |date=13 November 2007 }}</ref> Ieu téh mangrupa wewengkon métropolitan pangkencengna di Asia Kidul Wétan, nu patali jeung populasi katut ékonomi. Kuala Lumpur mangrupa panyicingan Paremén Malaysia. Ieu dayeuh kungsi sakali jadi panyicingan cabang éksekutif katut pangadilan pamaréntahan féderal, tapi tuluy pindah ka Putrajaya dina awal taun 1999.<ref>{{cite web|publisher = Government of Malaysia|title = Putrajaya&nbsp;– Administrative Capital of Malaysia|accessdate = 11 December 2007|url = http://www.gov.my/MyGov/BI/Directory/Government/AboutMsianGov/PutrajayaFederalAdminCapital/|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071021194523/http://www.gov.my/MyGov/BI/Directory/Government/AboutMsianGov/PutrajayaFederalAdminCapital/|archivedate = 21 October 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218073613/http://www.gov.my/MYGOV/BI/Directory/Government/AboutMsianGov/PutrajayaFederalAdminCapital/ |date=18 December 2007 }}</ref> Sababaraha bagian pangadilan nyésa kénéh di ibukota Kuala Lumpur. Panyicingan resmi Raja Malaysia, Istana Negara, ogé perenahna di Kuala Lumpur. Dipeunteun minangka dayeuh dunya alpha, Kuala Lumpur mangrupa puseur budaya, kaduitan katut ékonomi Malaysia alatan posisina minangka ibu kota katut kota utama. Kuala Lumpur meunang réngking ka-48 di antara kota global dumasar kana Indéks Kota Global<ref name="Kearney, Inc">{{cite web|url = http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401|title = The 2010 Global Cities Index|publisher = Foreign Policy|first = A.T.|last = Kearney, Inc.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309015912/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401 |date=2011-03-09 }}</ref> nu diayakeun ku Foreign Policy taun 2010 sarta réngking ka-67 di antara kota global keur inovasi ékonomi katut sosial dumasar kana Indéks Kota Inovasi nu diayakeun ku [http://www.2thinknow.com/ 2thinknow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706055735/http://www.2thinknow.com/ |date=2015-07-06 }} taun 2010.<ref name="Print! Email! Author: 2thinknow">{{cite web|author = &nbsp;Print! &nbsp;Email! Author: 2thinknow|url = http://www.innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-top-100-index-top-cities/|title = Innovation Cities™ Top 100 Index &#124; 2010 &#124; Innovation Cities Program&nbsp;– Analyst Reports, Index Rankings, Benchmarking Data, Workshops|publisher = Innovation-cities.com|date = 1 September 2010|accessdate = 14 January 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513183603/http://www.innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-top-100-index-top-cities/ |date=13 May 2013 }}</ref> Kuala Lumpur kawangen ku wates Wewengkon Féderal Kuala Lumpur tur mangrupa salah sahiji tina tilu Wewengkon Féderal Malaysia.<ref name="Ibrahim, 2007">Jeong Chun Hai @Ibrahim, & Nor Fadzlina Nawi. (2007).</ref> Mangrupa daérah kantong di jero nagara bagian Selangor, di basisir kulon tengah Jojontor Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.statoids.com/umy.html|title = Territorial extent|work = States of Malaysia|accessdate = 11 December 2007|publisher = statoids.com}}</ref> Ti taun 1990-an, ieu kota geus jadi tuan rumah kajadian olahraga, pulitik katut budaya mancanagara kaasup Commonwéalth Game 1998 katut Grand Prix [[Formula Hiji|Formula One]]. Kuala Lumpur ogé jadi tempat wangunan kembar pangluhurna di dunya [[Munara Pétronas|PMunara Kembar Pétronas]], nu jadi simbul kamekaran Malaysia keur pika hareupeunana. == Hubungan mancanagara == [[Gambar:Isfahankualalumpur.jpg|right|thumb|225x225px|Jalan Isfahan  (saméméhna ''Jalan Selat'') di Kuala Lumpur (luhur) sarta jalan raya Kuala Lumpur di Isfahan (handap).]] === Kota dulur === Kuala Lumpur kiwari boga sawelas kota dulur: {| class="wikitable" id="cx2602" data-source="2602" data-cx-weight="290" contenteditable="true" | id="2605" | * {{NagaraI|IND}} Chennai, India.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://hindu.com/2010/11/26/stories/2010112661760300.htm|title = Chennai, Kuala Lumpur sign sister city pact|accessdate = 26 November 2010|location = Chennai, India|work = The Hindu|date = 26 November 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129155307/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/26/stories/2010112661760300.htm |date=29 November 2010 }}</ref> * {{NagaraI|IND}} Delhi, India.<ref name="times_sister">{{cite news|last = Kumar Das|first = Arun|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/15278423.cms|title = Delhi to London, it's a sister act|publisher = The Times of India|date = 7 July 2002|accessdate = 30 August 2008}}</ref> * {{NagaraI|IRN}} Isfahan, Iran.<ref>{{cite web|year = 2005|url = http://www.council.isfahan.ir/EStatic/WFESisterhood.aspx|title = Sisterhoods|work = Isfahan Islamic Council|accessdate = 4 December 2007|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071012171031/http://council.isfahan.ir/EStatic/WFESisterhood.aspx|archivedate = 12 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="APCS">{{cite web|url = http://www.urc.or.jp/summit/summit/map/more_e.php?id=0605&apcs_mbr=715654f62317576a55d2271bbc82c814|title = About Members: Kuala Lumpur|publisher = Asian-Pacific City Summit|accessdate = 3 November 2007|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122358/http://www.urc.or.jp/summit/summit/map/more_e.php?id=0605&apcs_mbr=715654f62317576a55d2271bbc82c814|archivedate = 22 July 2011|deadurl = yes}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425175410/http://www.urc.or.jp/summit/summit/map/more_e.php?id=0605&apcs_mbr=715654f62317576a55d2271bbc82c814 |date=25 April 2011 }}</ref> | id="2619" | * {{NagaraI|IRN}} Mashhad, Iran.<ref>{{cite news|title = Mashad-Kuala Lumpur Become Sister cities|date = 14 October 2006|url = http://kuala-lumpur-news.newslib.com/story/453-3234431/|publisher = FARS News Agency|accessdate = 4 December 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714174230/http://kuala-lumpur-news.newslib.com/story/453-3234431/ |date=14 July 2011 }}</ref> * {{NagaraI|IRN}} Shiraz, Iran.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.eshiraz.ir/main/en/scity,97102|title = Sister Cities of Shiraz|publisher = Shiraz Municipality|date = 12 June 2010|accessdate = 30 April 2015}}</ref> * {{NagaraI|JPN}} [[Osaka]], Jepang.<ref name="APCS"/><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/seisakukikakushitsu/page/0000040993.html|title = ビジネスパートナー都市 (BPC)|date = 28 December 2009|publisher = Osaka City Government|accessdate = 23 September 2010|language = Japanese|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120230641/http://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/seisakukikakushitsu/page/0000040993.html|archivedate = 20 January 2013|deadurl = yes}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120230641/http://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/seisakukikakushitsu/page/0000040993.html |date=20 January 2013 }}</ref> | id="2633" | * {{NagaraI|MAS}} Malacca City, Malaysia.<ref name="APCS"/> * {{NagaraI|MAR}} Casablanca, Morocco.<ref name="APCS"/> * {{NagaraI|PAK}} Karachi, Pakistan.<ref name="Associated Press of Pakistan">{{cite web|title = Eight Pakistani cities have 47 sister cities around the world|publisher = Associated Press of Pakistan|url = http://app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=139385|accessdate = 8 July 2013}}</ref> | id="2647" | * {{NagaraI|PAK}} Lahore, Pakistan.<ref name="Associated Press of Pakistan"/> * {{NagaraI|TUR}} Ankara, Turkey.<ref name="APCS"/><ref name="Ankara twinnings">{{cite web|url = http://www.ankara-bel.gov.tr/AbbSayfalari/hizmet_birimleri/dis_dairesi_baskanligi/avrupa_gunu_kutlamasi.aspx|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090114033014/http://www.ankara-bel.gov.tr/AbbSayfalari/hizmet_birimleri/dis_dairesi_baskanligi/avrupa_gunu_kutlamasi.aspx|title = Kardeş Kentleri Listesi ve 5 Mayıs Avrupa Günü Kutlaması ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|publisher = Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi&nbsp;— Tüm Hakları Saklıdır|archivedate = 14 January 2009|accessdate = 21 July 2013|language = Turkish}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114033014/http://www.ankara-bel.gov.tr/AbbSayfalari/hizmet_birimleri/dis_dairesi_baskanligi/avrupa_gunu_kutlamasi.aspx |date=14 January 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-malaysia.en.mfa|title = Relations between Turkey and Malaysia|publisher = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)]]|accessdate = 1 July 2015|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150630225011/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-malaysia.en.mfa|archivedate = 30 June 2015|deadurl = no}}</ref> |} == Tempo ogé == * Kuala Lumpur Raya * Putrajaya * Cyberjaya == Rujukan == {{Reflist|2}} == Tumbu luar == * [http://www.dbkl.gov.my/ Balé Kota Kuala Lumpur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320022700/http://www.dbkl.gov.my/ |date=2011-03-20 }} * [http://www.tourism.gov.my/en/my/web-page/places/states-of-malaysia/kuala-lumpur Tourism Malaysia – Kuala Lumpur] [[Kategori:Ibu kota nagara di Asia]] f9b3l2l7r9iy90swm4gq9e1m915i12s Wikipedia:Sawala (téknis) 4 45541 729110 712689 2026-09-26T12:30:28Z Rafka Aditia 29183 /* Pamutahiran rohang ngaran */ bagean anyar 729110 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{Hider kaca sawala|start=120|1=Téknisl|2=Kaca sawala bagian '''téknis''' digunakeun pikeun nyawalakeun hal-hal téknis ngeunaan '''Wikipedia'''. Laporan ''bug'' sarta pamundut fitur mah kuduna di [[mw:Phabricator|Pabrikator]] (ilikan [[mw:How to report a bug|cara ngalaporkeun ''bug'']]). ''Bug'' anu ngakibatkeun [[web application security|kaancamna kaamanan]] mah béda deui tempat ngalaporkeunna (ilikan [[mw:Reporting security bugs|cara ngalaporkeun ''bug'']]). <!-- All of the text for this top section is found at template:Villagepumppages --> Mun anyar jabung ka sawala téknis mah alusna maca heula [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Before posting|panduan]] utamana pikeun nulis di dieu. Patanyaan ngeunaan [[MediaWiki]] nu umum kuduna di [[mw:Project:Support desk|tempat dukungan MediaWiki]]. |3=WP:ST|4=WP:STÉK}}<!-- -->__NEWSECTIONLINK__<!-- -->[[<!-- OK -->Category:Sawala Wikipedia]] __TOC__ <span id="below_toc"></span> {{clear}} <!-- TULISNA HANDAPEUN KALIMAH IEU --></noinclude> == VisualEditor News #1—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|300px|right|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]] Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's appéarance, the coming Citoid reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The Wikimedia Foundation has named [[:mw:Wikimedia_Engineering/2014-15_Goals#Top_departmental_priorities_for_Q3_.28January-March_2015.29|its top priorities for this quarter]] (January to March). The first priority is making VisualEditor réady for deployment by default to all new users and logged-out users at the remaining large Wikipedias. You can help identify these requirements. <mark>There will be weekly '''triage meetings '''which''' will be open to volunteers''' beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC). </mark> Tell Vice présidént of Engineering [[:foundation:User:Damon_Sicore_(WMF)|Damon Sicore]], Product Manager [[:mw:User:Jdforrester_(WMF)|James Forrester]] and other téam members which bugs and féatures are most important to you. The decisions made at these meetings will determine what work is necessary for this quarter's goal of making VisualEditor réady for deployment to new users. The presence of volunteers who enjoy contributing MediaWiki code is particularly appreciated. Information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins. Due to some bréaking changes in MobileFrontend and VisualEditor, VisualEditor was not working correctly on the mobile site for a couple of days in éarly January. The téams apologize for the problem. === Recent improvements === The''' new design for VisualEditor''' aligns with MediaWiki's [[mw:Frontend standards group|Front-End Standards]] as led by the Design téam. Several new versions of the [[mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]] library have also been reléased, and these also affect the appéarance of VisualEditor and other MediaWiki software extensions. Most changes were minor, like changing the text size and the amount of white space in some windows. Buttons are consistently color-coded to indicate whether the action: * starts a new task, like opening the {{int:visualeditor-toolbar-savedialog}} dialog: <span style="background-color: #015ccc; color:white"> blue </span>, * takes a constructive action, like inserting a citation: <span style="background-color: #008c6d; color:white"> green </span>, * might remove or lose your work, like removing a link: <span style="background-color: #a7170f; color:white"> red </span>, or * is neutral, like opening a link in a new browser window: <span style="color: 757575"> gray </span>. The '''TemplateData editor''' has been completely re-written to use a different design based on the same OOjs UI system as VisualEditor. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67815 T67815], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73746 T73746].) This change fixed a couple of existing bugs and improved usability. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73077 T73077], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73078 T73078].) '''Séarch and replace''' in long documents is now faster. It does not highlight every occurrence if there are more than 100 on-screen at once.([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T78234 T78234].) Editors at the Hebrew and Russian Wikipedia requested the ability to use VisualEditor in the "Article Incubator" or drafts namespace. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86688 T86688], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T87027 T87027].) If your community would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''' on your wiki, then you can file a request in Phabricator. Pléase include a link to a community discussion about the requested change. === Looking ahead === The Editing téam will soon add '''auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations'''. The '''[[mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[w:URL|URL]] or [[w:en: Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After créating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for ISBNs, PMIDs, and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to contribute to the Citoid service's definitions for éach website, to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections. We will need editors to help test the '''new design of the special character inserter''', especially if you spéak Welsh, Breton, or another language that uses diacritics or special characters extensively. The new version should be available for testing next week. Pléase contact [[:en:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] if you would like to be notified when the new version is available. After the special character tool is completed, VisualEditor will be deployed to all users at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5 Wikipedias]]. This will affect about 50 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans, Azerbaijani, Breton, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Mongolian, Tatar, and Welsh'''. The date for this change has not been determined. === Let's work together === *Share your idéas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. *Pléase help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&language=&action=page&filter= complete translations of the user guide] for users who spéak your language. *Join the weekly bug triage meetings beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC); information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins, and you can also contact [[mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James F.]] to léarn more about this initiative. *Talk to the Editing téam during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Thursday, 19 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=19&month=2&year=2015 19:00 UTC]. *Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, pléase subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 5 Pébruari 2015 18.30 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=10839689 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: *[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals *[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 2 Maret 2015 21.14 (UTC) :''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10785744 --> == Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content == This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new idéas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idéa that could help address this problem, pléase get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31. All proposals are welcome - reséarch projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outréach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on idéas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring soméone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge! :*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]] ''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 4 Maret 2015 20.01 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=11457822 --> == VisualEditor News #2—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source: [[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]] Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results. Click the green "Insert" button to accept its results and add them to the article: [[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]] After inserting the citation, you can change it. Select the reference, and click the "Edit" button in the context menu to maké changes. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, éach Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&p1=224&am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC). You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker. Instéad, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. Léarn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. === Recent improvements === VisualEditor is now substantially faster. In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%. The Editing téam is slowly adding '''auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias. The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After créating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for éach website. Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates. If you would like to request this féature for your wiki, pléase post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki. The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users. After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March. This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Koréan and Japanese. These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] ("IMEs”). Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users. The design for the image selection process is now using a "masonry fit" modél. Images in the séarch results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|"packed" mode in image galleries]]. This style helps you find the right image by making it éasier to see more details in images. You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appéarance ​on the page. The pop-up window that appéars when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the "context menu". It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename. The téam has also added an explicit "Edit" button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item. '''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section héadings. Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to booléan value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instéad. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734]) === Looking ahead === The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at éach wiki will also have the option of créating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. The téam is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors. The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666]) === Let's work together === * Share your idéas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * Can you translate from English into any other language? Pléase check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor-ve&suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language. [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! * The design reséarch téam wants to see how réal editors work. Pléase [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * File requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't réading this in your favorite language, then pléase help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 10 April 2015 19.48 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=11742174 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences (200 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for géographies within the United States (10 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]''' — an extensive legal reséarch database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 4 Méi 2015 22.12 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12114173 --> ::Thank you for the info. Mangga ka para wargi anu sakirana peryogi akses ka pabukon2 anu disebat di luhur, tiasa dipolow ap! --[[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 5 Méi 2015 04.11 (UTC) == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope soméone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that maké it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will bréak due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and pléase [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API bréaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely bréak. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development téam, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope soméone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that maké it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will bréak due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and pléase [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API bréaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely bréak. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development téam, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == VisualEditor News #3—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> The link tool has been re-designed: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has créated new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design. Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase. During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not. The main goal of the study is to léarn which group was more likely to save an edit and to maké productive, unreverted edits. Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month. === Recent improvements === '''Auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''. Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May. All citations are now créated inside a single tool. Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}). The cite button is now labeled with the word "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}" rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more méaningful label, "{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}", for the submit button. The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing. It now has two separate sections: one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Séarch results have been reduced to the first five pages. Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appéared over the first match in the link inspector. ([[phab:T98085|T98085]]) The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at éach wiki can also créate a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Pléase réad the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. Also, there is now a tooltip to describing éach character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]]) Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''. When you séarch for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The paraméter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a paraméter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on "{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}" éach time they want to add another paraméter. ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The téam added a '''new property for TemplateData''', "{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}", for template paraméters. This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that paraméter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]]) The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme. In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars. Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design féature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled. The téam has reléased a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''. If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed. === Let's work together === * Share your idéas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC). Léarn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though. Instéad, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. * If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then pléase contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. * If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference féature for your wiki, pléase post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki. *The téam is planning the second VisualEditor-related "translathon" for July. Pléase follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't réading this in your favorite language, then pléase help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div>13 Juni 2015 10.44 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=12206605 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor & Francis]]''' — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts & Humanities and Biological, Environment & éarth Sciences. (30 accounts) *'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]''' — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present. (100 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts) '''New French-Language Branch!''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts). * '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) — Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts). * '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials (1000 accounts). Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12455967 --> == HTTPS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. Hi everyone. Over the last few yéars, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both réaders and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been réady to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals. [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might alréady be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified. Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably alréady had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to maké sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions. /[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]] </div> 19 Juni 2015 22.01 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/HTTPS_global_message_delivery&oldid=12471979 --> == Content Translation, the new article creation tool is now available as a beta-feature == [[File:Cx-icon-ltr.svg|264px|right|Tool icon]] [[File:Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm|thumb|How to use Content Translation - a short video (English)]] Hello, [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has now been enabled as an opt-in beta féature on the Sundanese Wikipedia. To start translating: # Pléase enable the Beta féature in your preferences by checking the box for Content Translation. # Visit the page [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page to open the tool. # Click on the button to créate a new translation. # In the displayed dialog select the language of the original article and the article name, and the language you would like to translate to. Also add the title of the new article (or the original title will be inserted) and click on to begin. Your language preferences will be remembered for the next time. # You will see a screen consisting of three columns. The first column contains the text of the source language and the middle column is for the translated text. Using the third column you can perform several actions such as insert source text, remove the inserted text source text, add or remove links etc. # After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Sundanese Wikipedia by using the publish button that appéars. In case the article gets créated by another user while you were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace. # The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]]. Since this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but pléase do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [[phab:T103546|Phabricator]] if you spot any problems. For more information, pléase réad the information available in the [[:mw:Help:Extension:ContentTranslation|User Guide]]. Our announcement is written only in English, and we would réally appreciate if this message can be translated to réach more users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's Language Engineering Téam:--[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 30 Juni 2015 17.15 (UTC) == Hasil rarancang == Manawi katampi, ieu rarancangan kaca tepas ti simabdi '''[[Pamaké:Uchup19/Kotrétan]]''', anu dioméan tur ditambahan: *Ngoméan tutumbu ''icon'' gambar anu nojo ka tumbu gambarna di commons <small>(aya nu di kana tumbuna masing2 aya nu dibuntukeun)</small> *Ngoméan subkaca keur lumangsung anu teu kompléks, asalna mah <nowiki>{{Portal:Keur lumangsung/Juli 2015}}</nowiki> jadi <nowiki>{{Portal:Keur lumangsung/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}_{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki>. <small>(Supados teu unggal waktu ngaropéa kaca Tepas)</small> *Nambahan Tombol gabung *Nambahan kolom Sajarah poé ieu *Jrd. Panuhun ka {{gero|Kumincir}}, {{gero|Mssetiadi}}, {{gero|Ilham.nurwansah}}, {{gero|A.R Dipusparaga}}. Diantos kedalanna.--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 02.24 (UTC) :Sae, ngan aya sababaraha kalimat/istilah anu perlu dibadamikeun deui. 'Sajarah poe ieu', sakumaha dina obrolan sapalih, mun teu manggih nu pas mah samikeun bae 'poe ieu dina sajarah'. Teras 'kamaotan kiwari', naon nya kalimat anu pas? 'kapapatenan'? --[[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 03.38 (UTC) ::{{gero|Kumincir}} Muhun kang, parantos. Pami <u>kapapatenan</u> téh lomana mah <u>kapapaitan</u> panginten nya?--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 03.51 (UTC) :::Numutkeun pamendak simkuring mah Nu Pupus Kiwari, Nu Kiwari Pupus, atanapi Nu Pupus Taun Ieu. Memang sok rada sesah nyundakeun ke-an teh. Pilihan sanesna : Papaten Kiwari atanapi papait, nanging papait mah sanes mung ukur kanggo urusan pati, tapi kalebet oge teu damang sareng kasangsaraan sanesna. --[[Pamaké:Mssetiadi|Tedi]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Mssetiadi|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 06.13 (UTC) ::::{{gero|Mssetiadi}} Kumaha pami '''Nu Kiwari Pupus''' baé atuh?--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 06.34 (UTC) :::::Simkuring ogé panuju '''Nu Kiwari Pupus''' baé. --[[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|ilhamkang]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 14.15 (UTC) :::::Muhun kang, urang robih--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 14.28 (UTC) == Machine translation support to be enabled soon for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, I wanted to give you a héads up that machine translation support for [[phab:T144903|Sundanese]] is now réady to be extended to [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta féature) using Yandex. It is scheduled to be made active on this Wikipedia on September 14, 2016. This service can be used when translating Wikipedia articles into Sundanese with Content Translation. To start using this service, pléase choose ‘’Yandex.Translate’’ from the ‘’Automatic Translation’’ dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Yandex.Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex|Yandex translation services]], including a summary of the legal contract. Please note, the translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We look forward to your feedback. You can reach us using the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] or [[phab:T144903|phabricator ticket]]. This message could only be written in English and we will really appreciate if it can be translated into Sundanese for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of WMF Language team: --[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 8 Séptémber 2016 13.53 (UTC) </div> == Machine translation support enabled today for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, machine translation support for [[:mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta féature) has now been extended and enabled for users of [[phab:T144903|Sundanese Wikipedia]] using Yandex. It can be used when translating Wikipedia articles into Sundanese with Content Translation. To start using this service, pléase choose ‘’Yandex.Translate’’ from the ‘’Automatic Translation’’ dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Yandex.Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. Wikimedia Foundation’s Legal team and Yandex had collaborated earlier to work out [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex#Summary_of_terms_of_Yandex_agreement|an agreement]] that allows the use of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yandex.Translate Yandex.Translate] without compromising Wikipedia’s policy of attribution of rights, privacy of our users and brand representation. Since November 2015, Yandex machine translation has been used for articles translated for Wikipedias in many languages. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex|Yandex translation services]], including a summary of the legal contract. Please note, translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We have tested the service for use on the Sundanese Wikipedia, but there could be unknown problems that we are not aware of yet. Please do let us know on our [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] or [[phab:T144903|phabricator]] if you face any problems using Content Translation. This message is only in English and we will be very grateful if it could be translated into Sundanese for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of WMF Language team: --[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 15 Séptémber 2016 23.48 (UTC) </div> == The Wikimedia Developer Summit wants you == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The Wikimedia Developer Summit is the annual meeting to push the evolution of MediaWiki and other technologies supporting the Wikimedia movement. The next edition will be held in San Francisco on January 9–11, 2017. We welcome all Wikimedia technical contributors, third party developers, and users of MediaWiki and the Wikimedia APIs. We specifically want to incréase the participation of volunteer developers and other contributors déaling with extensions, apps, tools, bots, gadgets, and templates. Important déadlines: * Monday, October 24: last day to request travel sponsorship. Applying takes less than five minutes. * Monday, October 31: last day to propose an activity. Bring the topics you care about! More information: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Developer_Summit Subscribe to weekly updates: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Td5wfd70vptn8eu4 [[mw:User:MKramer (WMF)|MKramer (WMF)]] [[mw:User talk:MKramer (WMF)|(talk)]] 14 Oktober 2016 19.07 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=15989926 --> == Developer Wishlist Survey: propose your ideas == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> At the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Developer_Summit Wikimedia Developer Summit], we decided to organize a Developer Wishlist Survey, and here we go: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist The Wikimedia technical community seeks input from developers for developers, to créate a high-profile list of desired improvements. The scope of the survey includes the MediaWiki platform (core software, APIs, developer environment, enablers for extensions, gadgets, templates, bots, dumps), the Wikimedia server infrastructure, the contribution process, and documentation. The best part: we want to have the results published by Wednesday, February 15. Yes, in a month, to have a higher chance to influence the Wikimedia Foundation annual plan FY 2017-18. There's no time to lose. <b>Propose your idéas before the end of January</b>, either by pushing existing tasks in Phabricator or by créating new ones. You can find instructions on the wiki page. Questions and feedback are welcome especially on the related Talk page. The voting phase is expected to start on February 6 (tentative). Watch this space (or even better, the wiki page) - [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:SSethi_(WMF) SSethi_(WMF)] January 21st, 2017 3:07 AM (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=16170185 --> == Developer Wishlist Survey: Vote for Proposals == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Almost two weeks ago, the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Technical_Collaboration Technical Collaboration team] invited proposals for the first edition of the Developer Wishlist survey! We collected around 77 proposals that were marked as suitable for the developer wishlist and met the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist#Scope defined scope and criteria]. These proposals fall into the following nine categories: Frontend, Backend, Code Contribution (Process, Guidelines), Extensions, Technical Debt, Developer Environment, Documentation, Tools (Phabricator, Gerrit) and Community Engagement. Voting phase starts now and will run until <b>February 14th, 23:59 UTC</b>. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist Click here on a category and show support for the proposals you care for most]. Use the 'Vote' and 'Endorse' buttons next to a proposal to do so. <b>What happens next?</b><br/> Proposals that will gather most votes will be included in the final results which will be published on <b>Wednesday, February 15th</b>. These proposals will also be considered in the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual plan FY 2017-18 - [[m:User:SSethi_(WMF)|SSethi_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:SSethi_(WMF)|talk]]) 04:41, 6 February 2017 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=16170185 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun == Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, féatured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to réach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 10 Juni 2016 15.31 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idéa is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content! Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 1 Juli 2016 14.10 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Open call for Project Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: :Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. :Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session :*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] :Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]] :With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 5 Juli 2016 15.25 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15504704 --> == New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, héalth care, and engineering - 10 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 30 Agustus 2016 18.38 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15804509 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: *'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy *'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities *'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals *'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–héaring journals *'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics '''Expansions''' *'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added *'''[[:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence & Security Studies collection Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today! <br>--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 1 Nopémber 2016 18.30 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15939318 --> == New notification when a page is connected to Wikidata == Hello all, ''({{Int:Please-translate}})'' The Wikidata development team is about to deploy a new feature on all Wikipedias. It is a new type of notification (via Echo, the notification system you see at the top right of your wiki when you are logged in), that will inform the creator of a page, when this page is connected to a Wikidata item. You may know that [[d:Wikidata:Main page|Wikidata]] provides a centralized system for all the interwikilinks. When a new page is created, it should be connected to the corresponding Wikidata item, by modifying this Wikidata item. With this new notification, editors creating pages will be informed when another editor connects this page to Wikidata. [[File:Screenshot Echo Wikibase notification.png]] This feature will be deployed on May 30th on all the Wikipedias, excepting English, French and German. This feature will be disable by default for existing editors, and enabled by default for new editors. This is the first step of the deployments, the Wikipedias and other Wikimedia projects will follow in the next months. If you have any question, suggestion, please let me know by pinging me. You can also follow and leave a comment [[phab:T142102|on the Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks go to [[d:user:Matěj Suchánek|Matěj Suchánek]] who developed this feature! {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] ([[:d:User talk:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16774958 --> == Wikidata changes now also appear in enhanced recent changes == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, and sorry to write this message in English. You can [[mw:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Wikidata_in_enhanced_recent_changes|help translating it]]. Starting from today, you will be able to display Wikidata changes in both modes of the recent changes and the watchlist. '''[[mw:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Wikidata_in_enhanced_recent_changes|Read and translate the full message]]''' {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 29 Juni 2017 08.33 (UTC) <small>(wrong target page? you can [[m:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)/List Wikipedias|fix it here]])</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16777494 --> == Improved search in deleted pages archive == {{int:please-translate}} During Wikimedia Hackathon 2016, the [[mw:Wikimedia_Discovery|Discovery]] team [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T109561 worked] on one of the items on the 2015 community wishlist, namely [[m:2015_Community_Wishlist_Survey/Search#Provide_a_means_of_searching_for_deleted_pages|enabling searching the archive of deleted pages]]. This feature is now ready for production deployment, and will be enabled on all wikis, except Wikidata. Right now, the feature is behind a feature flag - to use it on your wiki, please go to the <code>Special:Undelete</code> page, and add <code>&fuzzy=1</code> to the URL, like this: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUndelete&fuzzy=1. Then search for the pages you're interested in. There should be more results than before, due to using ElasticSearch indexing (via the CirrusSearch extension). We plan to enable this improved search by default on all wikis soon (around August 1, 2017). If you have any objections to this - please raise them with the Discovery team via [http://mailto:discovery@lists.wikimedia.org email] or on this announcement's discussion page. Like most Mediawiki configuration parameters, the functionality can be configured per wiki. Once the improved search becomes the default, you can still access the old mode using <code>&fuzzy=0</code> in the URL, like this: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUndelete&fuzzy=0 Please note that since Special:Undelete is an admin-only feature, this search capability is also only accessible to wiki admins. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 25 Juli 2017 18.40 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Archive_search_announce/Distribution_list&oldid=17036927 --> == Improvements coming soon to Recent Changes == <div dir="ltr"> [[File:Rc-beta-tour-welcome-ltr.gif|link=Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New_filters_for_edit_review|right|frameless]] Hello Sorry to use English. {{Int:please-translate}}! {{Int:thank-you}} '''In short:''' starting on 26 September, New Filters for Edit Review ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|now in Beta]]) will become standard on Recent Changes. They provide an array of new tools and an improved interface. If you prefer the current page you will be able to opt out. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about the New Filters]]. <big>'''What is this feature again?'''</big> This feature improves [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:RecentChangesLinked]] (and soon, [[Special:Watchlist]] – see below). Based on a new design, it adds new features that ease vandalism tracking and support of newcomers: * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|Filtering]] - filter recent changes with easy-to-use and powerful filters combinations, including filtering by namespace or tagged edits. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Highlighting function|Highlighting]] - add a colored background to the different changes you are monitoring. It helps quick identification of changes that matter to you. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Bookmarking|Bookmarking]] to keep your favorite configurations of filters ready to be used. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quality and Intent Filters|Quality and Intent Filters]] - those filters use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES predictions]]. They identify real vandalism or good faith intent contributions that need help. They are not available on all wikis. You can know more about this project by visiting [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quick tour|the quick tour help page]]. <big>'''Concerning RecentChanges'''</big> Starting on 26 September, '''New Filters for Edit Review will become standard on Recent Changes'''. We have decided to do this release because of a long and successful Beta test phase, positive feedback from various users and positive user testing. Some features will remain as Beta features and will be added later. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about those different features]]. If your community has specific concerns about this deployment or internal discussion, it can request to have the deployment to their wikis delayed to October 1, if they have ''sensible, consistent with the project, actionable, realistic feedback to oppose'' (at the development team's appreciation). You will also be able to opt-out this change in your preferences. <big>'''Concerning Watchlists'''</big> Starting on '''September 19''', the Beta feature will have a new option. '''Watchlists will have all filters available now on the Beta Recent Changes improvements'''. If you have already activated the Beta feature "{{int:eri-rcfilters-beta-label}}", you have no action to take. If you haven't activated the Beta feature "{{int:eri-rcfilters-beta-label}}" and you want to try the filters on Watchlists, please go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|your Beta preferences]] on September 19. <big>'''How to be ready'''</big> Please share this announcement! Do you use Gadgets that change things on your RecentChanges or Watchlist pages, or have you customized them with scripts or CSS? You may have to make some changes to your configuration. Despite the fact that we have tried to take most cases into consideration, some configurations may break. The Beta phase is a great opportunity to have a look at local scripts and gadgets: some of them may be replaced by native features from the Beta feature. Please ping me if you have questions. On behalf of the [[mw:Global Collaboration|Global Collaboration team]], [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 14 Séptémber 2017 15.27 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17219431 --> == Global preferences available for testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Greetings, Global preferences, a [[m:2016_Community_Wishlist_Survey/Categories/Miscellaneous#Global_settings|highly request feature in the 2016 Community Wishlist]], is available for testing. # [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|Read over the help page]], it is brief and has screenshots # Login or register an account on [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:Login Beta English Wikipedia] # Visit [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:GlobalPreferences Global Preferences] and try enabling and disabling some settings # Visit some other language and project test wikis such as [https://en.wikivoyage.beta.wmflabs.org English Wikivoyage], the [https://he.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99 Hebrew Wikipedia] and test the settings # [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|Report your findings, experience, bugs, and other observations]] Once the team has feedback on design issues, bugs, and other things that might need worked out, the problems will be addressed and global preferences will be sent to the wikis. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thanks! --[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 27 Pébruari 2018 00.24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17571042 --> == Notification from edit summary == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Greetings, The ability to [[m:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary|notify other users in edit summaries]] will be available later this week, on 15 March 2018. Other users can be notified if a [[m:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary#How_it_works|link to their user page is provided in an edit summary]]. Some user-made gadgets and scripts that automatically put user names in edit summaries may need to be changed to put a colon in the link, such as <nowiki>[[:User:Example]]</nowiki>. You can change how you receive these mention notifications in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|preferences]]. This feature was [[m:2017_Community_Wishlist_Survey|highly requested in the 2017 Community Wishlist survey]], and [[m:Talk:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary|feedback is welcome]]. Thanks, happy editing to you. -[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 12 Maret 2018 21.09 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17778225 --> == We need your feedback to improve Lua functions == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello, (I’m sorry for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}) If you’re regularly using Lua modules, creating and improving some of them, we need your feedback! The Wikidata development team would like to provide more Lua functions, in order to improve the experience of people who write Lua scripts to reuse Wikidata's data on the Wikimedia projects. Our goals are to help harmonizing the existing modules across the Wikimedia projects, to make coding in Lua easier for the communities, and to improve the performance of the modules. We would like to know more about your habits, your needs, and what could help you. We have a few questions for you [[d:Wikidata:New convenience functions for Lua|on this page]]. Note that if you don’t feel comfortable with writing in English, you can answer in your preferred language. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 27 Maret 2018 08.56 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Luannouncement&oldid=17873868 --> == Time to bring embedded maps (‘mapframe’) to most Wikipedias == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Time to bring embedded maps (‘mapframe’) to most Wikipedias''' {{int:please-translate}} [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Mapframe]] is a feature that enables users to easily display interactive maps right on wiki pages. Currently, most Wikipedias don’t have mapframe. But [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Maps#Milestones_and_Updates|fifteen Wikipedias]], along with all the other Wikimedia projects, are using mapframe today to display maps on thousands of pages. A little background: over the last few months, the Foundation’s [[mw:Collaboration|Collaboration team]] has been working to improve the stability and user experience of the maps service. In addition, a question about long-term support for the maps service was recently settled, and a small team has been assigned for routine maintenance. Given these developments, bringing the benefits of mapframe to Wikipedias that lack the feature seems both safe and supportable. [[phab:T191583|Nine Wikipedias]] that use a stricter version of Flagged Revisions will not get mapframe in this release. Maps are a valuable form of visual data that can improve readers’ understanding across a wide range of topics. If you know of any reasons why mapframe shouldn’t be implemented on your Wikipedia, let us know [[mw:Talk:Map_improvements_2018|on the project talk page]]. Unless we hear from you, we plan to release mapframe to most Wikipedias in May, 2018. So, if you foresee an issue, please let us hear from you. Otherwise, happy mapping! </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 24 April 2018 21.38 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JMatazzoni_(WMF)/mapframe-to-all-wikipedias-notice/distribution_list&oldid=17969222 --> == Wikitext highlighting out of beta == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|Wikitext syntax highlighting]], also known as CodeMirror, has been moved out of Beta Features and is available in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017_wikitext_editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] on all wikis. Syntax highlighting helps you see problems in your wikitext before previewing or publishing text. Please try out the tool if you did not do so while it was being developed, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:CodeMirror|feedback is welcome]]. - [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) </div>4 Méi 2018 18.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17844049 --> == Improvements coming soon on Watchlists == <div dir="ltr"> [[File:Rc-beta-tour-welcome-ltr.gif|link=Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New_filters_for_edit_review|right|frameless]] Hello Sorry to use English. {{Int:please-translate}}! {{Int:thank-you}} '''In short:''' starting on June 18, New Filters for Edit Review ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|now in Beta]]) will become standard on Watchlists. They provide an array of new tools and an improved interface. If you prefer the current page you will be able to opt out. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about the New Filters]]. <big>'''What is this feature again?'''</big> This feature is used by default on [[Special:RecentChanges]], [[Special:RecentChangesLinked]] and as a Beta feature on [[Special:Watchlist]]. Based on a new design, that feature adds new functions to those pages, to ease vandalism tracking and support of newcomers: * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|Filtering]] - filter recent changes with easy-to-use and powerful filters combinations, including filtering by namespace or tagged edits. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Highlighting function|Highlighting]] - add a colored background to the different changes you are monitoring. It helps quick identification of changes that matter to you. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Bookmarking|Bookmarking]] to keep your favorite configurations of filters ready to be used. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quality and Intent Filters|Quality and Intent Filters]] - those filters use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES predictions]]. They identify real vandalism or good faith intent contributions that need help. They are not available on all wikis. You can know more about this project by visiting [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quick tour|the quick tour help page]]. <big>'''About the release on Watchlists'''</big> Over 70,000 people have activated the New Filters beta, which has been in testing on Watchlist for more than eight months. We feel confident that the features are stable and effective, but if you have thoughts about these tools or the beta graduation, [[mw:Talk:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|please let us know]] on the project talk page. In particular, tell us if you know of a special incompatibility or other issue that makes the New Filters problematic on your wiki. We’ll examine the blocker and may delay release on your wiki until the issue can be addressed. The deployment will start on June 18 or on June 25, depending on the wiki ([[phab:T195993#4261642|check the list]]). After the deployment, you will also be able to opt-out this change directly from the Watchlist page and also in your preferences. <big>'''How to be ready?'''</big> Please share this announcement! If you use local Gadgets that change things on your Watchlist pages, or have a customized scripts or CSS, be ready. You may have to make some changes to your configuration. Despite the fact that we have tried to take most cases into consideration, some configurations may break. The Beta phase is a great opportunity to have a look at local scripts and gadgets: some of them may be replaced by native features from the Beta feature. Please share your questions and comments on the [[mw:Talk:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|feedback page]]. On behalf of the [[mw:Collaboration|Collaboration team]], [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 7 Juni 2018 13.14 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox2&oldid=18110305 --> == Update on page issues on mobile web == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Update on page issues on mobile web''' {{int:please-translate}} Hi everyone. The [[mw:Reading/Web/Team|Readers web team]] has recently begun working on exposing issue templates on the mobile website. Currently, details about issues with page content are generally hidden on the mobile website. This leaves readers unaware of the reliability of the pages they are reading. The goal of this project is to improve awareness of particular issues within an article on the mobile web. We will do this by changing the visual styling of page issues. So far, we have [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|drafted a proposal on the design and implementation]] of the project. We were also able to run [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues/Research Results|user testing on the proposed designs]]. The tests so far have positive results. Here is a quick summary of what we learned: * The new treatment increases awareness of page issues among participants. This is true particularly when they are in a more evaluative/critical mode. * Page issues make sense to readers and they understand how they work * Readers care about page issues and consider them important * Readers had overwhelmingly positive sentiments towards Wikipedia associated with learning about page issues Our next step would be to start implementing these changes. We wanted to reach out to you for any concerns, thoughts, and suggestions you might have before beginning development. Please [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|visit the project page]] where we have more information and mockups of how this may look. Please [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|leave feedback on the talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 12 Juni 2018 20.58 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18120916 --> == Tidy to RemexHtml == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[:mw:Parsing|Parsing]] team will be [[:mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|replacing Tidy with RemexHtml]] at this wiki on 5 July 2018. Some pages at this wiki use outdated HTML. This change may change the appearance of those pages. [[Special:LintErrors]] has a complete list of affected pages. Read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html this e-mail message] for more information. Read the instructions at [[:mw:Help:Extension:Linter]]. You can ask questions at [[:mw:Talk:Parsing/Replacing Tidy]]. Thank you for helping fix these problems. </div> [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 2 Juli 2018 14.38 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Editing/Parsing_change&oldid=18129171 --> == Consultation on the creation of a separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all, I'm preparing a change in who can edit sitewide CSS/JS pages. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which are executed in the browser of all readers and editors.) Currently all administrators are able to edit these pages, which poses a serious and unnecessary security risk. Soon, a dedicated, smaller user group will take over this task. Your community will be able to decide who belongs in this group, so this should mean very little change for you. You can find out more and provide feedback at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|the consultation page on Meta]]. If you are involved in maintaining CSS/JS code, or policymaking around adminship requests, please give it a look! Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 9 Juli 2018 10.50 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tgr@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=18158890 --> == Technical Advice IRC Meeting == [[File:Technical Advice IRC Meeting Logoat.svg|right|200px]] We'd like to invite you to the weekly [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|Technical Advice IRC meeting]]. The Technical Advice IRC Meeting (''TAIM'') is a weekly support event for volunteer developers. Every Wednesday, two full-time developers are available to help you with all your questions about Mediawiki, gadgets, tools and more! This can be anything from "how to get started" and "who would be the best contact for X" to specific questions on your project. The Technical Advice IRC meeting is '''every Wednesday 3-4 pm UTC''' as well as on '''every first Wednesday of the month 11-12 pm UTC'''. If you already know what you would like to discuss or ask, please add your topic to the next meeting: [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|Technical Advice IRC meeting]] Cheers, -- [[User:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|talk]]) 14:27, 30 July 2018 (UTC) == Enabling a helpful feature for Template editors == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello. The team working on TemplateStyles at the Wikimedia Foundation would like to enable TemplateStyles on this wiki. TemplateStyles is a feature to allow non-administrators to write and manage CSS styles for templates. It allows contributors who edit templates to separate content and presentation. A good web practice that makes it easier to manage the layout of templates. If you don't edit templates, this will not have any impact on your contributions. TemplateStyles is useful for a few reasons. * It makes it possible for templates to work better on mobile. * It cuts out confusion on where to apply CSS rules. * Editing CSS is currently limited to administrators, which is a major barrier to participation. * All stylesheets must be loaded on all pages (whether they actually use the page or not), which wastes bandwidth and makes debugging style rules more difficult. You can [[mw:Help:TemplateStyles|learn more about TemplateStyles on MediaWiki.org]]. [[mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|Technical documentation is also available]]. This is an optional feature and no one must use it, but template contributors are encouraged to do so! Please discuss and let us know if there are any concerns. If there are no concerns we will proceed to deploy the feature on the 9th of August. Thank you. </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 6 Agustus 2018 21.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18277775 --> == Wikidata Bridge: edit Wikidata’s data from Wikipedia infoboxes == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for writing this message in English - feel free to help us translating it :)'' Hello all, Many language versions of Wikipedia use the content of [[Wikidata]], the centralized knowledge base, to fill out the content of infoboxes. The data is stored in Wikidata and displayed, partially or completely, in the Wikipedia’s language, on the articles. This feature is used by many template editors, but brought several issues that were raised by communities in various places: not being able to edit the data directly from Wikipedia was one of them. This is the reason why the '''[[mw:Wikidata Bridge|Wikidata Bridge]]''' project started, with the goal of offering a way to Wikipedia editors to edit Wikidata’s data more easily. This will be achieved by an interface, connected to the infobox, that users can access directly from their local wiki. The project is now at an early stage of development. A lot of [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Research|user research]] has been done, and will continue to be done through the different phases of the project. The next steps of [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Development|development]] will be achieved by the development team working at Wikimedia Deutschland, starting now until the end of 2019. In order to make sure that we’re building a tool that is answering editors’ needs, we’re using agile methods in our development process. We don’t start with a fixed idea of the tool we want to deliver: we will build it together with the editors, based on feedback loops that we will regularly organize. The first version will not necessarily have all of the features you want, but it will keep evolving. Here’s the planned timeline: * From June to August, we will build the setup and technical groundwork. * From September to November 2019, we will develop the first version of the feature and publish a test system so you can try it and give feedback. * Later on, we will test the feature on a few projects, in collaboration with the communities. ** We will first focus on early adopters communities who already implemented a shortcut from their infoboxes to edit Wikidata (for example Russian, Catalan, Basque Wikipedias) ** but we also welcome also communities who [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Get_involved|volunteer to be part of the first test round]]. ** Then we will reach some of the big Wikipedias (French, German, English) in order to see if the project scales and to address their potentially different needs. ** Even later, we can consider enabling the feature on all the other projects. In any case, no deployment or big change will be enforced on the projects without talking to the communities first, and helping the template builders to prepare for the changes they will have to do on the infoboxes’ code. If you want to get involved, there are several ways to help: * Read and help translating [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge|the documentation pages]] * Follow the [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Updates|updates]] and participate in [[mw:Topic:V1x2lxtu8rgi954a|the first feedback loop]] * Talk about it with your local community More ideas will be added [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Get_involved|on this page]] along the way If you have any questions for the development team, feel free to ask them [[mw:Talk:Wikidata_Bridge|on the main talk page]]. You can also ask under this message, but if you expect an answer from me, please make sure to ping me. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 24 Juni 2019 13.03 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=19168539 --> == Wikipédia basa Sunda atawa Wikipédia Sunda? == Aya kamandang yén ngaran '''Wikipédia basa Sunda''' diganti jadi '''Wikipédia Sunda''' sangkan leuwih ringkes, sarta Wikipédia basa séjén saperti basa Jawa jeung basa Minangkabau ogé geus ngaganti ngaranna jadi Wikipédia Jawa jeung Wikipédia Minangkabau. Salian ti éta, dileungitkeunna kecap "basa" ogé sangkan ieu wikipédia bisa ngawengku réa hal, utamana ngeunaan Sunda, saperti budaya Sunda, jeung sajabana. Kumaha kamandang sadérék ngeunaan hal ieu? --[[Pamaké:A2613|A2613]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:A2613|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 02.56 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} Satuju dirobah jadi Wikipédia Sunda [[Pamaké:Harditaher|Harditaher]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Harditaher|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 03.12 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} Haméh teu panyang teuing.--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font color="#">yusup_ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 12 Juli 2019 04.05 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} [[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 04.15 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} [[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|ilhamkang]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|sawala]]) 2 Séptémber 2019 04.13 (UTC) == Google Code-In will soon take place again! Mentor tasks to help new contributors! == Hi everybody! Google Code-in (GCI) will soon take place again - a seven week long contest for 13-17 year old students to contribute to free software projects. Tasks should take an experienced contributor about two or three hours and can be of the categories Code, Documentation/Training, Outreach/Research, Quality Assurance, and User Interface/Design. Do you have any Lua, template, gadget/script or similar task that would benefit your wiki? Or maybe some of your tools need better documentation? If so, and you can imagine enjoying mentoring such a task to help a new contributor, please check out [[:mw:Google Code-in/2019]] and become a mentor. If you have any questions, feel free to ask at [[:mw:Talk:Google Code-in/2019|our talk page]]. Many thanks in advance! --[[User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] 5 Nopémber 2019 07.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Martin Urbanec@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=19202271 --> == ‎Improving the translation support for the Sundanese Wikipedia == Hi! [[:mw:Content translation|Content translation]] has been successful in supporting the translation process on many Wikipedia communities, and we want to help additional wikis with potential to grow using translation as part of [[:mw:Content translation/Boost|a new initiative]]. Content translation facilitates the creation of Wikipedia articles by translating content from other languages. It has been used already to create more than half a million articles. In addition, the tool provides [[:mw:Help:Content translation/Translating/Translation quality|mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content]], preventing the publication of lightly edited machine translations. In general, our analysis shows that the translations produced are [[:mw:Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison|less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch]]. Sundanese Wikipedia editors have used Content translation to create [[Special:CXStats|more than three hundred articles]]. Given the size of the editing community, we think that there is potential to use translation to create more articles, expand existing ones, and attract new editors that learn how to make productive edits. Translation can help the community to reduce the language gap with other languages and grow the number of editors in a sustainable way. In order to achieve this goal, we want to collaborate with you to make Content translation more visible in the Sundanese Wikipedia and support new ways to translate. As a first step, during the next weeks we plan to enable Content translation by default on the Sundanese Wikipedia. That will make it easy for users to discover the tool [[:mw:Help:Content_translation/Starting|through several entry points]]. However, users not interested in translation will still be able to disable it from their preferences. Please feel free to share any comment in this conversation thread. Thanks! --[[Pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|sawala]]) 3 Agustus 2020 12.45 (UTC) :Hello everyone. We have enabled [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content translation]] by default on the Sundanese Wikipedia. :Now it is easy for users to discover the tool [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Starting through several entry points]. However, users not interested in translation can disable it [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|from their preferences]]. :We expect this will help translators to create more content of good quality in Sundanese. We’ll be monitoring [[Special:ContentTranslationStats|the statistics for Sundanese]] as well as [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges?hidepageedits=1&hidecategorization=1&hideWikibase=1&hidelog=1&namespace=0&tagfilter=contenttranslation&limit=500&days=30&urlversion=2 the list of articles created] with the tool. Content translation provides [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality quality control mechanisms] to prevent the abuse of machine translation and the limits can be adjusted based on the needs of each community. Please, feel free to share your impressions about the content created and how the tool works for the community. This feedback is essential to improve the tool to better support your needs. :Thanks! --[[Pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|sawala]]) 11 Agustus 2020 12.00 (UTC) == Technical maintenance planed‬ == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''A maintenance operation will be performed tomorrow morning UTC time (Wednesday 17th at 07:00 AM UTC).''' It will impact all wikis and is supposed to last up to one minute. During this time, new translations may fail, and Notifications may not be delivered. For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T273762|on Phabricator]]. A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation. Thank you, [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 16 Pébruari 2021 17.45 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=21037579 --> == Coolest Tool Award 2021: Call for nominations == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Coolest Tool Award 2021 square_logo.svg|thumb|193x193px]] The third edition of the [[m:Coolest Tool Award]] is looking for nominations! Tools play an essential role for the Wikimedia projects, and so do the many volunteer developers who experiment with new ideas and develop and maintain local and global solutions to support the Wikimedia communities. The Coolest Tool Award aims to recognize and celebrate the coolest tools in a variety of categories. The awarded projects will be announced and showcased in a virtual ceremony in December. Deadline to submit nominations is October 27. More information: [[m:Coolest Tool Award]]. Thanks for your recommendations! -- [[User:SSethi (WMF)|SSethi (WMF)]] for the [[m:Coolest Tool Award#Coolest Tool Award 2021|2021 Coolest Tool Academy team]] 19 Oktober 2021 05.57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22003007 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2022 is coming. Help us! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] starts in less than two weeks ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220110T1800 Monday 10 January 2022, 18:00 UTC]). We, the team organizing the Survey, need your help. {| width=80% style="text-align:center; margin:auto;" class=plainlinks |- valign=top |width=50%| '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=agg-Community_Wishlist_Survey&action=page&filter= <span class="mw-ui-button">Translate important messages</span>]''' | [[Community Wishlist Survey/Help us|<span class="mw-ui-button>Promote the Survey</span>]] Among anyone and everyone you know who has an account on wiki. Promote the Survey on social media, via instant messaging apps, in other groups and chats, in your WikiProject, Wikimedia affiliate - wherever contributors with registered accounts may be. |} '''Only you can make the difference''' How many people will hear and read about the Survey in their language? How many will decide to participate? Will there be enough of you to vote for a change you would like to see? It all depends on you, volunteers. '''Why are we asking?''' * [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/FAQ|We have improved the documentation]]. It's friendlier and easier to use. This will mean little if it's only in English. * Thousands of volunteers haven't participated in the Survey yet. We'd like to improve that, too. Three years ago, 1387 people participated. Last year, there were 1773 of them. We hope that in the upcoming edition, there will be even more. You are better than us in contacting Wikimedians outside of wikis. We have prepared some images to share. More to come. '''What is the Community Wishlist Survey?''' [[File:Community Wishlist Survey banner - translatable.svg|350px|thumb]] It's an annual survey that allows contributors to the Wikimedia projects to propose and vote for tools and platform improvements. Long years of experience in editing or technical skills are not required. Thanks, and be safe and successful in 2022! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 29 Désémber 2021 03.15 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22319964 --> == Save the Date: Coolest Tool Award 2021: this Friday, 17:00 UTC == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <languages /> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2021 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1642179615 Friday 14 January 2022, 17:00 UTC]. This award is highlighting software tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects. The ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to our tool developers and maybe discover new tools! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Read more about the livestream and the discussion channels.]] Thanks for joining! [[m:User:AKlapper (WMF)|andre]] ([[m:User talk:AKlapper (WMF)|talk]]) -08:02, 6 January 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22528634 --> == Last two days for submitting proposals == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]] '''Tomorrow is the last day''' for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|submitting proposals for the Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]. Also, everyone is welcome to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Help us|translate, promote]], and discuss proposals. [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 22 Januari 2022 14.45 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == Rollout of the new audio and video player == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Hello, Over the next months we will gradually change the audio and video player of Wikis from Kultura to Video.js and with that, the old player won’t be accessible anymore. The new player has been active as a beta feature since May 2017. The new player has many advantages, including better design, consistent look with the rest of our interface, better compatibility with browsers, ability to work on mobile which means our multimedia will be properly accessible on iPhone, better accessibility and many more. The old player has been unmaintained for eight years now and is home-brewn (unlike the new player which is a widely used open source project) and uses deprecated and abandoned frameworks such as jQuery UI. Removing the old player’s code also improves performance of the Wikis for anyone visiting any page (by significantly reducing complexity of the dependency graph of our ResourceLoader modules. See [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/175/wikipedia_s_javascript_initialisation_on_a_budget/ this blog post.]). The old player has many open bugs that we will be able to close as resolved after this migration. The new player will solve a lot of old and outstanding issues but also it will have its own bugs. All important ones have been fixed but there will be some small ones to tackle in the future and after the rollout. What we are asking now is to turn on the beta feature for the new player and let us know about any issues. You can track the work in [[phab:T100106|T100106]] Thank you, [[User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] 17 Pébruari 2022 17.59 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Ladsgroup@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coolest Tool Award 2022: Call for nominations</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/> The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]] welcomes your nominations! What is your favorite Wikimedia related software tool? Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|submit your favorite tools]] by October 12, 2022! The awarded projects will be announced and showcased in a virtual ceremony in December. <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Oktober 2022 18.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Join the Coolest Tool Award 2022: Friday, Dec 16th, 17:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/> The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210028 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! This award is highlighting software tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects. The ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to our tool developers and maybe discover new tools! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Read more about the livestream and the discussion channels.]] Thanks for joining! -[[m:User:SSapaty (WMF)|Komla]] <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Désémber 2022 18.53 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24059435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Graph extension disabled</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" />Yesterday the [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|Wikimedia Foundation noted]] that in the interests of the security of our users, the [[mw:Extension:Graph|Graph extension]] was disabled. This means that pages that were formerly displaying graphs will now display a small blank area. To help readers understand this situation, communities can now define a brief message that can be displayed to readers in place of each graph until this is resolved. That message can be defined on each wiki at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Graph-disabled]]</bdi>. Wikimedia Foundation staff are looking at options available and expected timelines. For updates, follow the public Phabricator task for this issue: [[phab:T334940|T334940]]<section end="message" /> </div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 19 April 2023 17.36 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24483197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Automatic citations based on ISBN are broken</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" /> Apologies if this message does not reach you in your favorite language. [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)/ISBN|You can help translate it centrally at Meta]]. Thanks for your help. We have recently become unable to access the WorldCat API which provided the ability to generate citations using ISBN numbers. The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Editing_team|Editing team]] is investigating several options to restore the functionality, but will need to disable ISBN citation generation for now. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts, such as the autofill button on [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar|refToolbar]]. Please note that all the other automatic ways of generating citations, including via URL or DOI, are still available. You can keep updated on the situation [[phab:T336298|via Phabricator]], or by reading the next issues of [[m:Tech News]]. If you know of any users or groups who rely heavily on this feature (for instance, someone who has an upcoming editathon), I'd appreciate it if you shared this update with them. [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], on behalf of the Editing team.<section end="message" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 11 Méi 2023 19.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=25009633 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Temporary accounts for unregistered editors</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="body" /> ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/Updates/2023-09|Baca ini dalam bahasa Anda]] • <span class=plainlinks>[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-IP+Editing%3A+Privacy+Enhancement+and+Abuse+Mitigation%2FUpdates%2F2023-09&language=&action=page&filter= {{Int:please-translate}}]</span> • Sampaikan perubahan ini ke pengguna lain'' [[File:MediaWiki Temporary accounts page history mockup 2023-09 en.gif|alt=Pengujian halaman riwayat yang menampilkan gaya nama pengguna lama dan baru. Alamat IP 172.0.0.1 berubah menjadi akun sementara ~2024-23126-086, dengan ikon untuk membuka alamat IP asalnya|thumb|400px|Tahun depan, editor yang tidak teregistrasi akan mulai menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary_accounts|akun sementara]]]] Pada tahun 2024, penyunting yang belum [[Special:CreateAccount|mendaftarkan akun]] secara otomatis akan mulai menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary_accounts|akun sementara]]. Penyunting ini kadang disebut "Penyunting IP" karena [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/Glossary_of_key_terms#ip-address|alamat IP]]nya tampil dalam riwayat halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Tim Produk Kepercayaan dan Keamanan]] memberikan presentasi di Wikimania tentang perubahan ini. Anda dapat [https://www.youtube.com/live/3ygRnVXTAPM?si=lAkJEcvgPl1sV6JO&t=22290 menontonnya di YouTube]. Terdapat informasi lebih lanjut di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|m:IP Penyuntingan: Peningkatan Privasi dan Mitigasi Penyalahgunaan]]<section end="body" /> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]])</span> 30 Séptémber 2023 02.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636618 --> == Nulis artikel maké aksara Sunda == Di Wikipédia Sunda teu acan aya aturan ngeunaan kumaha nulis artikel maké aksara Sunda. Hal ieu diidinan atawa henteuna ? Lamun numutkeun sim kuring, upami aya nu nyerat artikel dina aksara Sunda kedah aya ogé artikel nu pakait dina aksara latinna. Ngan hanjakalna tugasna kedah 2x, janten rada ngarepotkeun ogè. Dimana artikel dina aksara latin waé teu acan kagarap sadayana. Kumaha kinten-kinten numutkeun anjeun sadaya ? @[[Pamaké:Kumincir|Kumincir]], @[[Pamaké:A2613|A2613]], @[[Pamaké:Mssetiadi|Mssetiadi]], @[[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|Ilham.nurwansah]], @[[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] Diskusi ieu kabuka ogé kanggo sadaya pamakè aktip Wikipédia Sunda. @[[Pamaké:Dinototosugiarto|Dinototosugiarto]], @[[Pamaké:Hayati Mayang Arum|Hayati Mayang Arum]], jrrd. [[Pamaké:Ariandi Lie|Ariandi Lie]] <sup>[[Obrolan pamaké:Ariandi Lie|ngobrol didieu]]</sup> 6 Juli 2024 12.32 (UTC) :{{Komentar}} abdi méndakan pérkawis anu hampir sarua di [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sawala_(basa)#Pamak%C3%A9an%20Aksara%20Sunda%20di%20Wikip%C3%A9dia%20Sunda diyeu] , kurang leuwih acan aya kawijakan nu ngatur perkawis iyeu. Mungkin éngkin tiasa di riungkeun babareungan deui kahareupna mah. Hatur nuhun <span style="border:3px outset;border-radius:9pt 0;padding:1px 7px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom right, blue,#00FF7F)">[[User:Zulf|<span style="color:#fff;font:1em Lucida Sans">🍃Zulf🍃</span>]]</span><sup>[[User talk:Zulf|''talk'']]</sup> 8 Juli 2024 10.36 (UTC) :Kedahna mah lamun ceuk urang heunteu nulis manual. Aturanna mah tiasa wéh artikel dialihaksarakeun maké bot atawa skrip kitu. Jadina urang nulis heula dina Latin engké dialihaksarakeun otomatis jadi aya ogé anu aksara Sundana. [[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:RXerself|sawala]]) 9 Juli 2024 05.50 (UTC) ::@[[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] Jadi aya dua kaca kitunya? aya tombol aksarana, abdi rada ngadukung ogé lamun kitumah.{{Thumb up}}<span style="border:3px outset;border-radius:9pt 0;padding:1px 7px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom right, blue,#00FF7F)">[[User:Zulf|<span style="color:#fff;font:1em Lucida Sans">🍃Zulf🍃</span>]]</span><sup>[[User talk:Zulf|''talk'']]</sup> 9 Juli 2024 07.28 (UTC) ::Masalahna artikel dina aksara Sunda dipénta keur dipupus siga [[Husus:Diff/672039|kasus ieu]]. Nu menta pamupusan nyaéta anggota SWMT (Small Wiki Monitoring Team) WMF. Taah kumaha kinten-kinten lamun kieu ? [[Pamaké:Ariandi Lie|Ariandi Lie]] <sup>[[Obrolan pamaké:Ariandi Lie|ngobrol didieu]]</sup> 23 Juli 2024 12.16 (UTC) == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita Unggulan''' * Penatalayan kini dapat [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|memblokir akun secara global]]. Sebelum [[phab:T17294|perubahan]], hanya alamat IP dan rentang IP yang dapat diblokir secara global. Memblokir akun secara global berguna ketika pengguna yang diblokir seharusnya tidak keluar log. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Penguncian global]] (semacam mekanisme serupa yang pengguna harus keluar log dari akun mereka) tidak terpengaruh oleh perubahan ini. Fitur pemblokiran akun global yang baru ini berhubungan dengan proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]], yakni jenis akun pengguna baru yang menggantikan alamat IP editor yang tidak terdaftar dan tidak lagi terbuka. * Akhir pekan ini, pengguna situs Wikimedia akan melihat bahwa antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (juga dikenal sebagai "Perubahan Tertunda") telah diperbaiki dan selaras dengan antarmuka MediaWiki lainnya dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|sistem desain Wikimedia]]. Pengalaman antarmuka FlaggedRevs di ponsel dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|kulit Minerva]] sebelumnya tidak konsisten sehingga perlu diperbaiki dan dipindahkan ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] oleh tim Growth WMF dan beberapa sukarelawan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Pengguna situs Wikimedia sekarang dapat mengirimkan permintaan penghilangan akun melalui [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. Fitur ini berguna ketika seorang kontributor ingin berhenti menyunting selamanya. Fitur ini akan membantu Anda menyembunyikan keterkaitan dan penyuntingan Anda di masa lalu untuk melindungi privasi Anda. Setelah diproses, akun tersebut akan dikunci dan diganti namanya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Apakah Anda sudah mencoba memantau dan mengatasi vandalisme di Wikipedia menggunakan ponsel Anda? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ Sebuah artikel blog Diff tentang fitur Patroli di Aplikasi Seluler] menyoroti beberapa kemampuan baru dalam fitur tersebut, termasuk menggeser umpan perubahan terbaru dan perpustakaan pribadi pesan pembicaraan pengguna untuk digunakan saat berpatroli dari ponsel Anda. * Kontributor Wikimedia dan lembaga GLAM (galeri, perpustakaan, arsip, dan museum) sekarang dapat mempelajari dan mengukur dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh Wikimedia Commons dalam menciptakan konten ensiklopedis yang berkualitas dengan menggunakan dasbor analisis [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics]. Dasbor ini menawarkan analisis kepada lembaga-lembaga mengenai hal-hal seperti penyuntingan bulanan dalam sebuah kategori, berkas yang paling banyak dilihat, dan artikel Wikimedia mana yang menggunakan gambar-gambar Commons. Sebagai hasil dari timbunan data baru ini, lembaga GLAM dapat mengukur keuntungan investasi mereka dengan lebih andal untuk program-program yang membawa konten ke dalam Commons digital. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Berita Terbaru Proyek''' * Bagikan ide Anda guna menyempurnakan wiki melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] yang baru saja dibuka kembali. Daftar Harapan Komunitas adalah forum Wikimedia bagi para sukarelawan untuk berbagi ide (yang disebut sebagai harapan) untuk menyempurnakan kinerja wiki. Versi baru dari daftar harapan selalu terbuka, dapat digunakan dengan teks wiki dan Visual Editor, dan menerima harapan dalam bahasa apa pun. '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Anda pernah membayangkan bagaimana perangkat lunak Wikimedia bekerja dalam lebih dari 300 bahasa? Jumlah ini adalah 253 bahasa lebih banyak daripada antarmuka Google Chrome, dan ini bukan suatu kebetulan. Tim Pelokalan Bahasa dan Produk di Wikimedia Foundation mendukung upaya Anda dengan mengadaptasi semua perkakas dan antarmuka yang Anda gunakan ke bahasa Anda dan bahasa lain. Baca lebih lanjut mengenai tim ini dan pekerjaan mereka yang akan datang di [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff].</span> * Bagaimana Wikimedia dapat membangun produk yang inovatif dan bereksperimen sambil mempertahankan situs web yang banyak digunakan? Sebuah [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ artikel blog] baru-baru ini yang ditulis oleh staf WMF, Johan Jönsson, menyoroti pekerjaan inisiatif [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|Pemirsa Masa Depan WMF]], dengan tujuan bukan untuk membuat produk yang sudah jadi, melainkan untuk menguji ide-ide baru, seperti [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|pengaya ChatGPT]] dan [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], untuk membantu membawa Wikimedia ke masa depan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' Anda juga dapat menerima berita lain dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juli 2024 00.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juli 2024 23.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dua fungsi pengurai baru akan diluncurkan pada pekan ini: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> dan <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. Keduanya akan mengurangi kebutuhan untuk <code>Template:Dir</code> dan <code>Template:BCP47</code> di Commons dan memungkinkan kami untuk [[phab:T343131|membuang 100 juta baris]] dari basis data "apa yang terhubung di sini". Para penyunting di wiki manapun yang menggunakan templat ini dapat membantu dengan mengganti templatnya dengan fungsi-fungsi baru ini. Templat-templat di Commons akan diperbarui selama Hackathon di Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Komunitas dapat meminta aktivasi penyunting visual di seluruh ruang nama tempat diskusi kadang-kadang terjadi (misalnya ruang nama ''Wikipedia:'' atau ''Wikisource:'') jika mereka sudah mengerti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|batasan-batasan yang ada]]. Untuk berdiskusi, para pengguna sudah dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] di ruang nama ini. * Kategori pelacakan " Pages using Timeline" telah diberi nama baru menjadi "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" di [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 TranslateWiki]. Wikipedia yang telah menggunakan kategori ini secara lokal harus mengganti nama kategori lokal mereka agar sesuai. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Para penyunting yang membantu menyelenggarakan WikiProjects dan kolaborasi di dalam wiki yang sama, diundang untuk berbagi ide dan contoh-contoh kerja sama yang berhasil dengan tim Campaigns and Programs. Anda dapat mengisi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|angket singkat]] atau membagikan gagasan Anda di [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|halaman pembicaraan]]. Secara khusus, tim tersebut mencari informasi mengenai kolaborasi yang berhasil pada wiki berbahasa selain bahasa Inggris. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengurai baru sedang diluncurkan di wiki {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} selama beberapa bulan ke depan. Wiki {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} dan {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} [[phab:T365367|telah beralih]] ke Parsoid pada pekan lalu. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * Terdapat lebih dari 200 sesi di Wikimania pada pekan ini. Berikut ini adalah rangkuman dari beberapa [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|sesi utama yang berkaitan dengan area produk dan teknologi]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]] terbaru telah terbit. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Nawala Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya termasuk: Pratinjau desain baru untuk halaman-halaman yang dapat diterjemahkan; Pembaruan tentang MinT untuk Para Pembaca Wiki; penerbitan tumpukan terjemahan; dan lain-lain. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|Nawala Wawasan Produk MediaWiki]] bulanan terbaru telah terbit. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Agustus 2024 20.42 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Para penyunting dan pengelola [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] kini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|memperlihatkan CAPTCHA jika sebuah penyaring cocok dengan sebuah suntingan]]. Hal ini memudahkan komunitas untuk menanggapi spam yang dilakukan oleh bot otomatis dengan segera. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Para penatalayan]] sekarang dapat menentukan apakah pemblokiran global sebaiknya mencegah pembuatan akun. Sebelum [[phab:T17273|perubahan ini]] dilakukan oleh Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]], semua pemblokiran global akan menghalangi pembuatan akun. Hal ini akan memudahkan penatalayan mengatasi efek samping yang tidak diinginkan dari pemblokiran global pada alamat IP. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominasi sedang dibuka di Wikitech]] kepada anggota baru untuk melengkapi [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|komite standar Toolforge]]. Komite ini bertugas untuk mengawasi kebijakan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork]] dan kebijakan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool]] di antara tugas-tugas lainnya. Nominasi akan dibuka hingga paling lambat 26 Agustus 2024. * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam bahasa [[d:Q2880037|Bajau Pantai Barat]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Agustus 2024 23.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == Badé sumping: Fitur sub-rujukan énggal - cobian! == <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]].</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Please help us spread the message.</span> --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Para penyunting yang ingin menggunakan ulang referensi tetapi dengan informasi yang berbeda, seperti nomor halaman, mereka dapat melakukannya pada akhir tahun 2024, dengan menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-rujukan]] yang baru. Anda dapat membaca lebih lanjut tentang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|proyek ini]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|cara menguji purwarupanya]]. * Para penyunting yang memakai kategori pelacakan untuk mengenali halaman mana yang menggunakan ekstensi tertentu mungkin menyadari bahwa enam dari kategori tersebut telah diganti namanya agar lebih mudah dipahami dan dibuat konsisten. Kategori-kategori ini secara otomatis ditambahkan ke halaman yang menggunakan ekstensi MediaWiki khusus. Nama-nama yang terpengaruh adalah untuk: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Setiap wiki yang telah membuat kategori secara lokal harus mengganti nama ciptaan lokalnya supaya sesuai. Terima kasih kepada Pppery untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Sukarelawan teknis yang menyunting modul dan ingin mendapatkan daftar kategori yang digunakan di sebuah halaman, kini dapat melakukannya dengan menggunakan atribut <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> dari <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. Cara ini memudahkan wiki untuk mengatur alur kerja seperti pemberitahuan penyuntingan khusus kategori. Terima kasih kepada SD001 untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Status kekutu''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dukungan Anda akan membantu untuk memeriksa apakah terdapat halaman yang perlu dipindahkan atau dihapus. Sebuah skrip pemeliharaan telah dijalankan untuk membersihkan halaman-halaman yang tidak dapat dijangkau (karena kendala Unicode atau adanya nama ruang/nama alias baru). Skrip tersebut mencari kesesuaian nama halaman (misalnya dengan mengikuti perubahan Unicode atau dengan memindahkan halaman yang judulnya di Wikipedia dimulai dengan <code>Talk:WP:</code> agar judulnya dimulai dengan <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), tetapi hal tersebut mungkin mengalami kebuntuan pada beberapa halaman, dan sebagai gantinya dipindahkan ke <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi>. Komunitas Anda sebaiknya memeriksa apakah ada halaman yang tercantum di sana, dan segera pindahkan ke judul yang benar, atau hapus jika sudah tidak diperlukan lagi. Sebuah log utuh (termasuk halaman-halaman yang nama-namanya dapat ditemukan) tersedia di [[phab:P67388]]. * Para penyunting yang menjadi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|pembimbing]] bagi para pendatang baru di wiki mereka kini dapat mengakses daftar calon peserta bimbingan yang dapat dihubungi untuk memberikan petunjuk dan bimbingan. Fungsionalitas ini telah dipulihkan berkat [[phab:T372164|perbaikan sebuah kekutu]]. Terima kasih kepada Mbch331 yang telah mengajukan laporan kekutu. Anda dapat membaca tentang hal tersebut, dan 18 tugas lain yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Batas waktu pendaftaran untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Dewan Penasihat Produk & Teknologi]] (PTAC) telah diperpanjang hingga 16 September. Para anggota akan membantu dalam memberikan saran kepada pimpinan Product and Technology Foundation mengenai rencana jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, masalah strategis yang kompleks, serta membantu mendapatkan umpan balik dari para kontributor dan komunitas teknis. Anggota yang terpilih diharapkan meluangkan waktu sekitar lima jam per bulan untuk posisi Dewan ini selama masa percobaan satu tahun. Pertimbangkanlah untuk mendaftar, dan sebarkanlah informasi ini kepada para sukarelawan yang menurut Anda dapat memberikan kontribusi positif kepada komite itu. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2024]] dianugerahkan di Wikimania dalam tujuh kategori. Sebagai contoh, satu penghargaan jatuh kepada ISA Tool, yang digunakan untuk menambahkan data terstruktur kepada berkas-berkas di Commons, yang baru-baru ini disempurnakan pada saat [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Hackathon Wiki Mentor Africa]]. Anda dapat melihat video peragaan setiap perkakas di halaman penghargaannya. Terima kasih kepada para penerima penghargaan tahun ini, dan terima kasih kepada semua pembuat dan pengelola perkakas. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]] terbaru telah diterbitkan, dan memuat beberapa hal penting dari Wikimania, pertemuan komunitas Bahasa yang akan berlangsung, dan berita lain dari gerakan Wikimedia. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 Agustus 2024 00.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Agustus 2024 20.31 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting dan pengembang sukarelawan yang berminat pada visualisasi data kini dapat menguji perangkat lunak baru untuk pembuatan bagan. Versi awal tersedia di beta Commons dan beta Wikipedia. Ini merupakan tonggak penting sebelum membuat bagan tersedia di wiki secara umum. Anda dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|membaca lebih lanjut mengenai perkembangan proyek ini]] dan membantu menguji bagan tersebut. '''Berita unggulan''' * Editor yang menggunakan halaman [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] kini dapat menyaring halaman yang diinginkan untuk tetap berada di sana, seperti bak pasir, kasus uji, dan templat yang selalu disubstitusi. Para penyunting dapat menambahkan kata magis baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] ke halaman templat untuk menyembunyikannya dari daftar. Terima kasih kepada Sophivorus dan DannyS712 untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Para penyunting yang menggunakan perkakas New Topic di halaman diskusi, [[phab:T334163|sekarang akan diingatkan]] untuk menambahkan tajuk bagian, yang akan membantu menurunkan jumlah pengguna baru yang menambah bagian tanpa tajuk. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang hal tersebut, dan {{formatnum:28}} tugas lain yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. * Pada pekan lalu, beberapa perkakas Toolforge sempat mengalami masalah koneksi. Penyebabnya masih diselidiki, tetapi permasalahan tersebut telah teratasi untuk saat ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Para pengurus terjemahan di wiki multibahasa kini dapat dengan mudah menandai perubahan mana yang memerlukan pemutakhiran terjemahan ketika menyunting beberapa unit terjemahan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan [[phab:T298852#10087288|menu tarik-turun yang baru]]. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Sebuah naskah rancangan kebijakan baru yang membahas penggunaan API Wikimedia [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|telah diterbitkan di Meta-Wiki]]. Draf naskah tersebut tidak mencerminkan perubahan kebijakan di sekitar API, melainkan sebuah upaya untuk mengkodifikasikan peraturan API yang sudah ada. Komentar, pertanyaan, dan saran dapat disampaikan di [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|halaman pembicaraan usulan pembaruan]] hingga 13 September atau hingga diskusi tersebut selesai. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang teknologi di balik proyek-proyek Wikimedia, Anda sekarang dapat menonton sesi dari jalur teknologi di Wikimania 2024 di Commons. Pada pekan ini, simaklah: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 menit) – tentang proyek Charts yang disebutkan di atas. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 menit) – tentang beberapa perkakas bahasa yang mendukung situs Wikimedia, seperti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Penerjemahan Konten]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Bagian]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], dan LanguageConverter, serta kondisi saat ini dan masa depan penerimaan bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Séptémber 2024 01.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Mulai pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaksis]] standar akan memiliki warna baru yang membuatnya serasi dalam mode gelap. Perubahan ini merupakan perubahan pertama dari banyak peningkatan yang akan dilakukan sebagai bagian dari peningkatan besar pada penyorotan sintaksis. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang perubahan yang akan datang di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|halaman bantuan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Para penyunting wiki yang menggunakan Wikidata sekarang akan diberitahu tentang perubahan-perubahan Wikidata yang relevan dalam daftar pantauan mereka. Alasannya adalah karena fungsi Lua <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> akan menggabungkan logikanya untuk melacak berbagai sisi dari pranala untuk mengurangi pemberitahuan tidak penting dari [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|pelacakan pranala yang tidak konsisten]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Pengguna semua wiki hanya dapat mengakses situs-situs Wikimedia dalam mode hanya-baca selama beberapa menit pada 25 September, mulai pukul 15.00 UTC. Hal ini merupakan peralihan pusat data terencana untuk tujuan pemeliharaan. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diumumkan di Berita Teknis dan juga akan dimuat di setiap wiki dalam beberapa pekan mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Para kontributor dari [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedia]], termasuk bahasa Inggris akan mendapatkan ruang nama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> yang baru di Wikipedia mereka. Pembaruan ini memastikan bahwa pranala yang dimulai dengan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (biasanya pintasan ke [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) tidak rusak oleh Wikipedia [[w:en:Mooré|bahasa Mooré]] (kode bahasa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Séptémber 2024 18.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Séptémber 2024 00.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Kabar minggu ini''' * Pengalihan pusat data Wikimedia rutin yang kedua pada tahun ini akan berlangsung pada 25 September 2024. Hal ini mengakibatkan seluruh wiki menjadi tidak bisa disunting untuk beberapa menit (''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]]''), sekitar [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 pukul 22.00 WIB]. '''Pembaruan untuk kontributor''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|Tampilan fitur alt-text pada aplikasi iOS Wikipedia]] * Aplikasi iOS Wikipedia Bahasa Spanyol, Portugis, Prancis dan Tionghoa kini dilengkapi dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|penambahan alt-text]] pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|gambar]]. Fitur alt-text berfungsi untuk memberikan deskripsi tekstual suatu gambar kepada pengguna dengan disabilitas visual. Anda dapat memberikan masukan dan saran terhadap fitur ini melalui [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|halaman pembicaraan ini]]. * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Palet warna [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/ Codex Design System] kini [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Design_System_Team/Color/Design_documentation#Updates telah diperbarui] untuk mendukung penerapan fitur mode gelap (*dark mode*).</span> * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Potongan kode program di MediaWiki, baik itu yang berada di dalam laman kode modul maupun yang berada di dalam tag <code><syntaxhighlight></code>, kini [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166 dilengkapi] dengan fitur hyperlink ke link eksternal, <code><nowiki>[[wikilink]]</nowiki></code> dan <code><nowiki>{{template link}}</nowiki></code>. ** Fitur ini sudah diaktifkan terlebih dahulu secara lokal di laman kode gadget Wiktionary Bahasa Inggris. Sebagai contoh, lihat kode baris 223 pada [https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-CodeLinks.js laman ini].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Terdapat beberapa perbaikan bug pada fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * Selain itu, {{PLURAL:25|terdapat}} {{formatnum:25}} [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|isu teknis]] lainnya yang berhasil diselesaikan pada minggu kemarin. '''Pembaruan untuk kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] ** <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Enterprise Free API [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ kini dilengkapi] dengan kuota 5000 request on-demand dan akses snapshot API (HTML dump) dua kali tiap bulan.</span> ** <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Enterprise Snapshot API kini dilengkapi dengan fitur [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ Structured Content] versi beta. Sementara itu, dataset Wikipedia Bahasa Inggris dan Prancis dalam format Structured Content kini [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ tersedia] di platform Hugging Face.</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In depth</span>''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai tindak lanjut dari rencana [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split pemisahan butir artikel ilmiah dari database Wikidata], SPARQL endpoint Wikidata kini [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/September_2024_scaling_update dipisah] menjadi dua : [https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ scholarly] dan [https://query-main.wikidata.org/ main]. [https://query.wikidata.org/ SPARQL endpoint Wikidata yang dulu] akan tetap menyediakan akses ke seluruh butir Wikidata (sebelum pemisahan) sampai bulan Maret 2025. Setelah itu, endpoint tersebut akan berubah menjadi endpoint main (tanpa butir artikel ilmiah).</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Séptémber 2024 23.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2024 18.57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pembaca dari [[phab:T375401|42 wiki lain]] sekarang dapat menggunakan Mode Gelap. Apabila opsi ini belum tersedia untuk pengguna yang keluar log, ini kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh banyak templat yang belum ditampilkan dengan baik dalam Mode Gelap. Silakan gunakan [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ perkakas pemeriksa mode gelap] jika Anda tertarik untuk membantu mengurangi permasalahan ini. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|Halaman rekomendasi]] memberi panduan tentang hal ini. Mode Gelap dapat diaktifkan pada wiki lainnya satu kali per bulan. * Para penyunting yang menggunakan editor teks wiki 2010 sebagai penyunting bawaan dapat mengakses fitur-fitur dari penyunting teks wikitext 2017 dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> ke URL. Jika Anda ingin mengaktifkan editor teks wiki 2017 sebagai pengaturan bawaan Anda, opsi ini dapat diatur di [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|preferensi Anda]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * Untuk para pembaca yang sudah keluar log dan menggunakan kulit Vector 2022, pranala "Donasi" telah dipindahkan dari menu yang dapat diciutkan di sebelah area konten menjadi menu bagian atas yang lebih mudah terlihat, di sebelah "Buat akun". Cara ini mengembalikan pranala tersebut ke tingkat kedudukannya seperti pada kulit Vector 2010. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Pelajari lebih lanjut]] tentang perubahan yang terkait dengan pengalaman donor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * Ekstensi CampaignEvents menyediakan sarana bagi para panitia untuk mengelola acara dengan lebih mudah, berkomunikasi dengan para peserta, dan mempromosikan acara mereka di wiki. Ekstensi ini telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|diaktifkan]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Wikipedia bahasa Igbo, Wikipedia bahasa Swahili, dan Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Wikipedia bahasa Mandarin]] sudah memutuskan untuk mengaktifkan ekstensi tersebut, dan diskusi mengenai ekstensi ini sedang berlangsung di [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|Wikipedia bahasa Spanyol]] dan [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|Wikidata]]. Untuk mempelajari cara mengaktifkan ekstensi di wiki Anda, Anda dapat mengunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|halaman CampaignEvents di Meta-Wiki]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:22}} {{PLURAL:22|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para pengembang yang memiliki akun di wiki Wikitech sebaiknya [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|memeriksa apakah ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan]] pada akun mereka. Wiki tersebut sedang mengalami perombakan untuk menggunakan sistem "Single-User-Login" (SUL) dan perubahan konfigurasi lainnya. Pembaruan ini akan membantu mengurangi kerumitan secara keseluruhan dalam pembaruan perangkat lunak mingguan di semua wiki kami. '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Pengalihan peladen]] telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu dengan waktu baca-saja [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|hanya 2 menit 46 detik]]. Proses berkala ini memastikan bahwa para teknisi dapat mengalihkan pusat data dan menjaga agar semua wiki tetap dapat diakses oleh para pembaca, bahkan jika ada masalah teknis yang besar. Hal ini juga memberikan peluang bagi para teknisi untuk melakukan pemeliharaan dan peningkatan pada sistem yang biasanya berjalan 24 jam sehari, dan kerap kali membantu mengungkap kelemahan dalam infrastruktur. Proses ini melibatkan puluhan layanan perangkat lunak dan ratusan peladen perangkat keras, dan membutuhkan beberapa tim yang bekerja secara bersama-sama. Upaya yang dilakukan selama beberapa tahun terakhir ini telah memangkas waktu dari 17 menit menjadi 2–3 menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 4–6 Oktober: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|Hackathon di WikiIndaba Conference]] di Johannesburg, Afrika Selatan * 4–6 November: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] di Wina, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Séptémber 2024 22.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para komunitas kini dapat meminta pemasangan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] di wiki mereka. Automoderator merupakan sebuah alat anti-vandalisme otomatis yang mengembalikan suntingan yang buruk berdasarkan nilai dari model pembelajaran mesin "Revert Risk" yang baru. Anda dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|membaca informasi lebih lanjut mengenai langkah-langkah yang diperlukan]] untuk pemasangannya dan konfigurasinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penerjemah di wiki yang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|menggunakan pengalaman Penerjemahan Konten seluler]] kini dapat menyesuaikan daftar saran artikel mereka dari 41 pilihan pilihan penyaringan saat menggunakan fitur ini. Fitur saran artikel berbasis topik ini memudahkan penerjemah untuk menemukan sendiri artikel yang cocok berdasarkan bidang yang mereka minati dan kemudian menerjemahkannya. Anda dapat [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions segera mencobanya dengan perangkat seluler Anda]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * Lihat {{formatnum:12}} {{PLURAL:12|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Blok kode <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> kini dapat menawarkan tombol "Salin" kepada pembaca jika atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|diatur pada tag]]. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Pesan catatan kaki hak cipta yang dikustomisasi di semua wiki akan dimutakhirkan. Versi baru akan menggunakan markah teks wiki alih-alih menggunakan penyuntingan HTML mentah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pada akhir bulan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] akan diluncurkan pada beberapa wiki percobaan. Daftar lengkap wiki akan dipublikasikan pada paruh kedua bulan ini. Jika Anda mengelola perkakas, bot, atau gawai apa pun [[phab:T376499|di 11 wiki ini]], dan peranti lunak Anda memanfaatkan data alamat IP atau dapat diakses oleh pengguna yang sudah keluar log, harap periksa apakah peranti lunak tersebut perlu diperbarui agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Tersedia panduan tentang cara memperbarui kode itu]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pembatasan kecepatan sudah diaktifkan pada perangkat peninjauan kode [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] dan [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] untuk mengatasi masalah yang sedang berlangsung yang diakibatkan oleh lalu lintas dan aktivitas jahat. Klien yang membuka terlalu banyak koneksi secara bersamaan akan dibatasi selama beberapa menit. Pembatasan kecepatan ini dikendalikan melalui aturan tembok api [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]]. Penjelasan lebih lanjut, lihat halaman Wikitech tentang [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|pembatasan GitLab]], dan [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|operasi Gerrit]]. * Lima wiki baru telah dirilis: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} [[d:Q49224|bahasa Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} [[d:Q36096|bahasa Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} [[d:Q36213|bahasa Madura]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} [[d:Q2501174|bahasa Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} [[d:Q56482|bahasa Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 Oktober 2024 23.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ekstensi Structured Discussion (juga dikenal sebagai Flow) kini mulai dihapus. Ekstensi ini tidak dikelola lagi dan menyebabkan beberapa masalah. Ekstensi ini akan digantikan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], yang digunakan pada halaman pembicaraan biasa. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|Sejumlah wiki dalam kelompok pertama]] sedang dihubungi dan diajak untuk meninggalkan penggunaan Flow, serta memindahkan semua halaman Flow ke subhalaman sebagai arsip. Di wiki-wiki ini, sebuah skrip akan memindahkan semua halaman Flow yang bukan subhalaman ke subhalaman secara otomatis mulai tanggal 22 Oktober 2024. Pada 28 Oktober 2024, semua halaman Flow di wiki tersebut akan disetel dalam mode hanya-baca. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * Tim Search Platform WMF sedang mengerjakan upaya untuk mempermudah pembaca dalam melakukan pencarian teks dalam bahasa mereka. [[phab:T332342|Perubahan yang dilakukan pada pekan lalu]] terhadap 30 bahasa lebih memudahkan pencarian kata-kata dengan aksen dan diakritik lainnya. Hal ini berlaku pada pencarian teks lengkap dan jenis pencarian lanjutan seperti kata kunci <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> dan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi>. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai hal-hal teknis (termasuk beberapa peningkatan pencarian kecil lainnya) telah tersedia. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] telah dipasang di Wikipedia bahasa Rusia, dan perbaikan telah dilakukan untuk beberapa tampilan antarmuka pengguna yang masih kurang. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan perkakas Toolforge [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] sekarang akan diminta untuk masuk dengan akun Wikimedia mereka sebelum menjalankan pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan opsi "mesin pencari". Pembaruan ini diperlukan untuk membantu mencegah bot pihak luar menyalahgunakan sistem ini. Terima kasih kepada Chlod untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * Para pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] dapat membuat tiket dan menambahkan komentar pada tiket yang sudah ada melalui surel. Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|pengiriman surel ke Phabricator]] telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Beberapa elemen HTML dalam antarmuka kini dibungkus dengan elemen <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code>, untuk membuat output HTML kami lebih selaras dengan standar Web. Akan ada lebih banyak perubahan seperti ini dalam beberapa pekan ke depan. Perubahan ini mungkin akan berdampak pada beberapa perkakas yang bergantung pada struktur HTML antarmuka sebelumnya. Harap diperhatikan bahwa ketergantungan pada struktur HTML antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|tidak dianjurkan]] dan dapat mengalami kerusakan sewaktu-waktu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|Nawala MediaWiki Product Insights]] bulanan terbaru telah diterbitkan. Edisi ini memuat: pembaruan pada sistem autentikasi Wikimedia, penelitian untuk menyederhanakan pengembangan fitur pada platform MediaWiki, pembaruan pada Unifikasi Parser dan peluncuran MathML, dan masih banyak lagi. * [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Nawala Technical Community]] triwulan terbaru kini telah diterbitkan. Edisi kali ini memuat: penelitian tentang saran perbaikan topik yang berhubungan dengan negara, perbaikan tes PHPUnit, dan masih banyak lagi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Oktober 2024 21.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Mobile Apps telah merilis sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|pembaruan]] pada navigasi aplikasi iOS, dan kini telah tersedia di versi App Store terbaru. Kami menambahkan menu Profil baru yang memudahkan akses ke fitur-fitur editor seperti Notifikasi dan Daftar Pantauan dari tampilan Artikel, dan menempatkan tombol "Donasi" di tempat yang lebih mudah diakses oleh para pengguna yang sedang membaca artikel. Hal ini merupakan tahap pertama dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|penyegaran navigasi]] yang lebih besar yang direncanakan untuk membantu transisi aplikasi iOS dari aplikasi yang berfokus pada pembaca, menjadi sebuah aplikasi yang mendukung penuh kegiatan membaca dan menyunting. Wikimedia Foundation telah menambahkan beberapa fitur penyuntingan dan dukungan untuk komunikasi di dalam wiki berdasarkan permintaan sukarelawan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|Menu profil dan konten Wikipedia App iOS]] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pembaca Wikipedia sekarang dapat mengunduh ekstensi peramban untuk mencoba beberapa ide awal mengenai fitur tambahan yang dapat merekomendasikan artikel untuk dibaca lebih lanjut, meringkas artikel secara otomatis, dan meningkatkan fungsionalitas pencarian. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk mengikuti perkembangannya, lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|halaman Content Discovery Experiments]] dari tim Web dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|berlangganan nawala mereka]]. * Pada akhir bulan ini, para penyunting yang sudah keluar log dari [[phab:T376499|12 wiki ini]] akan mulai dibuatkan [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]]. Daftar ini mungkin akan sedikit berubah, di mana beberapa wiki akan dikeluarkan dari daftar, tetapi tidak ada wiki baru yang akan ditambahkan. Akun sementara merupakan jenis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|akun pengguna yang baru]]. Fitur ini meningkatkan privasi penyunting yang keluar log dan memudahkan anggota komunitas untuk berkomunikasi dengan mereka. Jika Anda mengelola perkakas, bot, atau gawai apa pun di 12 wiki ini, dan perangkat lunak Anda menggunakan data tentang alamat IP atau dapat diakses oleh pengguna yang keluar, periksa apakah perlu dimutakhirkan agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Panduan tentang cara memperbarui kode sudah tersedia]]. Pelajari lebih lanjut mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|rencana penerapannya di semua wiki]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, Wikipedia bahasa [[w:nr:Main Page|Ndebele Selatan]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]], dan [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * Sekarang Anda dapat membuat fungsi di Wikifunctions dengan menggunakan leksem Wikidata, melalui [[f:Z6005|jenis leksem Wikidata]] baru yang diluncurkan minggu lalu. Ketika Anda membuka salah satu dari fungsi-fungsi ini, antarmuka pengguna akan menyediakan pemilih lema yang membantu Anda memilih lema dari Wikidata yang cocok dengan kata yang Anda ketik. Setelah menekan tombol Run, lema yang Anda pilih akan ditarik dari Wikidata, diubah menjadi tipe lema Wikidata, dan diteruskan ke fungsi yang dipilih. Pelajari lebih lanjut mengenai hal ini di [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|nawala Wikifunctions terbaru]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna situs Wikimedia sekarang dapat memformat tanggal dengan lebih mudah dalam berbagai bahasa dengan fungsi pengurai <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> yang baru. Sebagai contoh, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> akan ditampilkan sebagai "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Sebelumnya, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> dapat digunakan untuk memformat tanggal, tetapi hal ini membutuhkan pemahaman tentang urutan komponen waktu dan tanggal serta tanda baca yang menyertainya. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (atau <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> untuk waktu lokal) menyediakan akses ke format tanggal standar yang digunakan MediaWiki dalam antarmuka penggunanya. Hal ini dapat membantu menyederhanakan beberapa templat di wiki multibahasa seperti Commons dan Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna Commons dan Meta sekarang dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|memperoleh bahasa pengguna]] secara optimal dengan menggunakan <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> alih-alih menggunakan <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] (PTAC) kini memiliki anggota perintis dengan perwakilan di Afrika, Asia, Eropa, Amerika Utara, dan Amerika Selatan. Mereka akan menangani inisiatif [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Dewan Teknologi Strategi Gerakan]] untuk menciptakan platform teknologi gabungan yang lebih tangguh. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Nawala Growth]] triwulanan terbaru telah tersedia. Di dalamnya memuat: modul Pembaruan Komunitas Beranda Pendatang Baru yang akan datang, opsi Konfigurasi Komunitas yang baru, dan informasi mengenai proyek-proyek baru. * Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|kini menjadi mitra resmi dari program CVE]], yang merupakan upaya internasional untuk membuat katalog kerentanan keamanan siber yang telah diungkapkan kepada publik. Kemitraan ini akan memungkinkan Tim Keamanan secara cepat menerbitkan catatan [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|kerentanan dan eksposur umum]] (CVE) yang memengaruhi bagian inti, ekstensi, dan kulit MediaWiki, serta kode lain yang dikelola oleh Foundation. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] sekarang sedang [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|menguji coba terjemahan mesin]] pada konten Daftar Harapan. Para sukarelawan kini dapat membaca versi terjemahan mesin dari daftar keinginan dan ikut berdiskusi bahkan sebelum para penerjemah tiba untuk mengerjakan alih bahasa. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 24 Oktober — Webinar Seri Pembicara Pendidikan Wiki — [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Teknologi Sumber Terbuka: Membangun Dasbor Pendidikan Wiki], dengan menghadirkan pemagang magang Wikimedia dan seorang pengembang Web dalam sebuah panel. * 20–22 Desember 2024 — [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] di Odisha, India. Hackathon untuk anggota komunitas, termasuk pengembang, perancang, dan editor konten, untuk membangun solusi teknis yang meningkatkan pengalaman kontributor. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Oktober 2024 20.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 22 Oktober 2024 11.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pada bulan November nanti, ekstensi Charts akan digunakan pada wiki uji coba untuk mengidentifikasi dan memperbaiki masalah yang ada. Sebuah tinjauan keamanan sedang dilakukan untuk memudahkan penerapan ke wiki percontohan guna pengujian yang lebih luas. Anda dapat membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|perkembangan proyek bulan Oktober]] dan melihat [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts dokumentasi serta contoh-contoh terbaru di Wikipedia Beta]. * Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], sebuah layanan eksternal yang dapat membuat buku dari Wikipedia, kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] untuk menampilkan gambar peta kotak informasi yang telah ditampilkan sebelumnya dalam buku cetak mereka di Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setiap wiki dapat menggunakan [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|ekstensi Guided Tour]] untuk membantu para pemula memahami cara menyunting. Ekstensi Guided Tours kini bekerja dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|mode gelap]]. Pengelola Guided Tour dapat memeriksa tur mereka untuk memastikan tidak ada yang terlihat janggal. Pengelola juga dapat mengatur <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> menjadi <code>true</code> untuk memperbaiki masalah lama. Mereka dapat menggunakan tanda baru <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> untuk menghindari tombol kembali yang tidak diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Para pengurus di proyek-proyek Wikimedia yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|ekstensi Nuke]] akan melihat bahwa penghapusan massal yang dilakukan dengan alat ini memiliki tag "Nuke". Perubahan ini akan membuat proses peninjauan dan analisis penghapusan yang dilakukan dengan fitur ini menjadi lebih mudah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 28 Oktober 2024 20.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penatalayan kini dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|membuat pemblokiran akun global]] menjadi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|pemblokiran otomatis]] secara global. Cara ini akan membantu penatalayan dalam mencegah penyalahgunaan oleh pengguna yang telah diblokir secara global. Tindakan ini termasuk mencegah akun sementara yang diblokir secara global keluar log dari sesi mereka atau berpindah peramban untuk melakukan pengeditan berikutnya selama 24 jam. Sebelumnya, akun sementara dapat keluar log atau mengganti peramban untuk melanjutkan pengeditan. Peningkatan ini merupakan penyempurnaan fitur anti-penyalahgunaan untuk proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]]. Anda dapat membaca lebih lanjut tentang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|perkembangan fitur-fitur kunci dari akun sementara]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Setiap wiki yang telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|menyalakan ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Daftar Kolaborasi]]. Daftar ini merupakan cara baru yang mudah bagi kontributor untuk mempelajari tentang Proyek Wiki di wiki mereka. Terima kasih kepada tim Campaign atas karya mereka yang merupakan bagian dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|rencana tahunan 2024/2025]]. Jika Anda tertarik untuk menghadirkan ekstensi CampaignEvents ke wiki Anda, Anda tinggal [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|mengikuti langkah-langkah berikut]] atau menghubungi User:Udehb-WMF untuk memperoleh bantuan. * Warna teks untuk pranala merah akan mengalami sedikit perubahan pada akhir pekan ini demi menghasilkan kontras yang lebih baik dalam mode terang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pada wiki multibahasa, para pengguna [[phab:T216368|kini dapat]] menyembunyikan terjemahan dari halaman istimewa WhatLinksHere. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|Data buangan]] XML telah ditangguhkan untuk sementara waktu sembari menunggu hasil investigasi sebuah kekutu. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Saat ini, Akun Sementara telah diterapkan pada enam wiki. Berkat tim Trust and Safety Product atas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|usaha ini]], Anda dapat membaca tentang [[phab:T340001|rencana penerapannya]]. Terhitung mulai pekan depan, Akun Sementara juga akan diaktifkan di [[phab:T378336|tujuh proyek lainnya]]. Jika Anda aktif di wiki tersebut dan memerlukan bantuan untuk memigrasikan perkakas Anda, hubungi [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] untuk mendapatkan dukungan.</span> * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Nawala Language and Internationalization newsletter]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya mencakup: Bahasa-bahasa baru yang didukung di translatewiki atau di MediaWiki; Metode masukan papan ketik baru untuk sejumlah bahasa; informasi mengenai acara-acara yang sedang berlangsung dan yang akan datang, dan lain-lain. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Gugur 2024]] akan berlangsung di Wina, Austria dan secara daring mulai 4 hingga 6 November 2024. Konferensi ini akan menampilkan diskusi seputar penggunaan perangkat lunak MediaWiki oleh dan di dalam perusahaan di berbagai sektor industri dan akan membangkitkan semangat dan menambah pengguna baru. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Nopémber 2024 20.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di wiki yang memiliki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|ekstensi Translate]] aktif, pengguna akan melihat bahwa FuzzyBot sekarang akan membuat versi terjemahan dari kategori-kategori yang digunakan di halaman yang diterjemahkan secara otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, tugas yang diminta untuk menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|ekstensi SecurePoll]] dalam [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|pemilihan pengurus]] khusus Wikipedia bahasa Inggris telah diselesaikan tepat waktu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pada <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, logika fungsi Wikibase <code>getAllStatements</code> berubah menjadi seperti <code>getBestStatements</code>. Dengan memanggil fungsi tersebut, ia akan mengembalikan suatu salinan nilai yang tidak dapat diubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * Pengguna [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ REST API Wikimedia], seperti pengelola bot dan pemelihara perkakas mungkin akan terpengaruh oleh pembaruan yang tengah berlangsung. API akan mengalihkan beberapa titik akhir muatan halaman dari RESTbase ke titik akhir [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|API REST MediaWiki]] yang terbaru. [[phab:T374683|Titik akhir yang terdampak]] meliputi pengambilan metadata halaman/revisi dan konten HTML yang ditampilkan. Semua perubahan ini akan tersedia di wiki uji coba pada akhir pekan ini, dan akan diikuti oleh proyek-proyek lainnya. Perubahan ini seharusnya tidak berdampak pada fungsionalitas yang sudah ada, tetapi pengguna aktif dari titik akhir yang terpengaruh harus memverifikasi perilaku di test-wiki, dan menyampaikan masalah apa pun di [[phab:T374683|tiket Phabricator]] terkait. '''Lebih lanjut''' * Para pengurus dan pengguna proyek-proyek Wikimedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|tempat Automoderator diaktifkan]] kini dapat memantau dan mengevaluasi metrik-metrik penting yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas Automoderator. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ Dasbor Superset] ini menghitung dan menggabungkan metrik tindakan Automoderator di proyek-proyek yang menggunakannya. Terima kasih kepada tim Moderator Tools untuk Dasbor ini. Anda dapat mengunjungi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|halaman dokumentasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang kerja ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8.00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]) — [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Pertemuan komunitas]] dengan sukarelawan dan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan di Wikimedia Commons untuk membantu menentukan prioritas dukungan untuk Tahun Anggaran 2025–2026. Topik dari pertemuan ini adalah mengenai cara pengaturan konten di Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Nopémber 2024 00.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Nopémber 2024 01.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Versi baru dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaksis]] mode editor standar teks wiki akan dirilis dalam [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|versi beta]] pada akhir pekan ini. Versi ini menghadirkan banyak fitur baru dan perbaikan pada beberapa kekutu, termasuk dukungan terhadap penulisan dari kanan ke kiri, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|pelipatan templat]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan panel pencarian yang lebih baik. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|halaman bantuannya]]. * Editor teks wiki 2010 kini mendukung pintasan papan ketik yang umum digunakan, seperti <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> untuk huruf tebal dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> untuk huruf miring. [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|Daftar lengkap keenam pintasan tersebut]] telah tersedia. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Mulai 28 November, halaman Flow/Structured Discussions akan diarsipkan secara otomatis dan diubah menjadi hanya-baca di wiki berikut ini: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. Tindakan ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|upaya penghentian penggunaan StructuredDiscussions]]. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan untuk mengarsipkan halaman Anda sebelum tanggal tersebut, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, pengguna yang membuat AbuseFilter baru kini hanya dapat mengatur penyaring ke "protected" [[phab:T377765|jika ia menggunakan variabel yang dilindungi]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], yang digunakan di halaman JavaScript, CSS, JSON, dan Lua, [[phab:T377663|kini hadir]] dengan pelengkapan otomatis secara langsung. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk pengembangan ini. Fitur ini dapat dimatikan sementara di suatu halaman dengan menekan tombol <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> dan menghapus centang di "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengelola perkakas yang menggunakan sistem Graphite untuk melacak metrik sebaiknya bermigrasi ke sistem Prometheus yang lebih baru. Pengelola tersebut dapat memeriksa [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 dasbor ini] dan daftar dalam Deskripsi [[phab:T350592|tugas T350592]] untuk memastikan apakah perkakas mereka telah terdaftar, dan harus mengklaim metrik dan dasbor yang terhubung dengan perkakasnya. Selanjutnya, mereka dapat menonaktifkan atau memindahkan semua metrik yang ada dengan mengikuti instruksi dalam halaman tugas itu. Layanan Graphite akan beralih menjadi hanya-baca pada bulan April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|Laporan kinerja pengurai New PreProcessor]] telah dibenahi untuk memberikan hitungan yang akurat terhadap jumlah entitas Wikibase yang diakses. Perhitungan sebelumnya mengalami pengaturan ulang setelah 400 entitas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Pertemuan komunitas Bahasa]] akan berlangsung pada 29 November pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16.00 UTC]. Terdapat presentasi mengenai berbagai topik seperti pengembangan papan ketik bahasa, pembuatan Wikipedia bahasa Mooré, dukungan bahasa di [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], dan laporan dari komunitas Wayuunaiki mengenai proses mereka dengan Inkubator dan sebagai komunitas baru dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Pertemuan ini juga akan disertai dengan penerjemahan dalam bahasa Spanyol. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Nopémber 2024 22.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Dua fungsi pengurai baru telah ditambahkan pada pekan ini. Fungsi <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> menambahkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|pranala antarwiki]] dan fungsi <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> menambahkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|pranala antarbahasa]]. Fungsi-fungsi pengurai ini berguna pada wiki yang memiliki ruang nama yang saling bertentangan dengan awalan antarwiki. Misalnya, pranala yang dimulai dengan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris [[phab:T363538|bertentangan dengan awalan kode bahasa <code>mos</code> di Wikipedia bahasa Mooré]]. * Mulai pekan ini, wiki Wikimedia mulai tidak lagi mendukung koneksi yang menggunakan sertifikat HTTPS berbasis RSA yang lama, terutama rsa-2048. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keamanan bagi semua pengguna. Beberapa peramban lama yang tidak didukung atau perangkat ponsel pintar tidak akan dapat tersambung; mereka hanya akan menampilkan peringatan kesalahan sambungan. Lihat halaman [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations]] untuk informasi lebih lengkap. Semua sistem operasi dan peramban modern senantiasa dapat mengakses proyek-proyek Wikimedia. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Mulai 16 November, halaman Flow/Structured Discussions akan diarsipkan secara otomatis dan diubah menjadi hanya-baca di wiki berikut ini: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. Tindakan ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|upaya penghentian penggunaan StructuredDiscussions]]. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan untuk mengarsipkan halaman Anda sebelum tanggal tersebut, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * Pada bulan ini, ekstensi Chart telah digunakan untuk produksi dan sekarang tersedia di Commons dan Testwiki. Dengan rampungnya tinjauan keamanan, penyebaran wiki percontohan diperkirakan akan dimulai pada pekan pertama bulan Desember. Anda dapat melihat versi yang berfungsi [[testwiki:Charts|di Testwiki]] dan membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|berita terbaru proyek bulan November]] untuk lebih lengkap. * Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, kendala pada sistem "Unduh sebagai PDF" telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada akhir Februari, akun sementara akan digulirkan pada sedikitnya 10 wiki besar. Penerapan ini akan berdampak signifikan pada kode yang dikelola komunitas. Hal ini berkaitan dengan perkakas Toolforge, bot, gawai, dan skrip pengguna yang menggunakan data alamat IP atau yang tersedia untuk pengguna yang keluar. Tim Trust and Safety Product ingin mengetahui kode ini, memantaunya, dan membantu memutakhirkannya sebelum penerapan untuk meminimalkan gangguan pada alur kerja. Tim tersebut meminta para editor teknis dan pengembang sukarelawan untuk membantu mencari perkakas tersebut dengan menambahkannya ke dalam [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|daftar ini]]. Selain itu, pelajari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|dokumentasi yang telah diperbarui]] untuk mempelajari cara menyesuaikan perkakas tersebut. Silakan bergabung dengan diskusi di [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|halaman pembicaraan proyek tersebut]] atau di [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|utas khusus]] di [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia (dalam bahasa Inggris)]] untuk mendapatkan bantuan dan berbagi umpan balik. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Désémber 2024 22.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para kontributor dokumentasi teknis dapat menemukan bahan-bahan terbaru dan cara-cara baru untuk terhubung satu sama lain dan dengan Tim Dokumentasi Teknis Wikimedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|pusat Dokumentasi]] di MediaWiki.org. Halaman ini berisi berbagai pranala ke materi-materi untuk menulis dan memperbaiki dokumentasi, saluran IRC <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> baru di libera.chat, senarai acara dokumentasi yang sudah lewat dan yang akan datang, dan cara-cara untuk meminta konsultasi atau tinjauan dokumentasi. Jika Anda memiliki masukan atau ide untuk perbaikan terhadap ekosistem dokumentasi, silakan [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|hubungi Tim Dokumentasi Teknis]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Perubahan tata letak fitur Edit Check]] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] akan ditempatkan ke bilah sisi di tampilan desktop. Edit Check merupakan fitur bagi para penyunting baru untuk membantu mereka dalam mengikuti kebijakan dan panduan. Perubahan tata letak ini memberikan ruang untuk menampilkan [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|Check baru]] yang muncul ''saat'' mereka mengetik. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|Hasil awal]] menunjukkan bahwa para penyunting baru yang menemukan Edit Check 2,2 kali lebih besar kemungkinannya untuk mempublikasikan suntingan konten baru yang menyertakan referensi dan tanpa mengalami pengembalian. * Ekstensi Chart, yang membantu para penyunting untuk membuat visualisasi data, telah sukses digunakan di MediaWiki.org dan tiga wiki percontohan (Wikipedia bahasa Italia, Swedia, dan Ibrani). Anda dapat melihat contoh kerjanya [[testwiki:Charts|di Testwiki]] dan membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|berita terbaru proyek ini pada bulan November]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Para penerjemah di wiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|yang memiliki pengalaman seluler Penerjemahan Konten]], kini dapat menemukan artikel-artikel di kampanye proyek wiki yang mereka minati dari kategori "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en Semua koleksi]" di fitur saran artikel. Pengelola Kampanye proyek wiki dapat menggunakan fitur ini untuk membantu penerjemah menemukan artikel yang mereka minati, dengan menambahkan tag <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> ke halaman daftar artikel kampanye mereka di Meta-wiki. Cara ini akan membuat artikel-artikel tersebut dapat ditemukan di perkakas Penerjemahan Konten. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai cara menggunakan alat dan tag ini, silakan melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|panduan langkah-langkahnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]], yang memungkinkan para pengurus untuk menghapus halaman secara massal, kini memiliki [[phab:T376379#10310998|penyaring multipilihan untuk memilih ruang nama]]. Hal ini memungkinkan para pengguna untuk memilih beberapa ruang nama tertentu, bukan hanya satu atau semua, ketika menarik beberapa halaman untuk dihapus. * Fitur Nuke sekarang juga [[phab:T364225#10371365|menyediakan pranala]] ke halaman pengguna dari pengguna yang halamannya telah dihapus, dan ke halaman yang tidak dipilih untuk dihapus, setelah penghapusan halaman berada dalam antrean. Hal ini mempermudah tindak lanjut dari pengurus. Terima kasih kepada Chlod dan tim Moderator Tools untuk kedua pengembangan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * Tim Editing sedang bekerja untuk mempermudah pengisian sitasi dari archive.org dengan menggunakan perkakas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]], yakni pembuat sitasi yang dapat diisi secara otomatis. Tim ini meminta komunitas untuk menambahkan dua parameter terlebih dahulu, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> dan <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, di dalam TemplateData untuk setiap templat kutipan yang menggunakan Citoid. Anda dapat melihat [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 contoh perubahan pada sebuah templat], dan [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= daftar semua templat yang terkait]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} dalam bahasa [[d:Q9240|Indonesia]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Pada pekan lalu, semua wiki mengalami masalah dalam menayangkan halaman kepada pengguna yang masuk log dan beberapa pengguna yang keluar log selama 30–45 menit. Hal ini disebabkan oleh persoalan basis data, dan investigasi masih terus dilakukan. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, terdapat masalah pada fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan Tautan]] yang telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, daftar bagian yang dikecualikan dari Tambah Tautan sempat terabaikan dalam kasus tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], sistem desain untuk Wikimedia, kini tersedia dalam [[git:design/codex-php|implementasi tahap awal dalam PHP]]. Sistem ini tersedia untuk penggunaan umum di ekstensi MediaWiki dan aplikasi Toolforge melalui [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], dan akan segera hadir di bagian inti MediaWiki. Keterangan lebih lanjut dapat dilihat [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|di dalam dokumentasinya]]. Terima kasih kepada Doğu atas inspirasi dan sumbangsihnya terhadap perpustakaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * Pengguna [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ API REST Wikimedia], seperti operator bot dan pengelola perkakas, mungkin terdampak oleh peningkatan yang sedang berlangsung. Pada 4 Desember, tim MediaWiki Interfaces mulai mengalihkan metadata halaman/revisi dan menyajikan titik akhir konten HTML di [[testwiki:|Testwiki]] dari RESTbase ke titik akhir API REST MediaWiki yang sepadan. Tim ini mendorong pengguna aktif dari titik akhir ini untuk memastikan perilaku perkakas mereka di Testwiki dan menyampaikan masalah apa pun di [[phab:T374683|tiket Phabricator]] terkait sebelum akhir tahun, karena mereka bermaksud untuk meluncurkan perubahan yang sama di semua proyek Wikimedia pada awal Januari. Semua perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk menggantikan sistem [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] yang sudah ketinggalan zaman. * [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 Survei Kepuasan Pengembang 2024] sedang mencari pandangan dari komunitas pengembang Wikimedia. Mohon ikut serta dalam survei ini jika Anda memiliki andil dalam mengembangkan perangkat lunak di ekosistem Wikimedia. Survei ini dibuka hingga 3 Januari 2025, dan terdapat [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|pernyataan privasi]] tambahan. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru pada pekan ini. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan mendatang dalam rangkaian [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|diskusi Wikimedia Foundation dengan komunitas Wikimedia Commons]] akan berlangsung pada [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|12 Desember pukul 8.00 UTC]] dan [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]. Topik dari pertemuan ini adalah tentang media baru dan kontributor baru. Para kontributor dari semua wiki diundang untuk hadir. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Désémber 2024 22.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Berminat untuk menyempurnakan manajemen acara di wiki utama Anda? [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] menyediakan fitur-fitur untuk penyelenggara seperti manajemen pendaftaran acara, promosi acara/proyek wiki, menemukan kandidat peserta, dan lain-lain, semuanya langsung di wiki. Jika Anda adalah seorang penyelenggara atau berpikir bahwa komunitas Anda akan mendapatkan manfaat dari ekstensi ini, buatlah sebuah diskusi untuk mengaktifkannya di wiki Anda sekarang. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang cara mengaktifkan ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, kunjungi [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|halaman status penerapannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS di Italia dan Meksiko di Wikipedia bahasa Italia, Spanyol, dan Inggris, dapat melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|Year in Review yang telah dipersonalisasi]] dengan pandangan yang didasarkan pada riwayat membaca dan menyunting mereka. * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia Android di Afrika Sub-Sahara dan Asia Selatan dapat melihat fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] yang baru. Fitur ini menyajikan istilah pencarian yang disarankan di bilah Pencarian berdasarkan artikel yang sedang dilihat, dan daftar rekomendasi bacaan yang disusun berdasarkan dua artikel yang terakhir dikunjungi oleh pengguna. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Bot pengingat global]] kini aktif dan berjalan di hampir 800 wiki. Fitur ini akan mengingatkan sebagian besar pengguna yang memiliki hak sementara ketika hak tersebut akan habis masa berlakunya, sehingga mereka dapat memperpanjangnya jika diinginkan. Lihat [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|halaman penjelasan teknis]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Edisi Berita Teknis berikutnya akan dirilis pada 13 Januari 2025 karena libur akhir tahun. Terima kasih kepada semua penerjemah dan semua orang yang telah mengirimkan materi atau umpan balik pada tahun ini. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah telah [[phab:T374988|diperbaiki]] di aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang telah menyebabkan gambar SVG yang dapat diterjemahkan menampilkan bahasa yang salah ketika diketuk. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru pada pekan depan. Peluncuran berikutnya akan dimulai pada 14 Januari. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Désémber 2024 22.23 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Sistem Single User Login tengah diperbarui dalam beberapa bulan ke depan. Ini merupakan sistem yang membuat pengguna dapat mengisi kolom masuk log di satu situs Wikimedia dan masuk ke semua situs lainnya pada waktu yang sama. Sistem ini perlu dimutakhirkan karena peramban web semakin membatasi kuki lintas domain. Untuk mengakomodasi pembatasan ini, halaman masuk log dan pembuatan akun akan pindah ke domain pusat, tetapi akan tetap terlihat oleh pengguna seolah-olah mereka berada di wiki asal. Kode yang telah diperbarui akan diterapkan pada pekan ini bagi para pengguna di wiki uji coba. Perubahan ini rencananya akan diluncurkan ke semua pengguna sepanjang bulan Februari dan Maret. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|halaman proyek SUL3]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan linimasanya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di wiki dengan PageAssessments yang sudah terpasang, Anda sekarang dapat menyaring hasil pencarian berdasarkan halaman-halaman di sebuah WikiProject dengan menggunakan kata kunci <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code>. (Wiki-wiki yang dimaksud: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/id}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * Satu wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q34129|bahasa Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:35}} {{PLURAL:35|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, ada kendala dalam memperbarui jumlah suntingan pengguna setelah melakukan pengembalian suntingan, yang kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna API REST Wikimedia, seperti operator bot dan pengelola perkakas, mungkin akan terpengaruh oleh pemutakhiran yang sedang berlangsung. Mulai pekan 13 Januari, kami akan mulai mengalihkan [[phab:T374683|beberapa titik akhir konten halaman]] dari RESTbase ke titik akhir API REST MediaWiki yang lebih baru untuk seluruh proyek wiki. Perubahan ini tadinya tersedia di testwiki dan seharusnya tidak memengaruhi fungsionalitas yang ada, tetapi pengguna aktif dari titik akhir yang terkena dampak dapat menyampaikan masalah secara langsung kepada [[phab:project/view/6931/|Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki]] di Phabricator jika ada kendala. * Para pengelola perkakas Toolforge kini dapat membagikan umpan balik mereka tentang Toolforge UI, yaitu sebuah inisiatif untuk menyediakan platform web yang memungkinkan pembuatan dan pengelolaan perkakas Toolforge melalui antarmuka berbasis visual, sebagai tambahan dari alur kerja baris perintah yang sudah ada. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk menyederhanakan tugas-tugas pengelola aktif, dan juga membuat proses registrasi dan penyebaran menjadi lebih mudah diakses oleh para pembuat alat baru. Inisiatif ini masih dalam tahap yang sangat awal, dan tim Cloud Services sedang dalam proses mengumpulkan umpan balik dari komunitas Toolforge untuk membantu merancang solusi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Baca lebih lanjut dan bagikan pendapat Anda tentang Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Bagi pengembang perkakas dan pustaka yang menggunakan sistem OAuth: Titik akhir pengenal yang digunakan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] menghasilkan sebuah objek JSON dengan sebuah bilangan bulat pada <code>sub</code> bidangnya, yang mana hal ini tidak seharusnya (bidang tersebut haruslah sebuah string). Masalah ini telah diperbaiki. Perbaikan ini akan diterapkan pada wiki Wikimedia pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Sebagian besar wiki sekarang ini menggunakan [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] untuk membuat penanda catatan kaki khusus dalam keluaran Parsoid. Mulai 20 Januari, aturan-aturan ini akan dinonaktifkan, tetapi para pengembang meminta Anda untuk ''tidak'' membersihkan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> Anda sampai 20 Februari untuk menghindari masalah selama migrasi. Wiki Anda mungkin mengalami beberapa perubahan kecil pada penanda catatan kaki di Visual Editor dan ketika menggunakan mode baca Parsoid percobaan, tetapi jika ada perubahan, hal ini diharapkan dapat membuat keluaran parser sesuai dengan keluaran parser lama. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan mendatang dalam rangkaian [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community Conversations Wikimedia Foundation dengan komunitas Wikimedia Commons]] akan berlangsung pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|15 Januari pukul 8.00 UTC]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]. Tema pembicaraan kali ini adalah menentukan prioritas investasi perkakas di Commons. Kontributor dari semua wiki, terutama pengguna yang merawat perkakas di Commons, diundang untuk hadir. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Januari 2025 01.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus dapat menghapus beberapa halaman yang dibuat oleh pengguna atau alamat IP secara massal dengan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. Fitur ini sebelumnya hanya dapat menghapus halaman yang dibuat dalam 30 hari terakhir. Sekarang, fitur ini dapat menghapus halaman dari 90 hari terakhir, dengan batasan bahwa fitur ini ditujukan untuk pengguna atau alamat IP tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * Di [[phab:P72148|wiki yang menggunakan]] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]], saat fitur pengembalian suntingan digunakan untuk mengembalikan revisi halaman yang tidak dipatroli, revisi tersebut akan ditandai sebagai "dipatroli secara manual" dan bukan "dipatroli secara otomatis", sehingga membuatnya lebih akurat. Beberapa penyunting yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|penyaring]] di Perubahan Terbaru mungkin perlu memutakhirkan pengaturan penyaring mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, fitur "Sisipkan pranala" dari Visual Editor tidak selalu menyodorkan halaman yang sudah ada dengan benar ketika pengguna mulai mengetik, tetapi sekarang hal tersebut [[phab:T383497|sudah diperbaiki]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Ekstensi Structured Discussion (dikenal juga dengan nama Flow) sedang dalam proses penghapusan dari wiki. Ekstensi ini tidak terawat dan kerap menimbulkan masalah. Ekstensi ini akan digantikan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], yang dipakai pada halaman pembicaraan biasa. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|Kelompok wiki terakhir]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/id}}) akan segera dihubungi. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan mengenai proses ini, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] di wiki Anda. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Nawala Technical Community]] triwulan terbaru telah tersedia. Edisi ini mencakup: berita terbaru mengenai layanan dari tim Data Platform Engineering, informasi mengenai Codex dari tim Design System, dan lain-lain. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Januari 2025 01.36 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para pematroli dan pengurus - informasi atau konteks apa yang dapat membantu Anda membuat keputusan para pematroli dan pengurus dengan lebih cepat dan mudah? Wikimedia Foundation ingin mendengar pendapat Anda untuk membantu memandu rencana tahunan yang akan datang. Harap pertimbangkan untuk membagikan pemikiran Anda mengenai hal ini dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 pertanyaan lain]] untuk membentuk arahan teknis pada tahun depan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna Wikipedia App iOS di seluruh dunia kini dapat mengakses fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|Year in Review yang dapat dipersonalisasi]], untuk memberikan wawasan berdasarkan riwayat membaca dan menyunting di Wikipedia. Proyek ini merupakan bagian dari upaya menyeluruh untuk membantu menyambut pembaca baru saat mereka menemukan dan berinteraksi dengan konten ensiklopedis. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Pematroli suntingan sekarang memiliki fitur baru yang dapat menyoroti halaman-halaman baru yang berpotensi bermasalah. Ketika sebuah halaman dibuat dengan judul yang sama dengan halaman yang sebelumnya telah dihapus, kini sebuah tag ('Recreated') akan ditambahkan dan dapat disaring oleh pengguna dengan nilai [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] dan [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ada pemberitahuan baru untuk para penyunting jika mereka mencoba membuat pengalihan yang menautkan ke pengalihan lain ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|pengalihan ganda]]). Fitur ini akan menganjurkan agar mereka menautkan langsung ke halaman target pengalihan kedua. Terima kasih kepada pengguna SomeRandomDeveloper untuk perbaikan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Situs wiki Wikimedia mendukung pemeriksaan faktor kedua berbasis [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]] (seperti token perangkat keras) saat masuk log, tetapi fitur ini [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|rentan]] dan hanya memiliki sedikit pengguna. Tim Platform MediaWiki untuk sementara waktu mematikan penambahan kunci WebAuthn baru, agar tidak mengganggu peluncuran [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (Single User Login versi 3). Kunci yang sudah ada tidak akan terpengaruh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Bagi para pengembang yang menggunakan [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|timbunan Riwayat MediaWiki]]: Tim Data Platform Engineering telah menambahkan beberapa bidang baru ke dalam berkas-berkas ini, untuk mendukung inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]]. Jika Anda mengelola perangkat lunak yang menggunakan berkas-berkas tersebut, harap tinjau kembali kode Anda dan panduan yang telah diperbarui karena urutan kolom-kolom di baris tersebut akan berubah. Perubahan juga akan terjadi pada satu bidang: pada bidang <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi>, bidang <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> akan diubah namanya menjadi <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. Perubahan ini akan diberlakukan pada rilis berikutnya pada bulan Februari. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Januari 2025 22.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan menu bilah alat penyuntingan "Karakter spesial" sekarang dapat melihat 32 karakter spesial yang paling sering digunakan di seluruh sesi penyuntingan di wiki tersebut. Peningkatan ini akan membantu mempermudah menemukan karakter yang paling sering dipakai. Fitur ini tersedia di penyunting teks wiki 2010 dan VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Para penyunting yang menggunakan penyunting teks wiki 2010 sekarang dapat membuat turunan daftar dengan indentasi yang benar dengan memilih baris yang ingin diindentasi dan kemudian mengklik tombol-tombol bilah alat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] Anda bahkan dapat menyisipkan tag <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> dengan menggunakan tombol bilah alat yang baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Terima kasih kepada stjn untuk perbaikan ini. * Diperlukan asistensi untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|pembangkit kutipan]] bekerja dengan baik di setiap wiki. ** (1) Para pengurus perlu memperbarui versi lokal dari halaman <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> untuk menyertakan entri-entri untuk <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>. Berikut adalah contoh perubahan yang perlu ditiru [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 untuk 'preprint'] dan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 untuk 'standard' dan 'dataset']. ** (2.1) Jika peta Citoid dalam templat rujukan yang digunakan untuk jenis rujukan ini tidak ada, peta Citoid perlu ditambahkan. (2.2) Jika peta Citoid sudah ada, TemplateData perlu diperbarui untuk menyertakan nama bidang yang baru. Berikut adalah contoh perubahan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 untuk 'preprint'] dan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 untuk 'standard' dan 'dataset']. Bidang-bidang baru yang mungkin perlu didukung adalah <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q15637215|bahasa Kanuri Tengah]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|perkakas OCR (pengenalan karakter optik)]] yang digunakan di Wikisource kini mendukung bahasa baru, yaitu bahasa Slavia Gereja. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Pébruari 2025 00.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi (PTAC) telah mengeluarkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draf rekomendasi]] bagi departemen Produk dan Teknologi Wikimedia Foundation. Mereka memberikan rekomendasi agar berfokus pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|pengalaman perangkat bergerak]], khususnya kontribusi. Mereka meminta [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|umpan balik dari komunitas di halaman pembicaraan]] paling lambat pada 21 Februari. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Secara baku, pranala portlet "Halaman spesial" akan dipindahkan dari "Kotak Perkakas" ke bagian "Navigasi" di bilah sisi menu utama. Perubahan ini dilakukan agar Kotak Alat dapat menampilkan perkakas yang berkaitan dengan halaman yang sedang dibuka, bukan perkakas yang berkaitan dengan situs, sehingga posisi pranalanya akan lebih logis dan konsisten. Untuk memodifikasi perilaku ini dan memperbarui gaya CSS, para pengurus dapat mengikuti petunjuknya di [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan tahun ini dalam meningkatkan cara pembaca menemukan konten di wiki, tim Web akan melaksanakan eksperimen terhadap sejumlah kecil pembaca untuk menampilkan beberapa saran untuk artikel yang berkaitan atau menarik di bilah pencarian. Lihatlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|halaman proyek ini]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para penyunting templat yang menggunakan TemplateStyles sekarang dapat mengatur hasil untuk pengguna dengan kebutuhan aksesibilitas tertentu dengan menggunakan kueri media yang berhubungan dengan aksesibilitas (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Terima kasih kepada Bawolff untuk pengembangan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:22}} {{PLURAL:22|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, log pemblokiran global sekarang akan ditampilkan secara langsung di halaman {{#special:CentralAuth}}, seperti halnya penguncian global, untuk menyederhanakan alur kerja bagi penatalayan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Wikidata kini [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|mendukung sebuah bahasa khusus sebagai "standar untuk semua bahasa"]] untuk label dan nama lain. Hal ini untuk menghindari duplikasi yang berulang-ulang dari informasi yang sama di berbagai bahasa. Jika kueri Wikidata Anda menggunakan label, Anda mungkin perlu memutakhirkannya karena sebagian label yang ada akan dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * Fungsi <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> akan dipanggil di setiap halaman Wiki yang dibaca dan menyumbang ~2,5% dari total waktu pemuatan halaman. Nilai yang dihitung sekarang akan disimpan dalam tembolok untuk mengurangi beban pada peladen Wikimedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|upaya]] penghentian penggunaan RESTBase, titik akhir <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> telah dihentikan sejak 6 Februari 2025, dan akan segera dihapus. Lini masa ini dipilih untuk menyelaraskan dengan jadwal penghentian penggunaan untuk versi Android dan iOS yang lebih lama. Alternatif yang stabil adalah API tindakan "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" di MediaWiki, dan [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|contoh migrasi]] telah tersedia. Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki [[phab:T376297|dapat dihubungi]] jika ada pertanyaan. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Nawala Language and Internationalization newsletter]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Hal ini mencakup: Pembaruan tentang menu "Berkontribusi"; keterangan mengenai beberapa edisi bahasa terbaru dari Wikipedia; keterangan mengenai bahasa-bahasa baru yang didukung oleh antarmuka MediaWiki; pembaruan mengenai fitur daftar yang ditentukan oleh komunitas; dan lain-lain. * [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Nawala Chart Project]] terbaru telah terbit. Pembaruan ini berisi pembaruan mengenai perkembangan menuju visibilitas yang lebih baik dalam penggunaan grafik secara global dan dukungan untuk mengelompokkan halaman dalam ruang nama Data di Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Pébruari 2025 00.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas yang menggunakan perkakas Growth kini dapat menampilkan satu aktivitas di <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> bagi pengguna baru. Fitur ini akan membantu para pengguna baru untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai aktivitas penyuntingan yang dapat mereka ikuti. Para pengurus dapat membuat sebuah acara baru untuk ditayangkan di <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. Untuk memahami lebih lanjut mengenai fitur ini, silakan baca [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|artikel Diff]], lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|dokumentasinya]], atau hubungi [[mw:Talk:Growth|tim Growth]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Penyempurnaan halaman pembicaraan yang disorot]] * Mulai pekan depan, halaman pembicaraan di wiki ini – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/id}} – akan menggunakan [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|desain baru]]. Pembaruan ini telah melalui uji coba secara menyeluruh dalam versi Beta dan merupakan tahap terakhir dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|perbaikan halaman pembicaraan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * Kini Anda dapat melakukan navigasi untuk melihat halaman pengalihan langsung dari halaman tindakannya, misalnya halaman riwayat. Sebelumnya, Anda harus terlebih dahulu pergi ke halaman target pengalihan. Perubahan ini akan membantu para penyunting yang banyak bekerja dengan pengalihan. Terima kasih kepada stjn untuk perbaikan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * Saat ini, ketika sebuah referensi melalui fitur Cite digunakan berkali-kali, wiki menampilkan angka seperti "1.23" atau penanda abjad yang dilokalkan seperti "a b c" di dalam daftar referensi. Sebelumnya, jika terdapat banyak penggunaan ulang sehingga semua penanda alfabet digunakan, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|sebuah pesan galat]] akan ditampilkan. Sebagai bagian dari upaya [[phab:T383036|modernisasi dalam penyesuaian Cite]], pesan kesalahan ini tidak akan ditampilkan lagi dan sebagai gantinya, pranala balik akan kembali menampilkan penanda angka seperti "1.23" setelah semua penanda abjad digunakan. * Entri log bagi setiap perubahan pada grup pengguna penyunting sekarang lebih jelas terlihat dengan memerinci secara tepat apa yang telah berubah, bukan hanya sekadar daftar sebelum dan sesudah. Para penerjemah dapat [[phab:T369466|membantu memutakhirkan versi yang dilokalkan]]. Terima kasih kepada Msz2001 untuk perbaikan ini. * Sebuah penyaring baru telah ditambahkan ke perkakas [[{{#special:Nuke}}]], yang memungkinkan para pengurus untuk menghapus halaman secara massal, sehingga pengguna dapat menyaring halaman dalam berbagai ukuran halaman (dalam bita). Hal ini memungkinkan, misalnya, menghapus halaman dengan ukuran tertentu atau di bawahnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Para pengguna yang bukan pengurus kini dapat memeriksa halaman mana saja yang dapat dihapus dengan menggunakan perkakas [[{{#special:Nuke}}]]. Terima kasih kepada MolecularPilot untuk pengembangan ini dan perbaikan-perbaikan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu pada konfigurasi format berkas video AV1 sudah diperbaiki, sehingga memungkinkan berkas-berkas ini dapat diputar kembali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Parsoid Read Views akan segera diluncurkan ke sebagian besar Wiktionary dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, setelah transisi Wikivoyage ke Parsoid Read Views yang berjalan dengan sukses tahun lalu. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Pengembang perkakas yang berjalan di wiki harus memperhatikan bahwa <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> sudah tidak berlaku lagi. Perkakas yang membutuhkan <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> harus secara eksplisit mendeklarasikan <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> sebagai dependensi ResourceLoader, dan harus bermigrasi ke API <code dir=ltr>URL</code> asli peramban dalam waktu dekat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Pébruari 2025 21.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus kini dapat menyesuaikan sendiri cara [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|fitur Babel]] membuat kategori dengan menggunakan [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. Mereka dapat mengubah nama kategori bahasa, memilih apakah kategori tersebut akan dibuat secara otomatis, dan menyesuaikan pengaturan lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * Portal <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> telah dimutakhirkan—dan mendapat beberapa perbaikan yang sedang berjalan—guna memodernisasi dan meningkatkan aksesibilitas halaman-halaman portal kami. Saat ini, portal telah mendukung tata letak yang lebih baik bagi perangkat seluler, kata-kata dan pranala yang telah diperbaharui, dan dukungan bahasa yang lebih baik. Selain itu, semua portal proyek Wikimedia, seperti <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, kini telah mendukung mode gelap ketika pembaca menggunakan pengaturan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q33965|bahasa Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang membuat pengguna tidak dapat mengeklik hasil pencarian di antarmuka web telah diperbaiki pada beberapa konfigurasi Firefox di ponsel Android. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa selanjutnya akan diselenggarakan pada 28 Februari pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14.00 UTC]. Pertemuan kali ini akan membahas: hal-hal penting dan perkembangan teknis mengenai papan ketik dan alat bantu untuk bahasa-bahasa Sámi, kontribusi Translatewiki.net dari komunitas bahasa Lampung di Indonesia, dan tanya-jawab teknis. Jika Anda ingin bergabung, silakan [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|mendaftar di halaman wiki]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Pébruari 2025 00.40 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Semua penyunting yang masuk menggunakan tampilan seluler kini sudah dapat menyunting satu halaman penuh. Pranala "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" dapat diakses dari menu "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" di bilah alat. Sebelumnya, fitur ini hanya tersedia bagi penyunting yang menggunakan pengaturan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|kontribusi seluler tingkat lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Para pengurus antarmuka kini dapat membantu menghapus kode CSS Cite yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi yang mencocokkan "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" dengan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> lokal mereka. Daftar wiki yang memerlukan pembenahan dan kode yang harus dihapus [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css dapat dilihat pada pencarian global] dan [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 contoh ini]. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang cara membantunya di [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|halaman proyek migrasi CSS]]. Penanda catatan kaki Cite ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") sekarang ditampilkan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] sehingga CSS yang sudah tidak digunakan tidak lagi diperlukan. CSS pranala balik ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") akan tetap digunakan untuk saat ini. Pembenahan ini diharapkan tidak akan menyebabkan banyak perubahan yang terlihat oleh pembaca. Bantulah untuk menghapus kode ini sebelum tanggal 20 Maret, jika tidak, tim pengembang akan melakukannya untuk Anda. * Ketika para penyunting menyematkan berkas (contohnya <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) pada halaman yang dilindungi oleh perlindungan beruntun, perangkat lunak tidak lagi membatasi pengeditan pada halaman deskripsi berkas; hanya unggahan berkas baru yang akan dibatasi.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] Kendati demikian, menyisipkan halaman deskripsi berkas (contohnya <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) kini akan menerapkan pembatasan penyuntingan pada halaman tersebut.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * Ketika para penyunting mengembalikan berkas ke versi sebelumnya, pengunggahan tersebut akan memerlukan izin yang sama seperti ketika mengunggah berkas versi baru. Sekarang, perangkat lunak akan memeriksa hak 'reupload' atau 'reupload-own',[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] dan mengikuti perlindungan beruntun.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * Ketika para pengurus menyusun daftar halaman yang akan dihapus dengan fitur Nuke, mereka juga dapat menyusun daftar halaman pembicaraan dan pengalihan terkait untuk dihapus, bersamaan dengan halaman yang dibuat oleh sang target, tanpa harus menghapus halaman-halaman tersebut secara manual. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Pembaruan sebelumnya]] terhadap Single User Login, yang akan mengantisipasi pembatasan peramban terhadap kuki lintas domain dengan memindahkan proses masuk log dan pembuatan akun ke domain pusat, kini akan diluncurkan ke semua pengguna selama bulan Maret dan April. Rencananya, tim ini akan mengaktifkannya kepada semua pembuatan akun baru di wiki [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] pada pekan ini. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|halaman proyek SUL3]] untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut dan linimasa yang telah disesuaikan. * Sejak pekan lalu, terdapat sebuah kekutu yang menampilkan beberapa ikon antarmuka sebagai kotak hitam hingga halaman dimuat sepenuhnya. Masalah ini akan diperbaiki dalam pekan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q2044560|bahasa Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu dalam memuat gambar di peramban Firefox versi lama di ponsel telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Maret 2025 02.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan pengelola kata sandi di beberapa wiki mungkin akan mendapati perubahan di masa mendatang. Metode yang digunakan oleh wiki untuk memberikan informasi kepada pengelola kata sandi tentang penggunaan ulang kata sandi di seluruh domain baru-baru ini telah diubah, sehingga beberapa pengelola kata sandi mungkin menawarkan Anda kredensial masuk yang Anda simpan untuk situs Wikimedia yang berbeda. Sebagian pengelola kata sandi telah lebih dulu melakukan hal ini, dan sekarang sedang melakukannya untuk lebih banyak domain Wikimedia. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|proyek SUL3]] yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki cara kerja penyatuan masuk log agar tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan yang sedang berlangsung pada peramban web yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * Tim Wikipedia Apps mengundang para peminat untuk membantu meningkatkan penggunaan Wikipedia secara luring dalam penggunaan internet yang terbatas. Setelah adanya diskusi di [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|pertemuan ESEAP]] terakhir, tantangan-tantangan utama seperti pencarian, penyuntingan, dan akses luring sedang dijajaki, dengan kelompok-kelompok diskusi yang akan dibentuk untuk membahas topik-topik ini lebih dalam. Kami menerima semua bahasa, dan penerjemah akan tersedia. Mau berbagi pendapat Anda? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Bergabunglah dalam diskusinya]] atau kirim surel ke <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>. * Semua wiki akan berstatus hanya-baca selama beberapa menit pada 19 Maret. Hal ini akan dilakukan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 pukul 14.00 UTC]. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diumumkan di Berita Teknis dan juga akan dikirim ke setiap wiki dalam beberapa pekan mendatang. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya termasuk: peluncuran modul Community Updates, perombakan terbaru di Community Configuration, dan pengujian usulan di dalam artikel untuk penyunting pemula. * Sebuah API lama yang pernah digunakan di aplikasi Wikipedia Android akan dihapus pada akhir bulan Maret. API lama tersebut tidak akan digunakan lagi, tetapi pengguna aplikasi dengan versi yang lebih dari 6 (enam) bulan pada saat penghapusan (31 Maret 2025) tidak akan lagi memiliki akses ke fitur Saran Suntingan, hingga mereka memperbarui aplikasinya. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|membaca informasi lebih lanjut tentang perubahan ini]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Maret 2025 23.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setiap dua kali setahun, bertepatan dengan ekuinoks, tim Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) Wikimedia Foundation melakukan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|pengalihan pusat data]]. Dalam proses ini, seluruh lalu lintas dialihkan dari peladen utama ke peladen cadangan untuk memastikan keandalan sistem jika terjadi krisis, sehingga selalu ada pusat data yang dapat digunakan. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Dengan perkakas Listen to Wikipedia], Anda dapat mendengar proses pengalihan ini secara langsung. Sebelum dimulai, aliran suntingan terdengar stabil. Saat sistem memasuki mode hanya-baca sejenak, suara akan berhenti selama beberapa menit, kemudian kembali setelah pemindahan selesai. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang proses ini, Anda dapat membaca [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|blog Diff]]. Jika ingin mengikuti pengalihan peladen berikutnya, dengarkan wiki pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 19 Maret pukul 14.00 UTC]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Dasbor perkakas Penerjemahan Konten] yang telah disempurnakan kini tersedia di [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedia]] dan akan [[phab:T387821|segera hadir]] di semua Wikipedia. Dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|dasbor terintegrasi]], pengguna desktop sekarang dapat: mengalihbahasakan bagian baru dari sebuah artikel; menemukan dan mengakses [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits penyaring saran artikel berbasis topik] (awalnya hanya tersedia untuk pengguna perangkat seluler); menemukan dan mengakses penyaring [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|daftar yang ditentukan oleh komunitas]], yang juga dikenal sebagai "Koleksi", dari proyek-proyek dan kampanye wiki. * Wikimedia Commons kini memiliki [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|sistem baru untuk memilih kategori berkas dengan lebih mudah]]. Jika suatu kategori memiliki subkategori, pengguna dapat mengeklik tanda panah untuk membukanya langsung dalam formulir dan memilih subkategori yang sesuai. Nama kategori utama tetap ditampilkan di bagian atas, memungkinkan pengguna untuk kembali kapan saja. Hal ini seharusnya mengurangi jumlah pekerjaan bagi para sukarelawan dalam memperbaiki/membuat kategori baru. Perubahan ini juga tersedia di perangkat seluler. Peningkatan ini adalah bagian dari pengembangan terencana untuk UploadWizard. * Tim Teknologi Komunitas sedang mencari wiki yang bersedia berpartisipasi dalam uji coba fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblock]] dan pembaruan halaman Special:Block yang dirilis pada akhir Maret. Fitur Multiblock memungkinkan pengurus menerapkan beberapa jenis pemblokiran pada satu pengguna secara bersamaan. Jika Anda adalah pengurus atau penatalayan dan tertarik untuk ikut serta dalam uji coba bersama komunitas Anda, silakan tinggalkan pesan di [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Mulai 25 Maret, tim Editing akan menguji fitur baru Pemeriksaan Suntingan: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]], di [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedia]]. Dalam uji coba ini, setengah dari pengguna baru di wiki-wiki tersebut akan melihat semua [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] yang relevan selama sesi penyuntingan mereka, sementara yang lain hanya akan melihat satu. Tujuan pengujian ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah pengguna merasa bingung atau kewalahan ketika diberikan beberapa Pemeriksaan Referensi dalam satu sesi. Selain itu, di wiki ini, tag yang digunakan pada suntingan yang menampilkan Pemeriksaan Referensi akan disederhanakan, memungkinkan beberapa tag muncul dalam satu suntingan. Perubahan pada tag ini akan didokumentasikan [[phab:T373949|di Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Bot pengingat global]], yang berfungsi memberi tahu pengguna tentang berakhirnya hak pengguna sementara mereka, kini mendukung penggunaan nama lokal kelompok hak pengguna dalam judul pesan. Penerjemah dapat meninjau [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|daftar terjemahan dan dokumentasi yang tersedia]] untuk memastikan apakah bahasa mereka perlu diperbarui atau ditambahkan. * Pengaturan gender di [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]], yang menentukan bagaimana perangkat lunak merujuk kepada Anda dalam pesan antarmuka, kini berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya dengan menggantikan pengaturan standar lokal. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:26}} {{PLURAL:26|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android telah memperbaiki kekutu yang terjadi saat pengguna menjelajah dan mencari dalam beberapa bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Akhir pekan ini, metode pemuatan tampilan Codex akan mengalami perubahan. Meskipun risikonya kecil, perubahan ini dapat menyebabkan kotak pesan antarmuka tidak selaras dengan gaya di beberapa halaman. Konten buatan pengguna, seperti templat, tidak akan terpengaruh, tetapi gawai mungkin terdampak. Jika Anda menemukan masalah, [[phab:T388847|harap laporkan]]. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk tangkapan layar dan panduan perbaikan gawai yang terpengaruh, silakan lihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Maret 2025 23.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang Anda untuk memberikan umpan balik mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|draf tujuan dan hasil utama yang akan menjadi prioritas Produk dan Teknologi]] pada tahun fiskal mendatang, yang dimulai pada bulan Juli. Tujuan tersebut mencakup area strategis yang luas, sementara hasil utama berfungsi sebagai indikator terukur untuk menilai keberhasilannya. Silakan bagikan masukan Anda di halaman pembicaraan dalam bahasa apa pun, sebaiknya sebelum akhir April. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] akan dirilis ke beberapa wiki (lihat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|rencana penerapan]] untuk keterangan lebih lanjut) pada April 2025, dan tim telah memulai proses melibatkan komunitas di wiki yang telah diidentifikasi. Ekstensi ini menyediakan alat untuk mengorganisasi, mengelola, dan mempromosikan aktivitas kolaboratif (seperti acara, edit-a-thon, dan proyek wiki) di wiki. Ekstensi ini memiliki perkakas untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] (Event Registration), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]] (Collaboration List), dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]] (Invitation Lists). Saat ini, ekstensi ini sudah tersedia di 13 Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, Wikipedia bahasa Spanyol, serta di Wikidata. Pertanyaan atau permintaan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|halaman diskusi ekstensi]] atau di Phabricator (dengan tag <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi>). * Mulai pekan 31 Maret, wiki-wiki akan dapat menetapkan kelompok pengguna mana yang dapat melihat pendaftar privat dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] sebagai bagian dari ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]]. Secara bawaan, penyelenggara acara dan pengurus wiki lokal akan dapat melihat pendaftar privat. Hal ini merupakan perubahan dari perilaku saat ini, di mana hanya penyelenggara acara yang dapat melihat pendaftar privat. Wiki dapat mengubah pengaturan bawaan ini dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|mengajukan permintaan perubahan konfigurasi]] di Phabricator (dengan menambahkan tag <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi>). Peserta acara sebelumnya dapat membatalkan pendaftaran mereka kapan saja. * Para pengurus di wiki dengan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> yang disesuaikan perlu memastikan bahwa bilah sisi mereka mencantumkan {{int:specialpages}} listing. Jika belum, mereka harus menambahkannya menggunakan <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Sementara itu, untuk wiki dengan bilah sisi bawaan, pranala tersebut akan dipindahkan dari kotak perkakas halaman (''page toolbox'') ke menu bilah sisi pada bulan April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * Kulit Minerva (web seluler) kini menggabungkan notifikasi Notifikasi dan Pemberitahuan dalam ikon lonceng ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). Sebelumnya, terdapat kekutu lama, di mana indikator notifikasi baru hanya muncul jika ada Pemberitahuan yang belum dilihat. Masalah ini sekarang telah diperbaiki. Ke depannya, pengguna Minerva akan melihat penghitung di atas ikon lonceng saat terdapat Notifikasi dan/atau Pemberitahuan yang belum dilihat (minimal 1). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * VisualEditor telah memperkenalkan [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|pengait sisi klien baru]] untuk membantu pengembang dalam mengintegrasikan dengan siklus hidup target VisualEditor. Pengait ini akan menggantikan pengait siklus hidup yang sudah ada dengan pendekatan yang lebih konsisten di berbagai platform. Selain itu, pengait baru ini juga mencakup penggunaan VisualEditor di luar pengeditan artikel penuh, memungkinkan gawai berinteraksi dengan para penyunting di DiscussionTools. Tim Editor berencana menghentikan penggunaan dan akhirnya menghapus pengait siklus hidup lama. Oleh karena itu, mereka tertarik untuk mengetahui setiap kasus penggunaan yang belum tercakup dalam pengait baru ini, yang dapat [[phab:T355555|dibagikan dalam tugas terkait]]. * Para pengembang yang menggunakan perpustakaan JavaScript <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> kini dapat mengidentifikasi perkakas yang memanfaatkannya melalui parameter <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code>: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. Jika Anda mengelola sebuah gawai atau skrip pengguna, harap tetapkan agen pengguna karena ini membantu dalam pemeliharaan perpustakaan dan peladen, serta membedakan lalu lintas yang sah dan tidak sah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Maret 2025 22.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Editing sedang mengerjakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]] baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. Tujuan dari pemeriksaan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi istilah-istilah yang tidak netral ketika seorang pengguna menyunting halaman Wikipedia, sehingga mereka dapat diberitahu bahwa suntingan mereka mungkin perlu diperbaiki sebelum dipublikasikan. Proyek ini masih dalam tahap awal, dan tim sedang mencari masukan dari komunitas. Dalam [[phab:T389445|tugas Phabricator ini]], mereka mengumpulkan kebijakan wiki, templat yang digunakan untuk menandai artikel yang tidak netral, serta istilah-istilah (jargon dan kata kunci) yang ditemukan dalam ringkasan suntingan untuk bahasa-bahasa yang sedang mereka teliti. Anda dapat berpartisipasi dengan menyunting tabel di Phabricator, mengomentari tugas tersebut, atau menghubungi [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] secara langsung. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] kini telah diperbarui di semua wiki untuk mengalihkan proses masuk dan pembuatan akun ke domain pusat. Pembaruan ini memastikan kompatibilitas login pengguna dengan pembatasan peramban terhadap kuki lintas domain, yang sebelumnya menyebabkan beberapa pengguna mengalami kesulitan tetap masuk. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:35}} {{PLURAL:35|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 31 Maret, Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan merilis secara terbatas spesifikasi OpenAPI yang telah dikembangkan serta pengalaman sandbox berbasis SwaggerUI untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|API REST MediaWiki]]. Mereka mengundang pengembang dari komunitas Wikipedia non-Inggris tertentu (Arab, Jerman, Prancis, Ibrani, Interlingua, Belanda, dan Tionghoa) untuk meninjau dokumentasi dan mencoba bak pasir dalam bahasa pilihan mereka. Selain proyek Wikipedia yang ditargetkan, bak pasir dan spesifikasi OpenAPI juga akan tersedia di [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|halaman khusus REST Sandbox pada wiki uji coba]] bagi pengembang yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa utama. Selama periode pratinjau ini, Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki mengundang para pengembang untuk [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|memberikan umpan balik mengenai pengalaman mereka]]. Pratinjau akan berlangsung sekitar dua pekan. Lalu, bak pasir dan spesifikasi OpenAPI akan tersedia di semua proyek wiki. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Terkadang, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|perubahan kecil pada satu baris kode]] dapat membawa dampak yang sangat besar. Dalam kasus ini, untuk pertama kalinya dalam beberapa tahun, seluruh tumpukan yang melayani <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi>—sebuah inang yang didedikasikan untuk wiki dan kebutuhan peta multibahasa—dapat dijalankan dari satu pusat data inti untuk pertama kalinya dalam beberapa tahun. Skenario ini diuji setiap kali terjadi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|peralihan pusat data]]. Perubahan ini sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa jika salah satu pusat data terdampak bencana, situs tetap dapat beroperasi. Pencapaian ini merupakan [[phab:T216826|hasil kerja keras]] dua pengembang dalam memigrasikan komponen terakhir dari tumpukan peta ke [[w:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]], yang memungkinkan alokasi sumber daya yang lebih efisien dan meningkatkan kapasitas penanganan lalu lintas dalam satu pusat data. Proses migrasi ini melibatkan banyak langkah kompleks, karena perangkat lunak dan pustaka yang digunakannya memerlukan pembaruan besar yang telah lama tertunda. Pekerjaan seperti ini membantu menjadikan infrastruktur Wikimedia lebih tangguh dan berkelanjutan. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2025]] (MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2025) akan diselenggarakan di Sandusky, Amerika Serikat, serta secara daring pada 14–16 Mei 2025. Acara ini akan membahas penggunaan perangkat lunak MediaWiki oleh berbagai perusahaan di berbagai industri serta menginspirasi dan menarik pengguna baru. Pendaftaran peserta dan proposal presentasi kini tersedia di situs web konferensi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 April 2025 00.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai saat ini, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|para pengurus antarmuka]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|pengurus pengumuman pusat (''centralnotice'')]] secara teknis diwajibkan untuk mengaktifkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua faktor]] sebelum dapat menggunakan hak istimewa mereka. Ke depannya, kebijakan ini dapat diperluas untuk mencakup lebih banyak kelompok dengan hak pengguna tingkat lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tim Design System sedang mempersiapkan peluncuran versi utama berikutnya dari Codex (v2.0.0) pada 29 April. Para penyunting dan pengembang yang menggunakan CSS dari Codex diimbau untuk meninjau [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|dokumentasi ikhtisar versi 2.0]], yang memuat panduan mengenai sejumlah perubahan penting, termasuk <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, dan <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * Hasil [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang (2025)]] telah dipublikasikan. Ucapan terima kasih disampaikan kepada semua peserta atas kontribusinya. Temuan dari survei ini berperan penting dalam membantu Wikimedia Foundation menetapkan arah kerja ke depan dan meninjau capaian yang telah dilakukan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|Wikimedia Hackathon 2025]] akan berlangsung di Istanbul, Turki, pada 2–4 Mei. Batas akhir pendaftaran untuk keikutsertaan langsung adalah 13 April. Calon peserta diimbau untuk memeriksa terlebih dahulu persyaratan [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] atau [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] yang mungkin diperlukan untuk masuk ke Turki sebelum mendaftar. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 April 2025 18.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Akhir pekan ini, ukuran standar gambar mini akan ditingkatkan dari 220 piksel menjadi 250 piksel. Perubahan ini akan memengaruhi tampilan halaman di seluruh wiki dan telah menjadi permintaan sejumlah komunitas selama bertahun-tahun. Sebelumnya, hal tersebut belum dapat diwujudkan karena keterbatasan teknis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * Gambar mini dari berkas kini disimpan dalam berbagai ukuran. Jika suatu halaman menetapkan ukuran gambar mini yang tidak termasuk dalam daftar ukuran standar (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 250, 330, 500, 960 piksel), MediaWiki akan memilih ukuran gambar mini terbesar yang tersedia, kemudian meminta peramban untuk mengecilkan ukurannya sesuai dengan yang diminta. Dalam kasus seperti ini, tidak akan ada perubahan secara visual, tetapi pengguna mungkin akan memuat gambar dengan ukuran yang sedikit lebih besar. Jika tidak ada preferensi khusus mengenai ukuran gambar mini yang digunakan dalam suatu halaman, disarankan untuk memilih salah satu dari ukuran standar guna menghindari proses pengecilan di sisi peramban. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation tengah mengembangkan sebuah sistem bernama [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] yang akan memungkinkan pelaksanaan uji A/B, membantu melindungi dari serangan kegagalan layanan (DDoS), serta mempermudah pemahaman mengenai jumlah pengunjung situs-situs Wikimedia. Inisiatif ini bertujuan untuk membangun perangkat yang dapat mendukung pembaca secara lebih efisien dan memudahkan mereka dalam menemukan informasi yang mereka cari. * Untuk meningkatkan keamanan pengguna, sebagian kecil proses masuk log kini akan mengharuskan pemilik akun memasukkan kata sandi sekali pakai yang dikirimkan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|surel ke alamat yang terdaftar di akun mereka]]. Pengguna disarankan untuk [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|memastikan]] bahwa alamat surel pada akun telah diatur dengan benar, telah dikonfirmasi, dan dapat digunakan untuk keperluan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Apakah Anda tertarik untuk mengikuti survei singkat guna meningkatkan alat bantu yang digunakan dalam meninjau atau mengembalikan suntingan di Wiki Anda?" Pertanyaan ini akan [[phab:T389401|ditampilkan di tujuh wiki mulai pekan depan]], pada halaman "Perubahan terbaru" dan "Daftar pantauan". [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Tim Moderator Tools]] ingin memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan peninjauan suntingan baru dalam proyek Wikimedia Anda, serta proses penentuan apakah suntingan tersebut sesuai dengan kebijakan proyek yang berlaku. * Mulai 15 April, grafik lengkap Wikidata tidak akan lagi didukung di <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. Setelah tanggal tersebut, artikel-artikel ilmiah akan tersedia melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, sementara data lainnya yang dihos di Wikidata akan tetap tersedia melalui titik akhir <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari proses pemisahan Wikidata Graph yang telah dijadwalkan dan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|diumumkan pada bulan September 2024]]. Informasi lebih lanjut [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|tersedia di Wikidata]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Nawala Aplikasi Wikimedia]] triwulan terbaru kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini berisi kabar terbaru, eksperimen, serta berbagai peningkatan yang telah diterapkan pada aplikasi Wikipedia versi seluler. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Nawala Komunitas Teknis]] triwulan terbaru kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini mencakup: undangan bagi para pengelola perkakas untuk menghadiri Sesi Umpan Balik Komunitas Toolforge UI pada 15 April, metrik komunitas terbaru, dan artikel blog teknis terkini. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 April 2025 00.23 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sejak 15 April, [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] telah terintegrasi dengan [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Wikipedia bahasa Dagbani]]. Ini merupakan proyek pertama yang memungkinkan pemanggilan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] untuk diintegrasikan ke dalam artikel. Fungsi adalah proses yang menerima satu atau lebih masukan dan mengubahnya menjadi keluaran tertentu, seperti menjumlahkan dua bilangan, mengonversi mil menjadi meter, menghitung waktu yang telah berlalu sejak suatu peristiwa, atau mengubah bentuk kata sesuai dengan kaidah kasus gramatikal. Dengan Wikifunctions, pengguna dapat melakukan operasi tersebut melalui [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|pemanggilan fungsi global yang stabil]], tanpa bergantung pada templat lokal. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * Jenis galat ''lint'' baru telah dibuat: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|dokumentasi]]). [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Ekstensi Linter]] bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola teks wiki yang perlu atau dapat diperbaiki dalam halaman, serta memberikan panduan mengenai permasalahan pada pola-pola tersebut dan cara memperbaikinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:37}} {{PLURAL:37|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah diterbitkan di HuggingFace, kumpulan data "Structured Contents" yang dikembangkan oleh Wikimedia Enterprise kini [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ juga tersedia di Kaggle]. Inisiatif Beta ini berfokus pada upaya membuat data Wikimedia lebih mudah dibaca mesin bagi para pengguna ulang berskala besar. Versi beta ini dirilis di platform yang telah digunakan oleh komunitas kumpulan data terbuka, dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh umpan balik guna menyempurnakan produk sebelum dirilis secara lebih luas di masa mendatang. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets proyek Structured Contents] secara keseluruhan, serta mengenai [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ rilis pertama yang dapat digunakan secara bebas]. * Tidak ada versi baru MediaWiki pada minggu ini. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Tim Penyuntingan dan Tim Pembelajaran Mesin mengundang para sukarelawan yang berminat untuk menghadiri pertemuan guna mendiskusikan ''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]'', yaitu fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] terbaru yang akan mendeteksi penggunaan bahasa "''peacock''" (berlebihan dalam memuji), "terlalu promosi," atau "tidak netral" saat para penyunting sedang mengetik. Penyunting yang bekerja bersama pengguna baru, membantu memperbaiki tulisan semacam ini, atau memiliki ketertarikan terhadap penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam proyek-proyek kita, diharapkan untuk hadir. Pertemuan akan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|diadakan pada 28 April 2025]] pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18.00–19.00 UTC] dan diselenggarakan melalui Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 April 2025 20.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 28 April 2025 15.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Penyelenggara acara yang mengadakan kegiatan kolaboratif di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|beberapa wiki]], termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Jepang, dan Korea, akan mendapatkan akses ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|ekstensi CampaignEvents]] pada pekan ini. Selain itu, para pengurus di Wikipedia yang telah mengaktifkan ekstensi tersebut akan segera diberikan hak sebagai penyelenggara acara secara otomatis. Mereka tidak perlu lagi memberikan hak tersebut kepada diri sendiri secara manual sebelum dapat mengelola acara sebagaimana [[phab:T386861|diminta oleh komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Peluncuran versi utama berikutnya dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], sistem desain untuk Wikimedia, dijadwalkan pada 29 April 2025. Para penyunting teknis akan memperoleh akses ke versi ini pada pekan yang dimulai 5 Mei 2025. Pembaruan ini mencakup sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|perubahan besar]] (''breaking changes'') serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|perubahan visual]] kecil. Petunjuk mengenai penanganan perubahan tersebut telah didokumentasikan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|halaman ini]]. Pengujian prarilis dilaporkan dalam [[phab:T386298|T386298]], sedangkan masalah pascarilis akan dipantau melalui [[phab:T392379|T392379]] dan [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Pengguna [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] akan melihat bahwa tampilan basis data <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, dan <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> [[phab:T390767|kini telah dinyatakan usang]]. Sebagai gantinya, pengguna dapat menggunakan view baru <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> dan <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> yang mencerminkan tabel-tabel baru dalam basis data produksi. Tampilan yang telah usang tersebut akan dihapus sepenuhnya dari Wiki Replicas pada Juni 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Nawala triwulanan terbaru mengenai Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini memuat ringkasan mengenai peningkatan pada [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ perkakas Content Translation Dashboard], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|dukungan untuk bahasa-bahasa baru]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|sorotan dari kampanye Wiki Loves Ramadan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|hasil dari Language Onboarding Experiment]]—analisis keberagaman topik dalam artikel—serta informasi mengenai pertemuan dan acara komunitas yang akan datang. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 29 April pukul 14.30 UTC]. Edisi kali ini akan berfokus pada tema "Memahami dan Menavigasi Konflik dalam Proyek Wikimedia". [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|Pendaftaran]] untuk mengikuti acara ini sudah dibuka. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|Wikimedia Hackathon 2025]], yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis global untuk berjejaring, bertukar ide, dan mengembangkan proyek-proyek yang sudah ada, akan berlangsung pada 2 hingga 4 Mei 2025 di Istanbul, Turki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 28 April 2025 19.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan draf pembaruan terbaru untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|rencana tahunan]] mereka pada tahun mendatang (Juli 2025–Juni 2026). Draf ini mencakup [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|ringkasan eksekutif]] (yang juga tersedia di [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), informasi mengenai tiga [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|tujuan]] utama ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastruktur]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Dukungan Sukarelawan]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Efektivitas]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|tren global]], serta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|anggaran]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|model keuangan]]. Masukan dan pertanyaan sangat diharapkan di [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|halaman pembicaraannya]] hingga akhir Mei. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Untuk wiki yang telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|mengaktifkan ekstensi CampaignEvents]], dua peningkatan fitur baru telah dirilis: ** Para pengurus kini dapat menentukan ruang nama mana yang diizinkan untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|dokumentasi tersedia]]). Pengaturan bawaan mengizinkan pendaftaran acara di ruang nama Event, tetapi kini ruang nama lain (seperti ruang nama proyek atau ProyekWiki) juga dapat ditambahkan. Dengan perubahan ini, komunitas seperti ProyekWiki kini dapat menggunakan fitur Pendaftaran Acara dengan lebih mudah untuk kegiatan kolaboratif mereka. ** Para penyunting kini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|mentransklusi]] Collaboration List (Daftar Kolaborasi) ke dalam halaman wiki ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|dokumentasi tersedia]]). Collaboration List adalah daftar otomatis yang menampilkan acara dan ProyekWiki di wiki, yang dapat diakses melalui Special:AllEvents ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|contoh tersedia]]). Sekarang, Collaboration List dapat ditambahkan ke berbagai jenis halaman wiki, seperti: halaman utama wiki, halaman ProyekWiki, halaman afiliasi, halaman acara, atau bahkan halaman pengguna. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengembang yang menggunakan pustaka <code dir=ltr>moment</code> dalam gawai dan skrip pengguna disarankan untuk meninjau kembali kode mereka dan beralih ke alternatif seperti pustaka <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> atau pustaka baru <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code>. Pustaka <code dir=ltr>moment</code> telah dinyatakan usang dan akan mulai menampilkan pesan peringatan di konsol pengembang. Anda dapat melihat pencarian global untuk penggunaan yang masih aktif, serta [[phab:T392532|mengajukan pertanyaan terkait melalui tugas di Phabricator]]. * Para pengembang yang memelihara perkakas yang melakukan kueri terhadap tabel penyimpanan istilah Wikidata (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar terhubung ke klaster basis data yang terpisah. Tabel-tabel ini sedang dipindahkan ke klaster basis data tersendiri. Perkakas yang selama ini mengakses tabel-tabel tersebut melalui replika wiki harus disesuaikan agar dapat terhubung ke klaster yang baru. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Dokumentasi dan pranala terkait telah tersedia]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Nawala terbaru Chart Project]] telah tersedia. Nawala ini berisi kabar terbaru mengenai persiapan untuk memperluas penerapan ke wiki tambahan mulai pekan ini (6 Mei) dan skalanya yang akan meningkat dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, serta eksplorasi mengenai penyaringan dan transformasi data sumber. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Méi 2025 00.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 6 Méi 2025 15.07 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pranala [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Dapatkan URL pendek"]] yang ada di bilah samping kini dilengkapi dengan [[phab:T393309|kode QR]]. Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat memindai atau mengunduh kode tersebut untuk membagikan dan mengakses konten dari situs Wikimedia dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation sedang mengembangkan sebuah sistem bernama [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] yang akan memungkinkan [[w:en:A/B testing|pengujian A/B]], membantu melindungi situs dari serangan DDoS, serta mempermudah pemahaman mengenai jumlah pengunjung situs Wikimedia. Tujuan dari sistem ini adalah untuk mendukung pengembangan perkakas bantu yang lebih efisien bagi pembaca, serta mempermudah mereka dalam menemukan informasi yang dicari. Berita Teknis sebelumnya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|telah membahas topik ini]]. Penerapan sistem ini akan dilakukan secara bertahap. Beberapa pengguna mungkin akan melihat kuki Edge Uniques mulai pekan tanggal 19 Mei. Anda dapat mendiskusikan hal ini di [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|halaman pembicaraan]]. * Mulai 19 Mei 2025, penyelenggara acara di wiki yang telah mengaktifkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents| CampaignEvents]] dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] di ruang nama proyek (misalnya ruang nama Wikipedia, ruang nama Wikidata). Dengan perubahan ini, komunitas tidak lagi memerlukan peran pengurus untuk menggunakan fitur tersebut. Namun, wiki yang tidak menginginkan perubahan ini dapat mengatur ulang ruang nama yang diizinkan melalui halaman [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * Proyek {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} kini telah hadir dalam [[d:Q36720|bahasa Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]), sebuah bahasa yang digunakan terutama di wilayah Tengah Utara Nigeria. Para penutur bahasa Nupe diundang untuk berpartisipasi dan memperkaya [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|Wikipedia baru]] tersebut. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para pengembang kini dapat mengakses Wikipedia dalam bahasa Belanda yang telah diurai sebelumnya, bersama dengan versi bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Spanyol, Italia, dan Portugis, melalui [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (versi beta)]. Konten yang tersedia mencakup ringkasan artikel Wikipedia yang telah diurai, deskripsi, gambar utama, kotak info (''infobox''), bagian-bagian artikel, serta referensi. * Antarmuka REST API <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> tidak lagi digunakan dan akan dihentikan. [[phab:T393557|Penghentian layanan ini dijadwalkan]] pada 7 Juni 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration Dukungan terhadap IPv6] kini diperkenalkan melalui jaringan virtual Cloud yang baru, yang secara signifikan meningkatkan skalabilitas, keamanan, dan kesiapan platform Wikimedia untuk masa depan. Bagi kontributor teknis yang ingin mengetahui lebih lanjut, silakan membaca [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ artikel blog ini] untuk penjelasan mendalam mengenai perjalanan menuju IPv6. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Edisi kedua [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] tahun 2025, sebuah platform virtual bagi Wikimediawan Afrika untuk saling terhubung, akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 15 Mei pukul 17.00 UTC]. Edisi kali ini akan berfokus pada diskusi tentang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|perencanaan tahunan dan perkembangan Wikimedia]]. * Pertemuan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], sebuah forum virtual bagi para Wikimediawan di kawasan Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara (MENA) untuk saling terhubung, akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 17 Mei pukul 17.00 UTC]. Pendaftaran untuk mengikuti acara ini [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|telah dibuka]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Méi 2025 22.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == Join the 6th Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign – 2025 Edition == Dear Wikipedia community, (''Please help translate to your language'') We invite your community to participate in the 6th edition of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign]], a global campaign taking place from July 1 to August 31, 2025. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable photo from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests ([[:m:Wiki Loves Africa|Wiki Loves Africa]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Earth|Wiki Loves Earth]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments]], etc.) over the years. More than 80 Wikimedia affiliates have participated since the campaign was launched in 2020 and have added images to more than 400,000 Wikipedia articles in over 245 Wikipedia languages. Thanks to the volunteer contributors! We now invite your community to organize and lead the campaign within your community. As a local organizer, you may: *Encourage individual members to take part by adding images to Wikipedia articles. *Host edit-a-thons focused on improving visual content. *Organize training workshops to teach contributors how to correctly integrate images into Wikipedia. These activities will help build local capacity and increase visual content across Wikipedia. Please note that for participants to be eligible to participate in the campaign, they need to have registered an account for at least a year before the official start date of the contest. That is, for the 2025 edition, they must have registered an account on or before July 1, 2025. The account can be from any Wikimedia project wikis. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language Wikipedia. We would be glad for you to [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|sign up directly]] at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. With kind regards, [[User:Reading Beans]] On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025. [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Méi 2025 21.53 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:T Cells@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2025/Call_for_participation_letter/Village_pump&oldid=28751075 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan (Editing) Tim Pembelajaran Mesin (Machine Learning) tengah mengembangkan fitur baru yang ditujukan bagi penyunting baru, yaitu ''[[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]''. Fitur ini menggunakan model prediktif berbasis kecerdasan buatan untuk membantu penyunting meningkatkan nada bahasa dalam suntingan mereka agar lebih netral dan sesuai standar ensiklopedia. Kami mengundang sukarelawan untuk meninjau versi awal model bahasa ini yang tersedia dalam lima bahasa: Arab, Spanyol, Portugis, Inggris, dan Jepang. Pengguna dari wiki dengan bahasa-bahasa tersebut yang berminat memberikan masukan [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|dipersilakan mendaftar melalui MediaWiki.org]]. Pendaftaran dibuka hingga 23 Mei, yang juga menandai dimulainya masa uji coba. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai 20 Mei 2025, para [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|pengawas]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|pemeriksa]] diwajibkan mengamankan akun mereka dengan autentikasi dua faktor (2FA) agar tetap dapat menggunakan hak akses tingkat lanjut mereka. Seluruh pengguna dalam kedua kelompok ini yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA telah menerima pemberitahuan sebelumnya. Ke depannya, persyaratan ini mungkin akan diberlakukan pula bagi pengguna lain yang memiliki hak akses tingkat lanjut. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblokir]] (''Multiblocks'') akan mulai diterapkan secara massal pada akhir bulan ini. Seluruh proyek non-Wikipedia, beserta Wikipedia bahasa Katalan, akan mulai mengadopsi fitur ini pada pekan yang dimulai tanggal 26 Mei. Sementara itu, seluruh Wikipedia lainnya akan mengadopsinya pada pekan yang dimulai tanggal 2 Juni. Silakan hubungi [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|tim pengembang]] jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan atau kekhawatiran terkait penerapan ini. Para pengurus dapat mencoba antarmuka pengguna baru di wiki masing-masing dengan membuka halaman [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], dan dapat menguji seluruh fungsi multiblokir secara lengkap [[testwiki:Special:Block|di testwiki]]. Multiblokir memungkinkan pengurus menetapkan beberapa jenis pemblokiran secara bersamaan terhadap satu pengguna. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|halaman bantuan]] yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Pada akhir pekan ini, tampilan halaman [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]]—yang memuat daftar hampir semua halaman istimewa—akan diperbarui dengan desain baru. Pembaruan ini [[phab:T219543|dirancang]] untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna melalui beberapa fitur, termasuk kemampuan untuk mencari berdasarkan nama dan alias halaman istimewa, penyusunan daftar yang dapat diurutkan, penandaan yang lebih jelas untuk halaman istimewa yang terbatas aksesnya, dan tampilan yang lebih ramah untuk perangkat seluler. Versi baru ini sudah [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages dapat dilihat] di Beta Cluster, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui tugas yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi Chart]] akan diaktifkan di lebih banyak wiki. Untuk mengetahui jadwal lengkap penerapan ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, silakan lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|linimasa penerapannya]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] akan diterapkan pada tanggal 27 Mei di lima Wiktionary: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], dan [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maladewa]]. Ini merupakan gelombang kedua dari rencana penerapan proyek tersebut. Setelah diterapkan, proyek-proyek ini akan dapat memanggil [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|fungsi-fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] dan mengintegrasikannya ke dalam halaman mereka. Sebuah fungsi adalah mekanisme yang menerima satu atau lebih masukan dan mengubahnya menjadi keluaran yang diinginkan, misalnya menjumlahkan dua angka, mengonversi mil ke meter, menghitung waktu yang telah berlalu sejak suatu peristiwa, atau menurunkan kata ke dalam suatu bentuk gramatikal. Wikifunctions memungkinkan pengguna melakukan hal-hal tersebut melalui pemanggilan sederhana terhadap [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|fungsi global yang stabil]], tanpa perlu membuat templat lokal secara terpisah. * Pada akhir pekan ini, Wikimedia Foundation akan merilis sebuah pusat [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|eksperimen]]. Tujuan dari inisiatif ini adalah untuk menampilkan berbagai eksperimen produk serta mengumpulkan masukan dari para pengguna. Eksperimen-eksperimen ini dirancang untuk membantu gerakan Wikimedia [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|memahami perilaku pengguna baru]], cara mereka berinteraksi dengan internet, serta dampak potensialnya terhadap gerakan Wikimedia. Beberapa contoh eksperimen yang akan ditampilkan meliputi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|video hasil generatif]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|permainan ''Wikipedia speedrun'' di Roblox]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|bot untuk platform Discord]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya terdapat sebuah galat saat membuat akun melalui API. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gawai dan skrip pengguna yang berinteraksi dengan halaman [[{{#special:Block}}]] mungkin perlu diperbarui agar dapat berfungsi dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|antarmuka pengelolaan blokir]] yang baru. Silakan tinjau [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|panduan pengembang]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan atau mengalami kesulitan menyesuaikan skrip dengan antarmuka baru, mohon sampaikan hal tersebut kepada tim melalui [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|halaman pembicaraannya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Objek <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> memungkinkan Anda memperoleh informasi tentang halaman wiki tertentu menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Lua. Mulai pekan ini, objek tersebut akan dilengkapi dengan atribut baru bernama <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. Atribut ini memudahkan Anda untuk memeriksa apakah sebuah halaman merupakan halaman disambiguasi, tanpa perlu membuat fungsi khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para pengembang skrip pengguna kini dapat memanfaatkan perkakas [[toolforge:gitlab-content|''reverse proxy'' baru]] untuk memuat berkas JavaScript dan CSS dari [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] menggunakan <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. Pembuat perkakas ini berharap fitur tersebut akan memfasilitasi alur kerja pengembangan kolaboratif bagi skrip pengguna, termasuk pemeriksaan kode (''linting''), pengujian unit, pembuatan kode otomatis, serta tinjauan kode langsung di <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi>, tanpa perlu langkah salin-tempel terpisah untuk menerbitkan skrip ke wiki Wikimedia guna pengujian integrasi dan penerimaan. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan di halaman [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content di Wikitech]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Edisi ke-12 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], forum yang mempertemukan para peneliti untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai sisi proyek Wikimedia, akan diselenggarakan secara virtual pada 21–22 Mei. Pendaftaran bagi para peneliti [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ kini sudah dibuka]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Méi 2025 23.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Diskusi terbuka untuk seluruh komunitas mengenai isu yang sangat sensitif bagi pengembangan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] kini telah dimulai di Meta, yakni mengenai lokasi penyimpanan konten abstrak yang akan dikembangkan melalui fungsi dari Wikifunctions dan data dari Wikidata. Diskusi ini berlangsung hingga 12 Juni di halaman [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], dan setiap pendapat sangat dihargai. Keputusan akan diambil dan diumumkan oleh Wikimedia Foundation setelah masa konsultasi berakhir. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai pekan lalu, di semua wiki selain [[phab:T388604|20 wiki terbesar]], pengguna penyunting visual pada perangkat seluler kini dapat menggunakan sejumlah [[phab:T385851|perkakas tambahan melalui tombol baru]] bertanda <code>+</code> di bilah menu. Perkakas ini mencakup opsi untuk menambahkan referensi, aksara hieroglif, dan blok kode. Fitur ini [[phab:T388605|direncanakan]] akan diterapkan di wiki-wiki lainnya pada bulan Juni. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Fungsi pengurai <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> tidak lagi akan mencatat pranala ke halaman yang menjadi targetnya. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keakuratan halaman [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], yang ke depannya hanya akan menampilkan halaman yang benar-benar menjadi target dari pranala merah. Perubahan ini akan diterapkan secara bertahap seiring diperbaruinya halaman-halaman sumber. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * Pekan ini, tim Moderator Tools akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|sebuah penyaring baru pada fitur Perubahan Terbaru]], dimulai dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia. Penyaring ini dirancang untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi untuk dibatalkan (''reverted''). Tujuannya adalah untuk membantu para penyunting yang memantau Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali suntingan-suntingan yang mungkin bermasalah. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan mendapatkan manfaat dari penyaring ini di masa mendatang. * Saat mengeklik bilah pencarian yang masih kosong, pengguna yang belum masuk log akan melihat saran artikel untuk dibaca lebih lanjut. Fitur ini tersedia di versi desktop dan seluler. Pembaca Wikipedia bahasa Katalan, Ibrani, dan Italia, serta beberapa proyek saudari lainnya, akan mulai menerima pembaruan ini antara 21 Mei hingga pertengahan Juni. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan menyusul kemudian. Tujuan dari fitur ini adalah untuk mendorong pengguna agar lebih banyak membaca konten wiki. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Beberapa pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android kini dapat mencoba fitur baru bagi pembaca, yaitu [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], sebuah permainan trivia harian yang didasarkan pada peristiwa sejarah nyata. Fitur ini dirilis sebagai uji coba A/B dan tersedia bagi 50% pengguna dalam delapan bahasa: Inggris, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Ekstensi Newsletter]] yang tersedia di MediaWiki.org memungkinkan pembuatan [[mw:Special:Newsletters|berbagai nawala]] bagi pengguna global. Kini, ekstensi tersebut mendukung penerbitan edisi baru sebagai [[mw:Special:Newsletters|pranala bagian]] (''section link'') pada halaman yang sudah ada sehingga tidak lagi memerlukan halaman terpisah untuk setiap edisi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tampilan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> yang sebelumnya telah dinyatakan usang di [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] akan dihapus pada awal Juni mendatang. Pengguna disarankan untuk beralih menggunakan tampilan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> dan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> yang baru sebagai gantinya. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata dan Proyek Saudari]] (''Wikidata and Sister Projects'') merupakan acara daring yang berlangsung selama beberapa hari dengan fokus pada integrasi Wikidata ke dalam Wikipedia dan proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya. Acara ini akan diselenggarakan mulai 29 Mei hingga 1 Juni. [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|Jadwal acara sudah tersedia]] dan [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|pendaftaran]] dapat dilakukan sekarang. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Méi 2025 20.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi Chart]] kini tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Para penyunting dapat menggunakan ekstensi baru ini untuk membuat visualisasi data interaktif, seperti bagan batang, garis, area, dan lingkaran. Fitur ini dirancang untuk menggantikan banyak fungsi dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|ekstensi Graph]] versi lama. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengaturan kutipan otomatis di wiki kini menjadi lebih sederhana melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|pembuat kutipan]] di penyunting visual. Para pengurus wiki dapat menetapkan templat standar dengan menambahkan kunci <code dir=ltr>_default</code> di halaman lokal <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|contoh perubahan]]). Penetapan templat standar ini akan membantu menjaga kompatibilitas konfigurasi yang ada ketika [[phab:T347823|jenis butir baru]] ditambahkan di kemudian hari. Meskipun demikian, templat khusus untuk jenis butir tertentu tetap dapat ditetapkan dan akan diutamakan dibandingkan templat bawaan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan 2 Juni, bot yang menggunakan <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> atau <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> untuk masuk log akan lebih sering mengalami kegagalan. Hal ini merupakan bagian dari penerapan perlindungan yang lebih ketat terhadap upaya masuk yang mencurigakan. Bot yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|kata sandi bot]] (''bot password'') atau metode otentikasi tanpa proses masuk log seperti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] tidak akan terdampak. Jika bot Anda masih menggunakan metode lama tanpa kata sandi bot, sebaiknya segera diperbarui. Penggunaan <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> tanpa kata sandi bot telah tidak disarankan sejak [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|tahun 2016]]. Bagi sebagian besar bot, pembaruan ini cukup dengan mengganti kata sandi yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * Mulai pekan ini, wiki Wikimedia akan mendukung fitur JavaScript ES2017 untuk kode resmi, gawai, dan skrip pengguna. Salah satu fitur paling mencolok dari ES2017 adalah sintaks <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> yang memungkinkan penulisan kode menjadi lebih mudah dibaca. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2016, dan beberapa bulan sebelumnya terbatas pada ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pendaftaran beasiswa untuk mengikuti [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|Konferensi GLAM Wiki 2025]] kini telah dibuka. Konferensi ini akan diselenggarakan pada 30 Oktober hingga 1 November di Lisbon, Portugal. Kontributor GLAM yang tidak memiliki dukungan pendanaan untuk berpartisipasi dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|mengajukan permohonan]] melalui pranala ini. Batas waktu pengajuan beasiswa adalah 7 Juni. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Juni 2025 23.54 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Tim Trust and Safety]] sedang menyelesaikan pekerjaan terakhir untuk meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] di beberapa Wikipedia besar pada akhir bulan ini. Tim ini telah bekerja sama dengan para pengurus dan pengguna lain yang memiliki hak akses tingkat lanjut untuk memperkirakan serta mengantisipasi berbagai skenario penggunaan yang mungkin terjadi di wiki berukuran besar, agar anggota komunitas tetap dapat memoderasi dan memantau akun sementara secara efektif. Ini merupakan tahap kedua dari tiga tahap peluncuran. Tahap terakhir paling cepat akan dilakukan pada bulan September. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai perkembangan terbaru proyek ini, silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|lihat pembaruan ini]]. Jika Anda memiliki komentar atau pertanyaan, silakan tulis di [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|halaman pembicaraannya]], dan [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|ikuti acara CEE Catch Up]] pada hari Selasa ini. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|kedaluwarsa daftar pantauan]] memungkinkan penyunting memantau halaman untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Setelah waktu tersebut berakhir, halaman akan otomatis dihapus dari daftar pantauan. Mulai pekan ini, Anda dapat mengatur preferensi untuk menentukan jangka waktu bawaan dalam memantau halaman. [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|Preferensi]] ini juga memungkinkan Anda menetapkan durasi pantauan yang berbeda untuk penyuntingan halaman yang sudah ada, halaman yang Anda buat, serta saat menggunakan fitur pembatalan suntingan (''rollback''). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Berikut ini adalah tangkapan layar dari peningkatan visual yang diterapkan di halaman pembicaraan|Berikut adalah contoh halaman pembicaraan dengan desain baru dalam bahasa Prancis]] * Tampilan halaman pembicaraan akan mengalami perubahan di hampir semua Wikipedia ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|beberapa]] di antaranya sudah menerima pembaruan desain ini, sementara [[phab:T379264|sebagian lainnya]] akan mendapatkannya dalam waktu dekat). Anda dapat membaca rincian mengenai perubahan ini [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|di Diff]]. Jika Anda tidak ingin menggunakan tampilan baru ini, Anda dapat menonaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|preferensi pengguna]] dengan mematikan opsi "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan tertentu, seperti pengurus, birokrat, pemeriksa, pengawas, dan penatalayan, [[phab:T358853|sekarang dapat secara otomatis melihat]] alamat IP dari seluruh akun sementara selama jangka waktu tertentu. Fitur ini dirancang untuk membantu penanganan vandalisme yang dilakukan dengan cara berpindah-pindah akun secara cepat, dan disediakan berdasarkan permintaan dari para penatalayan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * Pekan ini, Tim Perkakas Moderator dan Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|peluncuran penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke beberapa Wikipedia lainnya. Penyaring ini menggunakan model Revert Risk yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi dibatalkan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengidentifikasi kontribusi yang mungkin bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di Wikipedia berikut: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}. Peluncuran ini akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa minggu mendatang hingga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting AbuseFilter yang aktif di Meta-Wiki dan Wikipedia berukuran besar dimohon untuk memperbarui AbuseFilter agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. Pranala ke petunjuk serta daftar tertutup penyaring yang perlu diperiksa [[phab:T369611|tersedia di Phabricator]]. * Modul Lua kini dapat mengakses nama keluku (''thumbnail'') yang berkaitan dengan suatu halaman, dan di [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 beberapa wiki] juga dapat mengakses informasi penilaian ProyekWiki. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat dua atribut baru pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|objek mw.title]], yaitu <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> dan <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Juni 2025 01.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Anda diundang untuk [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en mencalonkan perkakas favorit] dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren]] edisi keenam. Proses pencalonan bersifat anonim dan berlangsung hingga 25 Juni. Satu survei dapat digunakan beberapa kali untuk mengajukan lebih dari satu perkakas. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Staf Wikimedia Foundation dan sukarelawan teknis menggunakan API Wikimedia untuk membangun berbagai perkakas, aplikasi, fitur, dan integrasi yang meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna. Dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan berfokus pada pengembangan API web (HTTP) Wikimedia guna mendukung kebutuhan sukarelawan teknis sekaligus melindungi infrastruktur Wikimedia dari potensi penyalahgunaan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai rencana pengembangan API ini dapat [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ dibaca dalam tulisan di Techblog]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Juni 2025 23.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pekan ini, Tim Moderator Tools dan Tim Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan peluncuran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke kelompok Wikipedia ketiga sekaligus terakhir. Penyaring ini menggunakan model ''Revert Risk'' yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menandai suntingan yang kemungkinan besar akan dikembalikan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali kontribusi yang berpotensi bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/id}}. Peluncuran akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa pekan mendatang untuk mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] mulai diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Ceko, Korea, dan Turki. Minggu ini dan minggu depan, penerapan akan dilanjutkan ke Wikipedia dengan jumlah pengguna yang lebih besar. Silakan [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|bagikan pendapat Anda]] mengenai proyek ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Akhir pekan ini, Tim Penyuntingan (Editing) akan meluncurkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] ke seluruh Wikipedia (kecuali Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). Fitur ini menampilkan beberapa [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|pemeriksaan referensi]] saat pengguna menyunting, dengan tujuan mendorong mereka untuk menambahkan sumber ketika menambahkan beberapa paragraf baru dalam sebuah artikel. Sebelumnya, fitur ini diuji coba dalam uji A/B. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results Hasilnya menunjukkan] bahwa pengguna yang melihat beberapa pemeriksaan cenderung 1,3 kali lebih mungkin menambahkan referensi dalam suntingannya, dan suntingan mereka lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk dikembalikan (berkurang 34,7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * Beberapa nama halaman perlu diubah karena adanya pembaruan perangkat lunak dan penyesuaian dengan standar Unicode terbaru. Semua perubahan ini berkaitan dengan penulisan huruf kapital pada judul. Sekitar 71 halaman dan 3 berkas akan diubah namanya di 15 wiki; daftar lengkapnya tercantum dalam [[phab:T396903|tugas terkait]]. Para pengembang akan mengganti nama halaman-halaman tersebut pekan depan, dan beberapa menit setelahnya akan memperbaiki pengalihan serta pranala berkas yang tertanam melalui pembaruan pengaturan sistem. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu telah diperbaiki yang sebelumnya menyebabkan halaman menggulir ke atas saat teks di dekat bagian atas dipilih. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting kini dapat menggunakan modul Lua untuk menyaring dan mengolah data tabel agar dapat digunakan bersama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi:Chart]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan berbagai hal, seperti memilih sebagian baris atau kolom dari data sumber, mengubah satuan, melakukan pengolahan statistik, dan berbagai bentuk pengolahan data lainnya. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Informasi tentang cara menggunakan fitur ini tersedia]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * Variabel <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> dalam [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] kini diganti namanya menjadi <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> agar konsisten dengan variabel lainnya. Penggunaan nama lama masih tetap akan berfungsi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Isi pembaruan ini meliputi: peningkatan terbaru pada tugas "Tambahkan Pranala", dua fitur baru untuk mendukung keterlibatan pengguna baru, dan pembaruan pada pengaturan Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2025 23.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] kini telah tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia. Ekstensi ini dirancang untuk mempermudah penyelenggaraan dan keikutsertaan dalam berbagai kegiatan kolaboratif, seperti menyunting bareng (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki, langsung di wiki. Ekstensi ini menawarkan tiga fitur utama: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]], dan [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]]. Untuk mengajukan permintaan aktivasi ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|halaman informasi penyebaran]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pemelihara AbuseFilter kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|data reputasi IP]] dalam penyaringan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]. Data reputasi IP merupakan informasi mengenai proksi dan VPN yang terkait dengan alamat IP pengguna. Data ini tidak ditampilkan secara publik dan tidak dihasilkan untuk tindakan yang dilakukan oleh akun yang telah terdaftar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Konten tersembunyi dalam bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|halaman Wikipedia yang dapat dilipat]] (''collapsible'') sekarang akan terlihat ketika seseorang menggunakan fitur "Temukan di halaman" (Ctrl+F atau ⌘F) di peramban web yang mendukung fitur ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Templat Favorit]] (''Favourite Templates'') akan diluncurkan akhir pekan ini di semua proyek (kecuali Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, yang akan menerima fitur ini minggu depan), setelah melalui tahap uji coba di Wikipedia bahasa Polandia dan Arab, serta Wikisource bahasa Italia dan Inggris. Fitur ini mempermudah kontributor baru maupun berpengalaman dalam menemukan dan menggunakan templat melalui dialog templat, dengan memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan templat ke dalam "daftar favorit" khusus. Fitur ini dapat digunakan baik di penyunting visual maupun penyunting teks wiki. Fitur ini merupakan bagian dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|fokus harapan komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah kekutu telah diperbaiki yang sebelumnya menyebabkan beberapa Notifikasi terkirim lebih dari satu kali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Juni 2025 23.40 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Akun sementara]] telah diterapkan di 18 Wikipedia berukuran besar dan menengah, termasuk Wikipedia dalam bahasa Jerman, Jepang, Prancis, dan Tionghoa. Saat ini, sekitar sepertiga dari seluruh aktivitas pengguna yang tidak masuk log di berbagai wiki berasal dari akun sementara. Para pengguna yang terlibat dalam kegiatan patroli mungkin tertarik untuk melihat dua halaman dokumentasi baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Akses ke Alamat IP]], yang menjelaskan segala hal mengenai akses ke alamat IP akun sementara, serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repositori]], yang memuat daftar gawai dan skrip pengguna terbaru. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Siapa pun dapat mencoba permainan eksperimental baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], yang memungkinkan Anda menjelajahi Wikipedia dengan berpindah dari satu artikel ke artikel lain melalui klik, dengan tujuan mencapai halaman tertentu dalam langkah dan waktu sesingkat mungkin. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi cara-cara baru dalam melibatkan pembaca. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Cobalah permainan ini] dan sampaikan pendapat Anda kepada tim melalui [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|halaman pembicaraan]]. * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dalam beberapa bahasa kini dapat memainkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|permainan trivia]] baru bernama '''Apa yang lebih dulu?''' (''Which came first?''). Ini adalah permainan sejarah sederhana di mana Anda menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu pada tanggal hari ini. Sebelumnya, permainan ini tersedia dalam bentuk uji coba A/B, dan sekarang telah tersedia untuk semua pengguna dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Spanyol, Portugis, Rusia, Arab, Turki, dan Tionghoa. Fitur ini bertujuan untuk menarik minat generasi pembaca yang lebih baru. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS dalam beberapa bahasa mungkin akan melihat fitur penjelajahan dengan tab yang baru, yang memungkinkan membuka beberapa tab saat membaca. Fitur ini mempermudah menjelajahi topik-topik terkait dan berpindah antarartikel. Uji coba A/B fitur ini saat ini sedang berlangsung dalam bahasa Arab, Inggris, dan Jepang di wilayah tertentu. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|halaman proyek Penjelajahan dengan Tab]]. * Birokrat di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat menggunakan halaman [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] untuk memeriksa apakah seorang pengguna telah mengaktifkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua faktor]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur baru [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Pencarian dan Penelusuran Templat]] akan diterapkan di semua proyek Wikimedia pada akhir pekan ini: sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|penjelajah kategori templat]] akan diperkenalkan untuk membantu pengguna menemukan templat yang dapat dimasukkan ke dalam daftar "favorit" mereka. Penjelajah ini memungkinkan pengguna menelusuri daftar templat yang telah dikelompokkan dalam struktur kategori tertentu. Fitur ini merupakan permintaan dari komunitas melalui program [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|Harapan Komunitas]]. * Sekarang pengguna dapat mengakses preferensi daftar pantauan langsung dari halaman daftar pantauan. Selain itu, tombol yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk menyunting daftar pantauan dan dianggap tidak lagi diperlukan telah dihapus. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]], kini tersedia sistem Notifikasi bawaan terpadu yang mempermudah pengembang dalam mengirim, mengelola, dan menyesuaikan notifikasi. Silakan lihat dokumentasi terbaru di halaman [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], informasi tentang proses migrasi di tiket [[phab:T388663|T388663]], dan informasi tentang kait (''hooks'') yang tidak lagi digunakan di tiket [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], konferensi yang didedikasikan untuk Wikidata, kini telah dibuka untuk [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp pengajuan sesi] dan [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|pendaftaran peserta]]. Acara tahun ini akan diselenggarakan secara daring pada 31 Oktober – 2 November, dengan tema "Menghubungkan Orang melalui Data Terbuka Tertaut". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juli 2025 00.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 14 Juli 2025 12.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Templat pilihan]], sebuah fitur baru yang berkaitan dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Pencarian dan Penelusuran Templat]], akan diluncurkan pada pekan ini ke semua proyek Wikimedia. Dengan fitur ini, para penyunting dapat dengan mudah mengakses daftar templat yang kemungkinan besar berguna. Daftar ini akan ditampilkan di bawah tab "pilihan" pada antarmuka pencarian templat. Para pengurus dapat menentukan isi daftar ini melalui antarmuka Konfigurasi Komunitas. Fitur ini merupakan permintaan dari komunitas yang diajukan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|melalui Harapan Komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, permintaan untuk menambahkan huruf Malayalam pada perkakas [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export]] telah dipenuhi, dan sekarang huruf-huruf Malayalam pada buku hasil ekspor dari Wikisource sudah ditampilkan dengan benar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Para pengembang, desainer, dan seluruh kontributor Wikimedia diundang untuk [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ mengajukan ide proyek] untuk Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Baca artikel [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ di blog Diff] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pendaftaran beasiswa dan pengajuan program untuk [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] dibuka hingga 20 Juli pukul 23.59 GMT. WikiIndaba adalah konferensi regional bagi para kontributor Wikimedia dari Afrika, baik yang berada di benua Afrika maupun diaspora, untuk saling terhubung dan berkembang bersama. Segera [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform ajukan permohonan beasiswa] dan [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH usulan program] Anda. * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] akan diselenggarakan pada 19–20 Juli di Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Anggota komunitas Wikimedia di Brasil diimbau untuk mendaftar dan berpartisipasi dalam acara ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Juli 2025 20.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur Saran Terjemahan (''Translation Suggestions'') pada perkakas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Penerjemahan Konten]] kini memiliki tingkatan penyaring artikel tambahan dalam kategori "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... Lainnya]". Para penerjemah yang menggunakan fitur ini sekarang dapat memilih dan menerima saran artikel yang disesuaikan dengan wilayah yang mereka minati melalui penyaring "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" yang baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Para pengurus kini dapat membatasi fitur "Tambahkan Pranala" hanya untuk pengguna baru. Tugas Terstruktur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Tambahkan Pranala"]] dirancang untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|membantu pengguna akun baru untuk mulai menyunting]], tetapi beberapa komunitas meminta agar fitur ini dibatasi hanya untuk sasaran awalnya, yaitu pengguna baru. Pengurus dapat mengatur pembatasan ini melalui fitur [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Konfigurasi Komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Bagi penyunting AbuseFilter di [[phab:T392144|beberapa wiki]], kini dimungkinkan untuk memilih suntingan berdasarkan skor RevertRisk dari suntingan yang sedang dicoba. Skor ini hanya tersedia jika tindakan yang dievaluasi adalah sebuah suntingan. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan lihat dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|variabel-variabel ORES/AbuseFilter]]. * Wiki di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Kluster Beta]] (''Beta Cluster'') [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|telah dipindahkan]] dari <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> ke <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Pengguna mungkin perlu memperbarui URL di perkakas yang sedang digunakan atau di pengelola kata sandi mereka. Jika ada masalah mengenai hal ini, silakan [[phab:T289318|laporkan melalui tugas yang tersedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] akan diselenggarakan pada 29–31 Agustus, secara daring dan luring di Bern, Swiss. Tujuan acara ini adalah untuk mempererat kembali hubungan antara komunitas, lembaga, dan individu yang bekerja dengan rujukan terbuka, data kepustakaan, serta ekosistem Wikidata/Wikibase. Pendaftaran sudah dibuka, dan pengumuman pengajuan proposal akan segera diumumkan. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2025 23.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Dalam beberapa bulan ke depan, Tim Teknologi Komunitas (''Community Tech'') akan memusatkan perhatian mereka pada permintaan fitur yang berkaitan dengan Daftar Pantauan dan halaman Perubahan Terbaru. Mereka mengundang masukan dari komunitas. Silakan baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|kabar terbaru]], dan jika Anda memiliki ide, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|ajukanlah permintaan fitur]] yang sesuai dengan topik tersebut. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Komunitas Wikimedia Commons telah memutuskan untuk memblokir [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|unggahan lintas wiki]] ke Wikimedia Commons bagi semua pengguna yang belum memiliki hak terkonfirmasi otomatis di wiki tersebut mulai 16 Agustus. Keputusan ini diambil karena adanya [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|banyak masalah]] yang berhubungan dengan berkas yang diunggah oleh pengguna baru. Pengguna yang terdampak akan menerima pesan galat disertai pranala menuju UploadWizard di Commons yang memiliki pembatasan lebih ringan. Mohon bantu menerjemahkan [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|pesan tersebut]] atau berikan masukan mengenai isi pesannya. Jangan lupa untuk memperbarui halaman bantuan di wiki Anda agar menjelaskan pembatasan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * Di sejumlah wiki yang telah mengaktifkan akun sementara dan di Meta-Wiki, para pengurus kini dapat menambahkan catatan kaki pada halaman Special:Contributions untuk akun sementara. Fungsinya mirip dengan catatan kaki yang dapat ditampilkan pada halaman kontribusi alamat IP maupun akun pengguna. Pengurus dapat menambahkan catatan kaki tersebut dengan membuat halaman bernama <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 6–9 Agustus. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ Program acara sudah diumumkan] sehingga Anda dapat merencanakan sesi mana yang ingin ditonton. Sebagian besar sesi akan disiarkan secara langsung, kecuali yang ditandai dengan ikon "tanpa kamera". Jika Anda ingin bergabung secara daring untuk menonton siaran langsung dan menggunakan fitur interaktif, silakan [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|mendaftar]] untuk mendapatkan tiket virtual gratis. Beberapa sesi teknis yang mungkin menarik bagi Anda, antara lain: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Akun Sementara: Meningkatkan Privasi bagi Penyunting Tak Terdaftar] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Membangun Masa Depan yang Berkelanjutan bagi Kontributor Wikimedia] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ Selusin Gagasan tentang Wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Koordinasi Antarpemangku Kepentingan bersama Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Gugur 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 28–30 Oktober 2025 di Hannover, Jerman. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Anda dapat mengajukan sesi dan mendaftar untuk berpartisipasi dalam acara ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juli 2025 00.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting kini dapat mengaktifkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|Kartu Info Pengguna]] (''User Info Card''). Fitur ini menambahkan sebuah ikon di samping nama pengguna dalam halaman riwayat dan halaman log kontribusi pengguna. Ketika ikon tersebut diklik atau diketuk, informasi tentang akun tersebut akan ditampilkan, seperti jumlah suntingan, jumlah suntingan yang dibatalkan, pemblokiran, dan lainnya. Fitur ini merupakan bagian dari proyek yang lebih luas untuk memudahkan para moderator menilai tingkat kepercayaan suatu akun. Fitur ini dapat diaktifkan melalui [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferensi global Anda]], dan akan tersedia di preferensi lokal dalam beberapa hari ke depan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Silakan sampaikan komentar Anda mengenai proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Kontribusi Kolaboratif]] (''Collaborative Contributions'') yang baru diluncurkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|tim Connection]]. Proyek ini bertujuan menghadirkan cara baru untuk menampilkan dampak dari kegiatan penyuntingan bersama, seperti menyunting bersama (''edit-a-thon''), penyelesaian timbunan tugas, dan ProyekWiki di wiki. Komentar Anda dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|halaman pembicaraan proyeknya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Para pengurus kini dapat menetapkan jangka waktu pemblokiran standar untuk akun sementara. Untuk melakukannya, halaman bernama <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> perlu dibuat terlebih dahulu dan mengisinya dengan salah satu nilai yang tersedia di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. Pengaturan ini memungkinkan pengurus memblokir akun sementara selama 90 hari dengan mudah, yang secara fungsional setara dengan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu. Keuntungan dari pendekatan ini adalah daftar pemblokiran di Special:BlockList tidak menjadi penuh. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|Dokumentasi lebih lanjut]] telah tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sekarang gawai dapat menggunakan berkas <code dir=ltr>.vue</code>, yang mempermudah pengembangan antarmuka modern dengan [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]]. Ini sangat membantu terutama bagi yang ingin memanfaatkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], yaitu sistem desain resmi Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Ikon Codex]] juga bisa dimuat langsung melalui definisi gawainya. Untuk skrip pengguna yang menggunakan Vue.js, tersedia [[mw:API:CodexIcons|modul API]] baru untuk memuat ikon Codex. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|Dokumentasi]] lengkap beserta contoh penggunaan dapat ditemukan di halaman yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Pengembang modul kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|antarmuka Lua]] untuk mempermudah penyiapan modul Lua agar dapat diterjemahkan di Meta-Wiki. Pembaruan ini memudahkan penerjemah dalam menemukan dan mengedit teks dalam modul tanpa harus berurusan langsung dengan kode Lua mentah, serta membantu mencegah kesalahan yang dapat merusak modul saat diterjemahkan. Pengembang modul dan penerjemah diundang untuk [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|menonton video peraga]], membaca informasi lebih lanjut tentang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|modul yang dapat diterjemahkan]], melihat contoh penggunaan di [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] di Meta-Wiki, dan [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|memberikan masukan]] apakah fitur ini membantu mengatasi tantangan dalam alur kerja mereka. Namun, antarmuka ini masih memiliki beberapa masalah kinerja sehingga belum disarankan untuk digunakan pada modul-modul yang dipakai secara luas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Mulai Agustus, [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] akan diterapkan lebih ketat karena adanya perayap (''crawler'') eksternal yang [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|membebani]] sumber daya Wikimedia secara berlebihan. Para pengembang perkakas eksternal yang mengakses halaman Wikimedia wajib menetapkan ''user-agent'' yang sesuai dengan kebijakan tersebut. Perkakas yang dijalankan di Toolforge atau Cloud VPS Wikimedia untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak, tetapi tetap dianjurkan untuk mengatur ''user-agent'' yang benar. [[phab:T400119|Informasi teknis lebih lanjut telah tersedia]], dan pertanyaan-pertanyaan dapat diajukan melalui tugas yang bersangkutan. * Parsoid Read Views akan mulai diterapkan di beberapa Wikipedia berukuran kecil dalam beberapa minggu ke depan, menyusul keberhasilan transisi Wikivoyage dan Wiktionary ke Parsoid Read Views. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan kunjungi halaman proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 6–9 Agustus. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ Program acara sudah diumumkan] sehingga Anda dapat merencanakan sesi mana yang ingin ditonton. Sebagian besar sesi akan disiarkan secara langsung, kecuali yang ditandai dengan ikon "tanpa kamera". Jika Anda ingin bergabung secara daring untuk menonton siaran langsung dan menggunakan fitur interaktif, silakan [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|mendaftar]] untuk mendapatkan tiket virtual gratis. Beberapa sesi teknis yang mungkin menarik bagi Anda, antara lain: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Infrastruktur pengetahuan Wikimedia di tengah perubahan internet: Membangun jalur berkelanjutan untuk penggunaan ulang konten] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions akan segera hadir di wiki Anda!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Membentuk Masa Depan Pengalaman Pembaca Wikipedia] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Membuat Wikipedia Lebih Nyaman Dibaca: Langkah Selanjutnya] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Agustus 2025 03.39 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Bilah perkakas WikiEditor kini akan menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|pintasan papan tik]] pada keterangan (''tooltip'') setiap tombolnya. Hal ini membantu pengguna lebih mudah mengetahui dan menggunakan fitur tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan sejumlah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|usulan percobaan]] yang dapat dilakukan oleh Wikimedia Foundation untuk meningkatkan komunikasi dengan komunitas. Masukan terhadap usulan ini dapat disampaikan hingga 22 Agustus di [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Bilah pencarian pada tampilan Minerva (versi seluler) telah diperbarui untuk menggunakan komponen pencarian dengan saran otomatis yang sama seperti yang digunakan pada tampilan Vector 2022. Tidak ada perubahan pada fungsi pencarian. Namun, terdapat sedikit perubahan tampilan. Secara khusus, tombol untuk menutup pencarian kini berubah dari ikon "X" menjadi panah kembali. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk membedakan tombol tersebut dari ikon "X" lainnya yang digunakan untuk menghapus teks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Para penyunting di beberapa wiki akan melihat tombol baru untuk mengaktifkan opsi "Kelompokkan hasil berdasarkan halaman" di halaman daftar pantauan, perubahan terkait, dan perubahan terbaru. Ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|uji coba A/B]] yang dijadwalkan mulai pada 11 Agustus dan akan berlangsung selama 3 hingga 6 minggu di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Mandarin, Ceko, Prancis, Yunani, Portugis, dan Urdu. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah membuat fitur ini lebih mudah ditemukan dapat memengaruhi kemampuan penyunting dalam menemukan suntingan yang mereka cari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kumpulan [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|data Unicode]] lintas wiki telah dipindahkan ke [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] di Wikimedia Commons, sesuai dengan gagasan "Satu sumber data bersama untuk berbagai wiki lokal". Sebagian besar wiki telah diperbarui untuk menggunakan versi yang ada di Commons. Jika memiliki pertanyaan, Anda dapat mengajukannya di [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|halaman pembicaraan]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Kode Lua kini dapat menampilkan lebih dari satu peringatan menggunakan fungsi <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code>. Sebelumnya, peringatan baru akan menggantikan peringatan lama, tetapi sekarang beberapa peringatan dapat ditampilkan sekaligus. Jika Anda mengelola modul Lua yang menggunakan peringatan, disarankan untuk memeriksa kembali apakah modul tersebut masih berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Agustus 2025 23.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pada pekan ini, pengguna yang masuk log dan mengaktifkan [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Fitur Beta]] "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Perkakas Diskusi]]" akan dapat mengucapkan "Terima kasih" pada komentar tertentu langsung di halaman pembicaraan, tanpa harus membuka riwayat halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Cari tahu lebih lanjut mengenai fitur ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * Uji A/B yang membandingkan dua versi pranala donasi di desktop telah diluncurkan di testwiki pada 12 Agustus dan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada 14 Agustus, untuk 0,1% pengguna yang tidak masuk log di situs desktop. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama tiga pekan dan berakhir pada 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * Uji A/A untuk mengukur dasar tingkat keterlibatan pembaca telah diluncurkan pada 12 Agustus menggunakan [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. Percobaan ini mengukur persentase pengguna yang kembali mengunjungi wiki setelah kunjungan pertama mereka dalam kurun waktu 14 hari. Tidak ada perubahan tampilan yang diharapkan. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung hingga 31 Agustus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Lima wiki baru telah dirilis: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/id}} dalam [[d:Q34057|bahasa Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/id}} dalam [[d:Q36213|bahasa Madura]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q3450749|bahasa Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/id}} dalam [[d:Q13324|bahasa Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q7598268|bahasa Amazigh Maroko Standar]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:46}} {{PLURAL:46|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Agustus 2025 00.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para pembuat templat kini dapat menggunakan lebih banyak properti CSS karena pemindai CSS yang digunakan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] telah diperbarui. Contohnya: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>, satuan relatif seperti <code>lh</code>, dan teks yang dapat disesuaikan <code>list-style-type</code>. Perbaikan ini merupakan bagian dari usulan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * Pada wiki berukuran besar, jangka waktu bawaan untuk menampilkan suntingan di halaman Special:RecentChanges kini diubah dari 7 hari menjadi 1 hari. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya meningkatkan kinerja dan tidak akan memengaruhi pengalaman pengguna karena volume suntingan di wiki tersebut sangat tinggi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Para pengurus kini dapat membuka halaman [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] melalui daftar halaman [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]]. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan halaman tersebut untuk ditemukan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Video-video yang ada di Wikimedia Commons sebelumnya tidak muncul pada tab Video di Google Penelusuran. Masalah ini telah diteliti dan dilaporkan kepada Google, dan kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q33014|bahasa Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:39}} {{PLURAL:39|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Dua kolom pada tabel [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|basis data recentchanges]] akan dihapus. Kolom <code>rc_new</code> dan <code>rc_type</code> akan digantikan dengan <code>rc_source</code>. Mulai pekan ini, permintaan yang masih menggunakan kolom lama tersebut akan gagal sehingga pengembang perlu beralih ke <code>rc_source</code>. Kolom lama itu sudah dinyatakan usang lebih dari 10 tahun lalu dan seharusnya tidak lagi digunakan. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya meningkatkan kinerja dan kestabilan permintaan pada tabel recentchanges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Nawala triwulanan Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] kini sudah tersedia. Edisi ini berisi tentang dukungan bahasa baru di MediaWiki dan translatewiki, dimulainya proyek Pengenalan dan Pengembangan Bahasa untuk mendukung pertumbuhan wiki baru dan kecil, kabar terbaru dari berbagai proyek penelitian, serta informasi lainnya. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa]] berikutnya akan berlangsung pada 29 Agustus [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Pertemuan minggu ini akan membahas pengembang papan ketik Avro dari Wikimedia Bangladesh yang baru-baru ini meraih penghargaan nasional atas kontribusi mereka terhadap papan ketik tersebut, dan topik lainnya. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Agustus 2025 00.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') ingin menyusun daftar templat, istilah khusus, dan kebijakan yang biasanya digunakan dalam ringkasan suntingan ketika ada pelanggaran hak cipta yang dihapus. Daftar ini akan membantu mereka mengetahui jumlah suntingan yang dibatalkan karena masalah hak cipta. Kami mengundang anggota komunitas dari wiki berikut untuk mencantumkan istilah-istilah tersebut di [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], atau berbagi daftarnya kepada [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/id}}. Proyek ini berlangsung hingga 9 September 2025. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] kini telah diaktifkan di semua Wikisource. Ekstensi ini akan memudahkan penyelenggaraan dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan kolaborasi, seperti menyunting bersama (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki di proyek-proyek tersebut. Ekstensi ini memiliki tiga fitur utama: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]]. Untuk mengajukan permintaan agar ekstensi ini diaktifkan di wiki Anda, silakan kunjungi halaman Deployment information. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * Daftar yang ada di bagian bawah antarmuka penyuntingan, seperti "Templat yang digunakan di halaman ini", kini akan ditata dalam bentuk kolom jika ruangnya mencukupi. Peningkatan ini membantu mengurangi kebutuhan menggulir layar saat menyunting artikel panjang di Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * Pada 3 September 2025, kami akan menaikkan persentase pengambilan sampel dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|uji coba pengelompokan dengan tombol pilihan]] di halaman <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, dan <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> di Wikipedia bahasa Tionghoa, Prancis, dan Portugis menjadi 100 persen sehingga lebih banyak penyunting dapat ikut serta dalam percobaan ini. Penyesuaian ini bertujuan agar tersedia cukup data untuk membuat keputusan yang lebih tepat saat mengevaluasi hasil percobaan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Mulai pekan 22 September, pengguna yang belum masuk log akan melihat saran artikel saat mengklik bilah pencarian kosong di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Fitur ini tersedia di komputer dan ponsel. Wiki yang menggunakan bahasa selain bahasa Inggris telah menerima perubahan ini pada Juni dan Juli. Tujuan fitur ini adalah membantu pengguna lebih mudah dalam menemukan artikel. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:37}} {{PLURAL:37|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Wikifunctions kini memiliki kemampuan baru bernama "tipe enumerasi ringan". Tipe enumerasi merupakan sekumpulan nilai tetap yang ditentukan dalam definisi sebuah tipe. Fitur ini membuat pembuatan tipe semacam itu menjadi lebih cepat dan sederhana, serta memungkinkan penggunaan kembali nilai yang sudah tersedia di Wikidata. Berikut ini adalah [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|nawala]] untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Nawala Pembaca (''Readers'')]] terbaru kini sudah tersedia. Edisi kali ini mencakup pembentukan dua tim baru: Pertumbuhan Pembaca dan Pengalaman Pembaca; wawasan tentang penurunan jumlah tayangan halaman dan pembuatan akun; sorotan dari panel Wikimania Nairobi mengenai peningkatan pengalaman membaca; rencana percobaan untuk melibatkan pembaca baru maupun lama; dan berbagai informasi lainnya. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Sorotan beberapa sesi di Wikimania 2025: ** Mengenali teks yang dibuat oleh AI dengan mencari ISBN yang gagal dalam pemeriksaan ceksum (''checksum''): Mathias Schindler dari WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s berbagi perkakas untuk membantu komunitas dalam melakukan pencarian ini]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ ''La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs'' (Keberlanjutan gerakan Wikimedia menghadapi tantangan saat ini dan di masa depan)]: Sesi ini membahas bagaimana Wikimedia dapat tetap menjadi sumber pengetahuan yang tepercaya di tengah era AI generatif, banjir informasi, dan disinformasi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Séptémber 2025 20.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan sedang menyiapkan fitur baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]]. Fitur ini akan memberi peringatan kepada pengguna baru ketika mereka menempelkan teks ke Wikipedia bahwa isi tersebut mungkin tidak bisa diterima. Tujuannya adalah membantu memastikan konten baru yang ditambahkan sesuai dengan komitmen gerakan untuk menyediakan informasi berlisensi bebas. Uji coba fitur ini akan segera dilakukan di beberapa wiki. Jika komunitas Anda ingin ikut serta, silakan [[phab:T403680|sampaikan melalui tugas ini]] atau [[mw:Talk:Edit check|hubungi tim terkait]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dalam pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" dapat memakai [[w:en:Lint (software)|perkakas pemeriksa]] untuk menampilkan kesalahan atau masalah lain dalam teks wiki secara langsung. Silakan kunjungi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|halaman bantuan untuk informasi selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Saat mengakses wiki, misalnya <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>, halaman biasanya muncul dalam dua bentuk: versi desktop atau dialihkan ke versi seluler di domain dengan huruf "m" (seperti <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Dalam tiga pekan ke depan, MediaWiki akan menayangkan versi seluler langsung melalui domain utama tanpa perlu pengalihan. Perubahan ini tidak akan memengaruhi alamat m-dot yang sudah ada atau pilihan untuk tetap menggunakan tampilan desktop. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * Ketika sebuah suntingan mengubah kategori pada sebuah halaman, pembaruan jumlah anggota kategori kini dilakukan secara tidak langsung (asinkron). Cara ini membuat penyimpanan suntingan menjadi lebih cepat, terutama saat banyak halaman dipindahkan ke atau dari kategori yang sama, serta mengurangi risiko gangguan pada situs. Namun, jumlah yang ditampilkan mungkin masih memuat informasi lama selama beberapa menit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Suntingan di Wikidata pada penjelas (atribut dan nilai) maupun referensi (atribut dan nilai) dalam sebuah pernyataan kini tidak lagi muncul di halaman Perubahan Terbaru atau Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain. Perubahan ini hanya sementara untuk memperbaiki kinerja sambil menunggu solusi lain. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tetap tidak berubah. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Wiki-wiki berbahasa Jepang telah mendapatkan peningkatan besar pada cara kerja fitur pencariannya. Pencarian yang baru ini umumnya akan memberikan hasil yang lebih tepat dan lebih relevan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Séptémber 2025 01.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Daftar referensi yang dibuat dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> kini akan otomatis ditampilkan dalam bentuk kolom pada tampilan Vector 2022, jika pembaca menggunakan pengaturan "standar" untuk ukuran teks dan lebar halaman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Mulai pekan 6 Oktober, pada [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|wiki kecil]] dan [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|menengah]] yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|ekstensi CampaignEvents]], semua pengguna dengan status terkonfirmasi otomatis dapat menjadi penyelenggara melalui fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]]. Untuk [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|wiki berukuran besar]], perubahan hanya berlaku jika diajukan melalui Phabricator. Langkah ini bertujuan memudahkan lebih banyak orang memakai Pendaftaran Acara, terutama di wiki yang belum memiliki aturan khusus tentang hak Penyelenggara Acara. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Pengguna yang melakukan pencarian dengan ekspresi reguler (regex) kini dapat menggunakan fitur tambahan, antara lain: ** untuk kata kunci <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code>: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metakarakter]] penanda awal baris (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) dan akhir baris (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** untuk kata kunci <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> dan <code dir=ltr>insource:</code>: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|kelas karakter singkat]] untuk angka (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), spasi kosong (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), dan huruf/angka (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|kode untuk pindah baris]] (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), baris baru (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tabulasi (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), dan Unicode (misalnya <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * Saat Anda mencari teks yang menyerupai alamat IP, sistem sekarang akan menampilkan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, pencarian tersebut langsung mengarahkan ke kontribusi dari alamat IP tersebut, alih-alih menampilkan hasil pencariannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Semua wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya baca]] selama beberapa menit pada 24 September. Jadwal ini direncanakan pada pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan untuk uji coba cadangan pemindahan peladen pusat data yang berlangsung dua kali dalam setahun. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|membaca latar belakang dan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai proses ini di blog Diff]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, ada kekutu perangkat lunak yang membuat masalah saat pengguna memakai tab halaman untuk pindah dari menyunting teks wiki ke penyunting VisualEditor pada sebuah bagian. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang merancang ulang REST API Sandbox Wikimedia dengan Codex. Jika Anda memiliki masukan tentang cara meningkatkan dokumentasi API atau hal-hal yang membuat pengalaman pengembang lebih mudah (atau justru menyulitkan), Anda diundang untuk [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm ikut serta dalam wawancara penjajakan yang akan datang], atau [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|menyampaikan masukan di wiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Penyuntingan alias di Wikidata (nama lain untuk sebuah butir atau properti) kini akan lebih jarang ditampilkan di Perubahan Terbaru dan Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain sehingga mengurangi pemberitahuan yang tidak perlu. Dengan demikian, jumlah entri yang dianggap "berisik" akan berkurang. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tidak mengalami perubahan. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * Versi baru [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] telah dirilis. [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Kumpulan data]] di Wikimedia Commons untuk [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] sudah diperbarui. Wikipedia yang tidak menggunakan kumpulan data dari Commons sebaiknya memperbarui data mereka sendiri atau beralih menggunakan kumpulan data dari Commons. * Pengguna titik akhir [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents kini dapat mengakses [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Tabel Terurai] (''Parsed Tables''). Fitur baru ini mengekstrak dan menyajikan tabel Wikipedia dalam bentuk JSON terstruktur. Hal ini meningkatkan keterbacaan oleh mesin sebagai bagian dari [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ inisiatif Structured Contents]. Hasil dari ''Structured Contents'' tersedia secara gratis melalui [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta API sesuai permintaan], atau melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia. * [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset Sekumpulan data berisi informasi biografi dari Wikipedia bahasa Inggris] yang disediakan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] telah diterbitkan di Kaggle untuk keperluan evaluasi dan penelitian. Data terstruktur ini mencakup lebih dari 1,5 juta biografi, termasuk tanggal lahir dan meninggal, riwayat pendidikan, afiliasi, karier, penghargaan, dan lain-lain (berdasarkan cuplikan data bulan Juni 2024). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Pendaftaran beasiswa]] Wikimania 2026 di Paris, Prancis, telah dibuka hingga 31 Oktober. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Séptémber 2025 17.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 Pada 24 September pukul 15.00 UTC], semua pengguna situs Wikimedia akan mengalami jeda singkat, di mana situs hanya dapat dibaca karena adanya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|pengalihan peladen pusat data]] yang terjadwal. Tim Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) dari Wikimedia Foundation akan mengalihkan seluruh lalu lintas dari peladen utama ke peladen cadangan. Anda dapat mendengarkan proses pengalihan ini melalui perkakas [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"], di mana selama beberapa menit suntingan akan berhenti saat fase hanya-baca, lalu akan kembali berlanjut. Pengalihan pusat data yang dilakukan dua kali setahun ini bertujuan menjaga keandalan dengan menguji pusat data cadangan, sehingga situs tetap dapat diakses meskipun pusat data utama mengalami gangguan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai proses ini dapat [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|dibaca di blog Diff]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting di [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 Wiktionary lainnya]] akan segera dapat memanggil [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|berbagai fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] dan menggunakannya di halaman mereka. Fungsi ini bekerja dengan menerima satu atau beberapa masukan lalu mengubahnya menjadi keluaran yang diinginkan, misalnya menjumlahkan angka, mengonversi mil ke meter, menghitung selisih waktu, atau mengubah kata sesuai bentuk kasusnya. Fitur tersebut merupakan kelanjutan dari [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary bahasa lain]] yang sudah lebih dulu memiliki akses terhadap pemanggilan Wikifunctions secara langsung. Pada akhir tahun ini, akses tersebut juga akan diperluas ke lebih banyak Wiktionary dan ke Incubator. * Sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|fungsi pengurai]] baru telah ditambahkan: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Penyunting templat dan pengurus dapat menggunakannya untuk menampilkan nama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|model konten]] sebuah halaman, baik dalam bentuk yang sudah diterjemahkan maupun dalam nama bakunya. Fungsi ini mempermudah pembuatan dan penyuntingan pesan sistem, seperti ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', bahkan ketika jenis halaman berganti, misalnya antarhalaman wiki, JavaScript, CSS, atau JSON. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Menambah atau menyunting <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> dalam sebuah artikel dengan menggunakan VisualEditor kini tidak lagi bermasalah. Penyunting yang menggunakan mode VisualEditor untuk mengubah <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> tidak akan melihat teks "DISPLAYTITLE" secara langsung, atau padanan katanya dalam bahasa lokal, yang ditambahkan ke artikelnya. Daftar halaman yang kemungkinan terdampak dan mungkin perlu diperbaiki telah didokumentasikan di [[phab:P83438|tiket ini]]. * Pengguna beta aplikasi Wikipedia di Android sekarang bisa mencoba tampilan baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|tab Aktivitas]], yang menggantikan tab Suntingan. Melalui tab ini, pengguna dapat melihat ringkasan pribadi seputar kegiatan membaca, menyunting, dan berdonasi, dengan navigasi yang lebih sederhana dan pengalaman aplikasi yang lebih menyenangkan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:12}} {{PLURAL:12|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Pengguna Wikifunctions kini dapat mengimpor berbagai data penting dari Wikidata, seperti nilai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|koordinat geografis]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|besaran]], dan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|waktu]]. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat penambahan jenis data khusus di Wikifunctions untuk nilai-nilai tersebut, sehingga dapat digunakan oleh fungsi-fungsi di dalam Wikifunctions. Untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut cara kerjanya, Anda dapat menonton [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|video penjelasan]] serta membaca nawala Wikifunctions [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|1 Agustus]] (tentang besaran) dan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|22 Agustus]] (tentang koordinat geografis). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 Séptémber 2025 22.54 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[phab:|Phabricator]] baru saja mendapatkan pembaruan besar. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kinerja, tampilan pencarian yang lebih segar, pencarian tugas di Maniphest yang lebih baik, pembaruan pada profil pengguna dan papan kerja proyek, fitur otomatisasi Herald yang diperluas, serta perbaikan umum pada kolom masukan teks, pengalaman di perangkat seluler, dan berbagai peningkatan lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Teknologi Komunitas (''Community Tech'') akan merilis ekstensi baru Community Wishlist pada 1 Oktober, yang akan meningkatkan cara pengajuan usulan. Ekstensi baru ini memungkinkan pengguna menambahkan tag atau penanda pada usulan mereka agar lebih mudah dikategorikan, dan (pada pengembangan berikutnya) dapat disaring berdasarkan status, tag, serta bidang fokus. Pengguna juga akan kembali dapat mendukung usulan tertentu, seperti yang telah banyak diminta komunitas. Sistem lama akan dihentikan. Akan ada jeda singkat saat ekstensi ini dipasang dan usulan dipindahkan ke sistem baru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dibaca pada [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|kabar terbaru]] atau melalui [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|dokumentasi yang tersedia di MediaWiki]]. * Sebagaimana diumumkan di [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|blog Diff]], uji coba layanan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] untuk deteksi bot kini telah dimulai. Dalam uji coba ini, hCaptcha digunakan untuk melindungi proses pembuatan akun di Wikipedia bahasa Tionghoa, Persia, Portugis, Indonesia, Jepang, dan Turki, menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] lama (FancyCaptcha). Uji coba ini bertujuan meningkatkan efektivitas pemblokiran bot sekaligus memberikan pengalaman yang lebih mudah diakses dan ramah bagi pengguna yang harus menyelesaikan tantangan CAPTCHA. * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] telah diterapkan di Wikimedia Commons. Ekstensi ini memudahkan penyelenggaraan dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan kolaboratif, seperti maraton menyunting (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki di berbagai wiki. Di Commons, setiap pengguna terdaftar dapat menggunakannya sebagai peserta acara. Namun, untuk berperan sebagai penyelenggara, seseorang perlu memiliki [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|hak sebagai penyelenggara acara]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], fitur baru untuk menggunakan ulang referensi dengan detail yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. Fitur ini dapat [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|diuji di testwiki]] dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Silakan bagikan pendapat Anda mengenai [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|penggunaan templat dalam subreferensi]] atau [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|bergabung menjadi wiki uji coba]]. * Di wiki yang menggunakan sistem [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]], komunitas kini dapat mengecualikan penyunting berpengalaman dari program Mentorship melalui [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Dalam pengaturan ini, komunitas dapat menentukan batasan berdasarkan jumlah suntingan dan usia akun untuk menetapkan kapan seorang penyunting dianggap cukup berpengalaman sehingga tidak lagi menerima pendampingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * Tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') dan tim Pembelajaran Mesin (''Machine Learning'') sedang mengembangkan pemeriksaan baru untuk penyunting baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Pemeriksa Nada Bahasa]]. Dengan menggunakan model prediksi berbasis kecerdasan buatan, pemeriksaan ini akan mendorong penyunting memperbaiki nada tulisan mereka. Kami mengundang sukarelawan untuk meninjau versi pertama dari model bahasa nada bahasa dalam bahasa-bahasa berikut: Arab, Ceko, Jerman, Ibrani, Indonesia, Belanda, Polandia, Rusia, Turki, Tionghoa, Persia, Italia, Norwegia, Rumania, dan Latvia. Pengguna dari wiki-wiki tersebut yang berminat meninjau model ini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|mendaftar di MediaWiki.org]]. Batas waktu pendaftaran adalah 3 Oktober, yang juga menjadi tanggal dimulainya uji coba. * Penerapan [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|pemblokiran simultan]] (''multiblocks'') menyebabkan efek samping, di mana log pemblokiran yang sudah tidak aktif mungkin muncul di {{#special:Contributions}} serta di halaman pengguna dan halaman diskusi pengguna yang diblokir. Masalah ini diperkirakan akan selesai sepenuhnya dalam beberapa hari ke depan. Sebagai bagian dari perbaikan, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} pesan dengan awalan <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] akan dihapus dan diganti dengan [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} pesan berawalan <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] dalam beberapa pekan ke depan. Mohon bantuannya untuk menerjemahkan pesan-pesan baru ini dan memperbarui pengaturan lokal jika diperlukan. * Telah ditemukan kekutu pada pranala yang dibuat menggunakan penyunting visual jika mengandung karakter seperti <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> setelah penunjuk bagian (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). Pranala tersebut tidak dikodekan dengan benar sehingga menghasilkan pranala yang salah. Masalah ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * Sebuah wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/id}} dalam [[d:Q9237|bahasa Melayu]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|Kartu Info Pengguna]] kini menampilkan pemblokiran atau penguncian global yang sedang aktif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada akhir pekan ini, penyunting yang memakai modul Lua akan dapat menggunakan fungsi <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> untuk memeriksa keberadaan hingga 25 halaman sekaligus, tanpa menambah beban [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|fungsi yang memakan sumber daya]] (''expensive function'') lebih dari sekali. * Sebuah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] (''Unsupported Tools Working Group'') baru telah dibentuk sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk menentukan prioritas pekerjaan teknis secara kolektif, mirip dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk & Teknologi]] (PTAC). Kelompok kerja ini akan membantu memprioritaskan dan meninjau permintaan dukungan untuk ekstensi, gawai, bot, dan perkakas yang tidak lagi dipelihara. Pada siklus pertama, kelompok ini akan memprioritaskan sebuah perkakas Wikimedia Commons yang tidak didukung. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Séptémber 2025 20.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Pemeriksa Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') merupakan fitur baru dalam Pemeriksa Suntingan yang membantu mencegah dan menanggulangi pelanggaran hak cipta. Saat penyunting menempelkan teks ke dalam artikel, Pemeriksa Tempel akan meminta mereka untuk mengonfirmasi sumber dan lisensi dari isi tersebut. Mulai Rabu, 8 Oktober, [[phab:T403680|sebanyak 22 wiki akan menguji fitur ini]]. Pemeriksa Tempel akan membantu para sukarelawan baru memahami serta mengikuti kebijakan dan pedoman yang diperlukan untuk memberikan kontribusi yang bermanfaat bagi proyek-proyek Wikipedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Perangkat seluler kini akan menerima artikel versi seluler langsung melalui domain standar (misalnya <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), tanpa pengalihan ke domain "m" (seperti <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Perubahan ini meningkatkan kinerja akses. Pada pekan ini, fitur tersebut akan diaktifkan di seluruh Wikipedia. Alamat URL seluler yang sudah ada dan opsi "Tampilan desktop" tetap tersedia. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|Penyaring tanggal]] baru, yaitu <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> dan <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, kini tersedia di mesin pencari wiki. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyaring hasil pencarian berdasarkan tanggal suntingan pertama atau terakhir suatu halaman. Penyaring ini mendukung operator perbandingan (misalnya <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) dan tanggal relatif (misalnya <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>) sehingga memudahkan pengguna menemukan konten yang baru diperbarui atau halaman dalam rentang waktu tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] kini mendukung teks berformat (''rich text'') dalam pemanggilan tertanam di 150 wiki tempat fitur ini telah diaktifkan. Untuk menunjukkan kemampuannya, tim membuat [[f:Z26333|tabel deklinasi Latin]] yang dapat digunakan oleh para penyunting Wiktionary untuk secara otomatis menghasilkan bentuk kata benda dengan hasil yang jelas dan terformat; lihat [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|contoh hasilnya]]. Jika memerlukan bantuan atau ingin memberikan masukan, silakan hubungi [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|Tim Wikifunctions]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * Pranala sunting kini akan muncul di dalam kotak kategori pada halaman artikel bagi pengguna yang masuk log. Pranala ini akan langsung membuka dialog kategori di VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pekan lalu sempat terjadi masalah saat mengunduh berkas PDF, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kolom <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> pada tabel basis data ''revision'' akan dihapus dan digantikan dengan kolom <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> pada tabel basis data ''content''. Lihat [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ pengumumannya] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Pengalaman Pembaca]] (''Reader Experience'') akan menerapkan antarmuka Mode Gelap di seluruh situs Wikimedia mulai 29 Oktober 2025. Nantinya, semua pengguna anonim dapat memilih tampilan dengan teks terang di atas latar belakang gelap. Fitur ini dibuat untuk memberikan pengalaman membaca yang lebih nyaman, terutama saat berada di lingkungan dengan pencahayaan redup. Pembuat templat dan kontributor teknis diimbau [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|mempelajari cara menyesuaikan halaman agar mendukung Mode Gelap]] serta memperbaiki masalah kesesuaian pada templat di wiki masing-masing sebelum fitur ini diaktifkan. Untuk pertanyaan atau bantuan, silakan menghubungi Tim Web melalui [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|halaman pembicaraan]] sebelum peluncuran. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Mulai Senin, 6 Oktober, titik akhir API di bawah jalur <code>rest.php</code> akan dialihkan melalui ''API Gateway'' internal yang baru. Pembaruan akan dilakukan secara bertahap pada setiap wiki sesuai dengan kelompok rilis standar, dan peningkatan lalu lintas akan dilakukan secara bertahap pula. Perubahan ini diperkirakan tidak akan menimbulkan gangguan atau ketidakcocokan. Jika ditemukan masalah, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator ke [[phab:tag/serviceops/|papan proyek tim Operasi Layanan (''Service Ops'')]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Oktober 2025 17.22 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pada pekan lalu, sistem keamanan akun dan fitur autentikasi dua langkah (2FA) telah diperbarui di seluruh wiki. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan tampilan pada halaman [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], dukungan untuk lebih dari satu metode 2FA melalui aplikasi autentikator dan kunci keamanan portabel (sebelumnya hanya satu metode yang bisa digunakan), serta penambahan modul ''Recovery Codes'' yang membantu mencegah akun terkunci saat pengguna kehilangan aplikasi atau perangkat autentikasi dua langkahnya. Sebagai bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|keamanan akun]], pengembangan akan terus berlanjut hingga akhir tahun 2025 untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna dan menambahkan dukungan ''passkey'' sebagai faktor kedua alternatif. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Bagian lain dari proyek keamanan akun adalah menyediakan fitur autentikasi dua langkah (2FA) untuk semua pengguna. Selain penyunting dengan hak istimewa lanjutan, seperti pengurus dan birokrat, kini 40% penyunting sudah dapat mengakses fitur 2FA. Anda dapat memeriksa apakah Anda memiliki akses melalui halaman [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Petunjuk untuk mengaktifkannya tersedia di halaman tersebut. Rencananya, ketersediaan fitur ini akan terus diperluas apabila dinilai bahwa dukungan bagi pengguna sudah memadai untuk penerapan secara global. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * Minggu ini, pengguna di wiki yang telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Peningkatan Kemudahan Penggunaan]] halaman pembicaraan sebagai pengaturan standar (kecuali 12 wiki yang tercantum di [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) akan mendapatkan fitur baru untuk memberikan ucapan terima kasih langsung pada komentar di halaman pembicaraan. Sebelumnya, pengguna hanya dapat memberikan ucapan terima kasih melalui riwayat suntingan halaman pembicaraan. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang perubahan ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Pengguna yang belum [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|memverifikasi alamat surel]] akan segera menerima pengingat setiap bulan untuk melakukannya. Verifikasi surel merupakan hal penting karena memudahkan proses pemulihan akun. Pengingat ini tidak akan dikirim kepada pengguna yang tidak aktif atau yang telah menghapus alamat surel yang belum diverifikasi dari akunnya. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, perbaikan telah dilakukan terhadap kesalahan yang kadang terjadi saat menyimpan paragraf terjemahan di perkakas Terjemahan Konten (''Content Translation''), dan pesan kesalahan yang terkait kini ditampilkan dengan lebih jelas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung telah memilih [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] sebagai perkakas pertama untuk siklus percobaannya. Dalam beberapa bulan mendatang, kelompok ini akan meninjau cara untuk meningkatkan dan menjaga keberlanjutan perkakas tersebut. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Oktober 2025 18.58 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyimpanan data pengguna dalam basis data, preferensi yang tersimpan dari pengguna yang tidak masuk log selama lebih dari lima tahun dan memiliki kurang dari 100 suntingan akan dihapus. Saat pengguna tersebut kembali, pengaturan standar akan diberlakukan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pranala yang rusak dari pesan antarmuka GlobalContributions menuju halaman XTools GlobalContributions telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Proses pengalihan seluruh lalu lintas ke titik akhir API di bawah jalur <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> melalui gerbang API umum telah selesai. Jika ditemukan masalah, harap ajukan tiket Phabricator ke [[phab:tag/serviceops/|papan tim Operasi Layanan]]. * Suntingan pada referensi atau penjelas di Wikidata kini akan lebih jarang ditampilkan dalam entri Perubahan Terbaru dan Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain, guna mengurangi notifikasi yang tidak perlu. Hal ini akan mengurangi jumlah entri yang dianggap mengganggu. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 Oktober 2025 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS sedang menguji fitur baru bernama "Tab yang Lebih Dinamis" untuk beberapa wilayah dan bahasa tertentu. Uji coba ini merupakan bagian dari pengembangan tampilan tab yang lebih interaktif, dan mencakup rekomendasi artikel seperti "Tahukah Anda" dan "Karena Anda Membaca". Informasi lebih lanjut [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|tersedia di halaman proyeknya]]. * Pengguna terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') di wiki [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|berukuran kecil]] dan [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|menengah]] yang menggunakan ekstensi CampaignEvents kini dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] tanpa perlu memiliki hak sebagai Penyelenggara Acara (''Event Organizer''). Fitur ini memungkinkan penyelenggara untuk mengaktifkan pendaftaran, mengelola peserta, dan memudahkan pengguna untuk mendaftar hanya dengan satu klik, tanpa perlu menandatangani halaman acara secara manual. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah warna yang berkedip saat menahan atau menekan tombol panah dalam pengaturan mode gelap pada tampilan Vector 2022 telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Ekstensi CampaignEvents akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki yang tersisa pada pekan 17 November 2025. Saat ini, ekstensi tersebut mencakup tiga fitur utama: Pendaftaran Acara, Daftar Kolaborasi, dan Daftar Undangan. Dalam peluncuran kali ini, fitur Daftar Undangan tidak akan diaktifkan di Wikifunctions dan MediaWiki, kecuali jika diminta langsung oleh komunitas masing-masing. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|kunjungi halaman peluncurannya]]. * Pengalaman bak pasir REST berbasis SwaggerUI kini telah tersedia di semua proyek wiki. Fitur ini dapat diakses melalui halaman [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]]. Jika Anda menemukan masalah, silakan laporkan ke papan tim MediaWiki Interfaces, atau bergabung dalam diskusi di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|halaman peluncuran proyek]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Titik akhir ''transform'' pada REST API MediaWiki yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir jalur URL (''trailing slash'') kini telah dinyatakan usang. Meskipun masih dapat digunakan untuk sementara waktu, fitur ini direncanakan akan dihentikan sepenuhnya pada akhir Januari 2026. Pengguna API yang masih menggunakan versi dengan garis miring di akhir disarankan untuk segera beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring. Kedua versi titik akhir itu dapat ditemukan dan diuji melalui halaman [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai kebijakan penghentian API dan langkah-langkah yang berlaku, silakan kunjungi halaman [[mw:API/Deprecation|Penghentian REST API MediaWiki]]. * Kini tersedia [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|halaman log perubahan khusus untuk REST API MediaWiki]]. Halaman ini merangkum berbagai pembaruan yang dilakukan sehingga memudahkan pengembang untuk mengikuti perkembangan fitur dan perbaikan yang diterapkan. Pengumuman pembaruan tetap akan disampaikan melalui saluran komunikasi resmi seperti Berita Teknis dan milis. Namun, informasi tersebut juga dapat diakses dengan lebih praktis melalui satu halaman pusat. Jika Anda memiliki masukan mengenai gaya penulisan, struktur, atau isi log perubahan ini, silakan [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|bergabung dalam diskusi]] yang tersedia. * Para pengurus kini dapat menghapus kategori pelacak yang sebelumnya ditambahkan oleh ekstensi JsonConfig karena kategori tersebut sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Daftar kategori terkait dapat dilihat melalui pranala ke [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. Jika masih ada halaman yang tercantum dalam kategori tersebut, tidak masalah. Hal itu merupakan akibat dari sistem tembolok, dan daftar tersebut akan diperbarui secara otomatis saat setiap halaman disunting kembali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Oktober 2025 19.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus kini akan menemukan bahwa halaman [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] menjadi jauh lebih fleksibel dalam proses penggabungan. Sekarang, pengurus dapat menggabungkan bagian tertentu dari tengah riwayat halaman sumber (bukan hanya dari awal), dan dapat menempatkan revisi tersebut di bagian mana pun dalam riwayat halaman tujuan (bukan hanya di awal). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * Bagi pengguna yang mengaktifkan "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" di [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|preferensi mereka]], memulai topik baru atau menambahkan balasan ke topik yang sudah ada kini akan otomatis membuat mereka berlangganan balasan pada topik tersebut. Sebelumnya, hal ini hanya terjadi jika pengguna memakai fitur "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" atau "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" dari fitur DiscussionTools. Ketika DiscussionTools pertama kali diluncurkan, akun yang sudah ada sebelumnya tidak otomatis diikutsertakan dalam langganan topik otomatis, sehingga perubahan ini terutama akan berpengaruh pada akun-akun baru dan pengguna yang sejak saat itu secara sengaja mengubah pengaturannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Modul Scribunto kini dapat digunakan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|membuat gambar berformat SVG]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pembuatan bagan, grafik, dan visualisasi lainnya secara dinamis melalui bahasa Lua, sehingga tidak perlu lagi membuatnya di luar wiki dan mengunggahnya sebagai berkas terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Situs-situs Wikimedia kini menyediakan pilihan bagi semua pengguna anonim untuk mengaktifkan mode gelap, yang menampilkan teks berwarna terang di atas latar belakang gelap. Peningkatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengalaman membaca yang lebih nyaman, terutama di lingkungan dengan pencahayaan redup. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Pengguna dengan daftar pantauan yang sangat besar selama ini sering mengalami kegagalan saat mengakses halaman [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. Kini, halaman tersebut memuat entri dalam bagian-bagian kecil secara bertahap berkat pembaruan sistem pemuatan halaman, sehingga semua pengguna dapat menyunting daftar pantauannya dengan lebih lancar. Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan basis data, fitur pengurutan berdasarkan masa kedaluwarsa akan dihapus karena prosesnya lebih dari 100 kali lebih lambat dibandingkan pengurutan berdasarkan judul. Sebuah [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 usulan komunitas] telah dibuat untuk mencari cara alternatif mengembalikan fitur pengurutan berdasarkan masa kedaluwarsa. Jika fitur ini penting bagi Anda, silakan dukung usulan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, perbaikan terhadap masalah penyorotan yang tetap muncul saat menggunakan fitur pencarian dan penggantian di VisualEditor selama pencarian berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sejak tahun 2019, layanan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Pemendek URL Wikimedia]] di https://w.wiki tersedia untuk semua wiki Wikimedia guna membuat pranala pendek ke artikel, pranala permanen, perbedaan revisi, dan sebagainya. Fitur ini dapat diakses melalui bilah sisi dengan nama "Dapatkan URL pendek". Ada sekitar 30 wiki yang masih menggunakan ekstensi lama bernama "ShortUrl", dan ekstensi tersebut akan segera dihapus. Artinya, URL dengan format <code>/s/</code> tidak lagi akan ditampilkan di bawah judul artikel melalui elemen HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. Namun, pranala <code>/s/</code> yang sudah ada akan tetap berfungsi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * Pada Kamis, 30 Oktober, tim [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|Antarmuka MediaWiki]] dan tim [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Operasi Layanan SRE]] mulai mengalihkan lalu lintas ''Action API'' melalui gerbang API bersama. Setiap wiki akan diperbarui secara bertahap sesuai dengan kelompok rilis standar, dan volume lalu lintas akan ditingkatkan sedikit demi sedikit. Perubahan ini diperkirakan tidak akan menyebabkan gangguan atau kerusakan fungsi. Jika ditemukan masalah, harap buat tiket di Phabricator pada papan tim [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops]. * Penerapan pembaruan ''MediaWiki Train'' akan dihentikan sementara selama dua pekan terakhir 2025, yaitu pada 22 dan 29 Desember. Periode ''backport'' juga akan dihentikan sementara mulai Senin, 22 Desember 2025, hingga Kamis, 2 Januari 2026. Periode ''backport'' adalah waktu yang dijadwalkan untuk menambahkan pembaruan seperti perbaikan kekutu dan perubahan konfigurasi. Masih terdapat tujuh jadwal penerapan yang tersisa untuk tahun 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Pada tahun 2025, Wikimedia Foundation melaporkan bahwa sistem kecerdasan buatan (AI) dan mesin pencari semakin banyak menggunakan konten Wikipedia tanpa mengarahkan pengguna untuk mengunjungi situsnya. Hal ini berkontribusi pada penurunan 8% jumlah penayangan halaman oleh pengguna manusia dibandingkan tahun 2024. Setelah mendeteksi keberadaan bot yang menyamar sebagai pengguna manusia, Wikimedia memperbarui data lalu lintasnya untuk mencerminkan perubahan tersebut. Baca lebih lanjut tentang tren penggunaan terkini di Wikipedia melalui [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|artikel di blog Diff]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Nopémber 2025 19.33 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Tangkapan layar peningkatan tampilan yang diterapkan pada halaman pembicaraan|Contoh halaman pembicaraan dengan desain baru, dalam bahasa Prancis.]] * Mulai 12 November, pengguna akan melihat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|perubahan tampilan pada halaman pembicaraan]] di [[Phab:T379264|beberapa Wikipedia]]. Hampir [[phab:T392121|semua wiki]] telah menerima pembaruan desain ini. [[phab:T409297|Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]] akan mendapatkannya nanti. Informasi selengkapnya dapat dibaca [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|di situs Diff]]. Pengguna dapat menonaktifkan perubahan ini melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|preferensi pengguna]] di bagian "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki kini dapat menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|penanda (indikator) halaman]] secara otomatis ketika suatu halaman dilindungi. Fitur ini dinonaktifkan secara bawaan, tetapi dapat diaktifkan atas [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|permintaan komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Tombol "{{int:showpreview}}" dan "{{int:showdiff}}" pada penyunting teks wiki kini dapat mempertahankan beberapa parameter URL seperti "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]", "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]", dan "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]". Pembaruan ini juga memperbaiki masalah yang sebelumnya menyebabkan seluruh isi halaman dapat tertimpa oleh satu bagian saja apabila peramban mengalami gangguan saat pengguna meninjau pratayang suntingan pada bagian tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wiki Wikivoyage kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|penanda peta berwarna dalam teks artikel]]. Teks pada penanda tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan dalam warna hitam atau putih yang kontras, bukan selalu berwarna putih. Solusi lokal yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah ini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * Tab Aktivitas di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android kini tersedia bagi semua pengguna. Tab baru ini menampilkan wawasan yang dipersonalisasi tentang aktivitas membaca, menyunting, dan berdonasi, sekaligus memudahkan navigasi serta membuat penggunaan aplikasi menjadi lebih menarik. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca (''Reader Growth'') meluncurkan percobaan bernama "Penjelajahan gambar" untuk menguji cara memudahkan pembaca menelusuri dan menemukan gambar dalam artikel Wikipedia. Percobaan ini merupakan uji A/B yang hanya tersedia di perangkat seluler. Uji coba akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada pekan 17 November dan berlangsung selama empat minggu, dengan mencakup 0,05% pengguna di wiki tersebut. Uji coba ini telah dimulai pada 3 November di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tionghoa, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam, dengan mencakup hingga 10% pengguna di setiap wiki tersebut. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan akun tidak dapat dikunci melalui situs seluler kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Pencalonan anggota baru]] [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|komite standar Toolforge]] kini dibuka di Wikitech. Komite ini mengawasi [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|kebijakan hak untuk mencabangkan Toolforge]] dan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|kebijakan perkakas yang telantar]], serta sejumlah tugas lainnya. Masa pencalonan akan dibuka hingga 28 November 2025. * [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|Kolom penerbit JWT]] dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|token akses OAuth 2]] untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|wiki SUL]] telah diubah menjadi <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Token akses lama tetap dapat digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|Kolom subjek JWT]] dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|token akses OAuth 2]] akan segera diubah dari <code><user id></code> menjadi <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, di mana <code><identity type></code> biasanya berupa <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|wiki SUL]]) atau <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (untuk wiki lainnya). Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk menghindari benturan antara berbagai jenis ID pengguna dan untuk membuat token akses OAuth 2 lebih selaras dengan kuki <code>sessionJwt</code>. Token akses lama tetap dapat digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * Pesan pemblokiran MediaWiki ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) kini mendukung parameter tambahan yang menunjukkan apakah pengguna diblokir untuk menyunting halaman pembicaraan pengguna miliknya sendiri (<code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code>) atau untuk mengirim surel kepada pengguna lain (<code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * Cabang <code>REL1_45</code> untuk inti MediaWiki serta setiap ekstensi dan kulit di repositori git Wikimedia telah dibuat. Ini merupakan langkah pertama dalam proses rilis MediaWiki 1.45.0 yang dijadwalkan pada akhir November 2025. Jika sedang mengerjakan perbaikan bug penting atau fitur baru, Anda perlu memperhatikan perubahan ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * Proses pembuatan timbunan (''dump'') CirrusSearch telah diperbarui karena penurunan kinerja. Jika Anda mengalami kendala saat beralih ke timbunan pengganti, silakan menghubungi Tim Platform Pencarian untuk mendapatkan bantuan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Nopémber 2025 20.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menguji fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|daftar bacaan di versi web Wikipedia]] untuk perangkat seluler. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum pernah menyunting artikel, untuk menyimpan daftar artikel secara pribadi dan membacanya nanti. Uji coba ini telah berlangsung sejak pekan 10 November di Wikipedia berbahasa Arab, Mandarin, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam. Rencananya, fitur ini akan mulai diuji di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada pekan 17 November. * Pengguna yang tidak menerima kode verifikasi melalui surel saat masuk kini dapat meminta bantuan dengan mengisi formulir di halaman khusus yang baru tersedia. Pembaruan ini merupakan bagian dari inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. Jika akun Anda memiliki alamat surel, pastikan Anda masih dapat mengaksesnya. Saat masuk dari perangkat atau lokasi baru tanpa menggunakan verifikasi dua langkah (2FA), Anda mungkin diminta untuk memasukkan kode enam digit yang dikirimkan melalui surel agar proses masuk log dapat diselesaikan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Sebuah wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} dalam [[d:Q13324|bahasa Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari proyek Penyatuan Pengurai (''Parser Unification''), tim Transformasi Konten (''Content Transform team'') telah menerapkan Parsoid sebagai pengurai bawaan di berbagai Wikipedia dengan lalu lintas rendah. Saat ini, mereka sedang mempersiapkan langkah berikutnya untuk menerapkannya di Wikipedia dengan lalu lintas tinggi. Pesan ini merupakan undangan bagi Anda untuk mulai menggunakan Parsoid, sesuai dengan panduan yang dijelaskan dalam dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]]. Anda juga diharapkan untuk mengidentifikasi kendala atau masalah yang mungkin muncul dalam alur kerja Anda, terutama jika menggunakan bot, gawai (''gadget''), atau skrip pengguna. Silakan laporkan temuan Anda melalui pranala "Laporkan Kekutu Visual" (''"Report Visual Bug"'') yang tersedia di bilah sisi bagian Perkakas, atau buat tiket di Phabricator dan tandai [[phab:project/view/5846|tim Transformasi Konten dalam laporan tersebut]]. * Perkakas yang belum didukung: Beberapa masalah pada [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] telah diperbaiki, termasuk kegagalan unggah yang berhubungan dengan nama berkas, impor video yang tampil hitam, dan penanganan ulang (''retry handling''). Dukungan untuk format AV1 juga telah ditambahkan. Saat ini, pengembangan masih berlanjut dengan fokus pada kestabilan sistem belakang (''backend''), kesalahan pemrosesan ffmpeg, impor takarir, pengelolaan data tambahan, dan unggahan daftar putar. Untuk memantau tugas-tugas tertentu, silakan lihat [[phab:tag/video2commons/|papan tugas di Phabricator]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Catat tanggalnya! Wikimedia Hackathon akan berlangsung di Milan, Italia, pada 1–3 Mei 2026. Pendaftaran akan dibuka mulai Januari 2026. Saat ini, [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ pengajuan beasiswa sudah dibuka] dan akan ditutup pada 28 November 2025. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan, silakan hubungi melalui surel <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Nopémber 2025 17.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Tim Pencarian Wikimedia]] membuat ulang fungsi perkakas "DWIM" (''Do What I Mean'') di sisi peladen yang dikhususkan untuk Wikipedia bahasa Rusia dan Ibrani. Fitur ini menambahkan saran lintas papan ketik ke dalam saran kotak pencarian biasa. Misalnya, jika seseorang mencari kata ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' di Wikipedia Rusia, sistem akan menampilkan saran ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("kebahagiaan") yang mungkin sedang dicari oleh pengguna. Mereka berencana mengaktifkan fitur ini untuk wiki berbahasa Rusia dan Ibrani lainnya pada minggu ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" akan bisa melihat penyorotan sintaks di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. Untuk menggunakannya, pengaturan "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" harus diaktifkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi Campaign events]], yaitu kumpulan perkakas untuk mengoordinasikan acara dan kerja sama di wiki, sekarang sudah tersedia di semua wiki Wikimedia. Fitur baru bernama [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Kontribusi bersama]] (''Collaborative contribution'') juga ditambahkan untuk membantu penyelenggara dan peserta melihat dampak dari kegiatannya. Ikuti [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|sesi pembelajaran]] mendatang untuk melihat cara kerja fitur ini dan memberikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang menyebabkan CodeReviewBot tidak berfungsi sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengguna Wikimedia API dapat ikut serta dalam studi penggunaan untuk membantu menguji desain baru bak pasir REST API Wikimedia. Peserta yang berminat perlu mengisi [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 survei perekrutan]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan menghentikan penggunaan stylesheet XSLT di dalam Action API. Dukungan untuk <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> akan dihapus dari proyek Wikimedia pada akhir November 2025. Selain itu, fitur ini akan segera dinonaktifkan secara bawaan di versi rilis MediaWiki berikut: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, dan v1.45. Dukungan untuk stylesheet XSLT akan dihapus sepenuhnya pada MediaWiki v1.46 (diperkirakan rilis antara April–Mei 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * Titik akhir lama WDQS ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) akan dihentikan pada akhir Desember 2025, dan ditutup sepenuhnya pada 7 Januari 2026. Setelah tanggal tersebut, permintaan ke query.wikidata.org yang membutuhkan graf penuh akan gagal, atau menghasilkan hasil tidak valid, jika tidak ditulis ulang menggunakan federasi SPARQL. Tim juga mendorong pengguna untuk memastikan bahwa perkakas dan alur kerja memakai titik akhir WDQS yang didukung (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> – Graf utama, atau <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> – Graf naskah ilmiah). Untuk bantuan migrasi, silakan lihat halaman [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Akses data]] dan [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Permintaan kueri]] untuk detail serta cara akses alternatif. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Nopémber 2025 15.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025 (''Wikipedia Year in Review 2025'') akan tersedia pada 2 Desember bagi pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS dan Android. Fitur ini menampilkan wawasan baru yang dipersonalisasi, sorotan bacaan yang diperbarui, dan tampilan desain yang disegarkan. Informasi selengkapnya dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|halaman proyek]] tersebut. * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang mengupayakan perbaikan pada teks dan tampilan surel verifikasi yang dikirim kepada pengguna baru agar lebih ramah, bermanfaat, dan informatif. Sejumlah teks baru telah disiapkan untuk uji coba A/B, dan Anda dapat membantu dengan menerjemahkannya. Lihat [[phab:T396155|di Phabricator]]. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan Pranala]] (''Add a link'') akan mulai diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Jepang, Urdu, dan Tionghoa pada 2 Desember. Fitur ini bekerja menggunakan model prediksi yang menyarankan pranala untuk ditambahkan ke dalam sebuah artikel. Meskipun fitur ini sudah tersedia di sebagian besar Wikipedia, sebelumnya model prediksi tersebut belum dapat mendukung beberapa bahasa tertentu. Kini, model baru telah dikembangkan untuk menangani bahasa-bahasa tersebut dan akan diterapkan secara bertahap di Wikipedia lainnya. Jika ingin mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut, silakan menghubungi [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, masalah pada kotak pencarian di beberapa halaman Commons yang sebelumnya tidak menampilkan hasil akibat peralihan dari SpecialSearch ke MediaSearch, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q36846|bahasa Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} dalam [[d:Q33655|bahasa Pidgin Nigeria]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Foundation saat ini berada pada tahap awal dalam mengeksplorasi pendekatan panduan penulisan artikel. Inisiatif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah yang dapat membantu penyunting baru memahami dan menerapkan praktik serta kebijakan Wikipedia yang telah ada dengan lebih mudah saat membuat artikel. Proyek ini masih berada pada tahap eksplorasi dan perancangan awal uji coba. Seluruh anggota komunitas dianjurkan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|mempelajari lebih lanjut]] mengenai proyek ini dan menyampaikan pendapatnya melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan]].</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Désémber 2025 18.57 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Siapa pun yang ingin mengamankan akun penggunanya kini dapat menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Fitur ini tersedia bagi seluruh pengguna terdaftar di semua proyek Wikimedia. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. Ke depannya, 2FA akan diwajibkan bagi semua pengguna yang memiliki kewenangan untuk melakukan tindakan yang berkaitan dengan keamanan atau privasi. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Setelah penerapan pekan lalu, fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan pranala]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan pranala yang disarankan saat menyunting, akan tersedia di [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedia]] lainnya, mulai 9 Desember. Perluasan ini dimungkinkan berkat model prediksi baru yang kini mendukung semua bahasa, termasuk bahasa-bahasa yang sebelumnya belum tercakup. Meskipun fitur ini telah tersedia di sebagian besar Wikipedia selama beberapa waktu, peluncuran ini membawa penggunaan model yang telah ditingkatkan semakin mendekati penerapan di seluruh Wikipedia. Jika ada pertanyaan atau memerlukan keterangan lebih lanjut, silakan menghubungi [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Tim Pencarian Wikimedia]] menambahkan saran pencarian dengan transliterasi saat mengetik di wiki berbahasa Georgia. Jika hanya tersedia sedikit saran pencarian biasa, maka kueri dalam aksara Latin atau Sirilik kini [[phab:T127003|akan diubah terlebih dahulu ke dalam aksara Georgia]] untuk mencari lebih banyak kecocokan. Sebagai contoh, pencarian dengan kata <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> atau <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> sekarang akan menampilkan saran artikel yang sudah ada tentang <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("kebahagiaan"). Anda juga dapat merekomendasikan bahasa lain yang menurut Anda akan memperoleh manfaat dari fitur saran dengan transliterasi [[phab:T375215|melalui Phabricator]] untuk pengembangan selanjutnya. * Pada akhir pekan ini, sebuah uji coba terkendali akan dimulai bagi para penyunting di 100 Wikipedia terbesar yang sedang menyunting bagian artikel melalui penyunting visual di web seluler. Sebanyak 50% dari para penyunting tersebut akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman" yang memungkinkan mereka memperluas sesi penyuntingan ke seluruh halaman. Fitur ini dimaksudkan untuk mempermudah pengguna web seluler dalam menyunting bagian mana pun dari sebuah artikel, tanpa bergantung pada ikon sunting bagian mana yang mereka ketuk untuk memulai. Uji coba ini akan berlangsung sekitar empat pekan. [[phab:T409112|Keterangan lebih lanjut]] mengenai proyek ini dapat ditemukan pada halaman terkait. * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] akan meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|uji coba di web seluler]] untuk menampilkan seluruh bagian artikel dalam keadaan terbuka secara bawaan (yang saat ini masih ditampilkan dalam keadaan menciut), dan menahan judul bagian yang sedang dibaca pengguna agar tetap berada di bagian atas halaman. Uji coba ini akan memengaruhi 10% pengguna di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tionghoa, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025]] (''Wikipedia Year in Review 2025''), sebuah fitur di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia (iOS dan Android) yang menyajikan ringkasan personal tentang aktivitas pengguna di Wikipedia sepanjang tahun, kini telah tersedia di aplikasi iOS dan Android. Edisi kali ini menghadirkan wawasan personal yang diperluas, sorotan bacaan yang ditingkatkan, pesan baru untuk para donatur, serta pembaruan pada desain tampilan. Buka aplikasi untuk melihat Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025 Anda dan jelajahi kembali perjalanan membaca Anda sepanjang tahun 2025. * Sebuah gangguan perangkat lunak yang terjadi baru-baru ini menyebabkan suntingan yang dibuat dengan VisualEditor menimbulkan perubahan yang tidak disengaja pada teks wiki, termasuk penghapusan spasi dan penggantian spasi menjadi garis bawah pada pranala wiki di dalam pengutipan/sitasi. Masalah ini telah diperbaiki sebagian pada pekan lalu, dan perbaikan lanjutan masih terus dilakukan. Para penyunting yang menggunakan VisualEditor antara 28 November hingga 2 Desember diminta untuk meninjau kembali suntingan mereka guna memastikan tidak ada perubahan yang tidak diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, penanganan alamat URL yang sebelumnya keliru saat disalin dari bilah alamat peramban Microsoft Edge kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting untuk model konten Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON, dan Vue, menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Seiring dengan perubahan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|perkakas pemeriksa kesalahan pengodean]] (''linter'') juga akan ditingkatkan. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk secara bertahap menggantikan CodeEditor dan menyediakan pengalaman penyuntingan kode yang lebih konsisten. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Para pengembang diimbau untuk mengisi [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 Survei Kepuasan Pengembang 2025], yang masih dibuka hingga 5 Januari 2026. Jika Anda mengembangkan perangkat lunak untuk ekosistem Wikimedia dan ingin berbagi pengalaman atau masukan, partisipasi Anda akan sangat dihargai. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">There is no new MediaWiki version this week.</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Désémber 2025 17.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, salah satu perbaikan mengatasi kendala pada akun sementara ketika menambahkan URL eksternal, yang sebelumnya terlalu sering memicu permintaan hCaptcha dan tidak menampilkan jendela sembul (''pop-up'') yang semestinya pada upaya pertama untuk menerbitkan suntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Untuk meningkatkan kinerja basis data dan situs, pranala luar menuju proyek-proyek Wikimedia tidak lagi disimpan di dalam basis data. Dampaknya, pranala tersebut tidak akan dapat dicari di [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], tidak akan diperiksa sebagai pranala baru oleh Spam Blacklist atau AbuseFilter, serta tidak akan tercatat dalam tabel <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> pada replika basis data. Ke depannya, kebijakan ini dapat diperluas (per wiki) ke situs tepercaya lain yang sangat sering ditautkan, seperti pranala Creative Commons di Wikimedia Commons.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Désémber 2025 19.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai Januari, penyaring suntingan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|dapat diatur]] untuk secara otomatis menyembunyikan informasi tertentu, seperti aturan penyaring dan daftar suntingan serta tindakan yang dicoba. Pengaturan ini akan membantu para pengawas (''oversighter'') menggunakannya untuk mencegah pengungkapan data pribadi (''doxxing'') atau materi lain yang perlu disembunyikan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * Edisi Berita Teknis berikutnya akan dikirimkan pada 12 Januari 2026 karena libur akhir tahun. Terima kasih kepada seluruh penerjemah dan semua pihak yang telah mengirimkan konten atau masukan sepanjang tahun ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:16}} {{PLURAL:16|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kerusakan aplikasi yang terjadi saat mengetuk menu "Langkah Pertama" pada fitur Ulasan Akhir Tahun di Wikipedia Android kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fitur tersebut dapat dibuka dan berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Elemen antarmuka seperti ''diff'' dan kategori yang dihasilkan oleh MediaWiki sebelumnya menggunakan atribut <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> untuk membedakannya dari konten wiki. Atribut tersebut kini diganti menjadi <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code> guna menghindari potensi konflik dengan atribut <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> lain yang dihasilkan oleh Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini atau pekan depan. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] (Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026) akan berlangsung pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran telah dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan ditutup pada pertengahan Januari, atau lebih cepat jika kuota peserta terpenuhi. Mengingat kapasitas acara sekitar 100 orang, calon peserta sangat disarankan untuk mendaftar sedini mungkin. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 Désémber 2025 21.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini berfokus pada tren global, uji coba yang lebih cepat dan lebih sehat, dukungan yang lebih baik bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, peningkatan kolaborasi lintas proyek, dan upaya memperluas dan mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan Tim Community Tech dalam proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Daftar pantau ganda]] (''Multiple watchlists''), tampilan [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] akan diperbarui sebagai langkah awal menuju penerapan beberapa daftar pantau. Selain itu, sistem penomoran halaman pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] juga akan diperbarui sebagai bagian dari pengerjaan permintaan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|perombakan penomoran dan navigasi halaman]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] merupakan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|ekstensi]] MediaWiki yang memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini baru-baru ini diperbarui agar tampilannya lebih menyerupai [[Special:Watchlist|Daftar pantau]] biasa, termasuk untuk menyiapkannya menghadapi penggunaan akun sementara dalam penyamaran IP (misalnya dengan mengarahkan ulang pranala pengguna ke halaman kontribusi), menampilkan judul halaman dengan huruf tebal, dan membuka pranala dalam ringkasan suntingan dan label di tab peramban baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika pemblokiran global tidak memiliki opsi untuk menonaktifkan pengiriman surel kini telah diperbaiki, dan fitur tersebut dapat digunakan pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|Perkakas pengutipan di VisualEditor]] dan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Pratinjau Rujukan]] kini mendukung jenis rujukan "peta". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Januari 2026 19.33 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Panel yang ditampilkan pada [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] dalam tampilan seluler telah didesain ulang. Panel ini kini ditampilkan dalam keadaan tertutup secara bawaan dan dilengkapi dengan pranala untuk membatalkan suntingan yang sedang ditinjau, sehingga memudahkan penyunting dan peninjau di perangkat seluler untuk mengambil tindakan tanpa membuat antarmuka terlihat penuh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini terus dikembangkan dan kini mampu menentukan arah teks secara otomatis, sehingga tampilan situs dengan nama domain yang tidak lazim tetap benar. Ekstensi ini juga menampilkan keterangan yang lebih rinci untuk setiap tindakan dalam log. Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ditambahkan pranala permanen baru untuk pembuatan halaman dan kelas CSS untuk setiap elemen entri. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya ditemukan pada Vector 2022, yaitu tujuan pranala jangkar tertutup oleh tajuk yang menempel (''sticky header''), kini telah ditangani. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|pengumuman penghentian bertahap pada Oktober 2025]], Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan mulai menghentikan seluruh titik akhir transformasi (''transform endpoint'') pada MediaWiki REST API yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir alamat (''trailing slash'') pada pekan 26 Januari. Perubahan ini diperkirakan akan diterapkan di semua wiki paling lambat 30 Januari. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih menggunakannya diimbau untuk beralih ke versi titik akhir tanpa garis miring di akhir. Kedua variasi titik akhir tersebut dapat ditemukan, dibandingkan, dan diuji melalui [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Jika memiliki pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * Dokumentasi rujukan interaktif untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] telah dipindahkan. Permintaan ke dokumentasi API yang sebelumnya diinang melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (misalnya <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) kini akan dialihkan ke [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata Wikimedia Foundation]] (WDP) telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala Januari 2026]]. Nawala ini memuat pembaruan mengenai penghentian titik akhir graf penuh (''full-graph'') lama, perubahan kebijakan User-Agent, jadwal sesi diskusi bulanan migrasi Blazegraph, dan upaya untuk mengurangi kemunduran (regresi) yang disebabkan oleh penonaktifan titik akhir lama tersebut. Sebagai pengingat, Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|berlangganan nawala WDP]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan segera ditutup atau ditutup lebih awal jika kuota peserta telah terpenuhi. Acara ini merupakan hackathon teknis selama dua hari yang mempertemukan para Wikimediawan dari kawasan tersebut. Sampai jumpa di sana! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Januari 2026 20.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang masukan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|usulan arah masa depan]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] hingga 28 Februari. * Semua pengguna dengan akun terdaftar kini dapat menggunakan kunci sandi (''passkey'') untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Kunci sandi merupakan cara masuk yang lebih sederhana tanpa perlu menggunakan perangkat kedua. Identitas pengguna diverifikasi melalui sidik jari, pemindaian wajah, atau kode PIN. Untuk menggunakan kunci sandi, pengguna harus terlebih dahulu mengaktifkan metode 2FA standar. Saat ini, proses masuk dengan kunci sandi masih memerlukan kata sandi. Pada kuartal ini, fitur masuk tanpa kata sandi akan memungkinkan pengguna masuk dengan satu klik menggunakan kunci sandi. Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan juga akan diwajibkan mengaktifkan 2FA. Kebijakan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. * Kontributor tidak terdaftar yang berasal dari alamat IP atau rentang IP yang diblokir kini dapat berinteraksi di wiki untuk mengajukan banding pemblokiran dengan membuat akun sementara dan menyampaikannya melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna, selama opsi "mencegah pengguna ini menyunting halaman pembicaraannya sendiri" tidak diaktifkan. Perubahan ini mengatasi masalah sebelumnya, yaitu pengguna yang tidak masuk log (keluar log dari akun) tidak dapat menggunakan prosedur pembukaan blokir standar melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, deskripsi metode Autentikasi Dua-Faktor (2FA) pada halaman pengelolaan kini telah diperbarui. Penjelasannya menjadi lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dipahami serta digunakan oleh pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah variabel AbuseFilter baru, <code>account_type</code>, telah ditambahkan untuk menyediakan cara yang andal dalam menentukan jenis akun yang sedang dibuat pada tindakan <code>createaccount</code> dan <code>autocreateaccount</code>. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, variabel <code>accountname</code> telah diubah namanya menjadi <code>account_name</code>, dan <code>accountname</code> kini dinyatakan tidak lagi digunakan (''deprecated''). Pengelola penyaring suntingan disarankan untuk memperbarui penyaring apa pun yang masih menggunakan pemeriksaan jenis akun yang ditulis langsung (''hardcoded'') atau variabel yang telah dinyatakan tidak digunakan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Keluku (''thumbnail'') yang diminta dengan ukuran tidak standar dan menggunakan cara tidak standar, seperti permintaan langsung ke <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code>, akan berhenti berfungsi dalam waktu dekat. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan berkelanjutan oleh pengambil data otomatis (''web scraper'') dan bot. Sebagian pengguna dengan CSS/JS khusus, pengurus antarmuka yang dapat memperbaiki gawai dan kulit lokal, serta pembuat alat, perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar menggunakan ukuran gambar mini standar. [[phab:T414805|Informasi lengkap, pranala pencarian, dan contoh cara memperbaikinya tersedia pada tugas terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Januari 2026 21.17 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" yang menampilkan informasi validasi tentang suatu halaman ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} contoh]) kini secara otomatis akan menyertakan daftar isi. Jika terdapat halaman lokal [[MediaWiki:Pageinfo-header]] yang dibuat oleh pengguna, halaman tersebut kini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya VisualEditor menambahkan pemformatan tebal atau miring di dalam deskripsi pranala, sehingga membuat kode wiki menjadi rumit. Hal ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada salinan XML pada 20 Januari. Selain itu, mulai sekarang, salinan data hanya akan dihasilkan satu kali per bulan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki telah menghapus dukungan untuk seluruh titik akhir transformasi yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir (''trailing slash'') dari [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API REST API MediaWiki]. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih memanggil titik akhir tersebut dianjurkan untuk beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring di akhir. Apabila terdapat pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan mengajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengingatkan para pengguna bahwa sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 telah dibagikan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan ini menyoroti berbagai isu utama, termasuk tren global, pengembangan eksperimen yang lebih cepat dan berkelanjutan, peningkatan dukungan bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, optimalisasi kolaborasi antarproyek, dan upaya meningkatkan serta mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan, saran, dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Pébruari 2026 17.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kontributor yang masuk log dan mengelola daftar pantauan yang besar atau kompleks kini dapat mengatur dan menyaring halaman yang dipantau dengan lebih efektif melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Label Daftar Pantauan]] yang baru. Dengan menambahkan label tersuai, misalnya halaman yang dibuat sendiri, halaman yang dipantau untuk vandalisme, atau halaman diskusi, pengguna dapat lebih cepat mengidentifikasi halaman yang memerlukan perhatian, mengurangi beban kognitif, dan merespons dengan lebih efisien. Peningkatan ini membuat daftar pantauan lebih mudah digunakan, terutama bagi penyunting yang sangat aktif. * Sebuah fitur baru yang tersedia di [[Special:Contributions|Istimewa:Kontribusi]] kini menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] yang kemungkinan dioperasikan oleh orang yang sama, sehingga proses patroli menjadi lebih efisien dan tidak memakan banyak waktu. Saat memeriksa kontribusi suatu akun sementara, pengguna yang memiliki akses ke alamat IP akun sementara kini dapat melihat tampilan kontribusi dari akun-akun sementara terkait. Fitur ini menelusuri seluruh alamat IP yang terkait dengan suatu akun sementara dalam periode retensi data, lalu menampilkan semua kontribusi dari seluruh akun sementara yang pernah menggunakan alamat IP tersebut. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * Saat para penyunting melakukan pratayang suntingan teks wiki, kotak pengingat di bagian atas yang menunjukkan bahwa yang ditampilkan hanyalah pratayang kini menggunakan latar belakang abu-abu/netral, bukan lagi kuning/peringatan. Perubahan ini memudahkan pembedaan antara catatan pratayang dan peringatan yang sebenarnya (misalnya konflik suntingan atau sasaran pengalihan yang bermasalah), yang kini akan ditampilkan dalam kotak peringatan atau kesalahan terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna meninjau daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini terus mengalami penyempurnaan, yang kini mendukung lebih dari satu situs Wikibase secara optimal, seperti [[d:|Wikidata]] dan [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. Selain itu, kendala tentang arah teks telah diperbaiki bagi pengguna Wikidata atau situs Wikibase lain yang menggunakan bahasa dengan arah kanan ke kiri (RTL). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * "Pranala magis" otomatis untuk nomor ISBN, RFC, dan PMID [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|telah dinyatakan usang dalam teks wiki sejak 2021]] karena kurang fleksibel dan menyulitkan pelokalan. Sejumlah wiki telah berhasil menggantikan pranala magis RFC dan PMID dengan pranala luar yang setara, tetapi untuk menggantikan fungsi pranala magis ISBN sering kali diperlukan templat khusus. Kini telah tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|fungsi pengurai bawaan]] baru, <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code>, yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan fungsi dasar pranala magis ISBN. Hal ini memudahkan wiki yang ingin bermigrasi dari fungsi pranala magis yang telah dinyatakan usang tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q35401|bahasa Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q1186896|bahasa Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah kelompok pengguna global baru telah dibuat, yaitu [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. Kelompok ini digunakan secara internal oleh perangkat lunak untuk memungkinkan bot komunitas melewati pembatasan laju (''rate limit'') yang diterapkan terhadap [[w:en:Web scraping|perayap web]] (''web scraper'') yang bersifat merusak. Akun yang telah disetujui sebagai bot di setidaknya satu wiki Wikimedia akan secara otomatis ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok ini. Perubahan ini tidak memengaruhi atau mengubah hak akses yang dimiliki oleh bot tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 25–27 Maret 2026 di Salt Lake City, Amerika Serikat. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Peserta dapat mengusulkan sesi serta mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti konferensi ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Pébruari 2026 23.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Tim SRE]] akan membersihkan Etherpad, yaitu penyunting berbasis web sumber terbuka untuk penyuntingan dokumen kolaboratif langsung. Seluruh catatan (''pad'') akan dihapus secara permanen setelah 30 April 2026. Harap membuat salinan cadangan lokal atas konten apa pun yang ingin dipertahankan karena data yang telah dihapus tidak dapat dipulihkan. Pembersihan ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi ukuran basis data dan meminimalkan jejak infrastruktur. Etherpad akan tetap mendukung kolaborasi langsung, tetapi tidak ditujukan untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Pembersihan tambahan dapat dilakukan di masa mendatang tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pengambilan Informasi (''Information Retrieval'') akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|eksperimen aplikasi seluler Android]] untuk menguji pencarian hibrida yang mampu menangani kueri semantik dan berbasis kata kunci. Peningkatan pencarian di dalam platform ini bertujuan memudahkan pembaca menemukan informasi yang dicari secara langsung di Wikipedia. Eksperimen ini akan pertama kali diluncurkan di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani pada akhir Februari, kemudian diperluas ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis pada bulan Maret. Informasi selengkapnya [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ dapat dibaca] di Diff. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah di [[Special:RecentChanges|Istimewa:PerubahanTerbaru]] telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, ketika pengguna mengeklik sembunyikan pada penyaring aktif, tombol "lihat perubahan baru sejak…" ikut menghilang, padahal seharusnya tetap ditampilkan. Kini, tombol tersebut telah berfungsi dan ditampilkan sebagaimana mestinya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Dokumentasi baru kini tersedia untuk membantu para penyunting menelusuri dan mendiagnosis masalah pada fitur pencarian di situs. Dokumentasi ini mendukung proses pemecahan masalah ketika halaman tidak muncul dalam hasil pencarian, ketika peringkat hasil terasa tidak sesuai, dan ketika perlu memeriksa konten apa saja yang sedang diindeks. Dengan demikian, perilaku pencarian menjadi lebih mudah dipahami dan dianalisis. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Pébruari 2026 19.17 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] kini telah diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, menandai selesainya peluncuran fitur ini di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur tersebut mendorong pengguna baru untuk menambahkan rujukan sebelum memublikasikan konten baru, sehingga membantu menekan pembatalan suntingan akibat kekurangan rujukan dan meningkatkan keterverifikasian. Hasil pengujian A/B menunjukkan dampak yang kuat: pengguna baru yang ditampilkan Pemeriksaan Rujukan sekitar 2,2 kali lebih sering menambahkan rujukan di desktop dan sekitar 17,5 kali lebih sering di web seluler. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|Ekstensi InterwikiSorting]], yang sebelumnya memungkinkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|pengurutan pranala antarwiki]], telah dinonaktifkan di Wikipedia. Dampaknya, penyunting yang mengaktifkan pengurutan pranala antarwiki dalam mode tidak ringkas (format daftar penuh) kini akan melihat urutan pranala berubah. Ke depannya, pranala antarwiki akan ditampilkan berdasarkan urutan alfabet kode bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, pengguna yang menyunting suatu bagian halaman menggunakan VisualEditor seluler akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman". Dengan mengetuk tombol tersebut, pengguna dapat langsung menyunting keseluruhan artikel. Fitur ini memudahkan ketika perubahan yang ingin dilakukan ternyata berada di luar bagian yang awalnya dibuka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] mengundang para penyunting untuk menilai apakah mode gelap masih perlu dianggap sebagai fitur beta di wiki masing-masing berdasarkan pengalaman penggunaan dan kinerjanya di perangkat desktop maupun seluler. Apabila fitur ini dinilai telah matang, para penyunting dapat memperbarui pesan antarmuka di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> dan <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> untuk menunjukkan bahwa mode gelap telah siap digunakan dan tidak lagi berstatus beta. * [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Tab Aktivitas]] yang telah ditingkatkan dan menampilkan wawasan pengguna kini tersedia untuk seluruh pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS (versi 7.9.0 dan yang lebih baru). Setelah uji A/B sebelumnya menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pembuatan akun pada pengguna yang memiliki akses ke fitur ini, pembaruan tersebut kini diluncurkan kepada 100% pengguna, dan disertai dengan sejumlah penyempurnaan. Tab Aktivitas kini menampilkan artikel-artikel yang telah disunting dalam lini masa, menyajikan wawasan dampak penyuntingan seperti jumlah kontribusi dan tren kunjungan artikel, serta menyediakan opsi penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan aplikasi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang sebelumnya menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] tidak berfungsi di perangkat seluler kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fungsionalitasnya kembali berjalan sepenuhnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] yang mendukung fitur ini terus dikembangkan. Pembaruan terbaru menambahkan [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|kait baru]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, yang dijalankan setiap kali daftar pantauan dibangun ulang. Dengan adanya kait ini, gawai dan skrip pengguna kini dapat dijalankan pada halaman Istimewa tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Pébruari 2026 19.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Mode Ulang Tahun]] ke-25 Wikipedia kini telah tersedia di Wikipedia bahasa Betawi, Breton, Tionghoa, Ceko, Belanda, Inggris, Prancis, Gorontalo, Indonesia, Italia, Luksemburg, Madura, Sisilia, Spanyol, Thai, dan Vietnam. Fitur kampanye waktu terbatas ini merayakan 25 tahun Wikipedia dengan maskot ulang tahun bernama Baby Globe. Saat diaktifkan, Baby Globe akan muncul di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|sekitar 2.500 artikel]] dan dapat ditemukan oleh para pembaca. Komunitas dapat memilih untuk mengaktifkan Mode Ulang Tahun dengan mencapai konsensus di tingkat komunitas, lalu meminta pengurus untuk mengaktifkan dan menyesuaikan fitur tersebut melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|pengaturan komunitas]] di wiki lokal masing-masing. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur baru [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], yang memungkinkan penggunaan ulang rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Swedia, Polandia, dan [[:phab:T418209|beberapa wiki lainnya]]. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|Fitur ini dapat dicoba]] di proyek-proyek tersebut atau di testwiki dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Pembelajaran dari wiki percontohan pertama, yaitu Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, telah [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|dirilis dalam sebuah laporan]]. Jika [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|berminat untuk menjadi wiki percontohan]], silakan menghubungi tim Wikimedia Deutschland. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') akan tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia pekan ini. Fitur ini menampilkan pengingat kepada pengguna baru yang menempelkan teks ke dalam VisualEditor yang kemungkinan besar bukan hasil tulisan mereka sendiri agar mempertimbangkan risiko pelanggaran hak cipta. Pemeriksaan Tempel juga [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|menandai]] semua suntingan yang memunculkan pengingat tersebut untuk kemungkinan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Pengurus lokal dapat mengatur berbagai aspek fitur ini melalui [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Penelitian]] di 22 wiki menunjukkan bahwa Pemeriksaan Tempel menghasilkan penurunan relatif sebesar 18% pada suntingan yang dibatalkan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Para penerjemah dapat membantu [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate melokalkan] fitur ini dan fitur terkait lainnya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] akan melakukan standardisasi menu pengguna di pojok kanan atas bagi seluruh pengguna seluler agar lebih selaras dengan pengalaman di desktop. Saat ini, menu tersebut hanya terlihat oleh pengguna yang mengaktifkan Kontrol Seluler Lanjutan (''Advanced Mobile Controls''/AMC). Perubahan yang dilakukan hanya berupa pemindahan beberapa tombol yang sebelumnya berada di menu sisi kiri ke pojok kanan atas bagi pengguna yang tidak mengaktifkan AMC. Perubahan ini dijadwalkan diterapkan pada 9 Maret dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan antarmuka pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Mulai pekan 2 Maret, surel yang dikirim saat alamat surel pada suatu akun ditambahkan, dihapus, atau diubah akan beralih dari format teks biasa menjadi surel HTML yang tampilannya lebih rapi dan informatif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Saat ini, setiap pengguna dapat menyimpan hingga 2.000 notifikasi lama, dengan riwayat yang mencakup sejak 2013 ketika fitur ini diperkenalkan. Ke depan, sistem akan diubah sehingga hanya notifikasi dari lima tahun terakhir yang disimpan, tetapi dengan kapasitas yang ditingkatkan hingga 10.000 notifikasi. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan infrastruktur dalam jangka panjang sekaligus mengurangi kemungkinan notifikasi terbaru hilang lebih cepat dari yang seharusnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami penyempurnaan. Pembaruan terbaru meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan label. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini kini memungkinkan pengaktifan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|sistem pengganti bahasa]] (''language fallback'') untuk butir Wikidata yang tidak memiliki label dalam bahasa yang sedang ditampilkan, dan menampilkan label tersebut dalam bahasa Wikidata pilihan pengguna apabila tidak ada parameter URL <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * Tim Wikipedia Android telah memulai uji coba beta fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|pencarian hibrida]] di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani. Fitur pencarian hibrida ini dapat menangani pencarian berdasarkan makna maupun kata kunci, sehingga pembaca dapat menemukan informasi yang dicari secara lebih mudah langsung di Wikipedia. * Demi meningkatkan keamanan, anggota dari sejumlah kelompok pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Saat ini, 2FA menjadi syarat untuk menggunakan hak akses dalam kelompok tersebut, tetapi belum menjadi syarat untuk tercatat sebagai anggotanya. Karena kebijakan ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, perubahan akan [[phab:T418580|dilakukan secara bertahap mulai bulan Maret]]. Anggota kelompok terkait tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan satu-satunya metode 2FA yang tersisa di akun mereka. Selain itu, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA tidak dapat ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tersebut. Pengguna tetap dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama minimal satu metode 2FA tetap aktif. Pada paruh kedua bulan Maret, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok ini. Ketentuan ini berlaku untuk pengurus CentralNotice, pemeriksa, pengurus antarmuka, pengawas, staf Wikidata, staf Wikifunctions, WMF Office IT, dan WMF Trust & Safety. Tidak ada perubahan bagi pengguna lainnya. Jadwal pelaksanaan dapat dilihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya menghalangi pengguna untuk membuat sebuah instans (''instance'') di [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], dalam satu bulan ke depan Wikimedia Foundation akan menerapkan pembatasan jumlah permintaan (''rate limit'') API secara global pada seluruh API yang digunakan. Pada awal Maret, batas yang lebih ketat akan diberlakukan untuk permintaan yang tidak teridentifikasi dari luar Toolforge/WMCS dan permintaan API yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diterapkan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin agar dampaknya terhadap komunitas tetap minimal. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * Layanan ''Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment'' (LDF) akan dihentikan pada bulan Februari. Layanan ini hanya melayani lalu lintas yang terbatas, dan penggunaannya telah berhasil dialihkan ke metode akses data lain yang lebih sesuai untuk mendukung kebutuhan yang ada. Perangkat keras yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mendukung layanan LDF akan dialokasikan kembali guna menunjang proses migrasi sistem bagian belakang yang sedang berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * Pengurai Parsoid versi terbaru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|terus diperluas penggunaannya ke berbagai wiki lainnya]]. Penerapan ini mendukung keberlanjutan sistem dan mempermudah pengembangan fitur baru untuk kegiatan membaca dan penyuntingan. Kini, Parsoid telah menjadi pengurai utama di 488 wiki milik Wikimedia Foundation, termasuk 268 edisi Wikipedia. Cakupan tersebut mewakili lebih dari 10% dari total tayangan halaman di seluruh Wikipedia. * Proses dan kriteria untuk [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|mengajukan akses khusus]] ke umpan data berkapasitas tinggi dari API Wikimedia Enterprise (tanpa biaya untuk penggunaan yang sejalan dengan misi) [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|kini telah dipublikasikan]]. Publikasi ini bertujuan menyediakan dokumentasi yang lebih lengkap dan jelas bagi para pengguna. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], yang selama ini menjadi blog bagi komunitas teknis Wikimedia, [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ akan digabungkan] ke [[diffblog:|Diff]], blog yang memuat berita dan kegiatan komunitas. Proses penggabungan ini ditargetkan rampung pada April 2026. Setelah proses tersebut selesai, kiriman tulisan baru akan kembali dibuka untuk dipublikasikan. Semua tulisan, baik yang lama dan yang baru, tetap dapat dibaca melalui halaman khusus di https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Maret 2026 17.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari uji coba pengalihan peladen pusat data ke peladen cadangan, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|yang dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dialihkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Pengujian ini bertujuan memastikan layanan tetap tersedia dan mengurangi kemungkinan gangguan layanan, termasuk dalam keadaan darurat. * Pekan lalu, seluruh wiki sempat berada dalam mode hanya-baca selama sekitar dua jam. Selain itu, skrip pengguna dan gawai juga mengalami gangguan lebih lama dari biasanya. Kejadian ini disebabkan oleh sebuah insiden keamanan yang kini telah ditangani. Langkah-langkah untuk mencegah kejadian serupa masih terus dilakukan. Informasi terkini dapat dilihat pada [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|pengumuman di papan pengumuman penatalayan]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|tersedia terjemahan]]). '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna yang terkena beberapa pemblokiran saat mengakses melalui perangkat seluler kini akan melihat alasan untuk setiap pemblokiran secara terpisah, bukan lagi satu pesan umum. Hal ini membantu pengguna memahami alasan pemblokiran yang mereka alami serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Sebagai contoh, pengguna yang terdampak karena menggunakan VPN umum (seperti [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) akan mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai apa yang perlu dilakukan agar dapat kembali menyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] (''Suggestion Mode'') akan tersedia sebagai fitur beta di penyunting visual di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini memberikan berbagai saran tindakan yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki artikel Wikipedia, dan membantu pengguna mempelajari pedoman yang relevan. Pengaturan fitur ini dapat disesuaikan oleh setiap wiki dan juga dapat diperluas dengan menambahkan saran khusus. Pengaturan yang saat ini berlaku dapat dilihat di halaman [[Special:EditChecks]]. Selain itu, tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|panduan bagi pengurus untuk menyesuaikan]] pranala agar mengarah ke pedoman lokal. Mode Saran terhubung dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Pemeriksaan Suntingan]] yang memberikan saran perbaikan ketika seseorang sedang menulis konten baru. Ke depannya, tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') berencana menilai dampak fitur ini terhadap pengguna baru melalui sebuah percobaan terkontrol. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika posisi kursor menjadi tidak selaras saat menggunakan penyorotan sintaks CodeMirror (fitur yang memudahkan pembacaan teks wiki dan kode) kini telah diperbaiki. Masalah ini secara khusus memengaruhi pengguna yang menetapkan aturan jenis huruf dalam lembar gaya tersuai ketika membuat topik baru dengan menggunakan DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pembaruan pembatasan permintaan API: Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], pembatasan jumlah permintaan API secara global akan mulai diterapkan pada minggu ini. Pembatasan ini berlaku untuk permintaan tanpa User-Agent yang sesuai yang berasal dari luar Toolforge/WMCS, serta untuk permintaan API tanpa autentikasi yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diberlakukan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * API GraphQL yang baru kini telah tersedia. API ini dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih fleksibel untuk beberapa fitur di Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemudahan bagi pengembang, mendukung fleksibilitas penggunaan, dan mempercepat akses data. Pengguna dipersilakan untuk mencoba API ini dan [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|memberikan masukan]]. Pengembang juga dapat [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply mendaftar untuk mengikuti uji kegunaan]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] melanjutkan peningkatan pada [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] sepanjang Februari. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan kesalahan autentikasi, penanganan berkas berukuran besar, visibilitas antrean tugas, dan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai proses pengunggahan. Sejumlah pekerjaan masih terus berlangsung di beberapa bagian, termasuk perubahan yang berkaitan dengan metode pengunggahan dari sisi peladen yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|kabar terkini]] untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Panduan Artikel (''Article Guidance'') mengundang penyunting Wikipedia berpengalaman dari sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|wiki percontohan]] dan kontributor yang berminat dari Wikipedia lainnya untuk mengisi angket ini. Angket tersebut tersedia dalam [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform bahasa Inggris], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arab], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Jepang], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portugis], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persia], dan [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turki]. Jawaban yang diberikan akan membantu tim untuk menyesuaikan panduan bagi penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman, sekaligus membantu mereka mempelajari kebijakan dan praktik komunitas saat membuat artikel. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|halaman proyek tersebut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Maret 2026 18.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], telah digunakan untuk penyorotan sintaks teks wiki sejak November 2024. Fitur ini direncanakan keluar dari status beta pada Mei 2026 agar berbagai perbaikan dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|fitur]] baru dapat digunakan oleh semua penyunting yang memakai penyorot sintaks standar. Jika terdapat pertanyaan atau masukan terkait rencana penghapusan status beta pada fitur ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|silakan disampaikan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebagian perubahan pada kelompok pengguna lokal dilakukan oleh penatalayan di Meta-Wiki dan sebelumnya hanya dicatat di sana. Kini, perubahan hak pengguna lintas wiki akan dicatat di Meta-Wiki dan di wiki tempat pengguna tersebut berada. Langkah ini memudahkan penelusuran riwayat lengkap perubahan hak pengguna di wiki lokal. Catatan perubahan yang terjadi sebelumnya juga akan ditambahkan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * Pada wiki yang menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], jumlah perubahan tertunda yang ditampilkan di halaman [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] sebelumnya juga menghitung halaman yang sebenarnya sudah tidak menunggu peninjauan. Hal ini terjadi karena halaman tersebut telah dihapus dari sistem tanpa melalui proses peninjauan, misalnya karena dihapus, dipindahkan ke ruang nama lain, atau akibat perubahan konfigurasi wiki. Kini, jumlah yang ditampilkan telah diperbaiki sehingga lebih akurat. Di beberapa wiki, angka yang terlihat mungkin jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan sebelumnya. Daftar halaman yang ditampilkan seharusnya tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Bahasa komposisi yang digunakan di Wikifunctions telah ditulis ulang dan menghasilkan versi bahasa yang baru. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan layanan dengan mengurangi penggunaan memori pada orkestrator. Selain itu, pembaruan ini juga memungkinkan pengurangan waktu tunda secara signifikan, penyederhanaan kode, dan penerapan abstraksi yang lebih baik. Perubahan tersebut membuka peluang bagi pengembangan fitur baru pada tahap berikutnya. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|pembaruan ini]] dapat dibaca pada penjelasan yang tersedia. * Pengguna kini dapat mengurutkan hasil pencarian secara alfabetis berdasarkan judul halaman. Pembaruan ini menambahkan opsi baru yang dapat membantu menemukan halaman dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Sebelumnya, hasil pencarian hanya dapat diurutkan berdasarkan tanggal penyuntingan, tanggal pembuatan, atau tingkat relevansi. Untuk menggunakan opsi baru ini, buka menu "Pencarian lanjutan" pada halaman hasil pencarian, lalu pilih "Alfabetis" pada bagian "Urutan pengurutan". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang sebelumnya membuat UploadWizard di Wikimedia Commons tidak dapat mengimpor berkas dari Flickr kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah halaman istimewa baru, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], telah dibuat untuk menampilkan daftar halaman yang ditransklusikan dan ditandai memiliki galat pemeriksaan kode (''lint''). Halaman ini membantu pengguna menemukan kesalahan tersebut dengan lebih mudah. Daftar yang ditampilkan akan diurutkan berdasarkan jumlah transklusi yang mengandung galat. Contohnya dapat dilihat pada halaman [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Pengguna fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai pengganti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman berisi JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua sejak beberapa waktu terakhir. Seiring dengan rencana mengeluarkan CodeMirror 6 dari status beta, CodeEditor juga direncanakan akan digantikan sebagai penyunting standar untuk jenis konten tersebut pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Masukan atau tanggapan tentang rencana ini sangat dipersilakan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Modul JavaScript [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] akan segera diperbarui ke CodeMirror 6. Menjelang pembaruan tersebut, pemuatan modul <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> atau <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> dari gawai dan skrip pengguna telah dinyatakan usang sejak Juli 2025. Penggunaan kait <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> juga telah dinyatakan usang sejak Maret 2025. Kontributor kini dapat menyesuaikan skrip atau gawai mereka agar kompatibel dengan CodeMirror 6. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|panduan migrasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang memperluas cakupan definisi modul REST API agar juga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|API dari ekstensi]]. Modul REST API merupakan kelompok titik akhir yang saling berkaitan dan dapat dikelola serta diberi versi secara mandiri. Saat ini, modul tersebut sudah tersedia untuk API [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] dan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions]. Seiring dengan pemindahan API ekstensi ke struktur ini, dokumentasinya akan dipindahkan dari spesifikasi utama MediaWiki OpenAPI dan tampilan REST Sandbox. Selanjutnya, dokumentasi tersebut dapat diakses melalui opsi khusus modul pada menu tarik turun di [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (yaitu di [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], yang tersedia di semua proyek wiki). * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] menyediakan berbagai informasi tentang wiki tempat modul digunakan melalui pustaka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]]. Sejak pekan lalu, pustaka tersebut juga menyediakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|cara]] untuk mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|ID wiki]]. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan pemeliharaan modul yang digunakan di berbagai wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2026]], yang merayakan berbagai perkakas terbaik yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas, kini telah membuka proses nominasi. Nominasi untuk perkakas favorit dapat diajukan melalui [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en formulir survei nominasi] paling lambat 23 Maret 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai privasi dan pengelolaan data dapat dilihat pada [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|pernyataan privasi survei]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Maret 2026 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|obrolan]])</bdi> 19 Maret 2026 11.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat masuk log ke akun mereka tanpa menggunakan kata sandi melalui penggunaan kunci sandi (''passkey''). Metode ini merupakan cara yang aman dan didukung oleh autentikasi seperti sidik jari, pengenalan wajah, atau PIN. Dengan adanya perubahan ini, semua pengguna yang memilih masuk log tanpa kata sandi akan merasakan proses yang lebih mudah, lebih cepat, dan lebih aman saat mengakses akun mereka dari berbagai perangkat. Opsi masuk menggunakan kunci sandi saat ini ditampilkan sebagai saran pengisian otomatis pada kolom nama pengguna. Dalam waktu dekat, [[phab:T417120|tombol tambahan "Masuk log dengan kunci sandi"]] juga akan tersedia bagi pengguna yang telah mendaftarkan kunci sandi mereka sebelumnya. Pembaruan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keamanan sekaligus memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik. [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|Rekaman layar]] yang disertakan memperlihatkan proses masuk log tanpa kata sandi secara bertahap, langkah demi langkah. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka pengujian pencadangan melalui pengalihan peladen pusat data (''datacenter server switchover'') yang [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan tersebut, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dipindahkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketersediaan layanan sekaligus memastikan bahwa layanan tetap dapat berjalan tanpa gangguan, bahkan dalam situasi darurat. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat mengekspor notifikasi mereka yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun dengan menggunakan sebuah [[toolforge:echo-chamber|perkakas baru di Toolforge]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk tetap menyimpan notifikasi penting mereka, sekaligus menghindari risiko terhapusnya notifikasi tersebut seiring rencana penghapusan notifikasi yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun, sebagaimana telah diumumkan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Para penyunting Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, Thai, Turki, dan Simple English kini memiliki akses ke Special:PersonalDashboard. Fitur ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|versi awal dari sebuah pengalaman]] yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan alur kerja patroli kepada penyunting yang lebih baru, sehingga mereka dapat beralih secara lebih mudah dari sekadar melakukan suntingan menuju keterlibatan dalam tugas moderasi yang lebih lanjut di proyek mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * Halaman [[Special:Block]] kini mengalami dua perubahan kecil pada antarmukanya. Pengurus kini dapat dengan lebih mudah menetapkan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu melalui tombol pilihan (''radio button'') khusus yang tersedia pada bagian masa berlaku. Selain itu, ketika masa berlaku tanpa batas dipilih, akan muncul kumpulan alasan umum yang berbeda untuk dipilih, yang dapat disesuaikan melalui halaman [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Para penyunting seluler [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|di beberapa wiki]] kini dapat melihat peringatan penyuntingan dalam keadaan belum masuk log (''logged-out'') yang telah ditingkatkan, berkat pembaruan terbaru dari tim Pertumbuhan. Perubahan yang dirilis pada pekan lalu ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dan pengujian yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|pembuatan akun di perangkat seluler]], dan mendorong peningkatan partisipasi pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:36}} {{PLURAL:36|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, galat yang sebelumnya menyebabkan pengguna web seluler tidak dapat melihat informasi pemblokiran ketika mereka terdampak oleh beberapa pemblokiran sekaligus kini telah diperbaiki. Kini, saat mengakses Wikipedia, mereka dapat melihat pesan dari seluruh pemblokiran yang sedang berlaku terhadap akun atau alamat IP mereka. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Citra yang dibangun menggunakan Toolforge dalam waktu dekat akan mendapatkan pembaruan versi ''buildpacks'' (kumpulan skrip dan konfigurasi untuk membangun aplikasi secara otomatis), yang menghadirkan dukungan bagi versi bahasa pemrograman yang lebih baru serta berbagai peningkatan dan perbaikan dari sumber pengembang utama (''upstream''). Jika menggunakan Toolforge Build Service, disarankan untuk meninjau surel terbaru dari [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ milis cloud-announce] dan memperbarui konfigurasi ''build'' sesuai kebutuhan, guna memastikan bahwa perkakas yang digunakan tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan tersebut. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * Wiki dokumentasi [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] akan ditutup pada Juni 2026. Kunci API yang dibuat melalui API Portal akan tetap berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Titik akhir api.wikimedia.org akan dihentikan secara bertahap mulai Juli 2026. Dokumentasi yang sebelumnya tersedia di API Portal sedang dipindahkan ke [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dipelajari melalui [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek]] yang tersedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] (inisiatif dari Wikimedia Deutschland yang berfokus pada pengembangan fitur berdasarkan kebutuhan teknis komunitas) tengah mempertimbangkan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|penamaan referensi yang dihasilkan secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Para pengguna dipersilakan untuk meninjau [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solusi yang diusulkan]] serta berpartisipasi dalam proses [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|permintaan tanggapan]] yang sedang berlangsung. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Maret 2026 16.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Versi Beta dari [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]], proyek baru Wikimedia yang tidak terikat dengan bahasa, telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. Proyek ini memungkinkan berbagai komunitas untuk menyusun artikel Wikipedia dalam bahasa asli mereka, yang kemudian dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pengguna lain dalam bahasa masing-masing. Wiki ini dijalankan melalui serangkaian instruksi dari Wikifunctions, dan didukung oleh konten terstruktur yang berasal dari Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang menjalankan uji A/B untuk mengevaluasi pesan yang lebih jelas dan ramah pengguna dalam mendorong pembuatan akun di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, ketika pengguna seluler yang belum masuk log mulai melakukan penyuntingan, mereka akan dihadapkan pada pesan peringatan yang terasa mendadak dan dapat mengurangi minat untuk melanjutkan kontribusi. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga menjadikan penyuntingan dengan akun sementara sebagai pilihan bawaan, alih-alih mendorong pengguna untuk membuat akun. Uji coba ini berlangsung di sepuluh Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Jerman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Apps'') mengundang Anda untuk memberi masukan mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|cara proses penyuntingan seharusnya bekerja di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia]]. Diskusi ini berfokus pada upaya meningkatkan cara pengguna mengakses berbagai alat penyuntingan saat mereka mengetuk tombol "Sunting". Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk mengarahkan para pembaca yang mulai tertarik menyunting agar dapat menemukan jalur yang lebih ramah pengguna ketika mereka mulai berkontribusi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:45}} {{PLURAL:45|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah ketika pengambilan sitasi dari arsip surat kabar besar [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] tidak lagi berfungsi, akibat adanya pemblokiran pada permintaan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]], kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Maret 2026 19.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 3 April 2026 17.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dilengkapi dengan fitur baru untuk penetapan tujuan kelompok, yang memungkinkan para penyelenggara menetapkan dan memantau target acara, seperti jumlah artikel yang dibuat dan jumlah kontributor yang berpartisipasi, secara langsung. Di sisi lain, para peserta juga dapat bergerak menuju target bersama dan melihat dampak kolektif yang dihasilkan seiring berlangsungnya acara. Fitur ini kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Pelajari lebih lanjut dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|dokumentasinya]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|label daftar pantauan]] yang baru (yang diumumkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Berita Teknis 2026-07]]) kini telah tersedia melalui VisualEditor, penyunting sumber, dan "''watchstar''" (pranala pantau). Sebelumnya, pemberian label hanya dapat dilakukan melalui [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. Kini, di ketiga tempat tersebut, tersedia kolom baru yang terletak setelah kolom masa kedaluwarsa. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada halaman pembicaraan di perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Parsoid, yang membuat halaman menjadi tidak dapat digunakan setelah munculnya tajuk bagian yang kosong, kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Fitur subreferensi]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan keterangan pada referensi yang sudah ada tanpa perlu membuatnya dua kali, akan diluncurkan secara bertahap ke [[phab:T414094|lebih banyak wiki]] pada akhir tahun ini. Wiki yang menggunakan gawai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] dianjurkan untuk memperbarui versinya (umumnya berada di [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] seperti ditunjukkan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 di sini]) guna menjaga kompatibilitas. Gawai lain yang berkaitan dengan referensi juga berpotensi terdampak. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * Seluruh edisi Wikinews dijadwalkan untuk ditutup dan dialihkan ke mode hanya-baca pada 4 Mei 2026. Meskipun seluruh konten tetap dapat diakses, tidak akan ada lagi penyuntingan atau penambahan artikel baru. Keputusan penutupan ini telah disetujui oleh Dewan Pengawas Wikimedia Foundation setelah melalui rangkaian diskusi yang panjang. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|API tindakan]] (''action API'') selama ini menyediakan berbagai format keluaran sesuai permintaan. Salah satunya, yaitu <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, akan segera dihentikan. Oleh karena itu, pastikan skrip atau bot yang Anda gunakan telah beralih ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|format JSON]]. Perubahan ini diperkirakan hanya akan berdampak pada sebagian kecil skrip dan bot. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * Halaman [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] kini juga memuat nama lain (alias) ruang nama. Sebagai contoh, "WP" digunakan sebagai alias untuk ruang nama "Project" ("Wikipedia") di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 April 2026 16.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting berpengalaman diundang untuk [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page menguji] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]], yang dirancang untuk membantu penyunting dengan pengalaman lebih terbatas dalam membuat artikel Wikipedia yang terstruktur dengan baik dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang berlaku. Petunjuk pengujian telah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|tersedia]] dan dapat diikuti sebagai panduan. Setelah meninjau [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance kerangka artikel] yang disediakan, mohon memberikan umpan balik melalui [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. Masukan tersebut akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan fitur ini sebelum kemudian diterapkan pada Wikipedia percontohan untuk diterjemahkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap komunitas. Sebuah [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] penjelasan mengenai fitur ini juga tersedia untuk disimak. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di sejumlah besar wiki, kini semua pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed users'') dapat menggunakan halaman [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|membuat halaman baru dengan model konten khusus]], seperti daftar pesan massal, sehingga format halaman tersuai menjadi lebih mudah diakses. Untuk mengetahui statusnya di wiki masing-masing, silakan periksa halaman [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') telah meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|eksperimen pembuatan akun]] untuk mengevaluasi apakah penambahan tombol pembuatan akun pada bagian kepala halaman versi web seluler dapat meningkatkan jumlah pendaftaran akun baru sekaligus mendorong lebih banyak pengguna seluler untuk berkontribusi di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, eksperimen tersebut sedang berlangsung di Wikipedia bahasa Hindi, Indonesia, Bengali, Thai, dan Ibrani, serta menyasar 10% pengguna web seluler yang belum masuk log. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kendala yang menyebabkan VisualEditor berhenti pada proses pemuatan di perangkat Windows ketika animasi dinonaktifkan, kini telah berhasil diatasi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir pekan ini, {{int:group-abusefilter}} yang telah mengaktifkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting di halaman [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]], menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten di berbagai jenis penyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Perkakas dan bot yang mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|API Notifications]] melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi> perlu memperbarui izin OAuth atau BotPassword mereka agar juga mencakup akses ke notifikasi privat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Karena adanya pembaruan pustaka, urutan daftar pada halaman kategori mungkin akan menjadi tidak berurutan mulai Senin, 20 April. Sebuah skrip migrasi akan dijalankan untuk memperbaikinya, dan proses ini dapat berlangsung dari beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari, tergantung pada ukuran wiki (bahkan hingga sekitar satu minggu untuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 April 2026 15.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah dua tahun pengembangan, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], akan diluncurkan dari tahap beta pada Selasa, 21 April. Fitur ini membawa peningkatan keterbacaan kode dan teks wiki, pengurangan kesalahan pengetikan, beserta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|manfaat]] lainnya bagi semua pengguna penyorot sintaks standar. Ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada sukarelawan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] yang telah mengembangkan banyak fitur baru, termasuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|pelipatan kode]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|pemeriksaan sintaks]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebuah pembaruan besar untuk aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS kini sedang diluncurkan, dengan antarmuka yang didesain ulang agar selaras dengan desain visual terbaru Apple, "Liquid Glass". Silakan [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 unduh versi terbaru] dan telusuri pembaruannya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Daftar bacaan]] merupakan fitur yang memungkinkan para pembaca menyimpan artikel ke dalam daftar untuk dibaca nanti. Fitur ini sedang dalam tahap beta di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Mandarin, serta secara bawaan untuk semua akun baru di semua Wikipedia. * Percobaan yang mengeksplorasi perluasan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Pratinjau Halaman ke versi seluler]] akan diluncurkan pada pekan tanggal 20 April di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, Polandia, dan Vietnam. Pratinjau Halaman merupakan jendela sembulan yang menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala untuk membuka artikel lengkap dari pranala berwarna biru, sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam menemukan konten. Fitur ini sudah tersedia di versi desktop dan aplikasi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Lihat selengkapnya mengenai uji coba ini dan uji coba lainnya]]. * Di beberapa wiki, para penyunting yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surel mereka]] sekarang dapat melihat spanduk yang meminta mereka untuk lakukan hal tersebut. Dengan memiliki alamat surel yang terkonfirmasi, pengguna dapat memulihkan akses ke akunnya jika akun tersebut tidak dapat diakses. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:15}} {{PLURAL:15|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pemuatan lambat, tampilan pratinjau yang lambat, dan guliran yang lambat saat menyunting halaman wiki berukuran sangat besar di editor teks wiki 2017, serta masalah kinerja saat memilih, memotong, atau menempelkan konten, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari upaya mempromosikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] dari status fitur beta, seluruh pengguna kini akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] alih-alih [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman konten berformat JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Layanan <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> yang selama ini digunakan oleh pengguna Debian dan Ubuntu akan dihentikan dan tidak lagi berfungsi mulai 15 Mei. Sumber daya yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk layanan ini akan dialihkan ke opsi baru yang dinilai lebih baik. Sejumlah pengguna mungkin perlu beralih ke peladen lain yang diperkirakan hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar satu menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia untuk dibaca]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * Tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> akan dihapus dari [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. Jika perkakas atau kueri yang digunakan masih mengakses tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> atau <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> secara langsung, disarankan untuk segera memperbaruinya agar menggunakan tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> sebelum 28 Mei. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Setelah penerapan terbaru mengenai pembatasan laju global API (''global API rate limits'') pada lalu lintas yang tidak teridentifikasi, Wikimedia Foundation akan melanjutkan upaya untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]] dengan mulai menerapkan pembatasan global juga pada lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi, dimulai pada pekan terakhir April. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin guna meminimalkan dampak terhadap komunitas. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan pada dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] serta bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] kini telah tersedia dalam versi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. API ini berfungsi untuk mengambil informasi yang diperlukan dalam memberikan atribusi (kredit) terhadap artikel dan berkas media Wikimedia di mana pun konten tersebut digunakan. Dokumentasi referensi tersedia melalui halaman spesial REST Sandbox yang dapat diakses di seluruh wiki Wikimedia (misalnya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]). Umpan balik dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 April 2026 15.00 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Terdapat perubahan dalam cara pengguna baru memperoleh status terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') yang bertujuan meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap vandalisme. Selama ini, pengguna yang telah memiliki akun selama beberapa hari dan melakukan sejumlah suntingan akan otomatis masuk ke dalam kelompok [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]]. Namun, pengaturan ini kerap dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian pelaku vandalisme yang membuat akun lalu baru menggunakannya setelah beberapa waktu. Untuk mengatasinya, aturan tersebut akan diperbarui mulai pekan depan. Dalam penentuan status terkonfirmasi otomatis, usia akun akan dihitung sejak suntingan pertama, bukan sejak tanggal pendaftaran. Nilai ambang usia tetap tidak berubah. Perubahan ini hanya akan diterapkan pada wiki yang menuntut sekurang-kurangnya satu suntingan sebagai bagian dari kriteria terkonfirmasi otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * Kini, seluruh pengguna Wikipedia dengan akun baru, serta mereka yang mengaktifkan opsi "Secara otomatis mengaktifkan sebagian besar fitur beta" dalam preferensi, dapat menggunakan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|daftar bacaan]] (''reading lists''). Fitur ini membantu mengelola minat membaca dalam satu tempat agar mudah diakses. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar pada kotak info (''infobox'') memiliki jarak kosong yang sangat besar di Firefox kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai pengingat, pembatasan laju global pada API (''rate limits'') akan mulai diterapkan pekan ini terhadap lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi. Langkah ini bertujuan menjaga [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|penggunaan infrastruktur tetap adil]]. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang disarankan mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk batasan yang berlaku, dapat dilihat pada dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] dan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 April 2026 18.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] mengundang para penyunting berpengalaman dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|Wikipedia percontohan]]: Arab, Bengali, Jepang, Portugis, Persia, Turki, Inggris Sederhana, Spanyol, dan Prancis, untuk turut membantu menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance contoh kerangka artikel]. Kerangka ini akan menjadi pedoman bagi para penyunting dalam menyusun artikel yang jelas, terstruktur dengan baik, dan sesuai dengan kebijakan, saat [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle fitur tersebut] resmi diluncurkan pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Petunjuk sederhana]] mengenai cara menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan kerangka tersebut juga telah disediakan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|rancangan rekomendasi]] mengenai model yang dapat diikuti oleh para organisasi afiliasi ketika berkontribusi di ranah teknis. Anggota komunitas diundang untuk memberikan umpan balik terhadap rekomendasi ini hingga 8 Mei melalui [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Jumlah pilihan ukuran keluku (''thumbnail'') di MediaWiki kini disederhanakan menjadi tiga opsi baku: Kecil (180 piksel), Sedang (250 piksel), dan Besar (400 piksel), sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kinerja serta mengurangi beban pada layanan keluku. Akibatnya, preferensi yang sudah ada akan dipetakan ke ukuran baru yang paling mendekati (misalnya, pilihan kecil seperti 120 piksel atau 150 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 180 piksel, sementara pilihan lebih besar seperti 300 piksel atau 360 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 400 piksel). Antarmuka preferensi akan segera diperbarui untuk mencerminkan perubahan ini. Pengguna yang ingin menonaktifkan atau memberikan umpan balik dipersilakan melakukannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * Mulai saat ini, bahkan ketika suatu hak akses berakhir secara otomatis, pengguna tetap akan menerima pemberitahuan melalui Echo yang serupa dengan pemberitahuan standar untuk perubahan hak akses. Hal ini berbeda dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|bot pengingat global]] yang mengingatkan pengguna satu minggu ''sebelum'' hak akses berakhir agar dapat diperpanjang. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada pemilih bahasa ULS di [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] yang sebelumnya dapat bergulir secara vertikal meskipun tidak diperlukan, kini telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, saat pengguna membuka menu tarik-turun "Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris" dan mengetikkan masukan tertentu, kotak dialog akan bergeser beberapa piksel ke bawah meskipun ruang tampilan masih mencukupi. Kini, menu tersebut tidak lagi bergeser secara tidak perlu saat menyaring bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami peningkatan. Sebagai contoh, daftar pantauan untuk situs berbasis Wikibase seperti [[:d:|Wikidata]] kini mendukung elemen [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] untuk pelacakan yang lebih baik. Mode pembaruan langsung kini menyegarkan halaman khusus setiap 60 detik agar selaras dengan pembatasan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|laju API global terbaru]], sehingga meningkatkan respons waktu nyata. Selain itu, kesalahan arah teks yang sebelumnya menampilkan pranala sebagai "perubahan 3" alih-alih "3 perubahan" dalam daftar dengan arah campuran juga telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tahap kedua penerapan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|pembatasan laju API global]] telah diluncurkan untuk mengurangi [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|dampak perayap kecerdasan buatan]] serta memastikan akses yang adil dan berkelanjutan terhadap sumber daya Wikimedia, dengan memprioritaskan lalu lintas manusia dan yang selaras dengan misi. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Batasan]] yang sebelumnya dihitung per jam kini diubah menjadi per menit, sehingga menghasilkan pola lalu lintas yang lebih halus dan beban API yang lebih terprediksi. Pengguna komunitas diperkirakan tidak akan terdampak, dan tidak ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan. Indikasi awal menunjukkan bahwa sebagian peminta berbasis User-Agent mulai menyesuaikan perilakunya, dan sekitar 64% lalu lintas API otomatis telah berhasil diidentifikasi. Pemantauan terus dilakukan, dan layanan Wikimedia Enterprise tetap tersedia untuk dukungan komersial. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Méi 2026 20.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas Teknis telah mempublikasikan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|panduan baru]] yang menjelaskan bagaimana keinginan pada Daftar Harapan Komunitas disaring dan diprioritaskan. Dokumentasi ini bertujuan untuk membantu kontributor baru dalam menulis proposal yang lebih baik dengan menjelaskan faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan prioritas. Selain hitungan suara, panduan ini menyorot pertimbangan seperti potensi dampak pada komunitas ketika menentukan keinginan yang akan diteruskan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca sedang meluncurkan pengujian untuk menakar [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|fitur Kartu Berbagi]] yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk membuat kartu yang menarik secara visual dari artikel Wikipedia atau bagian artikel yang dipilih dan membagikannya secara daring. Setiap kartu akan menautkan kembali ke artikel awal untuk meningkatkan pembaca dan penemuan artikel. Pengujian A/B hanya perangkat seluler akan tersedia pada beberapa pembaca di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tiongkok, Prancis, Vietnam, dan Inggris untuk memahami lebih lanjut tentang kebiasaan pembaca dan pembagian, dan akan dijadwalkan dimulai pada pekan 18 Mei dan berjalan selama empat minggu. * Aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dan iOS meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|tantangan membaca 25 hari]] ke fitur Beta sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan pembaca dengan mendorong pengguna menyelesaikan pencapaian bacaan. Untuk melacak rentetan bacaan mereka selama periode tantangan, pengguna aplikasi dapat menambahkan gawit Baby Globe pada layar utama mereka. Tantangan ini secara resmi dimulai pada 11 Mei. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:17}} {{PLURAL:17|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, masalah ketika pengaturan global untuk mengaktifkan penyorotan sintaks pada teks wiki dapat menonaktifkan dirinya sendiri secara tiba-tiba setelah diaktifkan, sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Perihal kelanjutan]] Modul ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, sudah dihentikan sejak [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], akan dihapus pekan ini. Terdapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|panduan untuk memigrasikannya dari UI MediaWiki ke Codex]] untuk perkakas apa pun yang menggunakannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Méi 2026 19.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Abstract Wikipedia telah mengidentifikasi lima wiki potensial untuk menilai ketertarikan mereka dalam mengadopsi artikel abstrak di wiki masing-masing. Wiki percontohan tersebut meliputi Wikipedia bahasa Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arab, dan Indonesia. Masa pemberian masukan akan dibuka hingga 22 Mei. Jika komunitas Anda tertarik menjadi bagian dari proyek uji coba ini, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|silakan beri tahu kami melalui Meta]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebuah uji coba untuk menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log di web seluler akan dimulai pada 18 Mei di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, serta Urdu, dan berlangsung selama satu bulan. Upaya ini mendukung tujuan yang lebih luas untuk membantu pembaca menyimpan dan mengatur artikel agar dapat dibaca kembali di lain waktu, sekaligus mendorong kebiasaan yang berpotensi mengarah pada kontribusi di Wikipedia pada masa mendatang. * Untuk mendukung tombol markah dalam fitur beta Daftar Bacaan, menu "Perkakas > Tindakan" kini diperbarui dengan tampilan ikon, termasuk penanda bintang pantauan yang membantu penyunting mengenali artikel yang dipantau sementara. Ikon-ikon tersebut kini juga disesuaikan dengan tampilan di perangkat seluler sehingga menciptakan konsistensi antarplatform yang lebih baik. Perubahan ini saat ini masih terbatas pada menu tindakan dan terutama memengaruhi penyunting dengan hak pengguna khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] telah dirilis sebagai sebuah [[w:en:A/B test|uji A/B]] bagi penyunting baru di situs web seluler pada [[phab:T421189|sekitar 15 Wikipedia]]. Eksperimen ini akan mengukur dampak Mode Saran terhadap persentase sesi penyuntingan pengguna baru di web seluler yang menghasilkan suntingan artikel yang konstruktif (''unreverted''). Selain itu, uji coba ini juga akan mengevaluasi pengaruh fitur tersebut terhadap tingkat retensi penyunting, serta memantau perubahan pada tingkat pengembalian suntingan (''revert'') dan pemblokiran pengguna. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang terkadang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat setelah membuka notifikasi daftar bacaan rekomendasi kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata]] telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|rekomendasi pengganti sistem sisi belakang]] beserta rancangan [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|arsitektur teknis]] untuk migrasi Layanan Kueri Wikidata (WDQS) dari grap Blazegraph. Masukan dibuka hingga 25 Mei 2026, terutama berkenaan dengan kemungkinan celah maupun dampaknya terhadap penggunaan tingkat lanjut. Anggota komunitas Wikidata dan pengguna WDQS juga didorong untuk membantu mengidentifikasi perkakas dan alur kerja berdampak tinggi yang mungkin memerlukan perhatian lebih pada [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|halaman terkait]]. Masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|halaman pembicaraan migrasi]] atau saat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|sesi pembicaraan berikutnya]]. Lihat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala tim WDP]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Jepang, dan beberapa bahasa lainnya, sempat dilakukan [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|uji coba penggunaan hCaptcha]], layanan pendeteksi bot pihak ketiga. Uji coba tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hCaptcha cukup efektif dalam mendeteksi dan menghambat sejumlah aktivitas otomatis yang dilakukan dengan niat buruk, baik secara langsung maupun dengan memberikan sinyal tambahan kepada [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|para pemeriksa dan penatalayan]] untuk melakukan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Karena hasilnya dinilai positif, hCaptcha akan diterapkan di seluruh wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|Lihat halaman proyek hCaptcha]] untuk informasi teknis mengenai implementasi dan perlindungan privasinya. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Kabar terbaru dari Teknis Komunitas kini telah tersedia, menampilkan perkembangan berbagai inisiatif Daftar Harapan Komunitas, termasuk perluasan fitur Daftar Bacaan dari aplikasi seluler ke situs web, dukungan bahasa baru untuk fitur "Siapa yang Menulisnya" ("''Who Wrote That''") dan Dasbor Pribadi, peningkatan pada perenderan 3D dan grafik, serta rencana pengembangan mendatang mengenai pengurutan halaman pembicaraan, pemutaran audio, dan alur penyuntingan. Pembaruan tersebut juga membagikan prioritas saat ini, tren status daftar harapan, serta peluang bagi komunitas untuk memberikan masukan mengenai fokus pengembangan di masa depan dan Rencana Tahunan Wikimedia Foundation 2026–2027. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Baca nawala lengkapnya untuk informasi lebih lanjut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18 Méi 2026 20.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|uji coba pembuatan akun berjalan dengan sukses]], pesan peringatan penyuntingan bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki Wikimedia pada minggu pertama Juni. Perubahan ini hanya akan memengaruhi pengguna yang belum masuk log di web seluler ketika mereka membuka sesi penyuntingan. Pengalaman baru tersebut dirancang untuk mendorong pembuatan akun dengan lebih jelas, sambil tetap memungkinkan pengguna menyunting menggunakan akun sementara. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pembuatan akun, dengan kenaikan relatif sebesar 27% pada pengguna yang melihat pesan terbaru tersebut. Seperti yang diperkirakan, semakin banyak pengguna yang diarahkan untuk membuat akun, jumlah akun sementara pun menurun sebesar 16% secara relatif. Percobaan ini tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan terhadap tingkat suntingan konstruktif atau metrik kontributor lain yang dipantau. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Demi alasan keamanan, anggota dari kelompok pengguna tertentu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Anggota dari kelompok tersebut tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan metode 2FA terakhir pada akun mereka, dan pengguna tanpa 2FA juga tidak dapat ditambahkan ke kelompok tersebut. Pengguna masih dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama setidaknya satu metode tetap aktif setiap saat. Dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok tersebut. Secara khusus, ketentuan ini berlaku juga bagi para birokrat. Jadwal penerapannya dapat dilihat pada tugas terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Tim Harapan Teknis Wikimedia Deutschland]] akan menjalankan [[w:en:A/B testing|uji A/B]] di [[:phab:T415904|10 wiki]] untuk menguji sejumlah kemungkinan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|Pratayang Referensi]]. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama sekitar dua minggu pada akhir Mei hingga awal Juni, dan akan memengaruhi 10% pembaca desktop di wiki yang berpartisipasi. * Setelah dua uji coba yang berhasil, tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penelusuran Gambar]] untuk seluruh Wikipedia versi seluler pada 25 Mei. Dengan demikian, pengguna yang mengaktifkan seluruh fitur beta secara bawaan akan mulai melihat fitur ini, sementara pengguna lain dapat mengaktifkannya melalui preferensi masing-masing. Fitur beta tersebut akan menampilkan karusel seluruh gambar dalam sebuah artikel di bagian atas halaman artikel, lengkap dengan [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|kendali bagi penyunting untuk mengecualikan gambar tertentu dari karusel artikel atau mengecualikan artikel sepenuhnya dari fitur ini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, berkas STL tiga dimensi sebelumnya ditampilkan secara tidak tepat oleh ekstensi penampil media (''media viewer'') 3D, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelas CSS lama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> telah digantikan oleh <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> karena kedua kelas lama tersebut tidak bekerja secara konsisten di seluruh platform MediaWiki, terutama pada web seluler dan aplikasi seluler. Proyek yang masih menggunakan kelas tersebut dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaannya dan mulai merencanakan migrasi. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> juga berpotensi tidak digunakan lagi di masa mendatang, meskipun saat ini belum ada rencana untuk melakukannya. [[phab:T426452|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Méi 2026 21.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Survey (proposed direction for Wishlist) == Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}. You are invited to voice your opinion on a new [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|community-proposed direction]] for the [[m:Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 29 Méi 2026 03.07 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:기나ㅏㄴ@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%E3%85%8F%E3%84%B4/MassMessage&oldid=30604233 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menjalankan sebuah eksperimen untuk menampilkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|daftar bacaan]], yang saat ini masih dalam tahap pengembangan, kepada pembaca seluler yang belum masuk log. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji apakah fitur tersebut dapat mendorong pembuatan akun dengan tingkat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tombol bintang pantauan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|Eksperimen ]]ini diluncurkan pada 18 Mei di wiki bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, dan Urdu, serta akan berlangsung selama satu bulan. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia telah merilis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Fase 1]] dari beranda yang telah didesain ulang pada aplikasi Android Beta. Beranda baru ini mencakup tab "Komunitas" yang diperbarui serta tab "Untuk Anda" yang dipersonalisasi, yang menampilkan rekomendasi bacaan yang diperbarui setiap hari. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan penemuan konten serta menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih menarik di aplikasi Wikipedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat pada beberapa suntingan yang disarankan di [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], sehingga keluku (''thumbnail'') terus berada dalam keadaan memuat, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Juni 2026 21.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Enterprise telah meningkatkan batas penggunaan gratis layanan API yang ditawarkannya. Batas permintaan bulanan untuk API Berdasarkan Permintaan (''On-Demand API'') meningkat dari 5.000 menjadi 50.000 permintaan, sedangkan batas untuk API Salinan Data (''Snapshot API'') meningkat dari 15 menjadi 30 permintaan per bulan. Selain itu, salinan data Konten Terstruktur (''Structured Contents snapshot'') kini juga tersedia bagi akun gratis. Perubahan ini memperluas akses terhadap data Wikimedia Enterprise bagi pengembang, peneliti, dan organisasi yang memanfaatkan konten Wikimedia. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Umpan Jelajah (''Explore Feed'') yang telah diperbarui]] dan kini bernama Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') mulai diluncurkan kepada 50% pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android. Umpan Beranda membantu pembaca menemukan konten yang relevan melalui dua tab baru, yaitu Komunitas (''Community'') dan Untuk Anda (''For You''). Tab Komunitas menyediakan aliran konten yang dapat digulir berisi materi pilihan dan pembaruan dari komunitas dan gerakan Wikimedia secara luas. Sementara itu, tab Untuk Anda menawarkan pengalaman layar penuh yang dapat dijelajahi dengan menggeser layar, menampilkan konten yang disesuaikan dengan minat pengguna. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan kemudahan menemukan informasi serta memperkaya pengalaman belajar di aplikasi Wikipedia. * Permainan kuis harian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Mana yang lebih dulu?]] (''Which came first?'') kini tersedia dalam versi beta aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. Permainan ini memanfaatkan peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah dari konten Wikipedia "Pada Hari Ini" dan menantang pembaca untuk menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu di antara dua pilihan yang diberikan. Sebelumnya, permainan ini telah dirilis untuk Android. Komunitas yang ingin menghadirkan permainan tersebut dalam bahasa mereka dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|membaca petunjuk dan persyaratan yang tersedia]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]], fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali referensi yang sama dengan penjelas yang berbeda, akan mulai diluncurkan ke wiki Wikimedia setelah sukses melewati tahap uji coba. Penerapan akan dimulai pada 8 Juni untuk sebagian besar [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|wiki Kelompok 1]] dan Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, kemudian diperluas ke edisi Wikipedia dalam bahasa lain selama beberapa bulan mendatang. Komunitas dianjurkan untuk melakukan persiapan dengan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate memeriksa apakah masih ada pesan ekstensi Cite yang belum diterjemahkan] ke dalam bahasa mereka, dan meninjau penggunaan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] yang mungkin memerlukan [[:phab:T416304#11668731|pembaruan]] agar mendukung fungsi baru tersebut. Wiki yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun. Komunitas juga dapat mempertimbangkan untuk membuat [[Special:TrackingCategories|kategori pelacakan]] ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' sebagai kategori tersembunyi menggunakan <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (atau templat khusus), lalu menghubungkannya dengan butir Wikidata yang sesuai, yaitu [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Eksperimen Pratayang Halaman (''Page Previews'')]] di Wikipedia versi web seluler telah berakhir. Tim memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas setelah hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa fitur ini tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap tingkat retensi pembaca, yang merupakan metrik keberhasilan utama. Pratayan Halaman, yang saat ini sudah tersedia pada versi desktop dan aplikasi, menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala menuju artikel lengkap ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Eksperimen ini menguji pengalaman tersebut pada versi web seluler di enam Wikipedia. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|Pustaka ikon antarmuka pengguna]] akan [[phab:T399175|diperbarui pada pekan ini atau pekan depan]]. Sebagian besar dari sekitar 300 ikon yang ada telah mengalami penyempurnaan kecil, dan sekitar 30 ikon baru telah ditambahkan. Perubahan ini bertujuan menjadikan ikon lebih konsisten, lebih mudah dipahami, serta memiliki keseimbangan visual yang lebih baik ketika digunakan secara berkelompok. * Antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Pemilih Bahasa Universal]] (''Universal Language Selector'' atau ULS) di MediaWiki, yang membantu pengguna memilih konten dalam bahasa lain, telah diperbarui. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kecepatan dan aksesibilitas. Pengguna proyek Wikimedia kini juga dapat menyematkan bahasa tertentu agar proses berpindah bahasa menjadi lebih cepat. Penerapan ke situs-situs Wikimedia akan dilakukan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu ke depan. Fitur ini sudah dapat diuji sebagai [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] melalui pengaturan preferensi profil, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada dasbor Pageviews Analysis di pageviews.wmcloud.org, yang menyebabkan data grafik berhenti diperbarui sejak Mei 2026 dan memengaruhi seluruh pengguna, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tanda tangan fungsi (''function signature'') untuk <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> kini telah disederhanakan. Pengembang sekarang dapat memberikan sebuah objek konfigurasi sebagai parameter, menggantikan daftar parameter posisi yang sebelumnya digunakan saat membuat pranala portlet. Format lama tetap didukung demi menjaga kompatibilitas dengan skrip yang sudah ada. Sebagai contoh, alih-alih menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi>, pengembang kini dapat menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Para pemelihara skrip dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> yang sudah ada dan memperbaruinya bila diperlukan. Perubahan ini akan tersedia di seluruh wiki mulai 11 Juni. Terima kasih kepada sukarelawan komunitas Gerges yang telah berkontribusi dalam pengembangan peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Diskusi Daftar Harapan Komunitas:''' Tim Produk dan Teknologi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|memperkenalkan sejumlah perubahan]] yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan kompleksitas usulan komunitas yang dapat diwujudkan, termasuk pembubaran tim Teknis Komunitas. Saat ini sedang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|berlangsung diskusi]] dengan anggota komunitas mengenai [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|arah baru yang diusulkan untuk program daftar harapan tersebut]]. Topik yang dibahas mencakup cara menyusun pemungutan suara tahunan, peningkatan pelacakan usulan, penghapusan fokus area tertentu, serta pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|penugasan staf]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juni 2026 21.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penjelajahan Gambar]] (''Image Browsing'') pada versi web seluler di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini menampilkan korsel gambar di bagian atas artikel yang memiliki tiga gambar atau lebih. Para penyunting dapat mengatur fitur ini melalui beberapa kontrol yang tersedia. Untuk menyembunyikan gambar tertentu dari suatu halaman, gunakan <code>class=notpageimage</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak ditampilkan dalam pratinjau keluku, atau gunakan <code>class=noviewer</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak tersedia di MediaViewer. Korsel gambar juga dapat dinonaktifkan sepenuhnya pada suatu halaman dengan menggunakan kata magis <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. Untuk memberikan masukan atau melaporkan galat, silakan kunjungi [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Tabel wiki]] (''wikitable'') kini dapat langsung [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|diurutkan dalam urutan menurun]] pada klik pertama dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> pada sel tajuk. Sebelumnya, secara bawaan, klik pertama pada tajuk kolom akan mengurutkan data dalam urutan menaik. Penambahan ini memberikan kendali dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar dalam pengaturan tabel, sementara perilaku bawaan untuk klik berikutnya tetap tidak berubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] (''Article guidance'') saat ini sedang diuji coba kepada sebagian penyunting yang membuat artikel baru di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki. Dalam waktu dekat, uji coba juga akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Arab dan Wikipedia bahasa Bengali. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|Fitur ini]] menyediakan panduan yang disusun dan dikurasi oleh komunitas untuk membantu penyunting membuat artikel yang sesuai dengan standar komunitas setempat. Para penyunting berpengalaman dapat terus membuat atau menyesuaikan kerangka artikel untuk jenis-jenis artikel tertentu yang umumnya dibuat oleh kontributor yang lebih baru. Kerangka tersebut berfungsi sebagai panduan agar penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman dapat menghasilkan artikel berkualitas tinggi. Panduan singkat mengenai markah yang digunakan dalam kerangka artikel tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|halaman ini]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Contoh kerangka]] yang dapat disesuaikan beserta petunjuk penyesuaiannya juga tersedia pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|bagian terkait]] di halaman proyek tersebut. * Wiki yang ingin mengganti tombol "indefinitely" pada halaman Special:Block untuk akun sementara (misalnya wiki yang hanya memblokir pengguna sementara hingga masa berlaku akun berakhir) kini dapat melakukannya dengan membuat halaman [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] dan menentukan durasi pemblokiran yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:41}} {{PLURAL:41|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir Juni, pengunduhan data arsip (''dump data'') secara otomatis dari situs dumps.wikimedia.org akan mewajibkan penggunaan untaian ''user-agent'' yang sahih. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan ''user-agent'' umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Kebijakan ini merupakan [[phab:T400119|perluasan dari penegakan]] [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] yang telah lama berlaku. Akses terhadap arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Cloud Services'') tidak akan mengalami perubahan. * Penerapan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|batas laju API]] global kini telah selesai sepenuhnya. Batas tersebut sudah diberlakukan pada seluruh API sesuai tingkat yang telah didokumentasikan untuk setiap kelompok pengguna. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge atau Wikimedia Cloud Services (WMCS), maupun bot yang memiliki hak pengguna bot pada wiki mana pun, tetap dikecualikan dari pembatasan ini. Seluruh bot tetap dianjurkan mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah didokumentasikan untuk menghindari pembatasan laju permintaan. * [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wiki Portal API] akan beralih ke mode hanya-baca mulai pekan ini (15–18 Juni). Pada pekan berikutnya (22–25 Juni), seluruh URL API Portal akan dialihkan ke dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs di mediaWiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek tersebut]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pada 17 Juni pukul 18.00 UTC, Wikimedia Foundation akan menyelenggarakan panggilan Discord yang berfokus pada proses tinjauan kode (''code review''). Berdasarkan hasil [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang]], banyak sukarelawan menyampaikan bahwa mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam proses tinjauan kode. Melalui diskusi ini, Wikimedia Foundation berharap dapat memahami pengalaman tersebut dan menemukan solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Siapa pun yang berminat dapat bergabung [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 melalui peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Konferensi Wikimedia Amerika Latin]] akan menyelenggarakan sebuah ''hackathon'' regional yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pengembang, pengurus sistem, ilmuwan data, dan pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan. Kontributor teknis yang berminat dapat [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform mengajukan beasiswa] partisipasi hingga 21 Juni pukul 00.00 waktu Bolivia (UTC−4). * Pendaftaran Tantangan Tim Wikimania kini telah dibuka. Kegiatan khusus ini akan berlangsung secara daring maupun luring pada 21–22 Juli, menjelang konferensi Wikimania. Semua orang dipersilakan untuk berpartisipasi, tanpa memandang tingkat keterampilan ataupun status pendaftaran Wikimania. Setiap tim akan bekerja sama menyelesaikan sepuluh tantangan penting yang mendukung komunitas Wikimedia. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|halaman Tantangan Tim]] dan [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ mendaftar di sana]. Pendaftaran akan ditutup pada 20 Juni pukul 23.00 UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Juni 2026 16.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]] [[phab:T418115|kini telah tersedia di Wikidata]]. Pembaruan ini memungkinkan akses ke fitur Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|jika telah diatur]]), modul Dampak, Panel Bantuan, dan Beranda Pendatang Baru yang disederhanakan (tanpa fitur Suntingan yang Disarankan). Para pengurus Wikidata saat ini masih mengatur fitur-fitur tersebut melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman khusus [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] telah dibuat. Halaman ini memungkinkan pengguna menemukan rentang alamat IP tanpa perlu mengandalkan perkakas eksternal. Sebelumnya, perkakas ini hanya tersedia bagi pengguna dengan hak Pemeriksa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]] merupakan fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali suatu rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda-beda. Fitur ini akan diterapkan pada sebagian besar Wikipedia bahasa berukuran kecil dan menengah pada 23 Juni. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|Halaman Tanya Jawab]] (FAQ) memuat berbagai langkah yang dapat dilakukan di wiki Anda untuk mendukung penerapan tersebut. [[:phab:T414094|Rencana peluncuran]] juga tersedia untuk melihat tahapan penerapan berikutnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Mulai pekan depan, pengguna akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika mereka diblokir atau dicabut pemblokirannya dari penyuntingan, atau apabila terdapat perubahan terhadap pemblokiran tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan depan, penyaring penyalahgunaan yang diatur untuk "memerlukan verifikasi CAPTCHA" juga akan berlaku bagi pengguna yang memiliki hak <code>skipcaptcha</code>, termasuk sebagian besar pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi secara otomatis (''autoconfirmed''). Bot dikecualikan dari perubahan ini. Perubahan tersebut hanya memengaruhi suntingan yang memicu suatu penyaring penyalahgunaan. Hak <code>skipcaptcha</code> tetap akan membebaskan pengguna dari keharusan menyelesaikan CAPTCHA dalam penggunaan wiki sehari-hari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Dokumentasi rujukan untuk [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] telah dipindahkan dari Portal API ke [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox] yang bersifat interaktif. * Wiki Portal API kini telah ditutup. Untuk dokumentasi API, silakan merujuk ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|API Wikimedia di MediaWiki]]. Seluruh URL wiki Portal API (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) akan dialihkan ke halaman mediawiki.org mulai 22 Juni. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Bergabunglah dalam pertemuan daring pada 25 Juni pukul 14.30 UTC untuk berkenalan dengan para pemagang Wikimedia saat ini dalam program [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] dan [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Para peserta magang akan memberikan gambaran umum mengenai proyek yang mereka kerjakan dan pemaparan singkat tentang hasil pekerjaan mereka sejauh ini. Para peserta yang hadir juga didorong untuk [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|berbagi gagasan dan menjalin koneksi dengan komunitas masing-masing]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 13.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Eksperimen Pembuatan Akun]], tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') menguji penambahan ikon akun pengguna pada tajuk versi web seluler bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log. Ikon tersebut menyediakan akses langsung ke opsi "Buat akun" dan "Masuk log". Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ini meningkatkan pembuatan akun sekitar 20% tanpa berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas suntingan atau tingkat suntingan yang bersifat konstruktif. Fitur ini akan mulai diterapkan di seluruh wiki Wikimedia Foundation pada versi web seluler pada minggu pertama bulan Juli. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * Setelah melalui [[phab:T426248|uji coba yang berhasil]], pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surelnya]] saat akun dibuat kini akan melihat sebuah spanduk baru yang mengingatkan mereka untuk menyelesaikan proses tersebut. Langkah ini membantu mengurangi risiko pengguna kehilangan akses ke akun mereka, dan meningkatkan keandalan alamat surel yang terhubung dengan akun. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * Pembaruan pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] menyempurnakan cara kerja <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> ketika digunakan untuk mengecualikan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> dengan negasi dapat secara tidak sengaja memperluas hasil pencarian dengan menambahkan ruang nama yang termasuk dalam cakupan pencarian, sehingga perilakunya membingungkan bagi pengguna yang mengharapkan penyaring pengecualian yang sederhana. Melalui pembaruan ini, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> kini hanya akan mengecualikan judul halaman yang sesuai sebagaimana mestinya, dan dapat menampilkan peringatan apabila ruang nama yang relevan belum dipilih secara eksplisit. Sementara itu, perilaku <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> tanpa negasi tetap tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan peninjau yang menggunakan bilah alat Kurasi Halaman (''Page Curation'') tidak secara otomatis berlangganan diskusi halaman pembicaraan yang mereka mulai kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, peninjau akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika seseorang membalas diskusi tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 29 Juni, unduhan otomatis dari situs web dumps.wikimedia.org akan mengikuti [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan agen pengguna]]. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan agen pengguna umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Akses ke arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia tidak akan terpengaruh. Perubahan ini merupakan tindak lanjut dari pengumuman yang disampaikan pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Berita Teknis edisi 2026/25]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juni 2026 11.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada bilah pencarian di Wikidata yang sebelumnya menampilkan hasil dalam bahasa Inggris alih-alih menggunakan bahasa kedua yang sesuai bagi pengguna varian bahasa kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, saran pencarian akan mengikuti rantai bahasa kedua yang diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai persiapan menuju [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|kampanye Celebrate Women]] yang direncanakan berlangsung pada Maret 2027, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|tim Pemberdayaan Konten]] dari Wikimedia Foundation meluncurkan survei yang terdiri atas 22 pertanyaan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai kontribusi teknis yang dilakukan oleh perempuan+ (siapa pun yang mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai perempuan) di berbagai proyek Wikimedia. Survei ini membutuhkan waktu sekitar 15–20 menit untuk diselesaikan dan akan tetap dibuka hingga 20 Juli 2026. Seluruh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|pertanyaannya]] juga telah tersedia di wiki sehingga dapat ditinjau terlebih dahulu. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Ekstensi Score]] kini mendukung penyajian partitur musik dalam format gambar SVG selain PNG. Pembaruan ini menjawab [[:phab:T49578|permintaan fitur]] yang telah lama diajukan, sekaligus mengatasi masalah kualitas gambar yang selama ini terjadi. Kedua format tersebut kini akan dikirimkan kepada pengguna: format PNG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> dan SVG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi>. * Pengurai [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] yang baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|terus diterapkan ke wiki lainnya]] untuk mempermudah pengenalan berbagai fitur baru dalam membaca dan menyunting. Pengurai ini kini telah diaktifkan di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, sehingga cakupan penerapannya telah mencapai 78,9% dari seluruh tampilan halaman Wikipedia. Penerapan pada Wikipedia bahasa Inggris versi desktop akan terus berlanjut sepanjang pekan ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|Tulisan rangkuman]] mengenai Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 kini telah diterbitkan. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai proyek, sesi, dan kegiatan sosial yang berlangsung selama acara tahun ini, dan membagikan rencana awal penyelenggaraan Wikimedia Hackathon 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Juli 2026 13.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revisi Nada]] (''Revise Tone'') membantu pengguna baru mengenali bagian-bagian dalam artikel Wikipedia yang mungkin menggunakan bahasa yang kurang sesuai dengan gaya ensiklopedis, sekaligus mengajaknya untuk mempertimbangkan penyuntingan ulang agar nada tulisannya lebih tepat. Fitur ini telah diuji melalui [[w:en:A/B_testing|pengujian A/B]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penyelesaian tugas oleh pengguna baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|meningkat sebesar 38,7%]] dibandingkan dengan tugas penyuntingan teks bawaan, tanpa penurunan kualitas suntingan. Uji coba tersebut berakhir pada 9 Juli, dan kini fitur ini tersedia bagi semua pengguna di wiki-wiki tersebut, dan dapat diatur melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. Selanjutnya, fitur ini [[phab:T426364|direncanakan]] akan diluncurkan ke lebih banyak wiki. * Konfigurasi komunitas yang memungkinkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|pembimbing tidak aktif dihapus secara otomatis]] berdasarkan kriteria yang dapat disesuaikan akan mulai diaktifkan pada hari Kamis, 16 Juli, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|di sejumlah wiki]] agar daftar pembimbing tetap mutakhir. Pembimbing merupakan kontributor berpengalaman yang secara sukarela mendaftarkan diri untuk membantu pengguna baru di wiki melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]]. Pengurus kini dapat menyiapkan pengaturannya melalui [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]. Pengaturan tersebut akan mulai berlaku pada hari Kamis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:38}} {{PLURAL:38|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android langsung keluar log sesaat setelah masuk log (''login'') sehingga mereka tidak dapat tetap masuk log dan menyunting halaman, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Penyuntingan halaman menggunakan skrip pengguna atau gawai sebelumnya menyebabkan label daftar pantauan yang telah ditetapkan pengguna pada halaman tersebut kembali ke kondisi awal. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * Sebagai solusi sementara untuk mengatasi bug pada Safari (lihat [[phab:T425211]]), pada wiki yang telah mengaktifkan Parsoid, atribut href pada pranala wiki kini menggunakan URL absolut, alih-alih URL relatif terhadap protokol (''protocol-relative URL''). Keluaran REST API tidak mengalami perubahan dan tetap menggunakan URL relatif terhadap protokol. Oleh karena itu, gawai, skrip pengguna, bot, atau CSS mungkin perlu disesuaikan apabila sebelumnya bergantung pada penggunaan URL relatif terhadap protokol dalam atribut href pada pranala wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Platform Eksperimen (''Experiment Platform Team'') dari Wikimedia Foundation telah menerbitkan sebuah tulisan di blog yang merenungkan tahun pertama pelaksanaan uji coba terstruktur mereka. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai eksperimen yang berhasil, seperti Pemeriksaan Tempel, Pemeriksaan Referensi, dan Pemeriksaan Nada Bahasa, yang terbukti meningkatkan hasil penyuntingan dan kini telah diluncurkan kepada lebih banyak pengguna. Selain itu, tulisan tersebut juga membahas sejumlah eksperimen yang pada akhirnya tidak menghasilkan perubahan terhadap produk. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Juli 2026 16.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah menindaklanjuti berbagai masukan dari komunitas mengenai penempatan tombol bintang pantauan (''watchstar'') dan daftar pantauan (''watchlist'') pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|fitur beta Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''). Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca di lain waktu dan merupakan salah satu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|usulan dalam daftar harapan pengembangan]] agar fungsi tersebut tersedia di antarmuka web. Para penyunting diundang untuk mengaktifkan fitur beta ini, mencobanya, dan [[phab:T426453|menyampaikan tanggapan maupun masukan mereka]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] menghadirkan saran penyuntingan di dalam VisualEditor untuk membantu meningkatkan kualitas artikel Wikipedia. [[Special:EditChecks|Seluruh saran]] yang ditampilkan dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|dikonfigurasi oleh komunitas]]. Salah satu fiturnya, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]], memungkinkan para sukarelawan membuat saran lokal yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan wiki masing-masing. Fitur ini bekerja dengan mencari pola teks tertentu di dalam artikel, dan kini telah mendukung penggunaan ekspresi reguler. Dukungan tersebut memberikan ketelitian dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar bagi para sukarelawan dalam menentukan jenis saran lokal yang ingin dibuat. Perlu diketahui bahwa saran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|dapat disasar]] berdasarkan jumlah suntingan penyunting atau berbagai karakteristik lain dari halaman yang sedang disunting. Sebagai referensi, tersedia pula [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|berbagai contoh dari komunitas lain]], termasuk TextMatch yang dapat mendeteksi kesalahan ketik, kesalahan tata bahasa, potensi konten promosi, penggunaan ungkapan klise, kesalahan penggunaan tanda pisah atau tanda hubung, kata-kata penunjuk waktu yang tidak spesifik, nama yang sudah tidak lagi digunakan, dan lain-lain. Segala bentuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|masukan]] sangat diharapkan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada perkakas Penerjemah SVG (''SVG Translate''), yang sebelumnya menggunakan versi berkas yang sudah usang. Akibatnya, terjemahan yang sudah ada dapat tertimpa saat terjemahan baru diunggah. Masalah tersebut [[phab:T430577|kini telah diperbaiki]]. Secara keseluruhan, sepanjang triwulan April–Juni 2026, Wikimedia Foundation telah menyelesaikan sekitar 337 tugas yang diajukan oleh komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada wiki yang telah menggunakan Parsoid, kini jumlah gambar yang dapat dihasilkan dalam satu halaman akan dibatasi hingga 1.250 gambar. Kategori pelacakan baru bernama "media-limit-reached" akan segera tersedia untuk membantu mengidentifikasi halaman yang mencapai batas tersebut. Dengan adanya kategori ini, halaman yang keluaran medianya mungkin dibatasi selama proses render akan lebih mudah ditemukan. Lihat [[phab:T430854]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk menyampaikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2026 05.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Penerjemahan Konten]] (''Content Translation''), kini mendukung mode gelap. Pembaruan ini memenuhi salah satu [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|permintaan dari Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] dan membuat perkakas tersebut selaras dengan fitur aksesibilitas yang telah tersedia pada kulit Vector 2022 dan Minerva. Dengan dukungan ini, pengguna yang menerjemahkan konten dapat mengurangi kelelahan visual saat menggunakan perkakas tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * Mode sumber pada DiscussionTools dan penyunting teks wiki 2017 kini akan menyediakan fitur pelengkapan otomatis untuk pranala (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templat (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), tag HTML dan pengurai (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), dan kata magis (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>). Fitur ini membuat proses penyisipan pranala, templat, dan elemen markah wiki lainnya menjadi lebih cepat dan mudah ketika melakukan penyuntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah menyelesaikan eksperimennya mengenai pratinjau halaman pada perangkat seluler (''mobile page previews'') dan memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas. Pratinjau Halaman (''Page Previews'') merupakan lembar tersembul di bagian bawah layar yang muncul ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Fitur ini menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka artikel, dan opsi untuk membuka artikel tersebut. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan tingkat retensi yang relatif datar dan metrik indikator yang negatif. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembaca Wikipedia melalui web seluler lebih memilih berpindah langsung ke artikel yang ditautkan daripada menggunakan pratinjau halaman. * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca memperoleh hasil awal yang menjanjikan dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|fitur Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''), dengan 93% pengguna yang berpartisipasi melaporkan bahwa fitur tersebut bermanfaat. Fitur ini membantu pembaca aktif menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca kembali di masa mendatang dan mendukung tujuan pembelajaran mereka dalam proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Tim tersebut berencana melakukan peningkatan lebih lanjut sebelum memperluas penggunaan fitur ini kepada lebih banyak pengguna. * Inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Penyegaran Jelajah Umpan]] (''Explore Feed Refresh'') telah diuji coba kepada pembaca baru dan pembaca kasual aplikasi Wikipedia. Tampilan umpan yang diperbarui ini membantu pembaca menemukan artikel baru yang relevan dengan lebih mudah. Setelah fitur tersebut menghasilkan peningkatan interaksi sebesar 10,5% pada penggunaan umpan, tim Aplikasi Wikimedia memutuskan untuk menerapkan desain ulang Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') pada perangkat iOS, dengan memanfaatkan pembelajaran dari peluncuran versi Android. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada fitur Panduan Artikel yang menyebabkan nama subjek ditampilkan dengan penggunaan huruf kapital yang keliru di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis kini telah diperbaiki. Nama subjek tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan sesuai dengan aturan kapitalisasi yang berlaku dalam bahasa terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah melakukan serangkaian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Uji Coba Pembuatan Akun]] untuk meningkatkan persentase pengguna yang berhasil menyelesaikan proses registrasi, versi terbaru kolom nama pengguna pada halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Buat Akun]] kini telah diterapkan. Versi terbaru ini menambahkan jendela sembul yang berisi [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|ringkasan kebijakan nama pengguna]], sehingga pengguna memperoleh panduan yang lebih jelas saat membuat akun. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, pesan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> yang telah dikonfigurasi oleh beberapa komunitas tidak akan digunakan lagi. Jika komunitas ingin menyesuaikan panduan yang ditampilkan pada dialog sembul baru tersebut, mereka dapat menyunting halaman pesan-pesan berikut: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaks CodeMirror]] akan menyediakan pilihan tema. Tema tersebut dapat dipilih melalui menu tarik-turun pada dialog [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|pengaturan lengkap CodeMirror]]. Untuk teks wiki, tema yang tersedia adalah: ''default'' (tampilan standar), ''colorblind-friendly'' (ramah bagi pengguna dengan buta warna; sebelumnya merupakan opsi preferensi buta warna pada [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]), dan ''no-highlighting'' (tanpa penyorotan sintaks). Untuk bahasa pemrograman seperti CSS, JavaScript, JSON, Vue, dan Lua, tersedia beberapa pilihan tema lainnya. Tema-tema yang sama nantinya juga akan tersedia untuk teks wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * Mulai sekarang, wiki dapat membatasi penyuntingan pada ruang nama "Pengguna" hanya kepada pemilik halaman tersebut dan kelompok pengguna tertentu. Silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|membaca dokumentasi konfigurasi]] untuk mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Juli 2026 18.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah mengembangkan sebuah ''[https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo]'' yang mengatur agar bilah perkakas halaman ditampilkan dalam dua baris ketika ruang horizontal tidak mencukupi untuk menampung seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini bertujuan mengurangi kesan sesak pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi di beberapa Wikipedia dalam berbagai bahasa pada lebar layar tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca berencana meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|salah satu usulan dalam Daftar Harapan Komunitas]], sebagai fitur penuh pada bulan September. Saat ini, fitur tersebut sudah dapat dicoba melalui versi beta. Menjelang peluncurannya, dibutuhkan bantuan para penerjemah sukarelawan untuk menerjemahkan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate pesan-pesan antarmuka] ke berbagai bahasa. Fitur ini dirancang untuk mendukung kegiatan membaca sekaligus membantu pengguna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran mereka di Wikipedia. * Mulai pekan depan, daftar isi pada halaman berkas di Wikimedia Commons akan disempurnakan dengan menggabungkan daftar isi khusus halaman berkas ke dalam daftar isi utama halaman. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan pengguna memahami struktur halaman berkas, berpindah ke bagian tertentu dengan lebih mudah, dan membagikan pranala yang langsung mengarah ke bagian yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian gambar berformat [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] gagal dimuat setelah keluku (''thumbnail'') diklik, sehingga yang tampil hanyalah gambar rusak, bukan gambar berukuran penuh, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pemilih variabel dan fungsi pada AbuseFilter kini telah diperbarui dengan dukungan pencarian dan pelengkapan otomatis (''autocomplete''). Pembaruan ini memungkinkan para pengelola penyaring menemukan variabel atau fungsi yang diinginkan dengan lebih cepat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * Format video MJPEG dan VP8 telah dihapus dari pemutar video. Sebagai penggantinya, kini ditambahkan dukungan untuk format MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 2) yang mampu menyajikan video dengan kualitas lebih baik pada perangkat iPhone generasi lama. Proses pembaruan terhadap seluruh video yang sudah ada akan dilakukan secara bertahap dan diperkirakan memerlukan waktu beberapa pekan hingga semuanya selesai diperbarui. Sementara itu, format bawaan yang digunakan untuk perangkat modern tetap tidak berubah, yaitu VP9/WebM. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Agustus 2026 19.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kini [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|tersedia ChartWizard baru di Wikimedia Commons]] bagi pengguna yang ingin membuat bagan dari data mereka sendiri. Fitur ini membuat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|ekstensi Chart]] lebih ramah bagi pemula karena memungkinkan penyunting membuat berbagai jenis bagan, seperti bagan batang dan bagan pai, tanpa perlu menulis kode JSON. Bagi pengguna yang lebih memilih cara tersebut, tersedia pula opsi untuk beralih ke penyunting JSON kapan saja. Masukan dan tanggapan mengenai perkakas baru ini sangat diharapkan melalui [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|halaman pembicaraan usulan terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Salah satu contohnya adalah perbaikan pada gawit Gambar Pilihan Hari Ini di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS. Sebelumnya, gawit tersebut menampilkan gambar yang sama setiap hari alih-alih memperbaruinya secara harian. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gambar SVG untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|rumus matematika]] tidak lama lagi akan dihasilkan secara langsung di sisi peramban, bukan lagi di sisi peladen. Sementara itu, MathML akan tetap dibuat di peladen dan ditampilkan di peramban tanpa memerlukan JavaScript. Perubahan ini akan mulai diterapkan di Wikibooks pada 12 Agustus, di Wikisource pada 19 Agustus, dan di Wikipedia secara bertahap antara 20–27 Agustus. Anda dapat mencobanya lebih awal dengan memilih opsi "Penerapan MathJax di sisi klien" ("''Client side MathJax rendering''") di preferensi. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|penghentian penggunaan RESTBase]] dan [[phab:T431372|Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Halaman kategori akan segera mendukung pengurutan entri berdasarkan waktu saat halaman tersebut ditambahkan ke dalam kategori. Fitur ini akan mempermudah penyunting menemukan halaman yang baru saja dikategorikan maupun yang telah lama berada dalam kategori tersebut. Selain itu, alur kerja untuk kategori pemeliharaan, seperti daftar tunggu penghapusan dan berbagai tugas peninjauan yang bergantung pada urutan waktu, juga akan menjadi lebih efisien. Untuk menggunakan fitur ini, tambahkan argumen URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> pada tampilan kategori agar daftar diurutkan berdasarkan stempel waktu penambahannya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gawai]] dan skrip pengguna di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat memanfaatkan [[phab:T395347|fitur-fitur ES2018]] dan [[phab:T419142|ES2019]] dalam kode JavaScript. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2017. MediaWiki akan tetap memvalidasi kode sumber untuk melindungi fungsionalitas dari kesalahan sintaksis dan memastikan bahwa skrip tetap berjalan dengan baik di seluruh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|peramban yang didukung]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Agustus 2026 20.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Fitur Daftar Kerja]] perkakas Pendaftaran Acara kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Dengan fitur ini, penyelenggara acara dapat menambahkan artikel-artikel yang akan menjadi fokus acara mereka langsung ke halaman acara. Daftar Kerja juga menjadi dasar bagi fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Jalur Acara]], yang akan memberi tahu kontributor lain mengenai acara yang akan berlangsung atau sedang berlangsung ketika mereka menyunting artikel yang tercantum dalam Daftar Kerja acara tersebut. Ini merupakan versi minimum yang layak digunakan (MVP), sehingga masukan dari pengguna sangat diharapkan. Para penyelenggara dianjurkan untuk mencoba fitur ini. Pelatihan praktik [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Lokakarya Penyiapan Daftar Kerja]] akan diselenggarakan pada 18 Agustus pukul 16.00 UTC dan 19 Agustus pukul 11.00 UTC. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] menampilkan halaman-halaman pendek berdasarkan ukurannya. Namun, dalam banyak kasus, halaman tersebut dipenuhi halaman disambiguasi dan pengalihan lunak sehingga artikel-artikel pendek yang sebenarnya menjadi lebih sulit ditemukan. Mulai akhir pekan ini, Anda dapat memilih untuk tidak memasukkan suatu artikel ke halaman khusus tersebut dengan menambahkan kata magis <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q3436680|bahasa Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Mulai pekan 17 Agustus, bilah perkakas halaman akan ditampilkan dalam dua baris apabila ruang horizontal yang tersedia tidak mencukupi untuk menampilkan seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini merupakan tambalan yang telah [[phab:T429518|sepenuhnya digabungkan dari tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] dan bertujuan mengurangi kepadatan pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi pada beberapa Wikipedia dalam bahasa tertentu pada lebar layar tertentu. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:16}} {{PLURAL:16|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pengunggahan berkas berukuran besar ke Wikimedia Commons kini menjadi lebih stabil dan lebih jarang mengalami kegagalan setelah sejumlah perbaikan dilakukan terhadap galat pengunggahan "''Could not acquire lock''". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Dukungan Jangka Panjang (''Long Term Support'') Debian Bullseye akan berakhir pada 31 Agustus 2026. [[phab:T434103|Sejumlah proyek Cloud VPS]] masih memiliki instans yang menjalankan Debian Bullseye. Pengelola proyek-proyek tersebut dianjurkan untuk bermigrasi ke Debian Bookworm atau Debian Trixie. Tersedia [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|panduan migrasi]] untuk membantu proses tersebut. Pengguna juga dapat mempertimbangkan apakah beban kerja mereka lebih sesuai dijalankan di Toolforge. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan atau tidak dapat menyelesaikan migrasi sebelum 31 Agustus, silakan hubungi pengurus Cloud VPS sesegera mungkin. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Agustus 2026 21.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Istimewa:Buat akun]] telah disederhanakan sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk memodernisasi pengalaman pembuatan akun. Panel yang menampilkan statistik proyek kini tidak lagi muncul di samping formulir, baik pada tampilan web desktop maupun seluler. Berbagai eksperimen pembuatan akun menunjukkan bahwa formulir yang lebih sederhana membantu pendatang baru menyelesaikan proses pendaftaran. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * Untuk meningkatkan kinerja halaman, gambar kini dimuat ketika gambar tersebut ditampilkan atau dilihat oleh pembaca. Dengan demikian, gambar yang berada lebih jauh di bagian bawah suatu artikel tidak akan dimuat apabila pembaca tidak pernah menggulir hingga ke bagian tersebut. Perubahan ini dapat memengaruhi sejumlah metrik yang berkaitan dengan gambar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:42}} {{PLURAL:42|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya adalah masalah yang menyebabkan keluku pada Wikipedia Abstrak tidak dapat ditampilkan setelah berkas terkait dipindahkan di Wikimedia Commons. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. Keluku akan diperbarui dengan benar ketika berkas dipindahkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kartu Informasi Pengguna adalah fitur yang membantu para pengawas melihat informasi mengenai akun pengguna. Selama ini, fitur tersebut hanya tersedia di tempat-tempat seperti riwayat halaman, log, dan perubahan terbaru. Kini, kartu tersebut juga dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|ditempatkan di dalam isi halaman]] dengan menggunakan fungsi pengurai <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi>. Fitur ini dapat sangat berguna pada templat seperti [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] atau varian khususnya, karena akan memudahkan pengguna melihat konteks mengenai suatu akun pada berbagai halaman papan pengumuman. Kartu tersebut hanya akan ditampilkan kepada pengguna yang telah mengaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferensi mereka]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Karena adanya risiko terhadap keamanan dan privasi pengguna, akses ke URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> telah dinonaktifkan apabila URL tersebut secara khusus digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Jika Anda terdampak oleh perubahan ini, pertimbangkan apakah Anda dapat menggunakan pendekatan lain. URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> tetap dapat diakses dan digunakan tanpa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. URL halaman pengguna tertentu, misalnya <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>, juga tetap dapat digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan, perangkat lunak untuk membuat keluku telah ditingkatkan. Pembaruan ini mencakup peningkatan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 2.60 dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 7, serta penyelesaian sejumlah masalah lama dalam pembuatan keluku, seperti galat dalam proses perenderannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Agustus 2026 20.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Format baru Daftar Harapan Komunitas kini telah dibuka untuk mendapatkan masukan. Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|membaca gagasan-gagasan yang diusulkan di Meta]]. Proses baru ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan cara harapan komunitas diseleksi dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan prioritas, dipungut suaranya, dan ditetapkan prioritas pengerjaannya, dengan cara yang transparan dan seimbang di berbagai kelompok proyek dan edisi bahasa. Konsultasi ini dibuka selama dua pekan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Rilis terbaru aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android mencakup pembaruan pada fitur Tersimpan, sehingga pengalaman menyimpan artikel di aplikasi kini lebih mendekati pengalaman di aplikasi iOS dan Web. Pembaruan ini mendesain ulang tab Tersimpan dengan tampilan "Semua artikel", menghapus daftar bacaan "Tersimpan" yang sebelumnya tersedia secara bawaan, mengganti nama daftar bacaan menjadi "Koleksi", dan memodernisasi pengalaman menyimpan artikel. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] telah diaktifkan untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log pada Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Tionghoa, Ceko, dan Vietnam pada 25 Agustus, setelah tersedia sebagai fitur beta selama beberapa bulan. Fitur ini akan tersedia untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, dan Indonesia pada 1 September, kemudian di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada 14 September, dan di seluruh wiki Wikipedia lainnya pada 28 September. * Pada akhir bulan ini, sebagian pembaca yang belum masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Persia, Inggris, dan Polandia, yang menggunakan kulit Minerva pada perangkat seluler, akan melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|bilah navigasi yang diperbarui]] dalam sebuah [[w:A/B test|uji A/B]]. Pengujian ini akan membandingkan bilah navigasi saat ini dengan versi baru yang dirancang agar pembaca dapat menemukan informasi dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui apakah perubahan tersebut mendorong pembaca untuk lebih sering kembali. Eksperimen ini tidak akan mengubah pengalaman pengguna yang telah masuk log dan/atau para penyunting. * Para penyunting yang mengelola pengalihan, templat, dan kategori yang digunakan pada halaman pengalihan kini memiliki cara yang lebih baik untuk menemukan dan mengelola pengalihan. Sebelumnya, halaman pengalihan tidak dapat dicari. Dua kata kunci pencarian baru, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, kini memungkinkan pengalihan dicari secara langsung dan dapat digabungkan dengan kata kunci yang sudah ada, seperti <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * Perangkat pencarian ISBN yang digunakan untuk membuat sitasi baru-baru ini tidak berfungsi karena terdapat masalah pada layanan eksternal. Para pengembang sedang mengupayakan solusinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pencarian halaman berdasarkan kategori menggunakan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> tidak memberikan hasil atau justru memberikan hasil yang tidak berkaitan kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Domain URL untuk keluku berubah dari upload.wikimedia.org menjadi thumb.wikimedia.org. URL lama masih dapat digunakan untuk beberapa waktu ke depan, tetapi MediaWiki akan menggunakan domain baru tersebut dalam URL yang ditampilkannya. URL untuk jenis media lainnya, seperti berkas, video, dan hasil transkode asli, tetap akan disajikan melalui upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] kini telah berstatus usang. Titik akhir API tersebut akan dihentikan sepenuhnya pada akhir September 2026. Para pengembang yang menggunakan titik akhir ini harus beralih ke solusi perenderan matematika alternatif, seperti [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] atau [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax] bawaan. Instalasi MediaWiki pihak ketiga yang menggunakan ekstensi Math untuk merender rumus diwajibkan melakukan peningkatan ke versi 1.43 atau yang lebih baru agar layanan tetap dapat digunakan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Baca lebih lanjut mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] dalam tulisan di Diff berjudul [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Saran penyuntingan khusus untuk setiap wiki: Bagaimana komunitas membentuk Mode Saran dengan TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 31 Agustus 2026 20.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Tambahkan Pranala]] telah ditingkatkan untuk pengguna Wikipedia bahasa Inggris dengan kemampuan mendeteksi pranala yang memiliki perbedaan penggunaan huruf besar dan kecil. Perubahan ini akan membantu mengurangi saran yang ambigu akibat perbedaan kapitalisasi dalam judul artikel, termasuk artikel tentang benda budaya. Tahap peningkatan kedua direncanakan akan dilakukan dan juga akan mempersiapkan fitur ini untuk dirilis dalam bahasa lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Panduan artikel]] akan diaktifkan secara bawaan bagi penyunting pemula di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki mulai 10 September 2026, setelah sebelumnya melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|tahap uji coba]]. Penyunting pemula dengan jumlah suntingan 0 hingga 99 akan secara otomatis melihat fitur ini ketika mereka mengeklik pranala merah atau menggunakan opsi "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" di Wikipedia bahasa Turki untuk membuat artikel baru. Perubahan ini ditujukan untuk membantu pengguna baru dalam membuat artikel dengan kualitas yang lebih baik dan memenuhi standar setiap Wikipedia. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Peningkatan lebih lanjut]] akan terus dilakukan berdasarkan hasil eksperimen dan masukan dari komunitas. * Perkakas [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis], yang memungkinkan pengguna membandingkan jumlah kunjungan pada beberapa halaman, genap berusia 10 tahun pada tahun ini dan telah memperoleh sejumlah fitur baru. Fitur-fitur tersebut mencakup [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]], yang memberikan gambaran mengenai cara pembaca Wikipedia menjelajahi konten, statistik penyuntingan di [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], kemampuan [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org mencari artikel yang termasuk dalam suatu ProyekWiki], dan dukungan untuk mode gelap. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * Bilah navigasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|Minerva yang disederhanakan secara visual]] sedang diuji kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log dan menggunakan tampilan web seluler di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Inggris, Farsi, dan Polandia. Uji coba ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah penyederhanaan navigasi dapat meningkatkan retensi pembaca. Pengujian akan berlangsung dari 31 Agustus hingga 28 September dan pengguna tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun dalam uji coba ini. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Harapan Teknis WMDE]] sedang mengupayakan peningkatan pada [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|nama referensi yang dibuat secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Penyunting hanya akan melihat sedikit perubahan mulai pekan ini. Saat nama referensi dibuat secara otomatis, penomoran akan dimulai dari <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi>, bukan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|halaman proyek]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * Semua wiki akan berada dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|kondisi hanya-baca selama beberapa menit]] pada 23 September. Hal ini dijadwalkan berlangsung pada pukul 14.00 UTC. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diterbitkan melalui Berita Teknis dan juga akan dipasang di spanduk setiap wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] salah menangani tag nowiki yang bersarang, sehingga konten dapat hilang dan teks yang tidak diinginkan dapat ditampilkan, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengurus antarmuka dapat mengatur gawai melalui [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. Format definisinya telah diperbarui dan kini tidak lagi memerlukan opsi <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>, karena gawai selalu dimuat melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. Perubahan ini menyederhanakan konfigurasi gawai dengan menghapus opsi yang tidak lagi diperlukan, sehingga definisi gawai menjadi lebih mudah dikelola oleh para pengurus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 Séptémber 2026 18.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Audiens Masa Depan (Future Audiences) telah memulai [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|diskusi di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]] mengenai usulan eksperimen baru untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan sementara tentang fitur [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Sumber Pilihan Google] kepada pembaca Wikipedia yang datang dari Google. Eksperimen ini bertujuan menguji apakah pemberitahuan tersebut dapat membuat pengunjung lebih sering kembali ke Wikipedia. Fitur Sumber Pilihan memungkinkan pengguna memilih situs web yang mereka percayai sehingga Google dapat menampilkan konten dari sumber-sumber tersebut secara lebih menonjol dalam Penelusuran dan berbagai pengalaman berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Kami tertarik untuk menguji fitur ini pada bahasa lain yang didukung Google dan menyambut bantuan untuk memulai diskusi di wiki lainnya. Jika berminat, silakan hubungi Tim Audiens Masa Depan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|halaman pembicaraan]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Platform percakapan Discord sedang merilis kerangka kerja mandiri baru yang dapat digunakan oleh situs web untuk menentukan tampilan pranala mereka ketika dibagikan di Discord. Tim Audiens Masa Depan berencana mulai menggunakan kerangka kerja ini untuk meningkatkan tampilan pranala Wikipedia ketika dibagikan di Discord, sekaligus memberikan atribusi dan penghargaan yang lebih baik kepada para kontributor. Pada tahap pertama proyek ini, tampilan dan perilaku pranala tidak akan berubah karena kami ingin terlebih dahulu mengumpulkan data dasar untuk menilai dampak perubahan pada tahap berikutnya. Namun, jika anggota komunitas yang aktif di Discord menemukan masalah, mereka dapat melaporkannya melalui [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] atau [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Meta-Wiki]]. * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan menjalankan eksperimen untuk menguji apakah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|pemadatan bagian pembuka artikel]] dengan menambahkan tombol "baca selengkapnya" dapat meningkatkan retensi pembaca. Pengujian akan dimulai pada 17 September di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Spanyol, Prancis, Indonesia, Italia, Jepang, Portugis, Vietnam, dan Tionghoa, serta berlangsung selama empat pekan.</span> * Semua wiki akan berada dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|mode hanya-baca selama beberapa menit]] pada 23 September. Hal ini dijadwalkan berlangsung pada pukul 14.00 UTC. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diterbitkan dalam Berita Teknis dan juga akan diinformasikan ke setiap wiki pada pekan mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] untuk Wikipedia mengembalikan galat HTTP 500, sehingga tidak dapat diakses, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengembang yang memelihara perkakas yang melakukan kueri terhadap tabel pranala Wikimedia Commons perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar terhubung ke gugus basis data x4 yang baru. Tabel pranala tersebut telah dipindahkan dari gugus s4 ke x4 dan tidak akan lagi menerima pembaruan di s4. Tabel halaman dan tabel pengalihan tetap tersedia di kedua gugus. Replika wiki untuk klaster x4 akan disiapkan setelahnya. Perubahan ini dilakukan karena gugus s4 telah berkembang terlalu besar untuk dapat dioperasikan secara efisien. [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di sini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Séptémber 2026 15.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == Pamutahiran rohang ngaran == Upami dibandingkeun sareng Wikipédia basa sanésna, Wikipédia basa Sunda kalebet tinggaleun dina rohang ngaran (namespace/ruang nama) anu nuju dianggo. Sapertos rohang ngaran ''Gambar'' (''Image'') anu parantos digentos janten ''Berkas'' (''File'') sakitar taun 2008-an, numutkeun dina [[:id:Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi_(Teknis)/Arsip_(Jul-06)#h-Perubahan_kata_untuk_nama_namespace|usulan WBI taun 2006]] sareng [[:id:Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi_(Teknis)/Arsip/Desember_2008#h-File:|sawala ieu]]. Contona dina Wikipédia basa Jawa anu sami-sami dibuka taun 2004, rohang ngaran ''File'', anu sateuacanna ''Image'' téa téh, parantos digentos janten ''Barkas'' anu sateuacanna ''Gambar''. Aya deui Wikipédia basa Minangkabau anu dibuka taun 2013, rohang ngaranna parantos nganggo ''Berkas''. Ku margi kitu, sim kuring hoyong ngusulkeun perobihan sababaraha rohang ngaran. Di handap ieu nyaéta sababaraha rohang ngaran anu hoyong dirobih: * '''Gambar''' → '''Berkas''' (File/Berkas) * '''Obrolan gambar''' → '''Obrolan berkas''' (File talk/Pembicaraan Berkas) * '''Wikipedia''' → '''Wikipédia''' (Wikipedia) * '''Obrolan Wikipedia''' → '''Obrolan Wikipédia''' (Wikipedia talk/Pembicaraan Wikipedia) * '''Pembicaraan Modul''' → '''Obrolan modul''' (Module talk/Pembicaraan Modul) * '''Pembicaraan Acara''' → '''Obrolan acara''' (Event talk/Pembicaraan Acara) Upami anjeun aya pamanggih (pandapat) sanés, mangga dihaturanan pikeun ngadiskusikeun masalah ieu di dieu. Hatur nuhun [[Pamaké:Rafka Aditia|Rafka Aditia]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Rafka Aditia|sawala]]) 26 Séptémber 2026 12.30 (UTC) 0p5hc13bxorgopkn5bbnkzhph6kli8n 729321 729110 2026-09-27T01:03:40Z Rafka Aditia 29183 /* Pamutahiran rohang ngaran */ Bales 729321 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{Hider kaca sawala|start=120|1=Téknisl|2=Kaca sawala bagian '''téknis''' digunakeun pikeun nyawalakeun hal-hal téknis ngeunaan '''Wikipedia'''. Laporan ''bug'' sarta pamundut fitur mah kuduna di [[mw:Phabricator|Pabrikator]] (ilikan [[mw:How to report a bug|cara ngalaporkeun ''bug'']]). ''Bug'' anu ngakibatkeun [[web application security|kaancamna kaamanan]] mah béda deui tempat ngalaporkeunna (ilikan [[mw:Reporting security bugs|cara ngalaporkeun ''bug'']]). <!-- All of the text for this top section is found at template:Villagepumppages --> Mun anyar jabung ka sawala téknis mah alusna maca heula [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Before posting|panduan]] utamana pikeun nulis di dieu. Patanyaan ngeunaan [[MediaWiki]] nu umum kuduna di [[mw:Project:Support desk|tempat dukungan MediaWiki]]. |3=WP:ST|4=WP:STÉK}}<!-- -->__NEWSECTIONLINK__<!-- -->[[<!-- OK -->Category:Sawala Wikipedia]] __TOC__ <span id="below_toc"></span> {{clear}} <!-- TULISNA HANDAPEUN KALIMAH IEU --></noinclude> == VisualEditor News #1—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|300px|right|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]] Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's appéarance, the coming Citoid reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The Wikimedia Foundation has named [[:mw:Wikimedia_Engineering/2014-15_Goals#Top_departmental_priorities_for_Q3_.28January-March_2015.29|its top priorities for this quarter]] (January to March). The first priority is making VisualEditor réady for deployment by default to all new users and logged-out users at the remaining large Wikipedias. You can help identify these requirements. <mark>There will be weekly '''triage meetings '''which''' will be open to volunteers''' beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC). </mark> Tell Vice présidént of Engineering [[:foundation:User:Damon_Sicore_(WMF)|Damon Sicore]], Product Manager [[:mw:User:Jdforrester_(WMF)|James Forrester]] and other téam members which bugs and féatures are most important to you. The decisions made at these meetings will determine what work is necessary for this quarter's goal of making VisualEditor réady for deployment to new users. The presence of volunteers who enjoy contributing MediaWiki code is particularly appreciated. Information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins. Due to some bréaking changes in MobileFrontend and VisualEditor, VisualEditor was not working correctly on the mobile site for a couple of days in éarly January. The téams apologize for the problem. === Recent improvements === The''' new design for VisualEditor''' aligns with MediaWiki's [[mw:Frontend standards group|Front-End Standards]] as led by the Design téam. Several new versions of the [[mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]] library have also been reléased, and these also affect the appéarance of VisualEditor and other MediaWiki software extensions. Most changes were minor, like changing the text size and the amount of white space in some windows. Buttons are consistently color-coded to indicate whether the action: * starts a new task, like opening the {{int:visualeditor-toolbar-savedialog}} dialog: <span style="background-color: #015ccc; color:white"> blue </span>, * takes a constructive action, like inserting a citation: <span style="background-color: #008c6d; color:white"> green </span>, * might remove or lose your work, like removing a link: <span style="background-color: #a7170f; color:white"> red </span>, or * is neutral, like opening a link in a new browser window: <span style="color: 757575"> gray </span>. The '''TemplateData editor''' has been completely re-written to use a different design based on the same OOjs UI system as VisualEditor. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67815 T67815], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73746 T73746].) This change fixed a couple of existing bugs and improved usability. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73077 T73077], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73078 T73078].) '''Séarch and replace''' in long documents is now faster. It does not highlight every occurrence if there are more than 100 on-screen at once.([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T78234 T78234].) Editors at the Hebrew and Russian Wikipedia requested the ability to use VisualEditor in the "Article Incubator" or drafts namespace. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86688 T86688], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T87027 T87027].) If your community would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''' on your wiki, then you can file a request in Phabricator. Pléase include a link to a community discussion about the requested change. === Looking ahead === The Editing téam will soon add '''auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations'''. The '''[[mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[w:URL|URL]] or [[w:en: Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After créating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for ISBNs, PMIDs, and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to contribute to the Citoid service's definitions for éach website, to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections. We will need editors to help test the '''new design of the special character inserter''', especially if you spéak Welsh, Breton, or another language that uses diacritics or special characters extensively. The new version should be available for testing next week. Pléase contact [[:en:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] if you would like to be notified when the new version is available. After the special character tool is completed, VisualEditor will be deployed to all users at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5 Wikipedias]]. This will affect about 50 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans, Azerbaijani, Breton, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Mongolian, Tatar, and Welsh'''. The date for this change has not been determined. === Let's work together === *Share your idéas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. *Pléase help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&language=&action=page&filter= complete translations of the user guide] for users who spéak your language. *Join the weekly bug triage meetings beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC); information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins, and you can also contact [[mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James F.]] to léarn more about this initiative. *Talk to the Editing téam during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Thursday, 19 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=19&month=2&year=2015 19:00 UTC]. *Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, pléase subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 5 Pébruari 2015 18.30 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=10839689 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: *[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals *[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 2 Maret 2015 21.14 (UTC) :''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10785744 --> == Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content == This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new idéas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idéa that could help address this problem, pléase get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31. All proposals are welcome - reséarch projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outréach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on idéas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring soméone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge! :*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]] ''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 4 Maret 2015 20.01 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=11457822 --> == VisualEditor News #2—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source: [[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]] Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results. Click the green "Insert" button to accept its results and add them to the article: [[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]] After inserting the citation, you can change it. Select the reference, and click the "Edit" button in the context menu to maké changes. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, éach Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&p1=224&am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC). You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker. Instéad, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. Léarn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. === Recent improvements === VisualEditor is now substantially faster. In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%. The Editing téam is slowly adding '''auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias. The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After créating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for éach website. Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates. If you would like to request this féature for your wiki, pléase post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki. The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users. After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March. This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Koréan and Japanese. These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] ("IMEs”). Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users. The design for the image selection process is now using a "masonry fit" modél. Images in the séarch results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|"packed" mode in image galleries]]. This style helps you find the right image by making it éasier to see more details in images. You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appéarance ​on the page. The pop-up window that appéars when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the "context menu". It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename. The téam has also added an explicit "Edit" button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item. '''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section héadings. Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to booléan value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instéad. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734]) === Looking ahead === The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at éach wiki will also have the option of créating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. The téam is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors. The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666]) === Let's work together === * Share your idéas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * Can you translate from English into any other language? Pléase check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor-ve&suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language. [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! * The design reséarch téam wants to see how réal editors work. Pléase [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * File requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't réading this in your favorite language, then pléase help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 10 April 2015 19.48 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=11742174 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences (200 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for géographies within the United States (10 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]''' — an extensive legal reséarch database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 4 Méi 2015 22.12 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12114173 --> ::Thank you for the info. Mangga ka para wargi anu sakirana peryogi akses ka pabukon2 anu disebat di luhur, tiasa dipolow ap! --[[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 5 Méi 2015 04.11 (UTC) == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope soméone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that maké it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will bréak due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and pléase [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API bréaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely bréak. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development téam, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope soméone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that maké it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will bréak due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and pléase [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API bréaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely bréak. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development téam, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == VisualEditor News #3—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> The link tool has been re-designed: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has créated new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design. Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase. During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not. The main goal of the study is to léarn which group was more likely to save an edit and to maké productive, unreverted edits. Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month. === Recent improvements === '''Auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''. Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May. All citations are now créated inside a single tool. Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}). The cite button is now labeled with the word "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}" rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more méaningful label, "{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}", for the submit button. The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing. It now has two separate sections: one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Séarch results have been reduced to the first five pages. Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appéared over the first match in the link inspector. ([[phab:T98085|T98085]]) The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at éach wiki can also créate a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Pléase réad the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. Also, there is now a tooltip to describing éach character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]]) Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''. When you séarch for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The paraméter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a paraméter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on "{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}" éach time they want to add another paraméter. ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The téam added a '''new property for TemplateData''', "{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}", for template paraméters. This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that paraméter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]]) The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme. In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars. Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design féature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled. The téam has reléased a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''. If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed. === Let's work together === * Share your idéas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC). Léarn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though. Instéad, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. * If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then pléase contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. * If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference féature for your wiki, pléase post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki. *The téam is planning the second VisualEditor-related "translathon" for July. Pléase follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't réading this in your favorite language, then pléase help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div>13 Juni 2015 10.44 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=12206605 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor & Francis]]''' — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts & Humanities and Biological, Environment & éarth Sciences. (30 accounts) *'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]''' — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present. (100 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts) '''New French-Language Branch!''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts). * '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) — Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts). * '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials (1000 accounts). Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12455967 --> == HTTPS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. Hi everyone. Over the last few yéars, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both réaders and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been réady to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals. [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might alréady be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified. Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably alréady had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to maké sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions. /[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]] </div> 19 Juni 2015 22.01 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/HTTPS_global_message_delivery&oldid=12471979 --> == Content Translation, the new article creation tool is now available as a beta-feature == [[File:Cx-icon-ltr.svg|264px|right|Tool icon]] [[File:Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm|thumb|How to use Content Translation - a short video (English)]] Hello, [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has now been enabled as an opt-in beta féature on the Sundanese Wikipedia. To start translating: # Pléase enable the Beta féature in your preferences by checking the box for Content Translation. # Visit the page [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page to open the tool. # Click on the button to créate a new translation. # In the displayed dialog select the language of the original article and the article name, and the language you would like to translate to. Also add the title of the new article (or the original title will be inserted) and click on to begin. Your language preferences will be remembered for the next time. # You will see a screen consisting of three columns. The first column contains the text of the source language and the middle column is for the translated text. Using the third column you can perform several actions such as insert source text, remove the inserted text source text, add or remove links etc. # After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Sundanese Wikipedia by using the publish button that appéars. In case the article gets créated by another user while you were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace. # The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]]. Since this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but pléase do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [[phab:T103546|Phabricator]] if you spot any problems. For more information, pléase réad the information available in the [[:mw:Help:Extension:ContentTranslation|User Guide]]. Our announcement is written only in English, and we would réally appreciate if this message can be translated to réach more users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's Language Engineering Téam:--[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 30 Juni 2015 17.15 (UTC) == Hasil rarancang == Manawi katampi, ieu rarancangan kaca tepas ti simabdi '''[[Pamaké:Uchup19/Kotrétan]]''', anu dioméan tur ditambahan: *Ngoméan tutumbu ''icon'' gambar anu nojo ka tumbu gambarna di commons <small>(aya nu di kana tumbuna masing2 aya nu dibuntukeun)</small> *Ngoméan subkaca keur lumangsung anu teu kompléks, asalna mah <nowiki>{{Portal:Keur lumangsung/Juli 2015}}</nowiki> jadi <nowiki>{{Portal:Keur lumangsung/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}_{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki>. <small>(Supados teu unggal waktu ngaropéa kaca Tepas)</small> *Nambahan Tombol gabung *Nambahan kolom Sajarah poé ieu *Jrd. Panuhun ka {{gero|Kumincir}}, {{gero|Mssetiadi}}, {{gero|Ilham.nurwansah}}, {{gero|A.R Dipusparaga}}. Diantos kedalanna.--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 02.24 (UTC) :Sae, ngan aya sababaraha kalimat/istilah anu perlu dibadamikeun deui. 'Sajarah poe ieu', sakumaha dina obrolan sapalih, mun teu manggih nu pas mah samikeun bae 'poe ieu dina sajarah'. Teras 'kamaotan kiwari', naon nya kalimat anu pas? 'kapapatenan'? --[[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 03.38 (UTC) ::{{gero|Kumincir}} Muhun kang, parantos. Pami <u>kapapatenan</u> téh lomana mah <u>kapapaitan</u> panginten nya?--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 03.51 (UTC) :::Numutkeun pamendak simkuring mah Nu Pupus Kiwari, Nu Kiwari Pupus, atanapi Nu Pupus Taun Ieu. Memang sok rada sesah nyundakeun ke-an teh. Pilihan sanesna : Papaten Kiwari atanapi papait, nanging papait mah sanes mung ukur kanggo urusan pati, tapi kalebet oge teu damang sareng kasangsaraan sanesna. --[[Pamaké:Mssetiadi|Tedi]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Mssetiadi|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 06.13 (UTC) ::::{{gero|Mssetiadi}} Kumaha pami '''Nu Kiwari Pupus''' baé atuh?--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 06.34 (UTC) :::::Simkuring ogé panuju '''Nu Kiwari Pupus''' baé. --[[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|ilhamkang]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 14.15 (UTC) :::::Muhun kang, urang robih--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 14.28 (UTC) == Machine translation support to be enabled soon for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, I wanted to give you a héads up that machine translation support for [[phab:T144903|Sundanese]] is now réady to be extended to [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta féature) using Yandex. It is scheduled to be made active on this Wikipedia on September 14, 2016. This service can be used when translating Wikipedia articles into Sundanese with Content Translation. To start using this service, pléase choose ‘’Yandex.Translate’’ from the ‘’Automatic Translation’’ dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Yandex.Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex|Yandex translation services]], including a summary of the legal contract. Please note, the translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We look forward to your feedback. You can reach us using the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] or [[phab:T144903|phabricator ticket]]. This message could only be written in English and we will really appreciate if it can be translated into Sundanese for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of WMF Language team: --[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 8 Séptémber 2016 13.53 (UTC) </div> == Machine translation support enabled today for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, machine translation support for [[:mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta féature) has now been extended and enabled for users of [[phab:T144903|Sundanese Wikipedia]] using Yandex. It can be used when translating Wikipedia articles into Sundanese with Content Translation. To start using this service, pléase choose ‘’Yandex.Translate’’ from the ‘’Automatic Translation’’ dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Yandex.Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. Wikimedia Foundation’s Legal team and Yandex had collaborated earlier to work out [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex#Summary_of_terms_of_Yandex_agreement|an agreement]] that allows the use of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yandex.Translate Yandex.Translate] without compromising Wikipedia’s policy of attribution of rights, privacy of our users and brand representation. Since November 2015, Yandex machine translation has been used for articles translated for Wikipedias in many languages. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex|Yandex translation services]], including a summary of the legal contract. Please note, translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We have tested the service for use on the Sundanese Wikipedia, but there could be unknown problems that we are not aware of yet. Please do let us know on our [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] or [[phab:T144903|phabricator]] if you face any problems using Content Translation. This message is only in English and we will be very grateful if it could be translated into Sundanese for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of WMF Language team: --[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 15 Séptémber 2016 23.48 (UTC) </div> == The Wikimedia Developer Summit wants you == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The Wikimedia Developer Summit is the annual meeting to push the evolution of MediaWiki and other technologies supporting the Wikimedia movement. The next edition will be held in San Francisco on January 9–11, 2017. We welcome all Wikimedia technical contributors, third party developers, and users of MediaWiki and the Wikimedia APIs. We specifically want to incréase the participation of volunteer developers and other contributors déaling with extensions, apps, tools, bots, gadgets, and templates. Important déadlines: * Monday, October 24: last day to request travel sponsorship. Applying takes less than five minutes. * Monday, October 31: last day to propose an activity. Bring the topics you care about! More information: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Developer_Summit Subscribe to weekly updates: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Td5wfd70vptn8eu4 [[mw:User:MKramer (WMF)|MKramer (WMF)]] [[mw:User talk:MKramer (WMF)|(talk)]] 14 Oktober 2016 19.07 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=15989926 --> == Developer Wishlist Survey: propose your ideas == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> At the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Developer_Summit Wikimedia Developer Summit], we decided to organize a Developer Wishlist Survey, and here we go: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist The Wikimedia technical community seeks input from developers for developers, to créate a high-profile list of desired improvements. The scope of the survey includes the MediaWiki platform (core software, APIs, developer environment, enablers for extensions, gadgets, templates, bots, dumps), the Wikimedia server infrastructure, the contribution process, and documentation. The best part: we want to have the results published by Wednesday, February 15. Yes, in a month, to have a higher chance to influence the Wikimedia Foundation annual plan FY 2017-18. There's no time to lose. <b>Propose your idéas before the end of January</b>, either by pushing existing tasks in Phabricator or by créating new ones. You can find instructions on the wiki page. Questions and feedback are welcome especially on the related Talk page. The voting phase is expected to start on February 6 (tentative). Watch this space (or even better, the wiki page) - [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:SSethi_(WMF) SSethi_(WMF)] January 21st, 2017 3:07 AM (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=16170185 --> == Developer Wishlist Survey: Vote for Proposals == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Almost two weeks ago, the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Technical_Collaboration Technical Collaboration team] invited proposals for the first edition of the Developer Wishlist survey! We collected around 77 proposals that were marked as suitable for the developer wishlist and met the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist#Scope defined scope and criteria]. These proposals fall into the following nine categories: Frontend, Backend, Code Contribution (Process, Guidelines), Extensions, Technical Debt, Developer Environment, Documentation, Tools (Phabricator, Gerrit) and Community Engagement. Voting phase starts now and will run until <b>February 14th, 23:59 UTC</b>. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist Click here on a category and show support for the proposals you care for most]. Use the 'Vote' and 'Endorse' buttons next to a proposal to do so. <b>What happens next?</b><br/> Proposals that will gather most votes will be included in the final results which will be published on <b>Wednesday, February 15th</b>. These proposals will also be considered in the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual plan FY 2017-18 - [[m:User:SSethi_(WMF)|SSethi_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:SSethi_(WMF)|talk]]) 04:41, 6 February 2017 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=16170185 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun == Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, féatured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to réach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 10 Juni 2016 15.31 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idéa is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content! Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 1 Juli 2016 14.10 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Open call for Project Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: :Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. :Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session :*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] :Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]] :With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 5 Juli 2016 15.25 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15504704 --> == New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, héalth care, and engineering - 10 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 30 Agustus 2016 18.38 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15804509 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: *'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy *'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities *'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals *'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–héaring journals *'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics '''Expansions''' *'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added *'''[[:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence & Security Studies collection Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today! <br>--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 1 Nopémber 2016 18.30 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15939318 --> == New notification when a page is connected to Wikidata == Hello all, ''({{Int:Please-translate}})'' The Wikidata development team is about to deploy a new feature on all Wikipedias. It is a new type of notification (via Echo, the notification system you see at the top right of your wiki when you are logged in), that will inform the creator of a page, when this page is connected to a Wikidata item. You may know that [[d:Wikidata:Main page|Wikidata]] provides a centralized system for all the interwikilinks. When a new page is created, it should be connected to the corresponding Wikidata item, by modifying this Wikidata item. With this new notification, editors creating pages will be informed when another editor connects this page to Wikidata. [[File:Screenshot Echo Wikibase notification.png]] This feature will be deployed on May 30th on all the Wikipedias, excepting English, French and German. This feature will be disable by default for existing editors, and enabled by default for new editors. This is the first step of the deployments, the Wikipedias and other Wikimedia projects will follow in the next months. If you have any question, suggestion, please let me know by pinging me. You can also follow and leave a comment [[phab:T142102|on the Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks go to [[d:user:Matěj Suchánek|Matěj Suchánek]] who developed this feature! {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] ([[:d:User talk:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16774958 --> == Wikidata changes now also appear in enhanced recent changes == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, and sorry to write this message in English. You can [[mw:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Wikidata_in_enhanced_recent_changes|help translating it]]. Starting from today, you will be able to display Wikidata changes in both modes of the recent changes and the watchlist. '''[[mw:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Wikidata_in_enhanced_recent_changes|Read and translate the full message]]''' {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 29 Juni 2017 08.33 (UTC) <small>(wrong target page? you can [[m:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)/List Wikipedias|fix it here]])</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16777494 --> == Improved search in deleted pages archive == {{int:please-translate}} During Wikimedia Hackathon 2016, the [[mw:Wikimedia_Discovery|Discovery]] team [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T109561 worked] on one of the items on the 2015 community wishlist, namely [[m:2015_Community_Wishlist_Survey/Search#Provide_a_means_of_searching_for_deleted_pages|enabling searching the archive of deleted pages]]. This feature is now ready for production deployment, and will be enabled on all wikis, except Wikidata. Right now, the feature is behind a feature flag - to use it on your wiki, please go to the <code>Special:Undelete</code> page, and add <code>&fuzzy=1</code> to the URL, like this: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUndelete&fuzzy=1. Then search for the pages you're interested in. There should be more results than before, due to using ElasticSearch indexing (via the CirrusSearch extension). We plan to enable this improved search by default on all wikis soon (around August 1, 2017). If you have any objections to this - please raise them with the Discovery team via [http://mailto:discovery@lists.wikimedia.org email] or on this announcement's discussion page. Like most Mediawiki configuration parameters, the functionality can be configured per wiki. Once the improved search becomes the default, you can still access the old mode using <code>&fuzzy=0</code> in the URL, like this: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUndelete&fuzzy=0 Please note that since Special:Undelete is an admin-only feature, this search capability is also only accessible to wiki admins. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 25 Juli 2017 18.40 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Archive_search_announce/Distribution_list&oldid=17036927 --> == Improvements coming soon to Recent Changes == <div dir="ltr"> [[File:Rc-beta-tour-welcome-ltr.gif|link=Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New_filters_for_edit_review|right|frameless]] Hello Sorry to use English. {{Int:please-translate}}! {{Int:thank-you}} '''In short:''' starting on 26 September, New Filters for Edit Review ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|now in Beta]]) will become standard on Recent Changes. They provide an array of new tools and an improved interface. If you prefer the current page you will be able to opt out. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about the New Filters]]. <big>'''What is this feature again?'''</big> This feature improves [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:RecentChangesLinked]] (and soon, [[Special:Watchlist]] – see below). Based on a new design, it adds new features that ease vandalism tracking and support of newcomers: * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|Filtering]] - filter recent changes with easy-to-use and powerful filters combinations, including filtering by namespace or tagged edits. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Highlighting function|Highlighting]] - add a colored background to the different changes you are monitoring. It helps quick identification of changes that matter to you. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Bookmarking|Bookmarking]] to keep your favorite configurations of filters ready to be used. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quality and Intent Filters|Quality and Intent Filters]] - those filters use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES predictions]]. They identify real vandalism or good faith intent contributions that need help. They are not available on all wikis. You can know more about this project by visiting [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quick tour|the quick tour help page]]. <big>'''Concerning RecentChanges'''</big> Starting on 26 September, '''New Filters for Edit Review will become standard on Recent Changes'''. We have decided to do this release because of a long and successful Beta test phase, positive feedback from various users and positive user testing. Some features will remain as Beta features and will be added later. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about those different features]]. If your community has specific concerns about this deployment or internal discussion, it can request to have the deployment to their wikis delayed to October 1, if they have ''sensible, consistent with the project, actionable, realistic feedback to oppose'' (at the development team's appreciation). You will also be able to opt-out this change in your preferences. <big>'''Concerning Watchlists'''</big> Starting on '''September 19''', the Beta feature will have a new option. '''Watchlists will have all filters available now on the Beta Recent Changes improvements'''. If you have already activated the Beta feature "{{int:eri-rcfilters-beta-label}}", you have no action to take. If you haven't activated the Beta feature "{{int:eri-rcfilters-beta-label}}" and you want to try the filters on Watchlists, please go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|your Beta preferences]] on September 19. <big>'''How to be ready'''</big> Please share this announcement! Do you use Gadgets that change things on your RecentChanges or Watchlist pages, or have you customized them with scripts or CSS? You may have to make some changes to your configuration. Despite the fact that we have tried to take most cases into consideration, some configurations may break. The Beta phase is a great opportunity to have a look at local scripts and gadgets: some of them may be replaced by native features from the Beta feature. Please ping me if you have questions. On behalf of the [[mw:Global Collaboration|Global Collaboration team]], [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 14 Séptémber 2017 15.27 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17219431 --> == Global preferences available for testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Greetings, Global preferences, a [[m:2016_Community_Wishlist_Survey/Categories/Miscellaneous#Global_settings|highly request feature in the 2016 Community Wishlist]], is available for testing. # [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|Read over the help page]], it is brief and has screenshots # Login or register an account on [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:Login Beta English Wikipedia] # Visit [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:GlobalPreferences Global Preferences] and try enabling and disabling some settings # Visit some other language and project test wikis such as [https://en.wikivoyage.beta.wmflabs.org English Wikivoyage], the [https://he.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99 Hebrew Wikipedia] and test the settings # [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|Report your findings, experience, bugs, and other observations]] Once the team has feedback on design issues, bugs, and other things that might need worked out, the problems will be addressed and global preferences will be sent to the wikis. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thanks! --[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 27 Pébruari 2018 00.24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17571042 --> == Notification from edit summary == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Greetings, The ability to [[m:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary|notify other users in edit summaries]] will be available later this week, on 15 March 2018. Other users can be notified if a [[m:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary#How_it_works|link to their user page is provided in an edit summary]]. Some user-made gadgets and scripts that automatically put user names in edit summaries may need to be changed to put a colon in the link, such as <nowiki>[[:User:Example]]</nowiki>. You can change how you receive these mention notifications in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|preferences]]. This feature was [[m:2017_Community_Wishlist_Survey|highly requested in the 2017 Community Wishlist survey]], and [[m:Talk:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary|feedback is welcome]]. Thanks, happy editing to you. -[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 12 Maret 2018 21.09 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17778225 --> == We need your feedback to improve Lua functions == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello, (I’m sorry for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}) If you’re regularly using Lua modules, creating and improving some of them, we need your feedback! The Wikidata development team would like to provide more Lua functions, in order to improve the experience of people who write Lua scripts to reuse Wikidata's data on the Wikimedia projects. Our goals are to help harmonizing the existing modules across the Wikimedia projects, to make coding in Lua easier for the communities, and to improve the performance of the modules. We would like to know more about your habits, your needs, and what could help you. We have a few questions for you [[d:Wikidata:New convenience functions for Lua|on this page]]. Note that if you don’t feel comfortable with writing in English, you can answer in your preferred language. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 27 Maret 2018 08.56 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Luannouncement&oldid=17873868 --> == Time to bring embedded maps (‘mapframe’) to most Wikipedias == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Time to bring embedded maps (‘mapframe’) to most Wikipedias''' {{int:please-translate}} [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Mapframe]] is a feature that enables users to easily display interactive maps right on wiki pages. Currently, most Wikipedias don’t have mapframe. But [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Maps#Milestones_and_Updates|fifteen Wikipedias]], along with all the other Wikimedia projects, are using mapframe today to display maps on thousands of pages. A little background: over the last few months, the Foundation’s [[mw:Collaboration|Collaboration team]] has been working to improve the stability and user experience of the maps service. In addition, a question about long-term support for the maps service was recently settled, and a small team has been assigned for routine maintenance. Given these developments, bringing the benefits of mapframe to Wikipedias that lack the feature seems both safe and supportable. [[phab:T191583|Nine Wikipedias]] that use a stricter version of Flagged Revisions will not get mapframe in this release. Maps are a valuable form of visual data that can improve readers’ understanding across a wide range of topics. If you know of any reasons why mapframe shouldn’t be implemented on your Wikipedia, let us know [[mw:Talk:Map_improvements_2018|on the project talk page]]. Unless we hear from you, we plan to release mapframe to most Wikipedias in May, 2018. So, if you foresee an issue, please let us hear from you. Otherwise, happy mapping! </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 24 April 2018 21.38 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JMatazzoni_(WMF)/mapframe-to-all-wikipedias-notice/distribution_list&oldid=17969222 --> == Wikitext highlighting out of beta == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|Wikitext syntax highlighting]], also known as CodeMirror, has been moved out of Beta Features and is available in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017_wikitext_editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] on all wikis. Syntax highlighting helps you see problems in your wikitext before previewing or publishing text. Please try out the tool if you did not do so while it was being developed, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:CodeMirror|feedback is welcome]]. - [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) </div>4 Méi 2018 18.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17844049 --> == Improvements coming soon on Watchlists == <div dir="ltr"> [[File:Rc-beta-tour-welcome-ltr.gif|link=Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New_filters_for_edit_review|right|frameless]] Hello Sorry to use English. {{Int:please-translate}}! {{Int:thank-you}} '''In short:''' starting on June 18, New Filters for Edit Review ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|now in Beta]]) will become standard on Watchlists. They provide an array of new tools and an improved interface. If you prefer the current page you will be able to opt out. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about the New Filters]]. <big>'''What is this feature again?'''</big> This feature is used by default on [[Special:RecentChanges]], [[Special:RecentChangesLinked]] and as a Beta feature on [[Special:Watchlist]]. Based on a new design, that feature adds new functions to those pages, to ease vandalism tracking and support of newcomers: * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|Filtering]] - filter recent changes with easy-to-use and powerful filters combinations, including filtering by namespace or tagged edits. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Highlighting function|Highlighting]] - add a colored background to the different changes you are monitoring. It helps quick identification of changes that matter to you. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Bookmarking|Bookmarking]] to keep your favorite configurations of filters ready to be used. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quality and Intent Filters|Quality and Intent Filters]] - those filters use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES predictions]]. They identify real vandalism or good faith intent contributions that need help. They are not available on all wikis. You can know more about this project by visiting [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quick tour|the quick tour help page]]. <big>'''About the release on Watchlists'''</big> Over 70,000 people have activated the New Filters beta, which has been in testing on Watchlist for more than eight months. We feel confident that the features are stable and effective, but if you have thoughts about these tools or the beta graduation, [[mw:Talk:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|please let us know]] on the project talk page. In particular, tell us if you know of a special incompatibility or other issue that makes the New Filters problematic on your wiki. We’ll examine the blocker and may delay release on your wiki until the issue can be addressed. The deployment will start on June 18 or on June 25, depending on the wiki ([[phab:T195993#4261642|check the list]]). After the deployment, you will also be able to opt-out this change directly from the Watchlist page and also in your preferences. <big>'''How to be ready?'''</big> Please share this announcement! If you use local Gadgets that change things on your Watchlist pages, or have a customized scripts or CSS, be ready. You may have to make some changes to your configuration. Despite the fact that we have tried to take most cases into consideration, some configurations may break. The Beta phase is a great opportunity to have a look at local scripts and gadgets: some of them may be replaced by native features from the Beta feature. Please share your questions and comments on the [[mw:Talk:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|feedback page]]. On behalf of the [[mw:Collaboration|Collaboration team]], [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 7 Juni 2018 13.14 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox2&oldid=18110305 --> == Update on page issues on mobile web == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Update on page issues on mobile web''' {{int:please-translate}} Hi everyone. The [[mw:Reading/Web/Team|Readers web team]] has recently begun working on exposing issue templates on the mobile website. Currently, details about issues with page content are generally hidden on the mobile website. This leaves readers unaware of the reliability of the pages they are reading. The goal of this project is to improve awareness of particular issues within an article on the mobile web. We will do this by changing the visual styling of page issues. So far, we have [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|drafted a proposal on the design and implementation]] of the project. We were also able to run [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues/Research Results|user testing on the proposed designs]]. The tests so far have positive results. Here is a quick summary of what we learned: * The new treatment increases awareness of page issues among participants. This is true particularly when they are in a more evaluative/critical mode. * Page issues make sense to readers and they understand how they work * Readers care about page issues and consider them important * Readers had overwhelmingly positive sentiments towards Wikipedia associated with learning about page issues Our next step would be to start implementing these changes. We wanted to reach out to you for any concerns, thoughts, and suggestions you might have before beginning development. Please [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|visit the project page]] where we have more information and mockups of how this may look. Please [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|leave feedback on the talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 12 Juni 2018 20.58 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18120916 --> == Tidy to RemexHtml == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[:mw:Parsing|Parsing]] team will be [[:mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|replacing Tidy with RemexHtml]] at this wiki on 5 July 2018. Some pages at this wiki use outdated HTML. This change may change the appearance of those pages. [[Special:LintErrors]] has a complete list of affected pages. Read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html this e-mail message] for more information. Read the instructions at [[:mw:Help:Extension:Linter]]. You can ask questions at [[:mw:Talk:Parsing/Replacing Tidy]]. Thank you for helping fix these problems. </div> [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 2 Juli 2018 14.38 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Editing/Parsing_change&oldid=18129171 --> == Consultation on the creation of a separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all, I'm preparing a change in who can edit sitewide CSS/JS pages. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which are executed in the browser of all readers and editors.) Currently all administrators are able to edit these pages, which poses a serious and unnecessary security risk. Soon, a dedicated, smaller user group will take over this task. Your community will be able to decide who belongs in this group, so this should mean very little change for you. You can find out more and provide feedback at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|the consultation page on Meta]]. If you are involved in maintaining CSS/JS code, or policymaking around adminship requests, please give it a look! Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 9 Juli 2018 10.50 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tgr@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=18158890 --> == Technical Advice IRC Meeting == [[File:Technical Advice IRC Meeting Logoat.svg|right|200px]] We'd like to invite you to the weekly [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|Technical Advice IRC meeting]]. The Technical Advice IRC Meeting (''TAIM'') is a weekly support event for volunteer developers. Every Wednesday, two full-time developers are available to help you with all your questions about Mediawiki, gadgets, tools and more! This can be anything from "how to get started" and "who would be the best contact for X" to specific questions on your project. The Technical Advice IRC meeting is '''every Wednesday 3-4 pm UTC''' as well as on '''every first Wednesday of the month 11-12 pm UTC'''. If you already know what you would like to discuss or ask, please add your topic to the next meeting: [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|Technical Advice IRC meeting]] Cheers, -- [[User:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|talk]]) 14:27, 30 July 2018 (UTC) == Enabling a helpful feature for Template editors == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello. The team working on TemplateStyles at the Wikimedia Foundation would like to enable TemplateStyles on this wiki. TemplateStyles is a feature to allow non-administrators to write and manage CSS styles for templates. It allows contributors who edit templates to separate content and presentation. A good web practice that makes it easier to manage the layout of templates. If you don't edit templates, this will not have any impact on your contributions. TemplateStyles is useful for a few reasons. * It makes it possible for templates to work better on mobile. * It cuts out confusion on where to apply CSS rules. * Editing CSS is currently limited to administrators, which is a major barrier to participation. * All stylesheets must be loaded on all pages (whether they actually use the page or not), which wastes bandwidth and makes debugging style rules more difficult. You can [[mw:Help:TemplateStyles|learn more about TemplateStyles on MediaWiki.org]]. [[mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|Technical documentation is also available]]. This is an optional feature and no one must use it, but template contributors are encouraged to do so! Please discuss and let us know if there are any concerns. If there are no concerns we will proceed to deploy the feature on the 9th of August. Thank you. </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 6 Agustus 2018 21.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18277775 --> == Wikidata Bridge: edit Wikidata’s data from Wikipedia infoboxes == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for writing this message in English - feel free to help us translating it :)'' Hello all, Many language versions of Wikipedia use the content of [[Wikidata]], the centralized knowledge base, to fill out the content of infoboxes. The data is stored in Wikidata and displayed, partially or completely, in the Wikipedia’s language, on the articles. This feature is used by many template editors, but brought several issues that were raised by communities in various places: not being able to edit the data directly from Wikipedia was one of them. This is the reason why the '''[[mw:Wikidata Bridge|Wikidata Bridge]]''' project started, with the goal of offering a way to Wikipedia editors to edit Wikidata’s data more easily. This will be achieved by an interface, connected to the infobox, that users can access directly from their local wiki. The project is now at an early stage of development. A lot of [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Research|user research]] has been done, and will continue to be done through the different phases of the project. The next steps of [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Development|development]] will be achieved by the development team working at Wikimedia Deutschland, starting now until the end of 2019. In order to make sure that we’re building a tool that is answering editors’ needs, we’re using agile methods in our development process. We don’t start with a fixed idea of the tool we want to deliver: we will build it together with the editors, based on feedback loops that we will regularly organize. The first version will not necessarily have all of the features you want, but it will keep evolving. Here’s the planned timeline: * From June to August, we will build the setup and technical groundwork. * From September to November 2019, we will develop the first version of the feature and publish a test system so you can try it and give feedback. * Later on, we will test the feature on a few projects, in collaboration with the communities. ** We will first focus on early adopters communities who already implemented a shortcut from their infoboxes to edit Wikidata (for example Russian, Catalan, Basque Wikipedias) ** but we also welcome also communities who [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Get_involved|volunteer to be part of the first test round]]. ** Then we will reach some of the big Wikipedias (French, German, English) in order to see if the project scales and to address their potentially different needs. ** Even later, we can consider enabling the feature on all the other projects. In any case, no deployment or big change will be enforced on the projects without talking to the communities first, and helping the template builders to prepare for the changes they will have to do on the infoboxes’ code. If you want to get involved, there are several ways to help: * Read and help translating [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge|the documentation pages]] * Follow the [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Updates|updates]] and participate in [[mw:Topic:V1x2lxtu8rgi954a|the first feedback loop]] * Talk about it with your local community More ideas will be added [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Get_involved|on this page]] along the way If you have any questions for the development team, feel free to ask them [[mw:Talk:Wikidata_Bridge|on the main talk page]]. You can also ask under this message, but if you expect an answer from me, please make sure to ping me. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 24 Juni 2019 13.03 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=19168539 --> == Wikipédia basa Sunda atawa Wikipédia Sunda? == Aya kamandang yén ngaran '''Wikipédia basa Sunda''' diganti jadi '''Wikipédia Sunda''' sangkan leuwih ringkes, sarta Wikipédia basa séjén saperti basa Jawa jeung basa Minangkabau ogé geus ngaganti ngaranna jadi Wikipédia Jawa jeung Wikipédia Minangkabau. Salian ti éta, dileungitkeunna kecap "basa" ogé sangkan ieu wikipédia bisa ngawengku réa hal, utamana ngeunaan Sunda, saperti budaya Sunda, jeung sajabana. Kumaha kamandang sadérék ngeunaan hal ieu? --[[Pamaké:A2613|A2613]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:A2613|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 02.56 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} Satuju dirobah jadi Wikipédia Sunda [[Pamaké:Harditaher|Harditaher]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Harditaher|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 03.12 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} Haméh teu panyang teuing.--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font color="#">yusup_ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 12 Juli 2019 04.05 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} [[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 04.15 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} [[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|ilhamkang]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|sawala]]) 2 Séptémber 2019 04.13 (UTC) == Google Code-In will soon take place again! Mentor tasks to help new contributors! == Hi everybody! Google Code-in (GCI) will soon take place again - a seven week long contest for 13-17 year old students to contribute to free software projects. Tasks should take an experienced contributor about two or three hours and can be of the categories Code, Documentation/Training, Outreach/Research, Quality Assurance, and User Interface/Design. Do you have any Lua, template, gadget/script or similar task that would benefit your wiki? Or maybe some of your tools need better documentation? If so, and you can imagine enjoying mentoring such a task to help a new contributor, please check out [[:mw:Google Code-in/2019]] and become a mentor. If you have any questions, feel free to ask at [[:mw:Talk:Google Code-in/2019|our talk page]]. Many thanks in advance! --[[User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] 5 Nopémber 2019 07.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Martin Urbanec@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=19202271 --> == ‎Improving the translation support for the Sundanese Wikipedia == Hi! [[:mw:Content translation|Content translation]] has been successful in supporting the translation process on many Wikipedia communities, and we want to help additional wikis with potential to grow using translation as part of [[:mw:Content translation/Boost|a new initiative]]. Content translation facilitates the creation of Wikipedia articles by translating content from other languages. It has been used already to create more than half a million articles. In addition, the tool provides [[:mw:Help:Content translation/Translating/Translation quality|mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content]], preventing the publication of lightly edited machine translations. In general, our analysis shows that the translations produced are [[:mw:Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison|less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch]]. Sundanese Wikipedia editors have used Content translation to create [[Special:CXStats|more than three hundred articles]]. Given the size of the editing community, we think that there is potential to use translation to create more articles, expand existing ones, and attract new editors that learn how to make productive edits. Translation can help the community to reduce the language gap with other languages and grow the number of editors in a sustainable way. In order to achieve this goal, we want to collaborate with you to make Content translation more visible in the Sundanese Wikipedia and support new ways to translate. As a first step, during the next weeks we plan to enable Content translation by default on the Sundanese Wikipedia. That will make it easy for users to discover the tool [[:mw:Help:Content_translation/Starting|through several entry points]]. However, users not interested in translation will still be able to disable it from their preferences. Please feel free to share any comment in this conversation thread. Thanks! --[[Pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|sawala]]) 3 Agustus 2020 12.45 (UTC) :Hello everyone. We have enabled [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content translation]] by default on the Sundanese Wikipedia. :Now it is easy for users to discover the tool [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Starting through several entry points]. However, users not interested in translation can disable it [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|from their preferences]]. :We expect this will help translators to create more content of good quality in Sundanese. We’ll be monitoring [[Special:ContentTranslationStats|the statistics for Sundanese]] as well as [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges?hidepageedits=1&hidecategorization=1&hideWikibase=1&hidelog=1&namespace=0&tagfilter=contenttranslation&limit=500&days=30&urlversion=2 the list of articles created] with the tool. Content translation provides [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality quality control mechanisms] to prevent the abuse of machine translation and the limits can be adjusted based on the needs of each community. Please, feel free to share your impressions about the content created and how the tool works for the community. This feedback is essential to improve the tool to better support your needs. :Thanks! --[[Pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|sawala]]) 11 Agustus 2020 12.00 (UTC) == Technical maintenance planed‬ == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''A maintenance operation will be performed tomorrow morning UTC time (Wednesday 17th at 07:00 AM UTC).''' It will impact all wikis and is supposed to last up to one minute. During this time, new translations may fail, and Notifications may not be delivered. For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T273762|on Phabricator]]. A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation. Thank you, [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 16 Pébruari 2021 17.45 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=21037579 --> == Coolest Tool Award 2021: Call for nominations == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Coolest Tool Award 2021 square_logo.svg|thumb|193x193px]] The third edition of the [[m:Coolest Tool Award]] is looking for nominations! Tools play an essential role for the Wikimedia projects, and so do the many volunteer developers who experiment with new ideas and develop and maintain local and global solutions to support the Wikimedia communities. The Coolest Tool Award aims to recognize and celebrate the coolest tools in a variety of categories. The awarded projects will be announced and showcased in a virtual ceremony in December. Deadline to submit nominations is October 27. More information: [[m:Coolest Tool Award]]. Thanks for your recommendations! -- [[User:SSethi (WMF)|SSethi (WMF)]] for the [[m:Coolest Tool Award#Coolest Tool Award 2021|2021 Coolest Tool Academy team]] 19 Oktober 2021 05.57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22003007 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2022 is coming. Help us! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] starts in less than two weeks ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220110T1800 Monday 10 January 2022, 18:00 UTC]). We, the team organizing the Survey, need your help. {| width=80% style="text-align:center; margin:auto;" class=plainlinks |- valign=top |width=50%| '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=agg-Community_Wishlist_Survey&action=page&filter= <span class="mw-ui-button">Translate important messages</span>]''' | [[Community Wishlist Survey/Help us|<span class="mw-ui-button>Promote the Survey</span>]] Among anyone and everyone you know who has an account on wiki. Promote the Survey on social media, via instant messaging apps, in other groups and chats, in your WikiProject, Wikimedia affiliate - wherever contributors with registered accounts may be. |} '''Only you can make the difference''' How many people will hear and read about the Survey in their language? How many will decide to participate? Will there be enough of you to vote for a change you would like to see? It all depends on you, volunteers. '''Why are we asking?''' * [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/FAQ|We have improved the documentation]]. It's friendlier and easier to use. This will mean little if it's only in English. * Thousands of volunteers haven't participated in the Survey yet. We'd like to improve that, too. Three years ago, 1387 people participated. Last year, there were 1773 of them. We hope that in the upcoming edition, there will be even more. You are better than us in contacting Wikimedians outside of wikis. We have prepared some images to share. More to come. '''What is the Community Wishlist Survey?''' [[File:Community Wishlist Survey banner - translatable.svg|350px|thumb]] It's an annual survey that allows contributors to the Wikimedia projects to propose and vote for tools and platform improvements. Long years of experience in editing or technical skills are not required. Thanks, and be safe and successful in 2022! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 29 Désémber 2021 03.15 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22319964 --> == Save the Date: Coolest Tool Award 2021: this Friday, 17:00 UTC == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <languages /> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2021 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1642179615 Friday 14 January 2022, 17:00 UTC]. This award is highlighting software tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects. The ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to our tool developers and maybe discover new tools! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Read more about the livestream and the discussion channels.]] Thanks for joining! [[m:User:AKlapper (WMF)|andre]] ([[m:User talk:AKlapper (WMF)|talk]]) -08:02, 6 January 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22528634 --> == Last two days for submitting proposals == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]] '''Tomorrow is the last day''' for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|submitting proposals for the Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]. Also, everyone is welcome to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Help us|translate, promote]], and discuss proposals. [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 22 Januari 2022 14.45 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == Rollout of the new audio and video player == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Hello, Over the next months we will gradually change the audio and video player of Wikis from Kultura to Video.js and with that, the old player won’t be accessible anymore. The new player has been active as a beta feature since May 2017. The new player has many advantages, including better design, consistent look with the rest of our interface, better compatibility with browsers, ability to work on mobile which means our multimedia will be properly accessible on iPhone, better accessibility and many more. The old player has been unmaintained for eight years now and is home-brewn (unlike the new player which is a widely used open source project) and uses deprecated and abandoned frameworks such as jQuery UI. Removing the old player’s code also improves performance of the Wikis for anyone visiting any page (by significantly reducing complexity of the dependency graph of our ResourceLoader modules. See [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/175/wikipedia_s_javascript_initialisation_on_a_budget/ this blog post.]). The old player has many open bugs that we will be able to close as resolved after this migration. The new player will solve a lot of old and outstanding issues but also it will have its own bugs. All important ones have been fixed but there will be some small ones to tackle in the future and after the rollout. What we are asking now is to turn on the beta feature for the new player and let us know about any issues. You can track the work in [[phab:T100106|T100106]] Thank you, [[User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] 17 Pébruari 2022 17.59 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Ladsgroup@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coolest Tool Award 2022: Call for nominations</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/> The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]] welcomes your nominations! What is your favorite Wikimedia related software tool? Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|submit your favorite tools]] by October 12, 2022! The awarded projects will be announced and showcased in a virtual ceremony in December. <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Oktober 2022 18.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Join the Coolest Tool Award 2022: Friday, Dec 16th, 17:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/> The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210028 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! This award is highlighting software tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects. The ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to our tool developers and maybe discover new tools! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Read more about the livestream and the discussion channels.]] Thanks for joining! -[[m:User:SSapaty (WMF)|Komla]] <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Désémber 2022 18.53 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24059435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Graph extension disabled</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" />Yesterday the [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|Wikimedia Foundation noted]] that in the interests of the security of our users, the [[mw:Extension:Graph|Graph extension]] was disabled. This means that pages that were formerly displaying graphs will now display a small blank area. To help readers understand this situation, communities can now define a brief message that can be displayed to readers in place of each graph until this is resolved. That message can be defined on each wiki at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Graph-disabled]]</bdi>. Wikimedia Foundation staff are looking at options available and expected timelines. For updates, follow the public Phabricator task for this issue: [[phab:T334940|T334940]]<section end="message" /> </div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 19 April 2023 17.36 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24483197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Automatic citations based on ISBN are broken</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" /> Apologies if this message does not reach you in your favorite language. [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)/ISBN|You can help translate it centrally at Meta]]. Thanks for your help. We have recently become unable to access the WorldCat API which provided the ability to generate citations using ISBN numbers. The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Editing_team|Editing team]] is investigating several options to restore the functionality, but will need to disable ISBN citation generation for now. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts, such as the autofill button on [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar|refToolbar]]. Please note that all the other automatic ways of generating citations, including via URL or DOI, are still available. You can keep updated on the situation [[phab:T336298|via Phabricator]], or by reading the next issues of [[m:Tech News]]. If you know of any users or groups who rely heavily on this feature (for instance, someone who has an upcoming editathon), I'd appreciate it if you shared this update with them. [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], on behalf of the Editing team.<section end="message" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 11 Méi 2023 19.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=25009633 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Temporary accounts for unregistered editors</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="body" /> ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/Updates/2023-09|Baca ini dalam bahasa Anda]] • <span class=plainlinks>[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-IP+Editing%3A+Privacy+Enhancement+and+Abuse+Mitigation%2FUpdates%2F2023-09&language=&action=page&filter= {{Int:please-translate}}]</span> • Sampaikan perubahan ini ke pengguna lain'' [[File:MediaWiki Temporary accounts page history mockup 2023-09 en.gif|alt=Pengujian halaman riwayat yang menampilkan gaya nama pengguna lama dan baru. Alamat IP 172.0.0.1 berubah menjadi akun sementara ~2024-23126-086, dengan ikon untuk membuka alamat IP asalnya|thumb|400px|Tahun depan, editor yang tidak teregistrasi akan mulai menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary_accounts|akun sementara]]]] Pada tahun 2024, penyunting yang belum [[Special:CreateAccount|mendaftarkan akun]] secara otomatis akan mulai menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary_accounts|akun sementara]]. Penyunting ini kadang disebut "Penyunting IP" karena [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/Glossary_of_key_terms#ip-address|alamat IP]]nya tampil dalam riwayat halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Tim Produk Kepercayaan dan Keamanan]] memberikan presentasi di Wikimania tentang perubahan ini. Anda dapat [https://www.youtube.com/live/3ygRnVXTAPM?si=lAkJEcvgPl1sV6JO&t=22290 menontonnya di YouTube]. Terdapat informasi lebih lanjut di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|m:IP Penyuntingan: Peningkatan Privasi dan Mitigasi Penyalahgunaan]]<section end="body" /> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]])</span> 30 Séptémber 2023 02.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636618 --> == Nulis artikel maké aksara Sunda == Di Wikipédia Sunda teu acan aya aturan ngeunaan kumaha nulis artikel maké aksara Sunda. Hal ieu diidinan atawa henteuna ? Lamun numutkeun sim kuring, upami aya nu nyerat artikel dina aksara Sunda kedah aya ogé artikel nu pakait dina aksara latinna. Ngan hanjakalna tugasna kedah 2x, janten rada ngarepotkeun ogè. Dimana artikel dina aksara latin waé teu acan kagarap sadayana. Kumaha kinten-kinten numutkeun anjeun sadaya ? @[[Pamaké:Kumincir|Kumincir]], @[[Pamaké:A2613|A2613]], @[[Pamaké:Mssetiadi|Mssetiadi]], @[[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|Ilham.nurwansah]], @[[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] Diskusi ieu kabuka ogé kanggo sadaya pamakè aktip Wikipédia Sunda. @[[Pamaké:Dinototosugiarto|Dinototosugiarto]], @[[Pamaké:Hayati Mayang Arum|Hayati Mayang Arum]], jrrd. [[Pamaké:Ariandi Lie|Ariandi Lie]] <sup>[[Obrolan pamaké:Ariandi Lie|ngobrol didieu]]</sup> 6 Juli 2024 12.32 (UTC) :{{Komentar}} abdi méndakan pérkawis anu hampir sarua di [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sawala_(basa)#Pamak%C3%A9an%20Aksara%20Sunda%20di%20Wikip%C3%A9dia%20Sunda diyeu] , kurang leuwih acan aya kawijakan nu ngatur perkawis iyeu. Mungkin éngkin tiasa di riungkeun babareungan deui kahareupna mah. Hatur nuhun <span style="border:3px outset;border-radius:9pt 0;padding:1px 7px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom right, blue,#00FF7F)">[[User:Zulf|<span style="color:#fff;font:1em Lucida Sans">🍃Zulf🍃</span>]]</span><sup>[[User talk:Zulf|''talk'']]</sup> 8 Juli 2024 10.36 (UTC) :Kedahna mah lamun ceuk urang heunteu nulis manual. Aturanna mah tiasa wéh artikel dialihaksarakeun maké bot atawa skrip kitu. Jadina urang nulis heula dina Latin engké dialihaksarakeun otomatis jadi aya ogé anu aksara Sundana. [[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:RXerself|sawala]]) 9 Juli 2024 05.50 (UTC) ::@[[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] Jadi aya dua kaca kitunya? aya tombol aksarana, abdi rada ngadukung ogé lamun kitumah.{{Thumb up}}<span style="border:3px outset;border-radius:9pt 0;padding:1px 7px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom right, blue,#00FF7F)">[[User:Zulf|<span style="color:#fff;font:1em Lucida Sans">🍃Zulf🍃</span>]]</span><sup>[[User talk:Zulf|''talk'']]</sup> 9 Juli 2024 07.28 (UTC) ::Masalahna artikel dina aksara Sunda dipénta keur dipupus siga [[Husus:Diff/672039|kasus ieu]]. Nu menta pamupusan nyaéta anggota SWMT (Small Wiki Monitoring Team) WMF. Taah kumaha kinten-kinten lamun kieu ? [[Pamaké:Ariandi Lie|Ariandi Lie]] <sup>[[Obrolan pamaké:Ariandi Lie|ngobrol didieu]]</sup> 23 Juli 2024 12.16 (UTC) == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita Unggulan''' * Penatalayan kini dapat [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|memblokir akun secara global]]. Sebelum [[phab:T17294|perubahan]], hanya alamat IP dan rentang IP yang dapat diblokir secara global. Memblokir akun secara global berguna ketika pengguna yang diblokir seharusnya tidak keluar log. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Penguncian global]] (semacam mekanisme serupa yang pengguna harus keluar log dari akun mereka) tidak terpengaruh oleh perubahan ini. Fitur pemblokiran akun global yang baru ini berhubungan dengan proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]], yakni jenis akun pengguna baru yang menggantikan alamat IP editor yang tidak terdaftar dan tidak lagi terbuka. * Akhir pekan ini, pengguna situs Wikimedia akan melihat bahwa antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (juga dikenal sebagai "Perubahan Tertunda") telah diperbaiki dan selaras dengan antarmuka MediaWiki lainnya dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|sistem desain Wikimedia]]. Pengalaman antarmuka FlaggedRevs di ponsel dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|kulit Minerva]] sebelumnya tidak konsisten sehingga perlu diperbaiki dan dipindahkan ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] oleh tim Growth WMF dan beberapa sukarelawan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Pengguna situs Wikimedia sekarang dapat mengirimkan permintaan penghilangan akun melalui [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. Fitur ini berguna ketika seorang kontributor ingin berhenti menyunting selamanya. Fitur ini akan membantu Anda menyembunyikan keterkaitan dan penyuntingan Anda di masa lalu untuk melindungi privasi Anda. Setelah diproses, akun tersebut akan dikunci dan diganti namanya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Apakah Anda sudah mencoba memantau dan mengatasi vandalisme di Wikipedia menggunakan ponsel Anda? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ Sebuah artikel blog Diff tentang fitur Patroli di Aplikasi Seluler] menyoroti beberapa kemampuan baru dalam fitur tersebut, termasuk menggeser umpan perubahan terbaru dan perpustakaan pribadi pesan pembicaraan pengguna untuk digunakan saat berpatroli dari ponsel Anda. * Kontributor Wikimedia dan lembaga GLAM (galeri, perpustakaan, arsip, dan museum) sekarang dapat mempelajari dan mengukur dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh Wikimedia Commons dalam menciptakan konten ensiklopedis yang berkualitas dengan menggunakan dasbor analisis [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics]. Dasbor ini menawarkan analisis kepada lembaga-lembaga mengenai hal-hal seperti penyuntingan bulanan dalam sebuah kategori, berkas yang paling banyak dilihat, dan artikel Wikimedia mana yang menggunakan gambar-gambar Commons. Sebagai hasil dari timbunan data baru ini, lembaga GLAM dapat mengukur keuntungan investasi mereka dengan lebih andal untuk program-program yang membawa konten ke dalam Commons digital. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Berita Terbaru Proyek''' * Bagikan ide Anda guna menyempurnakan wiki melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] yang baru saja dibuka kembali. Daftar Harapan Komunitas adalah forum Wikimedia bagi para sukarelawan untuk berbagi ide (yang disebut sebagai harapan) untuk menyempurnakan kinerja wiki. Versi baru dari daftar harapan selalu terbuka, dapat digunakan dengan teks wiki dan Visual Editor, dan menerima harapan dalam bahasa apa pun. '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Anda pernah membayangkan bagaimana perangkat lunak Wikimedia bekerja dalam lebih dari 300 bahasa? Jumlah ini adalah 253 bahasa lebih banyak daripada antarmuka Google Chrome, dan ini bukan suatu kebetulan. Tim Pelokalan Bahasa dan Produk di Wikimedia Foundation mendukung upaya Anda dengan mengadaptasi semua perkakas dan antarmuka yang Anda gunakan ke bahasa Anda dan bahasa lain. Baca lebih lanjut mengenai tim ini dan pekerjaan mereka yang akan datang di [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff].</span> * Bagaimana Wikimedia dapat membangun produk yang inovatif dan bereksperimen sambil mempertahankan situs web yang banyak digunakan? Sebuah [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ artikel blog] baru-baru ini yang ditulis oleh staf WMF, Johan Jönsson, menyoroti pekerjaan inisiatif [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|Pemirsa Masa Depan WMF]], dengan tujuan bukan untuk membuat produk yang sudah jadi, melainkan untuk menguji ide-ide baru, seperti [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|pengaya ChatGPT]] dan [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], untuk membantu membawa Wikimedia ke masa depan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' Anda juga dapat menerima berita lain dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juli 2024 00.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juli 2024 23.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dua fungsi pengurai baru akan diluncurkan pada pekan ini: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> dan <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. Keduanya akan mengurangi kebutuhan untuk <code>Template:Dir</code> dan <code>Template:BCP47</code> di Commons dan memungkinkan kami untuk [[phab:T343131|membuang 100 juta baris]] dari basis data "apa yang terhubung di sini". Para penyunting di wiki manapun yang menggunakan templat ini dapat membantu dengan mengganti templatnya dengan fungsi-fungsi baru ini. Templat-templat di Commons akan diperbarui selama Hackathon di Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Komunitas dapat meminta aktivasi penyunting visual di seluruh ruang nama tempat diskusi kadang-kadang terjadi (misalnya ruang nama ''Wikipedia:'' atau ''Wikisource:'') jika mereka sudah mengerti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|batasan-batasan yang ada]]. Untuk berdiskusi, para pengguna sudah dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] di ruang nama ini. * Kategori pelacakan " Pages using Timeline" telah diberi nama baru menjadi "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" di [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 TranslateWiki]. Wikipedia yang telah menggunakan kategori ini secara lokal harus mengganti nama kategori lokal mereka agar sesuai. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Para penyunting yang membantu menyelenggarakan WikiProjects dan kolaborasi di dalam wiki yang sama, diundang untuk berbagi ide dan contoh-contoh kerja sama yang berhasil dengan tim Campaigns and Programs. Anda dapat mengisi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|angket singkat]] atau membagikan gagasan Anda di [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|halaman pembicaraan]]. Secara khusus, tim tersebut mencari informasi mengenai kolaborasi yang berhasil pada wiki berbahasa selain bahasa Inggris. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengurai baru sedang diluncurkan di wiki {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} selama beberapa bulan ke depan. Wiki {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} dan {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} [[phab:T365367|telah beralih]] ke Parsoid pada pekan lalu. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * Terdapat lebih dari 200 sesi di Wikimania pada pekan ini. Berikut ini adalah rangkuman dari beberapa [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|sesi utama yang berkaitan dengan area produk dan teknologi]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]] terbaru telah terbit. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Nawala Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya termasuk: Pratinjau desain baru untuk halaman-halaman yang dapat diterjemahkan; Pembaruan tentang MinT untuk Para Pembaca Wiki; penerbitan tumpukan terjemahan; dan lain-lain. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|Nawala Wawasan Produk MediaWiki]] bulanan terbaru telah terbit. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Agustus 2024 20.42 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Para penyunting dan pengelola [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] kini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|memperlihatkan CAPTCHA jika sebuah penyaring cocok dengan sebuah suntingan]]. Hal ini memudahkan komunitas untuk menanggapi spam yang dilakukan oleh bot otomatis dengan segera. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Para penatalayan]] sekarang dapat menentukan apakah pemblokiran global sebaiknya mencegah pembuatan akun. Sebelum [[phab:T17273|perubahan ini]] dilakukan oleh Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]], semua pemblokiran global akan menghalangi pembuatan akun. Hal ini akan memudahkan penatalayan mengatasi efek samping yang tidak diinginkan dari pemblokiran global pada alamat IP. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominasi sedang dibuka di Wikitech]] kepada anggota baru untuk melengkapi [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|komite standar Toolforge]]. Komite ini bertugas untuk mengawasi kebijakan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork]] dan kebijakan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool]] di antara tugas-tugas lainnya. Nominasi akan dibuka hingga paling lambat 26 Agustus 2024. * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam bahasa [[d:Q2880037|Bajau Pantai Barat]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Agustus 2024 23.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == Badé sumping: Fitur sub-rujukan énggal - cobian! == <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]].</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Please help us spread the message.</span> --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Para penyunting yang ingin menggunakan ulang referensi tetapi dengan informasi yang berbeda, seperti nomor halaman, mereka dapat melakukannya pada akhir tahun 2024, dengan menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-rujukan]] yang baru. Anda dapat membaca lebih lanjut tentang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|proyek ini]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|cara menguji purwarupanya]]. * Para penyunting yang memakai kategori pelacakan untuk mengenali halaman mana yang menggunakan ekstensi tertentu mungkin menyadari bahwa enam dari kategori tersebut telah diganti namanya agar lebih mudah dipahami dan dibuat konsisten. Kategori-kategori ini secara otomatis ditambahkan ke halaman yang menggunakan ekstensi MediaWiki khusus. Nama-nama yang terpengaruh adalah untuk: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Setiap wiki yang telah membuat kategori secara lokal harus mengganti nama ciptaan lokalnya supaya sesuai. Terima kasih kepada Pppery untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Sukarelawan teknis yang menyunting modul dan ingin mendapatkan daftar kategori yang digunakan di sebuah halaman, kini dapat melakukannya dengan menggunakan atribut <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> dari <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. Cara ini memudahkan wiki untuk mengatur alur kerja seperti pemberitahuan penyuntingan khusus kategori. Terima kasih kepada SD001 untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Status kekutu''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dukungan Anda akan membantu untuk memeriksa apakah terdapat halaman yang perlu dipindahkan atau dihapus. Sebuah skrip pemeliharaan telah dijalankan untuk membersihkan halaman-halaman yang tidak dapat dijangkau (karena kendala Unicode atau adanya nama ruang/nama alias baru). Skrip tersebut mencari kesesuaian nama halaman (misalnya dengan mengikuti perubahan Unicode atau dengan memindahkan halaman yang judulnya di Wikipedia dimulai dengan <code>Talk:WP:</code> agar judulnya dimulai dengan <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), tetapi hal tersebut mungkin mengalami kebuntuan pada beberapa halaman, dan sebagai gantinya dipindahkan ke <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi>. Komunitas Anda sebaiknya memeriksa apakah ada halaman yang tercantum di sana, dan segera pindahkan ke judul yang benar, atau hapus jika sudah tidak diperlukan lagi. Sebuah log utuh (termasuk halaman-halaman yang nama-namanya dapat ditemukan) tersedia di [[phab:P67388]]. * Para penyunting yang menjadi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|pembimbing]] bagi para pendatang baru di wiki mereka kini dapat mengakses daftar calon peserta bimbingan yang dapat dihubungi untuk memberikan petunjuk dan bimbingan. Fungsionalitas ini telah dipulihkan berkat [[phab:T372164|perbaikan sebuah kekutu]]. Terima kasih kepada Mbch331 yang telah mengajukan laporan kekutu. Anda dapat membaca tentang hal tersebut, dan 18 tugas lain yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Batas waktu pendaftaran untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Dewan Penasihat Produk & Teknologi]] (PTAC) telah diperpanjang hingga 16 September. Para anggota akan membantu dalam memberikan saran kepada pimpinan Product and Technology Foundation mengenai rencana jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, masalah strategis yang kompleks, serta membantu mendapatkan umpan balik dari para kontributor dan komunitas teknis. Anggota yang terpilih diharapkan meluangkan waktu sekitar lima jam per bulan untuk posisi Dewan ini selama masa percobaan satu tahun. Pertimbangkanlah untuk mendaftar, dan sebarkanlah informasi ini kepada para sukarelawan yang menurut Anda dapat memberikan kontribusi positif kepada komite itu. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2024]] dianugerahkan di Wikimania dalam tujuh kategori. Sebagai contoh, satu penghargaan jatuh kepada ISA Tool, yang digunakan untuk menambahkan data terstruktur kepada berkas-berkas di Commons, yang baru-baru ini disempurnakan pada saat [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Hackathon Wiki Mentor Africa]]. Anda dapat melihat video peragaan setiap perkakas di halaman penghargaannya. Terima kasih kepada para penerima penghargaan tahun ini, dan terima kasih kepada semua pembuat dan pengelola perkakas. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]] terbaru telah diterbitkan, dan memuat beberapa hal penting dari Wikimania, pertemuan komunitas Bahasa yang akan berlangsung, dan berita lain dari gerakan Wikimedia. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 Agustus 2024 00.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Agustus 2024 20.31 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting dan pengembang sukarelawan yang berminat pada visualisasi data kini dapat menguji perangkat lunak baru untuk pembuatan bagan. Versi awal tersedia di beta Commons dan beta Wikipedia. Ini merupakan tonggak penting sebelum membuat bagan tersedia di wiki secara umum. Anda dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|membaca lebih lanjut mengenai perkembangan proyek ini]] dan membantu menguji bagan tersebut. '''Berita unggulan''' * Editor yang menggunakan halaman [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] kini dapat menyaring halaman yang diinginkan untuk tetap berada di sana, seperti bak pasir, kasus uji, dan templat yang selalu disubstitusi. Para penyunting dapat menambahkan kata magis baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] ke halaman templat untuk menyembunyikannya dari daftar. Terima kasih kepada Sophivorus dan DannyS712 untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Para penyunting yang menggunakan perkakas New Topic di halaman diskusi, [[phab:T334163|sekarang akan diingatkan]] untuk menambahkan tajuk bagian, yang akan membantu menurunkan jumlah pengguna baru yang menambah bagian tanpa tajuk. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang hal tersebut, dan {{formatnum:28}} tugas lain yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. * Pada pekan lalu, beberapa perkakas Toolforge sempat mengalami masalah koneksi. Penyebabnya masih diselidiki, tetapi permasalahan tersebut telah teratasi untuk saat ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Para pengurus terjemahan di wiki multibahasa kini dapat dengan mudah menandai perubahan mana yang memerlukan pemutakhiran terjemahan ketika menyunting beberapa unit terjemahan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan [[phab:T298852#10087288|menu tarik-turun yang baru]]. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Sebuah naskah rancangan kebijakan baru yang membahas penggunaan API Wikimedia [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|telah diterbitkan di Meta-Wiki]]. Draf naskah tersebut tidak mencerminkan perubahan kebijakan di sekitar API, melainkan sebuah upaya untuk mengkodifikasikan peraturan API yang sudah ada. Komentar, pertanyaan, dan saran dapat disampaikan di [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|halaman pembicaraan usulan pembaruan]] hingga 13 September atau hingga diskusi tersebut selesai. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang teknologi di balik proyek-proyek Wikimedia, Anda sekarang dapat menonton sesi dari jalur teknologi di Wikimania 2024 di Commons. Pada pekan ini, simaklah: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 menit) – tentang proyek Charts yang disebutkan di atas. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 menit) – tentang beberapa perkakas bahasa yang mendukung situs Wikimedia, seperti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Penerjemahan Konten]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Bagian]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], dan LanguageConverter, serta kondisi saat ini dan masa depan penerimaan bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Séptémber 2024 01.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Mulai pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaksis]] standar akan memiliki warna baru yang membuatnya serasi dalam mode gelap. Perubahan ini merupakan perubahan pertama dari banyak peningkatan yang akan dilakukan sebagai bagian dari peningkatan besar pada penyorotan sintaksis. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang perubahan yang akan datang di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|halaman bantuan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Para penyunting wiki yang menggunakan Wikidata sekarang akan diberitahu tentang perubahan-perubahan Wikidata yang relevan dalam daftar pantauan mereka. Alasannya adalah karena fungsi Lua <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> akan menggabungkan logikanya untuk melacak berbagai sisi dari pranala untuk mengurangi pemberitahuan tidak penting dari [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|pelacakan pranala yang tidak konsisten]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Pengguna semua wiki hanya dapat mengakses situs-situs Wikimedia dalam mode hanya-baca selama beberapa menit pada 25 September, mulai pukul 15.00 UTC. Hal ini merupakan peralihan pusat data terencana untuk tujuan pemeliharaan. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diumumkan di Berita Teknis dan juga akan dimuat di setiap wiki dalam beberapa pekan mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Para kontributor dari [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedia]], termasuk bahasa Inggris akan mendapatkan ruang nama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> yang baru di Wikipedia mereka. Pembaruan ini memastikan bahwa pranala yang dimulai dengan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (biasanya pintasan ke [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) tidak rusak oleh Wikipedia [[w:en:Mooré|bahasa Mooré]] (kode bahasa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Séptémber 2024 18.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Séptémber 2024 00.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Kabar minggu ini''' * Pengalihan pusat data Wikimedia rutin yang kedua pada tahun ini akan berlangsung pada 25 September 2024. Hal ini mengakibatkan seluruh wiki menjadi tidak bisa disunting untuk beberapa menit (''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]]''), sekitar [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 pukul 22.00 WIB]. '''Pembaruan untuk kontributor''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|Tampilan fitur alt-text pada aplikasi iOS Wikipedia]] * Aplikasi iOS Wikipedia Bahasa Spanyol, Portugis, Prancis dan Tionghoa kini dilengkapi dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|penambahan alt-text]] pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|gambar]]. Fitur alt-text berfungsi untuk memberikan deskripsi tekstual suatu gambar kepada pengguna dengan disabilitas visual. Anda dapat memberikan masukan dan saran terhadap fitur ini melalui [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|halaman pembicaraan ini]]. * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Palet warna [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/ Codex Design System] kini [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Design_System_Team/Color/Design_documentation#Updates telah diperbarui] untuk mendukung penerapan fitur mode gelap (*dark mode*).</span> * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Potongan kode program di MediaWiki, baik itu yang berada di dalam laman kode modul maupun yang berada di dalam tag <code><syntaxhighlight></code>, kini [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166 dilengkapi] dengan fitur hyperlink ke link eksternal, <code><nowiki>[[wikilink]]</nowiki></code> dan <code><nowiki>{{template link}}</nowiki></code>. ** Fitur ini sudah diaktifkan terlebih dahulu secara lokal di laman kode gadget Wiktionary Bahasa Inggris. Sebagai contoh, lihat kode baris 223 pada [https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-CodeLinks.js laman ini].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Terdapat beberapa perbaikan bug pada fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * Selain itu, {{PLURAL:25|terdapat}} {{formatnum:25}} [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|isu teknis]] lainnya yang berhasil diselesaikan pada minggu kemarin. '''Pembaruan untuk kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] ** <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Enterprise Free API [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ kini dilengkapi] dengan kuota 5000 request on-demand dan akses snapshot API (HTML dump) dua kali tiap bulan.</span> ** <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Enterprise Snapshot API kini dilengkapi dengan fitur [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ Structured Content] versi beta. Sementara itu, dataset Wikipedia Bahasa Inggris dan Prancis dalam format Structured Content kini [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ tersedia] di platform Hugging Face.</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In depth</span>''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai tindak lanjut dari rencana [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split pemisahan butir artikel ilmiah dari database Wikidata], SPARQL endpoint Wikidata kini [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/September_2024_scaling_update dipisah] menjadi dua : [https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ scholarly] dan [https://query-main.wikidata.org/ main]. [https://query.wikidata.org/ SPARQL endpoint Wikidata yang dulu] akan tetap menyediakan akses ke seluruh butir Wikidata (sebelum pemisahan) sampai bulan Maret 2025. Setelah itu, endpoint tersebut akan berubah menjadi endpoint main (tanpa butir artikel ilmiah).</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Séptémber 2024 23.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2024 18.57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pembaca dari [[phab:T375401|42 wiki lain]] sekarang dapat menggunakan Mode Gelap. Apabila opsi ini belum tersedia untuk pengguna yang keluar log, ini kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh banyak templat yang belum ditampilkan dengan baik dalam Mode Gelap. Silakan gunakan [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ perkakas pemeriksa mode gelap] jika Anda tertarik untuk membantu mengurangi permasalahan ini. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|Halaman rekomendasi]] memberi panduan tentang hal ini. Mode Gelap dapat diaktifkan pada wiki lainnya satu kali per bulan. * Para penyunting yang menggunakan editor teks wiki 2010 sebagai penyunting bawaan dapat mengakses fitur-fitur dari penyunting teks wikitext 2017 dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> ke URL. Jika Anda ingin mengaktifkan editor teks wiki 2017 sebagai pengaturan bawaan Anda, opsi ini dapat diatur di [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|preferensi Anda]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * Untuk para pembaca yang sudah keluar log dan menggunakan kulit Vector 2022, pranala "Donasi" telah dipindahkan dari menu yang dapat diciutkan di sebelah area konten menjadi menu bagian atas yang lebih mudah terlihat, di sebelah "Buat akun". Cara ini mengembalikan pranala tersebut ke tingkat kedudukannya seperti pada kulit Vector 2010. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Pelajari lebih lanjut]] tentang perubahan yang terkait dengan pengalaman donor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * Ekstensi CampaignEvents menyediakan sarana bagi para panitia untuk mengelola acara dengan lebih mudah, berkomunikasi dengan para peserta, dan mempromosikan acara mereka di wiki. Ekstensi ini telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|diaktifkan]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Wikipedia bahasa Igbo, Wikipedia bahasa Swahili, dan Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Wikipedia bahasa Mandarin]] sudah memutuskan untuk mengaktifkan ekstensi tersebut, dan diskusi mengenai ekstensi ini sedang berlangsung di [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|Wikipedia bahasa Spanyol]] dan [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|Wikidata]]. Untuk mempelajari cara mengaktifkan ekstensi di wiki Anda, Anda dapat mengunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|halaman CampaignEvents di Meta-Wiki]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:22}} {{PLURAL:22|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para pengembang yang memiliki akun di wiki Wikitech sebaiknya [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|memeriksa apakah ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan]] pada akun mereka. Wiki tersebut sedang mengalami perombakan untuk menggunakan sistem "Single-User-Login" (SUL) dan perubahan konfigurasi lainnya. Pembaruan ini akan membantu mengurangi kerumitan secara keseluruhan dalam pembaruan perangkat lunak mingguan di semua wiki kami. '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Pengalihan peladen]] telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu dengan waktu baca-saja [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|hanya 2 menit 46 detik]]. Proses berkala ini memastikan bahwa para teknisi dapat mengalihkan pusat data dan menjaga agar semua wiki tetap dapat diakses oleh para pembaca, bahkan jika ada masalah teknis yang besar. Hal ini juga memberikan peluang bagi para teknisi untuk melakukan pemeliharaan dan peningkatan pada sistem yang biasanya berjalan 24 jam sehari, dan kerap kali membantu mengungkap kelemahan dalam infrastruktur. Proses ini melibatkan puluhan layanan perangkat lunak dan ratusan peladen perangkat keras, dan membutuhkan beberapa tim yang bekerja secara bersama-sama. Upaya yang dilakukan selama beberapa tahun terakhir ini telah memangkas waktu dari 17 menit menjadi 2–3 menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 4–6 Oktober: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|Hackathon di WikiIndaba Conference]] di Johannesburg, Afrika Selatan * 4–6 November: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] di Wina, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Séptémber 2024 22.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para komunitas kini dapat meminta pemasangan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] di wiki mereka. Automoderator merupakan sebuah alat anti-vandalisme otomatis yang mengembalikan suntingan yang buruk berdasarkan nilai dari model pembelajaran mesin "Revert Risk" yang baru. Anda dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|membaca informasi lebih lanjut mengenai langkah-langkah yang diperlukan]] untuk pemasangannya dan konfigurasinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penerjemah di wiki yang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|menggunakan pengalaman Penerjemahan Konten seluler]] kini dapat menyesuaikan daftar saran artikel mereka dari 41 pilihan pilihan penyaringan saat menggunakan fitur ini. Fitur saran artikel berbasis topik ini memudahkan penerjemah untuk menemukan sendiri artikel yang cocok berdasarkan bidang yang mereka minati dan kemudian menerjemahkannya. Anda dapat [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions segera mencobanya dengan perangkat seluler Anda]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * Lihat {{formatnum:12}} {{PLURAL:12|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Blok kode <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> kini dapat menawarkan tombol "Salin" kepada pembaca jika atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|diatur pada tag]]. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Pesan catatan kaki hak cipta yang dikustomisasi di semua wiki akan dimutakhirkan. Versi baru akan menggunakan markah teks wiki alih-alih menggunakan penyuntingan HTML mentah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pada akhir bulan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] akan diluncurkan pada beberapa wiki percobaan. Daftar lengkap wiki akan dipublikasikan pada paruh kedua bulan ini. Jika Anda mengelola perkakas, bot, atau gawai apa pun [[phab:T376499|di 11 wiki ini]], dan peranti lunak Anda memanfaatkan data alamat IP atau dapat diakses oleh pengguna yang sudah keluar log, harap periksa apakah peranti lunak tersebut perlu diperbarui agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Tersedia panduan tentang cara memperbarui kode itu]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pembatasan kecepatan sudah diaktifkan pada perangkat peninjauan kode [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] dan [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] untuk mengatasi masalah yang sedang berlangsung yang diakibatkan oleh lalu lintas dan aktivitas jahat. Klien yang membuka terlalu banyak koneksi secara bersamaan akan dibatasi selama beberapa menit. Pembatasan kecepatan ini dikendalikan melalui aturan tembok api [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]]. Penjelasan lebih lanjut, lihat halaman Wikitech tentang [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|pembatasan GitLab]], dan [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|operasi Gerrit]]. * Lima wiki baru telah dirilis: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} [[d:Q49224|bahasa Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} [[d:Q36096|bahasa Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} [[d:Q36213|bahasa Madura]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} [[d:Q2501174|bahasa Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} [[d:Q56482|bahasa Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 Oktober 2024 23.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ekstensi Structured Discussion (juga dikenal sebagai Flow) kini mulai dihapus. Ekstensi ini tidak dikelola lagi dan menyebabkan beberapa masalah. Ekstensi ini akan digantikan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], yang digunakan pada halaman pembicaraan biasa. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|Sejumlah wiki dalam kelompok pertama]] sedang dihubungi dan diajak untuk meninggalkan penggunaan Flow, serta memindahkan semua halaman Flow ke subhalaman sebagai arsip. Di wiki-wiki ini, sebuah skrip akan memindahkan semua halaman Flow yang bukan subhalaman ke subhalaman secara otomatis mulai tanggal 22 Oktober 2024. Pada 28 Oktober 2024, semua halaman Flow di wiki tersebut akan disetel dalam mode hanya-baca. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * Tim Search Platform WMF sedang mengerjakan upaya untuk mempermudah pembaca dalam melakukan pencarian teks dalam bahasa mereka. [[phab:T332342|Perubahan yang dilakukan pada pekan lalu]] terhadap 30 bahasa lebih memudahkan pencarian kata-kata dengan aksen dan diakritik lainnya. Hal ini berlaku pada pencarian teks lengkap dan jenis pencarian lanjutan seperti kata kunci <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> dan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi>. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai hal-hal teknis (termasuk beberapa peningkatan pencarian kecil lainnya) telah tersedia. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] telah dipasang di Wikipedia bahasa Rusia, dan perbaikan telah dilakukan untuk beberapa tampilan antarmuka pengguna yang masih kurang. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan perkakas Toolforge [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] sekarang akan diminta untuk masuk dengan akun Wikimedia mereka sebelum menjalankan pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan opsi "mesin pencari". Pembaruan ini diperlukan untuk membantu mencegah bot pihak luar menyalahgunakan sistem ini. Terima kasih kepada Chlod untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * Para pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] dapat membuat tiket dan menambahkan komentar pada tiket yang sudah ada melalui surel. Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|pengiriman surel ke Phabricator]] telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Beberapa elemen HTML dalam antarmuka kini dibungkus dengan elemen <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code>, untuk membuat output HTML kami lebih selaras dengan standar Web. Akan ada lebih banyak perubahan seperti ini dalam beberapa pekan ke depan. Perubahan ini mungkin akan berdampak pada beberapa perkakas yang bergantung pada struktur HTML antarmuka sebelumnya. Harap diperhatikan bahwa ketergantungan pada struktur HTML antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|tidak dianjurkan]] dan dapat mengalami kerusakan sewaktu-waktu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|Nawala MediaWiki Product Insights]] bulanan terbaru telah diterbitkan. Edisi ini memuat: pembaruan pada sistem autentikasi Wikimedia, penelitian untuk menyederhanakan pengembangan fitur pada platform MediaWiki, pembaruan pada Unifikasi Parser dan peluncuran MathML, dan masih banyak lagi. * [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Nawala Technical Community]] triwulan terbaru kini telah diterbitkan. Edisi kali ini memuat: penelitian tentang saran perbaikan topik yang berhubungan dengan negara, perbaikan tes PHPUnit, dan masih banyak lagi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Oktober 2024 21.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Mobile Apps telah merilis sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|pembaruan]] pada navigasi aplikasi iOS, dan kini telah tersedia di versi App Store terbaru. Kami menambahkan menu Profil baru yang memudahkan akses ke fitur-fitur editor seperti Notifikasi dan Daftar Pantauan dari tampilan Artikel, dan menempatkan tombol "Donasi" di tempat yang lebih mudah diakses oleh para pengguna yang sedang membaca artikel. Hal ini merupakan tahap pertama dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|penyegaran navigasi]] yang lebih besar yang direncanakan untuk membantu transisi aplikasi iOS dari aplikasi yang berfokus pada pembaca, menjadi sebuah aplikasi yang mendukung penuh kegiatan membaca dan menyunting. Wikimedia Foundation telah menambahkan beberapa fitur penyuntingan dan dukungan untuk komunikasi di dalam wiki berdasarkan permintaan sukarelawan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|Menu profil dan konten Wikipedia App iOS]] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pembaca Wikipedia sekarang dapat mengunduh ekstensi peramban untuk mencoba beberapa ide awal mengenai fitur tambahan yang dapat merekomendasikan artikel untuk dibaca lebih lanjut, meringkas artikel secara otomatis, dan meningkatkan fungsionalitas pencarian. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk mengikuti perkembangannya, lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|halaman Content Discovery Experiments]] dari tim Web dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|berlangganan nawala mereka]]. * Pada akhir bulan ini, para penyunting yang sudah keluar log dari [[phab:T376499|12 wiki ini]] akan mulai dibuatkan [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]]. Daftar ini mungkin akan sedikit berubah, di mana beberapa wiki akan dikeluarkan dari daftar, tetapi tidak ada wiki baru yang akan ditambahkan. Akun sementara merupakan jenis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|akun pengguna yang baru]]. Fitur ini meningkatkan privasi penyunting yang keluar log dan memudahkan anggota komunitas untuk berkomunikasi dengan mereka. Jika Anda mengelola perkakas, bot, atau gawai apa pun di 12 wiki ini, dan perangkat lunak Anda menggunakan data tentang alamat IP atau dapat diakses oleh pengguna yang keluar, periksa apakah perlu dimutakhirkan agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Panduan tentang cara memperbarui kode sudah tersedia]]. Pelajari lebih lanjut mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|rencana penerapannya di semua wiki]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, Wikipedia bahasa [[w:nr:Main Page|Ndebele Selatan]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]], dan [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * Sekarang Anda dapat membuat fungsi di Wikifunctions dengan menggunakan leksem Wikidata, melalui [[f:Z6005|jenis leksem Wikidata]] baru yang diluncurkan minggu lalu. Ketika Anda membuka salah satu dari fungsi-fungsi ini, antarmuka pengguna akan menyediakan pemilih lema yang membantu Anda memilih lema dari Wikidata yang cocok dengan kata yang Anda ketik. Setelah menekan tombol Run, lema yang Anda pilih akan ditarik dari Wikidata, diubah menjadi tipe lema Wikidata, dan diteruskan ke fungsi yang dipilih. Pelajari lebih lanjut mengenai hal ini di [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|nawala Wikifunctions terbaru]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna situs Wikimedia sekarang dapat memformat tanggal dengan lebih mudah dalam berbagai bahasa dengan fungsi pengurai <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> yang baru. Sebagai contoh, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> akan ditampilkan sebagai "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Sebelumnya, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> dapat digunakan untuk memformat tanggal, tetapi hal ini membutuhkan pemahaman tentang urutan komponen waktu dan tanggal serta tanda baca yang menyertainya. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (atau <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> untuk waktu lokal) menyediakan akses ke format tanggal standar yang digunakan MediaWiki dalam antarmuka penggunanya. Hal ini dapat membantu menyederhanakan beberapa templat di wiki multibahasa seperti Commons dan Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna Commons dan Meta sekarang dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|memperoleh bahasa pengguna]] secara optimal dengan menggunakan <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> alih-alih menggunakan <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] (PTAC) kini memiliki anggota perintis dengan perwakilan di Afrika, Asia, Eropa, Amerika Utara, dan Amerika Selatan. Mereka akan menangani inisiatif [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Dewan Teknologi Strategi Gerakan]] untuk menciptakan platform teknologi gabungan yang lebih tangguh. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Nawala Growth]] triwulanan terbaru telah tersedia. Di dalamnya memuat: modul Pembaruan Komunitas Beranda Pendatang Baru yang akan datang, opsi Konfigurasi Komunitas yang baru, dan informasi mengenai proyek-proyek baru. * Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|kini menjadi mitra resmi dari program CVE]], yang merupakan upaya internasional untuk membuat katalog kerentanan keamanan siber yang telah diungkapkan kepada publik. Kemitraan ini akan memungkinkan Tim Keamanan secara cepat menerbitkan catatan [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|kerentanan dan eksposur umum]] (CVE) yang memengaruhi bagian inti, ekstensi, dan kulit MediaWiki, serta kode lain yang dikelola oleh Foundation. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] sekarang sedang [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|menguji coba terjemahan mesin]] pada konten Daftar Harapan. Para sukarelawan kini dapat membaca versi terjemahan mesin dari daftar keinginan dan ikut berdiskusi bahkan sebelum para penerjemah tiba untuk mengerjakan alih bahasa. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 24 Oktober — Webinar Seri Pembicara Pendidikan Wiki — [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Teknologi Sumber Terbuka: Membangun Dasbor Pendidikan Wiki], dengan menghadirkan pemagang magang Wikimedia dan seorang pengembang Web dalam sebuah panel. * 20–22 Desember 2024 — [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] di Odisha, India. Hackathon untuk anggota komunitas, termasuk pengembang, perancang, dan editor konten, untuk membangun solusi teknis yang meningkatkan pengalaman kontributor. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Oktober 2024 20.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 22 Oktober 2024 11.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pada bulan November nanti, ekstensi Charts akan digunakan pada wiki uji coba untuk mengidentifikasi dan memperbaiki masalah yang ada. Sebuah tinjauan keamanan sedang dilakukan untuk memudahkan penerapan ke wiki percontohan guna pengujian yang lebih luas. Anda dapat membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|perkembangan proyek bulan Oktober]] dan melihat [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts dokumentasi serta contoh-contoh terbaru di Wikipedia Beta]. * Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], sebuah layanan eksternal yang dapat membuat buku dari Wikipedia, kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] untuk menampilkan gambar peta kotak informasi yang telah ditampilkan sebelumnya dalam buku cetak mereka di Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setiap wiki dapat menggunakan [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|ekstensi Guided Tour]] untuk membantu para pemula memahami cara menyunting. Ekstensi Guided Tours kini bekerja dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|mode gelap]]. Pengelola Guided Tour dapat memeriksa tur mereka untuk memastikan tidak ada yang terlihat janggal. Pengelola juga dapat mengatur <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> menjadi <code>true</code> untuk memperbaiki masalah lama. Mereka dapat menggunakan tanda baru <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> untuk menghindari tombol kembali yang tidak diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Para pengurus di proyek-proyek Wikimedia yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|ekstensi Nuke]] akan melihat bahwa penghapusan massal yang dilakukan dengan alat ini memiliki tag "Nuke". Perubahan ini akan membuat proses peninjauan dan analisis penghapusan yang dilakukan dengan fitur ini menjadi lebih mudah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 28 Oktober 2024 20.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penatalayan kini dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|membuat pemblokiran akun global]] menjadi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|pemblokiran otomatis]] secara global. Cara ini akan membantu penatalayan dalam mencegah penyalahgunaan oleh pengguna yang telah diblokir secara global. Tindakan ini termasuk mencegah akun sementara yang diblokir secara global keluar log dari sesi mereka atau berpindah peramban untuk melakukan pengeditan berikutnya selama 24 jam. Sebelumnya, akun sementara dapat keluar log atau mengganti peramban untuk melanjutkan pengeditan. Peningkatan ini merupakan penyempurnaan fitur anti-penyalahgunaan untuk proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]]. Anda dapat membaca lebih lanjut tentang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|perkembangan fitur-fitur kunci dari akun sementara]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Setiap wiki yang telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|menyalakan ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Daftar Kolaborasi]]. Daftar ini merupakan cara baru yang mudah bagi kontributor untuk mempelajari tentang Proyek Wiki di wiki mereka. Terima kasih kepada tim Campaign atas karya mereka yang merupakan bagian dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|rencana tahunan 2024/2025]]. Jika Anda tertarik untuk menghadirkan ekstensi CampaignEvents ke wiki Anda, Anda tinggal [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|mengikuti langkah-langkah berikut]] atau menghubungi User:Udehb-WMF untuk memperoleh bantuan. * Warna teks untuk pranala merah akan mengalami sedikit perubahan pada akhir pekan ini demi menghasilkan kontras yang lebih baik dalam mode terang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pada wiki multibahasa, para pengguna [[phab:T216368|kini dapat]] menyembunyikan terjemahan dari halaman istimewa WhatLinksHere. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|Data buangan]] XML telah ditangguhkan untuk sementara waktu sembari menunggu hasil investigasi sebuah kekutu. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Saat ini, Akun Sementara telah diterapkan pada enam wiki. Berkat tim Trust and Safety Product atas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|usaha ini]], Anda dapat membaca tentang [[phab:T340001|rencana penerapannya]]. Terhitung mulai pekan depan, Akun Sementara juga akan diaktifkan di [[phab:T378336|tujuh proyek lainnya]]. Jika Anda aktif di wiki tersebut dan memerlukan bantuan untuk memigrasikan perkakas Anda, hubungi [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] untuk mendapatkan dukungan.</span> * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Nawala Language and Internationalization newsletter]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya mencakup: Bahasa-bahasa baru yang didukung di translatewiki atau di MediaWiki; Metode masukan papan ketik baru untuk sejumlah bahasa; informasi mengenai acara-acara yang sedang berlangsung dan yang akan datang, dan lain-lain. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Gugur 2024]] akan berlangsung di Wina, Austria dan secara daring mulai 4 hingga 6 November 2024. Konferensi ini akan menampilkan diskusi seputar penggunaan perangkat lunak MediaWiki oleh dan di dalam perusahaan di berbagai sektor industri dan akan membangkitkan semangat dan menambah pengguna baru. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Nopémber 2024 20.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di wiki yang memiliki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|ekstensi Translate]] aktif, pengguna akan melihat bahwa FuzzyBot sekarang akan membuat versi terjemahan dari kategori-kategori yang digunakan di halaman yang diterjemahkan secara otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, tugas yang diminta untuk menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|ekstensi SecurePoll]] dalam [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|pemilihan pengurus]] khusus Wikipedia bahasa Inggris telah diselesaikan tepat waktu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pada <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, logika fungsi Wikibase <code>getAllStatements</code> berubah menjadi seperti <code>getBestStatements</code>. Dengan memanggil fungsi tersebut, ia akan mengembalikan suatu salinan nilai yang tidak dapat diubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * Pengguna [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ REST API Wikimedia], seperti pengelola bot dan pemelihara perkakas mungkin akan terpengaruh oleh pembaruan yang tengah berlangsung. API akan mengalihkan beberapa titik akhir muatan halaman dari RESTbase ke titik akhir [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|API REST MediaWiki]] yang terbaru. [[phab:T374683|Titik akhir yang terdampak]] meliputi pengambilan metadata halaman/revisi dan konten HTML yang ditampilkan. Semua perubahan ini akan tersedia di wiki uji coba pada akhir pekan ini, dan akan diikuti oleh proyek-proyek lainnya. Perubahan ini seharusnya tidak berdampak pada fungsionalitas yang sudah ada, tetapi pengguna aktif dari titik akhir yang terpengaruh harus memverifikasi perilaku di test-wiki, dan menyampaikan masalah apa pun di [[phab:T374683|tiket Phabricator]] terkait. '''Lebih lanjut''' * Para pengurus dan pengguna proyek-proyek Wikimedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|tempat Automoderator diaktifkan]] kini dapat memantau dan mengevaluasi metrik-metrik penting yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas Automoderator. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ Dasbor Superset] ini menghitung dan menggabungkan metrik tindakan Automoderator di proyek-proyek yang menggunakannya. Terima kasih kepada tim Moderator Tools untuk Dasbor ini. Anda dapat mengunjungi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|halaman dokumentasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang kerja ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8.00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]) — [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Pertemuan komunitas]] dengan sukarelawan dan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan di Wikimedia Commons untuk membantu menentukan prioritas dukungan untuk Tahun Anggaran 2025–2026. Topik dari pertemuan ini adalah mengenai cara pengaturan konten di Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Nopémber 2024 00.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Nopémber 2024 01.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Versi baru dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaksis]] mode editor standar teks wiki akan dirilis dalam [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|versi beta]] pada akhir pekan ini. Versi ini menghadirkan banyak fitur baru dan perbaikan pada beberapa kekutu, termasuk dukungan terhadap penulisan dari kanan ke kiri, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|pelipatan templat]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan panel pencarian yang lebih baik. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|halaman bantuannya]]. * Editor teks wiki 2010 kini mendukung pintasan papan ketik yang umum digunakan, seperti <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> untuk huruf tebal dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> untuk huruf miring. [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|Daftar lengkap keenam pintasan tersebut]] telah tersedia. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Mulai 28 November, halaman Flow/Structured Discussions akan diarsipkan secara otomatis dan diubah menjadi hanya-baca di wiki berikut ini: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. Tindakan ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|upaya penghentian penggunaan StructuredDiscussions]]. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan untuk mengarsipkan halaman Anda sebelum tanggal tersebut, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, pengguna yang membuat AbuseFilter baru kini hanya dapat mengatur penyaring ke "protected" [[phab:T377765|jika ia menggunakan variabel yang dilindungi]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], yang digunakan di halaman JavaScript, CSS, JSON, dan Lua, [[phab:T377663|kini hadir]] dengan pelengkapan otomatis secara langsung. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk pengembangan ini. Fitur ini dapat dimatikan sementara di suatu halaman dengan menekan tombol <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> dan menghapus centang di "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengelola perkakas yang menggunakan sistem Graphite untuk melacak metrik sebaiknya bermigrasi ke sistem Prometheus yang lebih baru. Pengelola tersebut dapat memeriksa [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 dasbor ini] dan daftar dalam Deskripsi [[phab:T350592|tugas T350592]] untuk memastikan apakah perkakas mereka telah terdaftar, dan harus mengklaim metrik dan dasbor yang terhubung dengan perkakasnya. Selanjutnya, mereka dapat menonaktifkan atau memindahkan semua metrik yang ada dengan mengikuti instruksi dalam halaman tugas itu. Layanan Graphite akan beralih menjadi hanya-baca pada bulan April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|Laporan kinerja pengurai New PreProcessor]] telah dibenahi untuk memberikan hitungan yang akurat terhadap jumlah entitas Wikibase yang diakses. Perhitungan sebelumnya mengalami pengaturan ulang setelah 400 entitas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Pertemuan komunitas Bahasa]] akan berlangsung pada 29 November pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16.00 UTC]. Terdapat presentasi mengenai berbagai topik seperti pengembangan papan ketik bahasa, pembuatan Wikipedia bahasa Mooré, dukungan bahasa di [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], dan laporan dari komunitas Wayuunaiki mengenai proses mereka dengan Inkubator dan sebagai komunitas baru dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Pertemuan ini juga akan disertai dengan penerjemahan dalam bahasa Spanyol. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Nopémber 2024 22.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Dua fungsi pengurai baru telah ditambahkan pada pekan ini. Fungsi <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> menambahkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|pranala antarwiki]] dan fungsi <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> menambahkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|pranala antarbahasa]]. Fungsi-fungsi pengurai ini berguna pada wiki yang memiliki ruang nama yang saling bertentangan dengan awalan antarwiki. Misalnya, pranala yang dimulai dengan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris [[phab:T363538|bertentangan dengan awalan kode bahasa <code>mos</code> di Wikipedia bahasa Mooré]]. * Mulai pekan ini, wiki Wikimedia mulai tidak lagi mendukung koneksi yang menggunakan sertifikat HTTPS berbasis RSA yang lama, terutama rsa-2048. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keamanan bagi semua pengguna. Beberapa peramban lama yang tidak didukung atau perangkat ponsel pintar tidak akan dapat tersambung; mereka hanya akan menampilkan peringatan kesalahan sambungan. Lihat halaman [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations]] untuk informasi lebih lengkap. Semua sistem operasi dan peramban modern senantiasa dapat mengakses proyek-proyek Wikimedia. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Mulai 16 November, halaman Flow/Structured Discussions akan diarsipkan secara otomatis dan diubah menjadi hanya-baca di wiki berikut ini: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. Tindakan ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|upaya penghentian penggunaan StructuredDiscussions]]. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan untuk mengarsipkan halaman Anda sebelum tanggal tersebut, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * Pada bulan ini, ekstensi Chart telah digunakan untuk produksi dan sekarang tersedia di Commons dan Testwiki. Dengan rampungnya tinjauan keamanan, penyebaran wiki percontohan diperkirakan akan dimulai pada pekan pertama bulan Desember. Anda dapat melihat versi yang berfungsi [[testwiki:Charts|di Testwiki]] dan membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|berita terbaru proyek bulan November]] untuk lebih lengkap. * Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, kendala pada sistem "Unduh sebagai PDF" telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada akhir Februari, akun sementara akan digulirkan pada sedikitnya 10 wiki besar. Penerapan ini akan berdampak signifikan pada kode yang dikelola komunitas. Hal ini berkaitan dengan perkakas Toolforge, bot, gawai, dan skrip pengguna yang menggunakan data alamat IP atau yang tersedia untuk pengguna yang keluar. Tim Trust and Safety Product ingin mengetahui kode ini, memantaunya, dan membantu memutakhirkannya sebelum penerapan untuk meminimalkan gangguan pada alur kerja. Tim tersebut meminta para editor teknis dan pengembang sukarelawan untuk membantu mencari perkakas tersebut dengan menambahkannya ke dalam [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|daftar ini]]. Selain itu, pelajari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|dokumentasi yang telah diperbarui]] untuk mempelajari cara menyesuaikan perkakas tersebut. Silakan bergabung dengan diskusi di [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|halaman pembicaraan proyek tersebut]] atau di [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|utas khusus]] di [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia (dalam bahasa Inggris)]] untuk mendapatkan bantuan dan berbagi umpan balik. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Désémber 2024 22.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para kontributor dokumentasi teknis dapat menemukan bahan-bahan terbaru dan cara-cara baru untuk terhubung satu sama lain dan dengan Tim Dokumentasi Teknis Wikimedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|pusat Dokumentasi]] di MediaWiki.org. Halaman ini berisi berbagai pranala ke materi-materi untuk menulis dan memperbaiki dokumentasi, saluran IRC <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> baru di libera.chat, senarai acara dokumentasi yang sudah lewat dan yang akan datang, dan cara-cara untuk meminta konsultasi atau tinjauan dokumentasi. Jika Anda memiliki masukan atau ide untuk perbaikan terhadap ekosistem dokumentasi, silakan [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|hubungi Tim Dokumentasi Teknis]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Perubahan tata letak fitur Edit Check]] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] akan ditempatkan ke bilah sisi di tampilan desktop. Edit Check merupakan fitur bagi para penyunting baru untuk membantu mereka dalam mengikuti kebijakan dan panduan. Perubahan tata letak ini memberikan ruang untuk menampilkan [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|Check baru]] yang muncul ''saat'' mereka mengetik. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|Hasil awal]] menunjukkan bahwa para penyunting baru yang menemukan Edit Check 2,2 kali lebih besar kemungkinannya untuk mempublikasikan suntingan konten baru yang menyertakan referensi dan tanpa mengalami pengembalian. * Ekstensi Chart, yang membantu para penyunting untuk membuat visualisasi data, telah sukses digunakan di MediaWiki.org dan tiga wiki percontohan (Wikipedia bahasa Italia, Swedia, dan Ibrani). Anda dapat melihat contoh kerjanya [[testwiki:Charts|di Testwiki]] dan membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|berita terbaru proyek ini pada bulan November]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Para penerjemah di wiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|yang memiliki pengalaman seluler Penerjemahan Konten]], kini dapat menemukan artikel-artikel di kampanye proyek wiki yang mereka minati dari kategori "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en Semua koleksi]" di fitur saran artikel. Pengelola Kampanye proyek wiki dapat menggunakan fitur ini untuk membantu penerjemah menemukan artikel yang mereka minati, dengan menambahkan tag <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> ke halaman daftar artikel kampanye mereka di Meta-wiki. Cara ini akan membuat artikel-artikel tersebut dapat ditemukan di perkakas Penerjemahan Konten. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai cara menggunakan alat dan tag ini, silakan melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|panduan langkah-langkahnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]], yang memungkinkan para pengurus untuk menghapus halaman secara massal, kini memiliki [[phab:T376379#10310998|penyaring multipilihan untuk memilih ruang nama]]. Hal ini memungkinkan para pengguna untuk memilih beberapa ruang nama tertentu, bukan hanya satu atau semua, ketika menarik beberapa halaman untuk dihapus. * Fitur Nuke sekarang juga [[phab:T364225#10371365|menyediakan pranala]] ke halaman pengguna dari pengguna yang halamannya telah dihapus, dan ke halaman yang tidak dipilih untuk dihapus, setelah penghapusan halaman berada dalam antrean. Hal ini mempermudah tindak lanjut dari pengurus. Terima kasih kepada Chlod dan tim Moderator Tools untuk kedua pengembangan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * Tim Editing sedang bekerja untuk mempermudah pengisian sitasi dari archive.org dengan menggunakan perkakas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]], yakni pembuat sitasi yang dapat diisi secara otomatis. Tim ini meminta komunitas untuk menambahkan dua parameter terlebih dahulu, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> dan <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, di dalam TemplateData untuk setiap templat kutipan yang menggunakan Citoid. Anda dapat melihat [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 contoh perubahan pada sebuah templat], dan [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= daftar semua templat yang terkait]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} dalam bahasa [[d:Q9240|Indonesia]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Pada pekan lalu, semua wiki mengalami masalah dalam menayangkan halaman kepada pengguna yang masuk log dan beberapa pengguna yang keluar log selama 30–45 menit. Hal ini disebabkan oleh persoalan basis data, dan investigasi masih terus dilakukan. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, terdapat masalah pada fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan Tautan]] yang telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, daftar bagian yang dikecualikan dari Tambah Tautan sempat terabaikan dalam kasus tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], sistem desain untuk Wikimedia, kini tersedia dalam [[git:design/codex-php|implementasi tahap awal dalam PHP]]. Sistem ini tersedia untuk penggunaan umum di ekstensi MediaWiki dan aplikasi Toolforge melalui [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], dan akan segera hadir di bagian inti MediaWiki. Keterangan lebih lanjut dapat dilihat [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|di dalam dokumentasinya]]. Terima kasih kepada Doğu atas inspirasi dan sumbangsihnya terhadap perpustakaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * Pengguna [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ API REST Wikimedia], seperti operator bot dan pengelola perkakas, mungkin terdampak oleh peningkatan yang sedang berlangsung. Pada 4 Desember, tim MediaWiki Interfaces mulai mengalihkan metadata halaman/revisi dan menyajikan titik akhir konten HTML di [[testwiki:|Testwiki]] dari RESTbase ke titik akhir API REST MediaWiki yang sepadan. Tim ini mendorong pengguna aktif dari titik akhir ini untuk memastikan perilaku perkakas mereka di Testwiki dan menyampaikan masalah apa pun di [[phab:T374683|tiket Phabricator]] terkait sebelum akhir tahun, karena mereka bermaksud untuk meluncurkan perubahan yang sama di semua proyek Wikimedia pada awal Januari. Semua perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk menggantikan sistem [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] yang sudah ketinggalan zaman. * [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 Survei Kepuasan Pengembang 2024] sedang mencari pandangan dari komunitas pengembang Wikimedia. Mohon ikut serta dalam survei ini jika Anda memiliki andil dalam mengembangkan perangkat lunak di ekosistem Wikimedia. Survei ini dibuka hingga 3 Januari 2025, dan terdapat [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|pernyataan privasi]] tambahan. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru pada pekan ini. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan mendatang dalam rangkaian [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|diskusi Wikimedia Foundation dengan komunitas Wikimedia Commons]] akan berlangsung pada [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|12 Desember pukul 8.00 UTC]] dan [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]. Topik dari pertemuan ini adalah tentang media baru dan kontributor baru. Para kontributor dari semua wiki diundang untuk hadir. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Désémber 2024 22.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Berminat untuk menyempurnakan manajemen acara di wiki utama Anda? [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] menyediakan fitur-fitur untuk penyelenggara seperti manajemen pendaftaran acara, promosi acara/proyek wiki, menemukan kandidat peserta, dan lain-lain, semuanya langsung di wiki. Jika Anda adalah seorang penyelenggara atau berpikir bahwa komunitas Anda akan mendapatkan manfaat dari ekstensi ini, buatlah sebuah diskusi untuk mengaktifkannya di wiki Anda sekarang. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang cara mengaktifkan ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, kunjungi [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|halaman status penerapannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS di Italia dan Meksiko di Wikipedia bahasa Italia, Spanyol, dan Inggris, dapat melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|Year in Review yang telah dipersonalisasi]] dengan pandangan yang didasarkan pada riwayat membaca dan menyunting mereka. * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia Android di Afrika Sub-Sahara dan Asia Selatan dapat melihat fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] yang baru. Fitur ini menyajikan istilah pencarian yang disarankan di bilah Pencarian berdasarkan artikel yang sedang dilihat, dan daftar rekomendasi bacaan yang disusun berdasarkan dua artikel yang terakhir dikunjungi oleh pengguna. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Bot pengingat global]] kini aktif dan berjalan di hampir 800 wiki. Fitur ini akan mengingatkan sebagian besar pengguna yang memiliki hak sementara ketika hak tersebut akan habis masa berlakunya, sehingga mereka dapat memperpanjangnya jika diinginkan. Lihat [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|halaman penjelasan teknis]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Edisi Berita Teknis berikutnya akan dirilis pada 13 Januari 2025 karena libur akhir tahun. Terima kasih kepada semua penerjemah dan semua orang yang telah mengirimkan materi atau umpan balik pada tahun ini. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah telah [[phab:T374988|diperbaiki]] di aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang telah menyebabkan gambar SVG yang dapat diterjemahkan menampilkan bahasa yang salah ketika diketuk. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru pada pekan depan. Peluncuran berikutnya akan dimulai pada 14 Januari. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Désémber 2024 22.23 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Sistem Single User Login tengah diperbarui dalam beberapa bulan ke depan. Ini merupakan sistem yang membuat pengguna dapat mengisi kolom masuk log di satu situs Wikimedia dan masuk ke semua situs lainnya pada waktu yang sama. Sistem ini perlu dimutakhirkan karena peramban web semakin membatasi kuki lintas domain. Untuk mengakomodasi pembatasan ini, halaman masuk log dan pembuatan akun akan pindah ke domain pusat, tetapi akan tetap terlihat oleh pengguna seolah-olah mereka berada di wiki asal. Kode yang telah diperbarui akan diterapkan pada pekan ini bagi para pengguna di wiki uji coba. Perubahan ini rencananya akan diluncurkan ke semua pengguna sepanjang bulan Februari dan Maret. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|halaman proyek SUL3]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan linimasanya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di wiki dengan PageAssessments yang sudah terpasang, Anda sekarang dapat menyaring hasil pencarian berdasarkan halaman-halaman di sebuah WikiProject dengan menggunakan kata kunci <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code>. (Wiki-wiki yang dimaksud: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/id}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * Satu wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q34129|bahasa Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:35}} {{PLURAL:35|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, ada kendala dalam memperbarui jumlah suntingan pengguna setelah melakukan pengembalian suntingan, yang kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna API REST Wikimedia, seperti operator bot dan pengelola perkakas, mungkin akan terpengaruh oleh pemutakhiran yang sedang berlangsung. Mulai pekan 13 Januari, kami akan mulai mengalihkan [[phab:T374683|beberapa titik akhir konten halaman]] dari RESTbase ke titik akhir API REST MediaWiki yang lebih baru untuk seluruh proyek wiki. Perubahan ini tadinya tersedia di testwiki dan seharusnya tidak memengaruhi fungsionalitas yang ada, tetapi pengguna aktif dari titik akhir yang terkena dampak dapat menyampaikan masalah secara langsung kepada [[phab:project/view/6931/|Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki]] di Phabricator jika ada kendala. * Para pengelola perkakas Toolforge kini dapat membagikan umpan balik mereka tentang Toolforge UI, yaitu sebuah inisiatif untuk menyediakan platform web yang memungkinkan pembuatan dan pengelolaan perkakas Toolforge melalui antarmuka berbasis visual, sebagai tambahan dari alur kerja baris perintah yang sudah ada. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk menyederhanakan tugas-tugas pengelola aktif, dan juga membuat proses registrasi dan penyebaran menjadi lebih mudah diakses oleh para pembuat alat baru. Inisiatif ini masih dalam tahap yang sangat awal, dan tim Cloud Services sedang dalam proses mengumpulkan umpan balik dari komunitas Toolforge untuk membantu merancang solusi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Baca lebih lanjut dan bagikan pendapat Anda tentang Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Bagi pengembang perkakas dan pustaka yang menggunakan sistem OAuth: Titik akhir pengenal yang digunakan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] menghasilkan sebuah objek JSON dengan sebuah bilangan bulat pada <code>sub</code> bidangnya, yang mana hal ini tidak seharusnya (bidang tersebut haruslah sebuah string). Masalah ini telah diperbaiki. Perbaikan ini akan diterapkan pada wiki Wikimedia pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Sebagian besar wiki sekarang ini menggunakan [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] untuk membuat penanda catatan kaki khusus dalam keluaran Parsoid. Mulai 20 Januari, aturan-aturan ini akan dinonaktifkan, tetapi para pengembang meminta Anda untuk ''tidak'' membersihkan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> Anda sampai 20 Februari untuk menghindari masalah selama migrasi. Wiki Anda mungkin mengalami beberapa perubahan kecil pada penanda catatan kaki di Visual Editor dan ketika menggunakan mode baca Parsoid percobaan, tetapi jika ada perubahan, hal ini diharapkan dapat membuat keluaran parser sesuai dengan keluaran parser lama. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan mendatang dalam rangkaian [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community Conversations Wikimedia Foundation dengan komunitas Wikimedia Commons]] akan berlangsung pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|15 Januari pukul 8.00 UTC]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]. Tema pembicaraan kali ini adalah menentukan prioritas investasi perkakas di Commons. Kontributor dari semua wiki, terutama pengguna yang merawat perkakas di Commons, diundang untuk hadir. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Januari 2025 01.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus dapat menghapus beberapa halaman yang dibuat oleh pengguna atau alamat IP secara massal dengan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. Fitur ini sebelumnya hanya dapat menghapus halaman yang dibuat dalam 30 hari terakhir. Sekarang, fitur ini dapat menghapus halaman dari 90 hari terakhir, dengan batasan bahwa fitur ini ditujukan untuk pengguna atau alamat IP tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * Di [[phab:P72148|wiki yang menggunakan]] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]], saat fitur pengembalian suntingan digunakan untuk mengembalikan revisi halaman yang tidak dipatroli, revisi tersebut akan ditandai sebagai "dipatroli secara manual" dan bukan "dipatroli secara otomatis", sehingga membuatnya lebih akurat. Beberapa penyunting yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|penyaring]] di Perubahan Terbaru mungkin perlu memutakhirkan pengaturan penyaring mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, fitur "Sisipkan pranala" dari Visual Editor tidak selalu menyodorkan halaman yang sudah ada dengan benar ketika pengguna mulai mengetik, tetapi sekarang hal tersebut [[phab:T383497|sudah diperbaiki]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Ekstensi Structured Discussion (dikenal juga dengan nama Flow) sedang dalam proses penghapusan dari wiki. Ekstensi ini tidak terawat dan kerap menimbulkan masalah. Ekstensi ini akan digantikan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], yang dipakai pada halaman pembicaraan biasa. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|Kelompok wiki terakhir]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/id}}) akan segera dihubungi. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan mengenai proses ini, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] di wiki Anda. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Nawala Technical Community]] triwulan terbaru telah tersedia. Edisi ini mencakup: berita terbaru mengenai layanan dari tim Data Platform Engineering, informasi mengenai Codex dari tim Design System, dan lain-lain. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Januari 2025 01.36 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para pematroli dan pengurus - informasi atau konteks apa yang dapat membantu Anda membuat keputusan para pematroli dan pengurus dengan lebih cepat dan mudah? Wikimedia Foundation ingin mendengar pendapat Anda untuk membantu memandu rencana tahunan yang akan datang. Harap pertimbangkan untuk membagikan pemikiran Anda mengenai hal ini dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 pertanyaan lain]] untuk membentuk arahan teknis pada tahun depan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna Wikipedia App iOS di seluruh dunia kini dapat mengakses fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|Year in Review yang dapat dipersonalisasi]], untuk memberikan wawasan berdasarkan riwayat membaca dan menyunting di Wikipedia. Proyek ini merupakan bagian dari upaya menyeluruh untuk membantu menyambut pembaca baru saat mereka menemukan dan berinteraksi dengan konten ensiklopedis. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Pematroli suntingan sekarang memiliki fitur baru yang dapat menyoroti halaman-halaman baru yang berpotensi bermasalah. Ketika sebuah halaman dibuat dengan judul yang sama dengan halaman yang sebelumnya telah dihapus, kini sebuah tag ('Recreated') akan ditambahkan dan dapat disaring oleh pengguna dengan nilai [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] dan [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ada pemberitahuan baru untuk para penyunting jika mereka mencoba membuat pengalihan yang menautkan ke pengalihan lain ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|pengalihan ganda]]). Fitur ini akan menganjurkan agar mereka menautkan langsung ke halaman target pengalihan kedua. Terima kasih kepada pengguna SomeRandomDeveloper untuk perbaikan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Situs wiki Wikimedia mendukung pemeriksaan faktor kedua berbasis [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]] (seperti token perangkat keras) saat masuk log, tetapi fitur ini [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|rentan]] dan hanya memiliki sedikit pengguna. Tim Platform MediaWiki untuk sementara waktu mematikan penambahan kunci WebAuthn baru, agar tidak mengganggu peluncuran [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (Single User Login versi 3). Kunci yang sudah ada tidak akan terpengaruh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Bagi para pengembang yang menggunakan [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|timbunan Riwayat MediaWiki]]: Tim Data Platform Engineering telah menambahkan beberapa bidang baru ke dalam berkas-berkas ini, untuk mendukung inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]]. Jika Anda mengelola perangkat lunak yang menggunakan berkas-berkas tersebut, harap tinjau kembali kode Anda dan panduan yang telah diperbarui karena urutan kolom-kolom di baris tersebut akan berubah. Perubahan juga akan terjadi pada satu bidang: pada bidang <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi>, bidang <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> akan diubah namanya menjadi <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. Perubahan ini akan diberlakukan pada rilis berikutnya pada bulan Februari. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Januari 2025 22.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan menu bilah alat penyuntingan "Karakter spesial" sekarang dapat melihat 32 karakter spesial yang paling sering digunakan di seluruh sesi penyuntingan di wiki tersebut. Peningkatan ini akan membantu mempermudah menemukan karakter yang paling sering dipakai. Fitur ini tersedia di penyunting teks wiki 2010 dan VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Para penyunting yang menggunakan penyunting teks wiki 2010 sekarang dapat membuat turunan daftar dengan indentasi yang benar dengan memilih baris yang ingin diindentasi dan kemudian mengklik tombol-tombol bilah alat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] Anda bahkan dapat menyisipkan tag <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> dengan menggunakan tombol bilah alat yang baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Terima kasih kepada stjn untuk perbaikan ini. * Diperlukan asistensi untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|pembangkit kutipan]] bekerja dengan baik di setiap wiki. ** (1) Para pengurus perlu memperbarui versi lokal dari halaman <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> untuk menyertakan entri-entri untuk <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>. Berikut adalah contoh perubahan yang perlu ditiru [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 untuk 'preprint'] dan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 untuk 'standard' dan 'dataset']. ** (2.1) Jika peta Citoid dalam templat rujukan yang digunakan untuk jenis rujukan ini tidak ada, peta Citoid perlu ditambahkan. (2.2) Jika peta Citoid sudah ada, TemplateData perlu diperbarui untuk menyertakan nama bidang yang baru. Berikut adalah contoh perubahan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 untuk 'preprint'] dan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 untuk 'standard' dan 'dataset']. Bidang-bidang baru yang mungkin perlu didukung adalah <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q15637215|bahasa Kanuri Tengah]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|perkakas OCR (pengenalan karakter optik)]] yang digunakan di Wikisource kini mendukung bahasa baru, yaitu bahasa Slavia Gereja. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Pébruari 2025 00.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi (PTAC) telah mengeluarkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draf rekomendasi]] bagi departemen Produk dan Teknologi Wikimedia Foundation. Mereka memberikan rekomendasi agar berfokus pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|pengalaman perangkat bergerak]], khususnya kontribusi. Mereka meminta [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|umpan balik dari komunitas di halaman pembicaraan]] paling lambat pada 21 Februari. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Secara baku, pranala portlet "Halaman spesial" akan dipindahkan dari "Kotak Perkakas" ke bagian "Navigasi" di bilah sisi menu utama. Perubahan ini dilakukan agar Kotak Alat dapat menampilkan perkakas yang berkaitan dengan halaman yang sedang dibuka, bukan perkakas yang berkaitan dengan situs, sehingga posisi pranalanya akan lebih logis dan konsisten. Untuk memodifikasi perilaku ini dan memperbarui gaya CSS, para pengurus dapat mengikuti petunjuknya di [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan tahun ini dalam meningkatkan cara pembaca menemukan konten di wiki, tim Web akan melaksanakan eksperimen terhadap sejumlah kecil pembaca untuk menampilkan beberapa saran untuk artikel yang berkaitan atau menarik di bilah pencarian. Lihatlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|halaman proyek ini]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para penyunting templat yang menggunakan TemplateStyles sekarang dapat mengatur hasil untuk pengguna dengan kebutuhan aksesibilitas tertentu dengan menggunakan kueri media yang berhubungan dengan aksesibilitas (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Terima kasih kepada Bawolff untuk pengembangan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:22}} {{PLURAL:22|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, log pemblokiran global sekarang akan ditampilkan secara langsung di halaman {{#special:CentralAuth}}, seperti halnya penguncian global, untuk menyederhanakan alur kerja bagi penatalayan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Wikidata kini [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|mendukung sebuah bahasa khusus sebagai "standar untuk semua bahasa"]] untuk label dan nama lain. Hal ini untuk menghindari duplikasi yang berulang-ulang dari informasi yang sama di berbagai bahasa. Jika kueri Wikidata Anda menggunakan label, Anda mungkin perlu memutakhirkannya karena sebagian label yang ada akan dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * Fungsi <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> akan dipanggil di setiap halaman Wiki yang dibaca dan menyumbang ~2,5% dari total waktu pemuatan halaman. Nilai yang dihitung sekarang akan disimpan dalam tembolok untuk mengurangi beban pada peladen Wikimedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|upaya]] penghentian penggunaan RESTBase, titik akhir <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> telah dihentikan sejak 6 Februari 2025, dan akan segera dihapus. Lini masa ini dipilih untuk menyelaraskan dengan jadwal penghentian penggunaan untuk versi Android dan iOS yang lebih lama. Alternatif yang stabil adalah API tindakan "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" di MediaWiki, dan [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|contoh migrasi]] telah tersedia. Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki [[phab:T376297|dapat dihubungi]] jika ada pertanyaan. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Nawala Language and Internationalization newsletter]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Hal ini mencakup: Pembaruan tentang menu "Berkontribusi"; keterangan mengenai beberapa edisi bahasa terbaru dari Wikipedia; keterangan mengenai bahasa-bahasa baru yang didukung oleh antarmuka MediaWiki; pembaruan mengenai fitur daftar yang ditentukan oleh komunitas; dan lain-lain. * [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Nawala Chart Project]] terbaru telah terbit. Pembaruan ini berisi pembaruan mengenai perkembangan menuju visibilitas yang lebih baik dalam penggunaan grafik secara global dan dukungan untuk mengelompokkan halaman dalam ruang nama Data di Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Pébruari 2025 00.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas yang menggunakan perkakas Growth kini dapat menampilkan satu aktivitas di <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> bagi pengguna baru. Fitur ini akan membantu para pengguna baru untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai aktivitas penyuntingan yang dapat mereka ikuti. Para pengurus dapat membuat sebuah acara baru untuk ditayangkan di <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. Untuk memahami lebih lanjut mengenai fitur ini, silakan baca [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|artikel Diff]], lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|dokumentasinya]], atau hubungi [[mw:Talk:Growth|tim Growth]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Penyempurnaan halaman pembicaraan yang disorot]] * Mulai pekan depan, halaman pembicaraan di wiki ini – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/id}} – akan menggunakan [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|desain baru]]. Pembaruan ini telah melalui uji coba secara menyeluruh dalam versi Beta dan merupakan tahap terakhir dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|perbaikan halaman pembicaraan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * Kini Anda dapat melakukan navigasi untuk melihat halaman pengalihan langsung dari halaman tindakannya, misalnya halaman riwayat. Sebelumnya, Anda harus terlebih dahulu pergi ke halaman target pengalihan. Perubahan ini akan membantu para penyunting yang banyak bekerja dengan pengalihan. Terima kasih kepada stjn untuk perbaikan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * Saat ini, ketika sebuah referensi melalui fitur Cite digunakan berkali-kali, wiki menampilkan angka seperti "1.23" atau penanda abjad yang dilokalkan seperti "a b c" di dalam daftar referensi. Sebelumnya, jika terdapat banyak penggunaan ulang sehingga semua penanda alfabet digunakan, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|sebuah pesan galat]] akan ditampilkan. Sebagai bagian dari upaya [[phab:T383036|modernisasi dalam penyesuaian Cite]], pesan kesalahan ini tidak akan ditampilkan lagi dan sebagai gantinya, pranala balik akan kembali menampilkan penanda angka seperti "1.23" setelah semua penanda abjad digunakan. * Entri log bagi setiap perubahan pada grup pengguna penyunting sekarang lebih jelas terlihat dengan memerinci secara tepat apa yang telah berubah, bukan hanya sekadar daftar sebelum dan sesudah. Para penerjemah dapat [[phab:T369466|membantu memutakhirkan versi yang dilokalkan]]. Terima kasih kepada Msz2001 untuk perbaikan ini. * Sebuah penyaring baru telah ditambahkan ke perkakas [[{{#special:Nuke}}]], yang memungkinkan para pengurus untuk menghapus halaman secara massal, sehingga pengguna dapat menyaring halaman dalam berbagai ukuran halaman (dalam bita). Hal ini memungkinkan, misalnya, menghapus halaman dengan ukuran tertentu atau di bawahnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Para pengguna yang bukan pengurus kini dapat memeriksa halaman mana saja yang dapat dihapus dengan menggunakan perkakas [[{{#special:Nuke}}]]. Terima kasih kepada MolecularPilot untuk pengembangan ini dan perbaikan-perbaikan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu pada konfigurasi format berkas video AV1 sudah diperbaiki, sehingga memungkinkan berkas-berkas ini dapat diputar kembali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Parsoid Read Views akan segera diluncurkan ke sebagian besar Wiktionary dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, setelah transisi Wikivoyage ke Parsoid Read Views yang berjalan dengan sukses tahun lalu. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Pengembang perkakas yang berjalan di wiki harus memperhatikan bahwa <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> sudah tidak berlaku lagi. Perkakas yang membutuhkan <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> harus secara eksplisit mendeklarasikan <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> sebagai dependensi ResourceLoader, dan harus bermigrasi ke API <code dir=ltr>URL</code> asli peramban dalam waktu dekat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Pébruari 2025 21.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus kini dapat menyesuaikan sendiri cara [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|fitur Babel]] membuat kategori dengan menggunakan [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. Mereka dapat mengubah nama kategori bahasa, memilih apakah kategori tersebut akan dibuat secara otomatis, dan menyesuaikan pengaturan lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * Portal <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> telah dimutakhirkan—dan mendapat beberapa perbaikan yang sedang berjalan—guna memodernisasi dan meningkatkan aksesibilitas halaman-halaman portal kami. Saat ini, portal telah mendukung tata letak yang lebih baik bagi perangkat seluler, kata-kata dan pranala yang telah diperbaharui, dan dukungan bahasa yang lebih baik. Selain itu, semua portal proyek Wikimedia, seperti <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, kini telah mendukung mode gelap ketika pembaca menggunakan pengaturan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q33965|bahasa Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang membuat pengguna tidak dapat mengeklik hasil pencarian di antarmuka web telah diperbaiki pada beberapa konfigurasi Firefox di ponsel Android. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa selanjutnya akan diselenggarakan pada 28 Februari pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14.00 UTC]. Pertemuan kali ini akan membahas: hal-hal penting dan perkembangan teknis mengenai papan ketik dan alat bantu untuk bahasa-bahasa Sámi, kontribusi Translatewiki.net dari komunitas bahasa Lampung di Indonesia, dan tanya-jawab teknis. Jika Anda ingin bergabung, silakan [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|mendaftar di halaman wiki]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Pébruari 2025 00.40 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Semua penyunting yang masuk menggunakan tampilan seluler kini sudah dapat menyunting satu halaman penuh. Pranala "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" dapat diakses dari menu "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" di bilah alat. Sebelumnya, fitur ini hanya tersedia bagi penyunting yang menggunakan pengaturan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|kontribusi seluler tingkat lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Para pengurus antarmuka kini dapat membantu menghapus kode CSS Cite yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi yang mencocokkan "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" dengan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> lokal mereka. Daftar wiki yang memerlukan pembenahan dan kode yang harus dihapus [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css dapat dilihat pada pencarian global] dan [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 contoh ini]. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang cara membantunya di [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|halaman proyek migrasi CSS]]. Penanda catatan kaki Cite ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") sekarang ditampilkan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] sehingga CSS yang sudah tidak digunakan tidak lagi diperlukan. CSS pranala balik ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") akan tetap digunakan untuk saat ini. Pembenahan ini diharapkan tidak akan menyebabkan banyak perubahan yang terlihat oleh pembaca. Bantulah untuk menghapus kode ini sebelum tanggal 20 Maret, jika tidak, tim pengembang akan melakukannya untuk Anda. * Ketika para penyunting menyematkan berkas (contohnya <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) pada halaman yang dilindungi oleh perlindungan beruntun, perangkat lunak tidak lagi membatasi pengeditan pada halaman deskripsi berkas; hanya unggahan berkas baru yang akan dibatasi.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] Kendati demikian, menyisipkan halaman deskripsi berkas (contohnya <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) kini akan menerapkan pembatasan penyuntingan pada halaman tersebut.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * Ketika para penyunting mengembalikan berkas ke versi sebelumnya, pengunggahan tersebut akan memerlukan izin yang sama seperti ketika mengunggah berkas versi baru. Sekarang, perangkat lunak akan memeriksa hak 'reupload' atau 'reupload-own',[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] dan mengikuti perlindungan beruntun.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * Ketika para pengurus menyusun daftar halaman yang akan dihapus dengan fitur Nuke, mereka juga dapat menyusun daftar halaman pembicaraan dan pengalihan terkait untuk dihapus, bersamaan dengan halaman yang dibuat oleh sang target, tanpa harus menghapus halaman-halaman tersebut secara manual. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Pembaruan sebelumnya]] terhadap Single User Login, yang akan mengantisipasi pembatasan peramban terhadap kuki lintas domain dengan memindahkan proses masuk log dan pembuatan akun ke domain pusat, kini akan diluncurkan ke semua pengguna selama bulan Maret dan April. Rencananya, tim ini akan mengaktifkannya kepada semua pembuatan akun baru di wiki [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] pada pekan ini. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|halaman proyek SUL3]] untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut dan linimasa yang telah disesuaikan. * Sejak pekan lalu, terdapat sebuah kekutu yang menampilkan beberapa ikon antarmuka sebagai kotak hitam hingga halaman dimuat sepenuhnya. Masalah ini akan diperbaiki dalam pekan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q2044560|bahasa Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu dalam memuat gambar di peramban Firefox versi lama di ponsel telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Maret 2025 02.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan pengelola kata sandi di beberapa wiki mungkin akan mendapati perubahan di masa mendatang. Metode yang digunakan oleh wiki untuk memberikan informasi kepada pengelola kata sandi tentang penggunaan ulang kata sandi di seluruh domain baru-baru ini telah diubah, sehingga beberapa pengelola kata sandi mungkin menawarkan Anda kredensial masuk yang Anda simpan untuk situs Wikimedia yang berbeda. Sebagian pengelola kata sandi telah lebih dulu melakukan hal ini, dan sekarang sedang melakukannya untuk lebih banyak domain Wikimedia. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|proyek SUL3]] yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki cara kerja penyatuan masuk log agar tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan yang sedang berlangsung pada peramban web yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * Tim Wikipedia Apps mengundang para peminat untuk membantu meningkatkan penggunaan Wikipedia secara luring dalam penggunaan internet yang terbatas. Setelah adanya diskusi di [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|pertemuan ESEAP]] terakhir, tantangan-tantangan utama seperti pencarian, penyuntingan, dan akses luring sedang dijajaki, dengan kelompok-kelompok diskusi yang akan dibentuk untuk membahas topik-topik ini lebih dalam. Kami menerima semua bahasa, dan penerjemah akan tersedia. Mau berbagi pendapat Anda? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Bergabunglah dalam diskusinya]] atau kirim surel ke <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>. * Semua wiki akan berstatus hanya-baca selama beberapa menit pada 19 Maret. Hal ini akan dilakukan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 pukul 14.00 UTC]. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diumumkan di Berita Teknis dan juga akan dikirim ke setiap wiki dalam beberapa pekan mendatang. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya termasuk: peluncuran modul Community Updates, perombakan terbaru di Community Configuration, dan pengujian usulan di dalam artikel untuk penyunting pemula. * Sebuah API lama yang pernah digunakan di aplikasi Wikipedia Android akan dihapus pada akhir bulan Maret. API lama tersebut tidak akan digunakan lagi, tetapi pengguna aplikasi dengan versi yang lebih dari 6 (enam) bulan pada saat penghapusan (31 Maret 2025) tidak akan lagi memiliki akses ke fitur Saran Suntingan, hingga mereka memperbarui aplikasinya. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|membaca informasi lebih lanjut tentang perubahan ini]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Maret 2025 23.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setiap dua kali setahun, bertepatan dengan ekuinoks, tim Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) Wikimedia Foundation melakukan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|pengalihan pusat data]]. Dalam proses ini, seluruh lalu lintas dialihkan dari peladen utama ke peladen cadangan untuk memastikan keandalan sistem jika terjadi krisis, sehingga selalu ada pusat data yang dapat digunakan. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Dengan perkakas Listen to Wikipedia], Anda dapat mendengar proses pengalihan ini secara langsung. Sebelum dimulai, aliran suntingan terdengar stabil. Saat sistem memasuki mode hanya-baca sejenak, suara akan berhenti selama beberapa menit, kemudian kembali setelah pemindahan selesai. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang proses ini, Anda dapat membaca [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|blog Diff]]. Jika ingin mengikuti pengalihan peladen berikutnya, dengarkan wiki pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 19 Maret pukul 14.00 UTC]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Dasbor perkakas Penerjemahan Konten] yang telah disempurnakan kini tersedia di [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedia]] dan akan [[phab:T387821|segera hadir]] di semua Wikipedia. Dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|dasbor terintegrasi]], pengguna desktop sekarang dapat: mengalihbahasakan bagian baru dari sebuah artikel; menemukan dan mengakses [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits penyaring saran artikel berbasis topik] (awalnya hanya tersedia untuk pengguna perangkat seluler); menemukan dan mengakses penyaring [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|daftar yang ditentukan oleh komunitas]], yang juga dikenal sebagai "Koleksi", dari proyek-proyek dan kampanye wiki. * Wikimedia Commons kini memiliki [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|sistem baru untuk memilih kategori berkas dengan lebih mudah]]. Jika suatu kategori memiliki subkategori, pengguna dapat mengeklik tanda panah untuk membukanya langsung dalam formulir dan memilih subkategori yang sesuai. Nama kategori utama tetap ditampilkan di bagian atas, memungkinkan pengguna untuk kembali kapan saja. Hal ini seharusnya mengurangi jumlah pekerjaan bagi para sukarelawan dalam memperbaiki/membuat kategori baru. Perubahan ini juga tersedia di perangkat seluler. Peningkatan ini adalah bagian dari pengembangan terencana untuk UploadWizard. * Tim Teknologi Komunitas sedang mencari wiki yang bersedia berpartisipasi dalam uji coba fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblock]] dan pembaruan halaman Special:Block yang dirilis pada akhir Maret. Fitur Multiblock memungkinkan pengurus menerapkan beberapa jenis pemblokiran pada satu pengguna secara bersamaan. Jika Anda adalah pengurus atau penatalayan dan tertarik untuk ikut serta dalam uji coba bersama komunitas Anda, silakan tinggalkan pesan di [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Mulai 25 Maret, tim Editing akan menguji fitur baru Pemeriksaan Suntingan: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]], di [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedia]]. Dalam uji coba ini, setengah dari pengguna baru di wiki-wiki tersebut akan melihat semua [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] yang relevan selama sesi penyuntingan mereka, sementara yang lain hanya akan melihat satu. Tujuan pengujian ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah pengguna merasa bingung atau kewalahan ketika diberikan beberapa Pemeriksaan Referensi dalam satu sesi. Selain itu, di wiki ini, tag yang digunakan pada suntingan yang menampilkan Pemeriksaan Referensi akan disederhanakan, memungkinkan beberapa tag muncul dalam satu suntingan. Perubahan pada tag ini akan didokumentasikan [[phab:T373949|di Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Bot pengingat global]], yang berfungsi memberi tahu pengguna tentang berakhirnya hak pengguna sementara mereka, kini mendukung penggunaan nama lokal kelompok hak pengguna dalam judul pesan. Penerjemah dapat meninjau [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|daftar terjemahan dan dokumentasi yang tersedia]] untuk memastikan apakah bahasa mereka perlu diperbarui atau ditambahkan. * Pengaturan gender di [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]], yang menentukan bagaimana perangkat lunak merujuk kepada Anda dalam pesan antarmuka, kini berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya dengan menggantikan pengaturan standar lokal. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:26}} {{PLURAL:26|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android telah memperbaiki kekutu yang terjadi saat pengguna menjelajah dan mencari dalam beberapa bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Akhir pekan ini, metode pemuatan tampilan Codex akan mengalami perubahan. Meskipun risikonya kecil, perubahan ini dapat menyebabkan kotak pesan antarmuka tidak selaras dengan gaya di beberapa halaman. Konten buatan pengguna, seperti templat, tidak akan terpengaruh, tetapi gawai mungkin terdampak. Jika Anda menemukan masalah, [[phab:T388847|harap laporkan]]. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk tangkapan layar dan panduan perbaikan gawai yang terpengaruh, silakan lihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Maret 2025 23.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang Anda untuk memberikan umpan balik mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|draf tujuan dan hasil utama yang akan menjadi prioritas Produk dan Teknologi]] pada tahun fiskal mendatang, yang dimulai pada bulan Juli. Tujuan tersebut mencakup area strategis yang luas, sementara hasil utama berfungsi sebagai indikator terukur untuk menilai keberhasilannya. Silakan bagikan masukan Anda di halaman pembicaraan dalam bahasa apa pun, sebaiknya sebelum akhir April. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] akan dirilis ke beberapa wiki (lihat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|rencana penerapan]] untuk keterangan lebih lanjut) pada April 2025, dan tim telah memulai proses melibatkan komunitas di wiki yang telah diidentifikasi. Ekstensi ini menyediakan alat untuk mengorganisasi, mengelola, dan mempromosikan aktivitas kolaboratif (seperti acara, edit-a-thon, dan proyek wiki) di wiki. Ekstensi ini memiliki perkakas untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] (Event Registration), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]] (Collaboration List), dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]] (Invitation Lists). Saat ini, ekstensi ini sudah tersedia di 13 Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, Wikipedia bahasa Spanyol, serta di Wikidata. Pertanyaan atau permintaan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|halaman diskusi ekstensi]] atau di Phabricator (dengan tag <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi>). * Mulai pekan 31 Maret, wiki-wiki akan dapat menetapkan kelompok pengguna mana yang dapat melihat pendaftar privat dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] sebagai bagian dari ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]]. Secara bawaan, penyelenggara acara dan pengurus wiki lokal akan dapat melihat pendaftar privat. Hal ini merupakan perubahan dari perilaku saat ini, di mana hanya penyelenggara acara yang dapat melihat pendaftar privat. Wiki dapat mengubah pengaturan bawaan ini dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|mengajukan permintaan perubahan konfigurasi]] di Phabricator (dengan menambahkan tag <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi>). Peserta acara sebelumnya dapat membatalkan pendaftaran mereka kapan saja. * Para pengurus di wiki dengan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> yang disesuaikan perlu memastikan bahwa bilah sisi mereka mencantumkan {{int:specialpages}} listing. Jika belum, mereka harus menambahkannya menggunakan <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Sementara itu, untuk wiki dengan bilah sisi bawaan, pranala tersebut akan dipindahkan dari kotak perkakas halaman (''page toolbox'') ke menu bilah sisi pada bulan April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * Kulit Minerva (web seluler) kini menggabungkan notifikasi Notifikasi dan Pemberitahuan dalam ikon lonceng ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). Sebelumnya, terdapat kekutu lama, di mana indikator notifikasi baru hanya muncul jika ada Pemberitahuan yang belum dilihat. Masalah ini sekarang telah diperbaiki. Ke depannya, pengguna Minerva akan melihat penghitung di atas ikon lonceng saat terdapat Notifikasi dan/atau Pemberitahuan yang belum dilihat (minimal 1). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * VisualEditor telah memperkenalkan [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|pengait sisi klien baru]] untuk membantu pengembang dalam mengintegrasikan dengan siklus hidup target VisualEditor. Pengait ini akan menggantikan pengait siklus hidup yang sudah ada dengan pendekatan yang lebih konsisten di berbagai platform. Selain itu, pengait baru ini juga mencakup penggunaan VisualEditor di luar pengeditan artikel penuh, memungkinkan gawai berinteraksi dengan para penyunting di DiscussionTools. Tim Editor berencana menghentikan penggunaan dan akhirnya menghapus pengait siklus hidup lama. Oleh karena itu, mereka tertarik untuk mengetahui setiap kasus penggunaan yang belum tercakup dalam pengait baru ini, yang dapat [[phab:T355555|dibagikan dalam tugas terkait]]. * Para pengembang yang menggunakan perpustakaan JavaScript <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> kini dapat mengidentifikasi perkakas yang memanfaatkannya melalui parameter <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code>: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. Jika Anda mengelola sebuah gawai atau skrip pengguna, harap tetapkan agen pengguna karena ini membantu dalam pemeliharaan perpustakaan dan peladen, serta membedakan lalu lintas yang sah dan tidak sah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Maret 2025 22.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Editing sedang mengerjakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]] baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. Tujuan dari pemeriksaan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi istilah-istilah yang tidak netral ketika seorang pengguna menyunting halaman Wikipedia, sehingga mereka dapat diberitahu bahwa suntingan mereka mungkin perlu diperbaiki sebelum dipublikasikan. Proyek ini masih dalam tahap awal, dan tim sedang mencari masukan dari komunitas. Dalam [[phab:T389445|tugas Phabricator ini]], mereka mengumpulkan kebijakan wiki, templat yang digunakan untuk menandai artikel yang tidak netral, serta istilah-istilah (jargon dan kata kunci) yang ditemukan dalam ringkasan suntingan untuk bahasa-bahasa yang sedang mereka teliti. Anda dapat berpartisipasi dengan menyunting tabel di Phabricator, mengomentari tugas tersebut, atau menghubungi [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] secara langsung. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] kini telah diperbarui di semua wiki untuk mengalihkan proses masuk dan pembuatan akun ke domain pusat. Pembaruan ini memastikan kompatibilitas login pengguna dengan pembatasan peramban terhadap kuki lintas domain, yang sebelumnya menyebabkan beberapa pengguna mengalami kesulitan tetap masuk. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:35}} {{PLURAL:35|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 31 Maret, Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan merilis secara terbatas spesifikasi OpenAPI yang telah dikembangkan serta pengalaman sandbox berbasis SwaggerUI untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|API REST MediaWiki]]. Mereka mengundang pengembang dari komunitas Wikipedia non-Inggris tertentu (Arab, Jerman, Prancis, Ibrani, Interlingua, Belanda, dan Tionghoa) untuk meninjau dokumentasi dan mencoba bak pasir dalam bahasa pilihan mereka. Selain proyek Wikipedia yang ditargetkan, bak pasir dan spesifikasi OpenAPI juga akan tersedia di [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|halaman khusus REST Sandbox pada wiki uji coba]] bagi pengembang yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa utama. Selama periode pratinjau ini, Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki mengundang para pengembang untuk [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|memberikan umpan balik mengenai pengalaman mereka]]. Pratinjau akan berlangsung sekitar dua pekan. Lalu, bak pasir dan spesifikasi OpenAPI akan tersedia di semua proyek wiki. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Terkadang, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|perubahan kecil pada satu baris kode]] dapat membawa dampak yang sangat besar. Dalam kasus ini, untuk pertama kalinya dalam beberapa tahun, seluruh tumpukan yang melayani <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi>—sebuah inang yang didedikasikan untuk wiki dan kebutuhan peta multibahasa—dapat dijalankan dari satu pusat data inti untuk pertama kalinya dalam beberapa tahun. Skenario ini diuji setiap kali terjadi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|peralihan pusat data]]. Perubahan ini sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa jika salah satu pusat data terdampak bencana, situs tetap dapat beroperasi. Pencapaian ini merupakan [[phab:T216826|hasil kerja keras]] dua pengembang dalam memigrasikan komponen terakhir dari tumpukan peta ke [[w:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]], yang memungkinkan alokasi sumber daya yang lebih efisien dan meningkatkan kapasitas penanganan lalu lintas dalam satu pusat data. Proses migrasi ini melibatkan banyak langkah kompleks, karena perangkat lunak dan pustaka yang digunakannya memerlukan pembaruan besar yang telah lama tertunda. Pekerjaan seperti ini membantu menjadikan infrastruktur Wikimedia lebih tangguh dan berkelanjutan. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2025]] (MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2025) akan diselenggarakan di Sandusky, Amerika Serikat, serta secara daring pada 14–16 Mei 2025. Acara ini akan membahas penggunaan perangkat lunak MediaWiki oleh berbagai perusahaan di berbagai industri serta menginspirasi dan menarik pengguna baru. Pendaftaran peserta dan proposal presentasi kini tersedia di situs web konferensi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 April 2025 00.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai saat ini, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|para pengurus antarmuka]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|pengurus pengumuman pusat (''centralnotice'')]] secara teknis diwajibkan untuk mengaktifkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua faktor]] sebelum dapat menggunakan hak istimewa mereka. Ke depannya, kebijakan ini dapat diperluas untuk mencakup lebih banyak kelompok dengan hak pengguna tingkat lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tim Design System sedang mempersiapkan peluncuran versi utama berikutnya dari Codex (v2.0.0) pada 29 April. Para penyunting dan pengembang yang menggunakan CSS dari Codex diimbau untuk meninjau [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|dokumentasi ikhtisar versi 2.0]], yang memuat panduan mengenai sejumlah perubahan penting, termasuk <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, dan <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * Hasil [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang (2025)]] telah dipublikasikan. Ucapan terima kasih disampaikan kepada semua peserta atas kontribusinya. Temuan dari survei ini berperan penting dalam membantu Wikimedia Foundation menetapkan arah kerja ke depan dan meninjau capaian yang telah dilakukan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|Wikimedia Hackathon 2025]] akan berlangsung di Istanbul, Turki, pada 2–4 Mei. Batas akhir pendaftaran untuk keikutsertaan langsung adalah 13 April. Calon peserta diimbau untuk memeriksa terlebih dahulu persyaratan [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] atau [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] yang mungkin diperlukan untuk masuk ke Turki sebelum mendaftar. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 April 2025 18.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Akhir pekan ini, ukuran standar gambar mini akan ditingkatkan dari 220 piksel menjadi 250 piksel. Perubahan ini akan memengaruhi tampilan halaman di seluruh wiki dan telah menjadi permintaan sejumlah komunitas selama bertahun-tahun. Sebelumnya, hal tersebut belum dapat diwujudkan karena keterbatasan teknis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * Gambar mini dari berkas kini disimpan dalam berbagai ukuran. Jika suatu halaman menetapkan ukuran gambar mini yang tidak termasuk dalam daftar ukuran standar (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 250, 330, 500, 960 piksel), MediaWiki akan memilih ukuran gambar mini terbesar yang tersedia, kemudian meminta peramban untuk mengecilkan ukurannya sesuai dengan yang diminta. Dalam kasus seperti ini, tidak akan ada perubahan secara visual, tetapi pengguna mungkin akan memuat gambar dengan ukuran yang sedikit lebih besar. Jika tidak ada preferensi khusus mengenai ukuran gambar mini yang digunakan dalam suatu halaman, disarankan untuk memilih salah satu dari ukuran standar guna menghindari proses pengecilan di sisi peramban. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation tengah mengembangkan sebuah sistem bernama [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] yang akan memungkinkan pelaksanaan uji A/B, membantu melindungi dari serangan kegagalan layanan (DDoS), serta mempermudah pemahaman mengenai jumlah pengunjung situs-situs Wikimedia. Inisiatif ini bertujuan untuk membangun perangkat yang dapat mendukung pembaca secara lebih efisien dan memudahkan mereka dalam menemukan informasi yang mereka cari. * Untuk meningkatkan keamanan pengguna, sebagian kecil proses masuk log kini akan mengharuskan pemilik akun memasukkan kata sandi sekali pakai yang dikirimkan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|surel ke alamat yang terdaftar di akun mereka]]. Pengguna disarankan untuk [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|memastikan]] bahwa alamat surel pada akun telah diatur dengan benar, telah dikonfirmasi, dan dapat digunakan untuk keperluan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Apakah Anda tertarik untuk mengikuti survei singkat guna meningkatkan alat bantu yang digunakan dalam meninjau atau mengembalikan suntingan di Wiki Anda?" Pertanyaan ini akan [[phab:T389401|ditampilkan di tujuh wiki mulai pekan depan]], pada halaman "Perubahan terbaru" dan "Daftar pantauan". [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Tim Moderator Tools]] ingin memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan peninjauan suntingan baru dalam proyek Wikimedia Anda, serta proses penentuan apakah suntingan tersebut sesuai dengan kebijakan proyek yang berlaku. * Mulai 15 April, grafik lengkap Wikidata tidak akan lagi didukung di <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. Setelah tanggal tersebut, artikel-artikel ilmiah akan tersedia melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, sementara data lainnya yang dihos di Wikidata akan tetap tersedia melalui titik akhir <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari proses pemisahan Wikidata Graph yang telah dijadwalkan dan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|diumumkan pada bulan September 2024]]. Informasi lebih lanjut [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|tersedia di Wikidata]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Nawala Aplikasi Wikimedia]] triwulan terbaru kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini berisi kabar terbaru, eksperimen, serta berbagai peningkatan yang telah diterapkan pada aplikasi Wikipedia versi seluler. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Nawala Komunitas Teknis]] triwulan terbaru kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini mencakup: undangan bagi para pengelola perkakas untuk menghadiri Sesi Umpan Balik Komunitas Toolforge UI pada 15 April, metrik komunitas terbaru, dan artikel blog teknis terkini. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 April 2025 00.23 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sejak 15 April, [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] telah terintegrasi dengan [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Wikipedia bahasa Dagbani]]. Ini merupakan proyek pertama yang memungkinkan pemanggilan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] untuk diintegrasikan ke dalam artikel. Fungsi adalah proses yang menerima satu atau lebih masukan dan mengubahnya menjadi keluaran tertentu, seperti menjumlahkan dua bilangan, mengonversi mil menjadi meter, menghitung waktu yang telah berlalu sejak suatu peristiwa, atau mengubah bentuk kata sesuai dengan kaidah kasus gramatikal. Dengan Wikifunctions, pengguna dapat melakukan operasi tersebut melalui [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|pemanggilan fungsi global yang stabil]], tanpa bergantung pada templat lokal. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * Jenis galat ''lint'' baru telah dibuat: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|dokumentasi]]). [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Ekstensi Linter]] bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola teks wiki yang perlu atau dapat diperbaiki dalam halaman, serta memberikan panduan mengenai permasalahan pada pola-pola tersebut dan cara memperbaikinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:37}} {{PLURAL:37|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah diterbitkan di HuggingFace, kumpulan data "Structured Contents" yang dikembangkan oleh Wikimedia Enterprise kini [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ juga tersedia di Kaggle]. Inisiatif Beta ini berfokus pada upaya membuat data Wikimedia lebih mudah dibaca mesin bagi para pengguna ulang berskala besar. Versi beta ini dirilis di platform yang telah digunakan oleh komunitas kumpulan data terbuka, dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh umpan balik guna menyempurnakan produk sebelum dirilis secara lebih luas di masa mendatang. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets proyek Structured Contents] secara keseluruhan, serta mengenai [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ rilis pertama yang dapat digunakan secara bebas]. * Tidak ada versi baru MediaWiki pada minggu ini. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Tim Penyuntingan dan Tim Pembelajaran Mesin mengundang para sukarelawan yang berminat untuk menghadiri pertemuan guna mendiskusikan ''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]'', yaitu fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] terbaru yang akan mendeteksi penggunaan bahasa "''peacock''" (berlebihan dalam memuji), "terlalu promosi," atau "tidak netral" saat para penyunting sedang mengetik. Penyunting yang bekerja bersama pengguna baru, membantu memperbaiki tulisan semacam ini, atau memiliki ketertarikan terhadap penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam proyek-proyek kita, diharapkan untuk hadir. Pertemuan akan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|diadakan pada 28 April 2025]] pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18.00–19.00 UTC] dan diselenggarakan melalui Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 April 2025 20.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 28 April 2025 15.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Penyelenggara acara yang mengadakan kegiatan kolaboratif di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|beberapa wiki]], termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Jepang, dan Korea, akan mendapatkan akses ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|ekstensi CampaignEvents]] pada pekan ini. Selain itu, para pengurus di Wikipedia yang telah mengaktifkan ekstensi tersebut akan segera diberikan hak sebagai penyelenggara acara secara otomatis. Mereka tidak perlu lagi memberikan hak tersebut kepada diri sendiri secara manual sebelum dapat mengelola acara sebagaimana [[phab:T386861|diminta oleh komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Peluncuran versi utama berikutnya dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], sistem desain untuk Wikimedia, dijadwalkan pada 29 April 2025. Para penyunting teknis akan memperoleh akses ke versi ini pada pekan yang dimulai 5 Mei 2025. Pembaruan ini mencakup sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|perubahan besar]] (''breaking changes'') serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|perubahan visual]] kecil. Petunjuk mengenai penanganan perubahan tersebut telah didokumentasikan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|halaman ini]]. Pengujian prarilis dilaporkan dalam [[phab:T386298|T386298]], sedangkan masalah pascarilis akan dipantau melalui [[phab:T392379|T392379]] dan [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Pengguna [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] akan melihat bahwa tampilan basis data <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, dan <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> [[phab:T390767|kini telah dinyatakan usang]]. Sebagai gantinya, pengguna dapat menggunakan view baru <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> dan <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> yang mencerminkan tabel-tabel baru dalam basis data produksi. Tampilan yang telah usang tersebut akan dihapus sepenuhnya dari Wiki Replicas pada Juni 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Nawala triwulanan terbaru mengenai Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini memuat ringkasan mengenai peningkatan pada [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ perkakas Content Translation Dashboard], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|dukungan untuk bahasa-bahasa baru]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|sorotan dari kampanye Wiki Loves Ramadan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|hasil dari Language Onboarding Experiment]]—analisis keberagaman topik dalam artikel—serta informasi mengenai pertemuan dan acara komunitas yang akan datang. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 29 April pukul 14.30 UTC]. Edisi kali ini akan berfokus pada tema "Memahami dan Menavigasi Konflik dalam Proyek Wikimedia". [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|Pendaftaran]] untuk mengikuti acara ini sudah dibuka. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|Wikimedia Hackathon 2025]], yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis global untuk berjejaring, bertukar ide, dan mengembangkan proyek-proyek yang sudah ada, akan berlangsung pada 2 hingga 4 Mei 2025 di Istanbul, Turki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 28 April 2025 19.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan draf pembaruan terbaru untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|rencana tahunan]] mereka pada tahun mendatang (Juli 2025–Juni 2026). Draf ini mencakup [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|ringkasan eksekutif]] (yang juga tersedia di [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), informasi mengenai tiga [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|tujuan]] utama ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastruktur]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Dukungan Sukarelawan]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Efektivitas]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|tren global]], serta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|anggaran]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|model keuangan]]. Masukan dan pertanyaan sangat diharapkan di [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|halaman pembicaraannya]] hingga akhir Mei. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Untuk wiki yang telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|mengaktifkan ekstensi CampaignEvents]], dua peningkatan fitur baru telah dirilis: ** Para pengurus kini dapat menentukan ruang nama mana yang diizinkan untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|dokumentasi tersedia]]). Pengaturan bawaan mengizinkan pendaftaran acara di ruang nama Event, tetapi kini ruang nama lain (seperti ruang nama proyek atau ProyekWiki) juga dapat ditambahkan. Dengan perubahan ini, komunitas seperti ProyekWiki kini dapat menggunakan fitur Pendaftaran Acara dengan lebih mudah untuk kegiatan kolaboratif mereka. ** Para penyunting kini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|mentransklusi]] Collaboration List (Daftar Kolaborasi) ke dalam halaman wiki ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|dokumentasi tersedia]]). Collaboration List adalah daftar otomatis yang menampilkan acara dan ProyekWiki di wiki, yang dapat diakses melalui Special:AllEvents ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|contoh tersedia]]). Sekarang, Collaboration List dapat ditambahkan ke berbagai jenis halaman wiki, seperti: halaman utama wiki, halaman ProyekWiki, halaman afiliasi, halaman acara, atau bahkan halaman pengguna. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengembang yang menggunakan pustaka <code dir=ltr>moment</code> dalam gawai dan skrip pengguna disarankan untuk meninjau kembali kode mereka dan beralih ke alternatif seperti pustaka <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> atau pustaka baru <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code>. Pustaka <code dir=ltr>moment</code> telah dinyatakan usang dan akan mulai menampilkan pesan peringatan di konsol pengembang. Anda dapat melihat pencarian global untuk penggunaan yang masih aktif, serta [[phab:T392532|mengajukan pertanyaan terkait melalui tugas di Phabricator]]. * Para pengembang yang memelihara perkakas yang melakukan kueri terhadap tabel penyimpanan istilah Wikidata (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar terhubung ke klaster basis data yang terpisah. Tabel-tabel ini sedang dipindahkan ke klaster basis data tersendiri. Perkakas yang selama ini mengakses tabel-tabel tersebut melalui replika wiki harus disesuaikan agar dapat terhubung ke klaster yang baru. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Dokumentasi dan pranala terkait telah tersedia]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Nawala terbaru Chart Project]] telah tersedia. Nawala ini berisi kabar terbaru mengenai persiapan untuk memperluas penerapan ke wiki tambahan mulai pekan ini (6 Mei) dan skalanya yang akan meningkat dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, serta eksplorasi mengenai penyaringan dan transformasi data sumber. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Méi 2025 00.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 6 Méi 2025 15.07 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pranala [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Dapatkan URL pendek"]] yang ada di bilah samping kini dilengkapi dengan [[phab:T393309|kode QR]]. Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat memindai atau mengunduh kode tersebut untuk membagikan dan mengakses konten dari situs Wikimedia dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation sedang mengembangkan sebuah sistem bernama [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] yang akan memungkinkan [[w:en:A/B testing|pengujian A/B]], membantu melindungi situs dari serangan DDoS, serta mempermudah pemahaman mengenai jumlah pengunjung situs Wikimedia. Tujuan dari sistem ini adalah untuk mendukung pengembangan perkakas bantu yang lebih efisien bagi pembaca, serta mempermudah mereka dalam menemukan informasi yang dicari. Berita Teknis sebelumnya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|telah membahas topik ini]]. Penerapan sistem ini akan dilakukan secara bertahap. Beberapa pengguna mungkin akan melihat kuki Edge Uniques mulai pekan tanggal 19 Mei. Anda dapat mendiskusikan hal ini di [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|halaman pembicaraan]]. * Mulai 19 Mei 2025, penyelenggara acara di wiki yang telah mengaktifkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents| CampaignEvents]] dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] di ruang nama proyek (misalnya ruang nama Wikipedia, ruang nama Wikidata). Dengan perubahan ini, komunitas tidak lagi memerlukan peran pengurus untuk menggunakan fitur tersebut. Namun, wiki yang tidak menginginkan perubahan ini dapat mengatur ulang ruang nama yang diizinkan melalui halaman [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * Proyek {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} kini telah hadir dalam [[d:Q36720|bahasa Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]), sebuah bahasa yang digunakan terutama di wilayah Tengah Utara Nigeria. Para penutur bahasa Nupe diundang untuk berpartisipasi dan memperkaya [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|Wikipedia baru]] tersebut. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para pengembang kini dapat mengakses Wikipedia dalam bahasa Belanda yang telah diurai sebelumnya, bersama dengan versi bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Spanyol, Italia, dan Portugis, melalui [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (versi beta)]. Konten yang tersedia mencakup ringkasan artikel Wikipedia yang telah diurai, deskripsi, gambar utama, kotak info (''infobox''), bagian-bagian artikel, serta referensi. * Antarmuka REST API <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> tidak lagi digunakan dan akan dihentikan. [[phab:T393557|Penghentian layanan ini dijadwalkan]] pada 7 Juni 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration Dukungan terhadap IPv6] kini diperkenalkan melalui jaringan virtual Cloud yang baru, yang secara signifikan meningkatkan skalabilitas, keamanan, dan kesiapan platform Wikimedia untuk masa depan. Bagi kontributor teknis yang ingin mengetahui lebih lanjut, silakan membaca [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ artikel blog ini] untuk penjelasan mendalam mengenai perjalanan menuju IPv6. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Edisi kedua [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] tahun 2025, sebuah platform virtual bagi Wikimediawan Afrika untuk saling terhubung, akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 15 Mei pukul 17.00 UTC]. Edisi kali ini akan berfokus pada diskusi tentang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|perencanaan tahunan dan perkembangan Wikimedia]]. * Pertemuan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], sebuah forum virtual bagi para Wikimediawan di kawasan Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara (MENA) untuk saling terhubung, akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 17 Mei pukul 17.00 UTC]. Pendaftaran untuk mengikuti acara ini [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|telah dibuka]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Méi 2025 22.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == Join the 6th Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign – 2025 Edition == Dear Wikipedia community, (''Please help translate to your language'') We invite your community to participate in the 6th edition of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign]], a global campaign taking place from July 1 to August 31, 2025. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable photo from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests ([[:m:Wiki Loves Africa|Wiki Loves Africa]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Earth|Wiki Loves Earth]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments]], etc.) over the years. More than 80 Wikimedia affiliates have participated since the campaign was launched in 2020 and have added images to more than 400,000 Wikipedia articles in over 245 Wikipedia languages. Thanks to the volunteer contributors! We now invite your community to organize and lead the campaign within your community. As a local organizer, you may: *Encourage individual members to take part by adding images to Wikipedia articles. *Host edit-a-thons focused on improving visual content. *Organize training workshops to teach contributors how to correctly integrate images into Wikipedia. These activities will help build local capacity and increase visual content across Wikipedia. Please note that for participants to be eligible to participate in the campaign, they need to have registered an account for at least a year before the official start date of the contest. That is, for the 2025 edition, they must have registered an account on or before July 1, 2025. The account can be from any Wikimedia project wikis. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language Wikipedia. We would be glad for you to [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|sign up directly]] at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. With kind regards, [[User:Reading Beans]] On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025. [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Méi 2025 21.53 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:T Cells@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2025/Call_for_participation_letter/Village_pump&oldid=28751075 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan (Editing) Tim Pembelajaran Mesin (Machine Learning) tengah mengembangkan fitur baru yang ditujukan bagi penyunting baru, yaitu ''[[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]''. Fitur ini menggunakan model prediktif berbasis kecerdasan buatan untuk membantu penyunting meningkatkan nada bahasa dalam suntingan mereka agar lebih netral dan sesuai standar ensiklopedia. Kami mengundang sukarelawan untuk meninjau versi awal model bahasa ini yang tersedia dalam lima bahasa: Arab, Spanyol, Portugis, Inggris, dan Jepang. Pengguna dari wiki dengan bahasa-bahasa tersebut yang berminat memberikan masukan [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|dipersilakan mendaftar melalui MediaWiki.org]]. Pendaftaran dibuka hingga 23 Mei, yang juga menandai dimulainya masa uji coba. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai 20 Mei 2025, para [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|pengawas]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|pemeriksa]] diwajibkan mengamankan akun mereka dengan autentikasi dua faktor (2FA) agar tetap dapat menggunakan hak akses tingkat lanjut mereka. Seluruh pengguna dalam kedua kelompok ini yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA telah menerima pemberitahuan sebelumnya. Ke depannya, persyaratan ini mungkin akan diberlakukan pula bagi pengguna lain yang memiliki hak akses tingkat lanjut. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblokir]] (''Multiblocks'') akan mulai diterapkan secara massal pada akhir bulan ini. Seluruh proyek non-Wikipedia, beserta Wikipedia bahasa Katalan, akan mulai mengadopsi fitur ini pada pekan yang dimulai tanggal 26 Mei. Sementara itu, seluruh Wikipedia lainnya akan mengadopsinya pada pekan yang dimulai tanggal 2 Juni. Silakan hubungi [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|tim pengembang]] jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan atau kekhawatiran terkait penerapan ini. Para pengurus dapat mencoba antarmuka pengguna baru di wiki masing-masing dengan membuka halaman [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], dan dapat menguji seluruh fungsi multiblokir secara lengkap [[testwiki:Special:Block|di testwiki]]. Multiblokir memungkinkan pengurus menetapkan beberapa jenis pemblokiran secara bersamaan terhadap satu pengguna. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|halaman bantuan]] yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Pada akhir pekan ini, tampilan halaman [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]]—yang memuat daftar hampir semua halaman istimewa—akan diperbarui dengan desain baru. Pembaruan ini [[phab:T219543|dirancang]] untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna melalui beberapa fitur, termasuk kemampuan untuk mencari berdasarkan nama dan alias halaman istimewa, penyusunan daftar yang dapat diurutkan, penandaan yang lebih jelas untuk halaman istimewa yang terbatas aksesnya, dan tampilan yang lebih ramah untuk perangkat seluler. Versi baru ini sudah [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages dapat dilihat] di Beta Cluster, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui tugas yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi Chart]] akan diaktifkan di lebih banyak wiki. Untuk mengetahui jadwal lengkap penerapan ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, silakan lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|linimasa penerapannya]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] akan diterapkan pada tanggal 27 Mei di lima Wiktionary: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], dan [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maladewa]]. Ini merupakan gelombang kedua dari rencana penerapan proyek tersebut. Setelah diterapkan, proyek-proyek ini akan dapat memanggil [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|fungsi-fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] dan mengintegrasikannya ke dalam halaman mereka. Sebuah fungsi adalah mekanisme yang menerima satu atau lebih masukan dan mengubahnya menjadi keluaran yang diinginkan, misalnya menjumlahkan dua angka, mengonversi mil ke meter, menghitung waktu yang telah berlalu sejak suatu peristiwa, atau menurunkan kata ke dalam suatu bentuk gramatikal. Wikifunctions memungkinkan pengguna melakukan hal-hal tersebut melalui pemanggilan sederhana terhadap [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|fungsi global yang stabil]], tanpa perlu membuat templat lokal secara terpisah. * Pada akhir pekan ini, Wikimedia Foundation akan merilis sebuah pusat [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|eksperimen]]. Tujuan dari inisiatif ini adalah untuk menampilkan berbagai eksperimen produk serta mengumpulkan masukan dari para pengguna. Eksperimen-eksperimen ini dirancang untuk membantu gerakan Wikimedia [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|memahami perilaku pengguna baru]], cara mereka berinteraksi dengan internet, serta dampak potensialnya terhadap gerakan Wikimedia. Beberapa contoh eksperimen yang akan ditampilkan meliputi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|video hasil generatif]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|permainan ''Wikipedia speedrun'' di Roblox]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|bot untuk platform Discord]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya terdapat sebuah galat saat membuat akun melalui API. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gawai dan skrip pengguna yang berinteraksi dengan halaman [[{{#special:Block}}]] mungkin perlu diperbarui agar dapat berfungsi dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|antarmuka pengelolaan blokir]] yang baru. Silakan tinjau [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|panduan pengembang]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan atau mengalami kesulitan menyesuaikan skrip dengan antarmuka baru, mohon sampaikan hal tersebut kepada tim melalui [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|halaman pembicaraannya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Objek <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> memungkinkan Anda memperoleh informasi tentang halaman wiki tertentu menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Lua. Mulai pekan ini, objek tersebut akan dilengkapi dengan atribut baru bernama <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. Atribut ini memudahkan Anda untuk memeriksa apakah sebuah halaman merupakan halaman disambiguasi, tanpa perlu membuat fungsi khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para pengembang skrip pengguna kini dapat memanfaatkan perkakas [[toolforge:gitlab-content|''reverse proxy'' baru]] untuk memuat berkas JavaScript dan CSS dari [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] menggunakan <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. Pembuat perkakas ini berharap fitur tersebut akan memfasilitasi alur kerja pengembangan kolaboratif bagi skrip pengguna, termasuk pemeriksaan kode (''linting''), pengujian unit, pembuatan kode otomatis, serta tinjauan kode langsung di <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi>, tanpa perlu langkah salin-tempel terpisah untuk menerbitkan skrip ke wiki Wikimedia guna pengujian integrasi dan penerimaan. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan di halaman [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content di Wikitech]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Edisi ke-12 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], forum yang mempertemukan para peneliti untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai sisi proyek Wikimedia, akan diselenggarakan secara virtual pada 21–22 Mei. Pendaftaran bagi para peneliti [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ kini sudah dibuka]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Méi 2025 23.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Diskusi terbuka untuk seluruh komunitas mengenai isu yang sangat sensitif bagi pengembangan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] kini telah dimulai di Meta, yakni mengenai lokasi penyimpanan konten abstrak yang akan dikembangkan melalui fungsi dari Wikifunctions dan data dari Wikidata. Diskusi ini berlangsung hingga 12 Juni di halaman [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], dan setiap pendapat sangat dihargai. Keputusan akan diambil dan diumumkan oleh Wikimedia Foundation setelah masa konsultasi berakhir. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai pekan lalu, di semua wiki selain [[phab:T388604|20 wiki terbesar]], pengguna penyunting visual pada perangkat seluler kini dapat menggunakan sejumlah [[phab:T385851|perkakas tambahan melalui tombol baru]] bertanda <code>+</code> di bilah menu. Perkakas ini mencakup opsi untuk menambahkan referensi, aksara hieroglif, dan blok kode. Fitur ini [[phab:T388605|direncanakan]] akan diterapkan di wiki-wiki lainnya pada bulan Juni. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Fungsi pengurai <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> tidak lagi akan mencatat pranala ke halaman yang menjadi targetnya. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keakuratan halaman [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], yang ke depannya hanya akan menampilkan halaman yang benar-benar menjadi target dari pranala merah. Perubahan ini akan diterapkan secara bertahap seiring diperbaruinya halaman-halaman sumber. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * Pekan ini, tim Moderator Tools akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|sebuah penyaring baru pada fitur Perubahan Terbaru]], dimulai dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia. Penyaring ini dirancang untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi untuk dibatalkan (''reverted''). Tujuannya adalah untuk membantu para penyunting yang memantau Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali suntingan-suntingan yang mungkin bermasalah. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan mendapatkan manfaat dari penyaring ini di masa mendatang. * Saat mengeklik bilah pencarian yang masih kosong, pengguna yang belum masuk log akan melihat saran artikel untuk dibaca lebih lanjut. Fitur ini tersedia di versi desktop dan seluler. Pembaca Wikipedia bahasa Katalan, Ibrani, dan Italia, serta beberapa proyek saudari lainnya, akan mulai menerima pembaruan ini antara 21 Mei hingga pertengahan Juni. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan menyusul kemudian. Tujuan dari fitur ini adalah untuk mendorong pengguna agar lebih banyak membaca konten wiki. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Beberapa pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android kini dapat mencoba fitur baru bagi pembaca, yaitu [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], sebuah permainan trivia harian yang didasarkan pada peristiwa sejarah nyata. Fitur ini dirilis sebagai uji coba A/B dan tersedia bagi 50% pengguna dalam delapan bahasa: Inggris, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Ekstensi Newsletter]] yang tersedia di MediaWiki.org memungkinkan pembuatan [[mw:Special:Newsletters|berbagai nawala]] bagi pengguna global. Kini, ekstensi tersebut mendukung penerbitan edisi baru sebagai [[mw:Special:Newsletters|pranala bagian]] (''section link'') pada halaman yang sudah ada sehingga tidak lagi memerlukan halaman terpisah untuk setiap edisi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tampilan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> yang sebelumnya telah dinyatakan usang di [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] akan dihapus pada awal Juni mendatang. Pengguna disarankan untuk beralih menggunakan tampilan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> dan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> yang baru sebagai gantinya. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata dan Proyek Saudari]] (''Wikidata and Sister Projects'') merupakan acara daring yang berlangsung selama beberapa hari dengan fokus pada integrasi Wikidata ke dalam Wikipedia dan proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya. Acara ini akan diselenggarakan mulai 29 Mei hingga 1 Juni. [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|Jadwal acara sudah tersedia]] dan [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|pendaftaran]] dapat dilakukan sekarang. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Méi 2025 20.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi Chart]] kini tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Para penyunting dapat menggunakan ekstensi baru ini untuk membuat visualisasi data interaktif, seperti bagan batang, garis, area, dan lingkaran. Fitur ini dirancang untuk menggantikan banyak fungsi dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|ekstensi Graph]] versi lama. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengaturan kutipan otomatis di wiki kini menjadi lebih sederhana melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|pembuat kutipan]] di penyunting visual. Para pengurus wiki dapat menetapkan templat standar dengan menambahkan kunci <code dir=ltr>_default</code> di halaman lokal <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|contoh perubahan]]). Penetapan templat standar ini akan membantu menjaga kompatibilitas konfigurasi yang ada ketika [[phab:T347823|jenis butir baru]] ditambahkan di kemudian hari. Meskipun demikian, templat khusus untuk jenis butir tertentu tetap dapat ditetapkan dan akan diutamakan dibandingkan templat bawaan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan 2 Juni, bot yang menggunakan <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> atau <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> untuk masuk log akan lebih sering mengalami kegagalan. Hal ini merupakan bagian dari penerapan perlindungan yang lebih ketat terhadap upaya masuk yang mencurigakan. Bot yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|kata sandi bot]] (''bot password'') atau metode otentikasi tanpa proses masuk log seperti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] tidak akan terdampak. Jika bot Anda masih menggunakan metode lama tanpa kata sandi bot, sebaiknya segera diperbarui. Penggunaan <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> tanpa kata sandi bot telah tidak disarankan sejak [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|tahun 2016]]. Bagi sebagian besar bot, pembaruan ini cukup dengan mengganti kata sandi yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * Mulai pekan ini, wiki Wikimedia akan mendukung fitur JavaScript ES2017 untuk kode resmi, gawai, dan skrip pengguna. Salah satu fitur paling mencolok dari ES2017 adalah sintaks <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> yang memungkinkan penulisan kode menjadi lebih mudah dibaca. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2016, dan beberapa bulan sebelumnya terbatas pada ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pendaftaran beasiswa untuk mengikuti [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|Konferensi GLAM Wiki 2025]] kini telah dibuka. Konferensi ini akan diselenggarakan pada 30 Oktober hingga 1 November di Lisbon, Portugal. Kontributor GLAM yang tidak memiliki dukungan pendanaan untuk berpartisipasi dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|mengajukan permohonan]] melalui pranala ini. Batas waktu pengajuan beasiswa adalah 7 Juni. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Juni 2025 23.54 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Tim Trust and Safety]] sedang menyelesaikan pekerjaan terakhir untuk meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] di beberapa Wikipedia besar pada akhir bulan ini. Tim ini telah bekerja sama dengan para pengurus dan pengguna lain yang memiliki hak akses tingkat lanjut untuk memperkirakan serta mengantisipasi berbagai skenario penggunaan yang mungkin terjadi di wiki berukuran besar, agar anggota komunitas tetap dapat memoderasi dan memantau akun sementara secara efektif. Ini merupakan tahap kedua dari tiga tahap peluncuran. Tahap terakhir paling cepat akan dilakukan pada bulan September. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai perkembangan terbaru proyek ini, silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|lihat pembaruan ini]]. Jika Anda memiliki komentar atau pertanyaan, silakan tulis di [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|halaman pembicaraannya]], dan [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|ikuti acara CEE Catch Up]] pada hari Selasa ini. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|kedaluwarsa daftar pantauan]] memungkinkan penyunting memantau halaman untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Setelah waktu tersebut berakhir, halaman akan otomatis dihapus dari daftar pantauan. Mulai pekan ini, Anda dapat mengatur preferensi untuk menentukan jangka waktu bawaan dalam memantau halaman. [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|Preferensi]] ini juga memungkinkan Anda menetapkan durasi pantauan yang berbeda untuk penyuntingan halaman yang sudah ada, halaman yang Anda buat, serta saat menggunakan fitur pembatalan suntingan (''rollback''). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Berikut ini adalah tangkapan layar dari peningkatan visual yang diterapkan di halaman pembicaraan|Berikut adalah contoh halaman pembicaraan dengan desain baru dalam bahasa Prancis]] * Tampilan halaman pembicaraan akan mengalami perubahan di hampir semua Wikipedia ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|beberapa]] di antaranya sudah menerima pembaruan desain ini, sementara [[phab:T379264|sebagian lainnya]] akan mendapatkannya dalam waktu dekat). Anda dapat membaca rincian mengenai perubahan ini [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|di Diff]]. Jika Anda tidak ingin menggunakan tampilan baru ini, Anda dapat menonaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|preferensi pengguna]] dengan mematikan opsi "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan tertentu, seperti pengurus, birokrat, pemeriksa, pengawas, dan penatalayan, [[phab:T358853|sekarang dapat secara otomatis melihat]] alamat IP dari seluruh akun sementara selama jangka waktu tertentu. Fitur ini dirancang untuk membantu penanganan vandalisme yang dilakukan dengan cara berpindah-pindah akun secara cepat, dan disediakan berdasarkan permintaan dari para penatalayan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * Pekan ini, Tim Perkakas Moderator dan Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|peluncuran penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke beberapa Wikipedia lainnya. Penyaring ini menggunakan model Revert Risk yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi dibatalkan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengidentifikasi kontribusi yang mungkin bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di Wikipedia berikut: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}. Peluncuran ini akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa minggu mendatang hingga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting AbuseFilter yang aktif di Meta-Wiki dan Wikipedia berukuran besar dimohon untuk memperbarui AbuseFilter agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. Pranala ke petunjuk serta daftar tertutup penyaring yang perlu diperiksa [[phab:T369611|tersedia di Phabricator]]. * Modul Lua kini dapat mengakses nama keluku (''thumbnail'') yang berkaitan dengan suatu halaman, dan di [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 beberapa wiki] juga dapat mengakses informasi penilaian ProyekWiki. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat dua atribut baru pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|objek mw.title]], yaitu <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> dan <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Juni 2025 01.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Anda diundang untuk [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en mencalonkan perkakas favorit] dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren]] edisi keenam. Proses pencalonan bersifat anonim dan berlangsung hingga 25 Juni. Satu survei dapat digunakan beberapa kali untuk mengajukan lebih dari satu perkakas. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Staf Wikimedia Foundation dan sukarelawan teknis menggunakan API Wikimedia untuk membangun berbagai perkakas, aplikasi, fitur, dan integrasi yang meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna. Dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan berfokus pada pengembangan API web (HTTP) Wikimedia guna mendukung kebutuhan sukarelawan teknis sekaligus melindungi infrastruktur Wikimedia dari potensi penyalahgunaan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai rencana pengembangan API ini dapat [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ dibaca dalam tulisan di Techblog]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Juni 2025 23.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pekan ini, Tim Moderator Tools dan Tim Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan peluncuran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke kelompok Wikipedia ketiga sekaligus terakhir. Penyaring ini menggunakan model ''Revert Risk'' yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menandai suntingan yang kemungkinan besar akan dikembalikan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali kontribusi yang berpotensi bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/id}}. Peluncuran akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa pekan mendatang untuk mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] mulai diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Ceko, Korea, dan Turki. Minggu ini dan minggu depan, penerapan akan dilanjutkan ke Wikipedia dengan jumlah pengguna yang lebih besar. Silakan [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|bagikan pendapat Anda]] mengenai proyek ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Akhir pekan ini, Tim Penyuntingan (Editing) akan meluncurkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] ke seluruh Wikipedia (kecuali Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). Fitur ini menampilkan beberapa [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|pemeriksaan referensi]] saat pengguna menyunting, dengan tujuan mendorong mereka untuk menambahkan sumber ketika menambahkan beberapa paragraf baru dalam sebuah artikel. Sebelumnya, fitur ini diuji coba dalam uji A/B. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results Hasilnya menunjukkan] bahwa pengguna yang melihat beberapa pemeriksaan cenderung 1,3 kali lebih mungkin menambahkan referensi dalam suntingannya, dan suntingan mereka lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk dikembalikan (berkurang 34,7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * Beberapa nama halaman perlu diubah karena adanya pembaruan perangkat lunak dan penyesuaian dengan standar Unicode terbaru. Semua perubahan ini berkaitan dengan penulisan huruf kapital pada judul. Sekitar 71 halaman dan 3 berkas akan diubah namanya di 15 wiki; daftar lengkapnya tercantum dalam [[phab:T396903|tugas terkait]]. Para pengembang akan mengganti nama halaman-halaman tersebut pekan depan, dan beberapa menit setelahnya akan memperbaiki pengalihan serta pranala berkas yang tertanam melalui pembaruan pengaturan sistem. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu telah diperbaiki yang sebelumnya menyebabkan halaman menggulir ke atas saat teks di dekat bagian atas dipilih. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting kini dapat menggunakan modul Lua untuk menyaring dan mengolah data tabel agar dapat digunakan bersama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi:Chart]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan berbagai hal, seperti memilih sebagian baris atau kolom dari data sumber, mengubah satuan, melakukan pengolahan statistik, dan berbagai bentuk pengolahan data lainnya. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Informasi tentang cara menggunakan fitur ini tersedia]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * Variabel <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> dalam [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] kini diganti namanya menjadi <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> agar konsisten dengan variabel lainnya. Penggunaan nama lama masih tetap akan berfungsi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Isi pembaruan ini meliputi: peningkatan terbaru pada tugas "Tambahkan Pranala", dua fitur baru untuk mendukung keterlibatan pengguna baru, dan pembaruan pada pengaturan Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2025 23.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] kini telah tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia. Ekstensi ini dirancang untuk mempermudah penyelenggaraan dan keikutsertaan dalam berbagai kegiatan kolaboratif, seperti menyunting bareng (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki, langsung di wiki. Ekstensi ini menawarkan tiga fitur utama: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]], dan [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]]. Untuk mengajukan permintaan aktivasi ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|halaman informasi penyebaran]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pemelihara AbuseFilter kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|data reputasi IP]] dalam penyaringan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]. Data reputasi IP merupakan informasi mengenai proksi dan VPN yang terkait dengan alamat IP pengguna. Data ini tidak ditampilkan secara publik dan tidak dihasilkan untuk tindakan yang dilakukan oleh akun yang telah terdaftar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Konten tersembunyi dalam bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|halaman Wikipedia yang dapat dilipat]] (''collapsible'') sekarang akan terlihat ketika seseorang menggunakan fitur "Temukan di halaman" (Ctrl+F atau ⌘F) di peramban web yang mendukung fitur ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Templat Favorit]] (''Favourite Templates'') akan diluncurkan akhir pekan ini di semua proyek (kecuali Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, yang akan menerima fitur ini minggu depan), setelah melalui tahap uji coba di Wikipedia bahasa Polandia dan Arab, serta Wikisource bahasa Italia dan Inggris. Fitur ini mempermudah kontributor baru maupun berpengalaman dalam menemukan dan menggunakan templat melalui dialog templat, dengan memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan templat ke dalam "daftar favorit" khusus. Fitur ini dapat digunakan baik di penyunting visual maupun penyunting teks wiki. Fitur ini merupakan bagian dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|fokus harapan komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah kekutu telah diperbaiki yang sebelumnya menyebabkan beberapa Notifikasi terkirim lebih dari satu kali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Juni 2025 23.40 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Akun sementara]] telah diterapkan di 18 Wikipedia berukuran besar dan menengah, termasuk Wikipedia dalam bahasa Jerman, Jepang, Prancis, dan Tionghoa. Saat ini, sekitar sepertiga dari seluruh aktivitas pengguna yang tidak masuk log di berbagai wiki berasal dari akun sementara. Para pengguna yang terlibat dalam kegiatan patroli mungkin tertarik untuk melihat dua halaman dokumentasi baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Akses ke Alamat IP]], yang menjelaskan segala hal mengenai akses ke alamat IP akun sementara, serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repositori]], yang memuat daftar gawai dan skrip pengguna terbaru. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Siapa pun dapat mencoba permainan eksperimental baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], yang memungkinkan Anda menjelajahi Wikipedia dengan berpindah dari satu artikel ke artikel lain melalui klik, dengan tujuan mencapai halaman tertentu dalam langkah dan waktu sesingkat mungkin. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi cara-cara baru dalam melibatkan pembaca. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Cobalah permainan ini] dan sampaikan pendapat Anda kepada tim melalui [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|halaman pembicaraan]]. * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dalam beberapa bahasa kini dapat memainkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|permainan trivia]] baru bernama '''Apa yang lebih dulu?''' (''Which came first?''). Ini adalah permainan sejarah sederhana di mana Anda menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu pada tanggal hari ini. Sebelumnya, permainan ini tersedia dalam bentuk uji coba A/B, dan sekarang telah tersedia untuk semua pengguna dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Spanyol, Portugis, Rusia, Arab, Turki, dan Tionghoa. Fitur ini bertujuan untuk menarik minat generasi pembaca yang lebih baru. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS dalam beberapa bahasa mungkin akan melihat fitur penjelajahan dengan tab yang baru, yang memungkinkan membuka beberapa tab saat membaca. Fitur ini mempermudah menjelajahi topik-topik terkait dan berpindah antarartikel. Uji coba A/B fitur ini saat ini sedang berlangsung dalam bahasa Arab, Inggris, dan Jepang di wilayah tertentu. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|halaman proyek Penjelajahan dengan Tab]]. * Birokrat di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat menggunakan halaman [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] untuk memeriksa apakah seorang pengguna telah mengaktifkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua faktor]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur baru [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Pencarian dan Penelusuran Templat]] akan diterapkan di semua proyek Wikimedia pada akhir pekan ini: sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|penjelajah kategori templat]] akan diperkenalkan untuk membantu pengguna menemukan templat yang dapat dimasukkan ke dalam daftar "favorit" mereka. Penjelajah ini memungkinkan pengguna menelusuri daftar templat yang telah dikelompokkan dalam struktur kategori tertentu. Fitur ini merupakan permintaan dari komunitas melalui program [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|Harapan Komunitas]]. * Sekarang pengguna dapat mengakses preferensi daftar pantauan langsung dari halaman daftar pantauan. Selain itu, tombol yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk menyunting daftar pantauan dan dianggap tidak lagi diperlukan telah dihapus. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]], kini tersedia sistem Notifikasi bawaan terpadu yang mempermudah pengembang dalam mengirim, mengelola, dan menyesuaikan notifikasi. Silakan lihat dokumentasi terbaru di halaman [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], informasi tentang proses migrasi di tiket [[phab:T388663|T388663]], dan informasi tentang kait (''hooks'') yang tidak lagi digunakan di tiket [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], konferensi yang didedikasikan untuk Wikidata, kini telah dibuka untuk [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp pengajuan sesi] dan [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|pendaftaran peserta]]. Acara tahun ini akan diselenggarakan secara daring pada 31 Oktober – 2 November, dengan tema "Menghubungkan Orang melalui Data Terbuka Tertaut". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juli 2025 00.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 14 Juli 2025 12.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Templat pilihan]], sebuah fitur baru yang berkaitan dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Pencarian dan Penelusuran Templat]], akan diluncurkan pada pekan ini ke semua proyek Wikimedia. Dengan fitur ini, para penyunting dapat dengan mudah mengakses daftar templat yang kemungkinan besar berguna. Daftar ini akan ditampilkan di bawah tab "pilihan" pada antarmuka pencarian templat. Para pengurus dapat menentukan isi daftar ini melalui antarmuka Konfigurasi Komunitas. Fitur ini merupakan permintaan dari komunitas yang diajukan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|melalui Harapan Komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, permintaan untuk menambahkan huruf Malayalam pada perkakas [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export]] telah dipenuhi, dan sekarang huruf-huruf Malayalam pada buku hasil ekspor dari Wikisource sudah ditampilkan dengan benar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Para pengembang, desainer, dan seluruh kontributor Wikimedia diundang untuk [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ mengajukan ide proyek] untuk Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Baca artikel [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ di blog Diff] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pendaftaran beasiswa dan pengajuan program untuk [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] dibuka hingga 20 Juli pukul 23.59 GMT. WikiIndaba adalah konferensi regional bagi para kontributor Wikimedia dari Afrika, baik yang berada di benua Afrika maupun diaspora, untuk saling terhubung dan berkembang bersama. Segera [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform ajukan permohonan beasiswa] dan [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH usulan program] Anda. * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] akan diselenggarakan pada 19–20 Juli di Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Anggota komunitas Wikimedia di Brasil diimbau untuk mendaftar dan berpartisipasi dalam acara ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Juli 2025 20.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur Saran Terjemahan (''Translation Suggestions'') pada perkakas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Penerjemahan Konten]] kini memiliki tingkatan penyaring artikel tambahan dalam kategori "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... Lainnya]". Para penerjemah yang menggunakan fitur ini sekarang dapat memilih dan menerima saran artikel yang disesuaikan dengan wilayah yang mereka minati melalui penyaring "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" yang baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Para pengurus kini dapat membatasi fitur "Tambahkan Pranala" hanya untuk pengguna baru. Tugas Terstruktur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Tambahkan Pranala"]] dirancang untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|membantu pengguna akun baru untuk mulai menyunting]], tetapi beberapa komunitas meminta agar fitur ini dibatasi hanya untuk sasaran awalnya, yaitu pengguna baru. Pengurus dapat mengatur pembatasan ini melalui fitur [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Konfigurasi Komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Bagi penyunting AbuseFilter di [[phab:T392144|beberapa wiki]], kini dimungkinkan untuk memilih suntingan berdasarkan skor RevertRisk dari suntingan yang sedang dicoba. Skor ini hanya tersedia jika tindakan yang dievaluasi adalah sebuah suntingan. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan lihat dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|variabel-variabel ORES/AbuseFilter]]. * Wiki di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Kluster Beta]] (''Beta Cluster'') [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|telah dipindahkan]] dari <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> ke <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Pengguna mungkin perlu memperbarui URL di perkakas yang sedang digunakan atau di pengelola kata sandi mereka. Jika ada masalah mengenai hal ini, silakan [[phab:T289318|laporkan melalui tugas yang tersedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] akan diselenggarakan pada 29–31 Agustus, secara daring dan luring di Bern, Swiss. Tujuan acara ini adalah untuk mempererat kembali hubungan antara komunitas, lembaga, dan individu yang bekerja dengan rujukan terbuka, data kepustakaan, serta ekosistem Wikidata/Wikibase. Pendaftaran sudah dibuka, dan pengumuman pengajuan proposal akan segera diumumkan. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2025 23.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Dalam beberapa bulan ke depan, Tim Teknologi Komunitas (''Community Tech'') akan memusatkan perhatian mereka pada permintaan fitur yang berkaitan dengan Daftar Pantauan dan halaman Perubahan Terbaru. Mereka mengundang masukan dari komunitas. Silakan baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|kabar terbaru]], dan jika Anda memiliki ide, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|ajukanlah permintaan fitur]] yang sesuai dengan topik tersebut. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Komunitas Wikimedia Commons telah memutuskan untuk memblokir [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|unggahan lintas wiki]] ke Wikimedia Commons bagi semua pengguna yang belum memiliki hak terkonfirmasi otomatis di wiki tersebut mulai 16 Agustus. Keputusan ini diambil karena adanya [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|banyak masalah]] yang berhubungan dengan berkas yang diunggah oleh pengguna baru. Pengguna yang terdampak akan menerima pesan galat disertai pranala menuju UploadWizard di Commons yang memiliki pembatasan lebih ringan. Mohon bantu menerjemahkan [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|pesan tersebut]] atau berikan masukan mengenai isi pesannya. Jangan lupa untuk memperbarui halaman bantuan di wiki Anda agar menjelaskan pembatasan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * Di sejumlah wiki yang telah mengaktifkan akun sementara dan di Meta-Wiki, para pengurus kini dapat menambahkan catatan kaki pada halaman Special:Contributions untuk akun sementara. Fungsinya mirip dengan catatan kaki yang dapat ditampilkan pada halaman kontribusi alamat IP maupun akun pengguna. Pengurus dapat menambahkan catatan kaki tersebut dengan membuat halaman bernama <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 6–9 Agustus. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ Program acara sudah diumumkan] sehingga Anda dapat merencanakan sesi mana yang ingin ditonton. Sebagian besar sesi akan disiarkan secara langsung, kecuali yang ditandai dengan ikon "tanpa kamera". Jika Anda ingin bergabung secara daring untuk menonton siaran langsung dan menggunakan fitur interaktif, silakan [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|mendaftar]] untuk mendapatkan tiket virtual gratis. Beberapa sesi teknis yang mungkin menarik bagi Anda, antara lain: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Akun Sementara: Meningkatkan Privasi bagi Penyunting Tak Terdaftar] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Membangun Masa Depan yang Berkelanjutan bagi Kontributor Wikimedia] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ Selusin Gagasan tentang Wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Koordinasi Antarpemangku Kepentingan bersama Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Gugur 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 28–30 Oktober 2025 di Hannover, Jerman. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Anda dapat mengajukan sesi dan mendaftar untuk berpartisipasi dalam acara ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juli 2025 00.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting kini dapat mengaktifkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|Kartu Info Pengguna]] (''User Info Card''). Fitur ini menambahkan sebuah ikon di samping nama pengguna dalam halaman riwayat dan halaman log kontribusi pengguna. Ketika ikon tersebut diklik atau diketuk, informasi tentang akun tersebut akan ditampilkan, seperti jumlah suntingan, jumlah suntingan yang dibatalkan, pemblokiran, dan lainnya. Fitur ini merupakan bagian dari proyek yang lebih luas untuk memudahkan para moderator menilai tingkat kepercayaan suatu akun. Fitur ini dapat diaktifkan melalui [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferensi global Anda]], dan akan tersedia di preferensi lokal dalam beberapa hari ke depan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Silakan sampaikan komentar Anda mengenai proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Kontribusi Kolaboratif]] (''Collaborative Contributions'') yang baru diluncurkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|tim Connection]]. Proyek ini bertujuan menghadirkan cara baru untuk menampilkan dampak dari kegiatan penyuntingan bersama, seperti menyunting bersama (''edit-a-thon''), penyelesaian timbunan tugas, dan ProyekWiki di wiki. Komentar Anda dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|halaman pembicaraan proyeknya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Para pengurus kini dapat menetapkan jangka waktu pemblokiran standar untuk akun sementara. Untuk melakukannya, halaman bernama <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> perlu dibuat terlebih dahulu dan mengisinya dengan salah satu nilai yang tersedia di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. Pengaturan ini memungkinkan pengurus memblokir akun sementara selama 90 hari dengan mudah, yang secara fungsional setara dengan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu. Keuntungan dari pendekatan ini adalah daftar pemblokiran di Special:BlockList tidak menjadi penuh. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|Dokumentasi lebih lanjut]] telah tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sekarang gawai dapat menggunakan berkas <code dir=ltr>.vue</code>, yang mempermudah pengembangan antarmuka modern dengan [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]]. Ini sangat membantu terutama bagi yang ingin memanfaatkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], yaitu sistem desain resmi Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Ikon Codex]] juga bisa dimuat langsung melalui definisi gawainya. Untuk skrip pengguna yang menggunakan Vue.js, tersedia [[mw:API:CodexIcons|modul API]] baru untuk memuat ikon Codex. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|Dokumentasi]] lengkap beserta contoh penggunaan dapat ditemukan di halaman yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Pengembang modul kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|antarmuka Lua]] untuk mempermudah penyiapan modul Lua agar dapat diterjemahkan di Meta-Wiki. Pembaruan ini memudahkan penerjemah dalam menemukan dan mengedit teks dalam modul tanpa harus berurusan langsung dengan kode Lua mentah, serta membantu mencegah kesalahan yang dapat merusak modul saat diterjemahkan. Pengembang modul dan penerjemah diundang untuk [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|menonton video peraga]], membaca informasi lebih lanjut tentang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|modul yang dapat diterjemahkan]], melihat contoh penggunaan di [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] di Meta-Wiki, dan [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|memberikan masukan]] apakah fitur ini membantu mengatasi tantangan dalam alur kerja mereka. Namun, antarmuka ini masih memiliki beberapa masalah kinerja sehingga belum disarankan untuk digunakan pada modul-modul yang dipakai secara luas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Mulai Agustus, [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] akan diterapkan lebih ketat karena adanya perayap (''crawler'') eksternal yang [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|membebani]] sumber daya Wikimedia secara berlebihan. Para pengembang perkakas eksternal yang mengakses halaman Wikimedia wajib menetapkan ''user-agent'' yang sesuai dengan kebijakan tersebut. Perkakas yang dijalankan di Toolforge atau Cloud VPS Wikimedia untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak, tetapi tetap dianjurkan untuk mengatur ''user-agent'' yang benar. [[phab:T400119|Informasi teknis lebih lanjut telah tersedia]], dan pertanyaan-pertanyaan dapat diajukan melalui tugas yang bersangkutan. * Parsoid Read Views akan mulai diterapkan di beberapa Wikipedia berukuran kecil dalam beberapa minggu ke depan, menyusul keberhasilan transisi Wikivoyage dan Wiktionary ke Parsoid Read Views. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan kunjungi halaman proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 6–9 Agustus. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ Program acara sudah diumumkan] sehingga Anda dapat merencanakan sesi mana yang ingin ditonton. Sebagian besar sesi akan disiarkan secara langsung, kecuali yang ditandai dengan ikon "tanpa kamera". Jika Anda ingin bergabung secara daring untuk menonton siaran langsung dan menggunakan fitur interaktif, silakan [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|mendaftar]] untuk mendapatkan tiket virtual gratis. Beberapa sesi teknis yang mungkin menarik bagi Anda, antara lain: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Infrastruktur pengetahuan Wikimedia di tengah perubahan internet: Membangun jalur berkelanjutan untuk penggunaan ulang konten] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions akan segera hadir di wiki Anda!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Membentuk Masa Depan Pengalaman Pembaca Wikipedia] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Membuat Wikipedia Lebih Nyaman Dibaca: Langkah Selanjutnya] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Agustus 2025 03.39 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Bilah perkakas WikiEditor kini akan menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|pintasan papan tik]] pada keterangan (''tooltip'') setiap tombolnya. Hal ini membantu pengguna lebih mudah mengetahui dan menggunakan fitur tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan sejumlah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|usulan percobaan]] yang dapat dilakukan oleh Wikimedia Foundation untuk meningkatkan komunikasi dengan komunitas. Masukan terhadap usulan ini dapat disampaikan hingga 22 Agustus di [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Bilah pencarian pada tampilan Minerva (versi seluler) telah diperbarui untuk menggunakan komponen pencarian dengan saran otomatis yang sama seperti yang digunakan pada tampilan Vector 2022. Tidak ada perubahan pada fungsi pencarian. Namun, terdapat sedikit perubahan tampilan. Secara khusus, tombol untuk menutup pencarian kini berubah dari ikon "X" menjadi panah kembali. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk membedakan tombol tersebut dari ikon "X" lainnya yang digunakan untuk menghapus teks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Para penyunting di beberapa wiki akan melihat tombol baru untuk mengaktifkan opsi "Kelompokkan hasil berdasarkan halaman" di halaman daftar pantauan, perubahan terkait, dan perubahan terbaru. Ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|uji coba A/B]] yang dijadwalkan mulai pada 11 Agustus dan akan berlangsung selama 3 hingga 6 minggu di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Mandarin, Ceko, Prancis, Yunani, Portugis, dan Urdu. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah membuat fitur ini lebih mudah ditemukan dapat memengaruhi kemampuan penyunting dalam menemukan suntingan yang mereka cari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kumpulan [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|data Unicode]] lintas wiki telah dipindahkan ke [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] di Wikimedia Commons, sesuai dengan gagasan "Satu sumber data bersama untuk berbagai wiki lokal". Sebagian besar wiki telah diperbarui untuk menggunakan versi yang ada di Commons. Jika memiliki pertanyaan, Anda dapat mengajukannya di [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|halaman pembicaraan]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Kode Lua kini dapat menampilkan lebih dari satu peringatan menggunakan fungsi <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code>. Sebelumnya, peringatan baru akan menggantikan peringatan lama, tetapi sekarang beberapa peringatan dapat ditampilkan sekaligus. Jika Anda mengelola modul Lua yang menggunakan peringatan, disarankan untuk memeriksa kembali apakah modul tersebut masih berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Agustus 2025 23.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pada pekan ini, pengguna yang masuk log dan mengaktifkan [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Fitur Beta]] "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Perkakas Diskusi]]" akan dapat mengucapkan "Terima kasih" pada komentar tertentu langsung di halaman pembicaraan, tanpa harus membuka riwayat halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Cari tahu lebih lanjut mengenai fitur ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * Uji A/B yang membandingkan dua versi pranala donasi di desktop telah diluncurkan di testwiki pada 12 Agustus dan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada 14 Agustus, untuk 0,1% pengguna yang tidak masuk log di situs desktop. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama tiga pekan dan berakhir pada 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * Uji A/A untuk mengukur dasar tingkat keterlibatan pembaca telah diluncurkan pada 12 Agustus menggunakan [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. Percobaan ini mengukur persentase pengguna yang kembali mengunjungi wiki setelah kunjungan pertama mereka dalam kurun waktu 14 hari. Tidak ada perubahan tampilan yang diharapkan. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung hingga 31 Agustus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Lima wiki baru telah dirilis: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/id}} dalam [[d:Q34057|bahasa Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/id}} dalam [[d:Q36213|bahasa Madura]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q3450749|bahasa Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/id}} dalam [[d:Q13324|bahasa Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q7598268|bahasa Amazigh Maroko Standar]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:46}} {{PLURAL:46|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Agustus 2025 00.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para pembuat templat kini dapat menggunakan lebih banyak properti CSS karena pemindai CSS yang digunakan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] telah diperbarui. Contohnya: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>, satuan relatif seperti <code>lh</code>, dan teks yang dapat disesuaikan <code>list-style-type</code>. Perbaikan ini merupakan bagian dari usulan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * Pada wiki berukuran besar, jangka waktu bawaan untuk menampilkan suntingan di halaman Special:RecentChanges kini diubah dari 7 hari menjadi 1 hari. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya meningkatkan kinerja dan tidak akan memengaruhi pengalaman pengguna karena volume suntingan di wiki tersebut sangat tinggi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Para pengurus kini dapat membuka halaman [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] melalui daftar halaman [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]]. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan halaman tersebut untuk ditemukan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Video-video yang ada di Wikimedia Commons sebelumnya tidak muncul pada tab Video di Google Penelusuran. Masalah ini telah diteliti dan dilaporkan kepada Google, dan kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q33014|bahasa Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:39}} {{PLURAL:39|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Dua kolom pada tabel [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|basis data recentchanges]] akan dihapus. Kolom <code>rc_new</code> dan <code>rc_type</code> akan digantikan dengan <code>rc_source</code>. Mulai pekan ini, permintaan yang masih menggunakan kolom lama tersebut akan gagal sehingga pengembang perlu beralih ke <code>rc_source</code>. Kolom lama itu sudah dinyatakan usang lebih dari 10 tahun lalu dan seharusnya tidak lagi digunakan. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya meningkatkan kinerja dan kestabilan permintaan pada tabel recentchanges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Nawala triwulanan Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] kini sudah tersedia. Edisi ini berisi tentang dukungan bahasa baru di MediaWiki dan translatewiki, dimulainya proyek Pengenalan dan Pengembangan Bahasa untuk mendukung pertumbuhan wiki baru dan kecil, kabar terbaru dari berbagai proyek penelitian, serta informasi lainnya. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa]] berikutnya akan berlangsung pada 29 Agustus [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Pertemuan minggu ini akan membahas pengembang papan ketik Avro dari Wikimedia Bangladesh yang baru-baru ini meraih penghargaan nasional atas kontribusi mereka terhadap papan ketik tersebut, dan topik lainnya. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Agustus 2025 00.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') ingin menyusun daftar templat, istilah khusus, dan kebijakan yang biasanya digunakan dalam ringkasan suntingan ketika ada pelanggaran hak cipta yang dihapus. Daftar ini akan membantu mereka mengetahui jumlah suntingan yang dibatalkan karena masalah hak cipta. Kami mengundang anggota komunitas dari wiki berikut untuk mencantumkan istilah-istilah tersebut di [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], atau berbagi daftarnya kepada [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/id}}. Proyek ini berlangsung hingga 9 September 2025. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] kini telah diaktifkan di semua Wikisource. Ekstensi ini akan memudahkan penyelenggaraan dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan kolaborasi, seperti menyunting bersama (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki di proyek-proyek tersebut. Ekstensi ini memiliki tiga fitur utama: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]]. Untuk mengajukan permintaan agar ekstensi ini diaktifkan di wiki Anda, silakan kunjungi halaman Deployment information. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * Daftar yang ada di bagian bawah antarmuka penyuntingan, seperti "Templat yang digunakan di halaman ini", kini akan ditata dalam bentuk kolom jika ruangnya mencukupi. Peningkatan ini membantu mengurangi kebutuhan menggulir layar saat menyunting artikel panjang di Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * Pada 3 September 2025, kami akan menaikkan persentase pengambilan sampel dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|uji coba pengelompokan dengan tombol pilihan]] di halaman <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, dan <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> di Wikipedia bahasa Tionghoa, Prancis, dan Portugis menjadi 100 persen sehingga lebih banyak penyunting dapat ikut serta dalam percobaan ini. Penyesuaian ini bertujuan agar tersedia cukup data untuk membuat keputusan yang lebih tepat saat mengevaluasi hasil percobaan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Mulai pekan 22 September, pengguna yang belum masuk log akan melihat saran artikel saat mengklik bilah pencarian kosong di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Fitur ini tersedia di komputer dan ponsel. Wiki yang menggunakan bahasa selain bahasa Inggris telah menerima perubahan ini pada Juni dan Juli. Tujuan fitur ini adalah membantu pengguna lebih mudah dalam menemukan artikel. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:37}} {{PLURAL:37|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Wikifunctions kini memiliki kemampuan baru bernama "tipe enumerasi ringan". Tipe enumerasi merupakan sekumpulan nilai tetap yang ditentukan dalam definisi sebuah tipe. Fitur ini membuat pembuatan tipe semacam itu menjadi lebih cepat dan sederhana, serta memungkinkan penggunaan kembali nilai yang sudah tersedia di Wikidata. Berikut ini adalah [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|nawala]] untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Nawala Pembaca (''Readers'')]] terbaru kini sudah tersedia. Edisi kali ini mencakup pembentukan dua tim baru: Pertumbuhan Pembaca dan Pengalaman Pembaca; wawasan tentang penurunan jumlah tayangan halaman dan pembuatan akun; sorotan dari panel Wikimania Nairobi mengenai peningkatan pengalaman membaca; rencana percobaan untuk melibatkan pembaca baru maupun lama; dan berbagai informasi lainnya. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Sorotan beberapa sesi di Wikimania 2025: ** Mengenali teks yang dibuat oleh AI dengan mencari ISBN yang gagal dalam pemeriksaan ceksum (''checksum''): Mathias Schindler dari WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s berbagi perkakas untuk membantu komunitas dalam melakukan pencarian ini]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ ''La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs'' (Keberlanjutan gerakan Wikimedia menghadapi tantangan saat ini dan di masa depan)]: Sesi ini membahas bagaimana Wikimedia dapat tetap menjadi sumber pengetahuan yang tepercaya di tengah era AI generatif, banjir informasi, dan disinformasi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Séptémber 2025 20.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan sedang menyiapkan fitur baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]]. Fitur ini akan memberi peringatan kepada pengguna baru ketika mereka menempelkan teks ke Wikipedia bahwa isi tersebut mungkin tidak bisa diterima. Tujuannya adalah membantu memastikan konten baru yang ditambahkan sesuai dengan komitmen gerakan untuk menyediakan informasi berlisensi bebas. Uji coba fitur ini akan segera dilakukan di beberapa wiki. Jika komunitas Anda ingin ikut serta, silakan [[phab:T403680|sampaikan melalui tugas ini]] atau [[mw:Talk:Edit check|hubungi tim terkait]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dalam pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" dapat memakai [[w:en:Lint (software)|perkakas pemeriksa]] untuk menampilkan kesalahan atau masalah lain dalam teks wiki secara langsung. Silakan kunjungi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|halaman bantuan untuk informasi selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Saat mengakses wiki, misalnya <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>, halaman biasanya muncul dalam dua bentuk: versi desktop atau dialihkan ke versi seluler di domain dengan huruf "m" (seperti <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Dalam tiga pekan ke depan, MediaWiki akan menayangkan versi seluler langsung melalui domain utama tanpa perlu pengalihan. Perubahan ini tidak akan memengaruhi alamat m-dot yang sudah ada atau pilihan untuk tetap menggunakan tampilan desktop. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * Ketika sebuah suntingan mengubah kategori pada sebuah halaman, pembaruan jumlah anggota kategori kini dilakukan secara tidak langsung (asinkron). Cara ini membuat penyimpanan suntingan menjadi lebih cepat, terutama saat banyak halaman dipindahkan ke atau dari kategori yang sama, serta mengurangi risiko gangguan pada situs. Namun, jumlah yang ditampilkan mungkin masih memuat informasi lama selama beberapa menit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Suntingan di Wikidata pada penjelas (atribut dan nilai) maupun referensi (atribut dan nilai) dalam sebuah pernyataan kini tidak lagi muncul di halaman Perubahan Terbaru atau Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain. Perubahan ini hanya sementara untuk memperbaiki kinerja sambil menunggu solusi lain. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tetap tidak berubah. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Wiki-wiki berbahasa Jepang telah mendapatkan peningkatan besar pada cara kerja fitur pencariannya. Pencarian yang baru ini umumnya akan memberikan hasil yang lebih tepat dan lebih relevan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Séptémber 2025 01.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Daftar referensi yang dibuat dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> kini akan otomatis ditampilkan dalam bentuk kolom pada tampilan Vector 2022, jika pembaca menggunakan pengaturan "standar" untuk ukuran teks dan lebar halaman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Mulai pekan 6 Oktober, pada [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|wiki kecil]] dan [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|menengah]] yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|ekstensi CampaignEvents]], semua pengguna dengan status terkonfirmasi otomatis dapat menjadi penyelenggara melalui fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]]. Untuk [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|wiki berukuran besar]], perubahan hanya berlaku jika diajukan melalui Phabricator. Langkah ini bertujuan memudahkan lebih banyak orang memakai Pendaftaran Acara, terutama di wiki yang belum memiliki aturan khusus tentang hak Penyelenggara Acara. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Pengguna yang melakukan pencarian dengan ekspresi reguler (regex) kini dapat menggunakan fitur tambahan, antara lain: ** untuk kata kunci <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code>: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metakarakter]] penanda awal baris (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) dan akhir baris (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** untuk kata kunci <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> dan <code dir=ltr>insource:</code>: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|kelas karakter singkat]] untuk angka (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), spasi kosong (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), dan huruf/angka (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|kode untuk pindah baris]] (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), baris baru (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tabulasi (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), dan Unicode (misalnya <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * Saat Anda mencari teks yang menyerupai alamat IP, sistem sekarang akan menampilkan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, pencarian tersebut langsung mengarahkan ke kontribusi dari alamat IP tersebut, alih-alih menampilkan hasil pencariannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Semua wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya baca]] selama beberapa menit pada 24 September. Jadwal ini direncanakan pada pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan untuk uji coba cadangan pemindahan peladen pusat data yang berlangsung dua kali dalam setahun. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|membaca latar belakang dan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai proses ini di blog Diff]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, ada kekutu perangkat lunak yang membuat masalah saat pengguna memakai tab halaman untuk pindah dari menyunting teks wiki ke penyunting VisualEditor pada sebuah bagian. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang merancang ulang REST API Sandbox Wikimedia dengan Codex. Jika Anda memiliki masukan tentang cara meningkatkan dokumentasi API atau hal-hal yang membuat pengalaman pengembang lebih mudah (atau justru menyulitkan), Anda diundang untuk [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm ikut serta dalam wawancara penjajakan yang akan datang], atau [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|menyampaikan masukan di wiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Penyuntingan alias di Wikidata (nama lain untuk sebuah butir atau properti) kini akan lebih jarang ditampilkan di Perubahan Terbaru dan Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain sehingga mengurangi pemberitahuan yang tidak perlu. Dengan demikian, jumlah entri yang dianggap "berisik" akan berkurang. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tidak mengalami perubahan. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * Versi baru [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] telah dirilis. [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Kumpulan data]] di Wikimedia Commons untuk [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] sudah diperbarui. Wikipedia yang tidak menggunakan kumpulan data dari Commons sebaiknya memperbarui data mereka sendiri atau beralih menggunakan kumpulan data dari Commons. * Pengguna titik akhir [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents kini dapat mengakses [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Tabel Terurai] (''Parsed Tables''). Fitur baru ini mengekstrak dan menyajikan tabel Wikipedia dalam bentuk JSON terstruktur. Hal ini meningkatkan keterbacaan oleh mesin sebagai bagian dari [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ inisiatif Structured Contents]. Hasil dari ''Structured Contents'' tersedia secara gratis melalui [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta API sesuai permintaan], atau melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia. * [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset Sekumpulan data berisi informasi biografi dari Wikipedia bahasa Inggris] yang disediakan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] telah diterbitkan di Kaggle untuk keperluan evaluasi dan penelitian. Data terstruktur ini mencakup lebih dari 1,5 juta biografi, termasuk tanggal lahir dan meninggal, riwayat pendidikan, afiliasi, karier, penghargaan, dan lain-lain (berdasarkan cuplikan data bulan Juni 2024). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Pendaftaran beasiswa]] Wikimania 2026 di Paris, Prancis, telah dibuka hingga 31 Oktober. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Séptémber 2025 17.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 Pada 24 September pukul 15.00 UTC], semua pengguna situs Wikimedia akan mengalami jeda singkat, di mana situs hanya dapat dibaca karena adanya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|pengalihan peladen pusat data]] yang terjadwal. Tim Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) dari Wikimedia Foundation akan mengalihkan seluruh lalu lintas dari peladen utama ke peladen cadangan. Anda dapat mendengarkan proses pengalihan ini melalui perkakas [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"], di mana selama beberapa menit suntingan akan berhenti saat fase hanya-baca, lalu akan kembali berlanjut. Pengalihan pusat data yang dilakukan dua kali setahun ini bertujuan menjaga keandalan dengan menguji pusat data cadangan, sehingga situs tetap dapat diakses meskipun pusat data utama mengalami gangguan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai proses ini dapat [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|dibaca di blog Diff]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting di [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 Wiktionary lainnya]] akan segera dapat memanggil [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|berbagai fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] dan menggunakannya di halaman mereka. Fungsi ini bekerja dengan menerima satu atau beberapa masukan lalu mengubahnya menjadi keluaran yang diinginkan, misalnya menjumlahkan angka, mengonversi mil ke meter, menghitung selisih waktu, atau mengubah kata sesuai bentuk kasusnya. Fitur tersebut merupakan kelanjutan dari [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary bahasa lain]] yang sudah lebih dulu memiliki akses terhadap pemanggilan Wikifunctions secara langsung. Pada akhir tahun ini, akses tersebut juga akan diperluas ke lebih banyak Wiktionary dan ke Incubator. * Sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|fungsi pengurai]] baru telah ditambahkan: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Penyunting templat dan pengurus dapat menggunakannya untuk menampilkan nama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|model konten]] sebuah halaman, baik dalam bentuk yang sudah diterjemahkan maupun dalam nama bakunya. Fungsi ini mempermudah pembuatan dan penyuntingan pesan sistem, seperti ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', bahkan ketika jenis halaman berganti, misalnya antarhalaman wiki, JavaScript, CSS, atau JSON. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Menambah atau menyunting <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> dalam sebuah artikel dengan menggunakan VisualEditor kini tidak lagi bermasalah. Penyunting yang menggunakan mode VisualEditor untuk mengubah <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> tidak akan melihat teks "DISPLAYTITLE" secara langsung, atau padanan katanya dalam bahasa lokal, yang ditambahkan ke artikelnya. Daftar halaman yang kemungkinan terdampak dan mungkin perlu diperbaiki telah didokumentasikan di [[phab:P83438|tiket ini]]. * Pengguna beta aplikasi Wikipedia di Android sekarang bisa mencoba tampilan baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|tab Aktivitas]], yang menggantikan tab Suntingan. Melalui tab ini, pengguna dapat melihat ringkasan pribadi seputar kegiatan membaca, menyunting, dan berdonasi, dengan navigasi yang lebih sederhana dan pengalaman aplikasi yang lebih menyenangkan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:12}} {{PLURAL:12|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Pengguna Wikifunctions kini dapat mengimpor berbagai data penting dari Wikidata, seperti nilai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|koordinat geografis]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|besaran]], dan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|waktu]]. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat penambahan jenis data khusus di Wikifunctions untuk nilai-nilai tersebut, sehingga dapat digunakan oleh fungsi-fungsi di dalam Wikifunctions. Untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut cara kerjanya, Anda dapat menonton [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|video penjelasan]] serta membaca nawala Wikifunctions [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|1 Agustus]] (tentang besaran) dan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|22 Agustus]] (tentang koordinat geografis). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 Séptémber 2025 22.54 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[phab:|Phabricator]] baru saja mendapatkan pembaruan besar. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kinerja, tampilan pencarian yang lebih segar, pencarian tugas di Maniphest yang lebih baik, pembaruan pada profil pengguna dan papan kerja proyek, fitur otomatisasi Herald yang diperluas, serta perbaikan umum pada kolom masukan teks, pengalaman di perangkat seluler, dan berbagai peningkatan lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Teknologi Komunitas (''Community Tech'') akan merilis ekstensi baru Community Wishlist pada 1 Oktober, yang akan meningkatkan cara pengajuan usulan. Ekstensi baru ini memungkinkan pengguna menambahkan tag atau penanda pada usulan mereka agar lebih mudah dikategorikan, dan (pada pengembangan berikutnya) dapat disaring berdasarkan status, tag, serta bidang fokus. Pengguna juga akan kembali dapat mendukung usulan tertentu, seperti yang telah banyak diminta komunitas. Sistem lama akan dihentikan. Akan ada jeda singkat saat ekstensi ini dipasang dan usulan dipindahkan ke sistem baru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dibaca pada [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|kabar terbaru]] atau melalui [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|dokumentasi yang tersedia di MediaWiki]]. * Sebagaimana diumumkan di [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|blog Diff]], uji coba layanan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] untuk deteksi bot kini telah dimulai. Dalam uji coba ini, hCaptcha digunakan untuk melindungi proses pembuatan akun di Wikipedia bahasa Tionghoa, Persia, Portugis, Indonesia, Jepang, dan Turki, menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] lama (FancyCaptcha). Uji coba ini bertujuan meningkatkan efektivitas pemblokiran bot sekaligus memberikan pengalaman yang lebih mudah diakses dan ramah bagi pengguna yang harus menyelesaikan tantangan CAPTCHA. * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] telah diterapkan di Wikimedia Commons. Ekstensi ini memudahkan penyelenggaraan dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan kolaboratif, seperti maraton menyunting (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki di berbagai wiki. Di Commons, setiap pengguna terdaftar dapat menggunakannya sebagai peserta acara. Namun, untuk berperan sebagai penyelenggara, seseorang perlu memiliki [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|hak sebagai penyelenggara acara]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], fitur baru untuk menggunakan ulang referensi dengan detail yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. Fitur ini dapat [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|diuji di testwiki]] dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Silakan bagikan pendapat Anda mengenai [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|penggunaan templat dalam subreferensi]] atau [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|bergabung menjadi wiki uji coba]]. * Di wiki yang menggunakan sistem [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]], komunitas kini dapat mengecualikan penyunting berpengalaman dari program Mentorship melalui [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Dalam pengaturan ini, komunitas dapat menentukan batasan berdasarkan jumlah suntingan dan usia akun untuk menetapkan kapan seorang penyunting dianggap cukup berpengalaman sehingga tidak lagi menerima pendampingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * Tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') dan tim Pembelajaran Mesin (''Machine Learning'') sedang mengembangkan pemeriksaan baru untuk penyunting baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Pemeriksa Nada Bahasa]]. Dengan menggunakan model prediksi berbasis kecerdasan buatan, pemeriksaan ini akan mendorong penyunting memperbaiki nada tulisan mereka. Kami mengundang sukarelawan untuk meninjau versi pertama dari model bahasa nada bahasa dalam bahasa-bahasa berikut: Arab, Ceko, Jerman, Ibrani, Indonesia, Belanda, Polandia, Rusia, Turki, Tionghoa, Persia, Italia, Norwegia, Rumania, dan Latvia. Pengguna dari wiki-wiki tersebut yang berminat meninjau model ini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|mendaftar di MediaWiki.org]]. Batas waktu pendaftaran adalah 3 Oktober, yang juga menjadi tanggal dimulainya uji coba. * Penerapan [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|pemblokiran simultan]] (''multiblocks'') menyebabkan efek samping, di mana log pemblokiran yang sudah tidak aktif mungkin muncul di {{#special:Contributions}} serta di halaman pengguna dan halaman diskusi pengguna yang diblokir. Masalah ini diperkirakan akan selesai sepenuhnya dalam beberapa hari ke depan. Sebagai bagian dari perbaikan, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} pesan dengan awalan <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] akan dihapus dan diganti dengan [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} pesan berawalan <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] dalam beberapa pekan ke depan. Mohon bantuannya untuk menerjemahkan pesan-pesan baru ini dan memperbarui pengaturan lokal jika diperlukan. * Telah ditemukan kekutu pada pranala yang dibuat menggunakan penyunting visual jika mengandung karakter seperti <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> setelah penunjuk bagian (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). Pranala tersebut tidak dikodekan dengan benar sehingga menghasilkan pranala yang salah. Masalah ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * Sebuah wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/id}} dalam [[d:Q9237|bahasa Melayu]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|Kartu Info Pengguna]] kini menampilkan pemblokiran atau penguncian global yang sedang aktif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada akhir pekan ini, penyunting yang memakai modul Lua akan dapat menggunakan fungsi <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> untuk memeriksa keberadaan hingga 25 halaman sekaligus, tanpa menambah beban [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|fungsi yang memakan sumber daya]] (''expensive function'') lebih dari sekali. * Sebuah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] (''Unsupported Tools Working Group'') baru telah dibentuk sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk menentukan prioritas pekerjaan teknis secara kolektif, mirip dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk & Teknologi]] (PTAC). Kelompok kerja ini akan membantu memprioritaskan dan meninjau permintaan dukungan untuk ekstensi, gawai, bot, dan perkakas yang tidak lagi dipelihara. Pada siklus pertama, kelompok ini akan memprioritaskan sebuah perkakas Wikimedia Commons yang tidak didukung. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Séptémber 2025 20.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Pemeriksa Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') merupakan fitur baru dalam Pemeriksa Suntingan yang membantu mencegah dan menanggulangi pelanggaran hak cipta. Saat penyunting menempelkan teks ke dalam artikel, Pemeriksa Tempel akan meminta mereka untuk mengonfirmasi sumber dan lisensi dari isi tersebut. Mulai Rabu, 8 Oktober, [[phab:T403680|sebanyak 22 wiki akan menguji fitur ini]]. Pemeriksa Tempel akan membantu para sukarelawan baru memahami serta mengikuti kebijakan dan pedoman yang diperlukan untuk memberikan kontribusi yang bermanfaat bagi proyek-proyek Wikipedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Perangkat seluler kini akan menerima artikel versi seluler langsung melalui domain standar (misalnya <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), tanpa pengalihan ke domain "m" (seperti <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Perubahan ini meningkatkan kinerja akses. Pada pekan ini, fitur tersebut akan diaktifkan di seluruh Wikipedia. Alamat URL seluler yang sudah ada dan opsi "Tampilan desktop" tetap tersedia. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|Penyaring tanggal]] baru, yaitu <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> dan <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, kini tersedia di mesin pencari wiki. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyaring hasil pencarian berdasarkan tanggal suntingan pertama atau terakhir suatu halaman. Penyaring ini mendukung operator perbandingan (misalnya <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) dan tanggal relatif (misalnya <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>) sehingga memudahkan pengguna menemukan konten yang baru diperbarui atau halaman dalam rentang waktu tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] kini mendukung teks berformat (''rich text'') dalam pemanggilan tertanam di 150 wiki tempat fitur ini telah diaktifkan. Untuk menunjukkan kemampuannya, tim membuat [[f:Z26333|tabel deklinasi Latin]] yang dapat digunakan oleh para penyunting Wiktionary untuk secara otomatis menghasilkan bentuk kata benda dengan hasil yang jelas dan terformat; lihat [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|contoh hasilnya]]. Jika memerlukan bantuan atau ingin memberikan masukan, silakan hubungi [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|Tim Wikifunctions]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * Pranala sunting kini akan muncul di dalam kotak kategori pada halaman artikel bagi pengguna yang masuk log. Pranala ini akan langsung membuka dialog kategori di VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pekan lalu sempat terjadi masalah saat mengunduh berkas PDF, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kolom <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> pada tabel basis data ''revision'' akan dihapus dan digantikan dengan kolom <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> pada tabel basis data ''content''. Lihat [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ pengumumannya] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Pengalaman Pembaca]] (''Reader Experience'') akan menerapkan antarmuka Mode Gelap di seluruh situs Wikimedia mulai 29 Oktober 2025. Nantinya, semua pengguna anonim dapat memilih tampilan dengan teks terang di atas latar belakang gelap. Fitur ini dibuat untuk memberikan pengalaman membaca yang lebih nyaman, terutama saat berada di lingkungan dengan pencahayaan redup. Pembuat templat dan kontributor teknis diimbau [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|mempelajari cara menyesuaikan halaman agar mendukung Mode Gelap]] serta memperbaiki masalah kesesuaian pada templat di wiki masing-masing sebelum fitur ini diaktifkan. Untuk pertanyaan atau bantuan, silakan menghubungi Tim Web melalui [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|halaman pembicaraan]] sebelum peluncuran. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Mulai Senin, 6 Oktober, titik akhir API di bawah jalur <code>rest.php</code> akan dialihkan melalui ''API Gateway'' internal yang baru. Pembaruan akan dilakukan secara bertahap pada setiap wiki sesuai dengan kelompok rilis standar, dan peningkatan lalu lintas akan dilakukan secara bertahap pula. Perubahan ini diperkirakan tidak akan menimbulkan gangguan atau ketidakcocokan. Jika ditemukan masalah, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator ke [[phab:tag/serviceops/|papan proyek tim Operasi Layanan (''Service Ops'')]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Oktober 2025 17.22 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pada pekan lalu, sistem keamanan akun dan fitur autentikasi dua langkah (2FA) telah diperbarui di seluruh wiki. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan tampilan pada halaman [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], dukungan untuk lebih dari satu metode 2FA melalui aplikasi autentikator dan kunci keamanan portabel (sebelumnya hanya satu metode yang bisa digunakan), serta penambahan modul ''Recovery Codes'' yang membantu mencegah akun terkunci saat pengguna kehilangan aplikasi atau perangkat autentikasi dua langkahnya. Sebagai bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|keamanan akun]], pengembangan akan terus berlanjut hingga akhir tahun 2025 untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna dan menambahkan dukungan ''passkey'' sebagai faktor kedua alternatif. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Bagian lain dari proyek keamanan akun adalah menyediakan fitur autentikasi dua langkah (2FA) untuk semua pengguna. Selain penyunting dengan hak istimewa lanjutan, seperti pengurus dan birokrat, kini 40% penyunting sudah dapat mengakses fitur 2FA. Anda dapat memeriksa apakah Anda memiliki akses melalui halaman [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Petunjuk untuk mengaktifkannya tersedia di halaman tersebut. Rencananya, ketersediaan fitur ini akan terus diperluas apabila dinilai bahwa dukungan bagi pengguna sudah memadai untuk penerapan secara global. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * Minggu ini, pengguna di wiki yang telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Peningkatan Kemudahan Penggunaan]] halaman pembicaraan sebagai pengaturan standar (kecuali 12 wiki yang tercantum di [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) akan mendapatkan fitur baru untuk memberikan ucapan terima kasih langsung pada komentar di halaman pembicaraan. Sebelumnya, pengguna hanya dapat memberikan ucapan terima kasih melalui riwayat suntingan halaman pembicaraan. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang perubahan ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Pengguna yang belum [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|memverifikasi alamat surel]] akan segera menerima pengingat setiap bulan untuk melakukannya. Verifikasi surel merupakan hal penting karena memudahkan proses pemulihan akun. Pengingat ini tidak akan dikirim kepada pengguna yang tidak aktif atau yang telah menghapus alamat surel yang belum diverifikasi dari akunnya. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, perbaikan telah dilakukan terhadap kesalahan yang kadang terjadi saat menyimpan paragraf terjemahan di perkakas Terjemahan Konten (''Content Translation''), dan pesan kesalahan yang terkait kini ditampilkan dengan lebih jelas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung telah memilih [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] sebagai perkakas pertama untuk siklus percobaannya. Dalam beberapa bulan mendatang, kelompok ini akan meninjau cara untuk meningkatkan dan menjaga keberlanjutan perkakas tersebut. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Oktober 2025 18.58 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyimpanan data pengguna dalam basis data, preferensi yang tersimpan dari pengguna yang tidak masuk log selama lebih dari lima tahun dan memiliki kurang dari 100 suntingan akan dihapus. Saat pengguna tersebut kembali, pengaturan standar akan diberlakukan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pranala yang rusak dari pesan antarmuka GlobalContributions menuju halaman XTools GlobalContributions telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Proses pengalihan seluruh lalu lintas ke titik akhir API di bawah jalur <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> melalui gerbang API umum telah selesai. Jika ditemukan masalah, harap ajukan tiket Phabricator ke [[phab:tag/serviceops/|papan tim Operasi Layanan]]. * Suntingan pada referensi atau penjelas di Wikidata kini akan lebih jarang ditampilkan dalam entri Perubahan Terbaru dan Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain, guna mengurangi notifikasi yang tidak perlu. Hal ini akan mengurangi jumlah entri yang dianggap mengganggu. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 Oktober 2025 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS sedang menguji fitur baru bernama "Tab yang Lebih Dinamis" untuk beberapa wilayah dan bahasa tertentu. Uji coba ini merupakan bagian dari pengembangan tampilan tab yang lebih interaktif, dan mencakup rekomendasi artikel seperti "Tahukah Anda" dan "Karena Anda Membaca". Informasi lebih lanjut [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|tersedia di halaman proyeknya]]. * Pengguna terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') di wiki [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|berukuran kecil]] dan [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|menengah]] yang menggunakan ekstensi CampaignEvents kini dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] tanpa perlu memiliki hak sebagai Penyelenggara Acara (''Event Organizer''). Fitur ini memungkinkan penyelenggara untuk mengaktifkan pendaftaran, mengelola peserta, dan memudahkan pengguna untuk mendaftar hanya dengan satu klik, tanpa perlu menandatangani halaman acara secara manual. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah warna yang berkedip saat menahan atau menekan tombol panah dalam pengaturan mode gelap pada tampilan Vector 2022 telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Ekstensi CampaignEvents akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki yang tersisa pada pekan 17 November 2025. Saat ini, ekstensi tersebut mencakup tiga fitur utama: Pendaftaran Acara, Daftar Kolaborasi, dan Daftar Undangan. Dalam peluncuran kali ini, fitur Daftar Undangan tidak akan diaktifkan di Wikifunctions dan MediaWiki, kecuali jika diminta langsung oleh komunitas masing-masing. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|kunjungi halaman peluncurannya]]. * Pengalaman bak pasir REST berbasis SwaggerUI kini telah tersedia di semua proyek wiki. Fitur ini dapat diakses melalui halaman [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]]. Jika Anda menemukan masalah, silakan laporkan ke papan tim MediaWiki Interfaces, atau bergabung dalam diskusi di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|halaman peluncuran proyek]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Titik akhir ''transform'' pada REST API MediaWiki yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir jalur URL (''trailing slash'') kini telah dinyatakan usang. Meskipun masih dapat digunakan untuk sementara waktu, fitur ini direncanakan akan dihentikan sepenuhnya pada akhir Januari 2026. Pengguna API yang masih menggunakan versi dengan garis miring di akhir disarankan untuk segera beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring. Kedua versi titik akhir itu dapat ditemukan dan diuji melalui halaman [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai kebijakan penghentian API dan langkah-langkah yang berlaku, silakan kunjungi halaman [[mw:API/Deprecation|Penghentian REST API MediaWiki]]. * Kini tersedia [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|halaman log perubahan khusus untuk REST API MediaWiki]]. Halaman ini merangkum berbagai pembaruan yang dilakukan sehingga memudahkan pengembang untuk mengikuti perkembangan fitur dan perbaikan yang diterapkan. Pengumuman pembaruan tetap akan disampaikan melalui saluran komunikasi resmi seperti Berita Teknis dan milis. Namun, informasi tersebut juga dapat diakses dengan lebih praktis melalui satu halaman pusat. Jika Anda memiliki masukan mengenai gaya penulisan, struktur, atau isi log perubahan ini, silakan [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|bergabung dalam diskusi]] yang tersedia. * Para pengurus kini dapat menghapus kategori pelacak yang sebelumnya ditambahkan oleh ekstensi JsonConfig karena kategori tersebut sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Daftar kategori terkait dapat dilihat melalui pranala ke [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. Jika masih ada halaman yang tercantum dalam kategori tersebut, tidak masalah. Hal itu merupakan akibat dari sistem tembolok, dan daftar tersebut akan diperbarui secara otomatis saat setiap halaman disunting kembali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Oktober 2025 19.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus kini akan menemukan bahwa halaman [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] menjadi jauh lebih fleksibel dalam proses penggabungan. Sekarang, pengurus dapat menggabungkan bagian tertentu dari tengah riwayat halaman sumber (bukan hanya dari awal), dan dapat menempatkan revisi tersebut di bagian mana pun dalam riwayat halaman tujuan (bukan hanya di awal). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * Bagi pengguna yang mengaktifkan "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" di [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|preferensi mereka]], memulai topik baru atau menambahkan balasan ke topik yang sudah ada kini akan otomatis membuat mereka berlangganan balasan pada topik tersebut. Sebelumnya, hal ini hanya terjadi jika pengguna memakai fitur "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" atau "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" dari fitur DiscussionTools. Ketika DiscussionTools pertama kali diluncurkan, akun yang sudah ada sebelumnya tidak otomatis diikutsertakan dalam langganan topik otomatis, sehingga perubahan ini terutama akan berpengaruh pada akun-akun baru dan pengguna yang sejak saat itu secara sengaja mengubah pengaturannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Modul Scribunto kini dapat digunakan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|membuat gambar berformat SVG]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pembuatan bagan, grafik, dan visualisasi lainnya secara dinamis melalui bahasa Lua, sehingga tidak perlu lagi membuatnya di luar wiki dan mengunggahnya sebagai berkas terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Situs-situs Wikimedia kini menyediakan pilihan bagi semua pengguna anonim untuk mengaktifkan mode gelap, yang menampilkan teks berwarna terang di atas latar belakang gelap. Peningkatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengalaman membaca yang lebih nyaman, terutama di lingkungan dengan pencahayaan redup. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Pengguna dengan daftar pantauan yang sangat besar selama ini sering mengalami kegagalan saat mengakses halaman [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. Kini, halaman tersebut memuat entri dalam bagian-bagian kecil secara bertahap berkat pembaruan sistem pemuatan halaman, sehingga semua pengguna dapat menyunting daftar pantauannya dengan lebih lancar. Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan basis data, fitur pengurutan berdasarkan masa kedaluwarsa akan dihapus karena prosesnya lebih dari 100 kali lebih lambat dibandingkan pengurutan berdasarkan judul. Sebuah [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 usulan komunitas] telah dibuat untuk mencari cara alternatif mengembalikan fitur pengurutan berdasarkan masa kedaluwarsa. Jika fitur ini penting bagi Anda, silakan dukung usulan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, perbaikan terhadap masalah penyorotan yang tetap muncul saat menggunakan fitur pencarian dan penggantian di VisualEditor selama pencarian berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sejak tahun 2019, layanan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Pemendek URL Wikimedia]] di https://w.wiki tersedia untuk semua wiki Wikimedia guna membuat pranala pendek ke artikel, pranala permanen, perbedaan revisi, dan sebagainya. Fitur ini dapat diakses melalui bilah sisi dengan nama "Dapatkan URL pendek". Ada sekitar 30 wiki yang masih menggunakan ekstensi lama bernama "ShortUrl", dan ekstensi tersebut akan segera dihapus. Artinya, URL dengan format <code>/s/</code> tidak lagi akan ditampilkan di bawah judul artikel melalui elemen HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. Namun, pranala <code>/s/</code> yang sudah ada akan tetap berfungsi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * Pada Kamis, 30 Oktober, tim [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|Antarmuka MediaWiki]] dan tim [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Operasi Layanan SRE]] mulai mengalihkan lalu lintas ''Action API'' melalui gerbang API bersama. Setiap wiki akan diperbarui secara bertahap sesuai dengan kelompok rilis standar, dan volume lalu lintas akan ditingkatkan sedikit demi sedikit. Perubahan ini diperkirakan tidak akan menyebabkan gangguan atau kerusakan fungsi. Jika ditemukan masalah, harap buat tiket di Phabricator pada papan tim [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops]. * Penerapan pembaruan ''MediaWiki Train'' akan dihentikan sementara selama dua pekan terakhir 2025, yaitu pada 22 dan 29 Desember. Periode ''backport'' juga akan dihentikan sementara mulai Senin, 22 Desember 2025, hingga Kamis, 2 Januari 2026. Periode ''backport'' adalah waktu yang dijadwalkan untuk menambahkan pembaruan seperti perbaikan kekutu dan perubahan konfigurasi. Masih terdapat tujuh jadwal penerapan yang tersisa untuk tahun 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Pada tahun 2025, Wikimedia Foundation melaporkan bahwa sistem kecerdasan buatan (AI) dan mesin pencari semakin banyak menggunakan konten Wikipedia tanpa mengarahkan pengguna untuk mengunjungi situsnya. Hal ini berkontribusi pada penurunan 8% jumlah penayangan halaman oleh pengguna manusia dibandingkan tahun 2024. Setelah mendeteksi keberadaan bot yang menyamar sebagai pengguna manusia, Wikimedia memperbarui data lalu lintasnya untuk mencerminkan perubahan tersebut. Baca lebih lanjut tentang tren penggunaan terkini di Wikipedia melalui [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|artikel di blog Diff]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Nopémber 2025 19.33 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Tangkapan layar peningkatan tampilan yang diterapkan pada halaman pembicaraan|Contoh halaman pembicaraan dengan desain baru, dalam bahasa Prancis.]] * Mulai 12 November, pengguna akan melihat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|perubahan tampilan pada halaman pembicaraan]] di [[Phab:T379264|beberapa Wikipedia]]. Hampir [[phab:T392121|semua wiki]] telah menerima pembaruan desain ini. [[phab:T409297|Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]] akan mendapatkannya nanti. Informasi selengkapnya dapat dibaca [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|di situs Diff]]. Pengguna dapat menonaktifkan perubahan ini melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|preferensi pengguna]] di bagian "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki kini dapat menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|penanda (indikator) halaman]] secara otomatis ketika suatu halaman dilindungi. Fitur ini dinonaktifkan secara bawaan, tetapi dapat diaktifkan atas [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|permintaan komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Tombol "{{int:showpreview}}" dan "{{int:showdiff}}" pada penyunting teks wiki kini dapat mempertahankan beberapa parameter URL seperti "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]", "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]", dan "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]". Pembaruan ini juga memperbaiki masalah yang sebelumnya menyebabkan seluruh isi halaman dapat tertimpa oleh satu bagian saja apabila peramban mengalami gangguan saat pengguna meninjau pratayang suntingan pada bagian tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wiki Wikivoyage kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|penanda peta berwarna dalam teks artikel]]. Teks pada penanda tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan dalam warna hitam atau putih yang kontras, bukan selalu berwarna putih. Solusi lokal yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah ini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * Tab Aktivitas di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android kini tersedia bagi semua pengguna. Tab baru ini menampilkan wawasan yang dipersonalisasi tentang aktivitas membaca, menyunting, dan berdonasi, sekaligus memudahkan navigasi serta membuat penggunaan aplikasi menjadi lebih menarik. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca (''Reader Growth'') meluncurkan percobaan bernama "Penjelajahan gambar" untuk menguji cara memudahkan pembaca menelusuri dan menemukan gambar dalam artikel Wikipedia. Percobaan ini merupakan uji A/B yang hanya tersedia di perangkat seluler. Uji coba akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada pekan 17 November dan berlangsung selama empat minggu, dengan mencakup 0,05% pengguna di wiki tersebut. Uji coba ini telah dimulai pada 3 November di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tionghoa, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam, dengan mencakup hingga 10% pengguna di setiap wiki tersebut. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan akun tidak dapat dikunci melalui situs seluler kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Pencalonan anggota baru]] [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|komite standar Toolforge]] kini dibuka di Wikitech. Komite ini mengawasi [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|kebijakan hak untuk mencabangkan Toolforge]] dan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|kebijakan perkakas yang telantar]], serta sejumlah tugas lainnya. Masa pencalonan akan dibuka hingga 28 November 2025. * [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|Kolom penerbit JWT]] dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|token akses OAuth 2]] untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|wiki SUL]] telah diubah menjadi <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Token akses lama tetap dapat digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|Kolom subjek JWT]] dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|token akses OAuth 2]] akan segera diubah dari <code><user id></code> menjadi <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, di mana <code><identity type></code> biasanya berupa <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|wiki SUL]]) atau <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (untuk wiki lainnya). Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk menghindari benturan antara berbagai jenis ID pengguna dan untuk membuat token akses OAuth 2 lebih selaras dengan kuki <code>sessionJwt</code>. Token akses lama tetap dapat digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * Pesan pemblokiran MediaWiki ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) kini mendukung parameter tambahan yang menunjukkan apakah pengguna diblokir untuk menyunting halaman pembicaraan pengguna miliknya sendiri (<code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code>) atau untuk mengirim surel kepada pengguna lain (<code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * Cabang <code>REL1_45</code> untuk inti MediaWiki serta setiap ekstensi dan kulit di repositori git Wikimedia telah dibuat. Ini merupakan langkah pertama dalam proses rilis MediaWiki 1.45.0 yang dijadwalkan pada akhir November 2025. Jika sedang mengerjakan perbaikan bug penting atau fitur baru, Anda perlu memperhatikan perubahan ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * Proses pembuatan timbunan (''dump'') CirrusSearch telah diperbarui karena penurunan kinerja. Jika Anda mengalami kendala saat beralih ke timbunan pengganti, silakan menghubungi Tim Platform Pencarian untuk mendapatkan bantuan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Nopémber 2025 20.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menguji fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|daftar bacaan di versi web Wikipedia]] untuk perangkat seluler. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum pernah menyunting artikel, untuk menyimpan daftar artikel secara pribadi dan membacanya nanti. Uji coba ini telah berlangsung sejak pekan 10 November di Wikipedia berbahasa Arab, Mandarin, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam. Rencananya, fitur ini akan mulai diuji di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada pekan 17 November. * Pengguna yang tidak menerima kode verifikasi melalui surel saat masuk kini dapat meminta bantuan dengan mengisi formulir di halaman khusus yang baru tersedia. Pembaruan ini merupakan bagian dari inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. Jika akun Anda memiliki alamat surel, pastikan Anda masih dapat mengaksesnya. Saat masuk dari perangkat atau lokasi baru tanpa menggunakan verifikasi dua langkah (2FA), Anda mungkin diminta untuk memasukkan kode enam digit yang dikirimkan melalui surel agar proses masuk log dapat diselesaikan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Sebuah wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} dalam [[d:Q13324|bahasa Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari proyek Penyatuan Pengurai (''Parser Unification''), tim Transformasi Konten (''Content Transform team'') telah menerapkan Parsoid sebagai pengurai bawaan di berbagai Wikipedia dengan lalu lintas rendah. Saat ini, mereka sedang mempersiapkan langkah berikutnya untuk menerapkannya di Wikipedia dengan lalu lintas tinggi. Pesan ini merupakan undangan bagi Anda untuk mulai menggunakan Parsoid, sesuai dengan panduan yang dijelaskan dalam dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]]. Anda juga diharapkan untuk mengidentifikasi kendala atau masalah yang mungkin muncul dalam alur kerja Anda, terutama jika menggunakan bot, gawai (''gadget''), atau skrip pengguna. Silakan laporkan temuan Anda melalui pranala "Laporkan Kekutu Visual" (''"Report Visual Bug"'') yang tersedia di bilah sisi bagian Perkakas, atau buat tiket di Phabricator dan tandai [[phab:project/view/5846|tim Transformasi Konten dalam laporan tersebut]]. * Perkakas yang belum didukung: Beberapa masalah pada [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] telah diperbaiki, termasuk kegagalan unggah yang berhubungan dengan nama berkas, impor video yang tampil hitam, dan penanganan ulang (''retry handling''). Dukungan untuk format AV1 juga telah ditambahkan. Saat ini, pengembangan masih berlanjut dengan fokus pada kestabilan sistem belakang (''backend''), kesalahan pemrosesan ffmpeg, impor takarir, pengelolaan data tambahan, dan unggahan daftar putar. Untuk memantau tugas-tugas tertentu, silakan lihat [[phab:tag/video2commons/|papan tugas di Phabricator]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Catat tanggalnya! Wikimedia Hackathon akan berlangsung di Milan, Italia, pada 1–3 Mei 2026. Pendaftaran akan dibuka mulai Januari 2026. Saat ini, [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ pengajuan beasiswa sudah dibuka] dan akan ditutup pada 28 November 2025. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan, silakan hubungi melalui surel <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Nopémber 2025 17.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Tim Pencarian Wikimedia]] membuat ulang fungsi perkakas "DWIM" (''Do What I Mean'') di sisi peladen yang dikhususkan untuk Wikipedia bahasa Rusia dan Ibrani. Fitur ini menambahkan saran lintas papan ketik ke dalam saran kotak pencarian biasa. Misalnya, jika seseorang mencari kata ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' di Wikipedia Rusia, sistem akan menampilkan saran ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("kebahagiaan") yang mungkin sedang dicari oleh pengguna. Mereka berencana mengaktifkan fitur ini untuk wiki berbahasa Rusia dan Ibrani lainnya pada minggu ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" akan bisa melihat penyorotan sintaks di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. Untuk menggunakannya, pengaturan "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" harus diaktifkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi Campaign events]], yaitu kumpulan perkakas untuk mengoordinasikan acara dan kerja sama di wiki, sekarang sudah tersedia di semua wiki Wikimedia. Fitur baru bernama [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Kontribusi bersama]] (''Collaborative contribution'') juga ditambahkan untuk membantu penyelenggara dan peserta melihat dampak dari kegiatannya. Ikuti [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|sesi pembelajaran]] mendatang untuk melihat cara kerja fitur ini dan memberikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang menyebabkan CodeReviewBot tidak berfungsi sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengguna Wikimedia API dapat ikut serta dalam studi penggunaan untuk membantu menguji desain baru bak pasir REST API Wikimedia. Peserta yang berminat perlu mengisi [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 survei perekrutan]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan menghentikan penggunaan stylesheet XSLT di dalam Action API. Dukungan untuk <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> akan dihapus dari proyek Wikimedia pada akhir November 2025. Selain itu, fitur ini akan segera dinonaktifkan secara bawaan di versi rilis MediaWiki berikut: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, dan v1.45. Dukungan untuk stylesheet XSLT akan dihapus sepenuhnya pada MediaWiki v1.46 (diperkirakan rilis antara April–Mei 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * Titik akhir lama WDQS ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) akan dihentikan pada akhir Desember 2025, dan ditutup sepenuhnya pada 7 Januari 2026. Setelah tanggal tersebut, permintaan ke query.wikidata.org yang membutuhkan graf penuh akan gagal, atau menghasilkan hasil tidak valid, jika tidak ditulis ulang menggunakan federasi SPARQL. Tim juga mendorong pengguna untuk memastikan bahwa perkakas dan alur kerja memakai titik akhir WDQS yang didukung (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> – Graf utama, atau <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> – Graf naskah ilmiah). Untuk bantuan migrasi, silakan lihat halaman [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Akses data]] dan [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Permintaan kueri]] untuk detail serta cara akses alternatif. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Nopémber 2025 15.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025 (''Wikipedia Year in Review 2025'') akan tersedia pada 2 Desember bagi pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS dan Android. Fitur ini menampilkan wawasan baru yang dipersonalisasi, sorotan bacaan yang diperbarui, dan tampilan desain yang disegarkan. Informasi selengkapnya dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|halaman proyek]] tersebut. * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang mengupayakan perbaikan pada teks dan tampilan surel verifikasi yang dikirim kepada pengguna baru agar lebih ramah, bermanfaat, dan informatif. Sejumlah teks baru telah disiapkan untuk uji coba A/B, dan Anda dapat membantu dengan menerjemahkannya. Lihat [[phab:T396155|di Phabricator]]. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan Pranala]] (''Add a link'') akan mulai diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Jepang, Urdu, dan Tionghoa pada 2 Desember. Fitur ini bekerja menggunakan model prediksi yang menyarankan pranala untuk ditambahkan ke dalam sebuah artikel. Meskipun fitur ini sudah tersedia di sebagian besar Wikipedia, sebelumnya model prediksi tersebut belum dapat mendukung beberapa bahasa tertentu. Kini, model baru telah dikembangkan untuk menangani bahasa-bahasa tersebut dan akan diterapkan secara bertahap di Wikipedia lainnya. Jika ingin mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut, silakan menghubungi [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, masalah pada kotak pencarian di beberapa halaman Commons yang sebelumnya tidak menampilkan hasil akibat peralihan dari SpecialSearch ke MediaSearch, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q36846|bahasa Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} dalam [[d:Q33655|bahasa Pidgin Nigeria]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Foundation saat ini berada pada tahap awal dalam mengeksplorasi pendekatan panduan penulisan artikel. Inisiatif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah yang dapat membantu penyunting baru memahami dan menerapkan praktik serta kebijakan Wikipedia yang telah ada dengan lebih mudah saat membuat artikel. Proyek ini masih berada pada tahap eksplorasi dan perancangan awal uji coba. Seluruh anggota komunitas dianjurkan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|mempelajari lebih lanjut]] mengenai proyek ini dan menyampaikan pendapatnya melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan]].</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Désémber 2025 18.57 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Siapa pun yang ingin mengamankan akun penggunanya kini dapat menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Fitur ini tersedia bagi seluruh pengguna terdaftar di semua proyek Wikimedia. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. Ke depannya, 2FA akan diwajibkan bagi semua pengguna yang memiliki kewenangan untuk melakukan tindakan yang berkaitan dengan keamanan atau privasi. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Setelah penerapan pekan lalu, fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan pranala]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan pranala yang disarankan saat menyunting, akan tersedia di [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedia]] lainnya, mulai 9 Desember. Perluasan ini dimungkinkan berkat model prediksi baru yang kini mendukung semua bahasa, termasuk bahasa-bahasa yang sebelumnya belum tercakup. Meskipun fitur ini telah tersedia di sebagian besar Wikipedia selama beberapa waktu, peluncuran ini membawa penggunaan model yang telah ditingkatkan semakin mendekati penerapan di seluruh Wikipedia. Jika ada pertanyaan atau memerlukan keterangan lebih lanjut, silakan menghubungi [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Tim Pencarian Wikimedia]] menambahkan saran pencarian dengan transliterasi saat mengetik di wiki berbahasa Georgia. Jika hanya tersedia sedikit saran pencarian biasa, maka kueri dalam aksara Latin atau Sirilik kini [[phab:T127003|akan diubah terlebih dahulu ke dalam aksara Georgia]] untuk mencari lebih banyak kecocokan. Sebagai contoh, pencarian dengan kata <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> atau <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> sekarang akan menampilkan saran artikel yang sudah ada tentang <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("kebahagiaan"). Anda juga dapat merekomendasikan bahasa lain yang menurut Anda akan memperoleh manfaat dari fitur saran dengan transliterasi [[phab:T375215|melalui Phabricator]] untuk pengembangan selanjutnya. * Pada akhir pekan ini, sebuah uji coba terkendali akan dimulai bagi para penyunting di 100 Wikipedia terbesar yang sedang menyunting bagian artikel melalui penyunting visual di web seluler. Sebanyak 50% dari para penyunting tersebut akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman" yang memungkinkan mereka memperluas sesi penyuntingan ke seluruh halaman. Fitur ini dimaksudkan untuk mempermudah pengguna web seluler dalam menyunting bagian mana pun dari sebuah artikel, tanpa bergantung pada ikon sunting bagian mana yang mereka ketuk untuk memulai. Uji coba ini akan berlangsung sekitar empat pekan. [[phab:T409112|Keterangan lebih lanjut]] mengenai proyek ini dapat ditemukan pada halaman terkait. * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] akan meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|uji coba di web seluler]] untuk menampilkan seluruh bagian artikel dalam keadaan terbuka secara bawaan (yang saat ini masih ditampilkan dalam keadaan menciut), dan menahan judul bagian yang sedang dibaca pengguna agar tetap berada di bagian atas halaman. Uji coba ini akan memengaruhi 10% pengguna di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tionghoa, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025]] (''Wikipedia Year in Review 2025''), sebuah fitur di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia (iOS dan Android) yang menyajikan ringkasan personal tentang aktivitas pengguna di Wikipedia sepanjang tahun, kini telah tersedia di aplikasi iOS dan Android. Edisi kali ini menghadirkan wawasan personal yang diperluas, sorotan bacaan yang ditingkatkan, pesan baru untuk para donatur, serta pembaruan pada desain tampilan. Buka aplikasi untuk melihat Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025 Anda dan jelajahi kembali perjalanan membaca Anda sepanjang tahun 2025. * Sebuah gangguan perangkat lunak yang terjadi baru-baru ini menyebabkan suntingan yang dibuat dengan VisualEditor menimbulkan perubahan yang tidak disengaja pada teks wiki, termasuk penghapusan spasi dan penggantian spasi menjadi garis bawah pada pranala wiki di dalam pengutipan/sitasi. Masalah ini telah diperbaiki sebagian pada pekan lalu, dan perbaikan lanjutan masih terus dilakukan. Para penyunting yang menggunakan VisualEditor antara 28 November hingga 2 Desember diminta untuk meninjau kembali suntingan mereka guna memastikan tidak ada perubahan yang tidak diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, penanganan alamat URL yang sebelumnya keliru saat disalin dari bilah alamat peramban Microsoft Edge kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting untuk model konten Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON, dan Vue, menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Seiring dengan perubahan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|perkakas pemeriksa kesalahan pengodean]] (''linter'') juga akan ditingkatkan. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk secara bertahap menggantikan CodeEditor dan menyediakan pengalaman penyuntingan kode yang lebih konsisten. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Para pengembang diimbau untuk mengisi [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 Survei Kepuasan Pengembang 2025], yang masih dibuka hingga 5 Januari 2026. Jika Anda mengembangkan perangkat lunak untuk ekosistem Wikimedia dan ingin berbagi pengalaman atau masukan, partisipasi Anda akan sangat dihargai. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">There is no new MediaWiki version this week.</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Désémber 2025 17.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, salah satu perbaikan mengatasi kendala pada akun sementara ketika menambahkan URL eksternal, yang sebelumnya terlalu sering memicu permintaan hCaptcha dan tidak menampilkan jendela sembul (''pop-up'') yang semestinya pada upaya pertama untuk menerbitkan suntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Untuk meningkatkan kinerja basis data dan situs, pranala luar menuju proyek-proyek Wikimedia tidak lagi disimpan di dalam basis data. Dampaknya, pranala tersebut tidak akan dapat dicari di [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], tidak akan diperiksa sebagai pranala baru oleh Spam Blacklist atau AbuseFilter, serta tidak akan tercatat dalam tabel <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> pada replika basis data. Ke depannya, kebijakan ini dapat diperluas (per wiki) ke situs tepercaya lain yang sangat sering ditautkan, seperti pranala Creative Commons di Wikimedia Commons.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Désémber 2025 19.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai Januari, penyaring suntingan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|dapat diatur]] untuk secara otomatis menyembunyikan informasi tertentu, seperti aturan penyaring dan daftar suntingan serta tindakan yang dicoba. Pengaturan ini akan membantu para pengawas (''oversighter'') menggunakannya untuk mencegah pengungkapan data pribadi (''doxxing'') atau materi lain yang perlu disembunyikan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * Edisi Berita Teknis berikutnya akan dikirimkan pada 12 Januari 2026 karena libur akhir tahun. Terima kasih kepada seluruh penerjemah dan semua pihak yang telah mengirimkan konten atau masukan sepanjang tahun ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:16}} {{PLURAL:16|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kerusakan aplikasi yang terjadi saat mengetuk menu "Langkah Pertama" pada fitur Ulasan Akhir Tahun di Wikipedia Android kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fitur tersebut dapat dibuka dan berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Elemen antarmuka seperti ''diff'' dan kategori yang dihasilkan oleh MediaWiki sebelumnya menggunakan atribut <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> untuk membedakannya dari konten wiki. Atribut tersebut kini diganti menjadi <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code> guna menghindari potensi konflik dengan atribut <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> lain yang dihasilkan oleh Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini atau pekan depan. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] (Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026) akan berlangsung pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran telah dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan ditutup pada pertengahan Januari, atau lebih cepat jika kuota peserta terpenuhi. Mengingat kapasitas acara sekitar 100 orang, calon peserta sangat disarankan untuk mendaftar sedini mungkin. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 Désémber 2025 21.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini berfokus pada tren global, uji coba yang lebih cepat dan lebih sehat, dukungan yang lebih baik bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, peningkatan kolaborasi lintas proyek, dan upaya memperluas dan mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan Tim Community Tech dalam proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Daftar pantau ganda]] (''Multiple watchlists''), tampilan [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] akan diperbarui sebagai langkah awal menuju penerapan beberapa daftar pantau. Selain itu, sistem penomoran halaman pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] juga akan diperbarui sebagai bagian dari pengerjaan permintaan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|perombakan penomoran dan navigasi halaman]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] merupakan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|ekstensi]] MediaWiki yang memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini baru-baru ini diperbarui agar tampilannya lebih menyerupai [[Special:Watchlist|Daftar pantau]] biasa, termasuk untuk menyiapkannya menghadapi penggunaan akun sementara dalam penyamaran IP (misalnya dengan mengarahkan ulang pranala pengguna ke halaman kontribusi), menampilkan judul halaman dengan huruf tebal, dan membuka pranala dalam ringkasan suntingan dan label di tab peramban baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika pemblokiran global tidak memiliki opsi untuk menonaktifkan pengiriman surel kini telah diperbaiki, dan fitur tersebut dapat digunakan pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|Perkakas pengutipan di VisualEditor]] dan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Pratinjau Rujukan]] kini mendukung jenis rujukan "peta". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Januari 2026 19.33 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Panel yang ditampilkan pada [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] dalam tampilan seluler telah didesain ulang. Panel ini kini ditampilkan dalam keadaan tertutup secara bawaan dan dilengkapi dengan pranala untuk membatalkan suntingan yang sedang ditinjau, sehingga memudahkan penyunting dan peninjau di perangkat seluler untuk mengambil tindakan tanpa membuat antarmuka terlihat penuh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini terus dikembangkan dan kini mampu menentukan arah teks secara otomatis, sehingga tampilan situs dengan nama domain yang tidak lazim tetap benar. Ekstensi ini juga menampilkan keterangan yang lebih rinci untuk setiap tindakan dalam log. Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ditambahkan pranala permanen baru untuk pembuatan halaman dan kelas CSS untuk setiap elemen entri. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya ditemukan pada Vector 2022, yaitu tujuan pranala jangkar tertutup oleh tajuk yang menempel (''sticky header''), kini telah ditangani. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|pengumuman penghentian bertahap pada Oktober 2025]], Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan mulai menghentikan seluruh titik akhir transformasi (''transform endpoint'') pada MediaWiki REST API yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir alamat (''trailing slash'') pada pekan 26 Januari. Perubahan ini diperkirakan akan diterapkan di semua wiki paling lambat 30 Januari. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih menggunakannya diimbau untuk beralih ke versi titik akhir tanpa garis miring di akhir. Kedua variasi titik akhir tersebut dapat ditemukan, dibandingkan, dan diuji melalui [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Jika memiliki pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * Dokumentasi rujukan interaktif untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] telah dipindahkan. Permintaan ke dokumentasi API yang sebelumnya diinang melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (misalnya <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) kini akan dialihkan ke [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata Wikimedia Foundation]] (WDP) telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala Januari 2026]]. Nawala ini memuat pembaruan mengenai penghentian titik akhir graf penuh (''full-graph'') lama, perubahan kebijakan User-Agent, jadwal sesi diskusi bulanan migrasi Blazegraph, dan upaya untuk mengurangi kemunduran (regresi) yang disebabkan oleh penonaktifan titik akhir lama tersebut. Sebagai pengingat, Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|berlangganan nawala WDP]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan segera ditutup atau ditutup lebih awal jika kuota peserta telah terpenuhi. Acara ini merupakan hackathon teknis selama dua hari yang mempertemukan para Wikimediawan dari kawasan tersebut. Sampai jumpa di sana! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Januari 2026 20.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang masukan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|usulan arah masa depan]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] hingga 28 Februari. * Semua pengguna dengan akun terdaftar kini dapat menggunakan kunci sandi (''passkey'') untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Kunci sandi merupakan cara masuk yang lebih sederhana tanpa perlu menggunakan perangkat kedua. Identitas pengguna diverifikasi melalui sidik jari, pemindaian wajah, atau kode PIN. Untuk menggunakan kunci sandi, pengguna harus terlebih dahulu mengaktifkan metode 2FA standar. Saat ini, proses masuk dengan kunci sandi masih memerlukan kata sandi. Pada kuartal ini, fitur masuk tanpa kata sandi akan memungkinkan pengguna masuk dengan satu klik menggunakan kunci sandi. Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan juga akan diwajibkan mengaktifkan 2FA. Kebijakan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. * Kontributor tidak terdaftar yang berasal dari alamat IP atau rentang IP yang diblokir kini dapat berinteraksi di wiki untuk mengajukan banding pemblokiran dengan membuat akun sementara dan menyampaikannya melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna, selama opsi "mencegah pengguna ini menyunting halaman pembicaraannya sendiri" tidak diaktifkan. Perubahan ini mengatasi masalah sebelumnya, yaitu pengguna yang tidak masuk log (keluar log dari akun) tidak dapat menggunakan prosedur pembukaan blokir standar melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, deskripsi metode Autentikasi Dua-Faktor (2FA) pada halaman pengelolaan kini telah diperbarui. Penjelasannya menjadi lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dipahami serta digunakan oleh pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah variabel AbuseFilter baru, <code>account_type</code>, telah ditambahkan untuk menyediakan cara yang andal dalam menentukan jenis akun yang sedang dibuat pada tindakan <code>createaccount</code> dan <code>autocreateaccount</code>. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, variabel <code>accountname</code> telah diubah namanya menjadi <code>account_name</code>, dan <code>accountname</code> kini dinyatakan tidak lagi digunakan (''deprecated''). Pengelola penyaring suntingan disarankan untuk memperbarui penyaring apa pun yang masih menggunakan pemeriksaan jenis akun yang ditulis langsung (''hardcoded'') atau variabel yang telah dinyatakan tidak digunakan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Keluku (''thumbnail'') yang diminta dengan ukuran tidak standar dan menggunakan cara tidak standar, seperti permintaan langsung ke <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code>, akan berhenti berfungsi dalam waktu dekat. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan berkelanjutan oleh pengambil data otomatis (''web scraper'') dan bot. Sebagian pengguna dengan CSS/JS khusus, pengurus antarmuka yang dapat memperbaiki gawai dan kulit lokal, serta pembuat alat, perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar menggunakan ukuran gambar mini standar. [[phab:T414805|Informasi lengkap, pranala pencarian, dan contoh cara memperbaikinya tersedia pada tugas terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Januari 2026 21.17 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" yang menampilkan informasi validasi tentang suatu halaman ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} contoh]) kini secara otomatis akan menyertakan daftar isi. Jika terdapat halaman lokal [[MediaWiki:Pageinfo-header]] yang dibuat oleh pengguna, halaman tersebut kini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya VisualEditor menambahkan pemformatan tebal atau miring di dalam deskripsi pranala, sehingga membuat kode wiki menjadi rumit. Hal ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada salinan XML pada 20 Januari. Selain itu, mulai sekarang, salinan data hanya akan dihasilkan satu kali per bulan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki telah menghapus dukungan untuk seluruh titik akhir transformasi yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir (''trailing slash'') dari [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API REST API MediaWiki]. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih memanggil titik akhir tersebut dianjurkan untuk beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring di akhir. Apabila terdapat pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan mengajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengingatkan para pengguna bahwa sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 telah dibagikan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan ini menyoroti berbagai isu utama, termasuk tren global, pengembangan eksperimen yang lebih cepat dan berkelanjutan, peningkatan dukungan bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, optimalisasi kolaborasi antarproyek, dan upaya meningkatkan serta mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan, saran, dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Pébruari 2026 17.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kontributor yang masuk log dan mengelola daftar pantauan yang besar atau kompleks kini dapat mengatur dan menyaring halaman yang dipantau dengan lebih efektif melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Label Daftar Pantauan]] yang baru. Dengan menambahkan label tersuai, misalnya halaman yang dibuat sendiri, halaman yang dipantau untuk vandalisme, atau halaman diskusi, pengguna dapat lebih cepat mengidentifikasi halaman yang memerlukan perhatian, mengurangi beban kognitif, dan merespons dengan lebih efisien. Peningkatan ini membuat daftar pantauan lebih mudah digunakan, terutama bagi penyunting yang sangat aktif. * Sebuah fitur baru yang tersedia di [[Special:Contributions|Istimewa:Kontribusi]] kini menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] yang kemungkinan dioperasikan oleh orang yang sama, sehingga proses patroli menjadi lebih efisien dan tidak memakan banyak waktu. Saat memeriksa kontribusi suatu akun sementara, pengguna yang memiliki akses ke alamat IP akun sementara kini dapat melihat tampilan kontribusi dari akun-akun sementara terkait. Fitur ini menelusuri seluruh alamat IP yang terkait dengan suatu akun sementara dalam periode retensi data, lalu menampilkan semua kontribusi dari seluruh akun sementara yang pernah menggunakan alamat IP tersebut. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * Saat para penyunting melakukan pratayang suntingan teks wiki, kotak pengingat di bagian atas yang menunjukkan bahwa yang ditampilkan hanyalah pratayang kini menggunakan latar belakang abu-abu/netral, bukan lagi kuning/peringatan. Perubahan ini memudahkan pembedaan antara catatan pratayang dan peringatan yang sebenarnya (misalnya konflik suntingan atau sasaran pengalihan yang bermasalah), yang kini akan ditampilkan dalam kotak peringatan atau kesalahan terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna meninjau daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini terus mengalami penyempurnaan, yang kini mendukung lebih dari satu situs Wikibase secara optimal, seperti [[d:|Wikidata]] dan [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. Selain itu, kendala tentang arah teks telah diperbaiki bagi pengguna Wikidata atau situs Wikibase lain yang menggunakan bahasa dengan arah kanan ke kiri (RTL). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * "Pranala magis" otomatis untuk nomor ISBN, RFC, dan PMID [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|telah dinyatakan usang dalam teks wiki sejak 2021]] karena kurang fleksibel dan menyulitkan pelokalan. Sejumlah wiki telah berhasil menggantikan pranala magis RFC dan PMID dengan pranala luar yang setara, tetapi untuk menggantikan fungsi pranala magis ISBN sering kali diperlukan templat khusus. Kini telah tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|fungsi pengurai bawaan]] baru, <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code>, yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan fungsi dasar pranala magis ISBN. Hal ini memudahkan wiki yang ingin bermigrasi dari fungsi pranala magis yang telah dinyatakan usang tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q35401|bahasa Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q1186896|bahasa Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah kelompok pengguna global baru telah dibuat, yaitu [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. Kelompok ini digunakan secara internal oleh perangkat lunak untuk memungkinkan bot komunitas melewati pembatasan laju (''rate limit'') yang diterapkan terhadap [[w:en:Web scraping|perayap web]] (''web scraper'') yang bersifat merusak. Akun yang telah disetujui sebagai bot di setidaknya satu wiki Wikimedia akan secara otomatis ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok ini. Perubahan ini tidak memengaruhi atau mengubah hak akses yang dimiliki oleh bot tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 25–27 Maret 2026 di Salt Lake City, Amerika Serikat. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Peserta dapat mengusulkan sesi serta mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti konferensi ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Pébruari 2026 23.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Tim SRE]] akan membersihkan Etherpad, yaitu penyunting berbasis web sumber terbuka untuk penyuntingan dokumen kolaboratif langsung. Seluruh catatan (''pad'') akan dihapus secara permanen setelah 30 April 2026. Harap membuat salinan cadangan lokal atas konten apa pun yang ingin dipertahankan karena data yang telah dihapus tidak dapat dipulihkan. Pembersihan ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi ukuran basis data dan meminimalkan jejak infrastruktur. Etherpad akan tetap mendukung kolaborasi langsung, tetapi tidak ditujukan untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Pembersihan tambahan dapat dilakukan di masa mendatang tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pengambilan Informasi (''Information Retrieval'') akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|eksperimen aplikasi seluler Android]] untuk menguji pencarian hibrida yang mampu menangani kueri semantik dan berbasis kata kunci. Peningkatan pencarian di dalam platform ini bertujuan memudahkan pembaca menemukan informasi yang dicari secara langsung di Wikipedia. Eksperimen ini akan pertama kali diluncurkan di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani pada akhir Februari, kemudian diperluas ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis pada bulan Maret. Informasi selengkapnya [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ dapat dibaca] di Diff. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah di [[Special:RecentChanges|Istimewa:PerubahanTerbaru]] telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, ketika pengguna mengeklik sembunyikan pada penyaring aktif, tombol "lihat perubahan baru sejak…" ikut menghilang, padahal seharusnya tetap ditampilkan. Kini, tombol tersebut telah berfungsi dan ditampilkan sebagaimana mestinya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Dokumentasi baru kini tersedia untuk membantu para penyunting menelusuri dan mendiagnosis masalah pada fitur pencarian di situs. Dokumentasi ini mendukung proses pemecahan masalah ketika halaman tidak muncul dalam hasil pencarian, ketika peringkat hasil terasa tidak sesuai, dan ketika perlu memeriksa konten apa saja yang sedang diindeks. Dengan demikian, perilaku pencarian menjadi lebih mudah dipahami dan dianalisis. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Pébruari 2026 19.17 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] kini telah diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, menandai selesainya peluncuran fitur ini di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur tersebut mendorong pengguna baru untuk menambahkan rujukan sebelum memublikasikan konten baru, sehingga membantu menekan pembatalan suntingan akibat kekurangan rujukan dan meningkatkan keterverifikasian. Hasil pengujian A/B menunjukkan dampak yang kuat: pengguna baru yang ditampilkan Pemeriksaan Rujukan sekitar 2,2 kali lebih sering menambahkan rujukan di desktop dan sekitar 17,5 kali lebih sering di web seluler. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|Ekstensi InterwikiSorting]], yang sebelumnya memungkinkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|pengurutan pranala antarwiki]], telah dinonaktifkan di Wikipedia. Dampaknya, penyunting yang mengaktifkan pengurutan pranala antarwiki dalam mode tidak ringkas (format daftar penuh) kini akan melihat urutan pranala berubah. Ke depannya, pranala antarwiki akan ditampilkan berdasarkan urutan alfabet kode bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, pengguna yang menyunting suatu bagian halaman menggunakan VisualEditor seluler akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman". Dengan mengetuk tombol tersebut, pengguna dapat langsung menyunting keseluruhan artikel. Fitur ini memudahkan ketika perubahan yang ingin dilakukan ternyata berada di luar bagian yang awalnya dibuka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] mengundang para penyunting untuk menilai apakah mode gelap masih perlu dianggap sebagai fitur beta di wiki masing-masing berdasarkan pengalaman penggunaan dan kinerjanya di perangkat desktop maupun seluler. Apabila fitur ini dinilai telah matang, para penyunting dapat memperbarui pesan antarmuka di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> dan <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> untuk menunjukkan bahwa mode gelap telah siap digunakan dan tidak lagi berstatus beta. * [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Tab Aktivitas]] yang telah ditingkatkan dan menampilkan wawasan pengguna kini tersedia untuk seluruh pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS (versi 7.9.0 dan yang lebih baru). Setelah uji A/B sebelumnya menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pembuatan akun pada pengguna yang memiliki akses ke fitur ini, pembaruan tersebut kini diluncurkan kepada 100% pengguna, dan disertai dengan sejumlah penyempurnaan. Tab Aktivitas kini menampilkan artikel-artikel yang telah disunting dalam lini masa, menyajikan wawasan dampak penyuntingan seperti jumlah kontribusi dan tren kunjungan artikel, serta menyediakan opsi penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan aplikasi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang sebelumnya menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] tidak berfungsi di perangkat seluler kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fungsionalitasnya kembali berjalan sepenuhnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] yang mendukung fitur ini terus dikembangkan. Pembaruan terbaru menambahkan [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|kait baru]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, yang dijalankan setiap kali daftar pantauan dibangun ulang. Dengan adanya kait ini, gawai dan skrip pengguna kini dapat dijalankan pada halaman Istimewa tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Pébruari 2026 19.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Mode Ulang Tahun]] ke-25 Wikipedia kini telah tersedia di Wikipedia bahasa Betawi, Breton, Tionghoa, Ceko, Belanda, Inggris, Prancis, Gorontalo, Indonesia, Italia, Luksemburg, Madura, Sisilia, Spanyol, Thai, dan Vietnam. Fitur kampanye waktu terbatas ini merayakan 25 tahun Wikipedia dengan maskot ulang tahun bernama Baby Globe. Saat diaktifkan, Baby Globe akan muncul di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|sekitar 2.500 artikel]] dan dapat ditemukan oleh para pembaca. Komunitas dapat memilih untuk mengaktifkan Mode Ulang Tahun dengan mencapai konsensus di tingkat komunitas, lalu meminta pengurus untuk mengaktifkan dan menyesuaikan fitur tersebut melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|pengaturan komunitas]] di wiki lokal masing-masing. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur baru [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], yang memungkinkan penggunaan ulang rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Swedia, Polandia, dan [[:phab:T418209|beberapa wiki lainnya]]. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|Fitur ini dapat dicoba]] di proyek-proyek tersebut atau di testwiki dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Pembelajaran dari wiki percontohan pertama, yaitu Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, telah [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|dirilis dalam sebuah laporan]]. Jika [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|berminat untuk menjadi wiki percontohan]], silakan menghubungi tim Wikimedia Deutschland. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') akan tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia pekan ini. Fitur ini menampilkan pengingat kepada pengguna baru yang menempelkan teks ke dalam VisualEditor yang kemungkinan besar bukan hasil tulisan mereka sendiri agar mempertimbangkan risiko pelanggaran hak cipta. Pemeriksaan Tempel juga [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|menandai]] semua suntingan yang memunculkan pengingat tersebut untuk kemungkinan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Pengurus lokal dapat mengatur berbagai aspek fitur ini melalui [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Penelitian]] di 22 wiki menunjukkan bahwa Pemeriksaan Tempel menghasilkan penurunan relatif sebesar 18% pada suntingan yang dibatalkan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Para penerjemah dapat membantu [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate melokalkan] fitur ini dan fitur terkait lainnya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] akan melakukan standardisasi menu pengguna di pojok kanan atas bagi seluruh pengguna seluler agar lebih selaras dengan pengalaman di desktop. Saat ini, menu tersebut hanya terlihat oleh pengguna yang mengaktifkan Kontrol Seluler Lanjutan (''Advanced Mobile Controls''/AMC). Perubahan yang dilakukan hanya berupa pemindahan beberapa tombol yang sebelumnya berada di menu sisi kiri ke pojok kanan atas bagi pengguna yang tidak mengaktifkan AMC. Perubahan ini dijadwalkan diterapkan pada 9 Maret dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan antarmuka pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Mulai pekan 2 Maret, surel yang dikirim saat alamat surel pada suatu akun ditambahkan, dihapus, atau diubah akan beralih dari format teks biasa menjadi surel HTML yang tampilannya lebih rapi dan informatif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Saat ini, setiap pengguna dapat menyimpan hingga 2.000 notifikasi lama, dengan riwayat yang mencakup sejak 2013 ketika fitur ini diperkenalkan. Ke depan, sistem akan diubah sehingga hanya notifikasi dari lima tahun terakhir yang disimpan, tetapi dengan kapasitas yang ditingkatkan hingga 10.000 notifikasi. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan infrastruktur dalam jangka panjang sekaligus mengurangi kemungkinan notifikasi terbaru hilang lebih cepat dari yang seharusnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami penyempurnaan. Pembaruan terbaru meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan label. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini kini memungkinkan pengaktifan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|sistem pengganti bahasa]] (''language fallback'') untuk butir Wikidata yang tidak memiliki label dalam bahasa yang sedang ditampilkan, dan menampilkan label tersebut dalam bahasa Wikidata pilihan pengguna apabila tidak ada parameter URL <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * Tim Wikipedia Android telah memulai uji coba beta fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|pencarian hibrida]] di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani. Fitur pencarian hibrida ini dapat menangani pencarian berdasarkan makna maupun kata kunci, sehingga pembaca dapat menemukan informasi yang dicari secara lebih mudah langsung di Wikipedia. * Demi meningkatkan keamanan, anggota dari sejumlah kelompok pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Saat ini, 2FA menjadi syarat untuk menggunakan hak akses dalam kelompok tersebut, tetapi belum menjadi syarat untuk tercatat sebagai anggotanya. Karena kebijakan ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, perubahan akan [[phab:T418580|dilakukan secara bertahap mulai bulan Maret]]. Anggota kelompok terkait tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan satu-satunya metode 2FA yang tersisa di akun mereka. Selain itu, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA tidak dapat ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tersebut. Pengguna tetap dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama minimal satu metode 2FA tetap aktif. Pada paruh kedua bulan Maret, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok ini. Ketentuan ini berlaku untuk pengurus CentralNotice, pemeriksa, pengurus antarmuka, pengawas, staf Wikidata, staf Wikifunctions, WMF Office IT, dan WMF Trust & Safety. Tidak ada perubahan bagi pengguna lainnya. Jadwal pelaksanaan dapat dilihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya menghalangi pengguna untuk membuat sebuah instans (''instance'') di [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], dalam satu bulan ke depan Wikimedia Foundation akan menerapkan pembatasan jumlah permintaan (''rate limit'') API secara global pada seluruh API yang digunakan. Pada awal Maret, batas yang lebih ketat akan diberlakukan untuk permintaan yang tidak teridentifikasi dari luar Toolforge/WMCS dan permintaan API yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diterapkan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin agar dampaknya terhadap komunitas tetap minimal. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * Layanan ''Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment'' (LDF) akan dihentikan pada bulan Februari. Layanan ini hanya melayani lalu lintas yang terbatas, dan penggunaannya telah berhasil dialihkan ke metode akses data lain yang lebih sesuai untuk mendukung kebutuhan yang ada. Perangkat keras yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mendukung layanan LDF akan dialokasikan kembali guna menunjang proses migrasi sistem bagian belakang yang sedang berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * Pengurai Parsoid versi terbaru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|terus diperluas penggunaannya ke berbagai wiki lainnya]]. Penerapan ini mendukung keberlanjutan sistem dan mempermudah pengembangan fitur baru untuk kegiatan membaca dan penyuntingan. Kini, Parsoid telah menjadi pengurai utama di 488 wiki milik Wikimedia Foundation, termasuk 268 edisi Wikipedia. Cakupan tersebut mewakili lebih dari 10% dari total tayangan halaman di seluruh Wikipedia. * Proses dan kriteria untuk [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|mengajukan akses khusus]] ke umpan data berkapasitas tinggi dari API Wikimedia Enterprise (tanpa biaya untuk penggunaan yang sejalan dengan misi) [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|kini telah dipublikasikan]]. Publikasi ini bertujuan menyediakan dokumentasi yang lebih lengkap dan jelas bagi para pengguna. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], yang selama ini menjadi blog bagi komunitas teknis Wikimedia, [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ akan digabungkan] ke [[diffblog:|Diff]], blog yang memuat berita dan kegiatan komunitas. Proses penggabungan ini ditargetkan rampung pada April 2026. Setelah proses tersebut selesai, kiriman tulisan baru akan kembali dibuka untuk dipublikasikan. Semua tulisan, baik yang lama dan yang baru, tetap dapat dibaca melalui halaman khusus di https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Maret 2026 17.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari uji coba pengalihan peladen pusat data ke peladen cadangan, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|yang dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dialihkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Pengujian ini bertujuan memastikan layanan tetap tersedia dan mengurangi kemungkinan gangguan layanan, termasuk dalam keadaan darurat. * Pekan lalu, seluruh wiki sempat berada dalam mode hanya-baca selama sekitar dua jam. Selain itu, skrip pengguna dan gawai juga mengalami gangguan lebih lama dari biasanya. Kejadian ini disebabkan oleh sebuah insiden keamanan yang kini telah ditangani. Langkah-langkah untuk mencegah kejadian serupa masih terus dilakukan. Informasi terkini dapat dilihat pada [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|pengumuman di papan pengumuman penatalayan]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|tersedia terjemahan]]). '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna yang terkena beberapa pemblokiran saat mengakses melalui perangkat seluler kini akan melihat alasan untuk setiap pemblokiran secara terpisah, bukan lagi satu pesan umum. Hal ini membantu pengguna memahami alasan pemblokiran yang mereka alami serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Sebagai contoh, pengguna yang terdampak karena menggunakan VPN umum (seperti [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) akan mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai apa yang perlu dilakukan agar dapat kembali menyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] (''Suggestion Mode'') akan tersedia sebagai fitur beta di penyunting visual di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini memberikan berbagai saran tindakan yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki artikel Wikipedia, dan membantu pengguna mempelajari pedoman yang relevan. Pengaturan fitur ini dapat disesuaikan oleh setiap wiki dan juga dapat diperluas dengan menambahkan saran khusus. Pengaturan yang saat ini berlaku dapat dilihat di halaman [[Special:EditChecks]]. Selain itu, tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|panduan bagi pengurus untuk menyesuaikan]] pranala agar mengarah ke pedoman lokal. Mode Saran terhubung dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Pemeriksaan Suntingan]] yang memberikan saran perbaikan ketika seseorang sedang menulis konten baru. Ke depannya, tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') berencana menilai dampak fitur ini terhadap pengguna baru melalui sebuah percobaan terkontrol. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika posisi kursor menjadi tidak selaras saat menggunakan penyorotan sintaks CodeMirror (fitur yang memudahkan pembacaan teks wiki dan kode) kini telah diperbaiki. Masalah ini secara khusus memengaruhi pengguna yang menetapkan aturan jenis huruf dalam lembar gaya tersuai ketika membuat topik baru dengan menggunakan DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pembaruan pembatasan permintaan API: Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], pembatasan jumlah permintaan API secara global akan mulai diterapkan pada minggu ini. Pembatasan ini berlaku untuk permintaan tanpa User-Agent yang sesuai yang berasal dari luar Toolforge/WMCS, serta untuk permintaan API tanpa autentikasi yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diberlakukan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * API GraphQL yang baru kini telah tersedia. API ini dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih fleksibel untuk beberapa fitur di Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemudahan bagi pengembang, mendukung fleksibilitas penggunaan, dan mempercepat akses data. Pengguna dipersilakan untuk mencoba API ini dan [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|memberikan masukan]]. Pengembang juga dapat [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply mendaftar untuk mengikuti uji kegunaan]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] melanjutkan peningkatan pada [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] sepanjang Februari. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan kesalahan autentikasi, penanganan berkas berukuran besar, visibilitas antrean tugas, dan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai proses pengunggahan. Sejumlah pekerjaan masih terus berlangsung di beberapa bagian, termasuk perubahan yang berkaitan dengan metode pengunggahan dari sisi peladen yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|kabar terkini]] untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Panduan Artikel (''Article Guidance'') mengundang penyunting Wikipedia berpengalaman dari sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|wiki percontohan]] dan kontributor yang berminat dari Wikipedia lainnya untuk mengisi angket ini. Angket tersebut tersedia dalam [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform bahasa Inggris], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arab], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Jepang], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portugis], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persia], dan [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turki]. Jawaban yang diberikan akan membantu tim untuk menyesuaikan panduan bagi penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman, sekaligus membantu mereka mempelajari kebijakan dan praktik komunitas saat membuat artikel. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|halaman proyek tersebut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Maret 2026 18.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], telah digunakan untuk penyorotan sintaks teks wiki sejak November 2024. Fitur ini direncanakan keluar dari status beta pada Mei 2026 agar berbagai perbaikan dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|fitur]] baru dapat digunakan oleh semua penyunting yang memakai penyorot sintaks standar. Jika terdapat pertanyaan atau masukan terkait rencana penghapusan status beta pada fitur ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|silakan disampaikan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebagian perubahan pada kelompok pengguna lokal dilakukan oleh penatalayan di Meta-Wiki dan sebelumnya hanya dicatat di sana. Kini, perubahan hak pengguna lintas wiki akan dicatat di Meta-Wiki dan di wiki tempat pengguna tersebut berada. Langkah ini memudahkan penelusuran riwayat lengkap perubahan hak pengguna di wiki lokal. Catatan perubahan yang terjadi sebelumnya juga akan ditambahkan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * Pada wiki yang menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], jumlah perubahan tertunda yang ditampilkan di halaman [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] sebelumnya juga menghitung halaman yang sebenarnya sudah tidak menunggu peninjauan. Hal ini terjadi karena halaman tersebut telah dihapus dari sistem tanpa melalui proses peninjauan, misalnya karena dihapus, dipindahkan ke ruang nama lain, atau akibat perubahan konfigurasi wiki. Kini, jumlah yang ditampilkan telah diperbaiki sehingga lebih akurat. Di beberapa wiki, angka yang terlihat mungkin jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan sebelumnya. Daftar halaman yang ditampilkan seharusnya tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Bahasa komposisi yang digunakan di Wikifunctions telah ditulis ulang dan menghasilkan versi bahasa yang baru. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan layanan dengan mengurangi penggunaan memori pada orkestrator. Selain itu, pembaruan ini juga memungkinkan pengurangan waktu tunda secara signifikan, penyederhanaan kode, dan penerapan abstraksi yang lebih baik. Perubahan tersebut membuka peluang bagi pengembangan fitur baru pada tahap berikutnya. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|pembaruan ini]] dapat dibaca pada penjelasan yang tersedia. * Pengguna kini dapat mengurutkan hasil pencarian secara alfabetis berdasarkan judul halaman. Pembaruan ini menambahkan opsi baru yang dapat membantu menemukan halaman dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Sebelumnya, hasil pencarian hanya dapat diurutkan berdasarkan tanggal penyuntingan, tanggal pembuatan, atau tingkat relevansi. Untuk menggunakan opsi baru ini, buka menu "Pencarian lanjutan" pada halaman hasil pencarian, lalu pilih "Alfabetis" pada bagian "Urutan pengurutan". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang sebelumnya membuat UploadWizard di Wikimedia Commons tidak dapat mengimpor berkas dari Flickr kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah halaman istimewa baru, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], telah dibuat untuk menampilkan daftar halaman yang ditransklusikan dan ditandai memiliki galat pemeriksaan kode (''lint''). Halaman ini membantu pengguna menemukan kesalahan tersebut dengan lebih mudah. Daftar yang ditampilkan akan diurutkan berdasarkan jumlah transklusi yang mengandung galat. Contohnya dapat dilihat pada halaman [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Pengguna fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai pengganti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman berisi JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua sejak beberapa waktu terakhir. Seiring dengan rencana mengeluarkan CodeMirror 6 dari status beta, CodeEditor juga direncanakan akan digantikan sebagai penyunting standar untuk jenis konten tersebut pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Masukan atau tanggapan tentang rencana ini sangat dipersilakan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Modul JavaScript [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] akan segera diperbarui ke CodeMirror 6. Menjelang pembaruan tersebut, pemuatan modul <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> atau <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> dari gawai dan skrip pengguna telah dinyatakan usang sejak Juli 2025. Penggunaan kait <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> juga telah dinyatakan usang sejak Maret 2025. Kontributor kini dapat menyesuaikan skrip atau gawai mereka agar kompatibel dengan CodeMirror 6. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|panduan migrasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang memperluas cakupan definisi modul REST API agar juga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|API dari ekstensi]]. Modul REST API merupakan kelompok titik akhir yang saling berkaitan dan dapat dikelola serta diberi versi secara mandiri. Saat ini, modul tersebut sudah tersedia untuk API [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] dan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions]. Seiring dengan pemindahan API ekstensi ke struktur ini, dokumentasinya akan dipindahkan dari spesifikasi utama MediaWiki OpenAPI dan tampilan REST Sandbox. Selanjutnya, dokumentasi tersebut dapat diakses melalui opsi khusus modul pada menu tarik turun di [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (yaitu di [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], yang tersedia di semua proyek wiki). * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] menyediakan berbagai informasi tentang wiki tempat modul digunakan melalui pustaka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]]. Sejak pekan lalu, pustaka tersebut juga menyediakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|cara]] untuk mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|ID wiki]]. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan pemeliharaan modul yang digunakan di berbagai wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2026]], yang merayakan berbagai perkakas terbaik yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas, kini telah membuka proses nominasi. Nominasi untuk perkakas favorit dapat diajukan melalui [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en formulir survei nominasi] paling lambat 23 Maret 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai privasi dan pengelolaan data dapat dilihat pada [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|pernyataan privasi survei]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Maret 2026 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|obrolan]])</bdi> 19 Maret 2026 11.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat masuk log ke akun mereka tanpa menggunakan kata sandi melalui penggunaan kunci sandi (''passkey''). Metode ini merupakan cara yang aman dan didukung oleh autentikasi seperti sidik jari, pengenalan wajah, atau PIN. Dengan adanya perubahan ini, semua pengguna yang memilih masuk log tanpa kata sandi akan merasakan proses yang lebih mudah, lebih cepat, dan lebih aman saat mengakses akun mereka dari berbagai perangkat. Opsi masuk menggunakan kunci sandi saat ini ditampilkan sebagai saran pengisian otomatis pada kolom nama pengguna. Dalam waktu dekat, [[phab:T417120|tombol tambahan "Masuk log dengan kunci sandi"]] juga akan tersedia bagi pengguna yang telah mendaftarkan kunci sandi mereka sebelumnya. Pembaruan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keamanan sekaligus memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik. [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|Rekaman layar]] yang disertakan memperlihatkan proses masuk log tanpa kata sandi secara bertahap, langkah demi langkah. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka pengujian pencadangan melalui pengalihan peladen pusat data (''datacenter server switchover'') yang [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan tersebut, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dipindahkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketersediaan layanan sekaligus memastikan bahwa layanan tetap dapat berjalan tanpa gangguan, bahkan dalam situasi darurat. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat mengekspor notifikasi mereka yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun dengan menggunakan sebuah [[toolforge:echo-chamber|perkakas baru di Toolforge]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk tetap menyimpan notifikasi penting mereka, sekaligus menghindari risiko terhapusnya notifikasi tersebut seiring rencana penghapusan notifikasi yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun, sebagaimana telah diumumkan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Para penyunting Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, Thai, Turki, dan Simple English kini memiliki akses ke Special:PersonalDashboard. Fitur ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|versi awal dari sebuah pengalaman]] yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan alur kerja patroli kepada penyunting yang lebih baru, sehingga mereka dapat beralih secara lebih mudah dari sekadar melakukan suntingan menuju keterlibatan dalam tugas moderasi yang lebih lanjut di proyek mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * Halaman [[Special:Block]] kini mengalami dua perubahan kecil pada antarmukanya. Pengurus kini dapat dengan lebih mudah menetapkan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu melalui tombol pilihan (''radio button'') khusus yang tersedia pada bagian masa berlaku. Selain itu, ketika masa berlaku tanpa batas dipilih, akan muncul kumpulan alasan umum yang berbeda untuk dipilih, yang dapat disesuaikan melalui halaman [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Para penyunting seluler [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|di beberapa wiki]] kini dapat melihat peringatan penyuntingan dalam keadaan belum masuk log (''logged-out'') yang telah ditingkatkan, berkat pembaruan terbaru dari tim Pertumbuhan. Perubahan yang dirilis pada pekan lalu ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dan pengujian yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|pembuatan akun di perangkat seluler]], dan mendorong peningkatan partisipasi pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:36}} {{PLURAL:36|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, galat yang sebelumnya menyebabkan pengguna web seluler tidak dapat melihat informasi pemblokiran ketika mereka terdampak oleh beberapa pemblokiran sekaligus kini telah diperbaiki. Kini, saat mengakses Wikipedia, mereka dapat melihat pesan dari seluruh pemblokiran yang sedang berlaku terhadap akun atau alamat IP mereka. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Citra yang dibangun menggunakan Toolforge dalam waktu dekat akan mendapatkan pembaruan versi ''buildpacks'' (kumpulan skrip dan konfigurasi untuk membangun aplikasi secara otomatis), yang menghadirkan dukungan bagi versi bahasa pemrograman yang lebih baru serta berbagai peningkatan dan perbaikan dari sumber pengembang utama (''upstream''). Jika menggunakan Toolforge Build Service, disarankan untuk meninjau surel terbaru dari [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ milis cloud-announce] dan memperbarui konfigurasi ''build'' sesuai kebutuhan, guna memastikan bahwa perkakas yang digunakan tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan tersebut. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * Wiki dokumentasi [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] akan ditutup pada Juni 2026. Kunci API yang dibuat melalui API Portal akan tetap berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Titik akhir api.wikimedia.org akan dihentikan secara bertahap mulai Juli 2026. Dokumentasi yang sebelumnya tersedia di API Portal sedang dipindahkan ke [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dipelajari melalui [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek]] yang tersedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] (inisiatif dari Wikimedia Deutschland yang berfokus pada pengembangan fitur berdasarkan kebutuhan teknis komunitas) tengah mempertimbangkan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|penamaan referensi yang dihasilkan secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Para pengguna dipersilakan untuk meninjau [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solusi yang diusulkan]] serta berpartisipasi dalam proses [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|permintaan tanggapan]] yang sedang berlangsung. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Maret 2026 16.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Versi Beta dari [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]], proyek baru Wikimedia yang tidak terikat dengan bahasa, telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. Proyek ini memungkinkan berbagai komunitas untuk menyusun artikel Wikipedia dalam bahasa asli mereka, yang kemudian dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pengguna lain dalam bahasa masing-masing. Wiki ini dijalankan melalui serangkaian instruksi dari Wikifunctions, dan didukung oleh konten terstruktur yang berasal dari Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang menjalankan uji A/B untuk mengevaluasi pesan yang lebih jelas dan ramah pengguna dalam mendorong pembuatan akun di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, ketika pengguna seluler yang belum masuk log mulai melakukan penyuntingan, mereka akan dihadapkan pada pesan peringatan yang terasa mendadak dan dapat mengurangi minat untuk melanjutkan kontribusi. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga menjadikan penyuntingan dengan akun sementara sebagai pilihan bawaan, alih-alih mendorong pengguna untuk membuat akun. Uji coba ini berlangsung di sepuluh Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Jerman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Apps'') mengundang Anda untuk memberi masukan mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|cara proses penyuntingan seharusnya bekerja di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia]]. Diskusi ini berfokus pada upaya meningkatkan cara pengguna mengakses berbagai alat penyuntingan saat mereka mengetuk tombol "Sunting". Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk mengarahkan para pembaca yang mulai tertarik menyunting agar dapat menemukan jalur yang lebih ramah pengguna ketika mereka mulai berkontribusi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:45}} {{PLURAL:45|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah ketika pengambilan sitasi dari arsip surat kabar besar [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] tidak lagi berfungsi, akibat adanya pemblokiran pada permintaan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]], kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Maret 2026 19.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 3 April 2026 17.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dilengkapi dengan fitur baru untuk penetapan tujuan kelompok, yang memungkinkan para penyelenggara menetapkan dan memantau target acara, seperti jumlah artikel yang dibuat dan jumlah kontributor yang berpartisipasi, secara langsung. Di sisi lain, para peserta juga dapat bergerak menuju target bersama dan melihat dampak kolektif yang dihasilkan seiring berlangsungnya acara. Fitur ini kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Pelajari lebih lanjut dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|dokumentasinya]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|label daftar pantauan]] yang baru (yang diumumkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Berita Teknis 2026-07]]) kini telah tersedia melalui VisualEditor, penyunting sumber, dan "''watchstar''" (pranala pantau). Sebelumnya, pemberian label hanya dapat dilakukan melalui [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. Kini, di ketiga tempat tersebut, tersedia kolom baru yang terletak setelah kolom masa kedaluwarsa. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada halaman pembicaraan di perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Parsoid, yang membuat halaman menjadi tidak dapat digunakan setelah munculnya tajuk bagian yang kosong, kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Fitur subreferensi]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan keterangan pada referensi yang sudah ada tanpa perlu membuatnya dua kali, akan diluncurkan secara bertahap ke [[phab:T414094|lebih banyak wiki]] pada akhir tahun ini. Wiki yang menggunakan gawai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] dianjurkan untuk memperbarui versinya (umumnya berada di [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] seperti ditunjukkan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 di sini]) guna menjaga kompatibilitas. Gawai lain yang berkaitan dengan referensi juga berpotensi terdampak. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * Seluruh edisi Wikinews dijadwalkan untuk ditutup dan dialihkan ke mode hanya-baca pada 4 Mei 2026. Meskipun seluruh konten tetap dapat diakses, tidak akan ada lagi penyuntingan atau penambahan artikel baru. Keputusan penutupan ini telah disetujui oleh Dewan Pengawas Wikimedia Foundation setelah melalui rangkaian diskusi yang panjang. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|API tindakan]] (''action API'') selama ini menyediakan berbagai format keluaran sesuai permintaan. Salah satunya, yaitu <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, akan segera dihentikan. Oleh karena itu, pastikan skrip atau bot yang Anda gunakan telah beralih ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|format JSON]]. Perubahan ini diperkirakan hanya akan berdampak pada sebagian kecil skrip dan bot. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * Halaman [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] kini juga memuat nama lain (alias) ruang nama. Sebagai contoh, "WP" digunakan sebagai alias untuk ruang nama "Project" ("Wikipedia") di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 April 2026 16.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting berpengalaman diundang untuk [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page menguji] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]], yang dirancang untuk membantu penyunting dengan pengalaman lebih terbatas dalam membuat artikel Wikipedia yang terstruktur dengan baik dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang berlaku. Petunjuk pengujian telah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|tersedia]] dan dapat diikuti sebagai panduan. Setelah meninjau [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance kerangka artikel] yang disediakan, mohon memberikan umpan balik melalui [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. Masukan tersebut akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan fitur ini sebelum kemudian diterapkan pada Wikipedia percontohan untuk diterjemahkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap komunitas. Sebuah [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] penjelasan mengenai fitur ini juga tersedia untuk disimak. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di sejumlah besar wiki, kini semua pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed users'') dapat menggunakan halaman [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|membuat halaman baru dengan model konten khusus]], seperti daftar pesan massal, sehingga format halaman tersuai menjadi lebih mudah diakses. Untuk mengetahui statusnya di wiki masing-masing, silakan periksa halaman [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') telah meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|eksperimen pembuatan akun]] untuk mengevaluasi apakah penambahan tombol pembuatan akun pada bagian kepala halaman versi web seluler dapat meningkatkan jumlah pendaftaran akun baru sekaligus mendorong lebih banyak pengguna seluler untuk berkontribusi di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, eksperimen tersebut sedang berlangsung di Wikipedia bahasa Hindi, Indonesia, Bengali, Thai, dan Ibrani, serta menyasar 10% pengguna web seluler yang belum masuk log. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kendala yang menyebabkan VisualEditor berhenti pada proses pemuatan di perangkat Windows ketika animasi dinonaktifkan, kini telah berhasil diatasi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir pekan ini, {{int:group-abusefilter}} yang telah mengaktifkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting di halaman [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]], menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten di berbagai jenis penyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Perkakas dan bot yang mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|API Notifications]] melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi> perlu memperbarui izin OAuth atau BotPassword mereka agar juga mencakup akses ke notifikasi privat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Karena adanya pembaruan pustaka, urutan daftar pada halaman kategori mungkin akan menjadi tidak berurutan mulai Senin, 20 April. Sebuah skrip migrasi akan dijalankan untuk memperbaikinya, dan proses ini dapat berlangsung dari beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari, tergantung pada ukuran wiki (bahkan hingga sekitar satu minggu untuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 April 2026 15.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah dua tahun pengembangan, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], akan diluncurkan dari tahap beta pada Selasa, 21 April. Fitur ini membawa peningkatan keterbacaan kode dan teks wiki, pengurangan kesalahan pengetikan, beserta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|manfaat]] lainnya bagi semua pengguna penyorot sintaks standar. Ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada sukarelawan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] yang telah mengembangkan banyak fitur baru, termasuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|pelipatan kode]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|pemeriksaan sintaks]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebuah pembaruan besar untuk aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS kini sedang diluncurkan, dengan antarmuka yang didesain ulang agar selaras dengan desain visual terbaru Apple, "Liquid Glass". Silakan [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 unduh versi terbaru] dan telusuri pembaruannya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Daftar bacaan]] merupakan fitur yang memungkinkan para pembaca menyimpan artikel ke dalam daftar untuk dibaca nanti. Fitur ini sedang dalam tahap beta di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Mandarin, serta secara bawaan untuk semua akun baru di semua Wikipedia. * Percobaan yang mengeksplorasi perluasan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Pratinjau Halaman ke versi seluler]] akan diluncurkan pada pekan tanggal 20 April di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, Polandia, dan Vietnam. Pratinjau Halaman merupakan jendela sembulan yang menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala untuk membuka artikel lengkap dari pranala berwarna biru, sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam menemukan konten. Fitur ini sudah tersedia di versi desktop dan aplikasi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Lihat selengkapnya mengenai uji coba ini dan uji coba lainnya]]. * Di beberapa wiki, para penyunting yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surel mereka]] sekarang dapat melihat spanduk yang meminta mereka untuk lakukan hal tersebut. Dengan memiliki alamat surel yang terkonfirmasi, pengguna dapat memulihkan akses ke akunnya jika akun tersebut tidak dapat diakses. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:15}} {{PLURAL:15|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pemuatan lambat, tampilan pratinjau yang lambat, dan guliran yang lambat saat menyunting halaman wiki berukuran sangat besar di editor teks wiki 2017, serta masalah kinerja saat memilih, memotong, atau menempelkan konten, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari upaya mempromosikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] dari status fitur beta, seluruh pengguna kini akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] alih-alih [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman konten berformat JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Layanan <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> yang selama ini digunakan oleh pengguna Debian dan Ubuntu akan dihentikan dan tidak lagi berfungsi mulai 15 Mei. Sumber daya yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk layanan ini akan dialihkan ke opsi baru yang dinilai lebih baik. Sejumlah pengguna mungkin perlu beralih ke peladen lain yang diperkirakan hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar satu menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia untuk dibaca]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * Tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> akan dihapus dari [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. Jika perkakas atau kueri yang digunakan masih mengakses tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> atau <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> secara langsung, disarankan untuk segera memperbaruinya agar menggunakan tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> sebelum 28 Mei. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Setelah penerapan terbaru mengenai pembatasan laju global API (''global API rate limits'') pada lalu lintas yang tidak teridentifikasi, Wikimedia Foundation akan melanjutkan upaya untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]] dengan mulai menerapkan pembatasan global juga pada lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi, dimulai pada pekan terakhir April. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin guna meminimalkan dampak terhadap komunitas. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan pada dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] serta bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] kini telah tersedia dalam versi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. API ini berfungsi untuk mengambil informasi yang diperlukan dalam memberikan atribusi (kredit) terhadap artikel dan berkas media Wikimedia di mana pun konten tersebut digunakan. Dokumentasi referensi tersedia melalui halaman spesial REST Sandbox yang dapat diakses di seluruh wiki Wikimedia (misalnya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]). Umpan balik dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 April 2026 15.00 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Terdapat perubahan dalam cara pengguna baru memperoleh status terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') yang bertujuan meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap vandalisme. Selama ini, pengguna yang telah memiliki akun selama beberapa hari dan melakukan sejumlah suntingan akan otomatis masuk ke dalam kelompok [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]]. Namun, pengaturan ini kerap dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian pelaku vandalisme yang membuat akun lalu baru menggunakannya setelah beberapa waktu. Untuk mengatasinya, aturan tersebut akan diperbarui mulai pekan depan. Dalam penentuan status terkonfirmasi otomatis, usia akun akan dihitung sejak suntingan pertama, bukan sejak tanggal pendaftaran. Nilai ambang usia tetap tidak berubah. Perubahan ini hanya akan diterapkan pada wiki yang menuntut sekurang-kurangnya satu suntingan sebagai bagian dari kriteria terkonfirmasi otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * Kini, seluruh pengguna Wikipedia dengan akun baru, serta mereka yang mengaktifkan opsi "Secara otomatis mengaktifkan sebagian besar fitur beta" dalam preferensi, dapat menggunakan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|daftar bacaan]] (''reading lists''). Fitur ini membantu mengelola minat membaca dalam satu tempat agar mudah diakses. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar pada kotak info (''infobox'') memiliki jarak kosong yang sangat besar di Firefox kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai pengingat, pembatasan laju global pada API (''rate limits'') akan mulai diterapkan pekan ini terhadap lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi. Langkah ini bertujuan menjaga [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|penggunaan infrastruktur tetap adil]]. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang disarankan mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk batasan yang berlaku, dapat dilihat pada dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] dan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 April 2026 18.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] mengundang para penyunting berpengalaman dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|Wikipedia percontohan]]: Arab, Bengali, Jepang, Portugis, Persia, Turki, Inggris Sederhana, Spanyol, dan Prancis, untuk turut membantu menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance contoh kerangka artikel]. Kerangka ini akan menjadi pedoman bagi para penyunting dalam menyusun artikel yang jelas, terstruktur dengan baik, dan sesuai dengan kebijakan, saat [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle fitur tersebut] resmi diluncurkan pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Petunjuk sederhana]] mengenai cara menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan kerangka tersebut juga telah disediakan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|rancangan rekomendasi]] mengenai model yang dapat diikuti oleh para organisasi afiliasi ketika berkontribusi di ranah teknis. Anggota komunitas diundang untuk memberikan umpan balik terhadap rekomendasi ini hingga 8 Mei melalui [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Jumlah pilihan ukuran keluku (''thumbnail'') di MediaWiki kini disederhanakan menjadi tiga opsi baku: Kecil (180 piksel), Sedang (250 piksel), dan Besar (400 piksel), sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kinerja serta mengurangi beban pada layanan keluku. Akibatnya, preferensi yang sudah ada akan dipetakan ke ukuran baru yang paling mendekati (misalnya, pilihan kecil seperti 120 piksel atau 150 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 180 piksel, sementara pilihan lebih besar seperti 300 piksel atau 360 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 400 piksel). Antarmuka preferensi akan segera diperbarui untuk mencerminkan perubahan ini. Pengguna yang ingin menonaktifkan atau memberikan umpan balik dipersilakan melakukannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * Mulai saat ini, bahkan ketika suatu hak akses berakhir secara otomatis, pengguna tetap akan menerima pemberitahuan melalui Echo yang serupa dengan pemberitahuan standar untuk perubahan hak akses. Hal ini berbeda dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|bot pengingat global]] yang mengingatkan pengguna satu minggu ''sebelum'' hak akses berakhir agar dapat diperpanjang. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada pemilih bahasa ULS di [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] yang sebelumnya dapat bergulir secara vertikal meskipun tidak diperlukan, kini telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, saat pengguna membuka menu tarik-turun "Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris" dan mengetikkan masukan tertentu, kotak dialog akan bergeser beberapa piksel ke bawah meskipun ruang tampilan masih mencukupi. Kini, menu tersebut tidak lagi bergeser secara tidak perlu saat menyaring bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami peningkatan. Sebagai contoh, daftar pantauan untuk situs berbasis Wikibase seperti [[:d:|Wikidata]] kini mendukung elemen [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] untuk pelacakan yang lebih baik. Mode pembaruan langsung kini menyegarkan halaman khusus setiap 60 detik agar selaras dengan pembatasan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|laju API global terbaru]], sehingga meningkatkan respons waktu nyata. Selain itu, kesalahan arah teks yang sebelumnya menampilkan pranala sebagai "perubahan 3" alih-alih "3 perubahan" dalam daftar dengan arah campuran juga telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tahap kedua penerapan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|pembatasan laju API global]] telah diluncurkan untuk mengurangi [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|dampak perayap kecerdasan buatan]] serta memastikan akses yang adil dan berkelanjutan terhadap sumber daya Wikimedia, dengan memprioritaskan lalu lintas manusia dan yang selaras dengan misi. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Batasan]] yang sebelumnya dihitung per jam kini diubah menjadi per menit, sehingga menghasilkan pola lalu lintas yang lebih halus dan beban API yang lebih terprediksi. Pengguna komunitas diperkirakan tidak akan terdampak, dan tidak ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan. Indikasi awal menunjukkan bahwa sebagian peminta berbasis User-Agent mulai menyesuaikan perilakunya, dan sekitar 64% lalu lintas API otomatis telah berhasil diidentifikasi. Pemantauan terus dilakukan, dan layanan Wikimedia Enterprise tetap tersedia untuk dukungan komersial. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Méi 2026 20.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas Teknis telah mempublikasikan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|panduan baru]] yang menjelaskan bagaimana keinginan pada Daftar Harapan Komunitas disaring dan diprioritaskan. Dokumentasi ini bertujuan untuk membantu kontributor baru dalam menulis proposal yang lebih baik dengan menjelaskan faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan prioritas. Selain hitungan suara, panduan ini menyorot pertimbangan seperti potensi dampak pada komunitas ketika menentukan keinginan yang akan diteruskan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca sedang meluncurkan pengujian untuk menakar [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|fitur Kartu Berbagi]] yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk membuat kartu yang menarik secara visual dari artikel Wikipedia atau bagian artikel yang dipilih dan membagikannya secara daring. Setiap kartu akan menautkan kembali ke artikel awal untuk meningkatkan pembaca dan penemuan artikel. Pengujian A/B hanya perangkat seluler akan tersedia pada beberapa pembaca di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tiongkok, Prancis, Vietnam, dan Inggris untuk memahami lebih lanjut tentang kebiasaan pembaca dan pembagian, dan akan dijadwalkan dimulai pada pekan 18 Mei dan berjalan selama empat minggu. * Aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dan iOS meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|tantangan membaca 25 hari]] ke fitur Beta sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan pembaca dengan mendorong pengguna menyelesaikan pencapaian bacaan. Untuk melacak rentetan bacaan mereka selama periode tantangan, pengguna aplikasi dapat menambahkan gawit Baby Globe pada layar utama mereka. Tantangan ini secara resmi dimulai pada 11 Mei. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:17}} {{PLURAL:17|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, masalah ketika pengaturan global untuk mengaktifkan penyorotan sintaks pada teks wiki dapat menonaktifkan dirinya sendiri secara tiba-tiba setelah diaktifkan, sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Perihal kelanjutan]] Modul ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, sudah dihentikan sejak [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], akan dihapus pekan ini. Terdapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|panduan untuk memigrasikannya dari UI MediaWiki ke Codex]] untuk perkakas apa pun yang menggunakannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Méi 2026 19.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Abstract Wikipedia telah mengidentifikasi lima wiki potensial untuk menilai ketertarikan mereka dalam mengadopsi artikel abstrak di wiki masing-masing. Wiki percontohan tersebut meliputi Wikipedia bahasa Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arab, dan Indonesia. Masa pemberian masukan akan dibuka hingga 22 Mei. Jika komunitas Anda tertarik menjadi bagian dari proyek uji coba ini, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|silakan beri tahu kami melalui Meta]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebuah uji coba untuk menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log di web seluler akan dimulai pada 18 Mei di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, serta Urdu, dan berlangsung selama satu bulan. Upaya ini mendukung tujuan yang lebih luas untuk membantu pembaca menyimpan dan mengatur artikel agar dapat dibaca kembali di lain waktu, sekaligus mendorong kebiasaan yang berpotensi mengarah pada kontribusi di Wikipedia pada masa mendatang. * Untuk mendukung tombol markah dalam fitur beta Daftar Bacaan, menu "Perkakas > Tindakan" kini diperbarui dengan tampilan ikon, termasuk penanda bintang pantauan yang membantu penyunting mengenali artikel yang dipantau sementara. Ikon-ikon tersebut kini juga disesuaikan dengan tampilan di perangkat seluler sehingga menciptakan konsistensi antarplatform yang lebih baik. Perubahan ini saat ini masih terbatas pada menu tindakan dan terutama memengaruhi penyunting dengan hak pengguna khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] telah dirilis sebagai sebuah [[w:en:A/B test|uji A/B]] bagi penyunting baru di situs web seluler pada [[phab:T421189|sekitar 15 Wikipedia]]. Eksperimen ini akan mengukur dampak Mode Saran terhadap persentase sesi penyuntingan pengguna baru di web seluler yang menghasilkan suntingan artikel yang konstruktif (''unreverted''). Selain itu, uji coba ini juga akan mengevaluasi pengaruh fitur tersebut terhadap tingkat retensi penyunting, serta memantau perubahan pada tingkat pengembalian suntingan (''revert'') dan pemblokiran pengguna. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang terkadang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat setelah membuka notifikasi daftar bacaan rekomendasi kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata]] telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|rekomendasi pengganti sistem sisi belakang]] beserta rancangan [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|arsitektur teknis]] untuk migrasi Layanan Kueri Wikidata (WDQS) dari grap Blazegraph. Masukan dibuka hingga 25 Mei 2026, terutama berkenaan dengan kemungkinan celah maupun dampaknya terhadap penggunaan tingkat lanjut. Anggota komunitas Wikidata dan pengguna WDQS juga didorong untuk membantu mengidentifikasi perkakas dan alur kerja berdampak tinggi yang mungkin memerlukan perhatian lebih pada [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|halaman terkait]]. Masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|halaman pembicaraan migrasi]] atau saat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|sesi pembicaraan berikutnya]]. Lihat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala tim WDP]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Jepang, dan beberapa bahasa lainnya, sempat dilakukan [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|uji coba penggunaan hCaptcha]], layanan pendeteksi bot pihak ketiga. Uji coba tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hCaptcha cukup efektif dalam mendeteksi dan menghambat sejumlah aktivitas otomatis yang dilakukan dengan niat buruk, baik secara langsung maupun dengan memberikan sinyal tambahan kepada [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|para pemeriksa dan penatalayan]] untuk melakukan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Karena hasilnya dinilai positif, hCaptcha akan diterapkan di seluruh wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|Lihat halaman proyek hCaptcha]] untuk informasi teknis mengenai implementasi dan perlindungan privasinya. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Kabar terbaru dari Teknis Komunitas kini telah tersedia, menampilkan perkembangan berbagai inisiatif Daftar Harapan Komunitas, termasuk perluasan fitur Daftar Bacaan dari aplikasi seluler ke situs web, dukungan bahasa baru untuk fitur "Siapa yang Menulisnya" ("''Who Wrote That''") dan Dasbor Pribadi, peningkatan pada perenderan 3D dan grafik, serta rencana pengembangan mendatang mengenai pengurutan halaman pembicaraan, pemutaran audio, dan alur penyuntingan. Pembaruan tersebut juga membagikan prioritas saat ini, tren status daftar harapan, serta peluang bagi komunitas untuk memberikan masukan mengenai fokus pengembangan di masa depan dan Rencana Tahunan Wikimedia Foundation 2026–2027. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Baca nawala lengkapnya untuk informasi lebih lanjut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18 Méi 2026 20.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|uji coba pembuatan akun berjalan dengan sukses]], pesan peringatan penyuntingan bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki Wikimedia pada minggu pertama Juni. Perubahan ini hanya akan memengaruhi pengguna yang belum masuk log di web seluler ketika mereka membuka sesi penyuntingan. Pengalaman baru tersebut dirancang untuk mendorong pembuatan akun dengan lebih jelas, sambil tetap memungkinkan pengguna menyunting menggunakan akun sementara. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pembuatan akun, dengan kenaikan relatif sebesar 27% pada pengguna yang melihat pesan terbaru tersebut. Seperti yang diperkirakan, semakin banyak pengguna yang diarahkan untuk membuat akun, jumlah akun sementara pun menurun sebesar 16% secara relatif. Percobaan ini tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan terhadap tingkat suntingan konstruktif atau metrik kontributor lain yang dipantau. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Demi alasan keamanan, anggota dari kelompok pengguna tertentu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Anggota dari kelompok tersebut tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan metode 2FA terakhir pada akun mereka, dan pengguna tanpa 2FA juga tidak dapat ditambahkan ke kelompok tersebut. Pengguna masih dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama setidaknya satu metode tetap aktif setiap saat. Dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok tersebut. Secara khusus, ketentuan ini berlaku juga bagi para birokrat. Jadwal penerapannya dapat dilihat pada tugas terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Tim Harapan Teknis Wikimedia Deutschland]] akan menjalankan [[w:en:A/B testing|uji A/B]] di [[:phab:T415904|10 wiki]] untuk menguji sejumlah kemungkinan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|Pratayang Referensi]]. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama sekitar dua minggu pada akhir Mei hingga awal Juni, dan akan memengaruhi 10% pembaca desktop di wiki yang berpartisipasi. * Setelah dua uji coba yang berhasil, tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penelusuran Gambar]] untuk seluruh Wikipedia versi seluler pada 25 Mei. Dengan demikian, pengguna yang mengaktifkan seluruh fitur beta secara bawaan akan mulai melihat fitur ini, sementara pengguna lain dapat mengaktifkannya melalui preferensi masing-masing. Fitur beta tersebut akan menampilkan karusel seluruh gambar dalam sebuah artikel di bagian atas halaman artikel, lengkap dengan [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|kendali bagi penyunting untuk mengecualikan gambar tertentu dari karusel artikel atau mengecualikan artikel sepenuhnya dari fitur ini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, berkas STL tiga dimensi sebelumnya ditampilkan secara tidak tepat oleh ekstensi penampil media (''media viewer'') 3D, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelas CSS lama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> telah digantikan oleh <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> karena kedua kelas lama tersebut tidak bekerja secara konsisten di seluruh platform MediaWiki, terutama pada web seluler dan aplikasi seluler. Proyek yang masih menggunakan kelas tersebut dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaannya dan mulai merencanakan migrasi. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> juga berpotensi tidak digunakan lagi di masa mendatang, meskipun saat ini belum ada rencana untuk melakukannya. [[phab:T426452|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Méi 2026 21.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Survey (proposed direction for Wishlist) == Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}. You are invited to voice your opinion on a new [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|community-proposed direction]] for the [[m:Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 29 Méi 2026 03.07 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:기나ㅏㄴ@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%E3%85%8F%E3%84%B4/MassMessage&oldid=30604233 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menjalankan sebuah eksperimen untuk menampilkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|daftar bacaan]], yang saat ini masih dalam tahap pengembangan, kepada pembaca seluler yang belum masuk log. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji apakah fitur tersebut dapat mendorong pembuatan akun dengan tingkat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tombol bintang pantauan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|Eksperimen ]]ini diluncurkan pada 18 Mei di wiki bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, dan Urdu, serta akan berlangsung selama satu bulan. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia telah merilis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Fase 1]] dari beranda yang telah didesain ulang pada aplikasi Android Beta. Beranda baru ini mencakup tab "Komunitas" yang diperbarui serta tab "Untuk Anda" yang dipersonalisasi, yang menampilkan rekomendasi bacaan yang diperbarui setiap hari. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan penemuan konten serta menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih menarik di aplikasi Wikipedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat pada beberapa suntingan yang disarankan di [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], sehingga keluku (''thumbnail'') terus berada dalam keadaan memuat, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Juni 2026 21.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Enterprise telah meningkatkan batas penggunaan gratis layanan API yang ditawarkannya. Batas permintaan bulanan untuk API Berdasarkan Permintaan (''On-Demand API'') meningkat dari 5.000 menjadi 50.000 permintaan, sedangkan batas untuk API Salinan Data (''Snapshot API'') meningkat dari 15 menjadi 30 permintaan per bulan. Selain itu, salinan data Konten Terstruktur (''Structured Contents snapshot'') kini juga tersedia bagi akun gratis. Perubahan ini memperluas akses terhadap data Wikimedia Enterprise bagi pengembang, peneliti, dan organisasi yang memanfaatkan konten Wikimedia. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Umpan Jelajah (''Explore Feed'') yang telah diperbarui]] dan kini bernama Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') mulai diluncurkan kepada 50% pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android. Umpan Beranda membantu pembaca menemukan konten yang relevan melalui dua tab baru, yaitu Komunitas (''Community'') dan Untuk Anda (''For You''). Tab Komunitas menyediakan aliran konten yang dapat digulir berisi materi pilihan dan pembaruan dari komunitas dan gerakan Wikimedia secara luas. Sementara itu, tab Untuk Anda menawarkan pengalaman layar penuh yang dapat dijelajahi dengan menggeser layar, menampilkan konten yang disesuaikan dengan minat pengguna. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan kemudahan menemukan informasi serta memperkaya pengalaman belajar di aplikasi Wikipedia. * Permainan kuis harian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Mana yang lebih dulu?]] (''Which came first?'') kini tersedia dalam versi beta aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. Permainan ini memanfaatkan peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah dari konten Wikipedia "Pada Hari Ini" dan menantang pembaca untuk menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu di antara dua pilihan yang diberikan. Sebelumnya, permainan ini telah dirilis untuk Android. Komunitas yang ingin menghadirkan permainan tersebut dalam bahasa mereka dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|membaca petunjuk dan persyaratan yang tersedia]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]], fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali referensi yang sama dengan penjelas yang berbeda, akan mulai diluncurkan ke wiki Wikimedia setelah sukses melewati tahap uji coba. Penerapan akan dimulai pada 8 Juni untuk sebagian besar [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|wiki Kelompok 1]] dan Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, kemudian diperluas ke edisi Wikipedia dalam bahasa lain selama beberapa bulan mendatang. Komunitas dianjurkan untuk melakukan persiapan dengan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate memeriksa apakah masih ada pesan ekstensi Cite yang belum diterjemahkan] ke dalam bahasa mereka, dan meninjau penggunaan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] yang mungkin memerlukan [[:phab:T416304#11668731|pembaruan]] agar mendukung fungsi baru tersebut. Wiki yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun. Komunitas juga dapat mempertimbangkan untuk membuat [[Special:TrackingCategories|kategori pelacakan]] ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' sebagai kategori tersembunyi menggunakan <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (atau templat khusus), lalu menghubungkannya dengan butir Wikidata yang sesuai, yaitu [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Eksperimen Pratayang Halaman (''Page Previews'')]] di Wikipedia versi web seluler telah berakhir. Tim memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas setelah hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa fitur ini tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap tingkat retensi pembaca, yang merupakan metrik keberhasilan utama. Pratayan Halaman, yang saat ini sudah tersedia pada versi desktop dan aplikasi, menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala menuju artikel lengkap ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Eksperimen ini menguji pengalaman tersebut pada versi web seluler di enam Wikipedia. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|Pustaka ikon antarmuka pengguna]] akan [[phab:T399175|diperbarui pada pekan ini atau pekan depan]]. Sebagian besar dari sekitar 300 ikon yang ada telah mengalami penyempurnaan kecil, dan sekitar 30 ikon baru telah ditambahkan. Perubahan ini bertujuan menjadikan ikon lebih konsisten, lebih mudah dipahami, serta memiliki keseimbangan visual yang lebih baik ketika digunakan secara berkelompok. * Antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Pemilih Bahasa Universal]] (''Universal Language Selector'' atau ULS) di MediaWiki, yang membantu pengguna memilih konten dalam bahasa lain, telah diperbarui. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kecepatan dan aksesibilitas. Pengguna proyek Wikimedia kini juga dapat menyematkan bahasa tertentu agar proses berpindah bahasa menjadi lebih cepat. Penerapan ke situs-situs Wikimedia akan dilakukan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu ke depan. Fitur ini sudah dapat diuji sebagai [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] melalui pengaturan preferensi profil, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada dasbor Pageviews Analysis di pageviews.wmcloud.org, yang menyebabkan data grafik berhenti diperbarui sejak Mei 2026 dan memengaruhi seluruh pengguna, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tanda tangan fungsi (''function signature'') untuk <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> kini telah disederhanakan. Pengembang sekarang dapat memberikan sebuah objek konfigurasi sebagai parameter, menggantikan daftar parameter posisi yang sebelumnya digunakan saat membuat pranala portlet. Format lama tetap didukung demi menjaga kompatibilitas dengan skrip yang sudah ada. Sebagai contoh, alih-alih menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi>, pengembang kini dapat menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Para pemelihara skrip dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> yang sudah ada dan memperbaruinya bila diperlukan. Perubahan ini akan tersedia di seluruh wiki mulai 11 Juni. Terima kasih kepada sukarelawan komunitas Gerges yang telah berkontribusi dalam pengembangan peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Diskusi Daftar Harapan Komunitas:''' Tim Produk dan Teknologi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|memperkenalkan sejumlah perubahan]] yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan kompleksitas usulan komunitas yang dapat diwujudkan, termasuk pembubaran tim Teknis Komunitas. Saat ini sedang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|berlangsung diskusi]] dengan anggota komunitas mengenai [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|arah baru yang diusulkan untuk program daftar harapan tersebut]]. Topik yang dibahas mencakup cara menyusun pemungutan suara tahunan, peningkatan pelacakan usulan, penghapusan fokus area tertentu, serta pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|penugasan staf]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juni 2026 21.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penjelajahan Gambar]] (''Image Browsing'') pada versi web seluler di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini menampilkan korsel gambar di bagian atas artikel yang memiliki tiga gambar atau lebih. Para penyunting dapat mengatur fitur ini melalui beberapa kontrol yang tersedia. Untuk menyembunyikan gambar tertentu dari suatu halaman, gunakan <code>class=notpageimage</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak ditampilkan dalam pratinjau keluku, atau gunakan <code>class=noviewer</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak tersedia di MediaViewer. Korsel gambar juga dapat dinonaktifkan sepenuhnya pada suatu halaman dengan menggunakan kata magis <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. Untuk memberikan masukan atau melaporkan galat, silakan kunjungi [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Tabel wiki]] (''wikitable'') kini dapat langsung [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|diurutkan dalam urutan menurun]] pada klik pertama dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> pada sel tajuk. Sebelumnya, secara bawaan, klik pertama pada tajuk kolom akan mengurutkan data dalam urutan menaik. Penambahan ini memberikan kendali dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar dalam pengaturan tabel, sementara perilaku bawaan untuk klik berikutnya tetap tidak berubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] (''Article guidance'') saat ini sedang diuji coba kepada sebagian penyunting yang membuat artikel baru di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki. Dalam waktu dekat, uji coba juga akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Arab dan Wikipedia bahasa Bengali. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|Fitur ini]] menyediakan panduan yang disusun dan dikurasi oleh komunitas untuk membantu penyunting membuat artikel yang sesuai dengan standar komunitas setempat. Para penyunting berpengalaman dapat terus membuat atau menyesuaikan kerangka artikel untuk jenis-jenis artikel tertentu yang umumnya dibuat oleh kontributor yang lebih baru. Kerangka tersebut berfungsi sebagai panduan agar penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman dapat menghasilkan artikel berkualitas tinggi. Panduan singkat mengenai markah yang digunakan dalam kerangka artikel tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|halaman ini]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Contoh kerangka]] yang dapat disesuaikan beserta petunjuk penyesuaiannya juga tersedia pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|bagian terkait]] di halaman proyek tersebut. * Wiki yang ingin mengganti tombol "indefinitely" pada halaman Special:Block untuk akun sementara (misalnya wiki yang hanya memblokir pengguna sementara hingga masa berlaku akun berakhir) kini dapat melakukannya dengan membuat halaman [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] dan menentukan durasi pemblokiran yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:41}} {{PLURAL:41|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir Juni, pengunduhan data arsip (''dump data'') secara otomatis dari situs dumps.wikimedia.org akan mewajibkan penggunaan untaian ''user-agent'' yang sahih. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan ''user-agent'' umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Kebijakan ini merupakan [[phab:T400119|perluasan dari penegakan]] [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] yang telah lama berlaku. Akses terhadap arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Cloud Services'') tidak akan mengalami perubahan. * Penerapan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|batas laju API]] global kini telah selesai sepenuhnya. Batas tersebut sudah diberlakukan pada seluruh API sesuai tingkat yang telah didokumentasikan untuk setiap kelompok pengguna. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge atau Wikimedia Cloud Services (WMCS), maupun bot yang memiliki hak pengguna bot pada wiki mana pun, tetap dikecualikan dari pembatasan ini. Seluruh bot tetap dianjurkan mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah didokumentasikan untuk menghindari pembatasan laju permintaan. * [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wiki Portal API] akan beralih ke mode hanya-baca mulai pekan ini (15–18 Juni). Pada pekan berikutnya (22–25 Juni), seluruh URL API Portal akan dialihkan ke dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs di mediaWiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek tersebut]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pada 17 Juni pukul 18.00 UTC, Wikimedia Foundation akan menyelenggarakan panggilan Discord yang berfokus pada proses tinjauan kode (''code review''). Berdasarkan hasil [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang]], banyak sukarelawan menyampaikan bahwa mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam proses tinjauan kode. Melalui diskusi ini, Wikimedia Foundation berharap dapat memahami pengalaman tersebut dan menemukan solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Siapa pun yang berminat dapat bergabung [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 melalui peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Konferensi Wikimedia Amerika Latin]] akan menyelenggarakan sebuah ''hackathon'' regional yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pengembang, pengurus sistem, ilmuwan data, dan pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan. Kontributor teknis yang berminat dapat [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform mengajukan beasiswa] partisipasi hingga 21 Juni pukul 00.00 waktu Bolivia (UTC−4). * Pendaftaran Tantangan Tim Wikimania kini telah dibuka. Kegiatan khusus ini akan berlangsung secara daring maupun luring pada 21–22 Juli, menjelang konferensi Wikimania. Semua orang dipersilakan untuk berpartisipasi, tanpa memandang tingkat keterampilan ataupun status pendaftaran Wikimania. Setiap tim akan bekerja sama menyelesaikan sepuluh tantangan penting yang mendukung komunitas Wikimedia. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|halaman Tantangan Tim]] dan [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ mendaftar di sana]. Pendaftaran akan ditutup pada 20 Juni pukul 23.00 UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Juni 2026 16.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]] [[phab:T418115|kini telah tersedia di Wikidata]]. Pembaruan ini memungkinkan akses ke fitur Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|jika telah diatur]]), modul Dampak, Panel Bantuan, dan Beranda Pendatang Baru yang disederhanakan (tanpa fitur Suntingan yang Disarankan). Para pengurus Wikidata saat ini masih mengatur fitur-fitur tersebut melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman khusus [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] telah dibuat. Halaman ini memungkinkan pengguna menemukan rentang alamat IP tanpa perlu mengandalkan perkakas eksternal. Sebelumnya, perkakas ini hanya tersedia bagi pengguna dengan hak Pemeriksa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]] merupakan fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali suatu rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda-beda. Fitur ini akan diterapkan pada sebagian besar Wikipedia bahasa berukuran kecil dan menengah pada 23 Juni. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|Halaman Tanya Jawab]] (FAQ) memuat berbagai langkah yang dapat dilakukan di wiki Anda untuk mendukung penerapan tersebut. [[:phab:T414094|Rencana peluncuran]] juga tersedia untuk melihat tahapan penerapan berikutnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Mulai pekan depan, pengguna akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika mereka diblokir atau dicabut pemblokirannya dari penyuntingan, atau apabila terdapat perubahan terhadap pemblokiran tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan depan, penyaring penyalahgunaan yang diatur untuk "memerlukan verifikasi CAPTCHA" juga akan berlaku bagi pengguna yang memiliki hak <code>skipcaptcha</code>, termasuk sebagian besar pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi secara otomatis (''autoconfirmed''). Bot dikecualikan dari perubahan ini. Perubahan tersebut hanya memengaruhi suntingan yang memicu suatu penyaring penyalahgunaan. Hak <code>skipcaptcha</code> tetap akan membebaskan pengguna dari keharusan menyelesaikan CAPTCHA dalam penggunaan wiki sehari-hari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Dokumentasi rujukan untuk [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] telah dipindahkan dari Portal API ke [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox] yang bersifat interaktif. * Wiki Portal API kini telah ditutup. Untuk dokumentasi API, silakan merujuk ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|API Wikimedia di MediaWiki]]. Seluruh URL wiki Portal API (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) akan dialihkan ke halaman mediawiki.org mulai 22 Juni. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Bergabunglah dalam pertemuan daring pada 25 Juni pukul 14.30 UTC untuk berkenalan dengan para pemagang Wikimedia saat ini dalam program [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] dan [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Para peserta magang akan memberikan gambaran umum mengenai proyek yang mereka kerjakan dan pemaparan singkat tentang hasil pekerjaan mereka sejauh ini. Para peserta yang hadir juga didorong untuk [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|berbagi gagasan dan menjalin koneksi dengan komunitas masing-masing]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 13.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Eksperimen Pembuatan Akun]], tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') menguji penambahan ikon akun pengguna pada tajuk versi web seluler bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log. Ikon tersebut menyediakan akses langsung ke opsi "Buat akun" dan "Masuk log". Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ini meningkatkan pembuatan akun sekitar 20% tanpa berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas suntingan atau tingkat suntingan yang bersifat konstruktif. Fitur ini akan mulai diterapkan di seluruh wiki Wikimedia Foundation pada versi web seluler pada minggu pertama bulan Juli. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * Setelah melalui [[phab:T426248|uji coba yang berhasil]], pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surelnya]] saat akun dibuat kini akan melihat sebuah spanduk baru yang mengingatkan mereka untuk menyelesaikan proses tersebut. Langkah ini membantu mengurangi risiko pengguna kehilangan akses ke akun mereka, dan meningkatkan keandalan alamat surel yang terhubung dengan akun. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * Pembaruan pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] menyempurnakan cara kerja <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> ketika digunakan untuk mengecualikan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> dengan negasi dapat secara tidak sengaja memperluas hasil pencarian dengan menambahkan ruang nama yang termasuk dalam cakupan pencarian, sehingga perilakunya membingungkan bagi pengguna yang mengharapkan penyaring pengecualian yang sederhana. Melalui pembaruan ini, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> kini hanya akan mengecualikan judul halaman yang sesuai sebagaimana mestinya, dan dapat menampilkan peringatan apabila ruang nama yang relevan belum dipilih secara eksplisit. Sementara itu, perilaku <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> tanpa negasi tetap tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan peninjau yang menggunakan bilah alat Kurasi Halaman (''Page Curation'') tidak secara otomatis berlangganan diskusi halaman pembicaraan yang mereka mulai kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, peninjau akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika seseorang membalas diskusi tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 29 Juni, unduhan otomatis dari situs web dumps.wikimedia.org akan mengikuti [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan agen pengguna]]. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan agen pengguna umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Akses ke arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia tidak akan terpengaruh. Perubahan ini merupakan tindak lanjut dari pengumuman yang disampaikan pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Berita Teknis edisi 2026/25]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juni 2026 11.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada bilah pencarian di Wikidata yang sebelumnya menampilkan hasil dalam bahasa Inggris alih-alih menggunakan bahasa kedua yang sesuai bagi pengguna varian bahasa kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, saran pencarian akan mengikuti rantai bahasa kedua yang diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai persiapan menuju [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|kampanye Celebrate Women]] yang direncanakan berlangsung pada Maret 2027, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|tim Pemberdayaan Konten]] dari Wikimedia Foundation meluncurkan survei yang terdiri atas 22 pertanyaan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai kontribusi teknis yang dilakukan oleh perempuan+ (siapa pun yang mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai perempuan) di berbagai proyek Wikimedia. Survei ini membutuhkan waktu sekitar 15–20 menit untuk diselesaikan dan akan tetap dibuka hingga 20 Juli 2026. Seluruh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|pertanyaannya]] juga telah tersedia di wiki sehingga dapat ditinjau terlebih dahulu. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Ekstensi Score]] kini mendukung penyajian partitur musik dalam format gambar SVG selain PNG. Pembaruan ini menjawab [[:phab:T49578|permintaan fitur]] yang telah lama diajukan, sekaligus mengatasi masalah kualitas gambar yang selama ini terjadi. Kedua format tersebut kini akan dikirimkan kepada pengguna: format PNG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> dan SVG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi>. * Pengurai [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] yang baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|terus diterapkan ke wiki lainnya]] untuk mempermudah pengenalan berbagai fitur baru dalam membaca dan menyunting. Pengurai ini kini telah diaktifkan di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, sehingga cakupan penerapannya telah mencapai 78,9% dari seluruh tampilan halaman Wikipedia. Penerapan pada Wikipedia bahasa Inggris versi desktop akan terus berlanjut sepanjang pekan ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|Tulisan rangkuman]] mengenai Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 kini telah diterbitkan. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai proyek, sesi, dan kegiatan sosial yang berlangsung selama acara tahun ini, dan membagikan rencana awal penyelenggaraan Wikimedia Hackathon 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Juli 2026 13.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revisi Nada]] (''Revise Tone'') membantu pengguna baru mengenali bagian-bagian dalam artikel Wikipedia yang mungkin menggunakan bahasa yang kurang sesuai dengan gaya ensiklopedis, sekaligus mengajaknya untuk mempertimbangkan penyuntingan ulang agar nada tulisannya lebih tepat. Fitur ini telah diuji melalui [[w:en:A/B_testing|pengujian A/B]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penyelesaian tugas oleh pengguna baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|meningkat sebesar 38,7%]] dibandingkan dengan tugas penyuntingan teks bawaan, tanpa penurunan kualitas suntingan. Uji coba tersebut berakhir pada 9 Juli, dan kini fitur ini tersedia bagi semua pengguna di wiki-wiki tersebut, dan dapat diatur melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. Selanjutnya, fitur ini [[phab:T426364|direncanakan]] akan diluncurkan ke lebih banyak wiki. * Konfigurasi komunitas yang memungkinkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|pembimbing tidak aktif dihapus secara otomatis]] berdasarkan kriteria yang dapat disesuaikan akan mulai diaktifkan pada hari Kamis, 16 Juli, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|di sejumlah wiki]] agar daftar pembimbing tetap mutakhir. Pembimbing merupakan kontributor berpengalaman yang secara sukarela mendaftarkan diri untuk membantu pengguna baru di wiki melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]]. Pengurus kini dapat menyiapkan pengaturannya melalui [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]. Pengaturan tersebut akan mulai berlaku pada hari Kamis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:38}} {{PLURAL:38|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android langsung keluar log sesaat setelah masuk log (''login'') sehingga mereka tidak dapat tetap masuk log dan menyunting halaman, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Penyuntingan halaman menggunakan skrip pengguna atau gawai sebelumnya menyebabkan label daftar pantauan yang telah ditetapkan pengguna pada halaman tersebut kembali ke kondisi awal. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * Sebagai solusi sementara untuk mengatasi bug pada Safari (lihat [[phab:T425211]]), pada wiki yang telah mengaktifkan Parsoid, atribut href pada pranala wiki kini menggunakan URL absolut, alih-alih URL relatif terhadap protokol (''protocol-relative URL''). Keluaran REST API tidak mengalami perubahan dan tetap menggunakan URL relatif terhadap protokol. Oleh karena itu, gawai, skrip pengguna, bot, atau CSS mungkin perlu disesuaikan apabila sebelumnya bergantung pada penggunaan URL relatif terhadap protokol dalam atribut href pada pranala wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Platform Eksperimen (''Experiment Platform Team'') dari Wikimedia Foundation telah menerbitkan sebuah tulisan di blog yang merenungkan tahun pertama pelaksanaan uji coba terstruktur mereka. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai eksperimen yang berhasil, seperti Pemeriksaan Tempel, Pemeriksaan Referensi, dan Pemeriksaan Nada Bahasa, yang terbukti meningkatkan hasil penyuntingan dan kini telah diluncurkan kepada lebih banyak pengguna. Selain itu, tulisan tersebut juga membahas sejumlah eksperimen yang pada akhirnya tidak menghasilkan perubahan terhadap produk. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Juli 2026 16.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah menindaklanjuti berbagai masukan dari komunitas mengenai penempatan tombol bintang pantauan (''watchstar'') dan daftar pantauan (''watchlist'') pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|fitur beta Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''). Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca di lain waktu dan merupakan salah satu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|usulan dalam daftar harapan pengembangan]] agar fungsi tersebut tersedia di antarmuka web. Para penyunting diundang untuk mengaktifkan fitur beta ini, mencobanya, dan [[phab:T426453|menyampaikan tanggapan maupun masukan mereka]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] menghadirkan saran penyuntingan di dalam VisualEditor untuk membantu meningkatkan kualitas artikel Wikipedia. [[Special:EditChecks|Seluruh saran]] yang ditampilkan dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|dikonfigurasi oleh komunitas]]. Salah satu fiturnya, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]], memungkinkan para sukarelawan membuat saran lokal yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan wiki masing-masing. Fitur ini bekerja dengan mencari pola teks tertentu di dalam artikel, dan kini telah mendukung penggunaan ekspresi reguler. Dukungan tersebut memberikan ketelitian dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar bagi para sukarelawan dalam menentukan jenis saran lokal yang ingin dibuat. Perlu diketahui bahwa saran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|dapat disasar]] berdasarkan jumlah suntingan penyunting atau berbagai karakteristik lain dari halaman yang sedang disunting. Sebagai referensi, tersedia pula [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|berbagai contoh dari komunitas lain]], termasuk TextMatch yang dapat mendeteksi kesalahan ketik, kesalahan tata bahasa, potensi konten promosi, penggunaan ungkapan klise, kesalahan penggunaan tanda pisah atau tanda hubung, kata-kata penunjuk waktu yang tidak spesifik, nama yang sudah tidak lagi digunakan, dan lain-lain. Segala bentuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|masukan]] sangat diharapkan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada perkakas Penerjemah SVG (''SVG Translate''), yang sebelumnya menggunakan versi berkas yang sudah usang. Akibatnya, terjemahan yang sudah ada dapat tertimpa saat terjemahan baru diunggah. Masalah tersebut [[phab:T430577|kini telah diperbaiki]]. Secara keseluruhan, sepanjang triwulan April–Juni 2026, Wikimedia Foundation telah menyelesaikan sekitar 337 tugas yang diajukan oleh komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada wiki yang telah menggunakan Parsoid, kini jumlah gambar yang dapat dihasilkan dalam satu halaman akan dibatasi hingga 1.250 gambar. Kategori pelacakan baru bernama "media-limit-reached" akan segera tersedia untuk membantu mengidentifikasi halaman yang mencapai batas tersebut. Dengan adanya kategori ini, halaman yang keluaran medianya mungkin dibatasi selama proses render akan lebih mudah ditemukan. Lihat [[phab:T430854]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk menyampaikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2026 05.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Penerjemahan Konten]] (''Content Translation''), kini mendukung mode gelap. Pembaruan ini memenuhi salah satu [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|permintaan dari Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] dan membuat perkakas tersebut selaras dengan fitur aksesibilitas yang telah tersedia pada kulit Vector 2022 dan Minerva. Dengan dukungan ini, pengguna yang menerjemahkan konten dapat mengurangi kelelahan visual saat menggunakan perkakas tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * Mode sumber pada DiscussionTools dan penyunting teks wiki 2017 kini akan menyediakan fitur pelengkapan otomatis untuk pranala (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templat (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), tag HTML dan pengurai (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), dan kata magis (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>). Fitur ini membuat proses penyisipan pranala, templat, dan elemen markah wiki lainnya menjadi lebih cepat dan mudah ketika melakukan penyuntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah menyelesaikan eksperimennya mengenai pratinjau halaman pada perangkat seluler (''mobile page previews'') dan memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas. Pratinjau Halaman (''Page Previews'') merupakan lembar tersembul di bagian bawah layar yang muncul ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Fitur ini menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka artikel, dan opsi untuk membuka artikel tersebut. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan tingkat retensi yang relatif datar dan metrik indikator yang negatif. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembaca Wikipedia melalui web seluler lebih memilih berpindah langsung ke artikel yang ditautkan daripada menggunakan pratinjau halaman. * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca memperoleh hasil awal yang menjanjikan dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|fitur Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''), dengan 93% pengguna yang berpartisipasi melaporkan bahwa fitur tersebut bermanfaat. Fitur ini membantu pembaca aktif menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca kembali di masa mendatang dan mendukung tujuan pembelajaran mereka dalam proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Tim tersebut berencana melakukan peningkatan lebih lanjut sebelum memperluas penggunaan fitur ini kepada lebih banyak pengguna. * Inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Penyegaran Jelajah Umpan]] (''Explore Feed Refresh'') telah diuji coba kepada pembaca baru dan pembaca kasual aplikasi Wikipedia. Tampilan umpan yang diperbarui ini membantu pembaca menemukan artikel baru yang relevan dengan lebih mudah. Setelah fitur tersebut menghasilkan peningkatan interaksi sebesar 10,5% pada penggunaan umpan, tim Aplikasi Wikimedia memutuskan untuk menerapkan desain ulang Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') pada perangkat iOS, dengan memanfaatkan pembelajaran dari peluncuran versi Android. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada fitur Panduan Artikel yang menyebabkan nama subjek ditampilkan dengan penggunaan huruf kapital yang keliru di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis kini telah diperbaiki. Nama subjek tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan sesuai dengan aturan kapitalisasi yang berlaku dalam bahasa terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah melakukan serangkaian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Uji Coba Pembuatan Akun]] untuk meningkatkan persentase pengguna yang berhasil menyelesaikan proses registrasi, versi terbaru kolom nama pengguna pada halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Buat Akun]] kini telah diterapkan. Versi terbaru ini menambahkan jendela sembul yang berisi [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|ringkasan kebijakan nama pengguna]], sehingga pengguna memperoleh panduan yang lebih jelas saat membuat akun. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, pesan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> yang telah dikonfigurasi oleh beberapa komunitas tidak akan digunakan lagi. Jika komunitas ingin menyesuaikan panduan yang ditampilkan pada dialog sembul baru tersebut, mereka dapat menyunting halaman pesan-pesan berikut: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaks CodeMirror]] akan menyediakan pilihan tema. Tema tersebut dapat dipilih melalui menu tarik-turun pada dialog [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|pengaturan lengkap CodeMirror]]. Untuk teks wiki, tema yang tersedia adalah: ''default'' (tampilan standar), ''colorblind-friendly'' (ramah bagi pengguna dengan buta warna; sebelumnya merupakan opsi preferensi buta warna pada [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]), dan ''no-highlighting'' (tanpa penyorotan sintaks). Untuk bahasa pemrograman seperti CSS, JavaScript, JSON, Vue, dan Lua, tersedia beberapa pilihan tema lainnya. Tema-tema yang sama nantinya juga akan tersedia untuk teks wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * Mulai sekarang, wiki dapat membatasi penyuntingan pada ruang nama "Pengguna" hanya kepada pemilik halaman tersebut dan kelompok pengguna tertentu. Silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|membaca dokumentasi konfigurasi]] untuk mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Juli 2026 18.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah mengembangkan sebuah ''[https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo]'' yang mengatur agar bilah perkakas halaman ditampilkan dalam dua baris ketika ruang horizontal tidak mencukupi untuk menampung seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini bertujuan mengurangi kesan sesak pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi di beberapa Wikipedia dalam berbagai bahasa pada lebar layar tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca berencana meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|salah satu usulan dalam Daftar Harapan Komunitas]], sebagai fitur penuh pada bulan September. Saat ini, fitur tersebut sudah dapat dicoba melalui versi beta. Menjelang peluncurannya, dibutuhkan bantuan para penerjemah sukarelawan untuk menerjemahkan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate pesan-pesan antarmuka] ke berbagai bahasa. Fitur ini dirancang untuk mendukung kegiatan membaca sekaligus membantu pengguna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran mereka di Wikipedia. * Mulai pekan depan, daftar isi pada halaman berkas di Wikimedia Commons akan disempurnakan dengan menggabungkan daftar isi khusus halaman berkas ke dalam daftar isi utama halaman. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan pengguna memahami struktur halaman berkas, berpindah ke bagian tertentu dengan lebih mudah, dan membagikan pranala yang langsung mengarah ke bagian yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian gambar berformat [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] gagal dimuat setelah keluku (''thumbnail'') diklik, sehingga yang tampil hanyalah gambar rusak, bukan gambar berukuran penuh, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pemilih variabel dan fungsi pada AbuseFilter kini telah diperbarui dengan dukungan pencarian dan pelengkapan otomatis (''autocomplete''). Pembaruan ini memungkinkan para pengelola penyaring menemukan variabel atau fungsi yang diinginkan dengan lebih cepat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * Format video MJPEG dan VP8 telah dihapus dari pemutar video. Sebagai penggantinya, kini ditambahkan dukungan untuk format MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 2) yang mampu menyajikan video dengan kualitas lebih baik pada perangkat iPhone generasi lama. Proses pembaruan terhadap seluruh video yang sudah ada akan dilakukan secara bertahap dan diperkirakan memerlukan waktu beberapa pekan hingga semuanya selesai diperbarui. Sementara itu, format bawaan yang digunakan untuk perangkat modern tetap tidak berubah, yaitu VP9/WebM. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Agustus 2026 19.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kini [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|tersedia ChartWizard baru di Wikimedia Commons]] bagi pengguna yang ingin membuat bagan dari data mereka sendiri. Fitur ini membuat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|ekstensi Chart]] lebih ramah bagi pemula karena memungkinkan penyunting membuat berbagai jenis bagan, seperti bagan batang dan bagan pai, tanpa perlu menulis kode JSON. Bagi pengguna yang lebih memilih cara tersebut, tersedia pula opsi untuk beralih ke penyunting JSON kapan saja. Masukan dan tanggapan mengenai perkakas baru ini sangat diharapkan melalui [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|halaman pembicaraan usulan terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Salah satu contohnya adalah perbaikan pada gawit Gambar Pilihan Hari Ini di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS. Sebelumnya, gawit tersebut menampilkan gambar yang sama setiap hari alih-alih memperbaruinya secara harian. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gambar SVG untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|rumus matematika]] tidak lama lagi akan dihasilkan secara langsung di sisi peramban, bukan lagi di sisi peladen. Sementara itu, MathML akan tetap dibuat di peladen dan ditampilkan di peramban tanpa memerlukan JavaScript. Perubahan ini akan mulai diterapkan di Wikibooks pada 12 Agustus, di Wikisource pada 19 Agustus, dan di Wikipedia secara bertahap antara 20–27 Agustus. Anda dapat mencobanya lebih awal dengan memilih opsi "Penerapan MathJax di sisi klien" ("''Client side MathJax rendering''") di preferensi. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|penghentian penggunaan RESTBase]] dan [[phab:T431372|Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Halaman kategori akan segera mendukung pengurutan entri berdasarkan waktu saat halaman tersebut ditambahkan ke dalam kategori. Fitur ini akan mempermudah penyunting menemukan halaman yang baru saja dikategorikan maupun yang telah lama berada dalam kategori tersebut. Selain itu, alur kerja untuk kategori pemeliharaan, seperti daftar tunggu penghapusan dan berbagai tugas peninjauan yang bergantung pada urutan waktu, juga akan menjadi lebih efisien. Untuk menggunakan fitur ini, tambahkan argumen URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> pada tampilan kategori agar daftar diurutkan berdasarkan stempel waktu penambahannya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gawai]] dan skrip pengguna di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat memanfaatkan [[phab:T395347|fitur-fitur ES2018]] dan [[phab:T419142|ES2019]] dalam kode JavaScript. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2017. MediaWiki akan tetap memvalidasi kode sumber untuk melindungi fungsionalitas dari kesalahan sintaksis dan memastikan bahwa skrip tetap berjalan dengan baik di seluruh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|peramban yang didukung]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Agustus 2026 20.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Fitur Daftar Kerja]] perkakas Pendaftaran Acara kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Dengan fitur ini, penyelenggara acara dapat menambahkan artikel-artikel yang akan menjadi fokus acara mereka langsung ke halaman acara. Daftar Kerja juga menjadi dasar bagi fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Jalur Acara]], yang akan memberi tahu kontributor lain mengenai acara yang akan berlangsung atau sedang berlangsung ketika mereka menyunting artikel yang tercantum dalam Daftar Kerja acara tersebut. Ini merupakan versi minimum yang layak digunakan (MVP), sehingga masukan dari pengguna sangat diharapkan. Para penyelenggara dianjurkan untuk mencoba fitur ini. Pelatihan praktik [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Lokakarya Penyiapan Daftar Kerja]] akan diselenggarakan pada 18 Agustus pukul 16.00 UTC dan 19 Agustus pukul 11.00 UTC. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] menampilkan halaman-halaman pendek berdasarkan ukurannya. Namun, dalam banyak kasus, halaman tersebut dipenuhi halaman disambiguasi dan pengalihan lunak sehingga artikel-artikel pendek yang sebenarnya menjadi lebih sulit ditemukan. Mulai akhir pekan ini, Anda dapat memilih untuk tidak memasukkan suatu artikel ke halaman khusus tersebut dengan menambahkan kata magis <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q3436680|bahasa Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Mulai pekan 17 Agustus, bilah perkakas halaman akan ditampilkan dalam dua baris apabila ruang horizontal yang tersedia tidak mencukupi untuk menampilkan seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini merupakan tambalan yang telah [[phab:T429518|sepenuhnya digabungkan dari tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] dan bertujuan mengurangi kepadatan pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi pada beberapa Wikipedia dalam bahasa tertentu pada lebar layar tertentu. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:16}} {{PLURAL:16|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pengunggahan berkas berukuran besar ke Wikimedia Commons kini menjadi lebih stabil dan lebih jarang mengalami kegagalan setelah sejumlah perbaikan dilakukan terhadap galat pengunggahan "''Could not acquire lock''". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Dukungan Jangka Panjang (''Long Term Support'') Debian Bullseye akan berakhir pada 31 Agustus 2026. [[phab:T434103|Sejumlah proyek Cloud VPS]] masih memiliki instans yang menjalankan Debian Bullseye. Pengelola proyek-proyek tersebut dianjurkan untuk bermigrasi ke Debian Bookworm atau Debian Trixie. Tersedia [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|panduan migrasi]] untuk membantu proses tersebut. Pengguna juga dapat mempertimbangkan apakah beban kerja mereka lebih sesuai dijalankan di Toolforge. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan atau tidak dapat menyelesaikan migrasi sebelum 31 Agustus, silakan hubungi pengurus Cloud VPS sesegera mungkin. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Agustus 2026 21.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Istimewa:Buat akun]] telah disederhanakan sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk memodernisasi pengalaman pembuatan akun. Panel yang menampilkan statistik proyek kini tidak lagi muncul di samping formulir, baik pada tampilan web desktop maupun seluler. Berbagai eksperimen pembuatan akun menunjukkan bahwa formulir yang lebih sederhana membantu pendatang baru menyelesaikan proses pendaftaran. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * Untuk meningkatkan kinerja halaman, gambar kini dimuat ketika gambar tersebut ditampilkan atau dilihat oleh pembaca. Dengan demikian, gambar yang berada lebih jauh di bagian bawah suatu artikel tidak akan dimuat apabila pembaca tidak pernah menggulir hingga ke bagian tersebut. Perubahan ini dapat memengaruhi sejumlah metrik yang berkaitan dengan gambar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:42}} {{PLURAL:42|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya adalah masalah yang menyebabkan keluku pada Wikipedia Abstrak tidak dapat ditampilkan setelah berkas terkait dipindahkan di Wikimedia Commons. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. Keluku akan diperbarui dengan benar ketika berkas dipindahkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kartu Informasi Pengguna adalah fitur yang membantu para pengawas melihat informasi mengenai akun pengguna. Selama ini, fitur tersebut hanya tersedia di tempat-tempat seperti riwayat halaman, log, dan perubahan terbaru. Kini, kartu tersebut juga dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|ditempatkan di dalam isi halaman]] dengan menggunakan fungsi pengurai <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi>. Fitur ini dapat sangat berguna pada templat seperti [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] atau varian khususnya, karena akan memudahkan pengguna melihat konteks mengenai suatu akun pada berbagai halaman papan pengumuman. Kartu tersebut hanya akan ditampilkan kepada pengguna yang telah mengaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferensi mereka]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Karena adanya risiko terhadap keamanan dan privasi pengguna, akses ke URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> telah dinonaktifkan apabila URL tersebut secara khusus digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Jika Anda terdampak oleh perubahan ini, pertimbangkan apakah Anda dapat menggunakan pendekatan lain. URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> tetap dapat diakses dan digunakan tanpa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. URL halaman pengguna tertentu, misalnya <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>, juga tetap dapat digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan, perangkat lunak untuk membuat keluku telah ditingkatkan. Pembaruan ini mencakup peningkatan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 2.60 dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 7, serta penyelesaian sejumlah masalah lama dalam pembuatan keluku, seperti galat dalam proses perenderannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Agustus 2026 20.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Format baru Daftar Harapan Komunitas kini telah dibuka untuk mendapatkan masukan. Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|membaca gagasan-gagasan yang diusulkan di Meta]]. Proses baru ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan cara harapan komunitas diseleksi dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan prioritas, dipungut suaranya, dan ditetapkan prioritas pengerjaannya, dengan cara yang transparan dan seimbang di berbagai kelompok proyek dan edisi bahasa. Konsultasi ini dibuka selama dua pekan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Rilis terbaru aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android mencakup pembaruan pada fitur Tersimpan, sehingga pengalaman menyimpan artikel di aplikasi kini lebih mendekati pengalaman di aplikasi iOS dan Web. Pembaruan ini mendesain ulang tab Tersimpan dengan tampilan "Semua artikel", menghapus daftar bacaan "Tersimpan" yang sebelumnya tersedia secara bawaan, mengganti nama daftar bacaan menjadi "Koleksi", dan memodernisasi pengalaman menyimpan artikel. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] telah diaktifkan untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log pada Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Tionghoa, Ceko, dan Vietnam pada 25 Agustus, setelah tersedia sebagai fitur beta selama beberapa bulan. Fitur ini akan tersedia untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, dan Indonesia pada 1 September, kemudian di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada 14 September, dan di seluruh wiki Wikipedia lainnya pada 28 September. * Pada akhir bulan ini, sebagian pembaca yang belum masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Persia, Inggris, dan Polandia, yang menggunakan kulit Minerva pada perangkat seluler, akan melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|bilah navigasi yang diperbarui]] dalam sebuah [[w:A/B test|uji A/B]]. Pengujian ini akan membandingkan bilah navigasi saat ini dengan versi baru yang dirancang agar pembaca dapat menemukan informasi dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui apakah perubahan tersebut mendorong pembaca untuk lebih sering kembali. Eksperimen ini tidak akan mengubah pengalaman pengguna yang telah masuk log dan/atau para penyunting. * Para penyunting yang mengelola pengalihan, templat, dan kategori yang digunakan pada halaman pengalihan kini memiliki cara yang lebih baik untuk menemukan dan mengelola pengalihan. Sebelumnya, halaman pengalihan tidak dapat dicari. Dua kata kunci pencarian baru, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, kini memungkinkan pengalihan dicari secara langsung dan dapat digabungkan dengan kata kunci yang sudah ada, seperti <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * Perangkat pencarian ISBN yang digunakan untuk membuat sitasi baru-baru ini tidak berfungsi karena terdapat masalah pada layanan eksternal. Para pengembang sedang mengupayakan solusinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pencarian halaman berdasarkan kategori menggunakan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> tidak memberikan hasil atau justru memberikan hasil yang tidak berkaitan kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Domain URL untuk keluku berubah dari upload.wikimedia.org menjadi thumb.wikimedia.org. URL lama masih dapat digunakan untuk beberapa waktu ke depan, tetapi MediaWiki akan menggunakan domain baru tersebut dalam URL yang ditampilkannya. URL untuk jenis media lainnya, seperti berkas, video, dan hasil transkode asli, tetap akan disajikan melalui upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] kini telah berstatus usang. Titik akhir API tersebut akan dihentikan sepenuhnya pada akhir September 2026. Para pengembang yang menggunakan titik akhir ini harus beralih ke solusi perenderan matematika alternatif, seperti [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] atau [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax] bawaan. Instalasi MediaWiki pihak ketiga yang menggunakan ekstensi Math untuk merender rumus diwajibkan melakukan peningkatan ke versi 1.43 atau yang lebih baru agar layanan tetap dapat digunakan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Baca lebih lanjut mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] dalam tulisan di Diff berjudul [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Saran penyuntingan khusus untuk setiap wiki: Bagaimana komunitas membentuk Mode Saran dengan TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 31 Agustus 2026 20.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Tambahkan Pranala]] telah ditingkatkan untuk pengguna Wikipedia bahasa Inggris dengan kemampuan mendeteksi pranala yang memiliki perbedaan penggunaan huruf besar dan kecil. Perubahan ini akan membantu mengurangi saran yang ambigu akibat perbedaan kapitalisasi dalam judul artikel, termasuk artikel tentang benda budaya. Tahap peningkatan kedua direncanakan akan dilakukan dan juga akan mempersiapkan fitur ini untuk dirilis dalam bahasa lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Panduan artikel]] akan diaktifkan secara bawaan bagi penyunting pemula di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki mulai 10 September 2026, setelah sebelumnya melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|tahap uji coba]]. Penyunting pemula dengan jumlah suntingan 0 hingga 99 akan secara otomatis melihat fitur ini ketika mereka mengeklik pranala merah atau menggunakan opsi "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" di Wikipedia bahasa Turki untuk membuat artikel baru. Perubahan ini ditujukan untuk membantu pengguna baru dalam membuat artikel dengan kualitas yang lebih baik dan memenuhi standar setiap Wikipedia. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Peningkatan lebih lanjut]] akan terus dilakukan berdasarkan hasil eksperimen dan masukan dari komunitas. * Perkakas [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis], yang memungkinkan pengguna membandingkan jumlah kunjungan pada beberapa halaman, genap berusia 10 tahun pada tahun ini dan telah memperoleh sejumlah fitur baru. Fitur-fitur tersebut mencakup [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]], yang memberikan gambaran mengenai cara pembaca Wikipedia menjelajahi konten, statistik penyuntingan di [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], kemampuan [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org mencari artikel yang termasuk dalam suatu ProyekWiki], dan dukungan untuk mode gelap. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * Bilah navigasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|Minerva yang disederhanakan secara visual]] sedang diuji kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log dan menggunakan tampilan web seluler di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Inggris, Farsi, dan Polandia. Uji coba ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah penyederhanaan navigasi dapat meningkatkan retensi pembaca. Pengujian akan berlangsung dari 31 Agustus hingga 28 September dan pengguna tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun dalam uji coba ini. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Harapan Teknis WMDE]] sedang mengupayakan peningkatan pada [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|nama referensi yang dibuat secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Penyunting hanya akan melihat sedikit perubahan mulai pekan ini. Saat nama referensi dibuat secara otomatis, penomoran akan dimulai dari <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi>, bukan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|halaman proyek]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * Semua wiki akan berada dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|kondisi hanya-baca selama beberapa menit]] pada 23 September. Hal ini dijadwalkan berlangsung pada pukul 14.00 UTC. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diterbitkan melalui Berita Teknis dan juga akan dipasang di spanduk setiap wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] salah menangani tag nowiki yang bersarang, sehingga konten dapat hilang dan teks yang tidak diinginkan dapat ditampilkan, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengurus antarmuka dapat mengatur gawai melalui [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. Format definisinya telah diperbarui dan kini tidak lagi memerlukan opsi <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>, karena gawai selalu dimuat melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. Perubahan ini menyederhanakan konfigurasi gawai dengan menghapus opsi yang tidak lagi diperlukan, sehingga definisi gawai menjadi lebih mudah dikelola oleh para pengurus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 Séptémber 2026 18.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Audiens Masa Depan (Future Audiences) telah memulai [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|diskusi di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]] mengenai usulan eksperimen baru untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan sementara tentang fitur [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Sumber Pilihan Google] kepada pembaca Wikipedia yang datang dari Google. Eksperimen ini bertujuan menguji apakah pemberitahuan tersebut dapat membuat pengunjung lebih sering kembali ke Wikipedia. Fitur Sumber Pilihan memungkinkan pengguna memilih situs web yang mereka percayai sehingga Google dapat menampilkan konten dari sumber-sumber tersebut secara lebih menonjol dalam Penelusuran dan berbagai pengalaman berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Kami tertarik untuk menguji fitur ini pada bahasa lain yang didukung Google dan menyambut bantuan untuk memulai diskusi di wiki lainnya. Jika berminat, silakan hubungi Tim Audiens Masa Depan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|halaman pembicaraan]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Platform percakapan Discord sedang merilis kerangka kerja mandiri baru yang dapat digunakan oleh situs web untuk menentukan tampilan pranala mereka ketika dibagikan di Discord. Tim Audiens Masa Depan berencana mulai menggunakan kerangka kerja ini untuk meningkatkan tampilan pranala Wikipedia ketika dibagikan di Discord, sekaligus memberikan atribusi dan penghargaan yang lebih baik kepada para kontributor. Pada tahap pertama proyek ini, tampilan dan perilaku pranala tidak akan berubah karena kami ingin terlebih dahulu mengumpulkan data dasar untuk menilai dampak perubahan pada tahap berikutnya. Namun, jika anggota komunitas yang aktif di Discord menemukan masalah, mereka dapat melaporkannya melalui [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] atau [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Meta-Wiki]]. * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan menjalankan eksperimen untuk menguji apakah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|pemadatan bagian pembuka artikel]] dengan menambahkan tombol "baca selengkapnya" dapat meningkatkan retensi pembaca. Pengujian akan dimulai pada 17 September di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Spanyol, Prancis, Indonesia, Italia, Jepang, Portugis, Vietnam, dan Tionghoa, serta berlangsung selama empat pekan.</span> * Semua wiki akan berada dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|mode hanya-baca selama beberapa menit]] pada 23 September. Hal ini dijadwalkan berlangsung pada pukul 14.00 UTC. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diterbitkan dalam Berita Teknis dan juga akan diinformasikan ke setiap wiki pada pekan mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] untuk Wikipedia mengembalikan galat HTTP 500, sehingga tidak dapat diakses, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengembang yang memelihara perkakas yang melakukan kueri terhadap tabel pranala Wikimedia Commons perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar terhubung ke gugus basis data x4 yang baru. Tabel pranala tersebut telah dipindahkan dari gugus s4 ke x4 dan tidak akan lagi menerima pembaruan di s4. Tabel halaman dan tabel pengalihan tetap tersedia di kedua gugus. Replika wiki untuk klaster x4 akan disiapkan setelahnya. Perubahan ini dilakukan karena gugus s4 telah berkembang terlalu besar untuk dapat dioperasikan secara efisien. [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di sini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Séptémber 2026 15.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == Pamutahiran rohang ngaran == Upami dibandingkeun sareng Wikipédia basa sanésna, Wikipédia basa Sunda kalebet tinggaleun dina rohang ngaran (namespace/ruang nama) anu nuju dianggo. Sapertos rohang ngaran ''Gambar'' (''Image'') anu parantos digentos janten ''Berkas'' (''File'') sakitar taun 2008-an, numutkeun dina [[:id:Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi_(Teknis)/Arsip_(Jul-06)#h-Perubahan_kata_untuk_nama_namespace|usulan WBI taun 2006]] sareng [[:id:Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi_(Teknis)/Arsip/Desember_2008#h-File:|sawala ieu]]. Contona dina Wikipédia basa Jawa anu sami-sami dibuka taun 2004, rohang ngaran ''File'', anu sateuacanna ''Image'' téa téh, parantos digentos janten ''Barkas'' anu sateuacanna ''Gambar''. Aya deui Wikipédia basa Minangkabau anu dibuka taun 2013, rohang ngaranna parantos nganggo ''Berkas''. Ku margi kitu, sim kuring hoyong ngusulkeun perobihan sababaraha rohang ngaran. Di handap ieu nyaéta sababaraha rohang ngaran anu hoyong dirobih: * '''Gambar''' → '''Berkas''' (File/Berkas) * '''Obrolan gambar''' → '''Obrolan berkas''' (File talk/Pembicaraan Berkas) * '''Wikipedia''' → '''Wikipédia''' (Wikipedia) * '''Obrolan Wikipedia''' → '''Obrolan Wikipédia''' (Wikipedia talk/Pembicaraan Wikipedia) * '''Pembicaraan Modul''' → '''Obrolan modul''' (Module talk/Pembicaraan Modul) * '''Pembicaraan Acara''' → '''Obrolan acara''' (Event talk/Pembicaraan Acara) Upami anjeun aya pamanggih (pandapat) sanés, mangga dihaturanan pikeun ngadiskusikeun masalah ieu di dieu. Hatur nuhun [[Pamaké:Rafka Aditia|Rafka Aditia]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Rafka Aditia|sawala]]) 26 Séptémber 2026 12.30 (UTC) :{{Ping|A2613|Badak Jawa|Deepturquoise|Ilham.nurwansah|Kumincir|Mirani Pramitasari|Mssetiadi|Oceanmuse|Pijri Paijar|Zulf}} kumaha numutkeun anjeun? [[Pamaké:Rafka Aditia|Rafka Aditia]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Rafka Aditia|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2026 01.03 (UTC) hbhl4kvgrlufya6ya3kztw2mv2p4e40 729455 729321 2026-09-27T10:47:30Z Oceanmuse 22609 /* Pamutahiran rohang ngaran */ Bales 729455 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{Hider kaca sawala|start=120|1=Téknisl|2=Kaca sawala bagian '''téknis''' digunakeun pikeun nyawalakeun hal-hal téknis ngeunaan '''Wikipedia'''. Laporan ''bug'' sarta pamundut fitur mah kuduna di [[mw:Phabricator|Pabrikator]] (ilikan [[mw:How to report a bug|cara ngalaporkeun ''bug'']]). ''Bug'' anu ngakibatkeun [[web application security|kaancamna kaamanan]] mah béda deui tempat ngalaporkeunna (ilikan [[mw:Reporting security bugs|cara ngalaporkeun ''bug'']]). <!-- All of the text for this top section is found at template:Villagepumppages --> Mun anyar jabung ka sawala téknis mah alusna maca heula [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Before posting|panduan]] utamana pikeun nulis di dieu. Patanyaan ngeunaan [[MediaWiki]] nu umum kuduna di [[mw:Project:Support desk|tempat dukungan MediaWiki]]. |3=WP:ST|4=WP:STÉK}}<!-- -->__NEWSECTIONLINK__<!-- -->[[<!-- OK -->Category:Sawala Wikipedia]] __TOC__ <span id="below_toc"></span> {{clear}} <!-- TULISNA HANDAPEUN KALIMAH IEU --></noinclude> == VisualEditor News #1—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|300px|right|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]] Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's appéarance, the coming Citoid reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The Wikimedia Foundation has named [[:mw:Wikimedia_Engineering/2014-15_Goals#Top_departmental_priorities_for_Q3_.28January-March_2015.29|its top priorities for this quarter]] (January to March). The first priority is making VisualEditor réady for deployment by default to all new users and logged-out users at the remaining large Wikipedias. You can help identify these requirements. <mark>There will be weekly '''triage meetings '''which''' will be open to volunteers''' beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC). </mark> Tell Vice présidént of Engineering [[:foundation:User:Damon_Sicore_(WMF)|Damon Sicore]], Product Manager [[:mw:User:Jdforrester_(WMF)|James Forrester]] and other téam members which bugs and féatures are most important to you. The decisions made at these meetings will determine what work is necessary for this quarter's goal of making VisualEditor réady for deployment to new users. The presence of volunteers who enjoy contributing MediaWiki code is particularly appreciated. Information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins. Due to some bréaking changes in MobileFrontend and VisualEditor, VisualEditor was not working correctly on the mobile site for a couple of days in éarly January. The téams apologize for the problem. === Recent improvements === The''' new design for VisualEditor''' aligns with MediaWiki's [[mw:Frontend standards group|Front-End Standards]] as led by the Design téam. Several new versions of the [[mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]] library have also been reléased, and these also affect the appéarance of VisualEditor and other MediaWiki software extensions. Most changes were minor, like changing the text size and the amount of white space in some windows. Buttons are consistently color-coded to indicate whether the action: * starts a new task, like opening the {{int:visualeditor-toolbar-savedialog}} dialog: <span style="background-color: #015ccc; color:white"> blue </span>, * takes a constructive action, like inserting a citation: <span style="background-color: #008c6d; color:white"> green </span>, * might remove or lose your work, like removing a link: <span style="background-color: #a7170f; color:white"> red </span>, or * is neutral, like opening a link in a new browser window: <span style="color: 757575"> gray </span>. The '''TemplateData editor''' has been completely re-written to use a different design based on the same OOjs UI system as VisualEditor. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67815 T67815], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73746 T73746].) This change fixed a couple of existing bugs and improved usability. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73077 T73077], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73078 T73078].) '''Séarch and replace''' in long documents is now faster. It does not highlight every occurrence if there are more than 100 on-screen at once.([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T78234 T78234].) Editors at the Hebrew and Russian Wikipedia requested the ability to use VisualEditor in the "Article Incubator" or drafts namespace. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86688 T86688], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T87027 T87027].) If your community would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''' on your wiki, then you can file a request in Phabricator. Pléase include a link to a community discussion about the requested change. === Looking ahead === The Editing téam will soon add '''auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations'''. The '''[[mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[w:URL|URL]] or [[w:en: Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After créating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for ISBNs, PMIDs, and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to contribute to the Citoid service's definitions for éach website, to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections. We will need editors to help test the '''new design of the special character inserter''', especially if you spéak Welsh, Breton, or another language that uses diacritics or special characters extensively. The new version should be available for testing next week. Pléase contact [[:en:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] if you would like to be notified when the new version is available. After the special character tool is completed, VisualEditor will be deployed to all users at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5 Wikipedias]]. This will affect about 50 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans, Azerbaijani, Breton, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Mongolian, Tatar, and Welsh'''. The date for this change has not been determined. === Let's work together === *Share your idéas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. *Pléase help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&language=&action=page&filter= complete translations of the user guide] for users who spéak your language. *Join the weekly bug triage meetings beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC); information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins, and you can also contact [[mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James F.]] to léarn more about this initiative. *Talk to the Editing téam during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Thursday, 19 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=19&month=2&year=2015 19:00 UTC]. *Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, pléase subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 5 Pébruari 2015 18.30 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=10839689 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: *[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals *[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 2 Maret 2015 21.14 (UTC) :''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10785744 --> == Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content == This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new idéas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idéa that could help address this problem, pléase get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31. All proposals are welcome - reséarch projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outréach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on idéas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring soméone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge! :*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]] ''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 4 Maret 2015 20.01 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=11457822 --> == VisualEditor News #2—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source: [[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]] Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results. Click the green "Insert" button to accept its results and add them to the article: [[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]] After inserting the citation, you can change it. Select the reference, and click the "Edit" button in the context menu to maké changes. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, éach Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&p1=224&am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC). You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker. Instéad, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. Léarn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. === Recent improvements === VisualEditor is now substantially faster. In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%. The Editing téam is slowly adding '''auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias. The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After créating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for éach website. Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates. If you would like to request this féature for your wiki, pléase post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki. The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users. After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March. This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Koréan and Japanese. These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] ("IMEs”). Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users. The design for the image selection process is now using a "masonry fit" modél. Images in the séarch results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|"packed" mode in image galleries]]. This style helps you find the right image by making it éasier to see more details in images. You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appéarance ​on the page. The pop-up window that appéars when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the "context menu". It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename. The téam has also added an explicit "Edit" button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item. '''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section héadings. Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to booléan value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instéad. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734]) === Looking ahead === The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at éach wiki will also have the option of créating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. The téam is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors. The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666]) === Let's work together === * Share your idéas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * Can you translate from English into any other language? Pléase check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor-ve&suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language. [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! * The design reséarch téam wants to see how réal editors work. Pléase [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * File requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't réading this in your favorite language, then pléase help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 10 April 2015 19.48 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=11742174 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences (200 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for géographies within the United States (10 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]''' — an extensive legal reséarch database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 4 Méi 2015 22.12 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12114173 --> ::Thank you for the info. Mangga ka para wargi anu sakirana peryogi akses ka pabukon2 anu disebat di luhur, tiasa dipolow ap! --[[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 5 Méi 2015 04.11 (UTC) == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope soméone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that maké it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will bréak due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and pléase [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API bréaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely bréak. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development téam, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope soméone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that maké it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will bréak due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and pléase [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API bréaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely bréak. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development téam, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == VisualEditor News #3—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> The link tool has been re-designed: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has créated new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design. Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase. During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not. The main goal of the study is to léarn which group was more likely to save an edit and to maké productive, unreverted edits. Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month. === Recent improvements === '''Auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''. Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May. All citations are now créated inside a single tool. Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}). The cite button is now labeled with the word "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}" rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more méaningful label, "{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}", for the submit button. The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing. It now has two separate sections: one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Séarch results have been reduced to the first five pages. Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appéared over the first match in the link inspector. ([[phab:T98085|T98085]]) The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at éach wiki can also créate a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Pléase réad the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. Also, there is now a tooltip to describing éach character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]]) Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''. When you séarch for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The paraméter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a paraméter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on "{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}" éach time they want to add another paraméter. ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The téam added a '''new property for TemplateData''', "{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}", for template paraméters. This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that paraméter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]]) The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme. In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars. Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design féature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled. The téam has reléased a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''. If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed. === Let's work together === * Share your idéas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC). Léarn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though. Instéad, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. * If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then pléase contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. * If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference féature for your wiki, pléase post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki. *The téam is planning the second VisualEditor-related "translathon" for July. Pléase follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't réading this in your favorite language, then pléase help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div>13 Juni 2015 10.44 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=12206605 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor & Francis]]''' — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts & Humanities and Biological, Environment & éarth Sciences. (30 accounts) *'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]''' — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present. (100 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts) '''New French-Language Branch!''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts). * '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) — Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts). * '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials (1000 accounts). Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12455967 --> == HTTPS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. Hi everyone. Over the last few yéars, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both réaders and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been réady to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals. [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might alréady be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified. Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably alréady had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to maké sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions. /[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]] </div> 19 Juni 2015 22.01 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/HTTPS_global_message_delivery&oldid=12471979 --> == Content Translation, the new article creation tool is now available as a beta-feature == [[File:Cx-icon-ltr.svg|264px|right|Tool icon]] [[File:Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm|thumb|How to use Content Translation - a short video (English)]] Hello, [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has now been enabled as an opt-in beta féature on the Sundanese Wikipedia. To start translating: # Pléase enable the Beta féature in your preferences by checking the box for Content Translation. # Visit the page [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page to open the tool. # Click on the button to créate a new translation. # In the displayed dialog select the language of the original article and the article name, and the language you would like to translate to. Also add the title of the new article (or the original title will be inserted) and click on to begin. Your language preferences will be remembered for the next time. # You will see a screen consisting of three columns. The first column contains the text of the source language and the middle column is for the translated text. Using the third column you can perform several actions such as insert source text, remove the inserted text source text, add or remove links etc. # After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Sundanese Wikipedia by using the publish button that appéars. In case the article gets créated by another user while you were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace. # The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]]. Since this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but pléase do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [[phab:T103546|Phabricator]] if you spot any problems. For more information, pléase réad the information available in the [[:mw:Help:Extension:ContentTranslation|User Guide]]. Our announcement is written only in English, and we would réally appreciate if this message can be translated to réach more users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's Language Engineering Téam:--[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 30 Juni 2015 17.15 (UTC) == Hasil rarancang == Manawi katampi, ieu rarancangan kaca tepas ti simabdi '''[[Pamaké:Uchup19/Kotrétan]]''', anu dioméan tur ditambahan: *Ngoméan tutumbu ''icon'' gambar anu nojo ka tumbu gambarna di commons <small>(aya nu di kana tumbuna masing2 aya nu dibuntukeun)</small> *Ngoméan subkaca keur lumangsung anu teu kompléks, asalna mah <nowiki>{{Portal:Keur lumangsung/Juli 2015}}</nowiki> jadi <nowiki>{{Portal:Keur lumangsung/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}_{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki>. <small>(Supados teu unggal waktu ngaropéa kaca Tepas)</small> *Nambahan Tombol gabung *Nambahan kolom Sajarah poé ieu *Jrd. Panuhun ka {{gero|Kumincir}}, {{gero|Mssetiadi}}, {{gero|Ilham.nurwansah}}, {{gero|A.R Dipusparaga}}. Diantos kedalanna.--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 02.24 (UTC) :Sae, ngan aya sababaraha kalimat/istilah anu perlu dibadamikeun deui. 'Sajarah poe ieu', sakumaha dina obrolan sapalih, mun teu manggih nu pas mah samikeun bae 'poe ieu dina sajarah'. Teras 'kamaotan kiwari', naon nya kalimat anu pas? 'kapapatenan'? --[[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 03.38 (UTC) ::{{gero|Kumincir}} Muhun kang, parantos. Pami <u>kapapatenan</u> téh lomana mah <u>kapapaitan</u> panginten nya?--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 03.51 (UTC) :::Numutkeun pamendak simkuring mah Nu Pupus Kiwari, Nu Kiwari Pupus, atanapi Nu Pupus Taun Ieu. Memang sok rada sesah nyundakeun ke-an teh. Pilihan sanesna : Papaten Kiwari atanapi papait, nanging papait mah sanes mung ukur kanggo urusan pati, tapi kalebet oge teu damang sareng kasangsaraan sanesna. --[[Pamaké:Mssetiadi|Tedi]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Mssetiadi|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 06.13 (UTC) ::::{{gero|Mssetiadi}} Kumaha pami '''Nu Kiwari Pupus''' baé atuh?--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 06.34 (UTC) :::::Simkuring ogé panuju '''Nu Kiwari Pupus''' baé. --[[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|ilhamkang]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 14.15 (UTC) :::::Muhun kang, urang robih--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 14.28 (UTC) == Machine translation support to be enabled soon for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, I wanted to give you a héads up that machine translation support for [[phab:T144903|Sundanese]] is now réady to be extended to [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta féature) using Yandex. It is scheduled to be made active on this Wikipedia on September 14, 2016. This service can be used when translating Wikipedia articles into Sundanese with Content Translation. To start using this service, pléase choose ‘’Yandex.Translate’’ from the ‘’Automatic Translation’’ dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Yandex.Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex|Yandex translation services]], including a summary of the legal contract. Please note, the translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We look forward to your feedback. You can reach us using the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] or [[phab:T144903|phabricator ticket]]. This message could only be written in English and we will really appreciate if it can be translated into Sundanese for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of WMF Language team: --[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 8 Séptémber 2016 13.53 (UTC) </div> == Machine translation support enabled today for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, machine translation support for [[:mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta féature) has now been extended and enabled for users of [[phab:T144903|Sundanese Wikipedia]] using Yandex. It can be used when translating Wikipedia articles into Sundanese with Content Translation. To start using this service, pléase choose ‘’Yandex.Translate’’ from the ‘’Automatic Translation’’ dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Yandex.Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. Wikimedia Foundation’s Legal team and Yandex had collaborated earlier to work out [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex#Summary_of_terms_of_Yandex_agreement|an agreement]] that allows the use of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yandex.Translate Yandex.Translate] without compromising Wikipedia’s policy of attribution of rights, privacy of our users and brand representation. Since November 2015, Yandex machine translation has been used for articles translated for Wikipedias in many languages. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex|Yandex translation services]], including a summary of the legal contract. Please note, translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We have tested the service for use on the Sundanese Wikipedia, but there could be unknown problems that we are not aware of yet. Please do let us know on our [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] or [[phab:T144903|phabricator]] if you face any problems using Content Translation. This message is only in English and we will be very grateful if it could be translated into Sundanese for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of WMF Language team: --[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 15 Séptémber 2016 23.48 (UTC) </div> == The Wikimedia Developer Summit wants you == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The Wikimedia Developer Summit is the annual meeting to push the evolution of MediaWiki and other technologies supporting the Wikimedia movement. The next edition will be held in San Francisco on January 9–11, 2017. We welcome all Wikimedia technical contributors, third party developers, and users of MediaWiki and the Wikimedia APIs. We specifically want to incréase the participation of volunteer developers and other contributors déaling with extensions, apps, tools, bots, gadgets, and templates. Important déadlines: * Monday, October 24: last day to request travel sponsorship. Applying takes less than five minutes. * Monday, October 31: last day to propose an activity. Bring the topics you care about! More information: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Developer_Summit Subscribe to weekly updates: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Td5wfd70vptn8eu4 [[mw:User:MKramer (WMF)|MKramer (WMF)]] [[mw:User talk:MKramer (WMF)|(talk)]] 14 Oktober 2016 19.07 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=15989926 --> == Developer Wishlist Survey: propose your ideas == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> At the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Developer_Summit Wikimedia Developer Summit], we decided to organize a Developer Wishlist Survey, and here we go: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist The Wikimedia technical community seeks input from developers for developers, to créate a high-profile list of desired improvements. The scope of the survey includes the MediaWiki platform (core software, APIs, developer environment, enablers for extensions, gadgets, templates, bots, dumps), the Wikimedia server infrastructure, the contribution process, and documentation. The best part: we want to have the results published by Wednesday, February 15. Yes, in a month, to have a higher chance to influence the Wikimedia Foundation annual plan FY 2017-18. There's no time to lose. <b>Propose your idéas before the end of January</b>, either by pushing existing tasks in Phabricator or by créating new ones. You can find instructions on the wiki page. Questions and feedback are welcome especially on the related Talk page. The voting phase is expected to start on February 6 (tentative). Watch this space (or even better, the wiki page) - [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:SSethi_(WMF) SSethi_(WMF)] January 21st, 2017 3:07 AM (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=16170185 --> == Developer Wishlist Survey: Vote for Proposals == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Almost two weeks ago, the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Technical_Collaboration Technical Collaboration team] invited proposals for the first edition of the Developer Wishlist survey! We collected around 77 proposals that were marked as suitable for the developer wishlist and met the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist#Scope defined scope and criteria]. These proposals fall into the following nine categories: Frontend, Backend, Code Contribution (Process, Guidelines), Extensions, Technical Debt, Developer Environment, Documentation, Tools (Phabricator, Gerrit) and Community Engagement. Voting phase starts now and will run until <b>February 14th, 23:59 UTC</b>. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist Click here on a category and show support for the proposals you care for most]. Use the 'Vote' and 'Endorse' buttons next to a proposal to do so. <b>What happens next?</b><br/> Proposals that will gather most votes will be included in the final results which will be published on <b>Wednesday, February 15th</b>. These proposals will also be considered in the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual plan FY 2017-18 - [[m:User:SSethi_(WMF)|SSethi_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:SSethi_(WMF)|talk]]) 04:41, 6 February 2017 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=16170185 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun == Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, féatured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to réach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 10 Juni 2016 15.31 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idéa is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content! Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 1 Juli 2016 14.10 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Open call for Project Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: :Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. :Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session :*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] :Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]] :With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 5 Juli 2016 15.25 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15504704 --> == New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, héalth care, and engineering - 10 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 30 Agustus 2016 18.38 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15804509 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: *'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy *'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities *'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals *'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–héaring journals *'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics '''Expansions''' *'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added *'''[[:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence & Security Studies collection Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today! <br>--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 1 Nopémber 2016 18.30 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15939318 --> == New notification when a page is connected to Wikidata == Hello all, ''({{Int:Please-translate}})'' The Wikidata development team is about to deploy a new feature on all Wikipedias. It is a new type of notification (via Echo, the notification system you see at the top right of your wiki when you are logged in), that will inform the creator of a page, when this page is connected to a Wikidata item. You may know that [[d:Wikidata:Main page|Wikidata]] provides a centralized system for all the interwikilinks. When a new page is created, it should be connected to the corresponding Wikidata item, by modifying this Wikidata item. With this new notification, editors creating pages will be informed when another editor connects this page to Wikidata. [[File:Screenshot Echo Wikibase notification.png]] This feature will be deployed on May 30th on all the Wikipedias, excepting English, French and German. This feature will be disable by default for existing editors, and enabled by default for new editors. This is the first step of the deployments, the Wikipedias and other Wikimedia projects will follow in the next months. If you have any question, suggestion, please let me know by pinging me. You can also follow and leave a comment [[phab:T142102|on the Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks go to [[d:user:Matěj Suchánek|Matěj Suchánek]] who developed this feature! {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] ([[:d:User talk:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16774958 --> == Wikidata changes now also appear in enhanced recent changes == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, and sorry to write this message in English. You can [[mw:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Wikidata_in_enhanced_recent_changes|help translating it]]. Starting from today, you will be able to display Wikidata changes in both modes of the recent changes and the watchlist. '''[[mw:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Wikidata_in_enhanced_recent_changes|Read and translate the full message]]''' {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 29 Juni 2017 08.33 (UTC) <small>(wrong target page? you can [[m:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)/List Wikipedias|fix it here]])</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16777494 --> == Improved search in deleted pages archive == {{int:please-translate}} During Wikimedia Hackathon 2016, the [[mw:Wikimedia_Discovery|Discovery]] team [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T109561 worked] on one of the items on the 2015 community wishlist, namely [[m:2015_Community_Wishlist_Survey/Search#Provide_a_means_of_searching_for_deleted_pages|enabling searching the archive of deleted pages]]. This feature is now ready for production deployment, and will be enabled on all wikis, except Wikidata. Right now, the feature is behind a feature flag - to use it on your wiki, please go to the <code>Special:Undelete</code> page, and add <code>&fuzzy=1</code> to the URL, like this: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUndelete&fuzzy=1. Then search for the pages you're interested in. There should be more results than before, due to using ElasticSearch indexing (via the CirrusSearch extension). We plan to enable this improved search by default on all wikis soon (around August 1, 2017). If you have any objections to this - please raise them with the Discovery team via [http://mailto:discovery@lists.wikimedia.org email] or on this announcement's discussion page. Like most Mediawiki configuration parameters, the functionality can be configured per wiki. Once the improved search becomes the default, you can still access the old mode using <code>&fuzzy=0</code> in the URL, like this: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUndelete&fuzzy=0 Please note that since Special:Undelete is an admin-only feature, this search capability is also only accessible to wiki admins. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 25 Juli 2017 18.40 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Archive_search_announce/Distribution_list&oldid=17036927 --> == Improvements coming soon to Recent Changes == <div dir="ltr"> [[File:Rc-beta-tour-welcome-ltr.gif|link=Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New_filters_for_edit_review|right|frameless]] Hello Sorry to use English. {{Int:please-translate}}! {{Int:thank-you}} '''In short:''' starting on 26 September, New Filters for Edit Review ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|now in Beta]]) will become standard on Recent Changes. They provide an array of new tools and an improved interface. If you prefer the current page you will be able to opt out. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about the New Filters]]. <big>'''What is this feature again?'''</big> This feature improves [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:RecentChangesLinked]] (and soon, [[Special:Watchlist]] – see below). Based on a new design, it adds new features that ease vandalism tracking and support of newcomers: * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|Filtering]] - filter recent changes with easy-to-use and powerful filters combinations, including filtering by namespace or tagged edits. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Highlighting function|Highlighting]] - add a colored background to the different changes you are monitoring. It helps quick identification of changes that matter to you. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Bookmarking|Bookmarking]] to keep your favorite configurations of filters ready to be used. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quality and Intent Filters|Quality and Intent Filters]] - those filters use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES predictions]]. They identify real vandalism or good faith intent contributions that need help. They are not available on all wikis. You can know more about this project by visiting [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quick tour|the quick tour help page]]. <big>'''Concerning RecentChanges'''</big> Starting on 26 September, '''New Filters for Edit Review will become standard on Recent Changes'''. We have decided to do this release because of a long and successful Beta test phase, positive feedback from various users and positive user testing. Some features will remain as Beta features and will be added later. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about those different features]]. If your community has specific concerns about this deployment or internal discussion, it can request to have the deployment to their wikis delayed to October 1, if they have ''sensible, consistent with the project, actionable, realistic feedback to oppose'' (at the development team's appreciation). You will also be able to opt-out this change in your preferences. <big>'''Concerning Watchlists'''</big> Starting on '''September 19''', the Beta feature will have a new option. '''Watchlists will have all filters available now on the Beta Recent Changes improvements'''. If you have already activated the Beta feature "{{int:eri-rcfilters-beta-label}}", you have no action to take. If you haven't activated the Beta feature "{{int:eri-rcfilters-beta-label}}" and you want to try the filters on Watchlists, please go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|your Beta preferences]] on September 19. <big>'''How to be ready'''</big> Please share this announcement! Do you use Gadgets that change things on your RecentChanges or Watchlist pages, or have you customized them with scripts or CSS? You may have to make some changes to your configuration. Despite the fact that we have tried to take most cases into consideration, some configurations may break. The Beta phase is a great opportunity to have a look at local scripts and gadgets: some of them may be replaced by native features from the Beta feature. Please ping me if you have questions. On behalf of the [[mw:Global Collaboration|Global Collaboration team]], [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 14 Séptémber 2017 15.27 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17219431 --> == Global preferences available for testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Greetings, Global preferences, a [[m:2016_Community_Wishlist_Survey/Categories/Miscellaneous#Global_settings|highly request feature in the 2016 Community Wishlist]], is available for testing. # [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|Read over the help page]], it is brief and has screenshots # Login or register an account on [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:Login Beta English Wikipedia] # Visit [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:GlobalPreferences Global Preferences] and try enabling and disabling some settings # Visit some other language and project test wikis such as [https://en.wikivoyage.beta.wmflabs.org English Wikivoyage], the [https://he.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99 Hebrew Wikipedia] and test the settings # [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|Report your findings, experience, bugs, and other observations]] Once the team has feedback on design issues, bugs, and other things that might need worked out, the problems will be addressed and global preferences will be sent to the wikis. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thanks! --[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 27 Pébruari 2018 00.24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17571042 --> == Notification from edit summary == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Greetings, The ability to [[m:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary|notify other users in edit summaries]] will be available later this week, on 15 March 2018. Other users can be notified if a [[m:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary#How_it_works|link to their user page is provided in an edit summary]]. Some user-made gadgets and scripts that automatically put user names in edit summaries may need to be changed to put a colon in the link, such as <nowiki>[[:User:Example]]</nowiki>. You can change how you receive these mention notifications in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|preferences]]. This feature was [[m:2017_Community_Wishlist_Survey|highly requested in the 2017 Community Wishlist survey]], and [[m:Talk:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary|feedback is welcome]]. Thanks, happy editing to you. -[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 12 Maret 2018 21.09 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17778225 --> == We need your feedback to improve Lua functions == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello, (I’m sorry for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}) If you’re regularly using Lua modules, creating and improving some of them, we need your feedback! The Wikidata development team would like to provide more Lua functions, in order to improve the experience of people who write Lua scripts to reuse Wikidata's data on the Wikimedia projects. Our goals are to help harmonizing the existing modules across the Wikimedia projects, to make coding in Lua easier for the communities, and to improve the performance of the modules. We would like to know more about your habits, your needs, and what could help you. We have a few questions for you [[d:Wikidata:New convenience functions for Lua|on this page]]. Note that if you don’t feel comfortable with writing in English, you can answer in your preferred language. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 27 Maret 2018 08.56 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Luannouncement&oldid=17873868 --> == Time to bring embedded maps (‘mapframe’) to most Wikipedias == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Time to bring embedded maps (‘mapframe’) to most Wikipedias''' {{int:please-translate}} [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Mapframe]] is a feature that enables users to easily display interactive maps right on wiki pages. Currently, most Wikipedias don’t have mapframe. But [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Maps#Milestones_and_Updates|fifteen Wikipedias]], along with all the other Wikimedia projects, are using mapframe today to display maps on thousands of pages. A little background: over the last few months, the Foundation’s [[mw:Collaboration|Collaboration team]] has been working to improve the stability and user experience of the maps service. In addition, a question about long-term support for the maps service was recently settled, and a small team has been assigned for routine maintenance. Given these developments, bringing the benefits of mapframe to Wikipedias that lack the feature seems both safe and supportable. [[phab:T191583|Nine Wikipedias]] that use a stricter version of Flagged Revisions will not get mapframe in this release. Maps are a valuable form of visual data that can improve readers’ understanding across a wide range of topics. If you know of any reasons why mapframe shouldn’t be implemented on your Wikipedia, let us know [[mw:Talk:Map_improvements_2018|on the project talk page]]. Unless we hear from you, we plan to release mapframe to most Wikipedias in May, 2018. So, if you foresee an issue, please let us hear from you. Otherwise, happy mapping! </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 24 April 2018 21.38 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JMatazzoni_(WMF)/mapframe-to-all-wikipedias-notice/distribution_list&oldid=17969222 --> == Wikitext highlighting out of beta == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|Wikitext syntax highlighting]], also known as CodeMirror, has been moved out of Beta Features and is available in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017_wikitext_editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] on all wikis. Syntax highlighting helps you see problems in your wikitext before previewing or publishing text. Please try out the tool if you did not do so while it was being developed, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:CodeMirror|feedback is welcome]]. - [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) </div>4 Méi 2018 18.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17844049 --> == Improvements coming soon on Watchlists == <div dir="ltr"> [[File:Rc-beta-tour-welcome-ltr.gif|link=Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New_filters_for_edit_review|right|frameless]] Hello Sorry to use English. {{Int:please-translate}}! {{Int:thank-you}} '''In short:''' starting on June 18, New Filters for Edit Review ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|now in Beta]]) will become standard on Watchlists. They provide an array of new tools and an improved interface. If you prefer the current page you will be able to opt out. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about the New Filters]]. <big>'''What is this feature again?'''</big> This feature is used by default on [[Special:RecentChanges]], [[Special:RecentChangesLinked]] and as a Beta feature on [[Special:Watchlist]]. Based on a new design, that feature adds new functions to those pages, to ease vandalism tracking and support of newcomers: * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|Filtering]] - filter recent changes with easy-to-use and powerful filters combinations, including filtering by namespace or tagged edits. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Highlighting function|Highlighting]] - add a colored background to the different changes you are monitoring. It helps quick identification of changes that matter to you. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Bookmarking|Bookmarking]] to keep your favorite configurations of filters ready to be used. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quality and Intent Filters|Quality and Intent Filters]] - those filters use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES predictions]]. They identify real vandalism or good faith intent contributions that need help. They are not available on all wikis. You can know more about this project by visiting [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quick tour|the quick tour help page]]. <big>'''About the release on Watchlists'''</big> Over 70,000 people have activated the New Filters beta, which has been in testing on Watchlist for more than eight months. We feel confident that the features are stable and effective, but if you have thoughts about these tools or the beta graduation, [[mw:Talk:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|please let us know]] on the project talk page. In particular, tell us if you know of a special incompatibility or other issue that makes the New Filters problematic on your wiki. We’ll examine the blocker and may delay release on your wiki until the issue can be addressed. The deployment will start on June 18 or on June 25, depending on the wiki ([[phab:T195993#4261642|check the list]]). After the deployment, you will also be able to opt-out this change directly from the Watchlist page and also in your preferences. <big>'''How to be ready?'''</big> Please share this announcement! If you use local Gadgets that change things on your Watchlist pages, or have a customized scripts or CSS, be ready. You may have to make some changes to your configuration. Despite the fact that we have tried to take most cases into consideration, some configurations may break. The Beta phase is a great opportunity to have a look at local scripts and gadgets: some of them may be replaced by native features from the Beta feature. Please share your questions and comments on the [[mw:Talk:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|feedback page]]. On behalf of the [[mw:Collaboration|Collaboration team]], [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 7 Juni 2018 13.14 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox2&oldid=18110305 --> == Update on page issues on mobile web == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Update on page issues on mobile web''' {{int:please-translate}} Hi everyone. The [[mw:Reading/Web/Team|Readers web team]] has recently begun working on exposing issue templates on the mobile website. Currently, details about issues with page content are generally hidden on the mobile website. This leaves readers unaware of the reliability of the pages they are reading. The goal of this project is to improve awareness of particular issues within an article on the mobile web. We will do this by changing the visual styling of page issues. So far, we have [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|drafted a proposal on the design and implementation]] of the project. We were also able to run [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues/Research Results|user testing on the proposed designs]]. The tests so far have positive results. Here is a quick summary of what we learned: * The new treatment increases awareness of page issues among participants. This is true particularly when they are in a more evaluative/critical mode. * Page issues make sense to readers and they understand how they work * Readers care about page issues and consider them important * Readers had overwhelmingly positive sentiments towards Wikipedia associated with learning about page issues Our next step would be to start implementing these changes. We wanted to reach out to you for any concerns, thoughts, and suggestions you might have before beginning development. Please [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|visit the project page]] where we have more information and mockups of how this may look. Please [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|leave feedback on the talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 12 Juni 2018 20.58 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18120916 --> == Tidy to RemexHtml == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[:mw:Parsing|Parsing]] team will be [[:mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|replacing Tidy with RemexHtml]] at this wiki on 5 July 2018. Some pages at this wiki use outdated HTML. This change may change the appearance of those pages. [[Special:LintErrors]] has a complete list of affected pages. Read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html this e-mail message] for more information. Read the instructions at [[:mw:Help:Extension:Linter]]. You can ask questions at [[:mw:Talk:Parsing/Replacing Tidy]]. Thank you for helping fix these problems. </div> [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 2 Juli 2018 14.38 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Editing/Parsing_change&oldid=18129171 --> == Consultation on the creation of a separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all, I'm preparing a change in who can edit sitewide CSS/JS pages. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which are executed in the browser of all readers and editors.) Currently all administrators are able to edit these pages, which poses a serious and unnecessary security risk. Soon, a dedicated, smaller user group will take over this task. Your community will be able to decide who belongs in this group, so this should mean very little change for you. You can find out more and provide feedback at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|the consultation page on Meta]]. If you are involved in maintaining CSS/JS code, or policymaking around adminship requests, please give it a look! Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 9 Juli 2018 10.50 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tgr@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=18158890 --> == Technical Advice IRC Meeting == [[File:Technical Advice IRC Meeting Logoat.svg|right|200px]] We'd like to invite you to the weekly [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|Technical Advice IRC meeting]]. The Technical Advice IRC Meeting (''TAIM'') is a weekly support event for volunteer developers. Every Wednesday, two full-time developers are available to help you with all your questions about Mediawiki, gadgets, tools and more! This can be anything from "how to get started" and "who would be the best contact for X" to specific questions on your project. The Technical Advice IRC meeting is '''every Wednesday 3-4 pm UTC''' as well as on '''every first Wednesday of the month 11-12 pm UTC'''. If you already know what you would like to discuss or ask, please add your topic to the next meeting: [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|Technical Advice IRC meeting]] Cheers, -- [[User:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|talk]]) 14:27, 30 July 2018 (UTC) == Enabling a helpful feature for Template editors == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello. The team working on TemplateStyles at the Wikimedia Foundation would like to enable TemplateStyles on this wiki. TemplateStyles is a feature to allow non-administrators to write and manage CSS styles for templates. It allows contributors who edit templates to separate content and presentation. A good web practice that makes it easier to manage the layout of templates. If you don't edit templates, this will not have any impact on your contributions. TemplateStyles is useful for a few reasons. * It makes it possible for templates to work better on mobile. * It cuts out confusion on where to apply CSS rules. * Editing CSS is currently limited to administrators, which is a major barrier to participation. * All stylesheets must be loaded on all pages (whether they actually use the page or not), which wastes bandwidth and makes debugging style rules more difficult. You can [[mw:Help:TemplateStyles|learn more about TemplateStyles on MediaWiki.org]]. [[mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|Technical documentation is also available]]. This is an optional feature and no one must use it, but template contributors are encouraged to do so! Please discuss and let us know if there are any concerns. If there are no concerns we will proceed to deploy the feature on the 9th of August. Thank you. </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 6 Agustus 2018 21.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18277775 --> == Wikidata Bridge: edit Wikidata’s data from Wikipedia infoboxes == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for writing this message in English - feel free to help us translating it :)'' Hello all, Many language versions of Wikipedia use the content of [[Wikidata]], the centralized knowledge base, to fill out the content of infoboxes. The data is stored in Wikidata and displayed, partially or completely, in the Wikipedia’s language, on the articles. This feature is used by many template editors, but brought several issues that were raised by communities in various places: not being able to edit the data directly from Wikipedia was one of them. This is the reason why the '''[[mw:Wikidata Bridge|Wikidata Bridge]]''' project started, with the goal of offering a way to Wikipedia editors to edit Wikidata’s data more easily. This will be achieved by an interface, connected to the infobox, that users can access directly from their local wiki. The project is now at an early stage of development. A lot of [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Research|user research]] has been done, and will continue to be done through the different phases of the project. The next steps of [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Development|development]] will be achieved by the development team working at Wikimedia Deutschland, starting now until the end of 2019. In order to make sure that we’re building a tool that is answering editors’ needs, we’re using agile methods in our development process. We don’t start with a fixed idea of the tool we want to deliver: we will build it together with the editors, based on feedback loops that we will regularly organize. The first version will not necessarily have all of the features you want, but it will keep evolving. Here’s the planned timeline: * From June to August, we will build the setup and technical groundwork. * From September to November 2019, we will develop the first version of the feature and publish a test system so you can try it and give feedback. * Later on, we will test the feature on a few projects, in collaboration with the communities. ** We will first focus on early adopters communities who already implemented a shortcut from their infoboxes to edit Wikidata (for example Russian, Catalan, Basque Wikipedias) ** but we also welcome also communities who [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Get_involved|volunteer to be part of the first test round]]. ** Then we will reach some of the big Wikipedias (French, German, English) in order to see if the project scales and to address their potentially different needs. ** Even later, we can consider enabling the feature on all the other projects. In any case, no deployment or big change will be enforced on the projects without talking to the communities first, and helping the template builders to prepare for the changes they will have to do on the infoboxes’ code. If you want to get involved, there are several ways to help: * Read and help translating [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge|the documentation pages]] * Follow the [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Updates|updates]] and participate in [[mw:Topic:V1x2lxtu8rgi954a|the first feedback loop]] * Talk about it with your local community More ideas will be added [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Get_involved|on this page]] along the way If you have any questions for the development team, feel free to ask them [[mw:Talk:Wikidata_Bridge|on the main talk page]]. You can also ask under this message, but if you expect an answer from me, please make sure to ping me. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 24 Juni 2019 13.03 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=19168539 --> == Wikipédia basa Sunda atawa Wikipédia Sunda? == Aya kamandang yén ngaran '''Wikipédia basa Sunda''' diganti jadi '''Wikipédia Sunda''' sangkan leuwih ringkes, sarta Wikipédia basa séjén saperti basa Jawa jeung basa Minangkabau ogé geus ngaganti ngaranna jadi Wikipédia Jawa jeung Wikipédia Minangkabau. Salian ti éta, dileungitkeunna kecap "basa" ogé sangkan ieu wikipédia bisa ngawengku réa hal, utamana ngeunaan Sunda, saperti budaya Sunda, jeung sajabana. Kumaha kamandang sadérék ngeunaan hal ieu? --[[Pamaké:A2613|A2613]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:A2613|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 02.56 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} Satuju dirobah jadi Wikipédia Sunda [[Pamaké:Harditaher|Harditaher]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Harditaher|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 03.12 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} Haméh teu panyang teuing.--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font color="#">yusup_ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 12 Juli 2019 04.05 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} [[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 04.15 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} [[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|ilhamkang]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|sawala]]) 2 Séptémber 2019 04.13 (UTC) == Google Code-In will soon take place again! Mentor tasks to help new contributors! == Hi everybody! Google Code-in (GCI) will soon take place again - a seven week long contest for 13-17 year old students to contribute to free software projects. Tasks should take an experienced contributor about two or three hours and can be of the categories Code, Documentation/Training, Outreach/Research, Quality Assurance, and User Interface/Design. Do you have any Lua, template, gadget/script or similar task that would benefit your wiki? Or maybe some of your tools need better documentation? If so, and you can imagine enjoying mentoring such a task to help a new contributor, please check out [[:mw:Google Code-in/2019]] and become a mentor. If you have any questions, feel free to ask at [[:mw:Talk:Google Code-in/2019|our talk page]]. Many thanks in advance! --[[User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] 5 Nopémber 2019 07.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Martin Urbanec@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=19202271 --> == ‎Improving the translation support for the Sundanese Wikipedia == Hi! [[:mw:Content translation|Content translation]] has been successful in supporting the translation process on many Wikipedia communities, and we want to help additional wikis with potential to grow using translation as part of [[:mw:Content translation/Boost|a new initiative]]. Content translation facilitates the creation of Wikipedia articles by translating content from other languages. It has been used already to create more than half a million articles. In addition, the tool provides [[:mw:Help:Content translation/Translating/Translation quality|mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content]], preventing the publication of lightly edited machine translations. In general, our analysis shows that the translations produced are [[:mw:Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison|less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch]]. Sundanese Wikipedia editors have used Content translation to create [[Special:CXStats|more than three hundred articles]]. Given the size of the editing community, we think that there is potential to use translation to create more articles, expand existing ones, and attract new editors that learn how to make productive edits. Translation can help the community to reduce the language gap with other languages and grow the number of editors in a sustainable way. In order to achieve this goal, we want to collaborate with you to make Content translation more visible in the Sundanese Wikipedia and support new ways to translate. As a first step, during the next weeks we plan to enable Content translation by default on the Sundanese Wikipedia. That will make it easy for users to discover the tool [[:mw:Help:Content_translation/Starting|through several entry points]]. However, users not interested in translation will still be able to disable it from their preferences. Please feel free to share any comment in this conversation thread. Thanks! --[[Pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|sawala]]) 3 Agustus 2020 12.45 (UTC) :Hello everyone. We have enabled [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content translation]] by default on the Sundanese Wikipedia. :Now it is easy for users to discover the tool [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Starting through several entry points]. However, users not interested in translation can disable it [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|from their preferences]]. :We expect this will help translators to create more content of good quality in Sundanese. We’ll be monitoring [[Special:ContentTranslationStats|the statistics for Sundanese]] as well as [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges?hidepageedits=1&hidecategorization=1&hideWikibase=1&hidelog=1&namespace=0&tagfilter=contenttranslation&limit=500&days=30&urlversion=2 the list of articles created] with the tool. Content translation provides [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality quality control mechanisms] to prevent the abuse of machine translation and the limits can be adjusted based on the needs of each community. Please, feel free to share your impressions about the content created and how the tool works for the community. This feedback is essential to improve the tool to better support your needs. :Thanks! --[[Pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|sawala]]) 11 Agustus 2020 12.00 (UTC) == Technical maintenance planed‬ == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''A maintenance operation will be performed tomorrow morning UTC time (Wednesday 17th at 07:00 AM UTC).''' It will impact all wikis and is supposed to last up to one minute. During this time, new translations may fail, and Notifications may not be delivered. For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T273762|on Phabricator]]. A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation. Thank you, [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 16 Pébruari 2021 17.45 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=21037579 --> == Coolest Tool Award 2021: Call for nominations == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Coolest Tool Award 2021 square_logo.svg|thumb|193x193px]] The third edition of the [[m:Coolest Tool Award]] is looking for nominations! Tools play an essential role for the Wikimedia projects, and so do the many volunteer developers who experiment with new ideas and develop and maintain local and global solutions to support the Wikimedia communities. The Coolest Tool Award aims to recognize and celebrate the coolest tools in a variety of categories. The awarded projects will be announced and showcased in a virtual ceremony in December. Deadline to submit nominations is October 27. More information: [[m:Coolest Tool Award]]. Thanks for your recommendations! -- [[User:SSethi (WMF)|SSethi (WMF)]] for the [[m:Coolest Tool Award#Coolest Tool Award 2021|2021 Coolest Tool Academy team]] 19 Oktober 2021 05.57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22003007 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2022 is coming. Help us! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] starts in less than two weeks ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220110T1800 Monday 10 January 2022, 18:00 UTC]). We, the team organizing the Survey, need your help. {| width=80% style="text-align:center; margin:auto;" class=plainlinks |- valign=top |width=50%| '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=agg-Community_Wishlist_Survey&action=page&filter= <span class="mw-ui-button">Translate important messages</span>]''' | [[Community Wishlist Survey/Help us|<span class="mw-ui-button>Promote the Survey</span>]] Among anyone and everyone you know who has an account on wiki. Promote the Survey on social media, via instant messaging apps, in other groups and chats, in your WikiProject, Wikimedia affiliate - wherever contributors with registered accounts may be. |} '''Only you can make the difference''' How many people will hear and read about the Survey in their language? How many will decide to participate? Will there be enough of you to vote for a change you would like to see? It all depends on you, volunteers. '''Why are we asking?''' * [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/FAQ|We have improved the documentation]]. It's friendlier and easier to use. This will mean little if it's only in English. * Thousands of volunteers haven't participated in the Survey yet. We'd like to improve that, too. Three years ago, 1387 people participated. Last year, there were 1773 of them. We hope that in the upcoming edition, there will be even more. You are better than us in contacting Wikimedians outside of wikis. We have prepared some images to share. More to come. '''What is the Community Wishlist Survey?''' [[File:Community Wishlist Survey banner - translatable.svg|350px|thumb]] It's an annual survey that allows contributors to the Wikimedia projects to propose and vote for tools and platform improvements. Long years of experience in editing or technical skills are not required. Thanks, and be safe and successful in 2022! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 29 Désémber 2021 03.15 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22319964 --> == Save the Date: Coolest Tool Award 2021: this Friday, 17:00 UTC == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <languages /> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2021 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1642179615 Friday 14 January 2022, 17:00 UTC]. This award is highlighting software tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects. The ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to our tool developers and maybe discover new tools! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Read more about the livestream and the discussion channels.]] Thanks for joining! [[m:User:AKlapper (WMF)|andre]] ([[m:User talk:AKlapper (WMF)|talk]]) -08:02, 6 January 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22528634 --> == Last two days for submitting proposals == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]] '''Tomorrow is the last day''' for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|submitting proposals for the Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]. Also, everyone is welcome to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Help us|translate, promote]], and discuss proposals. [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 22 Januari 2022 14.45 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == Rollout of the new audio and video player == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Hello, Over the next months we will gradually change the audio and video player of Wikis from Kultura to Video.js and with that, the old player won’t be accessible anymore. The new player has been active as a beta feature since May 2017. The new player has many advantages, including better design, consistent look with the rest of our interface, better compatibility with browsers, ability to work on mobile which means our multimedia will be properly accessible on iPhone, better accessibility and many more. The old player has been unmaintained for eight years now and is home-brewn (unlike the new player which is a widely used open source project) and uses deprecated and abandoned frameworks such as jQuery UI. Removing the old player’s code also improves performance of the Wikis for anyone visiting any page (by significantly reducing complexity of the dependency graph of our ResourceLoader modules. See [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/175/wikipedia_s_javascript_initialisation_on_a_budget/ this blog post.]). The old player has many open bugs that we will be able to close as resolved after this migration. The new player will solve a lot of old and outstanding issues but also it will have its own bugs. All important ones have been fixed but there will be some small ones to tackle in the future and after the rollout. What we are asking now is to turn on the beta feature for the new player and let us know about any issues. You can track the work in [[phab:T100106|T100106]] Thank you, [[User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] 17 Pébruari 2022 17.59 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Ladsgroup@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coolest Tool Award 2022: Call for nominations</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/> The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]] welcomes your nominations! What is your favorite Wikimedia related software tool? Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|submit your favorite tools]] by October 12, 2022! The awarded projects will be announced and showcased in a virtual ceremony in December. <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Oktober 2022 18.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Join the Coolest Tool Award 2022: Friday, Dec 16th, 17:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/> The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210028 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! This award is highlighting software tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects. The ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to our tool developers and maybe discover new tools! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Read more about the livestream and the discussion channels.]] Thanks for joining! -[[m:User:SSapaty (WMF)|Komla]] <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Désémber 2022 18.53 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24059435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Graph extension disabled</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" />Yesterday the [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|Wikimedia Foundation noted]] that in the interests of the security of our users, the [[mw:Extension:Graph|Graph extension]] was disabled. This means that pages that were formerly displaying graphs will now display a small blank area. To help readers understand this situation, communities can now define a brief message that can be displayed to readers in place of each graph until this is resolved. That message can be defined on each wiki at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Graph-disabled]]</bdi>. Wikimedia Foundation staff are looking at options available and expected timelines. For updates, follow the public Phabricator task for this issue: [[phab:T334940|T334940]]<section end="message" /> </div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 19 April 2023 17.36 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24483197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Automatic citations based on ISBN are broken</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" /> Apologies if this message does not reach you in your favorite language. [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)/ISBN|You can help translate it centrally at Meta]]. Thanks for your help. We have recently become unable to access the WorldCat API which provided the ability to generate citations using ISBN numbers. The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Editing_team|Editing team]] is investigating several options to restore the functionality, but will need to disable ISBN citation generation for now. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts, such as the autofill button on [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar|refToolbar]]. Please note that all the other automatic ways of generating citations, including via URL or DOI, are still available. You can keep updated on the situation [[phab:T336298|via Phabricator]], or by reading the next issues of [[m:Tech News]]. If you know of any users or groups who rely heavily on this feature (for instance, someone who has an upcoming editathon), I'd appreciate it if you shared this update with them. [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], on behalf of the Editing team.<section end="message" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 11 Méi 2023 19.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=25009633 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Temporary accounts for unregistered editors</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="body" /> ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/Updates/2023-09|Baca ini dalam bahasa Anda]] • <span class=plainlinks>[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-IP+Editing%3A+Privacy+Enhancement+and+Abuse+Mitigation%2FUpdates%2F2023-09&language=&action=page&filter= {{Int:please-translate}}]</span> • Sampaikan perubahan ini ke pengguna lain'' [[File:MediaWiki Temporary accounts page history mockup 2023-09 en.gif|alt=Pengujian halaman riwayat yang menampilkan gaya nama pengguna lama dan baru. Alamat IP 172.0.0.1 berubah menjadi akun sementara ~2024-23126-086, dengan ikon untuk membuka alamat IP asalnya|thumb|400px|Tahun depan, editor yang tidak teregistrasi akan mulai menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary_accounts|akun sementara]]]] Pada tahun 2024, penyunting yang belum [[Special:CreateAccount|mendaftarkan akun]] secara otomatis akan mulai menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary_accounts|akun sementara]]. Penyunting ini kadang disebut "Penyunting IP" karena [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/Glossary_of_key_terms#ip-address|alamat IP]]nya tampil dalam riwayat halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Tim Produk Kepercayaan dan Keamanan]] memberikan presentasi di Wikimania tentang perubahan ini. Anda dapat [https://www.youtube.com/live/3ygRnVXTAPM?si=lAkJEcvgPl1sV6JO&t=22290 menontonnya di YouTube]. Terdapat informasi lebih lanjut di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|m:IP Penyuntingan: Peningkatan Privasi dan Mitigasi Penyalahgunaan]]<section end="body" /> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]])</span> 30 Séptémber 2023 02.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636618 --> == Nulis artikel maké aksara Sunda == Di Wikipédia Sunda teu acan aya aturan ngeunaan kumaha nulis artikel maké aksara Sunda. Hal ieu diidinan atawa henteuna ? Lamun numutkeun sim kuring, upami aya nu nyerat artikel dina aksara Sunda kedah aya ogé artikel nu pakait dina aksara latinna. Ngan hanjakalna tugasna kedah 2x, janten rada ngarepotkeun ogè. Dimana artikel dina aksara latin waé teu acan kagarap sadayana. Kumaha kinten-kinten numutkeun anjeun sadaya ? @[[Pamaké:Kumincir|Kumincir]], @[[Pamaké:A2613|A2613]], @[[Pamaké:Mssetiadi|Mssetiadi]], @[[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|Ilham.nurwansah]], @[[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] Diskusi ieu kabuka ogé kanggo sadaya pamakè aktip Wikipédia Sunda. @[[Pamaké:Dinototosugiarto|Dinototosugiarto]], @[[Pamaké:Hayati Mayang Arum|Hayati Mayang Arum]], jrrd. [[Pamaké:Ariandi Lie|Ariandi Lie]] <sup>[[Obrolan pamaké:Ariandi Lie|ngobrol didieu]]</sup> 6 Juli 2024 12.32 (UTC) :{{Komentar}} abdi méndakan pérkawis anu hampir sarua di [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sawala_(basa)#Pamak%C3%A9an%20Aksara%20Sunda%20di%20Wikip%C3%A9dia%20Sunda diyeu] , kurang leuwih acan aya kawijakan nu ngatur perkawis iyeu. Mungkin éngkin tiasa di riungkeun babareungan deui kahareupna mah. Hatur nuhun <span style="border:3px outset;border-radius:9pt 0;padding:1px 7px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom right, blue,#00FF7F)">[[User:Zulf|<span style="color:#fff;font:1em Lucida Sans">🍃Zulf🍃</span>]]</span><sup>[[User talk:Zulf|''talk'']]</sup> 8 Juli 2024 10.36 (UTC) :Kedahna mah lamun ceuk urang heunteu nulis manual. Aturanna mah tiasa wéh artikel dialihaksarakeun maké bot atawa skrip kitu. Jadina urang nulis heula dina Latin engké dialihaksarakeun otomatis jadi aya ogé anu aksara Sundana. [[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:RXerself|sawala]]) 9 Juli 2024 05.50 (UTC) ::@[[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] Jadi aya dua kaca kitunya? aya tombol aksarana, abdi rada ngadukung ogé lamun kitumah.{{Thumb up}}<span style="border:3px outset;border-radius:9pt 0;padding:1px 7px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom right, blue,#00FF7F)">[[User:Zulf|<span style="color:#fff;font:1em Lucida Sans">🍃Zulf🍃</span>]]</span><sup>[[User talk:Zulf|''talk'']]</sup> 9 Juli 2024 07.28 (UTC) ::Masalahna artikel dina aksara Sunda dipénta keur dipupus siga [[Husus:Diff/672039|kasus ieu]]. Nu menta pamupusan nyaéta anggota SWMT (Small Wiki Monitoring Team) WMF. Taah kumaha kinten-kinten lamun kieu ? [[Pamaké:Ariandi Lie|Ariandi Lie]] <sup>[[Obrolan pamaké:Ariandi Lie|ngobrol didieu]]</sup> 23 Juli 2024 12.16 (UTC) == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita Unggulan''' * Penatalayan kini dapat [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|memblokir akun secara global]]. Sebelum [[phab:T17294|perubahan]], hanya alamat IP dan rentang IP yang dapat diblokir secara global. Memblokir akun secara global berguna ketika pengguna yang diblokir seharusnya tidak keluar log. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Penguncian global]] (semacam mekanisme serupa yang pengguna harus keluar log dari akun mereka) tidak terpengaruh oleh perubahan ini. Fitur pemblokiran akun global yang baru ini berhubungan dengan proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]], yakni jenis akun pengguna baru yang menggantikan alamat IP editor yang tidak terdaftar dan tidak lagi terbuka. * Akhir pekan ini, pengguna situs Wikimedia akan melihat bahwa antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (juga dikenal sebagai "Perubahan Tertunda") telah diperbaiki dan selaras dengan antarmuka MediaWiki lainnya dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|sistem desain Wikimedia]]. Pengalaman antarmuka FlaggedRevs di ponsel dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|kulit Minerva]] sebelumnya tidak konsisten sehingga perlu diperbaiki dan dipindahkan ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] oleh tim Growth WMF dan beberapa sukarelawan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Pengguna situs Wikimedia sekarang dapat mengirimkan permintaan penghilangan akun melalui [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. Fitur ini berguna ketika seorang kontributor ingin berhenti menyunting selamanya. Fitur ini akan membantu Anda menyembunyikan keterkaitan dan penyuntingan Anda di masa lalu untuk melindungi privasi Anda. Setelah diproses, akun tersebut akan dikunci dan diganti namanya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Apakah Anda sudah mencoba memantau dan mengatasi vandalisme di Wikipedia menggunakan ponsel Anda? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ Sebuah artikel blog Diff tentang fitur Patroli di Aplikasi Seluler] menyoroti beberapa kemampuan baru dalam fitur tersebut, termasuk menggeser umpan perubahan terbaru dan perpustakaan pribadi pesan pembicaraan pengguna untuk digunakan saat berpatroli dari ponsel Anda. * Kontributor Wikimedia dan lembaga GLAM (galeri, perpustakaan, arsip, dan museum) sekarang dapat mempelajari dan mengukur dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh Wikimedia Commons dalam menciptakan konten ensiklopedis yang berkualitas dengan menggunakan dasbor analisis [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics]. Dasbor ini menawarkan analisis kepada lembaga-lembaga mengenai hal-hal seperti penyuntingan bulanan dalam sebuah kategori, berkas yang paling banyak dilihat, dan artikel Wikimedia mana yang menggunakan gambar-gambar Commons. Sebagai hasil dari timbunan data baru ini, lembaga GLAM dapat mengukur keuntungan investasi mereka dengan lebih andal untuk program-program yang membawa konten ke dalam Commons digital. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Berita Terbaru Proyek''' * Bagikan ide Anda guna menyempurnakan wiki melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] yang baru saja dibuka kembali. Daftar Harapan Komunitas adalah forum Wikimedia bagi para sukarelawan untuk berbagi ide (yang disebut sebagai harapan) untuk menyempurnakan kinerja wiki. Versi baru dari daftar harapan selalu terbuka, dapat digunakan dengan teks wiki dan Visual Editor, dan menerima harapan dalam bahasa apa pun. '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Anda pernah membayangkan bagaimana perangkat lunak Wikimedia bekerja dalam lebih dari 300 bahasa? Jumlah ini adalah 253 bahasa lebih banyak daripada antarmuka Google Chrome, dan ini bukan suatu kebetulan. Tim Pelokalan Bahasa dan Produk di Wikimedia Foundation mendukung upaya Anda dengan mengadaptasi semua perkakas dan antarmuka yang Anda gunakan ke bahasa Anda dan bahasa lain. Baca lebih lanjut mengenai tim ini dan pekerjaan mereka yang akan datang di [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff].</span> * Bagaimana Wikimedia dapat membangun produk yang inovatif dan bereksperimen sambil mempertahankan situs web yang banyak digunakan? Sebuah [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ artikel blog] baru-baru ini yang ditulis oleh staf WMF, Johan Jönsson, menyoroti pekerjaan inisiatif [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|Pemirsa Masa Depan WMF]], dengan tujuan bukan untuk membuat produk yang sudah jadi, melainkan untuk menguji ide-ide baru, seperti [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|pengaya ChatGPT]] dan [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], untuk membantu membawa Wikimedia ke masa depan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' Anda juga dapat menerima berita lain dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juli 2024 00.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juli 2024 23.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dua fungsi pengurai baru akan diluncurkan pada pekan ini: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> dan <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. Keduanya akan mengurangi kebutuhan untuk <code>Template:Dir</code> dan <code>Template:BCP47</code> di Commons dan memungkinkan kami untuk [[phab:T343131|membuang 100 juta baris]] dari basis data "apa yang terhubung di sini". Para penyunting di wiki manapun yang menggunakan templat ini dapat membantu dengan mengganti templatnya dengan fungsi-fungsi baru ini. Templat-templat di Commons akan diperbarui selama Hackathon di Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Komunitas dapat meminta aktivasi penyunting visual di seluruh ruang nama tempat diskusi kadang-kadang terjadi (misalnya ruang nama ''Wikipedia:'' atau ''Wikisource:'') jika mereka sudah mengerti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|batasan-batasan yang ada]]. Untuk berdiskusi, para pengguna sudah dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] di ruang nama ini. * Kategori pelacakan " Pages using Timeline" telah diberi nama baru menjadi "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" di [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 TranslateWiki]. Wikipedia yang telah menggunakan kategori ini secara lokal harus mengganti nama kategori lokal mereka agar sesuai. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Para penyunting yang membantu menyelenggarakan WikiProjects dan kolaborasi di dalam wiki yang sama, diundang untuk berbagi ide dan contoh-contoh kerja sama yang berhasil dengan tim Campaigns and Programs. Anda dapat mengisi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|angket singkat]] atau membagikan gagasan Anda di [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|halaman pembicaraan]]. Secara khusus, tim tersebut mencari informasi mengenai kolaborasi yang berhasil pada wiki berbahasa selain bahasa Inggris. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengurai baru sedang diluncurkan di wiki {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} selama beberapa bulan ke depan. Wiki {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} dan {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} [[phab:T365367|telah beralih]] ke Parsoid pada pekan lalu. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * Terdapat lebih dari 200 sesi di Wikimania pada pekan ini. Berikut ini adalah rangkuman dari beberapa [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|sesi utama yang berkaitan dengan area produk dan teknologi]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]] terbaru telah terbit. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Nawala Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya termasuk: Pratinjau desain baru untuk halaman-halaman yang dapat diterjemahkan; Pembaruan tentang MinT untuk Para Pembaca Wiki; penerbitan tumpukan terjemahan; dan lain-lain. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|Nawala Wawasan Produk MediaWiki]] bulanan terbaru telah terbit. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Agustus 2024 20.42 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Para penyunting dan pengelola [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] kini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|memperlihatkan CAPTCHA jika sebuah penyaring cocok dengan sebuah suntingan]]. Hal ini memudahkan komunitas untuk menanggapi spam yang dilakukan oleh bot otomatis dengan segera. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Para penatalayan]] sekarang dapat menentukan apakah pemblokiran global sebaiknya mencegah pembuatan akun. Sebelum [[phab:T17273|perubahan ini]] dilakukan oleh Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]], semua pemblokiran global akan menghalangi pembuatan akun. Hal ini akan memudahkan penatalayan mengatasi efek samping yang tidak diinginkan dari pemblokiran global pada alamat IP. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominasi sedang dibuka di Wikitech]] kepada anggota baru untuk melengkapi [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|komite standar Toolforge]]. Komite ini bertugas untuk mengawasi kebijakan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork]] dan kebijakan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool]] di antara tugas-tugas lainnya. Nominasi akan dibuka hingga paling lambat 26 Agustus 2024. * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam bahasa [[d:Q2880037|Bajau Pantai Barat]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Agustus 2024 23.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == Badé sumping: Fitur sub-rujukan énggal - cobian! == <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]].</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Please help us spread the message.</span> --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Para penyunting yang ingin menggunakan ulang referensi tetapi dengan informasi yang berbeda, seperti nomor halaman, mereka dapat melakukannya pada akhir tahun 2024, dengan menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-rujukan]] yang baru. Anda dapat membaca lebih lanjut tentang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|proyek ini]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|cara menguji purwarupanya]]. * Para penyunting yang memakai kategori pelacakan untuk mengenali halaman mana yang menggunakan ekstensi tertentu mungkin menyadari bahwa enam dari kategori tersebut telah diganti namanya agar lebih mudah dipahami dan dibuat konsisten. Kategori-kategori ini secara otomatis ditambahkan ke halaman yang menggunakan ekstensi MediaWiki khusus. Nama-nama yang terpengaruh adalah untuk: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Setiap wiki yang telah membuat kategori secara lokal harus mengganti nama ciptaan lokalnya supaya sesuai. Terima kasih kepada Pppery untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Sukarelawan teknis yang menyunting modul dan ingin mendapatkan daftar kategori yang digunakan di sebuah halaman, kini dapat melakukannya dengan menggunakan atribut <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> dari <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. Cara ini memudahkan wiki untuk mengatur alur kerja seperti pemberitahuan penyuntingan khusus kategori. Terima kasih kepada SD001 untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Status kekutu''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dukungan Anda akan membantu untuk memeriksa apakah terdapat halaman yang perlu dipindahkan atau dihapus. Sebuah skrip pemeliharaan telah dijalankan untuk membersihkan halaman-halaman yang tidak dapat dijangkau (karena kendala Unicode atau adanya nama ruang/nama alias baru). Skrip tersebut mencari kesesuaian nama halaman (misalnya dengan mengikuti perubahan Unicode atau dengan memindahkan halaman yang judulnya di Wikipedia dimulai dengan <code>Talk:WP:</code> agar judulnya dimulai dengan <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), tetapi hal tersebut mungkin mengalami kebuntuan pada beberapa halaman, dan sebagai gantinya dipindahkan ke <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi>. Komunitas Anda sebaiknya memeriksa apakah ada halaman yang tercantum di sana, dan segera pindahkan ke judul yang benar, atau hapus jika sudah tidak diperlukan lagi. Sebuah log utuh (termasuk halaman-halaman yang nama-namanya dapat ditemukan) tersedia di [[phab:P67388]]. * Para penyunting yang menjadi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|pembimbing]] bagi para pendatang baru di wiki mereka kini dapat mengakses daftar calon peserta bimbingan yang dapat dihubungi untuk memberikan petunjuk dan bimbingan. Fungsionalitas ini telah dipulihkan berkat [[phab:T372164|perbaikan sebuah kekutu]]. Terima kasih kepada Mbch331 yang telah mengajukan laporan kekutu. Anda dapat membaca tentang hal tersebut, dan 18 tugas lain yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Batas waktu pendaftaran untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Dewan Penasihat Produk & Teknologi]] (PTAC) telah diperpanjang hingga 16 September. Para anggota akan membantu dalam memberikan saran kepada pimpinan Product and Technology Foundation mengenai rencana jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, masalah strategis yang kompleks, serta membantu mendapatkan umpan balik dari para kontributor dan komunitas teknis. Anggota yang terpilih diharapkan meluangkan waktu sekitar lima jam per bulan untuk posisi Dewan ini selama masa percobaan satu tahun. Pertimbangkanlah untuk mendaftar, dan sebarkanlah informasi ini kepada para sukarelawan yang menurut Anda dapat memberikan kontribusi positif kepada komite itu. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2024]] dianugerahkan di Wikimania dalam tujuh kategori. Sebagai contoh, satu penghargaan jatuh kepada ISA Tool, yang digunakan untuk menambahkan data terstruktur kepada berkas-berkas di Commons, yang baru-baru ini disempurnakan pada saat [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Hackathon Wiki Mentor Africa]]. Anda dapat melihat video peragaan setiap perkakas di halaman penghargaannya. Terima kasih kepada para penerima penghargaan tahun ini, dan terima kasih kepada semua pembuat dan pengelola perkakas. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]] terbaru telah diterbitkan, dan memuat beberapa hal penting dari Wikimania, pertemuan komunitas Bahasa yang akan berlangsung, dan berita lain dari gerakan Wikimedia. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 Agustus 2024 00.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Agustus 2024 20.31 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting dan pengembang sukarelawan yang berminat pada visualisasi data kini dapat menguji perangkat lunak baru untuk pembuatan bagan. Versi awal tersedia di beta Commons dan beta Wikipedia. Ini merupakan tonggak penting sebelum membuat bagan tersedia di wiki secara umum. Anda dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|membaca lebih lanjut mengenai perkembangan proyek ini]] dan membantu menguji bagan tersebut. '''Berita unggulan''' * Editor yang menggunakan halaman [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] kini dapat menyaring halaman yang diinginkan untuk tetap berada di sana, seperti bak pasir, kasus uji, dan templat yang selalu disubstitusi. Para penyunting dapat menambahkan kata magis baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] ke halaman templat untuk menyembunyikannya dari daftar. Terima kasih kepada Sophivorus dan DannyS712 untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Para penyunting yang menggunakan perkakas New Topic di halaman diskusi, [[phab:T334163|sekarang akan diingatkan]] untuk menambahkan tajuk bagian, yang akan membantu menurunkan jumlah pengguna baru yang menambah bagian tanpa tajuk. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang hal tersebut, dan {{formatnum:28}} tugas lain yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. * Pada pekan lalu, beberapa perkakas Toolforge sempat mengalami masalah koneksi. Penyebabnya masih diselidiki, tetapi permasalahan tersebut telah teratasi untuk saat ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Para pengurus terjemahan di wiki multibahasa kini dapat dengan mudah menandai perubahan mana yang memerlukan pemutakhiran terjemahan ketika menyunting beberapa unit terjemahan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan [[phab:T298852#10087288|menu tarik-turun yang baru]]. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Sebuah naskah rancangan kebijakan baru yang membahas penggunaan API Wikimedia [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|telah diterbitkan di Meta-Wiki]]. Draf naskah tersebut tidak mencerminkan perubahan kebijakan di sekitar API, melainkan sebuah upaya untuk mengkodifikasikan peraturan API yang sudah ada. Komentar, pertanyaan, dan saran dapat disampaikan di [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|halaman pembicaraan usulan pembaruan]] hingga 13 September atau hingga diskusi tersebut selesai. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang teknologi di balik proyek-proyek Wikimedia, Anda sekarang dapat menonton sesi dari jalur teknologi di Wikimania 2024 di Commons. Pada pekan ini, simaklah: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 menit) – tentang proyek Charts yang disebutkan di atas. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 menit) – tentang beberapa perkakas bahasa yang mendukung situs Wikimedia, seperti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Penerjemahan Konten]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Bagian]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], dan LanguageConverter, serta kondisi saat ini dan masa depan penerimaan bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Séptémber 2024 01.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Mulai pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaksis]] standar akan memiliki warna baru yang membuatnya serasi dalam mode gelap. Perubahan ini merupakan perubahan pertama dari banyak peningkatan yang akan dilakukan sebagai bagian dari peningkatan besar pada penyorotan sintaksis. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang perubahan yang akan datang di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|halaman bantuan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Para penyunting wiki yang menggunakan Wikidata sekarang akan diberitahu tentang perubahan-perubahan Wikidata yang relevan dalam daftar pantauan mereka. Alasannya adalah karena fungsi Lua <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> akan menggabungkan logikanya untuk melacak berbagai sisi dari pranala untuk mengurangi pemberitahuan tidak penting dari [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|pelacakan pranala yang tidak konsisten]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Pengguna semua wiki hanya dapat mengakses situs-situs Wikimedia dalam mode hanya-baca selama beberapa menit pada 25 September, mulai pukul 15.00 UTC. Hal ini merupakan peralihan pusat data terencana untuk tujuan pemeliharaan. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diumumkan di Berita Teknis dan juga akan dimuat di setiap wiki dalam beberapa pekan mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Para kontributor dari [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedia]], termasuk bahasa Inggris akan mendapatkan ruang nama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> yang baru di Wikipedia mereka. Pembaruan ini memastikan bahwa pranala yang dimulai dengan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (biasanya pintasan ke [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) tidak rusak oleh Wikipedia [[w:en:Mooré|bahasa Mooré]] (kode bahasa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Séptémber 2024 18.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Séptémber 2024 00.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Kabar minggu ini''' * Pengalihan pusat data Wikimedia rutin yang kedua pada tahun ini akan berlangsung pada 25 September 2024. Hal ini mengakibatkan seluruh wiki menjadi tidak bisa disunting untuk beberapa menit (''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]]''), sekitar [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 pukul 22.00 WIB]. '''Pembaruan untuk kontributor''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|Tampilan fitur alt-text pada aplikasi iOS Wikipedia]] * Aplikasi iOS Wikipedia Bahasa Spanyol, Portugis, Prancis dan Tionghoa kini dilengkapi dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|penambahan alt-text]] pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|gambar]]. Fitur alt-text berfungsi untuk memberikan deskripsi tekstual suatu gambar kepada pengguna dengan disabilitas visual. Anda dapat memberikan masukan dan saran terhadap fitur ini melalui [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|halaman pembicaraan ini]]. * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Palet warna [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/ Codex Design System] kini [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Design_System_Team/Color/Design_documentation#Updates telah diperbarui] untuk mendukung penerapan fitur mode gelap (*dark mode*).</span> * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Potongan kode program di MediaWiki, baik itu yang berada di dalam laman kode modul maupun yang berada di dalam tag <code><syntaxhighlight></code>, kini [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166 dilengkapi] dengan fitur hyperlink ke link eksternal, <code><nowiki>[[wikilink]]</nowiki></code> dan <code><nowiki>{{template link}}</nowiki></code>. ** Fitur ini sudah diaktifkan terlebih dahulu secara lokal di laman kode gadget Wiktionary Bahasa Inggris. Sebagai contoh, lihat kode baris 223 pada [https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-CodeLinks.js laman ini].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Terdapat beberapa perbaikan bug pada fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * Selain itu, {{PLURAL:25|terdapat}} {{formatnum:25}} [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|isu teknis]] lainnya yang berhasil diselesaikan pada minggu kemarin. '''Pembaruan untuk kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] ** <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Enterprise Free API [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ kini dilengkapi] dengan kuota 5000 request on-demand dan akses snapshot API (HTML dump) dua kali tiap bulan.</span> ** <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Enterprise Snapshot API kini dilengkapi dengan fitur [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ Structured Content] versi beta. Sementara itu, dataset Wikipedia Bahasa Inggris dan Prancis dalam format Structured Content kini [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ tersedia] di platform Hugging Face.</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In depth</span>''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai tindak lanjut dari rencana [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split pemisahan butir artikel ilmiah dari database Wikidata], SPARQL endpoint Wikidata kini [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/September_2024_scaling_update dipisah] menjadi dua : [https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ scholarly] dan [https://query-main.wikidata.org/ main]. [https://query.wikidata.org/ SPARQL endpoint Wikidata yang dulu] akan tetap menyediakan akses ke seluruh butir Wikidata (sebelum pemisahan) sampai bulan Maret 2025. Setelah itu, endpoint tersebut akan berubah menjadi endpoint main (tanpa butir artikel ilmiah).</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Séptémber 2024 23.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2024 18.57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pembaca dari [[phab:T375401|42 wiki lain]] sekarang dapat menggunakan Mode Gelap. Apabila opsi ini belum tersedia untuk pengguna yang keluar log, ini kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh banyak templat yang belum ditampilkan dengan baik dalam Mode Gelap. Silakan gunakan [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ perkakas pemeriksa mode gelap] jika Anda tertarik untuk membantu mengurangi permasalahan ini. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|Halaman rekomendasi]] memberi panduan tentang hal ini. Mode Gelap dapat diaktifkan pada wiki lainnya satu kali per bulan. * Para penyunting yang menggunakan editor teks wiki 2010 sebagai penyunting bawaan dapat mengakses fitur-fitur dari penyunting teks wikitext 2017 dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> ke URL. Jika Anda ingin mengaktifkan editor teks wiki 2017 sebagai pengaturan bawaan Anda, opsi ini dapat diatur di [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|preferensi Anda]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * Untuk para pembaca yang sudah keluar log dan menggunakan kulit Vector 2022, pranala "Donasi" telah dipindahkan dari menu yang dapat diciutkan di sebelah area konten menjadi menu bagian atas yang lebih mudah terlihat, di sebelah "Buat akun". Cara ini mengembalikan pranala tersebut ke tingkat kedudukannya seperti pada kulit Vector 2010. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Pelajari lebih lanjut]] tentang perubahan yang terkait dengan pengalaman donor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * Ekstensi CampaignEvents menyediakan sarana bagi para panitia untuk mengelola acara dengan lebih mudah, berkomunikasi dengan para peserta, dan mempromosikan acara mereka di wiki. Ekstensi ini telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|diaktifkan]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Wikipedia bahasa Igbo, Wikipedia bahasa Swahili, dan Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Wikipedia bahasa Mandarin]] sudah memutuskan untuk mengaktifkan ekstensi tersebut, dan diskusi mengenai ekstensi ini sedang berlangsung di [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|Wikipedia bahasa Spanyol]] dan [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|Wikidata]]. Untuk mempelajari cara mengaktifkan ekstensi di wiki Anda, Anda dapat mengunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|halaman CampaignEvents di Meta-Wiki]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:22}} {{PLURAL:22|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para pengembang yang memiliki akun di wiki Wikitech sebaiknya [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|memeriksa apakah ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan]] pada akun mereka. Wiki tersebut sedang mengalami perombakan untuk menggunakan sistem "Single-User-Login" (SUL) dan perubahan konfigurasi lainnya. Pembaruan ini akan membantu mengurangi kerumitan secara keseluruhan dalam pembaruan perangkat lunak mingguan di semua wiki kami. '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Pengalihan peladen]] telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu dengan waktu baca-saja [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|hanya 2 menit 46 detik]]. Proses berkala ini memastikan bahwa para teknisi dapat mengalihkan pusat data dan menjaga agar semua wiki tetap dapat diakses oleh para pembaca, bahkan jika ada masalah teknis yang besar. Hal ini juga memberikan peluang bagi para teknisi untuk melakukan pemeliharaan dan peningkatan pada sistem yang biasanya berjalan 24 jam sehari, dan kerap kali membantu mengungkap kelemahan dalam infrastruktur. Proses ini melibatkan puluhan layanan perangkat lunak dan ratusan peladen perangkat keras, dan membutuhkan beberapa tim yang bekerja secara bersama-sama. Upaya yang dilakukan selama beberapa tahun terakhir ini telah memangkas waktu dari 17 menit menjadi 2–3 menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 4–6 Oktober: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|Hackathon di WikiIndaba Conference]] di Johannesburg, Afrika Selatan * 4–6 November: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] di Wina, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Séptémber 2024 22.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para komunitas kini dapat meminta pemasangan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] di wiki mereka. Automoderator merupakan sebuah alat anti-vandalisme otomatis yang mengembalikan suntingan yang buruk berdasarkan nilai dari model pembelajaran mesin "Revert Risk" yang baru. Anda dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|membaca informasi lebih lanjut mengenai langkah-langkah yang diperlukan]] untuk pemasangannya dan konfigurasinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penerjemah di wiki yang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|menggunakan pengalaman Penerjemahan Konten seluler]] kini dapat menyesuaikan daftar saran artikel mereka dari 41 pilihan pilihan penyaringan saat menggunakan fitur ini. Fitur saran artikel berbasis topik ini memudahkan penerjemah untuk menemukan sendiri artikel yang cocok berdasarkan bidang yang mereka minati dan kemudian menerjemahkannya. Anda dapat [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions segera mencobanya dengan perangkat seluler Anda]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * Lihat {{formatnum:12}} {{PLURAL:12|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Blok kode <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> kini dapat menawarkan tombol "Salin" kepada pembaca jika atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|diatur pada tag]]. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Pesan catatan kaki hak cipta yang dikustomisasi di semua wiki akan dimutakhirkan. Versi baru akan menggunakan markah teks wiki alih-alih menggunakan penyuntingan HTML mentah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pada akhir bulan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] akan diluncurkan pada beberapa wiki percobaan. Daftar lengkap wiki akan dipublikasikan pada paruh kedua bulan ini. Jika Anda mengelola perkakas, bot, atau gawai apa pun [[phab:T376499|di 11 wiki ini]], dan peranti lunak Anda memanfaatkan data alamat IP atau dapat diakses oleh pengguna yang sudah keluar log, harap periksa apakah peranti lunak tersebut perlu diperbarui agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Tersedia panduan tentang cara memperbarui kode itu]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pembatasan kecepatan sudah diaktifkan pada perangkat peninjauan kode [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] dan [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] untuk mengatasi masalah yang sedang berlangsung yang diakibatkan oleh lalu lintas dan aktivitas jahat. Klien yang membuka terlalu banyak koneksi secara bersamaan akan dibatasi selama beberapa menit. Pembatasan kecepatan ini dikendalikan melalui aturan tembok api [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]]. Penjelasan lebih lanjut, lihat halaman Wikitech tentang [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|pembatasan GitLab]], dan [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|operasi Gerrit]]. * Lima wiki baru telah dirilis: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} [[d:Q49224|bahasa Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} [[d:Q36096|bahasa Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} [[d:Q36213|bahasa Madura]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} [[d:Q2501174|bahasa Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} [[d:Q56482|bahasa Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 Oktober 2024 23.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ekstensi Structured Discussion (juga dikenal sebagai Flow) kini mulai dihapus. Ekstensi ini tidak dikelola lagi dan menyebabkan beberapa masalah. Ekstensi ini akan digantikan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], yang digunakan pada halaman pembicaraan biasa. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|Sejumlah wiki dalam kelompok pertama]] sedang dihubungi dan diajak untuk meninggalkan penggunaan Flow, serta memindahkan semua halaman Flow ke subhalaman sebagai arsip. Di wiki-wiki ini, sebuah skrip akan memindahkan semua halaman Flow yang bukan subhalaman ke subhalaman secara otomatis mulai tanggal 22 Oktober 2024. Pada 28 Oktober 2024, semua halaman Flow di wiki tersebut akan disetel dalam mode hanya-baca. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * Tim Search Platform WMF sedang mengerjakan upaya untuk mempermudah pembaca dalam melakukan pencarian teks dalam bahasa mereka. [[phab:T332342|Perubahan yang dilakukan pada pekan lalu]] terhadap 30 bahasa lebih memudahkan pencarian kata-kata dengan aksen dan diakritik lainnya. Hal ini berlaku pada pencarian teks lengkap dan jenis pencarian lanjutan seperti kata kunci <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> dan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi>. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai hal-hal teknis (termasuk beberapa peningkatan pencarian kecil lainnya) telah tersedia. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] telah dipasang di Wikipedia bahasa Rusia, dan perbaikan telah dilakukan untuk beberapa tampilan antarmuka pengguna yang masih kurang. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan perkakas Toolforge [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] sekarang akan diminta untuk masuk dengan akun Wikimedia mereka sebelum menjalankan pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan opsi "mesin pencari". Pembaruan ini diperlukan untuk membantu mencegah bot pihak luar menyalahgunakan sistem ini. Terima kasih kepada Chlod untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * Para pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] dapat membuat tiket dan menambahkan komentar pada tiket yang sudah ada melalui surel. Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|pengiriman surel ke Phabricator]] telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Beberapa elemen HTML dalam antarmuka kini dibungkus dengan elemen <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code>, untuk membuat output HTML kami lebih selaras dengan standar Web. Akan ada lebih banyak perubahan seperti ini dalam beberapa pekan ke depan. Perubahan ini mungkin akan berdampak pada beberapa perkakas yang bergantung pada struktur HTML antarmuka sebelumnya. Harap diperhatikan bahwa ketergantungan pada struktur HTML antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|tidak dianjurkan]] dan dapat mengalami kerusakan sewaktu-waktu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|Nawala MediaWiki Product Insights]] bulanan terbaru telah diterbitkan. Edisi ini memuat: pembaruan pada sistem autentikasi Wikimedia, penelitian untuk menyederhanakan pengembangan fitur pada platform MediaWiki, pembaruan pada Unifikasi Parser dan peluncuran MathML, dan masih banyak lagi. * [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Nawala Technical Community]] triwulan terbaru kini telah diterbitkan. Edisi kali ini memuat: penelitian tentang saran perbaikan topik yang berhubungan dengan negara, perbaikan tes PHPUnit, dan masih banyak lagi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Oktober 2024 21.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Mobile Apps telah merilis sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|pembaruan]] pada navigasi aplikasi iOS, dan kini telah tersedia di versi App Store terbaru. Kami menambahkan menu Profil baru yang memudahkan akses ke fitur-fitur editor seperti Notifikasi dan Daftar Pantauan dari tampilan Artikel, dan menempatkan tombol "Donasi" di tempat yang lebih mudah diakses oleh para pengguna yang sedang membaca artikel. Hal ini merupakan tahap pertama dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|penyegaran navigasi]] yang lebih besar yang direncanakan untuk membantu transisi aplikasi iOS dari aplikasi yang berfokus pada pembaca, menjadi sebuah aplikasi yang mendukung penuh kegiatan membaca dan menyunting. Wikimedia Foundation telah menambahkan beberapa fitur penyuntingan dan dukungan untuk komunikasi di dalam wiki berdasarkan permintaan sukarelawan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|Menu profil dan konten Wikipedia App iOS]] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pembaca Wikipedia sekarang dapat mengunduh ekstensi peramban untuk mencoba beberapa ide awal mengenai fitur tambahan yang dapat merekomendasikan artikel untuk dibaca lebih lanjut, meringkas artikel secara otomatis, dan meningkatkan fungsionalitas pencarian. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk mengikuti perkembangannya, lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|halaman Content Discovery Experiments]] dari tim Web dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|berlangganan nawala mereka]]. * Pada akhir bulan ini, para penyunting yang sudah keluar log dari [[phab:T376499|12 wiki ini]] akan mulai dibuatkan [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]]. Daftar ini mungkin akan sedikit berubah, di mana beberapa wiki akan dikeluarkan dari daftar, tetapi tidak ada wiki baru yang akan ditambahkan. Akun sementara merupakan jenis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|akun pengguna yang baru]]. Fitur ini meningkatkan privasi penyunting yang keluar log dan memudahkan anggota komunitas untuk berkomunikasi dengan mereka. Jika Anda mengelola perkakas, bot, atau gawai apa pun di 12 wiki ini, dan perangkat lunak Anda menggunakan data tentang alamat IP atau dapat diakses oleh pengguna yang keluar, periksa apakah perlu dimutakhirkan agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Panduan tentang cara memperbarui kode sudah tersedia]]. Pelajari lebih lanjut mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|rencana penerapannya di semua wiki]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, Wikipedia bahasa [[w:nr:Main Page|Ndebele Selatan]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]], dan [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * Sekarang Anda dapat membuat fungsi di Wikifunctions dengan menggunakan leksem Wikidata, melalui [[f:Z6005|jenis leksem Wikidata]] baru yang diluncurkan minggu lalu. Ketika Anda membuka salah satu dari fungsi-fungsi ini, antarmuka pengguna akan menyediakan pemilih lema yang membantu Anda memilih lema dari Wikidata yang cocok dengan kata yang Anda ketik. Setelah menekan tombol Run, lema yang Anda pilih akan ditarik dari Wikidata, diubah menjadi tipe lema Wikidata, dan diteruskan ke fungsi yang dipilih. Pelajari lebih lanjut mengenai hal ini di [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|nawala Wikifunctions terbaru]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna situs Wikimedia sekarang dapat memformat tanggal dengan lebih mudah dalam berbagai bahasa dengan fungsi pengurai <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> yang baru. Sebagai contoh, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> akan ditampilkan sebagai "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Sebelumnya, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> dapat digunakan untuk memformat tanggal, tetapi hal ini membutuhkan pemahaman tentang urutan komponen waktu dan tanggal serta tanda baca yang menyertainya. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (atau <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> untuk waktu lokal) menyediakan akses ke format tanggal standar yang digunakan MediaWiki dalam antarmuka penggunanya. Hal ini dapat membantu menyederhanakan beberapa templat di wiki multibahasa seperti Commons dan Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna Commons dan Meta sekarang dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|memperoleh bahasa pengguna]] secara optimal dengan menggunakan <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> alih-alih menggunakan <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] (PTAC) kini memiliki anggota perintis dengan perwakilan di Afrika, Asia, Eropa, Amerika Utara, dan Amerika Selatan. Mereka akan menangani inisiatif [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Dewan Teknologi Strategi Gerakan]] untuk menciptakan platform teknologi gabungan yang lebih tangguh. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Nawala Growth]] triwulanan terbaru telah tersedia. Di dalamnya memuat: modul Pembaruan Komunitas Beranda Pendatang Baru yang akan datang, opsi Konfigurasi Komunitas yang baru, dan informasi mengenai proyek-proyek baru. * Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|kini menjadi mitra resmi dari program CVE]], yang merupakan upaya internasional untuk membuat katalog kerentanan keamanan siber yang telah diungkapkan kepada publik. Kemitraan ini akan memungkinkan Tim Keamanan secara cepat menerbitkan catatan [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|kerentanan dan eksposur umum]] (CVE) yang memengaruhi bagian inti, ekstensi, dan kulit MediaWiki, serta kode lain yang dikelola oleh Foundation. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] sekarang sedang [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|menguji coba terjemahan mesin]] pada konten Daftar Harapan. Para sukarelawan kini dapat membaca versi terjemahan mesin dari daftar keinginan dan ikut berdiskusi bahkan sebelum para penerjemah tiba untuk mengerjakan alih bahasa. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 24 Oktober — Webinar Seri Pembicara Pendidikan Wiki — [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Teknologi Sumber Terbuka: Membangun Dasbor Pendidikan Wiki], dengan menghadirkan pemagang magang Wikimedia dan seorang pengembang Web dalam sebuah panel. * 20–22 Desember 2024 — [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] di Odisha, India. Hackathon untuk anggota komunitas, termasuk pengembang, perancang, dan editor konten, untuk membangun solusi teknis yang meningkatkan pengalaman kontributor. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Oktober 2024 20.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 22 Oktober 2024 11.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pada bulan November nanti, ekstensi Charts akan digunakan pada wiki uji coba untuk mengidentifikasi dan memperbaiki masalah yang ada. Sebuah tinjauan keamanan sedang dilakukan untuk memudahkan penerapan ke wiki percontohan guna pengujian yang lebih luas. Anda dapat membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|perkembangan proyek bulan Oktober]] dan melihat [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts dokumentasi serta contoh-contoh terbaru di Wikipedia Beta]. * Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], sebuah layanan eksternal yang dapat membuat buku dari Wikipedia, kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] untuk menampilkan gambar peta kotak informasi yang telah ditampilkan sebelumnya dalam buku cetak mereka di Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setiap wiki dapat menggunakan [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|ekstensi Guided Tour]] untuk membantu para pemula memahami cara menyunting. Ekstensi Guided Tours kini bekerja dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|mode gelap]]. Pengelola Guided Tour dapat memeriksa tur mereka untuk memastikan tidak ada yang terlihat janggal. Pengelola juga dapat mengatur <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> menjadi <code>true</code> untuk memperbaiki masalah lama. Mereka dapat menggunakan tanda baru <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> untuk menghindari tombol kembali yang tidak diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Para pengurus di proyek-proyek Wikimedia yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|ekstensi Nuke]] akan melihat bahwa penghapusan massal yang dilakukan dengan alat ini memiliki tag "Nuke". Perubahan ini akan membuat proses peninjauan dan analisis penghapusan yang dilakukan dengan fitur ini menjadi lebih mudah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 28 Oktober 2024 20.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penatalayan kini dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|membuat pemblokiran akun global]] menjadi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|pemblokiran otomatis]] secara global. Cara ini akan membantu penatalayan dalam mencegah penyalahgunaan oleh pengguna yang telah diblokir secara global. Tindakan ini termasuk mencegah akun sementara yang diblokir secara global keluar log dari sesi mereka atau berpindah peramban untuk melakukan pengeditan berikutnya selama 24 jam. Sebelumnya, akun sementara dapat keluar log atau mengganti peramban untuk melanjutkan pengeditan. Peningkatan ini merupakan penyempurnaan fitur anti-penyalahgunaan untuk proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]]. Anda dapat membaca lebih lanjut tentang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|perkembangan fitur-fitur kunci dari akun sementara]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Setiap wiki yang telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|menyalakan ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Daftar Kolaborasi]]. Daftar ini merupakan cara baru yang mudah bagi kontributor untuk mempelajari tentang Proyek Wiki di wiki mereka. Terima kasih kepada tim Campaign atas karya mereka yang merupakan bagian dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|rencana tahunan 2024/2025]]. Jika Anda tertarik untuk menghadirkan ekstensi CampaignEvents ke wiki Anda, Anda tinggal [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|mengikuti langkah-langkah berikut]] atau menghubungi User:Udehb-WMF untuk memperoleh bantuan. * Warna teks untuk pranala merah akan mengalami sedikit perubahan pada akhir pekan ini demi menghasilkan kontras yang lebih baik dalam mode terang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pada wiki multibahasa, para pengguna [[phab:T216368|kini dapat]] menyembunyikan terjemahan dari halaman istimewa WhatLinksHere. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|Data buangan]] XML telah ditangguhkan untuk sementara waktu sembari menunggu hasil investigasi sebuah kekutu. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Saat ini, Akun Sementara telah diterapkan pada enam wiki. Berkat tim Trust and Safety Product atas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|usaha ini]], Anda dapat membaca tentang [[phab:T340001|rencana penerapannya]]. Terhitung mulai pekan depan, Akun Sementara juga akan diaktifkan di [[phab:T378336|tujuh proyek lainnya]]. Jika Anda aktif di wiki tersebut dan memerlukan bantuan untuk memigrasikan perkakas Anda, hubungi [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] untuk mendapatkan dukungan.</span> * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Nawala Language and Internationalization newsletter]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya mencakup: Bahasa-bahasa baru yang didukung di translatewiki atau di MediaWiki; Metode masukan papan ketik baru untuk sejumlah bahasa; informasi mengenai acara-acara yang sedang berlangsung dan yang akan datang, dan lain-lain. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Gugur 2024]] akan berlangsung di Wina, Austria dan secara daring mulai 4 hingga 6 November 2024. Konferensi ini akan menampilkan diskusi seputar penggunaan perangkat lunak MediaWiki oleh dan di dalam perusahaan di berbagai sektor industri dan akan membangkitkan semangat dan menambah pengguna baru. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Nopémber 2024 20.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di wiki yang memiliki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|ekstensi Translate]] aktif, pengguna akan melihat bahwa FuzzyBot sekarang akan membuat versi terjemahan dari kategori-kategori yang digunakan di halaman yang diterjemahkan secara otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, tugas yang diminta untuk menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|ekstensi SecurePoll]] dalam [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|pemilihan pengurus]] khusus Wikipedia bahasa Inggris telah diselesaikan tepat waktu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pada <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, logika fungsi Wikibase <code>getAllStatements</code> berubah menjadi seperti <code>getBestStatements</code>. Dengan memanggil fungsi tersebut, ia akan mengembalikan suatu salinan nilai yang tidak dapat diubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * Pengguna [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ REST API Wikimedia], seperti pengelola bot dan pemelihara perkakas mungkin akan terpengaruh oleh pembaruan yang tengah berlangsung. API akan mengalihkan beberapa titik akhir muatan halaman dari RESTbase ke titik akhir [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|API REST MediaWiki]] yang terbaru. [[phab:T374683|Titik akhir yang terdampak]] meliputi pengambilan metadata halaman/revisi dan konten HTML yang ditampilkan. Semua perubahan ini akan tersedia di wiki uji coba pada akhir pekan ini, dan akan diikuti oleh proyek-proyek lainnya. Perubahan ini seharusnya tidak berdampak pada fungsionalitas yang sudah ada, tetapi pengguna aktif dari titik akhir yang terpengaruh harus memverifikasi perilaku di test-wiki, dan menyampaikan masalah apa pun di [[phab:T374683|tiket Phabricator]] terkait. '''Lebih lanjut''' * Para pengurus dan pengguna proyek-proyek Wikimedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|tempat Automoderator diaktifkan]] kini dapat memantau dan mengevaluasi metrik-metrik penting yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas Automoderator. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ Dasbor Superset] ini menghitung dan menggabungkan metrik tindakan Automoderator di proyek-proyek yang menggunakannya. Terima kasih kepada tim Moderator Tools untuk Dasbor ini. Anda dapat mengunjungi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|halaman dokumentasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang kerja ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8.00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]) — [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Pertemuan komunitas]] dengan sukarelawan dan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan di Wikimedia Commons untuk membantu menentukan prioritas dukungan untuk Tahun Anggaran 2025–2026. Topik dari pertemuan ini adalah mengenai cara pengaturan konten di Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Nopémber 2024 00.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Nopémber 2024 01.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Versi baru dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaksis]] mode editor standar teks wiki akan dirilis dalam [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|versi beta]] pada akhir pekan ini. Versi ini menghadirkan banyak fitur baru dan perbaikan pada beberapa kekutu, termasuk dukungan terhadap penulisan dari kanan ke kiri, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|pelipatan templat]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan panel pencarian yang lebih baik. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|halaman bantuannya]]. * Editor teks wiki 2010 kini mendukung pintasan papan ketik yang umum digunakan, seperti <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> untuk huruf tebal dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> untuk huruf miring. [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|Daftar lengkap keenam pintasan tersebut]] telah tersedia. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Mulai 28 November, halaman Flow/Structured Discussions akan diarsipkan secara otomatis dan diubah menjadi hanya-baca di wiki berikut ini: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. Tindakan ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|upaya penghentian penggunaan StructuredDiscussions]]. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan untuk mengarsipkan halaman Anda sebelum tanggal tersebut, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, pengguna yang membuat AbuseFilter baru kini hanya dapat mengatur penyaring ke "protected" [[phab:T377765|jika ia menggunakan variabel yang dilindungi]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], yang digunakan di halaman JavaScript, CSS, JSON, dan Lua, [[phab:T377663|kini hadir]] dengan pelengkapan otomatis secara langsung. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk pengembangan ini. Fitur ini dapat dimatikan sementara di suatu halaman dengan menekan tombol <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> dan menghapus centang di "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengelola perkakas yang menggunakan sistem Graphite untuk melacak metrik sebaiknya bermigrasi ke sistem Prometheus yang lebih baru. Pengelola tersebut dapat memeriksa [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 dasbor ini] dan daftar dalam Deskripsi [[phab:T350592|tugas T350592]] untuk memastikan apakah perkakas mereka telah terdaftar, dan harus mengklaim metrik dan dasbor yang terhubung dengan perkakasnya. Selanjutnya, mereka dapat menonaktifkan atau memindahkan semua metrik yang ada dengan mengikuti instruksi dalam halaman tugas itu. Layanan Graphite akan beralih menjadi hanya-baca pada bulan April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|Laporan kinerja pengurai New PreProcessor]] telah dibenahi untuk memberikan hitungan yang akurat terhadap jumlah entitas Wikibase yang diakses. Perhitungan sebelumnya mengalami pengaturan ulang setelah 400 entitas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Pertemuan komunitas Bahasa]] akan berlangsung pada 29 November pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16.00 UTC]. Terdapat presentasi mengenai berbagai topik seperti pengembangan papan ketik bahasa, pembuatan Wikipedia bahasa Mooré, dukungan bahasa di [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], dan laporan dari komunitas Wayuunaiki mengenai proses mereka dengan Inkubator dan sebagai komunitas baru dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Pertemuan ini juga akan disertai dengan penerjemahan dalam bahasa Spanyol. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Nopémber 2024 22.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Dua fungsi pengurai baru telah ditambahkan pada pekan ini. Fungsi <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> menambahkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|pranala antarwiki]] dan fungsi <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> menambahkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|pranala antarbahasa]]. Fungsi-fungsi pengurai ini berguna pada wiki yang memiliki ruang nama yang saling bertentangan dengan awalan antarwiki. Misalnya, pranala yang dimulai dengan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris [[phab:T363538|bertentangan dengan awalan kode bahasa <code>mos</code> di Wikipedia bahasa Mooré]]. * Mulai pekan ini, wiki Wikimedia mulai tidak lagi mendukung koneksi yang menggunakan sertifikat HTTPS berbasis RSA yang lama, terutama rsa-2048. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keamanan bagi semua pengguna. Beberapa peramban lama yang tidak didukung atau perangkat ponsel pintar tidak akan dapat tersambung; mereka hanya akan menampilkan peringatan kesalahan sambungan. Lihat halaman [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations]] untuk informasi lebih lengkap. Semua sistem operasi dan peramban modern senantiasa dapat mengakses proyek-proyek Wikimedia. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Mulai 16 November, halaman Flow/Structured Discussions akan diarsipkan secara otomatis dan diubah menjadi hanya-baca di wiki berikut ini: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. Tindakan ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|upaya penghentian penggunaan StructuredDiscussions]]. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan untuk mengarsipkan halaman Anda sebelum tanggal tersebut, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * Pada bulan ini, ekstensi Chart telah digunakan untuk produksi dan sekarang tersedia di Commons dan Testwiki. Dengan rampungnya tinjauan keamanan, penyebaran wiki percontohan diperkirakan akan dimulai pada pekan pertama bulan Desember. Anda dapat melihat versi yang berfungsi [[testwiki:Charts|di Testwiki]] dan membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|berita terbaru proyek bulan November]] untuk lebih lengkap. * Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, kendala pada sistem "Unduh sebagai PDF" telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada akhir Februari, akun sementara akan digulirkan pada sedikitnya 10 wiki besar. Penerapan ini akan berdampak signifikan pada kode yang dikelola komunitas. Hal ini berkaitan dengan perkakas Toolforge, bot, gawai, dan skrip pengguna yang menggunakan data alamat IP atau yang tersedia untuk pengguna yang keluar. Tim Trust and Safety Product ingin mengetahui kode ini, memantaunya, dan membantu memutakhirkannya sebelum penerapan untuk meminimalkan gangguan pada alur kerja. Tim tersebut meminta para editor teknis dan pengembang sukarelawan untuk membantu mencari perkakas tersebut dengan menambahkannya ke dalam [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|daftar ini]]. Selain itu, pelajari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|dokumentasi yang telah diperbarui]] untuk mempelajari cara menyesuaikan perkakas tersebut. Silakan bergabung dengan diskusi di [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|halaman pembicaraan proyek tersebut]] atau di [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|utas khusus]] di [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia (dalam bahasa Inggris)]] untuk mendapatkan bantuan dan berbagi umpan balik. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Désémber 2024 22.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para kontributor dokumentasi teknis dapat menemukan bahan-bahan terbaru dan cara-cara baru untuk terhubung satu sama lain dan dengan Tim Dokumentasi Teknis Wikimedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|pusat Dokumentasi]] di MediaWiki.org. Halaman ini berisi berbagai pranala ke materi-materi untuk menulis dan memperbaiki dokumentasi, saluran IRC <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> baru di libera.chat, senarai acara dokumentasi yang sudah lewat dan yang akan datang, dan cara-cara untuk meminta konsultasi atau tinjauan dokumentasi. Jika Anda memiliki masukan atau ide untuk perbaikan terhadap ekosistem dokumentasi, silakan [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|hubungi Tim Dokumentasi Teknis]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Perubahan tata letak fitur Edit Check]] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] akan ditempatkan ke bilah sisi di tampilan desktop. Edit Check merupakan fitur bagi para penyunting baru untuk membantu mereka dalam mengikuti kebijakan dan panduan. Perubahan tata letak ini memberikan ruang untuk menampilkan [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|Check baru]] yang muncul ''saat'' mereka mengetik. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|Hasil awal]] menunjukkan bahwa para penyunting baru yang menemukan Edit Check 2,2 kali lebih besar kemungkinannya untuk mempublikasikan suntingan konten baru yang menyertakan referensi dan tanpa mengalami pengembalian. * Ekstensi Chart, yang membantu para penyunting untuk membuat visualisasi data, telah sukses digunakan di MediaWiki.org dan tiga wiki percontohan (Wikipedia bahasa Italia, Swedia, dan Ibrani). Anda dapat melihat contoh kerjanya [[testwiki:Charts|di Testwiki]] dan membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|berita terbaru proyek ini pada bulan November]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Para penerjemah di wiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|yang memiliki pengalaman seluler Penerjemahan Konten]], kini dapat menemukan artikel-artikel di kampanye proyek wiki yang mereka minati dari kategori "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en Semua koleksi]" di fitur saran artikel. Pengelola Kampanye proyek wiki dapat menggunakan fitur ini untuk membantu penerjemah menemukan artikel yang mereka minati, dengan menambahkan tag <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> ke halaman daftar artikel kampanye mereka di Meta-wiki. Cara ini akan membuat artikel-artikel tersebut dapat ditemukan di perkakas Penerjemahan Konten. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai cara menggunakan alat dan tag ini, silakan melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|panduan langkah-langkahnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]], yang memungkinkan para pengurus untuk menghapus halaman secara massal, kini memiliki [[phab:T376379#10310998|penyaring multipilihan untuk memilih ruang nama]]. Hal ini memungkinkan para pengguna untuk memilih beberapa ruang nama tertentu, bukan hanya satu atau semua, ketika menarik beberapa halaman untuk dihapus. * Fitur Nuke sekarang juga [[phab:T364225#10371365|menyediakan pranala]] ke halaman pengguna dari pengguna yang halamannya telah dihapus, dan ke halaman yang tidak dipilih untuk dihapus, setelah penghapusan halaman berada dalam antrean. Hal ini mempermudah tindak lanjut dari pengurus. Terima kasih kepada Chlod dan tim Moderator Tools untuk kedua pengembangan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * Tim Editing sedang bekerja untuk mempermudah pengisian sitasi dari archive.org dengan menggunakan perkakas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]], yakni pembuat sitasi yang dapat diisi secara otomatis. Tim ini meminta komunitas untuk menambahkan dua parameter terlebih dahulu, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> dan <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, di dalam TemplateData untuk setiap templat kutipan yang menggunakan Citoid. Anda dapat melihat [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 contoh perubahan pada sebuah templat], dan [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= daftar semua templat yang terkait]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} dalam bahasa [[d:Q9240|Indonesia]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Pada pekan lalu, semua wiki mengalami masalah dalam menayangkan halaman kepada pengguna yang masuk log dan beberapa pengguna yang keluar log selama 30–45 menit. Hal ini disebabkan oleh persoalan basis data, dan investigasi masih terus dilakukan. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, terdapat masalah pada fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan Tautan]] yang telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, daftar bagian yang dikecualikan dari Tambah Tautan sempat terabaikan dalam kasus tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], sistem desain untuk Wikimedia, kini tersedia dalam [[git:design/codex-php|implementasi tahap awal dalam PHP]]. Sistem ini tersedia untuk penggunaan umum di ekstensi MediaWiki dan aplikasi Toolforge melalui [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], dan akan segera hadir di bagian inti MediaWiki. Keterangan lebih lanjut dapat dilihat [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|di dalam dokumentasinya]]. Terima kasih kepada Doğu atas inspirasi dan sumbangsihnya terhadap perpustakaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * Pengguna [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ API REST Wikimedia], seperti operator bot dan pengelola perkakas, mungkin terdampak oleh peningkatan yang sedang berlangsung. Pada 4 Desember, tim MediaWiki Interfaces mulai mengalihkan metadata halaman/revisi dan menyajikan titik akhir konten HTML di [[testwiki:|Testwiki]] dari RESTbase ke titik akhir API REST MediaWiki yang sepadan. Tim ini mendorong pengguna aktif dari titik akhir ini untuk memastikan perilaku perkakas mereka di Testwiki dan menyampaikan masalah apa pun di [[phab:T374683|tiket Phabricator]] terkait sebelum akhir tahun, karena mereka bermaksud untuk meluncurkan perubahan yang sama di semua proyek Wikimedia pada awal Januari. Semua perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk menggantikan sistem [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] yang sudah ketinggalan zaman. * [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 Survei Kepuasan Pengembang 2024] sedang mencari pandangan dari komunitas pengembang Wikimedia. Mohon ikut serta dalam survei ini jika Anda memiliki andil dalam mengembangkan perangkat lunak di ekosistem Wikimedia. Survei ini dibuka hingga 3 Januari 2025, dan terdapat [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|pernyataan privasi]] tambahan. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru pada pekan ini. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan mendatang dalam rangkaian [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|diskusi Wikimedia Foundation dengan komunitas Wikimedia Commons]] akan berlangsung pada [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|12 Desember pukul 8.00 UTC]] dan [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]. Topik dari pertemuan ini adalah tentang media baru dan kontributor baru. Para kontributor dari semua wiki diundang untuk hadir. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Désémber 2024 22.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Berminat untuk menyempurnakan manajemen acara di wiki utama Anda? [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] menyediakan fitur-fitur untuk penyelenggara seperti manajemen pendaftaran acara, promosi acara/proyek wiki, menemukan kandidat peserta, dan lain-lain, semuanya langsung di wiki. Jika Anda adalah seorang penyelenggara atau berpikir bahwa komunitas Anda akan mendapatkan manfaat dari ekstensi ini, buatlah sebuah diskusi untuk mengaktifkannya di wiki Anda sekarang. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang cara mengaktifkan ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, kunjungi [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|halaman status penerapannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS di Italia dan Meksiko di Wikipedia bahasa Italia, Spanyol, dan Inggris, dapat melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|Year in Review yang telah dipersonalisasi]] dengan pandangan yang didasarkan pada riwayat membaca dan menyunting mereka. * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia Android di Afrika Sub-Sahara dan Asia Selatan dapat melihat fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] yang baru. Fitur ini menyajikan istilah pencarian yang disarankan di bilah Pencarian berdasarkan artikel yang sedang dilihat, dan daftar rekomendasi bacaan yang disusun berdasarkan dua artikel yang terakhir dikunjungi oleh pengguna. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Bot pengingat global]] kini aktif dan berjalan di hampir 800 wiki. Fitur ini akan mengingatkan sebagian besar pengguna yang memiliki hak sementara ketika hak tersebut akan habis masa berlakunya, sehingga mereka dapat memperpanjangnya jika diinginkan. Lihat [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|halaman penjelasan teknis]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Edisi Berita Teknis berikutnya akan dirilis pada 13 Januari 2025 karena libur akhir tahun. Terima kasih kepada semua penerjemah dan semua orang yang telah mengirimkan materi atau umpan balik pada tahun ini. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah telah [[phab:T374988|diperbaiki]] di aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang telah menyebabkan gambar SVG yang dapat diterjemahkan menampilkan bahasa yang salah ketika diketuk. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru pada pekan depan. Peluncuran berikutnya akan dimulai pada 14 Januari. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Désémber 2024 22.23 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Sistem Single User Login tengah diperbarui dalam beberapa bulan ke depan. Ini merupakan sistem yang membuat pengguna dapat mengisi kolom masuk log di satu situs Wikimedia dan masuk ke semua situs lainnya pada waktu yang sama. Sistem ini perlu dimutakhirkan karena peramban web semakin membatasi kuki lintas domain. Untuk mengakomodasi pembatasan ini, halaman masuk log dan pembuatan akun akan pindah ke domain pusat, tetapi akan tetap terlihat oleh pengguna seolah-olah mereka berada di wiki asal. Kode yang telah diperbarui akan diterapkan pada pekan ini bagi para pengguna di wiki uji coba. Perubahan ini rencananya akan diluncurkan ke semua pengguna sepanjang bulan Februari dan Maret. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|halaman proyek SUL3]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan linimasanya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di wiki dengan PageAssessments yang sudah terpasang, Anda sekarang dapat menyaring hasil pencarian berdasarkan halaman-halaman di sebuah WikiProject dengan menggunakan kata kunci <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code>. (Wiki-wiki yang dimaksud: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/id}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * Satu wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q34129|bahasa Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:35}} {{PLURAL:35|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, ada kendala dalam memperbarui jumlah suntingan pengguna setelah melakukan pengembalian suntingan, yang kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna API REST Wikimedia, seperti operator bot dan pengelola perkakas, mungkin akan terpengaruh oleh pemutakhiran yang sedang berlangsung. Mulai pekan 13 Januari, kami akan mulai mengalihkan [[phab:T374683|beberapa titik akhir konten halaman]] dari RESTbase ke titik akhir API REST MediaWiki yang lebih baru untuk seluruh proyek wiki. Perubahan ini tadinya tersedia di testwiki dan seharusnya tidak memengaruhi fungsionalitas yang ada, tetapi pengguna aktif dari titik akhir yang terkena dampak dapat menyampaikan masalah secara langsung kepada [[phab:project/view/6931/|Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki]] di Phabricator jika ada kendala. * Para pengelola perkakas Toolforge kini dapat membagikan umpan balik mereka tentang Toolforge UI, yaitu sebuah inisiatif untuk menyediakan platform web yang memungkinkan pembuatan dan pengelolaan perkakas Toolforge melalui antarmuka berbasis visual, sebagai tambahan dari alur kerja baris perintah yang sudah ada. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk menyederhanakan tugas-tugas pengelola aktif, dan juga membuat proses registrasi dan penyebaran menjadi lebih mudah diakses oleh para pembuat alat baru. Inisiatif ini masih dalam tahap yang sangat awal, dan tim Cloud Services sedang dalam proses mengumpulkan umpan balik dari komunitas Toolforge untuk membantu merancang solusi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Baca lebih lanjut dan bagikan pendapat Anda tentang Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Bagi pengembang perkakas dan pustaka yang menggunakan sistem OAuth: Titik akhir pengenal yang digunakan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] menghasilkan sebuah objek JSON dengan sebuah bilangan bulat pada <code>sub</code> bidangnya, yang mana hal ini tidak seharusnya (bidang tersebut haruslah sebuah string). Masalah ini telah diperbaiki. Perbaikan ini akan diterapkan pada wiki Wikimedia pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Sebagian besar wiki sekarang ini menggunakan [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] untuk membuat penanda catatan kaki khusus dalam keluaran Parsoid. Mulai 20 Januari, aturan-aturan ini akan dinonaktifkan, tetapi para pengembang meminta Anda untuk ''tidak'' membersihkan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> Anda sampai 20 Februari untuk menghindari masalah selama migrasi. Wiki Anda mungkin mengalami beberapa perubahan kecil pada penanda catatan kaki di Visual Editor dan ketika menggunakan mode baca Parsoid percobaan, tetapi jika ada perubahan, hal ini diharapkan dapat membuat keluaran parser sesuai dengan keluaran parser lama. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan mendatang dalam rangkaian [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community Conversations Wikimedia Foundation dengan komunitas Wikimedia Commons]] akan berlangsung pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|15 Januari pukul 8.00 UTC]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]. Tema pembicaraan kali ini adalah menentukan prioritas investasi perkakas di Commons. Kontributor dari semua wiki, terutama pengguna yang merawat perkakas di Commons, diundang untuk hadir. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Januari 2025 01.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus dapat menghapus beberapa halaman yang dibuat oleh pengguna atau alamat IP secara massal dengan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. Fitur ini sebelumnya hanya dapat menghapus halaman yang dibuat dalam 30 hari terakhir. Sekarang, fitur ini dapat menghapus halaman dari 90 hari terakhir, dengan batasan bahwa fitur ini ditujukan untuk pengguna atau alamat IP tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * Di [[phab:P72148|wiki yang menggunakan]] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]], saat fitur pengembalian suntingan digunakan untuk mengembalikan revisi halaman yang tidak dipatroli, revisi tersebut akan ditandai sebagai "dipatroli secara manual" dan bukan "dipatroli secara otomatis", sehingga membuatnya lebih akurat. Beberapa penyunting yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|penyaring]] di Perubahan Terbaru mungkin perlu memutakhirkan pengaturan penyaring mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, fitur "Sisipkan pranala" dari Visual Editor tidak selalu menyodorkan halaman yang sudah ada dengan benar ketika pengguna mulai mengetik, tetapi sekarang hal tersebut [[phab:T383497|sudah diperbaiki]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Ekstensi Structured Discussion (dikenal juga dengan nama Flow) sedang dalam proses penghapusan dari wiki. Ekstensi ini tidak terawat dan kerap menimbulkan masalah. Ekstensi ini akan digantikan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], yang dipakai pada halaman pembicaraan biasa. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|Kelompok wiki terakhir]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/id}}) akan segera dihubungi. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan mengenai proses ini, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] di wiki Anda. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Nawala Technical Community]] triwulan terbaru telah tersedia. Edisi ini mencakup: berita terbaru mengenai layanan dari tim Data Platform Engineering, informasi mengenai Codex dari tim Design System, dan lain-lain. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Januari 2025 01.36 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para pematroli dan pengurus - informasi atau konteks apa yang dapat membantu Anda membuat keputusan para pematroli dan pengurus dengan lebih cepat dan mudah? Wikimedia Foundation ingin mendengar pendapat Anda untuk membantu memandu rencana tahunan yang akan datang. Harap pertimbangkan untuk membagikan pemikiran Anda mengenai hal ini dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 pertanyaan lain]] untuk membentuk arahan teknis pada tahun depan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna Wikipedia App iOS di seluruh dunia kini dapat mengakses fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|Year in Review yang dapat dipersonalisasi]], untuk memberikan wawasan berdasarkan riwayat membaca dan menyunting di Wikipedia. Proyek ini merupakan bagian dari upaya menyeluruh untuk membantu menyambut pembaca baru saat mereka menemukan dan berinteraksi dengan konten ensiklopedis. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Pematroli suntingan sekarang memiliki fitur baru yang dapat menyoroti halaman-halaman baru yang berpotensi bermasalah. Ketika sebuah halaman dibuat dengan judul yang sama dengan halaman yang sebelumnya telah dihapus, kini sebuah tag ('Recreated') akan ditambahkan dan dapat disaring oleh pengguna dengan nilai [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] dan [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ada pemberitahuan baru untuk para penyunting jika mereka mencoba membuat pengalihan yang menautkan ke pengalihan lain ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|pengalihan ganda]]). Fitur ini akan menganjurkan agar mereka menautkan langsung ke halaman target pengalihan kedua. Terima kasih kepada pengguna SomeRandomDeveloper untuk perbaikan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Situs wiki Wikimedia mendukung pemeriksaan faktor kedua berbasis [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]] (seperti token perangkat keras) saat masuk log, tetapi fitur ini [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|rentan]] dan hanya memiliki sedikit pengguna. Tim Platform MediaWiki untuk sementara waktu mematikan penambahan kunci WebAuthn baru, agar tidak mengganggu peluncuran [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (Single User Login versi 3). Kunci yang sudah ada tidak akan terpengaruh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Bagi para pengembang yang menggunakan [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|timbunan Riwayat MediaWiki]]: Tim Data Platform Engineering telah menambahkan beberapa bidang baru ke dalam berkas-berkas ini, untuk mendukung inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]]. Jika Anda mengelola perangkat lunak yang menggunakan berkas-berkas tersebut, harap tinjau kembali kode Anda dan panduan yang telah diperbarui karena urutan kolom-kolom di baris tersebut akan berubah. Perubahan juga akan terjadi pada satu bidang: pada bidang <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi>, bidang <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> akan diubah namanya menjadi <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. Perubahan ini akan diberlakukan pada rilis berikutnya pada bulan Februari. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Januari 2025 22.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan menu bilah alat penyuntingan "Karakter spesial" sekarang dapat melihat 32 karakter spesial yang paling sering digunakan di seluruh sesi penyuntingan di wiki tersebut. Peningkatan ini akan membantu mempermudah menemukan karakter yang paling sering dipakai. Fitur ini tersedia di penyunting teks wiki 2010 dan VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Para penyunting yang menggunakan penyunting teks wiki 2010 sekarang dapat membuat turunan daftar dengan indentasi yang benar dengan memilih baris yang ingin diindentasi dan kemudian mengklik tombol-tombol bilah alat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] Anda bahkan dapat menyisipkan tag <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> dengan menggunakan tombol bilah alat yang baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Terima kasih kepada stjn untuk perbaikan ini. * Diperlukan asistensi untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|pembangkit kutipan]] bekerja dengan baik di setiap wiki. ** (1) Para pengurus perlu memperbarui versi lokal dari halaman <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> untuk menyertakan entri-entri untuk <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>. Berikut adalah contoh perubahan yang perlu ditiru [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 untuk 'preprint'] dan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 untuk 'standard' dan 'dataset']. ** (2.1) Jika peta Citoid dalam templat rujukan yang digunakan untuk jenis rujukan ini tidak ada, peta Citoid perlu ditambahkan. (2.2) Jika peta Citoid sudah ada, TemplateData perlu diperbarui untuk menyertakan nama bidang yang baru. Berikut adalah contoh perubahan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 untuk 'preprint'] dan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 untuk 'standard' dan 'dataset']. Bidang-bidang baru yang mungkin perlu didukung adalah <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q15637215|bahasa Kanuri Tengah]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|perkakas OCR (pengenalan karakter optik)]] yang digunakan di Wikisource kini mendukung bahasa baru, yaitu bahasa Slavia Gereja. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Pébruari 2025 00.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi (PTAC) telah mengeluarkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draf rekomendasi]] bagi departemen Produk dan Teknologi Wikimedia Foundation. Mereka memberikan rekomendasi agar berfokus pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|pengalaman perangkat bergerak]], khususnya kontribusi. Mereka meminta [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|umpan balik dari komunitas di halaman pembicaraan]] paling lambat pada 21 Februari. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Secara baku, pranala portlet "Halaman spesial" akan dipindahkan dari "Kotak Perkakas" ke bagian "Navigasi" di bilah sisi menu utama. Perubahan ini dilakukan agar Kotak Alat dapat menampilkan perkakas yang berkaitan dengan halaman yang sedang dibuka, bukan perkakas yang berkaitan dengan situs, sehingga posisi pranalanya akan lebih logis dan konsisten. Untuk memodifikasi perilaku ini dan memperbarui gaya CSS, para pengurus dapat mengikuti petunjuknya di [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan tahun ini dalam meningkatkan cara pembaca menemukan konten di wiki, tim Web akan melaksanakan eksperimen terhadap sejumlah kecil pembaca untuk menampilkan beberapa saran untuk artikel yang berkaitan atau menarik di bilah pencarian. Lihatlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|halaman proyek ini]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para penyunting templat yang menggunakan TemplateStyles sekarang dapat mengatur hasil untuk pengguna dengan kebutuhan aksesibilitas tertentu dengan menggunakan kueri media yang berhubungan dengan aksesibilitas (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Terima kasih kepada Bawolff untuk pengembangan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:22}} {{PLURAL:22|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, log pemblokiran global sekarang akan ditampilkan secara langsung di halaman {{#special:CentralAuth}}, seperti halnya penguncian global, untuk menyederhanakan alur kerja bagi penatalayan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Wikidata kini [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|mendukung sebuah bahasa khusus sebagai "standar untuk semua bahasa"]] untuk label dan nama lain. Hal ini untuk menghindari duplikasi yang berulang-ulang dari informasi yang sama di berbagai bahasa. Jika kueri Wikidata Anda menggunakan label, Anda mungkin perlu memutakhirkannya karena sebagian label yang ada akan dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * Fungsi <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> akan dipanggil di setiap halaman Wiki yang dibaca dan menyumbang ~2,5% dari total waktu pemuatan halaman. Nilai yang dihitung sekarang akan disimpan dalam tembolok untuk mengurangi beban pada peladen Wikimedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|upaya]] penghentian penggunaan RESTBase, titik akhir <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> telah dihentikan sejak 6 Februari 2025, dan akan segera dihapus. Lini masa ini dipilih untuk menyelaraskan dengan jadwal penghentian penggunaan untuk versi Android dan iOS yang lebih lama. Alternatif yang stabil adalah API tindakan "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" di MediaWiki, dan [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|contoh migrasi]] telah tersedia. Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki [[phab:T376297|dapat dihubungi]] jika ada pertanyaan. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Nawala Language and Internationalization newsletter]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Hal ini mencakup: Pembaruan tentang menu "Berkontribusi"; keterangan mengenai beberapa edisi bahasa terbaru dari Wikipedia; keterangan mengenai bahasa-bahasa baru yang didukung oleh antarmuka MediaWiki; pembaruan mengenai fitur daftar yang ditentukan oleh komunitas; dan lain-lain. * [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Nawala Chart Project]] terbaru telah terbit. Pembaruan ini berisi pembaruan mengenai perkembangan menuju visibilitas yang lebih baik dalam penggunaan grafik secara global dan dukungan untuk mengelompokkan halaman dalam ruang nama Data di Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Pébruari 2025 00.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas yang menggunakan perkakas Growth kini dapat menampilkan satu aktivitas di <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> bagi pengguna baru. Fitur ini akan membantu para pengguna baru untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai aktivitas penyuntingan yang dapat mereka ikuti. Para pengurus dapat membuat sebuah acara baru untuk ditayangkan di <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. Untuk memahami lebih lanjut mengenai fitur ini, silakan baca [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|artikel Diff]], lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|dokumentasinya]], atau hubungi [[mw:Talk:Growth|tim Growth]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Penyempurnaan halaman pembicaraan yang disorot]] * Mulai pekan depan, halaman pembicaraan di wiki ini – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/id}} – akan menggunakan [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|desain baru]]. Pembaruan ini telah melalui uji coba secara menyeluruh dalam versi Beta dan merupakan tahap terakhir dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|perbaikan halaman pembicaraan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * Kini Anda dapat melakukan navigasi untuk melihat halaman pengalihan langsung dari halaman tindakannya, misalnya halaman riwayat. Sebelumnya, Anda harus terlebih dahulu pergi ke halaman target pengalihan. Perubahan ini akan membantu para penyunting yang banyak bekerja dengan pengalihan. Terima kasih kepada stjn untuk perbaikan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * Saat ini, ketika sebuah referensi melalui fitur Cite digunakan berkali-kali, wiki menampilkan angka seperti "1.23" atau penanda abjad yang dilokalkan seperti "a b c" di dalam daftar referensi. Sebelumnya, jika terdapat banyak penggunaan ulang sehingga semua penanda alfabet digunakan, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|sebuah pesan galat]] akan ditampilkan. Sebagai bagian dari upaya [[phab:T383036|modernisasi dalam penyesuaian Cite]], pesan kesalahan ini tidak akan ditampilkan lagi dan sebagai gantinya, pranala balik akan kembali menampilkan penanda angka seperti "1.23" setelah semua penanda abjad digunakan. * Entri log bagi setiap perubahan pada grup pengguna penyunting sekarang lebih jelas terlihat dengan memerinci secara tepat apa yang telah berubah, bukan hanya sekadar daftar sebelum dan sesudah. Para penerjemah dapat [[phab:T369466|membantu memutakhirkan versi yang dilokalkan]]. Terima kasih kepada Msz2001 untuk perbaikan ini. * Sebuah penyaring baru telah ditambahkan ke perkakas [[{{#special:Nuke}}]], yang memungkinkan para pengurus untuk menghapus halaman secara massal, sehingga pengguna dapat menyaring halaman dalam berbagai ukuran halaman (dalam bita). Hal ini memungkinkan, misalnya, menghapus halaman dengan ukuran tertentu atau di bawahnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Para pengguna yang bukan pengurus kini dapat memeriksa halaman mana saja yang dapat dihapus dengan menggunakan perkakas [[{{#special:Nuke}}]]. Terima kasih kepada MolecularPilot untuk pengembangan ini dan perbaikan-perbaikan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu pada konfigurasi format berkas video AV1 sudah diperbaiki, sehingga memungkinkan berkas-berkas ini dapat diputar kembali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Parsoid Read Views akan segera diluncurkan ke sebagian besar Wiktionary dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, setelah transisi Wikivoyage ke Parsoid Read Views yang berjalan dengan sukses tahun lalu. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Pengembang perkakas yang berjalan di wiki harus memperhatikan bahwa <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> sudah tidak berlaku lagi. Perkakas yang membutuhkan <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> harus secara eksplisit mendeklarasikan <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> sebagai dependensi ResourceLoader, dan harus bermigrasi ke API <code dir=ltr>URL</code> asli peramban dalam waktu dekat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Pébruari 2025 21.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus kini dapat menyesuaikan sendiri cara [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|fitur Babel]] membuat kategori dengan menggunakan [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. Mereka dapat mengubah nama kategori bahasa, memilih apakah kategori tersebut akan dibuat secara otomatis, dan menyesuaikan pengaturan lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * Portal <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> telah dimutakhirkan—dan mendapat beberapa perbaikan yang sedang berjalan—guna memodernisasi dan meningkatkan aksesibilitas halaman-halaman portal kami. Saat ini, portal telah mendukung tata letak yang lebih baik bagi perangkat seluler, kata-kata dan pranala yang telah diperbaharui, dan dukungan bahasa yang lebih baik. Selain itu, semua portal proyek Wikimedia, seperti <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, kini telah mendukung mode gelap ketika pembaca menggunakan pengaturan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q33965|bahasa Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang membuat pengguna tidak dapat mengeklik hasil pencarian di antarmuka web telah diperbaiki pada beberapa konfigurasi Firefox di ponsel Android. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa selanjutnya akan diselenggarakan pada 28 Februari pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14.00 UTC]. Pertemuan kali ini akan membahas: hal-hal penting dan perkembangan teknis mengenai papan ketik dan alat bantu untuk bahasa-bahasa Sámi, kontribusi Translatewiki.net dari komunitas bahasa Lampung di Indonesia, dan tanya-jawab teknis. Jika Anda ingin bergabung, silakan [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|mendaftar di halaman wiki]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Pébruari 2025 00.40 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Semua penyunting yang masuk menggunakan tampilan seluler kini sudah dapat menyunting satu halaman penuh. Pranala "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" dapat diakses dari menu "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" di bilah alat. Sebelumnya, fitur ini hanya tersedia bagi penyunting yang menggunakan pengaturan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|kontribusi seluler tingkat lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Para pengurus antarmuka kini dapat membantu menghapus kode CSS Cite yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi yang mencocokkan "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" dengan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> lokal mereka. Daftar wiki yang memerlukan pembenahan dan kode yang harus dihapus [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css dapat dilihat pada pencarian global] dan [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 contoh ini]. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang cara membantunya di [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|halaman proyek migrasi CSS]]. Penanda catatan kaki Cite ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") sekarang ditampilkan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] sehingga CSS yang sudah tidak digunakan tidak lagi diperlukan. CSS pranala balik ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") akan tetap digunakan untuk saat ini. Pembenahan ini diharapkan tidak akan menyebabkan banyak perubahan yang terlihat oleh pembaca. Bantulah untuk menghapus kode ini sebelum tanggal 20 Maret, jika tidak, tim pengembang akan melakukannya untuk Anda. * Ketika para penyunting menyematkan berkas (contohnya <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) pada halaman yang dilindungi oleh perlindungan beruntun, perangkat lunak tidak lagi membatasi pengeditan pada halaman deskripsi berkas; hanya unggahan berkas baru yang akan dibatasi.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] Kendati demikian, menyisipkan halaman deskripsi berkas (contohnya <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) kini akan menerapkan pembatasan penyuntingan pada halaman tersebut.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * Ketika para penyunting mengembalikan berkas ke versi sebelumnya, pengunggahan tersebut akan memerlukan izin yang sama seperti ketika mengunggah berkas versi baru. Sekarang, perangkat lunak akan memeriksa hak 'reupload' atau 'reupload-own',[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] dan mengikuti perlindungan beruntun.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * Ketika para pengurus menyusun daftar halaman yang akan dihapus dengan fitur Nuke, mereka juga dapat menyusun daftar halaman pembicaraan dan pengalihan terkait untuk dihapus, bersamaan dengan halaman yang dibuat oleh sang target, tanpa harus menghapus halaman-halaman tersebut secara manual. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Pembaruan sebelumnya]] terhadap Single User Login, yang akan mengantisipasi pembatasan peramban terhadap kuki lintas domain dengan memindahkan proses masuk log dan pembuatan akun ke domain pusat, kini akan diluncurkan ke semua pengguna selama bulan Maret dan April. Rencananya, tim ini akan mengaktifkannya kepada semua pembuatan akun baru di wiki [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] pada pekan ini. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|halaman proyek SUL3]] untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut dan linimasa yang telah disesuaikan. * Sejak pekan lalu, terdapat sebuah kekutu yang menampilkan beberapa ikon antarmuka sebagai kotak hitam hingga halaman dimuat sepenuhnya. Masalah ini akan diperbaiki dalam pekan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q2044560|bahasa Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu dalam memuat gambar di peramban Firefox versi lama di ponsel telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Maret 2025 02.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan pengelola kata sandi di beberapa wiki mungkin akan mendapati perubahan di masa mendatang. Metode yang digunakan oleh wiki untuk memberikan informasi kepada pengelola kata sandi tentang penggunaan ulang kata sandi di seluruh domain baru-baru ini telah diubah, sehingga beberapa pengelola kata sandi mungkin menawarkan Anda kredensial masuk yang Anda simpan untuk situs Wikimedia yang berbeda. Sebagian pengelola kata sandi telah lebih dulu melakukan hal ini, dan sekarang sedang melakukannya untuk lebih banyak domain Wikimedia. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|proyek SUL3]] yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki cara kerja penyatuan masuk log agar tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan yang sedang berlangsung pada peramban web yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * Tim Wikipedia Apps mengundang para peminat untuk membantu meningkatkan penggunaan Wikipedia secara luring dalam penggunaan internet yang terbatas. Setelah adanya diskusi di [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|pertemuan ESEAP]] terakhir, tantangan-tantangan utama seperti pencarian, penyuntingan, dan akses luring sedang dijajaki, dengan kelompok-kelompok diskusi yang akan dibentuk untuk membahas topik-topik ini lebih dalam. Kami menerima semua bahasa, dan penerjemah akan tersedia. Mau berbagi pendapat Anda? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Bergabunglah dalam diskusinya]] atau kirim surel ke <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>. * Semua wiki akan berstatus hanya-baca selama beberapa menit pada 19 Maret. Hal ini akan dilakukan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 pukul 14.00 UTC]. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diumumkan di Berita Teknis dan juga akan dikirim ke setiap wiki dalam beberapa pekan mendatang. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya termasuk: peluncuran modul Community Updates, perombakan terbaru di Community Configuration, dan pengujian usulan di dalam artikel untuk penyunting pemula. * Sebuah API lama yang pernah digunakan di aplikasi Wikipedia Android akan dihapus pada akhir bulan Maret. API lama tersebut tidak akan digunakan lagi, tetapi pengguna aplikasi dengan versi yang lebih dari 6 (enam) bulan pada saat penghapusan (31 Maret 2025) tidak akan lagi memiliki akses ke fitur Saran Suntingan, hingga mereka memperbarui aplikasinya. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|membaca informasi lebih lanjut tentang perubahan ini]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Maret 2025 23.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setiap dua kali setahun, bertepatan dengan ekuinoks, tim Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) Wikimedia Foundation melakukan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|pengalihan pusat data]]. Dalam proses ini, seluruh lalu lintas dialihkan dari peladen utama ke peladen cadangan untuk memastikan keandalan sistem jika terjadi krisis, sehingga selalu ada pusat data yang dapat digunakan. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Dengan perkakas Listen to Wikipedia], Anda dapat mendengar proses pengalihan ini secara langsung. Sebelum dimulai, aliran suntingan terdengar stabil. Saat sistem memasuki mode hanya-baca sejenak, suara akan berhenti selama beberapa menit, kemudian kembali setelah pemindahan selesai. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang proses ini, Anda dapat membaca [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|blog Diff]]. Jika ingin mengikuti pengalihan peladen berikutnya, dengarkan wiki pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 19 Maret pukul 14.00 UTC]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Dasbor perkakas Penerjemahan Konten] yang telah disempurnakan kini tersedia di [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedia]] dan akan [[phab:T387821|segera hadir]] di semua Wikipedia. Dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|dasbor terintegrasi]], pengguna desktop sekarang dapat: mengalihbahasakan bagian baru dari sebuah artikel; menemukan dan mengakses [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits penyaring saran artikel berbasis topik] (awalnya hanya tersedia untuk pengguna perangkat seluler); menemukan dan mengakses penyaring [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|daftar yang ditentukan oleh komunitas]], yang juga dikenal sebagai "Koleksi", dari proyek-proyek dan kampanye wiki. * Wikimedia Commons kini memiliki [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|sistem baru untuk memilih kategori berkas dengan lebih mudah]]. Jika suatu kategori memiliki subkategori, pengguna dapat mengeklik tanda panah untuk membukanya langsung dalam formulir dan memilih subkategori yang sesuai. Nama kategori utama tetap ditampilkan di bagian atas, memungkinkan pengguna untuk kembali kapan saja. Hal ini seharusnya mengurangi jumlah pekerjaan bagi para sukarelawan dalam memperbaiki/membuat kategori baru. Perubahan ini juga tersedia di perangkat seluler. Peningkatan ini adalah bagian dari pengembangan terencana untuk UploadWizard. * Tim Teknologi Komunitas sedang mencari wiki yang bersedia berpartisipasi dalam uji coba fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblock]] dan pembaruan halaman Special:Block yang dirilis pada akhir Maret. Fitur Multiblock memungkinkan pengurus menerapkan beberapa jenis pemblokiran pada satu pengguna secara bersamaan. Jika Anda adalah pengurus atau penatalayan dan tertarik untuk ikut serta dalam uji coba bersama komunitas Anda, silakan tinggalkan pesan di [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Mulai 25 Maret, tim Editing akan menguji fitur baru Pemeriksaan Suntingan: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]], di [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedia]]. Dalam uji coba ini, setengah dari pengguna baru di wiki-wiki tersebut akan melihat semua [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] yang relevan selama sesi penyuntingan mereka, sementara yang lain hanya akan melihat satu. Tujuan pengujian ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah pengguna merasa bingung atau kewalahan ketika diberikan beberapa Pemeriksaan Referensi dalam satu sesi. Selain itu, di wiki ini, tag yang digunakan pada suntingan yang menampilkan Pemeriksaan Referensi akan disederhanakan, memungkinkan beberapa tag muncul dalam satu suntingan. Perubahan pada tag ini akan didokumentasikan [[phab:T373949|di Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Bot pengingat global]], yang berfungsi memberi tahu pengguna tentang berakhirnya hak pengguna sementara mereka, kini mendukung penggunaan nama lokal kelompok hak pengguna dalam judul pesan. Penerjemah dapat meninjau [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|daftar terjemahan dan dokumentasi yang tersedia]] untuk memastikan apakah bahasa mereka perlu diperbarui atau ditambahkan. * Pengaturan gender di [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]], yang menentukan bagaimana perangkat lunak merujuk kepada Anda dalam pesan antarmuka, kini berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya dengan menggantikan pengaturan standar lokal. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:26}} {{PLURAL:26|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android telah memperbaiki kekutu yang terjadi saat pengguna menjelajah dan mencari dalam beberapa bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Akhir pekan ini, metode pemuatan tampilan Codex akan mengalami perubahan. Meskipun risikonya kecil, perubahan ini dapat menyebabkan kotak pesan antarmuka tidak selaras dengan gaya di beberapa halaman. Konten buatan pengguna, seperti templat, tidak akan terpengaruh, tetapi gawai mungkin terdampak. Jika Anda menemukan masalah, [[phab:T388847|harap laporkan]]. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk tangkapan layar dan panduan perbaikan gawai yang terpengaruh, silakan lihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Maret 2025 23.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang Anda untuk memberikan umpan balik mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|draf tujuan dan hasil utama yang akan menjadi prioritas Produk dan Teknologi]] pada tahun fiskal mendatang, yang dimulai pada bulan Juli. Tujuan tersebut mencakup area strategis yang luas, sementara hasil utama berfungsi sebagai indikator terukur untuk menilai keberhasilannya. Silakan bagikan masukan Anda di halaman pembicaraan dalam bahasa apa pun, sebaiknya sebelum akhir April. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] akan dirilis ke beberapa wiki (lihat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|rencana penerapan]] untuk keterangan lebih lanjut) pada April 2025, dan tim telah memulai proses melibatkan komunitas di wiki yang telah diidentifikasi. Ekstensi ini menyediakan alat untuk mengorganisasi, mengelola, dan mempromosikan aktivitas kolaboratif (seperti acara, edit-a-thon, dan proyek wiki) di wiki. Ekstensi ini memiliki perkakas untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] (Event Registration), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]] (Collaboration List), dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]] (Invitation Lists). Saat ini, ekstensi ini sudah tersedia di 13 Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, Wikipedia bahasa Spanyol, serta di Wikidata. Pertanyaan atau permintaan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|halaman diskusi ekstensi]] atau di Phabricator (dengan tag <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi>). * Mulai pekan 31 Maret, wiki-wiki akan dapat menetapkan kelompok pengguna mana yang dapat melihat pendaftar privat dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] sebagai bagian dari ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]]. Secara bawaan, penyelenggara acara dan pengurus wiki lokal akan dapat melihat pendaftar privat. Hal ini merupakan perubahan dari perilaku saat ini, di mana hanya penyelenggara acara yang dapat melihat pendaftar privat. Wiki dapat mengubah pengaturan bawaan ini dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|mengajukan permintaan perubahan konfigurasi]] di Phabricator (dengan menambahkan tag <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi>). Peserta acara sebelumnya dapat membatalkan pendaftaran mereka kapan saja. * Para pengurus di wiki dengan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> yang disesuaikan perlu memastikan bahwa bilah sisi mereka mencantumkan {{int:specialpages}} listing. Jika belum, mereka harus menambahkannya menggunakan <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Sementara itu, untuk wiki dengan bilah sisi bawaan, pranala tersebut akan dipindahkan dari kotak perkakas halaman (''page toolbox'') ke menu bilah sisi pada bulan April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * Kulit Minerva (web seluler) kini menggabungkan notifikasi Notifikasi dan Pemberitahuan dalam ikon lonceng ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). Sebelumnya, terdapat kekutu lama, di mana indikator notifikasi baru hanya muncul jika ada Pemberitahuan yang belum dilihat. Masalah ini sekarang telah diperbaiki. Ke depannya, pengguna Minerva akan melihat penghitung di atas ikon lonceng saat terdapat Notifikasi dan/atau Pemberitahuan yang belum dilihat (minimal 1). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * VisualEditor telah memperkenalkan [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|pengait sisi klien baru]] untuk membantu pengembang dalam mengintegrasikan dengan siklus hidup target VisualEditor. Pengait ini akan menggantikan pengait siklus hidup yang sudah ada dengan pendekatan yang lebih konsisten di berbagai platform. Selain itu, pengait baru ini juga mencakup penggunaan VisualEditor di luar pengeditan artikel penuh, memungkinkan gawai berinteraksi dengan para penyunting di DiscussionTools. Tim Editor berencana menghentikan penggunaan dan akhirnya menghapus pengait siklus hidup lama. Oleh karena itu, mereka tertarik untuk mengetahui setiap kasus penggunaan yang belum tercakup dalam pengait baru ini, yang dapat [[phab:T355555|dibagikan dalam tugas terkait]]. * Para pengembang yang menggunakan perpustakaan JavaScript <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> kini dapat mengidentifikasi perkakas yang memanfaatkannya melalui parameter <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code>: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. Jika Anda mengelola sebuah gawai atau skrip pengguna, harap tetapkan agen pengguna karena ini membantu dalam pemeliharaan perpustakaan dan peladen, serta membedakan lalu lintas yang sah dan tidak sah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Maret 2025 22.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Editing sedang mengerjakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]] baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. Tujuan dari pemeriksaan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi istilah-istilah yang tidak netral ketika seorang pengguna menyunting halaman Wikipedia, sehingga mereka dapat diberitahu bahwa suntingan mereka mungkin perlu diperbaiki sebelum dipublikasikan. Proyek ini masih dalam tahap awal, dan tim sedang mencari masukan dari komunitas. Dalam [[phab:T389445|tugas Phabricator ini]], mereka mengumpulkan kebijakan wiki, templat yang digunakan untuk menandai artikel yang tidak netral, serta istilah-istilah (jargon dan kata kunci) yang ditemukan dalam ringkasan suntingan untuk bahasa-bahasa yang sedang mereka teliti. Anda dapat berpartisipasi dengan menyunting tabel di Phabricator, mengomentari tugas tersebut, atau menghubungi [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] secara langsung. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] kini telah diperbarui di semua wiki untuk mengalihkan proses masuk dan pembuatan akun ke domain pusat. Pembaruan ini memastikan kompatibilitas login pengguna dengan pembatasan peramban terhadap kuki lintas domain, yang sebelumnya menyebabkan beberapa pengguna mengalami kesulitan tetap masuk. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:35}} {{PLURAL:35|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 31 Maret, Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan merilis secara terbatas spesifikasi OpenAPI yang telah dikembangkan serta pengalaman sandbox berbasis SwaggerUI untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|API REST MediaWiki]]. Mereka mengundang pengembang dari komunitas Wikipedia non-Inggris tertentu (Arab, Jerman, Prancis, Ibrani, Interlingua, Belanda, dan Tionghoa) untuk meninjau dokumentasi dan mencoba bak pasir dalam bahasa pilihan mereka. Selain proyek Wikipedia yang ditargetkan, bak pasir dan spesifikasi OpenAPI juga akan tersedia di [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|halaman khusus REST Sandbox pada wiki uji coba]] bagi pengembang yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa utama. Selama periode pratinjau ini, Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki mengundang para pengembang untuk [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|memberikan umpan balik mengenai pengalaman mereka]]. Pratinjau akan berlangsung sekitar dua pekan. Lalu, bak pasir dan spesifikasi OpenAPI akan tersedia di semua proyek wiki. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Terkadang, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|perubahan kecil pada satu baris kode]] dapat membawa dampak yang sangat besar. Dalam kasus ini, untuk pertama kalinya dalam beberapa tahun, seluruh tumpukan yang melayani <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi>—sebuah inang yang didedikasikan untuk wiki dan kebutuhan peta multibahasa—dapat dijalankan dari satu pusat data inti untuk pertama kalinya dalam beberapa tahun. Skenario ini diuji setiap kali terjadi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|peralihan pusat data]]. Perubahan ini sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa jika salah satu pusat data terdampak bencana, situs tetap dapat beroperasi. Pencapaian ini merupakan [[phab:T216826|hasil kerja keras]] dua pengembang dalam memigrasikan komponen terakhir dari tumpukan peta ke [[w:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]], yang memungkinkan alokasi sumber daya yang lebih efisien dan meningkatkan kapasitas penanganan lalu lintas dalam satu pusat data. Proses migrasi ini melibatkan banyak langkah kompleks, karena perangkat lunak dan pustaka yang digunakannya memerlukan pembaruan besar yang telah lama tertunda. Pekerjaan seperti ini membantu menjadikan infrastruktur Wikimedia lebih tangguh dan berkelanjutan. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2025]] (MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2025) akan diselenggarakan di Sandusky, Amerika Serikat, serta secara daring pada 14–16 Mei 2025. Acara ini akan membahas penggunaan perangkat lunak MediaWiki oleh berbagai perusahaan di berbagai industri serta menginspirasi dan menarik pengguna baru. Pendaftaran peserta dan proposal presentasi kini tersedia di situs web konferensi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 April 2025 00.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai saat ini, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|para pengurus antarmuka]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|pengurus pengumuman pusat (''centralnotice'')]] secara teknis diwajibkan untuk mengaktifkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua faktor]] sebelum dapat menggunakan hak istimewa mereka. Ke depannya, kebijakan ini dapat diperluas untuk mencakup lebih banyak kelompok dengan hak pengguna tingkat lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tim Design System sedang mempersiapkan peluncuran versi utama berikutnya dari Codex (v2.0.0) pada 29 April. Para penyunting dan pengembang yang menggunakan CSS dari Codex diimbau untuk meninjau [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|dokumentasi ikhtisar versi 2.0]], yang memuat panduan mengenai sejumlah perubahan penting, termasuk <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, dan <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * Hasil [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang (2025)]] telah dipublikasikan. Ucapan terima kasih disampaikan kepada semua peserta atas kontribusinya. Temuan dari survei ini berperan penting dalam membantu Wikimedia Foundation menetapkan arah kerja ke depan dan meninjau capaian yang telah dilakukan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|Wikimedia Hackathon 2025]] akan berlangsung di Istanbul, Turki, pada 2–4 Mei. Batas akhir pendaftaran untuk keikutsertaan langsung adalah 13 April. Calon peserta diimbau untuk memeriksa terlebih dahulu persyaratan [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] atau [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] yang mungkin diperlukan untuk masuk ke Turki sebelum mendaftar. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 April 2025 18.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Akhir pekan ini, ukuran standar gambar mini akan ditingkatkan dari 220 piksel menjadi 250 piksel. Perubahan ini akan memengaruhi tampilan halaman di seluruh wiki dan telah menjadi permintaan sejumlah komunitas selama bertahun-tahun. Sebelumnya, hal tersebut belum dapat diwujudkan karena keterbatasan teknis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * Gambar mini dari berkas kini disimpan dalam berbagai ukuran. Jika suatu halaman menetapkan ukuran gambar mini yang tidak termasuk dalam daftar ukuran standar (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 250, 330, 500, 960 piksel), MediaWiki akan memilih ukuran gambar mini terbesar yang tersedia, kemudian meminta peramban untuk mengecilkan ukurannya sesuai dengan yang diminta. Dalam kasus seperti ini, tidak akan ada perubahan secara visual, tetapi pengguna mungkin akan memuat gambar dengan ukuran yang sedikit lebih besar. Jika tidak ada preferensi khusus mengenai ukuran gambar mini yang digunakan dalam suatu halaman, disarankan untuk memilih salah satu dari ukuran standar guna menghindari proses pengecilan di sisi peramban. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation tengah mengembangkan sebuah sistem bernama [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] yang akan memungkinkan pelaksanaan uji A/B, membantu melindungi dari serangan kegagalan layanan (DDoS), serta mempermudah pemahaman mengenai jumlah pengunjung situs-situs Wikimedia. Inisiatif ini bertujuan untuk membangun perangkat yang dapat mendukung pembaca secara lebih efisien dan memudahkan mereka dalam menemukan informasi yang mereka cari. * Untuk meningkatkan keamanan pengguna, sebagian kecil proses masuk log kini akan mengharuskan pemilik akun memasukkan kata sandi sekali pakai yang dikirimkan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|surel ke alamat yang terdaftar di akun mereka]]. Pengguna disarankan untuk [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|memastikan]] bahwa alamat surel pada akun telah diatur dengan benar, telah dikonfirmasi, dan dapat digunakan untuk keperluan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Apakah Anda tertarik untuk mengikuti survei singkat guna meningkatkan alat bantu yang digunakan dalam meninjau atau mengembalikan suntingan di Wiki Anda?" Pertanyaan ini akan [[phab:T389401|ditampilkan di tujuh wiki mulai pekan depan]], pada halaman "Perubahan terbaru" dan "Daftar pantauan". [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Tim Moderator Tools]] ingin memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan peninjauan suntingan baru dalam proyek Wikimedia Anda, serta proses penentuan apakah suntingan tersebut sesuai dengan kebijakan proyek yang berlaku. * Mulai 15 April, grafik lengkap Wikidata tidak akan lagi didukung di <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. Setelah tanggal tersebut, artikel-artikel ilmiah akan tersedia melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, sementara data lainnya yang dihos di Wikidata akan tetap tersedia melalui titik akhir <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari proses pemisahan Wikidata Graph yang telah dijadwalkan dan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|diumumkan pada bulan September 2024]]. Informasi lebih lanjut [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|tersedia di Wikidata]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Nawala Aplikasi Wikimedia]] triwulan terbaru kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini berisi kabar terbaru, eksperimen, serta berbagai peningkatan yang telah diterapkan pada aplikasi Wikipedia versi seluler. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Nawala Komunitas Teknis]] triwulan terbaru kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini mencakup: undangan bagi para pengelola perkakas untuk menghadiri Sesi Umpan Balik Komunitas Toolforge UI pada 15 April, metrik komunitas terbaru, dan artikel blog teknis terkini. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 April 2025 00.23 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sejak 15 April, [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] telah terintegrasi dengan [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Wikipedia bahasa Dagbani]]. Ini merupakan proyek pertama yang memungkinkan pemanggilan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] untuk diintegrasikan ke dalam artikel. Fungsi adalah proses yang menerima satu atau lebih masukan dan mengubahnya menjadi keluaran tertentu, seperti menjumlahkan dua bilangan, mengonversi mil menjadi meter, menghitung waktu yang telah berlalu sejak suatu peristiwa, atau mengubah bentuk kata sesuai dengan kaidah kasus gramatikal. Dengan Wikifunctions, pengguna dapat melakukan operasi tersebut melalui [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|pemanggilan fungsi global yang stabil]], tanpa bergantung pada templat lokal. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * Jenis galat ''lint'' baru telah dibuat: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|dokumentasi]]). [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Ekstensi Linter]] bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola teks wiki yang perlu atau dapat diperbaiki dalam halaman, serta memberikan panduan mengenai permasalahan pada pola-pola tersebut dan cara memperbaikinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:37}} {{PLURAL:37|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah diterbitkan di HuggingFace, kumpulan data "Structured Contents" yang dikembangkan oleh Wikimedia Enterprise kini [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ juga tersedia di Kaggle]. Inisiatif Beta ini berfokus pada upaya membuat data Wikimedia lebih mudah dibaca mesin bagi para pengguna ulang berskala besar. Versi beta ini dirilis di platform yang telah digunakan oleh komunitas kumpulan data terbuka, dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh umpan balik guna menyempurnakan produk sebelum dirilis secara lebih luas di masa mendatang. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets proyek Structured Contents] secara keseluruhan, serta mengenai [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ rilis pertama yang dapat digunakan secara bebas]. * Tidak ada versi baru MediaWiki pada minggu ini. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Tim Penyuntingan dan Tim Pembelajaran Mesin mengundang para sukarelawan yang berminat untuk menghadiri pertemuan guna mendiskusikan ''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]'', yaitu fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] terbaru yang akan mendeteksi penggunaan bahasa "''peacock''" (berlebihan dalam memuji), "terlalu promosi," atau "tidak netral" saat para penyunting sedang mengetik. Penyunting yang bekerja bersama pengguna baru, membantu memperbaiki tulisan semacam ini, atau memiliki ketertarikan terhadap penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam proyek-proyek kita, diharapkan untuk hadir. Pertemuan akan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|diadakan pada 28 April 2025]] pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18.00–19.00 UTC] dan diselenggarakan melalui Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 April 2025 20.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 28 April 2025 15.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Penyelenggara acara yang mengadakan kegiatan kolaboratif di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|beberapa wiki]], termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Jepang, dan Korea, akan mendapatkan akses ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|ekstensi CampaignEvents]] pada pekan ini. Selain itu, para pengurus di Wikipedia yang telah mengaktifkan ekstensi tersebut akan segera diberikan hak sebagai penyelenggara acara secara otomatis. Mereka tidak perlu lagi memberikan hak tersebut kepada diri sendiri secara manual sebelum dapat mengelola acara sebagaimana [[phab:T386861|diminta oleh komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Peluncuran versi utama berikutnya dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], sistem desain untuk Wikimedia, dijadwalkan pada 29 April 2025. Para penyunting teknis akan memperoleh akses ke versi ini pada pekan yang dimulai 5 Mei 2025. Pembaruan ini mencakup sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|perubahan besar]] (''breaking changes'') serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|perubahan visual]] kecil. Petunjuk mengenai penanganan perubahan tersebut telah didokumentasikan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|halaman ini]]. Pengujian prarilis dilaporkan dalam [[phab:T386298|T386298]], sedangkan masalah pascarilis akan dipantau melalui [[phab:T392379|T392379]] dan [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Pengguna [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] akan melihat bahwa tampilan basis data <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, dan <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> [[phab:T390767|kini telah dinyatakan usang]]. Sebagai gantinya, pengguna dapat menggunakan view baru <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> dan <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> yang mencerminkan tabel-tabel baru dalam basis data produksi. Tampilan yang telah usang tersebut akan dihapus sepenuhnya dari Wiki Replicas pada Juni 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Nawala triwulanan terbaru mengenai Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini memuat ringkasan mengenai peningkatan pada [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ perkakas Content Translation Dashboard], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|dukungan untuk bahasa-bahasa baru]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|sorotan dari kampanye Wiki Loves Ramadan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|hasil dari Language Onboarding Experiment]]—analisis keberagaman topik dalam artikel—serta informasi mengenai pertemuan dan acara komunitas yang akan datang. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 29 April pukul 14.30 UTC]. Edisi kali ini akan berfokus pada tema "Memahami dan Menavigasi Konflik dalam Proyek Wikimedia". [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|Pendaftaran]] untuk mengikuti acara ini sudah dibuka. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|Wikimedia Hackathon 2025]], yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis global untuk berjejaring, bertukar ide, dan mengembangkan proyek-proyek yang sudah ada, akan berlangsung pada 2 hingga 4 Mei 2025 di Istanbul, Turki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 28 April 2025 19.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan draf pembaruan terbaru untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|rencana tahunan]] mereka pada tahun mendatang (Juli 2025–Juni 2026). Draf ini mencakup [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|ringkasan eksekutif]] (yang juga tersedia di [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), informasi mengenai tiga [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|tujuan]] utama ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastruktur]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Dukungan Sukarelawan]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Efektivitas]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|tren global]], serta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|anggaran]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|model keuangan]]. Masukan dan pertanyaan sangat diharapkan di [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|halaman pembicaraannya]] hingga akhir Mei. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Untuk wiki yang telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|mengaktifkan ekstensi CampaignEvents]], dua peningkatan fitur baru telah dirilis: ** Para pengurus kini dapat menentukan ruang nama mana yang diizinkan untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|dokumentasi tersedia]]). Pengaturan bawaan mengizinkan pendaftaran acara di ruang nama Event, tetapi kini ruang nama lain (seperti ruang nama proyek atau ProyekWiki) juga dapat ditambahkan. Dengan perubahan ini, komunitas seperti ProyekWiki kini dapat menggunakan fitur Pendaftaran Acara dengan lebih mudah untuk kegiatan kolaboratif mereka. ** Para penyunting kini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|mentransklusi]] Collaboration List (Daftar Kolaborasi) ke dalam halaman wiki ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|dokumentasi tersedia]]). Collaboration List adalah daftar otomatis yang menampilkan acara dan ProyekWiki di wiki, yang dapat diakses melalui Special:AllEvents ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|contoh tersedia]]). Sekarang, Collaboration List dapat ditambahkan ke berbagai jenis halaman wiki, seperti: halaman utama wiki, halaman ProyekWiki, halaman afiliasi, halaman acara, atau bahkan halaman pengguna. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengembang yang menggunakan pustaka <code dir=ltr>moment</code> dalam gawai dan skrip pengguna disarankan untuk meninjau kembali kode mereka dan beralih ke alternatif seperti pustaka <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> atau pustaka baru <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code>. Pustaka <code dir=ltr>moment</code> telah dinyatakan usang dan akan mulai menampilkan pesan peringatan di konsol pengembang. Anda dapat melihat pencarian global untuk penggunaan yang masih aktif, serta [[phab:T392532|mengajukan pertanyaan terkait melalui tugas di Phabricator]]. * Para pengembang yang memelihara perkakas yang melakukan kueri terhadap tabel penyimpanan istilah Wikidata (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar terhubung ke klaster basis data yang terpisah. Tabel-tabel ini sedang dipindahkan ke klaster basis data tersendiri. Perkakas yang selama ini mengakses tabel-tabel tersebut melalui replika wiki harus disesuaikan agar dapat terhubung ke klaster yang baru. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Dokumentasi dan pranala terkait telah tersedia]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Nawala terbaru Chart Project]] telah tersedia. Nawala ini berisi kabar terbaru mengenai persiapan untuk memperluas penerapan ke wiki tambahan mulai pekan ini (6 Mei) dan skalanya yang akan meningkat dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, serta eksplorasi mengenai penyaringan dan transformasi data sumber. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Méi 2025 00.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 6 Méi 2025 15.07 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pranala [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Dapatkan URL pendek"]] yang ada di bilah samping kini dilengkapi dengan [[phab:T393309|kode QR]]. Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat memindai atau mengunduh kode tersebut untuk membagikan dan mengakses konten dari situs Wikimedia dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation sedang mengembangkan sebuah sistem bernama [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] yang akan memungkinkan [[w:en:A/B testing|pengujian A/B]], membantu melindungi situs dari serangan DDoS, serta mempermudah pemahaman mengenai jumlah pengunjung situs Wikimedia. Tujuan dari sistem ini adalah untuk mendukung pengembangan perkakas bantu yang lebih efisien bagi pembaca, serta mempermudah mereka dalam menemukan informasi yang dicari. Berita Teknis sebelumnya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|telah membahas topik ini]]. Penerapan sistem ini akan dilakukan secara bertahap. Beberapa pengguna mungkin akan melihat kuki Edge Uniques mulai pekan tanggal 19 Mei. Anda dapat mendiskusikan hal ini di [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|halaman pembicaraan]]. * Mulai 19 Mei 2025, penyelenggara acara di wiki yang telah mengaktifkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents| CampaignEvents]] dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] di ruang nama proyek (misalnya ruang nama Wikipedia, ruang nama Wikidata). Dengan perubahan ini, komunitas tidak lagi memerlukan peran pengurus untuk menggunakan fitur tersebut. Namun, wiki yang tidak menginginkan perubahan ini dapat mengatur ulang ruang nama yang diizinkan melalui halaman [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * Proyek {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} kini telah hadir dalam [[d:Q36720|bahasa Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]), sebuah bahasa yang digunakan terutama di wilayah Tengah Utara Nigeria. Para penutur bahasa Nupe diundang untuk berpartisipasi dan memperkaya [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|Wikipedia baru]] tersebut. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para pengembang kini dapat mengakses Wikipedia dalam bahasa Belanda yang telah diurai sebelumnya, bersama dengan versi bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Spanyol, Italia, dan Portugis, melalui [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (versi beta)]. Konten yang tersedia mencakup ringkasan artikel Wikipedia yang telah diurai, deskripsi, gambar utama, kotak info (''infobox''), bagian-bagian artikel, serta referensi. * Antarmuka REST API <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> tidak lagi digunakan dan akan dihentikan. [[phab:T393557|Penghentian layanan ini dijadwalkan]] pada 7 Juni 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration Dukungan terhadap IPv6] kini diperkenalkan melalui jaringan virtual Cloud yang baru, yang secara signifikan meningkatkan skalabilitas, keamanan, dan kesiapan platform Wikimedia untuk masa depan. Bagi kontributor teknis yang ingin mengetahui lebih lanjut, silakan membaca [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ artikel blog ini] untuk penjelasan mendalam mengenai perjalanan menuju IPv6. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Edisi kedua [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] tahun 2025, sebuah platform virtual bagi Wikimediawan Afrika untuk saling terhubung, akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 15 Mei pukul 17.00 UTC]. Edisi kali ini akan berfokus pada diskusi tentang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|perencanaan tahunan dan perkembangan Wikimedia]]. * Pertemuan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], sebuah forum virtual bagi para Wikimediawan di kawasan Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara (MENA) untuk saling terhubung, akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 17 Mei pukul 17.00 UTC]. Pendaftaran untuk mengikuti acara ini [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|telah dibuka]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Méi 2025 22.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == Join the 6th Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign – 2025 Edition == Dear Wikipedia community, (''Please help translate to your language'') We invite your community to participate in the 6th edition of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign]], a global campaign taking place from July 1 to August 31, 2025. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable photo from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests ([[:m:Wiki Loves Africa|Wiki Loves Africa]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Earth|Wiki Loves Earth]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments]], etc.) over the years. More than 80 Wikimedia affiliates have participated since the campaign was launched in 2020 and have added images to more than 400,000 Wikipedia articles in over 245 Wikipedia languages. Thanks to the volunteer contributors! We now invite your community to organize and lead the campaign within your community. As a local organizer, you may: *Encourage individual members to take part by adding images to Wikipedia articles. *Host edit-a-thons focused on improving visual content. *Organize training workshops to teach contributors how to correctly integrate images into Wikipedia. These activities will help build local capacity and increase visual content across Wikipedia. Please note that for participants to be eligible to participate in the campaign, they need to have registered an account for at least a year before the official start date of the contest. That is, for the 2025 edition, they must have registered an account on or before July 1, 2025. The account can be from any Wikimedia project wikis. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language Wikipedia. We would be glad for you to [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|sign up directly]] at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. With kind regards, [[User:Reading Beans]] On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025. [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Méi 2025 21.53 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:T Cells@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2025/Call_for_participation_letter/Village_pump&oldid=28751075 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan (Editing) Tim Pembelajaran Mesin (Machine Learning) tengah mengembangkan fitur baru yang ditujukan bagi penyunting baru, yaitu ''[[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]''. Fitur ini menggunakan model prediktif berbasis kecerdasan buatan untuk membantu penyunting meningkatkan nada bahasa dalam suntingan mereka agar lebih netral dan sesuai standar ensiklopedia. Kami mengundang sukarelawan untuk meninjau versi awal model bahasa ini yang tersedia dalam lima bahasa: Arab, Spanyol, Portugis, Inggris, dan Jepang. Pengguna dari wiki dengan bahasa-bahasa tersebut yang berminat memberikan masukan [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|dipersilakan mendaftar melalui MediaWiki.org]]. Pendaftaran dibuka hingga 23 Mei, yang juga menandai dimulainya masa uji coba. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai 20 Mei 2025, para [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|pengawas]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|pemeriksa]] diwajibkan mengamankan akun mereka dengan autentikasi dua faktor (2FA) agar tetap dapat menggunakan hak akses tingkat lanjut mereka. Seluruh pengguna dalam kedua kelompok ini yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA telah menerima pemberitahuan sebelumnya. Ke depannya, persyaratan ini mungkin akan diberlakukan pula bagi pengguna lain yang memiliki hak akses tingkat lanjut. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblokir]] (''Multiblocks'') akan mulai diterapkan secara massal pada akhir bulan ini. Seluruh proyek non-Wikipedia, beserta Wikipedia bahasa Katalan, akan mulai mengadopsi fitur ini pada pekan yang dimulai tanggal 26 Mei. Sementara itu, seluruh Wikipedia lainnya akan mengadopsinya pada pekan yang dimulai tanggal 2 Juni. Silakan hubungi [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|tim pengembang]] jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan atau kekhawatiran terkait penerapan ini. Para pengurus dapat mencoba antarmuka pengguna baru di wiki masing-masing dengan membuka halaman [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], dan dapat menguji seluruh fungsi multiblokir secara lengkap [[testwiki:Special:Block|di testwiki]]. Multiblokir memungkinkan pengurus menetapkan beberapa jenis pemblokiran secara bersamaan terhadap satu pengguna. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|halaman bantuan]] yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Pada akhir pekan ini, tampilan halaman [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]]—yang memuat daftar hampir semua halaman istimewa—akan diperbarui dengan desain baru. Pembaruan ini [[phab:T219543|dirancang]] untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna melalui beberapa fitur, termasuk kemampuan untuk mencari berdasarkan nama dan alias halaman istimewa, penyusunan daftar yang dapat diurutkan, penandaan yang lebih jelas untuk halaman istimewa yang terbatas aksesnya, dan tampilan yang lebih ramah untuk perangkat seluler. Versi baru ini sudah [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages dapat dilihat] di Beta Cluster, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui tugas yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi Chart]] akan diaktifkan di lebih banyak wiki. Untuk mengetahui jadwal lengkap penerapan ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, silakan lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|linimasa penerapannya]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] akan diterapkan pada tanggal 27 Mei di lima Wiktionary: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], dan [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maladewa]]. Ini merupakan gelombang kedua dari rencana penerapan proyek tersebut. Setelah diterapkan, proyek-proyek ini akan dapat memanggil [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|fungsi-fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] dan mengintegrasikannya ke dalam halaman mereka. Sebuah fungsi adalah mekanisme yang menerima satu atau lebih masukan dan mengubahnya menjadi keluaran yang diinginkan, misalnya menjumlahkan dua angka, mengonversi mil ke meter, menghitung waktu yang telah berlalu sejak suatu peristiwa, atau menurunkan kata ke dalam suatu bentuk gramatikal. Wikifunctions memungkinkan pengguna melakukan hal-hal tersebut melalui pemanggilan sederhana terhadap [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|fungsi global yang stabil]], tanpa perlu membuat templat lokal secara terpisah. * Pada akhir pekan ini, Wikimedia Foundation akan merilis sebuah pusat [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|eksperimen]]. Tujuan dari inisiatif ini adalah untuk menampilkan berbagai eksperimen produk serta mengumpulkan masukan dari para pengguna. Eksperimen-eksperimen ini dirancang untuk membantu gerakan Wikimedia [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|memahami perilaku pengguna baru]], cara mereka berinteraksi dengan internet, serta dampak potensialnya terhadap gerakan Wikimedia. Beberapa contoh eksperimen yang akan ditampilkan meliputi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|video hasil generatif]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|permainan ''Wikipedia speedrun'' di Roblox]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|bot untuk platform Discord]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya terdapat sebuah galat saat membuat akun melalui API. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gawai dan skrip pengguna yang berinteraksi dengan halaman [[{{#special:Block}}]] mungkin perlu diperbarui agar dapat berfungsi dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|antarmuka pengelolaan blokir]] yang baru. Silakan tinjau [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|panduan pengembang]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan atau mengalami kesulitan menyesuaikan skrip dengan antarmuka baru, mohon sampaikan hal tersebut kepada tim melalui [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|halaman pembicaraannya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Objek <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> memungkinkan Anda memperoleh informasi tentang halaman wiki tertentu menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Lua. Mulai pekan ini, objek tersebut akan dilengkapi dengan atribut baru bernama <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. Atribut ini memudahkan Anda untuk memeriksa apakah sebuah halaman merupakan halaman disambiguasi, tanpa perlu membuat fungsi khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para pengembang skrip pengguna kini dapat memanfaatkan perkakas [[toolforge:gitlab-content|''reverse proxy'' baru]] untuk memuat berkas JavaScript dan CSS dari [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] menggunakan <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. Pembuat perkakas ini berharap fitur tersebut akan memfasilitasi alur kerja pengembangan kolaboratif bagi skrip pengguna, termasuk pemeriksaan kode (''linting''), pengujian unit, pembuatan kode otomatis, serta tinjauan kode langsung di <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi>, tanpa perlu langkah salin-tempel terpisah untuk menerbitkan skrip ke wiki Wikimedia guna pengujian integrasi dan penerimaan. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan di halaman [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content di Wikitech]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Edisi ke-12 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], forum yang mempertemukan para peneliti untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai sisi proyek Wikimedia, akan diselenggarakan secara virtual pada 21–22 Mei. Pendaftaran bagi para peneliti [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ kini sudah dibuka]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Méi 2025 23.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Diskusi terbuka untuk seluruh komunitas mengenai isu yang sangat sensitif bagi pengembangan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] kini telah dimulai di Meta, yakni mengenai lokasi penyimpanan konten abstrak yang akan dikembangkan melalui fungsi dari Wikifunctions dan data dari Wikidata. Diskusi ini berlangsung hingga 12 Juni di halaman [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], dan setiap pendapat sangat dihargai. Keputusan akan diambil dan diumumkan oleh Wikimedia Foundation setelah masa konsultasi berakhir. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai pekan lalu, di semua wiki selain [[phab:T388604|20 wiki terbesar]], pengguna penyunting visual pada perangkat seluler kini dapat menggunakan sejumlah [[phab:T385851|perkakas tambahan melalui tombol baru]] bertanda <code>+</code> di bilah menu. Perkakas ini mencakup opsi untuk menambahkan referensi, aksara hieroglif, dan blok kode. Fitur ini [[phab:T388605|direncanakan]] akan diterapkan di wiki-wiki lainnya pada bulan Juni. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Fungsi pengurai <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> tidak lagi akan mencatat pranala ke halaman yang menjadi targetnya. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keakuratan halaman [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], yang ke depannya hanya akan menampilkan halaman yang benar-benar menjadi target dari pranala merah. Perubahan ini akan diterapkan secara bertahap seiring diperbaruinya halaman-halaman sumber. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * Pekan ini, tim Moderator Tools akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|sebuah penyaring baru pada fitur Perubahan Terbaru]], dimulai dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia. Penyaring ini dirancang untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi untuk dibatalkan (''reverted''). Tujuannya adalah untuk membantu para penyunting yang memantau Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali suntingan-suntingan yang mungkin bermasalah. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan mendapatkan manfaat dari penyaring ini di masa mendatang. * Saat mengeklik bilah pencarian yang masih kosong, pengguna yang belum masuk log akan melihat saran artikel untuk dibaca lebih lanjut. Fitur ini tersedia di versi desktop dan seluler. Pembaca Wikipedia bahasa Katalan, Ibrani, dan Italia, serta beberapa proyek saudari lainnya, akan mulai menerima pembaruan ini antara 21 Mei hingga pertengahan Juni. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan menyusul kemudian. Tujuan dari fitur ini adalah untuk mendorong pengguna agar lebih banyak membaca konten wiki. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Beberapa pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android kini dapat mencoba fitur baru bagi pembaca, yaitu [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], sebuah permainan trivia harian yang didasarkan pada peristiwa sejarah nyata. Fitur ini dirilis sebagai uji coba A/B dan tersedia bagi 50% pengguna dalam delapan bahasa: Inggris, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Ekstensi Newsletter]] yang tersedia di MediaWiki.org memungkinkan pembuatan [[mw:Special:Newsletters|berbagai nawala]] bagi pengguna global. Kini, ekstensi tersebut mendukung penerbitan edisi baru sebagai [[mw:Special:Newsletters|pranala bagian]] (''section link'') pada halaman yang sudah ada sehingga tidak lagi memerlukan halaman terpisah untuk setiap edisi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tampilan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> yang sebelumnya telah dinyatakan usang di [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] akan dihapus pada awal Juni mendatang. Pengguna disarankan untuk beralih menggunakan tampilan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> dan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> yang baru sebagai gantinya. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata dan Proyek Saudari]] (''Wikidata and Sister Projects'') merupakan acara daring yang berlangsung selama beberapa hari dengan fokus pada integrasi Wikidata ke dalam Wikipedia dan proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya. Acara ini akan diselenggarakan mulai 29 Mei hingga 1 Juni. [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|Jadwal acara sudah tersedia]] dan [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|pendaftaran]] dapat dilakukan sekarang. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Méi 2025 20.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi Chart]] kini tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Para penyunting dapat menggunakan ekstensi baru ini untuk membuat visualisasi data interaktif, seperti bagan batang, garis, area, dan lingkaran. Fitur ini dirancang untuk menggantikan banyak fungsi dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|ekstensi Graph]] versi lama. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengaturan kutipan otomatis di wiki kini menjadi lebih sederhana melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|pembuat kutipan]] di penyunting visual. Para pengurus wiki dapat menetapkan templat standar dengan menambahkan kunci <code dir=ltr>_default</code> di halaman lokal <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|contoh perubahan]]). Penetapan templat standar ini akan membantu menjaga kompatibilitas konfigurasi yang ada ketika [[phab:T347823|jenis butir baru]] ditambahkan di kemudian hari. Meskipun demikian, templat khusus untuk jenis butir tertentu tetap dapat ditetapkan dan akan diutamakan dibandingkan templat bawaan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan 2 Juni, bot yang menggunakan <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> atau <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> untuk masuk log akan lebih sering mengalami kegagalan. Hal ini merupakan bagian dari penerapan perlindungan yang lebih ketat terhadap upaya masuk yang mencurigakan. Bot yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|kata sandi bot]] (''bot password'') atau metode otentikasi tanpa proses masuk log seperti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] tidak akan terdampak. Jika bot Anda masih menggunakan metode lama tanpa kata sandi bot, sebaiknya segera diperbarui. Penggunaan <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> tanpa kata sandi bot telah tidak disarankan sejak [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|tahun 2016]]. Bagi sebagian besar bot, pembaruan ini cukup dengan mengganti kata sandi yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * Mulai pekan ini, wiki Wikimedia akan mendukung fitur JavaScript ES2017 untuk kode resmi, gawai, dan skrip pengguna. Salah satu fitur paling mencolok dari ES2017 adalah sintaks <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> yang memungkinkan penulisan kode menjadi lebih mudah dibaca. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2016, dan beberapa bulan sebelumnya terbatas pada ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pendaftaran beasiswa untuk mengikuti [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|Konferensi GLAM Wiki 2025]] kini telah dibuka. Konferensi ini akan diselenggarakan pada 30 Oktober hingga 1 November di Lisbon, Portugal. Kontributor GLAM yang tidak memiliki dukungan pendanaan untuk berpartisipasi dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|mengajukan permohonan]] melalui pranala ini. Batas waktu pengajuan beasiswa adalah 7 Juni. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Juni 2025 23.54 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Tim Trust and Safety]] sedang menyelesaikan pekerjaan terakhir untuk meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] di beberapa Wikipedia besar pada akhir bulan ini. Tim ini telah bekerja sama dengan para pengurus dan pengguna lain yang memiliki hak akses tingkat lanjut untuk memperkirakan serta mengantisipasi berbagai skenario penggunaan yang mungkin terjadi di wiki berukuran besar, agar anggota komunitas tetap dapat memoderasi dan memantau akun sementara secara efektif. Ini merupakan tahap kedua dari tiga tahap peluncuran. Tahap terakhir paling cepat akan dilakukan pada bulan September. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai perkembangan terbaru proyek ini, silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|lihat pembaruan ini]]. Jika Anda memiliki komentar atau pertanyaan, silakan tulis di [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|halaman pembicaraannya]], dan [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|ikuti acara CEE Catch Up]] pada hari Selasa ini. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|kedaluwarsa daftar pantauan]] memungkinkan penyunting memantau halaman untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Setelah waktu tersebut berakhir, halaman akan otomatis dihapus dari daftar pantauan. Mulai pekan ini, Anda dapat mengatur preferensi untuk menentukan jangka waktu bawaan dalam memantau halaman. [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|Preferensi]] ini juga memungkinkan Anda menetapkan durasi pantauan yang berbeda untuk penyuntingan halaman yang sudah ada, halaman yang Anda buat, serta saat menggunakan fitur pembatalan suntingan (''rollback''). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Berikut ini adalah tangkapan layar dari peningkatan visual yang diterapkan di halaman pembicaraan|Berikut adalah contoh halaman pembicaraan dengan desain baru dalam bahasa Prancis]] * Tampilan halaman pembicaraan akan mengalami perubahan di hampir semua Wikipedia ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|beberapa]] di antaranya sudah menerima pembaruan desain ini, sementara [[phab:T379264|sebagian lainnya]] akan mendapatkannya dalam waktu dekat). Anda dapat membaca rincian mengenai perubahan ini [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|di Diff]]. Jika Anda tidak ingin menggunakan tampilan baru ini, Anda dapat menonaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|preferensi pengguna]] dengan mematikan opsi "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan tertentu, seperti pengurus, birokrat, pemeriksa, pengawas, dan penatalayan, [[phab:T358853|sekarang dapat secara otomatis melihat]] alamat IP dari seluruh akun sementara selama jangka waktu tertentu. Fitur ini dirancang untuk membantu penanganan vandalisme yang dilakukan dengan cara berpindah-pindah akun secara cepat, dan disediakan berdasarkan permintaan dari para penatalayan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * Pekan ini, Tim Perkakas Moderator dan Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|peluncuran penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke beberapa Wikipedia lainnya. Penyaring ini menggunakan model Revert Risk yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi dibatalkan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengidentifikasi kontribusi yang mungkin bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di Wikipedia berikut: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}. Peluncuran ini akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa minggu mendatang hingga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting AbuseFilter yang aktif di Meta-Wiki dan Wikipedia berukuran besar dimohon untuk memperbarui AbuseFilter agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. Pranala ke petunjuk serta daftar tertutup penyaring yang perlu diperiksa [[phab:T369611|tersedia di Phabricator]]. * Modul Lua kini dapat mengakses nama keluku (''thumbnail'') yang berkaitan dengan suatu halaman, dan di [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 beberapa wiki] juga dapat mengakses informasi penilaian ProyekWiki. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat dua atribut baru pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|objek mw.title]], yaitu <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> dan <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Juni 2025 01.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Anda diundang untuk [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en mencalonkan perkakas favorit] dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren]] edisi keenam. Proses pencalonan bersifat anonim dan berlangsung hingga 25 Juni. Satu survei dapat digunakan beberapa kali untuk mengajukan lebih dari satu perkakas. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Staf Wikimedia Foundation dan sukarelawan teknis menggunakan API Wikimedia untuk membangun berbagai perkakas, aplikasi, fitur, dan integrasi yang meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna. Dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan berfokus pada pengembangan API web (HTTP) Wikimedia guna mendukung kebutuhan sukarelawan teknis sekaligus melindungi infrastruktur Wikimedia dari potensi penyalahgunaan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai rencana pengembangan API ini dapat [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ dibaca dalam tulisan di Techblog]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Juni 2025 23.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pekan ini, Tim Moderator Tools dan Tim Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan peluncuran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke kelompok Wikipedia ketiga sekaligus terakhir. Penyaring ini menggunakan model ''Revert Risk'' yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menandai suntingan yang kemungkinan besar akan dikembalikan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali kontribusi yang berpotensi bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/id}}. Peluncuran akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa pekan mendatang untuk mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] mulai diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Ceko, Korea, dan Turki. Minggu ini dan minggu depan, penerapan akan dilanjutkan ke Wikipedia dengan jumlah pengguna yang lebih besar. Silakan [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|bagikan pendapat Anda]] mengenai proyek ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Akhir pekan ini, Tim Penyuntingan (Editing) akan meluncurkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] ke seluruh Wikipedia (kecuali Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). Fitur ini menampilkan beberapa [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|pemeriksaan referensi]] saat pengguna menyunting, dengan tujuan mendorong mereka untuk menambahkan sumber ketika menambahkan beberapa paragraf baru dalam sebuah artikel. Sebelumnya, fitur ini diuji coba dalam uji A/B. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results Hasilnya menunjukkan] bahwa pengguna yang melihat beberapa pemeriksaan cenderung 1,3 kali lebih mungkin menambahkan referensi dalam suntingannya, dan suntingan mereka lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk dikembalikan (berkurang 34,7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * Beberapa nama halaman perlu diubah karena adanya pembaruan perangkat lunak dan penyesuaian dengan standar Unicode terbaru. Semua perubahan ini berkaitan dengan penulisan huruf kapital pada judul. Sekitar 71 halaman dan 3 berkas akan diubah namanya di 15 wiki; daftar lengkapnya tercantum dalam [[phab:T396903|tugas terkait]]. Para pengembang akan mengganti nama halaman-halaman tersebut pekan depan, dan beberapa menit setelahnya akan memperbaiki pengalihan serta pranala berkas yang tertanam melalui pembaruan pengaturan sistem. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu telah diperbaiki yang sebelumnya menyebabkan halaman menggulir ke atas saat teks di dekat bagian atas dipilih. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting kini dapat menggunakan modul Lua untuk menyaring dan mengolah data tabel agar dapat digunakan bersama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi:Chart]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan berbagai hal, seperti memilih sebagian baris atau kolom dari data sumber, mengubah satuan, melakukan pengolahan statistik, dan berbagai bentuk pengolahan data lainnya. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Informasi tentang cara menggunakan fitur ini tersedia]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * Variabel <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> dalam [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] kini diganti namanya menjadi <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> agar konsisten dengan variabel lainnya. Penggunaan nama lama masih tetap akan berfungsi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Isi pembaruan ini meliputi: peningkatan terbaru pada tugas "Tambahkan Pranala", dua fitur baru untuk mendukung keterlibatan pengguna baru, dan pembaruan pada pengaturan Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2025 23.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] kini telah tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia. Ekstensi ini dirancang untuk mempermudah penyelenggaraan dan keikutsertaan dalam berbagai kegiatan kolaboratif, seperti menyunting bareng (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki, langsung di wiki. Ekstensi ini menawarkan tiga fitur utama: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]], dan [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]]. Untuk mengajukan permintaan aktivasi ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|halaman informasi penyebaran]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pemelihara AbuseFilter kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|data reputasi IP]] dalam penyaringan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]. Data reputasi IP merupakan informasi mengenai proksi dan VPN yang terkait dengan alamat IP pengguna. Data ini tidak ditampilkan secara publik dan tidak dihasilkan untuk tindakan yang dilakukan oleh akun yang telah terdaftar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Konten tersembunyi dalam bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|halaman Wikipedia yang dapat dilipat]] (''collapsible'') sekarang akan terlihat ketika seseorang menggunakan fitur "Temukan di halaman" (Ctrl+F atau ⌘F) di peramban web yang mendukung fitur ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Templat Favorit]] (''Favourite Templates'') akan diluncurkan akhir pekan ini di semua proyek (kecuali Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, yang akan menerima fitur ini minggu depan), setelah melalui tahap uji coba di Wikipedia bahasa Polandia dan Arab, serta Wikisource bahasa Italia dan Inggris. Fitur ini mempermudah kontributor baru maupun berpengalaman dalam menemukan dan menggunakan templat melalui dialog templat, dengan memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan templat ke dalam "daftar favorit" khusus. Fitur ini dapat digunakan baik di penyunting visual maupun penyunting teks wiki. Fitur ini merupakan bagian dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|fokus harapan komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah kekutu telah diperbaiki yang sebelumnya menyebabkan beberapa Notifikasi terkirim lebih dari satu kali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Juni 2025 23.40 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Akun sementara]] telah diterapkan di 18 Wikipedia berukuran besar dan menengah, termasuk Wikipedia dalam bahasa Jerman, Jepang, Prancis, dan Tionghoa. Saat ini, sekitar sepertiga dari seluruh aktivitas pengguna yang tidak masuk log di berbagai wiki berasal dari akun sementara. Para pengguna yang terlibat dalam kegiatan patroli mungkin tertarik untuk melihat dua halaman dokumentasi baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Akses ke Alamat IP]], yang menjelaskan segala hal mengenai akses ke alamat IP akun sementara, serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repositori]], yang memuat daftar gawai dan skrip pengguna terbaru. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Siapa pun dapat mencoba permainan eksperimental baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], yang memungkinkan Anda menjelajahi Wikipedia dengan berpindah dari satu artikel ke artikel lain melalui klik, dengan tujuan mencapai halaman tertentu dalam langkah dan waktu sesingkat mungkin. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi cara-cara baru dalam melibatkan pembaca. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Cobalah permainan ini] dan sampaikan pendapat Anda kepada tim melalui [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|halaman pembicaraan]]. * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dalam beberapa bahasa kini dapat memainkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|permainan trivia]] baru bernama '''Apa yang lebih dulu?''' (''Which came first?''). Ini adalah permainan sejarah sederhana di mana Anda menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu pada tanggal hari ini. Sebelumnya, permainan ini tersedia dalam bentuk uji coba A/B, dan sekarang telah tersedia untuk semua pengguna dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Spanyol, Portugis, Rusia, Arab, Turki, dan Tionghoa. Fitur ini bertujuan untuk menarik minat generasi pembaca yang lebih baru. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS dalam beberapa bahasa mungkin akan melihat fitur penjelajahan dengan tab yang baru, yang memungkinkan membuka beberapa tab saat membaca. Fitur ini mempermudah menjelajahi topik-topik terkait dan berpindah antarartikel. Uji coba A/B fitur ini saat ini sedang berlangsung dalam bahasa Arab, Inggris, dan Jepang di wilayah tertentu. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|halaman proyek Penjelajahan dengan Tab]]. * Birokrat di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat menggunakan halaman [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] untuk memeriksa apakah seorang pengguna telah mengaktifkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua faktor]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur baru [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Pencarian dan Penelusuran Templat]] akan diterapkan di semua proyek Wikimedia pada akhir pekan ini: sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|penjelajah kategori templat]] akan diperkenalkan untuk membantu pengguna menemukan templat yang dapat dimasukkan ke dalam daftar "favorit" mereka. Penjelajah ini memungkinkan pengguna menelusuri daftar templat yang telah dikelompokkan dalam struktur kategori tertentu. Fitur ini merupakan permintaan dari komunitas melalui program [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|Harapan Komunitas]]. * Sekarang pengguna dapat mengakses preferensi daftar pantauan langsung dari halaman daftar pantauan. Selain itu, tombol yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk menyunting daftar pantauan dan dianggap tidak lagi diperlukan telah dihapus. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]], kini tersedia sistem Notifikasi bawaan terpadu yang mempermudah pengembang dalam mengirim, mengelola, dan menyesuaikan notifikasi. Silakan lihat dokumentasi terbaru di halaman [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], informasi tentang proses migrasi di tiket [[phab:T388663|T388663]], dan informasi tentang kait (''hooks'') yang tidak lagi digunakan di tiket [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], konferensi yang didedikasikan untuk Wikidata, kini telah dibuka untuk [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp pengajuan sesi] dan [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|pendaftaran peserta]]. Acara tahun ini akan diselenggarakan secara daring pada 31 Oktober – 2 November, dengan tema "Menghubungkan Orang melalui Data Terbuka Tertaut". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juli 2025 00.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 14 Juli 2025 12.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Templat pilihan]], sebuah fitur baru yang berkaitan dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Pencarian dan Penelusuran Templat]], akan diluncurkan pada pekan ini ke semua proyek Wikimedia. Dengan fitur ini, para penyunting dapat dengan mudah mengakses daftar templat yang kemungkinan besar berguna. Daftar ini akan ditampilkan di bawah tab "pilihan" pada antarmuka pencarian templat. Para pengurus dapat menentukan isi daftar ini melalui antarmuka Konfigurasi Komunitas. Fitur ini merupakan permintaan dari komunitas yang diajukan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|melalui Harapan Komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, permintaan untuk menambahkan huruf Malayalam pada perkakas [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export]] telah dipenuhi, dan sekarang huruf-huruf Malayalam pada buku hasil ekspor dari Wikisource sudah ditampilkan dengan benar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Para pengembang, desainer, dan seluruh kontributor Wikimedia diundang untuk [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ mengajukan ide proyek] untuk Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Baca artikel [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ di blog Diff] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pendaftaran beasiswa dan pengajuan program untuk [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] dibuka hingga 20 Juli pukul 23.59 GMT. WikiIndaba adalah konferensi regional bagi para kontributor Wikimedia dari Afrika, baik yang berada di benua Afrika maupun diaspora, untuk saling terhubung dan berkembang bersama. Segera [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform ajukan permohonan beasiswa] dan [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH usulan program] Anda. * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] akan diselenggarakan pada 19–20 Juli di Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Anggota komunitas Wikimedia di Brasil diimbau untuk mendaftar dan berpartisipasi dalam acara ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Juli 2025 20.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur Saran Terjemahan (''Translation Suggestions'') pada perkakas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Penerjemahan Konten]] kini memiliki tingkatan penyaring artikel tambahan dalam kategori "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... Lainnya]". Para penerjemah yang menggunakan fitur ini sekarang dapat memilih dan menerima saran artikel yang disesuaikan dengan wilayah yang mereka minati melalui penyaring "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" yang baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Para pengurus kini dapat membatasi fitur "Tambahkan Pranala" hanya untuk pengguna baru. Tugas Terstruktur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Tambahkan Pranala"]] dirancang untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|membantu pengguna akun baru untuk mulai menyunting]], tetapi beberapa komunitas meminta agar fitur ini dibatasi hanya untuk sasaran awalnya, yaitu pengguna baru. Pengurus dapat mengatur pembatasan ini melalui fitur [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Konfigurasi Komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Bagi penyunting AbuseFilter di [[phab:T392144|beberapa wiki]], kini dimungkinkan untuk memilih suntingan berdasarkan skor RevertRisk dari suntingan yang sedang dicoba. Skor ini hanya tersedia jika tindakan yang dievaluasi adalah sebuah suntingan. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan lihat dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|variabel-variabel ORES/AbuseFilter]]. * Wiki di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Kluster Beta]] (''Beta Cluster'') [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|telah dipindahkan]] dari <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> ke <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Pengguna mungkin perlu memperbarui URL di perkakas yang sedang digunakan atau di pengelola kata sandi mereka. Jika ada masalah mengenai hal ini, silakan [[phab:T289318|laporkan melalui tugas yang tersedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] akan diselenggarakan pada 29–31 Agustus, secara daring dan luring di Bern, Swiss. Tujuan acara ini adalah untuk mempererat kembali hubungan antara komunitas, lembaga, dan individu yang bekerja dengan rujukan terbuka, data kepustakaan, serta ekosistem Wikidata/Wikibase. Pendaftaran sudah dibuka, dan pengumuman pengajuan proposal akan segera diumumkan. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2025 23.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Dalam beberapa bulan ke depan, Tim Teknologi Komunitas (''Community Tech'') akan memusatkan perhatian mereka pada permintaan fitur yang berkaitan dengan Daftar Pantauan dan halaman Perubahan Terbaru. Mereka mengundang masukan dari komunitas. Silakan baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|kabar terbaru]], dan jika Anda memiliki ide, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|ajukanlah permintaan fitur]] yang sesuai dengan topik tersebut. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Komunitas Wikimedia Commons telah memutuskan untuk memblokir [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|unggahan lintas wiki]] ke Wikimedia Commons bagi semua pengguna yang belum memiliki hak terkonfirmasi otomatis di wiki tersebut mulai 16 Agustus. Keputusan ini diambil karena adanya [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|banyak masalah]] yang berhubungan dengan berkas yang diunggah oleh pengguna baru. Pengguna yang terdampak akan menerima pesan galat disertai pranala menuju UploadWizard di Commons yang memiliki pembatasan lebih ringan. Mohon bantu menerjemahkan [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|pesan tersebut]] atau berikan masukan mengenai isi pesannya. Jangan lupa untuk memperbarui halaman bantuan di wiki Anda agar menjelaskan pembatasan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * Di sejumlah wiki yang telah mengaktifkan akun sementara dan di Meta-Wiki, para pengurus kini dapat menambahkan catatan kaki pada halaman Special:Contributions untuk akun sementara. Fungsinya mirip dengan catatan kaki yang dapat ditampilkan pada halaman kontribusi alamat IP maupun akun pengguna. Pengurus dapat menambahkan catatan kaki tersebut dengan membuat halaman bernama <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 6–9 Agustus. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ Program acara sudah diumumkan] sehingga Anda dapat merencanakan sesi mana yang ingin ditonton. Sebagian besar sesi akan disiarkan secara langsung, kecuali yang ditandai dengan ikon "tanpa kamera". Jika Anda ingin bergabung secara daring untuk menonton siaran langsung dan menggunakan fitur interaktif, silakan [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|mendaftar]] untuk mendapatkan tiket virtual gratis. Beberapa sesi teknis yang mungkin menarik bagi Anda, antara lain: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Akun Sementara: Meningkatkan Privasi bagi Penyunting Tak Terdaftar] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Membangun Masa Depan yang Berkelanjutan bagi Kontributor Wikimedia] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ Selusin Gagasan tentang Wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Koordinasi Antarpemangku Kepentingan bersama Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Gugur 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 28–30 Oktober 2025 di Hannover, Jerman. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Anda dapat mengajukan sesi dan mendaftar untuk berpartisipasi dalam acara ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juli 2025 00.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting kini dapat mengaktifkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|Kartu Info Pengguna]] (''User Info Card''). Fitur ini menambahkan sebuah ikon di samping nama pengguna dalam halaman riwayat dan halaman log kontribusi pengguna. Ketika ikon tersebut diklik atau diketuk, informasi tentang akun tersebut akan ditampilkan, seperti jumlah suntingan, jumlah suntingan yang dibatalkan, pemblokiran, dan lainnya. Fitur ini merupakan bagian dari proyek yang lebih luas untuk memudahkan para moderator menilai tingkat kepercayaan suatu akun. Fitur ini dapat diaktifkan melalui [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferensi global Anda]], dan akan tersedia di preferensi lokal dalam beberapa hari ke depan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Silakan sampaikan komentar Anda mengenai proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Kontribusi Kolaboratif]] (''Collaborative Contributions'') yang baru diluncurkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|tim Connection]]. Proyek ini bertujuan menghadirkan cara baru untuk menampilkan dampak dari kegiatan penyuntingan bersama, seperti menyunting bersama (''edit-a-thon''), penyelesaian timbunan tugas, dan ProyekWiki di wiki. Komentar Anda dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|halaman pembicaraan proyeknya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Para pengurus kini dapat menetapkan jangka waktu pemblokiran standar untuk akun sementara. Untuk melakukannya, halaman bernama <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> perlu dibuat terlebih dahulu dan mengisinya dengan salah satu nilai yang tersedia di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. Pengaturan ini memungkinkan pengurus memblokir akun sementara selama 90 hari dengan mudah, yang secara fungsional setara dengan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu. Keuntungan dari pendekatan ini adalah daftar pemblokiran di Special:BlockList tidak menjadi penuh. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|Dokumentasi lebih lanjut]] telah tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sekarang gawai dapat menggunakan berkas <code dir=ltr>.vue</code>, yang mempermudah pengembangan antarmuka modern dengan [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]]. Ini sangat membantu terutama bagi yang ingin memanfaatkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], yaitu sistem desain resmi Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Ikon Codex]] juga bisa dimuat langsung melalui definisi gawainya. Untuk skrip pengguna yang menggunakan Vue.js, tersedia [[mw:API:CodexIcons|modul API]] baru untuk memuat ikon Codex. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|Dokumentasi]] lengkap beserta contoh penggunaan dapat ditemukan di halaman yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Pengembang modul kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|antarmuka Lua]] untuk mempermudah penyiapan modul Lua agar dapat diterjemahkan di Meta-Wiki. Pembaruan ini memudahkan penerjemah dalam menemukan dan mengedit teks dalam modul tanpa harus berurusan langsung dengan kode Lua mentah, serta membantu mencegah kesalahan yang dapat merusak modul saat diterjemahkan. Pengembang modul dan penerjemah diundang untuk [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|menonton video peraga]], membaca informasi lebih lanjut tentang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|modul yang dapat diterjemahkan]], melihat contoh penggunaan di [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] di Meta-Wiki, dan [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|memberikan masukan]] apakah fitur ini membantu mengatasi tantangan dalam alur kerja mereka. Namun, antarmuka ini masih memiliki beberapa masalah kinerja sehingga belum disarankan untuk digunakan pada modul-modul yang dipakai secara luas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Mulai Agustus, [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] akan diterapkan lebih ketat karena adanya perayap (''crawler'') eksternal yang [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|membebani]] sumber daya Wikimedia secara berlebihan. Para pengembang perkakas eksternal yang mengakses halaman Wikimedia wajib menetapkan ''user-agent'' yang sesuai dengan kebijakan tersebut. Perkakas yang dijalankan di Toolforge atau Cloud VPS Wikimedia untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak, tetapi tetap dianjurkan untuk mengatur ''user-agent'' yang benar. [[phab:T400119|Informasi teknis lebih lanjut telah tersedia]], dan pertanyaan-pertanyaan dapat diajukan melalui tugas yang bersangkutan. * Parsoid Read Views akan mulai diterapkan di beberapa Wikipedia berukuran kecil dalam beberapa minggu ke depan, menyusul keberhasilan transisi Wikivoyage dan Wiktionary ke Parsoid Read Views. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan kunjungi halaman proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 6–9 Agustus. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ Program acara sudah diumumkan] sehingga Anda dapat merencanakan sesi mana yang ingin ditonton. Sebagian besar sesi akan disiarkan secara langsung, kecuali yang ditandai dengan ikon "tanpa kamera". Jika Anda ingin bergabung secara daring untuk menonton siaran langsung dan menggunakan fitur interaktif, silakan [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|mendaftar]] untuk mendapatkan tiket virtual gratis. Beberapa sesi teknis yang mungkin menarik bagi Anda, antara lain: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Infrastruktur pengetahuan Wikimedia di tengah perubahan internet: Membangun jalur berkelanjutan untuk penggunaan ulang konten] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions akan segera hadir di wiki Anda!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Membentuk Masa Depan Pengalaman Pembaca Wikipedia] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Membuat Wikipedia Lebih Nyaman Dibaca: Langkah Selanjutnya] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Agustus 2025 03.39 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Bilah perkakas WikiEditor kini akan menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|pintasan papan tik]] pada keterangan (''tooltip'') setiap tombolnya. Hal ini membantu pengguna lebih mudah mengetahui dan menggunakan fitur tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan sejumlah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|usulan percobaan]] yang dapat dilakukan oleh Wikimedia Foundation untuk meningkatkan komunikasi dengan komunitas. Masukan terhadap usulan ini dapat disampaikan hingga 22 Agustus di [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Bilah pencarian pada tampilan Minerva (versi seluler) telah diperbarui untuk menggunakan komponen pencarian dengan saran otomatis yang sama seperti yang digunakan pada tampilan Vector 2022. Tidak ada perubahan pada fungsi pencarian. Namun, terdapat sedikit perubahan tampilan. Secara khusus, tombol untuk menutup pencarian kini berubah dari ikon "X" menjadi panah kembali. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk membedakan tombol tersebut dari ikon "X" lainnya yang digunakan untuk menghapus teks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Para penyunting di beberapa wiki akan melihat tombol baru untuk mengaktifkan opsi "Kelompokkan hasil berdasarkan halaman" di halaman daftar pantauan, perubahan terkait, dan perubahan terbaru. Ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|uji coba A/B]] yang dijadwalkan mulai pada 11 Agustus dan akan berlangsung selama 3 hingga 6 minggu di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Mandarin, Ceko, Prancis, Yunani, Portugis, dan Urdu. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah membuat fitur ini lebih mudah ditemukan dapat memengaruhi kemampuan penyunting dalam menemukan suntingan yang mereka cari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kumpulan [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|data Unicode]] lintas wiki telah dipindahkan ke [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] di Wikimedia Commons, sesuai dengan gagasan "Satu sumber data bersama untuk berbagai wiki lokal". Sebagian besar wiki telah diperbarui untuk menggunakan versi yang ada di Commons. Jika memiliki pertanyaan, Anda dapat mengajukannya di [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|halaman pembicaraan]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Kode Lua kini dapat menampilkan lebih dari satu peringatan menggunakan fungsi <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code>. Sebelumnya, peringatan baru akan menggantikan peringatan lama, tetapi sekarang beberapa peringatan dapat ditampilkan sekaligus. Jika Anda mengelola modul Lua yang menggunakan peringatan, disarankan untuk memeriksa kembali apakah modul tersebut masih berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Agustus 2025 23.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pada pekan ini, pengguna yang masuk log dan mengaktifkan [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Fitur Beta]] "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Perkakas Diskusi]]" akan dapat mengucapkan "Terima kasih" pada komentar tertentu langsung di halaman pembicaraan, tanpa harus membuka riwayat halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Cari tahu lebih lanjut mengenai fitur ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * Uji A/B yang membandingkan dua versi pranala donasi di desktop telah diluncurkan di testwiki pada 12 Agustus dan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada 14 Agustus, untuk 0,1% pengguna yang tidak masuk log di situs desktop. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama tiga pekan dan berakhir pada 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * Uji A/A untuk mengukur dasar tingkat keterlibatan pembaca telah diluncurkan pada 12 Agustus menggunakan [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. Percobaan ini mengukur persentase pengguna yang kembali mengunjungi wiki setelah kunjungan pertama mereka dalam kurun waktu 14 hari. Tidak ada perubahan tampilan yang diharapkan. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung hingga 31 Agustus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Lima wiki baru telah dirilis: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/id}} dalam [[d:Q34057|bahasa Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/id}} dalam [[d:Q36213|bahasa Madura]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q3450749|bahasa Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/id}} dalam [[d:Q13324|bahasa Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q7598268|bahasa Amazigh Maroko Standar]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:46}} {{PLURAL:46|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Agustus 2025 00.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para pembuat templat kini dapat menggunakan lebih banyak properti CSS karena pemindai CSS yang digunakan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] telah diperbarui. Contohnya: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>, satuan relatif seperti <code>lh</code>, dan teks yang dapat disesuaikan <code>list-style-type</code>. Perbaikan ini merupakan bagian dari usulan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * Pada wiki berukuran besar, jangka waktu bawaan untuk menampilkan suntingan di halaman Special:RecentChanges kini diubah dari 7 hari menjadi 1 hari. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya meningkatkan kinerja dan tidak akan memengaruhi pengalaman pengguna karena volume suntingan di wiki tersebut sangat tinggi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Para pengurus kini dapat membuka halaman [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] melalui daftar halaman [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]]. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan halaman tersebut untuk ditemukan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Video-video yang ada di Wikimedia Commons sebelumnya tidak muncul pada tab Video di Google Penelusuran. Masalah ini telah diteliti dan dilaporkan kepada Google, dan kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q33014|bahasa Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:39}} {{PLURAL:39|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Dua kolom pada tabel [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|basis data recentchanges]] akan dihapus. Kolom <code>rc_new</code> dan <code>rc_type</code> akan digantikan dengan <code>rc_source</code>. Mulai pekan ini, permintaan yang masih menggunakan kolom lama tersebut akan gagal sehingga pengembang perlu beralih ke <code>rc_source</code>. Kolom lama itu sudah dinyatakan usang lebih dari 10 tahun lalu dan seharusnya tidak lagi digunakan. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya meningkatkan kinerja dan kestabilan permintaan pada tabel recentchanges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Nawala triwulanan Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] kini sudah tersedia. Edisi ini berisi tentang dukungan bahasa baru di MediaWiki dan translatewiki, dimulainya proyek Pengenalan dan Pengembangan Bahasa untuk mendukung pertumbuhan wiki baru dan kecil, kabar terbaru dari berbagai proyek penelitian, serta informasi lainnya. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa]] berikutnya akan berlangsung pada 29 Agustus [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Pertemuan minggu ini akan membahas pengembang papan ketik Avro dari Wikimedia Bangladesh yang baru-baru ini meraih penghargaan nasional atas kontribusi mereka terhadap papan ketik tersebut, dan topik lainnya. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Agustus 2025 00.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') ingin menyusun daftar templat, istilah khusus, dan kebijakan yang biasanya digunakan dalam ringkasan suntingan ketika ada pelanggaran hak cipta yang dihapus. Daftar ini akan membantu mereka mengetahui jumlah suntingan yang dibatalkan karena masalah hak cipta. Kami mengundang anggota komunitas dari wiki berikut untuk mencantumkan istilah-istilah tersebut di [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], atau berbagi daftarnya kepada [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/id}}. Proyek ini berlangsung hingga 9 September 2025. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] kini telah diaktifkan di semua Wikisource. Ekstensi ini akan memudahkan penyelenggaraan dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan kolaborasi, seperti menyunting bersama (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki di proyek-proyek tersebut. Ekstensi ini memiliki tiga fitur utama: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]]. Untuk mengajukan permintaan agar ekstensi ini diaktifkan di wiki Anda, silakan kunjungi halaman Deployment information. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * Daftar yang ada di bagian bawah antarmuka penyuntingan, seperti "Templat yang digunakan di halaman ini", kini akan ditata dalam bentuk kolom jika ruangnya mencukupi. Peningkatan ini membantu mengurangi kebutuhan menggulir layar saat menyunting artikel panjang di Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * Pada 3 September 2025, kami akan menaikkan persentase pengambilan sampel dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|uji coba pengelompokan dengan tombol pilihan]] di halaman <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, dan <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> di Wikipedia bahasa Tionghoa, Prancis, dan Portugis menjadi 100 persen sehingga lebih banyak penyunting dapat ikut serta dalam percobaan ini. Penyesuaian ini bertujuan agar tersedia cukup data untuk membuat keputusan yang lebih tepat saat mengevaluasi hasil percobaan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Mulai pekan 22 September, pengguna yang belum masuk log akan melihat saran artikel saat mengklik bilah pencarian kosong di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Fitur ini tersedia di komputer dan ponsel. Wiki yang menggunakan bahasa selain bahasa Inggris telah menerima perubahan ini pada Juni dan Juli. Tujuan fitur ini adalah membantu pengguna lebih mudah dalam menemukan artikel. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:37}} {{PLURAL:37|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Wikifunctions kini memiliki kemampuan baru bernama "tipe enumerasi ringan". Tipe enumerasi merupakan sekumpulan nilai tetap yang ditentukan dalam definisi sebuah tipe. Fitur ini membuat pembuatan tipe semacam itu menjadi lebih cepat dan sederhana, serta memungkinkan penggunaan kembali nilai yang sudah tersedia di Wikidata. Berikut ini adalah [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|nawala]] untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Nawala Pembaca (''Readers'')]] terbaru kini sudah tersedia. Edisi kali ini mencakup pembentukan dua tim baru: Pertumbuhan Pembaca dan Pengalaman Pembaca; wawasan tentang penurunan jumlah tayangan halaman dan pembuatan akun; sorotan dari panel Wikimania Nairobi mengenai peningkatan pengalaman membaca; rencana percobaan untuk melibatkan pembaca baru maupun lama; dan berbagai informasi lainnya. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Sorotan beberapa sesi di Wikimania 2025: ** Mengenali teks yang dibuat oleh AI dengan mencari ISBN yang gagal dalam pemeriksaan ceksum (''checksum''): Mathias Schindler dari WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s berbagi perkakas untuk membantu komunitas dalam melakukan pencarian ini]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ ''La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs'' (Keberlanjutan gerakan Wikimedia menghadapi tantangan saat ini dan di masa depan)]: Sesi ini membahas bagaimana Wikimedia dapat tetap menjadi sumber pengetahuan yang tepercaya di tengah era AI generatif, banjir informasi, dan disinformasi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Séptémber 2025 20.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan sedang menyiapkan fitur baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]]. Fitur ini akan memberi peringatan kepada pengguna baru ketika mereka menempelkan teks ke Wikipedia bahwa isi tersebut mungkin tidak bisa diterima. Tujuannya adalah membantu memastikan konten baru yang ditambahkan sesuai dengan komitmen gerakan untuk menyediakan informasi berlisensi bebas. Uji coba fitur ini akan segera dilakukan di beberapa wiki. Jika komunitas Anda ingin ikut serta, silakan [[phab:T403680|sampaikan melalui tugas ini]] atau [[mw:Talk:Edit check|hubungi tim terkait]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dalam pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" dapat memakai [[w:en:Lint (software)|perkakas pemeriksa]] untuk menampilkan kesalahan atau masalah lain dalam teks wiki secara langsung. Silakan kunjungi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|halaman bantuan untuk informasi selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Saat mengakses wiki, misalnya <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>, halaman biasanya muncul dalam dua bentuk: versi desktop atau dialihkan ke versi seluler di domain dengan huruf "m" (seperti <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Dalam tiga pekan ke depan, MediaWiki akan menayangkan versi seluler langsung melalui domain utama tanpa perlu pengalihan. Perubahan ini tidak akan memengaruhi alamat m-dot yang sudah ada atau pilihan untuk tetap menggunakan tampilan desktop. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * Ketika sebuah suntingan mengubah kategori pada sebuah halaman, pembaruan jumlah anggota kategori kini dilakukan secara tidak langsung (asinkron). Cara ini membuat penyimpanan suntingan menjadi lebih cepat, terutama saat banyak halaman dipindahkan ke atau dari kategori yang sama, serta mengurangi risiko gangguan pada situs. Namun, jumlah yang ditampilkan mungkin masih memuat informasi lama selama beberapa menit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Suntingan di Wikidata pada penjelas (atribut dan nilai) maupun referensi (atribut dan nilai) dalam sebuah pernyataan kini tidak lagi muncul di halaman Perubahan Terbaru atau Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain. Perubahan ini hanya sementara untuk memperbaiki kinerja sambil menunggu solusi lain. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tetap tidak berubah. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Wiki-wiki berbahasa Jepang telah mendapatkan peningkatan besar pada cara kerja fitur pencariannya. Pencarian yang baru ini umumnya akan memberikan hasil yang lebih tepat dan lebih relevan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Séptémber 2025 01.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Daftar referensi yang dibuat dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> kini akan otomatis ditampilkan dalam bentuk kolom pada tampilan Vector 2022, jika pembaca menggunakan pengaturan "standar" untuk ukuran teks dan lebar halaman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Mulai pekan 6 Oktober, pada [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|wiki kecil]] dan [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|menengah]] yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|ekstensi CampaignEvents]], semua pengguna dengan status terkonfirmasi otomatis dapat menjadi penyelenggara melalui fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]]. Untuk [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|wiki berukuran besar]], perubahan hanya berlaku jika diajukan melalui Phabricator. Langkah ini bertujuan memudahkan lebih banyak orang memakai Pendaftaran Acara, terutama di wiki yang belum memiliki aturan khusus tentang hak Penyelenggara Acara. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Pengguna yang melakukan pencarian dengan ekspresi reguler (regex) kini dapat menggunakan fitur tambahan, antara lain: ** untuk kata kunci <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code>: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metakarakter]] penanda awal baris (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) dan akhir baris (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** untuk kata kunci <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> dan <code dir=ltr>insource:</code>: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|kelas karakter singkat]] untuk angka (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), spasi kosong (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), dan huruf/angka (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|kode untuk pindah baris]] (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), baris baru (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tabulasi (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), dan Unicode (misalnya <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * Saat Anda mencari teks yang menyerupai alamat IP, sistem sekarang akan menampilkan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, pencarian tersebut langsung mengarahkan ke kontribusi dari alamat IP tersebut, alih-alih menampilkan hasil pencariannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Semua wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya baca]] selama beberapa menit pada 24 September. Jadwal ini direncanakan pada pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan untuk uji coba cadangan pemindahan peladen pusat data yang berlangsung dua kali dalam setahun. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|membaca latar belakang dan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai proses ini di blog Diff]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, ada kekutu perangkat lunak yang membuat masalah saat pengguna memakai tab halaman untuk pindah dari menyunting teks wiki ke penyunting VisualEditor pada sebuah bagian. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang merancang ulang REST API Sandbox Wikimedia dengan Codex. Jika Anda memiliki masukan tentang cara meningkatkan dokumentasi API atau hal-hal yang membuat pengalaman pengembang lebih mudah (atau justru menyulitkan), Anda diundang untuk [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm ikut serta dalam wawancara penjajakan yang akan datang], atau [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|menyampaikan masukan di wiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Penyuntingan alias di Wikidata (nama lain untuk sebuah butir atau properti) kini akan lebih jarang ditampilkan di Perubahan Terbaru dan Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain sehingga mengurangi pemberitahuan yang tidak perlu. Dengan demikian, jumlah entri yang dianggap "berisik" akan berkurang. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tidak mengalami perubahan. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * Versi baru [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] telah dirilis. [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Kumpulan data]] di Wikimedia Commons untuk [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] sudah diperbarui. Wikipedia yang tidak menggunakan kumpulan data dari Commons sebaiknya memperbarui data mereka sendiri atau beralih menggunakan kumpulan data dari Commons. * Pengguna titik akhir [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents kini dapat mengakses [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Tabel Terurai] (''Parsed Tables''). Fitur baru ini mengekstrak dan menyajikan tabel Wikipedia dalam bentuk JSON terstruktur. Hal ini meningkatkan keterbacaan oleh mesin sebagai bagian dari [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ inisiatif Structured Contents]. Hasil dari ''Structured Contents'' tersedia secara gratis melalui [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta API sesuai permintaan], atau melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia. * [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset Sekumpulan data berisi informasi biografi dari Wikipedia bahasa Inggris] yang disediakan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] telah diterbitkan di Kaggle untuk keperluan evaluasi dan penelitian. Data terstruktur ini mencakup lebih dari 1,5 juta biografi, termasuk tanggal lahir dan meninggal, riwayat pendidikan, afiliasi, karier, penghargaan, dan lain-lain (berdasarkan cuplikan data bulan Juni 2024). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Pendaftaran beasiswa]] Wikimania 2026 di Paris, Prancis, telah dibuka hingga 31 Oktober. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Séptémber 2025 17.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 Pada 24 September pukul 15.00 UTC], semua pengguna situs Wikimedia akan mengalami jeda singkat, di mana situs hanya dapat dibaca karena adanya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|pengalihan peladen pusat data]] yang terjadwal. Tim Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) dari Wikimedia Foundation akan mengalihkan seluruh lalu lintas dari peladen utama ke peladen cadangan. Anda dapat mendengarkan proses pengalihan ini melalui perkakas [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"], di mana selama beberapa menit suntingan akan berhenti saat fase hanya-baca, lalu akan kembali berlanjut. Pengalihan pusat data yang dilakukan dua kali setahun ini bertujuan menjaga keandalan dengan menguji pusat data cadangan, sehingga situs tetap dapat diakses meskipun pusat data utama mengalami gangguan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai proses ini dapat [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|dibaca di blog Diff]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting di [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 Wiktionary lainnya]] akan segera dapat memanggil [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|berbagai fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] dan menggunakannya di halaman mereka. Fungsi ini bekerja dengan menerima satu atau beberapa masukan lalu mengubahnya menjadi keluaran yang diinginkan, misalnya menjumlahkan angka, mengonversi mil ke meter, menghitung selisih waktu, atau mengubah kata sesuai bentuk kasusnya. Fitur tersebut merupakan kelanjutan dari [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary bahasa lain]] yang sudah lebih dulu memiliki akses terhadap pemanggilan Wikifunctions secara langsung. Pada akhir tahun ini, akses tersebut juga akan diperluas ke lebih banyak Wiktionary dan ke Incubator. * Sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|fungsi pengurai]] baru telah ditambahkan: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Penyunting templat dan pengurus dapat menggunakannya untuk menampilkan nama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|model konten]] sebuah halaman, baik dalam bentuk yang sudah diterjemahkan maupun dalam nama bakunya. Fungsi ini mempermudah pembuatan dan penyuntingan pesan sistem, seperti ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', bahkan ketika jenis halaman berganti, misalnya antarhalaman wiki, JavaScript, CSS, atau JSON. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Menambah atau menyunting <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> dalam sebuah artikel dengan menggunakan VisualEditor kini tidak lagi bermasalah. Penyunting yang menggunakan mode VisualEditor untuk mengubah <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> tidak akan melihat teks "DISPLAYTITLE" secara langsung, atau padanan katanya dalam bahasa lokal, yang ditambahkan ke artikelnya. Daftar halaman yang kemungkinan terdampak dan mungkin perlu diperbaiki telah didokumentasikan di [[phab:P83438|tiket ini]]. * Pengguna beta aplikasi Wikipedia di Android sekarang bisa mencoba tampilan baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|tab Aktivitas]], yang menggantikan tab Suntingan. Melalui tab ini, pengguna dapat melihat ringkasan pribadi seputar kegiatan membaca, menyunting, dan berdonasi, dengan navigasi yang lebih sederhana dan pengalaman aplikasi yang lebih menyenangkan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:12}} {{PLURAL:12|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Pengguna Wikifunctions kini dapat mengimpor berbagai data penting dari Wikidata, seperti nilai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|koordinat geografis]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|besaran]], dan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|waktu]]. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat penambahan jenis data khusus di Wikifunctions untuk nilai-nilai tersebut, sehingga dapat digunakan oleh fungsi-fungsi di dalam Wikifunctions. Untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut cara kerjanya, Anda dapat menonton [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|video penjelasan]] serta membaca nawala Wikifunctions [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|1 Agustus]] (tentang besaran) dan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|22 Agustus]] (tentang koordinat geografis). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 Séptémber 2025 22.54 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[phab:|Phabricator]] baru saja mendapatkan pembaruan besar. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kinerja, tampilan pencarian yang lebih segar, pencarian tugas di Maniphest yang lebih baik, pembaruan pada profil pengguna dan papan kerja proyek, fitur otomatisasi Herald yang diperluas, serta perbaikan umum pada kolom masukan teks, pengalaman di perangkat seluler, dan berbagai peningkatan lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Teknologi Komunitas (''Community Tech'') akan merilis ekstensi baru Community Wishlist pada 1 Oktober, yang akan meningkatkan cara pengajuan usulan. Ekstensi baru ini memungkinkan pengguna menambahkan tag atau penanda pada usulan mereka agar lebih mudah dikategorikan, dan (pada pengembangan berikutnya) dapat disaring berdasarkan status, tag, serta bidang fokus. Pengguna juga akan kembali dapat mendukung usulan tertentu, seperti yang telah banyak diminta komunitas. Sistem lama akan dihentikan. Akan ada jeda singkat saat ekstensi ini dipasang dan usulan dipindahkan ke sistem baru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dibaca pada [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|kabar terbaru]] atau melalui [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|dokumentasi yang tersedia di MediaWiki]]. * Sebagaimana diumumkan di [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|blog Diff]], uji coba layanan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] untuk deteksi bot kini telah dimulai. Dalam uji coba ini, hCaptcha digunakan untuk melindungi proses pembuatan akun di Wikipedia bahasa Tionghoa, Persia, Portugis, Indonesia, Jepang, dan Turki, menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] lama (FancyCaptcha). Uji coba ini bertujuan meningkatkan efektivitas pemblokiran bot sekaligus memberikan pengalaman yang lebih mudah diakses dan ramah bagi pengguna yang harus menyelesaikan tantangan CAPTCHA. * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] telah diterapkan di Wikimedia Commons. Ekstensi ini memudahkan penyelenggaraan dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan kolaboratif, seperti maraton menyunting (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki di berbagai wiki. Di Commons, setiap pengguna terdaftar dapat menggunakannya sebagai peserta acara. Namun, untuk berperan sebagai penyelenggara, seseorang perlu memiliki [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|hak sebagai penyelenggara acara]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], fitur baru untuk menggunakan ulang referensi dengan detail yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. Fitur ini dapat [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|diuji di testwiki]] dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Silakan bagikan pendapat Anda mengenai [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|penggunaan templat dalam subreferensi]] atau [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|bergabung menjadi wiki uji coba]]. * Di wiki yang menggunakan sistem [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]], komunitas kini dapat mengecualikan penyunting berpengalaman dari program Mentorship melalui [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Dalam pengaturan ini, komunitas dapat menentukan batasan berdasarkan jumlah suntingan dan usia akun untuk menetapkan kapan seorang penyunting dianggap cukup berpengalaman sehingga tidak lagi menerima pendampingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * Tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') dan tim Pembelajaran Mesin (''Machine Learning'') sedang mengembangkan pemeriksaan baru untuk penyunting baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Pemeriksa Nada Bahasa]]. Dengan menggunakan model prediksi berbasis kecerdasan buatan, pemeriksaan ini akan mendorong penyunting memperbaiki nada tulisan mereka. Kami mengundang sukarelawan untuk meninjau versi pertama dari model bahasa nada bahasa dalam bahasa-bahasa berikut: Arab, Ceko, Jerman, Ibrani, Indonesia, Belanda, Polandia, Rusia, Turki, Tionghoa, Persia, Italia, Norwegia, Rumania, dan Latvia. Pengguna dari wiki-wiki tersebut yang berminat meninjau model ini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|mendaftar di MediaWiki.org]]. Batas waktu pendaftaran adalah 3 Oktober, yang juga menjadi tanggal dimulainya uji coba. * Penerapan [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|pemblokiran simultan]] (''multiblocks'') menyebabkan efek samping, di mana log pemblokiran yang sudah tidak aktif mungkin muncul di {{#special:Contributions}} serta di halaman pengguna dan halaman diskusi pengguna yang diblokir. Masalah ini diperkirakan akan selesai sepenuhnya dalam beberapa hari ke depan. Sebagai bagian dari perbaikan, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} pesan dengan awalan <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] akan dihapus dan diganti dengan [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} pesan berawalan <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] dalam beberapa pekan ke depan. Mohon bantuannya untuk menerjemahkan pesan-pesan baru ini dan memperbarui pengaturan lokal jika diperlukan. * Telah ditemukan kekutu pada pranala yang dibuat menggunakan penyunting visual jika mengandung karakter seperti <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> setelah penunjuk bagian (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). Pranala tersebut tidak dikodekan dengan benar sehingga menghasilkan pranala yang salah. Masalah ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * Sebuah wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/id}} dalam [[d:Q9237|bahasa Melayu]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|Kartu Info Pengguna]] kini menampilkan pemblokiran atau penguncian global yang sedang aktif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada akhir pekan ini, penyunting yang memakai modul Lua akan dapat menggunakan fungsi <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> untuk memeriksa keberadaan hingga 25 halaman sekaligus, tanpa menambah beban [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|fungsi yang memakan sumber daya]] (''expensive function'') lebih dari sekali. * Sebuah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] (''Unsupported Tools Working Group'') baru telah dibentuk sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk menentukan prioritas pekerjaan teknis secara kolektif, mirip dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk & Teknologi]] (PTAC). Kelompok kerja ini akan membantu memprioritaskan dan meninjau permintaan dukungan untuk ekstensi, gawai, bot, dan perkakas yang tidak lagi dipelihara. Pada siklus pertama, kelompok ini akan memprioritaskan sebuah perkakas Wikimedia Commons yang tidak didukung. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Séptémber 2025 20.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Pemeriksa Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') merupakan fitur baru dalam Pemeriksa Suntingan yang membantu mencegah dan menanggulangi pelanggaran hak cipta. Saat penyunting menempelkan teks ke dalam artikel, Pemeriksa Tempel akan meminta mereka untuk mengonfirmasi sumber dan lisensi dari isi tersebut. Mulai Rabu, 8 Oktober, [[phab:T403680|sebanyak 22 wiki akan menguji fitur ini]]. Pemeriksa Tempel akan membantu para sukarelawan baru memahami serta mengikuti kebijakan dan pedoman yang diperlukan untuk memberikan kontribusi yang bermanfaat bagi proyek-proyek Wikipedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Perangkat seluler kini akan menerima artikel versi seluler langsung melalui domain standar (misalnya <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), tanpa pengalihan ke domain "m" (seperti <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Perubahan ini meningkatkan kinerja akses. Pada pekan ini, fitur tersebut akan diaktifkan di seluruh Wikipedia. Alamat URL seluler yang sudah ada dan opsi "Tampilan desktop" tetap tersedia. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|Penyaring tanggal]] baru, yaitu <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> dan <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, kini tersedia di mesin pencari wiki. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyaring hasil pencarian berdasarkan tanggal suntingan pertama atau terakhir suatu halaman. Penyaring ini mendukung operator perbandingan (misalnya <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) dan tanggal relatif (misalnya <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>) sehingga memudahkan pengguna menemukan konten yang baru diperbarui atau halaman dalam rentang waktu tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] kini mendukung teks berformat (''rich text'') dalam pemanggilan tertanam di 150 wiki tempat fitur ini telah diaktifkan. Untuk menunjukkan kemampuannya, tim membuat [[f:Z26333|tabel deklinasi Latin]] yang dapat digunakan oleh para penyunting Wiktionary untuk secara otomatis menghasilkan bentuk kata benda dengan hasil yang jelas dan terformat; lihat [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|contoh hasilnya]]. Jika memerlukan bantuan atau ingin memberikan masukan, silakan hubungi [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|Tim Wikifunctions]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * Pranala sunting kini akan muncul di dalam kotak kategori pada halaman artikel bagi pengguna yang masuk log. Pranala ini akan langsung membuka dialog kategori di VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pekan lalu sempat terjadi masalah saat mengunduh berkas PDF, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kolom <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> pada tabel basis data ''revision'' akan dihapus dan digantikan dengan kolom <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> pada tabel basis data ''content''. Lihat [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ pengumumannya] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Pengalaman Pembaca]] (''Reader Experience'') akan menerapkan antarmuka Mode Gelap di seluruh situs Wikimedia mulai 29 Oktober 2025. Nantinya, semua pengguna anonim dapat memilih tampilan dengan teks terang di atas latar belakang gelap. Fitur ini dibuat untuk memberikan pengalaman membaca yang lebih nyaman, terutama saat berada di lingkungan dengan pencahayaan redup. Pembuat templat dan kontributor teknis diimbau [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|mempelajari cara menyesuaikan halaman agar mendukung Mode Gelap]] serta memperbaiki masalah kesesuaian pada templat di wiki masing-masing sebelum fitur ini diaktifkan. Untuk pertanyaan atau bantuan, silakan menghubungi Tim Web melalui [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|halaman pembicaraan]] sebelum peluncuran. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Mulai Senin, 6 Oktober, titik akhir API di bawah jalur <code>rest.php</code> akan dialihkan melalui ''API Gateway'' internal yang baru. Pembaruan akan dilakukan secara bertahap pada setiap wiki sesuai dengan kelompok rilis standar, dan peningkatan lalu lintas akan dilakukan secara bertahap pula. Perubahan ini diperkirakan tidak akan menimbulkan gangguan atau ketidakcocokan. Jika ditemukan masalah, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator ke [[phab:tag/serviceops/|papan proyek tim Operasi Layanan (''Service Ops'')]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Oktober 2025 17.22 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pada pekan lalu, sistem keamanan akun dan fitur autentikasi dua langkah (2FA) telah diperbarui di seluruh wiki. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan tampilan pada halaman [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], dukungan untuk lebih dari satu metode 2FA melalui aplikasi autentikator dan kunci keamanan portabel (sebelumnya hanya satu metode yang bisa digunakan), serta penambahan modul ''Recovery Codes'' yang membantu mencegah akun terkunci saat pengguna kehilangan aplikasi atau perangkat autentikasi dua langkahnya. Sebagai bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|keamanan akun]], pengembangan akan terus berlanjut hingga akhir tahun 2025 untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna dan menambahkan dukungan ''passkey'' sebagai faktor kedua alternatif. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Bagian lain dari proyek keamanan akun adalah menyediakan fitur autentikasi dua langkah (2FA) untuk semua pengguna. Selain penyunting dengan hak istimewa lanjutan, seperti pengurus dan birokrat, kini 40% penyunting sudah dapat mengakses fitur 2FA. Anda dapat memeriksa apakah Anda memiliki akses melalui halaman [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Petunjuk untuk mengaktifkannya tersedia di halaman tersebut. Rencananya, ketersediaan fitur ini akan terus diperluas apabila dinilai bahwa dukungan bagi pengguna sudah memadai untuk penerapan secara global. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * Minggu ini, pengguna di wiki yang telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Peningkatan Kemudahan Penggunaan]] halaman pembicaraan sebagai pengaturan standar (kecuali 12 wiki yang tercantum di [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) akan mendapatkan fitur baru untuk memberikan ucapan terima kasih langsung pada komentar di halaman pembicaraan. Sebelumnya, pengguna hanya dapat memberikan ucapan terima kasih melalui riwayat suntingan halaman pembicaraan. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang perubahan ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Pengguna yang belum [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|memverifikasi alamat surel]] akan segera menerima pengingat setiap bulan untuk melakukannya. Verifikasi surel merupakan hal penting karena memudahkan proses pemulihan akun. Pengingat ini tidak akan dikirim kepada pengguna yang tidak aktif atau yang telah menghapus alamat surel yang belum diverifikasi dari akunnya. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, perbaikan telah dilakukan terhadap kesalahan yang kadang terjadi saat menyimpan paragraf terjemahan di perkakas Terjemahan Konten (''Content Translation''), dan pesan kesalahan yang terkait kini ditampilkan dengan lebih jelas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung telah memilih [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] sebagai perkakas pertama untuk siklus percobaannya. Dalam beberapa bulan mendatang, kelompok ini akan meninjau cara untuk meningkatkan dan menjaga keberlanjutan perkakas tersebut. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Oktober 2025 18.58 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyimpanan data pengguna dalam basis data, preferensi yang tersimpan dari pengguna yang tidak masuk log selama lebih dari lima tahun dan memiliki kurang dari 100 suntingan akan dihapus. Saat pengguna tersebut kembali, pengaturan standar akan diberlakukan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pranala yang rusak dari pesan antarmuka GlobalContributions menuju halaman XTools GlobalContributions telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Proses pengalihan seluruh lalu lintas ke titik akhir API di bawah jalur <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> melalui gerbang API umum telah selesai. Jika ditemukan masalah, harap ajukan tiket Phabricator ke [[phab:tag/serviceops/|papan tim Operasi Layanan]]. * Suntingan pada referensi atau penjelas di Wikidata kini akan lebih jarang ditampilkan dalam entri Perubahan Terbaru dan Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain, guna mengurangi notifikasi yang tidak perlu. Hal ini akan mengurangi jumlah entri yang dianggap mengganggu. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 Oktober 2025 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS sedang menguji fitur baru bernama "Tab yang Lebih Dinamis" untuk beberapa wilayah dan bahasa tertentu. Uji coba ini merupakan bagian dari pengembangan tampilan tab yang lebih interaktif, dan mencakup rekomendasi artikel seperti "Tahukah Anda" dan "Karena Anda Membaca". Informasi lebih lanjut [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|tersedia di halaman proyeknya]]. * Pengguna terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') di wiki [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|berukuran kecil]] dan [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|menengah]] yang menggunakan ekstensi CampaignEvents kini dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] tanpa perlu memiliki hak sebagai Penyelenggara Acara (''Event Organizer''). Fitur ini memungkinkan penyelenggara untuk mengaktifkan pendaftaran, mengelola peserta, dan memudahkan pengguna untuk mendaftar hanya dengan satu klik, tanpa perlu menandatangani halaman acara secara manual. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah warna yang berkedip saat menahan atau menekan tombol panah dalam pengaturan mode gelap pada tampilan Vector 2022 telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Ekstensi CampaignEvents akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki yang tersisa pada pekan 17 November 2025. Saat ini, ekstensi tersebut mencakup tiga fitur utama: Pendaftaran Acara, Daftar Kolaborasi, dan Daftar Undangan. Dalam peluncuran kali ini, fitur Daftar Undangan tidak akan diaktifkan di Wikifunctions dan MediaWiki, kecuali jika diminta langsung oleh komunitas masing-masing. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|kunjungi halaman peluncurannya]]. * Pengalaman bak pasir REST berbasis SwaggerUI kini telah tersedia di semua proyek wiki. Fitur ini dapat diakses melalui halaman [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]]. Jika Anda menemukan masalah, silakan laporkan ke papan tim MediaWiki Interfaces, atau bergabung dalam diskusi di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|halaman peluncuran proyek]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Titik akhir ''transform'' pada REST API MediaWiki yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir jalur URL (''trailing slash'') kini telah dinyatakan usang. Meskipun masih dapat digunakan untuk sementara waktu, fitur ini direncanakan akan dihentikan sepenuhnya pada akhir Januari 2026. Pengguna API yang masih menggunakan versi dengan garis miring di akhir disarankan untuk segera beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring. Kedua versi titik akhir itu dapat ditemukan dan diuji melalui halaman [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai kebijakan penghentian API dan langkah-langkah yang berlaku, silakan kunjungi halaman [[mw:API/Deprecation|Penghentian REST API MediaWiki]]. * Kini tersedia [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|halaman log perubahan khusus untuk REST API MediaWiki]]. Halaman ini merangkum berbagai pembaruan yang dilakukan sehingga memudahkan pengembang untuk mengikuti perkembangan fitur dan perbaikan yang diterapkan. Pengumuman pembaruan tetap akan disampaikan melalui saluran komunikasi resmi seperti Berita Teknis dan milis. Namun, informasi tersebut juga dapat diakses dengan lebih praktis melalui satu halaman pusat. Jika Anda memiliki masukan mengenai gaya penulisan, struktur, atau isi log perubahan ini, silakan [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|bergabung dalam diskusi]] yang tersedia. * Para pengurus kini dapat menghapus kategori pelacak yang sebelumnya ditambahkan oleh ekstensi JsonConfig karena kategori tersebut sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Daftar kategori terkait dapat dilihat melalui pranala ke [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. Jika masih ada halaman yang tercantum dalam kategori tersebut, tidak masalah. Hal itu merupakan akibat dari sistem tembolok, dan daftar tersebut akan diperbarui secara otomatis saat setiap halaman disunting kembali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Oktober 2025 19.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus kini akan menemukan bahwa halaman [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] menjadi jauh lebih fleksibel dalam proses penggabungan. Sekarang, pengurus dapat menggabungkan bagian tertentu dari tengah riwayat halaman sumber (bukan hanya dari awal), dan dapat menempatkan revisi tersebut di bagian mana pun dalam riwayat halaman tujuan (bukan hanya di awal). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * Bagi pengguna yang mengaktifkan "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" di [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|preferensi mereka]], memulai topik baru atau menambahkan balasan ke topik yang sudah ada kini akan otomatis membuat mereka berlangganan balasan pada topik tersebut. Sebelumnya, hal ini hanya terjadi jika pengguna memakai fitur "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" atau "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" dari fitur DiscussionTools. Ketika DiscussionTools pertama kali diluncurkan, akun yang sudah ada sebelumnya tidak otomatis diikutsertakan dalam langganan topik otomatis, sehingga perubahan ini terutama akan berpengaruh pada akun-akun baru dan pengguna yang sejak saat itu secara sengaja mengubah pengaturannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Modul Scribunto kini dapat digunakan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|membuat gambar berformat SVG]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pembuatan bagan, grafik, dan visualisasi lainnya secara dinamis melalui bahasa Lua, sehingga tidak perlu lagi membuatnya di luar wiki dan mengunggahnya sebagai berkas terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Situs-situs Wikimedia kini menyediakan pilihan bagi semua pengguna anonim untuk mengaktifkan mode gelap, yang menampilkan teks berwarna terang di atas latar belakang gelap. Peningkatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengalaman membaca yang lebih nyaman, terutama di lingkungan dengan pencahayaan redup. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Pengguna dengan daftar pantauan yang sangat besar selama ini sering mengalami kegagalan saat mengakses halaman [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. Kini, halaman tersebut memuat entri dalam bagian-bagian kecil secara bertahap berkat pembaruan sistem pemuatan halaman, sehingga semua pengguna dapat menyunting daftar pantauannya dengan lebih lancar. Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan basis data, fitur pengurutan berdasarkan masa kedaluwarsa akan dihapus karena prosesnya lebih dari 100 kali lebih lambat dibandingkan pengurutan berdasarkan judul. Sebuah [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 usulan komunitas] telah dibuat untuk mencari cara alternatif mengembalikan fitur pengurutan berdasarkan masa kedaluwarsa. Jika fitur ini penting bagi Anda, silakan dukung usulan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, perbaikan terhadap masalah penyorotan yang tetap muncul saat menggunakan fitur pencarian dan penggantian di VisualEditor selama pencarian berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sejak tahun 2019, layanan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Pemendek URL Wikimedia]] di https://w.wiki tersedia untuk semua wiki Wikimedia guna membuat pranala pendek ke artikel, pranala permanen, perbedaan revisi, dan sebagainya. Fitur ini dapat diakses melalui bilah sisi dengan nama "Dapatkan URL pendek". Ada sekitar 30 wiki yang masih menggunakan ekstensi lama bernama "ShortUrl", dan ekstensi tersebut akan segera dihapus. Artinya, URL dengan format <code>/s/</code> tidak lagi akan ditampilkan di bawah judul artikel melalui elemen HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. Namun, pranala <code>/s/</code> yang sudah ada akan tetap berfungsi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * Pada Kamis, 30 Oktober, tim [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|Antarmuka MediaWiki]] dan tim [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Operasi Layanan SRE]] mulai mengalihkan lalu lintas ''Action API'' melalui gerbang API bersama. Setiap wiki akan diperbarui secara bertahap sesuai dengan kelompok rilis standar, dan volume lalu lintas akan ditingkatkan sedikit demi sedikit. Perubahan ini diperkirakan tidak akan menyebabkan gangguan atau kerusakan fungsi. Jika ditemukan masalah, harap buat tiket di Phabricator pada papan tim [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops]. * Penerapan pembaruan ''MediaWiki Train'' akan dihentikan sementara selama dua pekan terakhir 2025, yaitu pada 22 dan 29 Desember. Periode ''backport'' juga akan dihentikan sementara mulai Senin, 22 Desember 2025, hingga Kamis, 2 Januari 2026. Periode ''backport'' adalah waktu yang dijadwalkan untuk menambahkan pembaruan seperti perbaikan kekutu dan perubahan konfigurasi. Masih terdapat tujuh jadwal penerapan yang tersisa untuk tahun 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Pada tahun 2025, Wikimedia Foundation melaporkan bahwa sistem kecerdasan buatan (AI) dan mesin pencari semakin banyak menggunakan konten Wikipedia tanpa mengarahkan pengguna untuk mengunjungi situsnya. Hal ini berkontribusi pada penurunan 8% jumlah penayangan halaman oleh pengguna manusia dibandingkan tahun 2024. Setelah mendeteksi keberadaan bot yang menyamar sebagai pengguna manusia, Wikimedia memperbarui data lalu lintasnya untuk mencerminkan perubahan tersebut. Baca lebih lanjut tentang tren penggunaan terkini di Wikipedia melalui [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|artikel di blog Diff]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Nopémber 2025 19.33 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Tangkapan layar peningkatan tampilan yang diterapkan pada halaman pembicaraan|Contoh halaman pembicaraan dengan desain baru, dalam bahasa Prancis.]] * Mulai 12 November, pengguna akan melihat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|perubahan tampilan pada halaman pembicaraan]] di [[Phab:T379264|beberapa Wikipedia]]. Hampir [[phab:T392121|semua wiki]] telah menerima pembaruan desain ini. [[phab:T409297|Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]] akan mendapatkannya nanti. Informasi selengkapnya dapat dibaca [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|di situs Diff]]. Pengguna dapat menonaktifkan perubahan ini melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|preferensi pengguna]] di bagian "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki kini dapat menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|penanda (indikator) halaman]] secara otomatis ketika suatu halaman dilindungi. Fitur ini dinonaktifkan secara bawaan, tetapi dapat diaktifkan atas [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|permintaan komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Tombol "{{int:showpreview}}" dan "{{int:showdiff}}" pada penyunting teks wiki kini dapat mempertahankan beberapa parameter URL seperti "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]", "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]", dan "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]". Pembaruan ini juga memperbaiki masalah yang sebelumnya menyebabkan seluruh isi halaman dapat tertimpa oleh satu bagian saja apabila peramban mengalami gangguan saat pengguna meninjau pratayang suntingan pada bagian tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wiki Wikivoyage kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|penanda peta berwarna dalam teks artikel]]. Teks pada penanda tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan dalam warna hitam atau putih yang kontras, bukan selalu berwarna putih. Solusi lokal yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah ini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * Tab Aktivitas di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android kini tersedia bagi semua pengguna. Tab baru ini menampilkan wawasan yang dipersonalisasi tentang aktivitas membaca, menyunting, dan berdonasi, sekaligus memudahkan navigasi serta membuat penggunaan aplikasi menjadi lebih menarik. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca (''Reader Growth'') meluncurkan percobaan bernama "Penjelajahan gambar" untuk menguji cara memudahkan pembaca menelusuri dan menemukan gambar dalam artikel Wikipedia. Percobaan ini merupakan uji A/B yang hanya tersedia di perangkat seluler. Uji coba akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada pekan 17 November dan berlangsung selama empat minggu, dengan mencakup 0,05% pengguna di wiki tersebut. Uji coba ini telah dimulai pada 3 November di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tionghoa, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam, dengan mencakup hingga 10% pengguna di setiap wiki tersebut. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan akun tidak dapat dikunci melalui situs seluler kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Pencalonan anggota baru]] [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|komite standar Toolforge]] kini dibuka di Wikitech. Komite ini mengawasi [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|kebijakan hak untuk mencabangkan Toolforge]] dan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|kebijakan perkakas yang telantar]], serta sejumlah tugas lainnya. Masa pencalonan akan dibuka hingga 28 November 2025. * [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|Kolom penerbit JWT]] dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|token akses OAuth 2]] untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|wiki SUL]] telah diubah menjadi <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Token akses lama tetap dapat digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|Kolom subjek JWT]] dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|token akses OAuth 2]] akan segera diubah dari <code><user id></code> menjadi <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, di mana <code><identity type></code> biasanya berupa <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|wiki SUL]]) atau <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (untuk wiki lainnya). Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk menghindari benturan antara berbagai jenis ID pengguna dan untuk membuat token akses OAuth 2 lebih selaras dengan kuki <code>sessionJwt</code>. Token akses lama tetap dapat digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * Pesan pemblokiran MediaWiki ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) kini mendukung parameter tambahan yang menunjukkan apakah pengguna diblokir untuk menyunting halaman pembicaraan pengguna miliknya sendiri (<code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code>) atau untuk mengirim surel kepada pengguna lain (<code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * Cabang <code>REL1_45</code> untuk inti MediaWiki serta setiap ekstensi dan kulit di repositori git Wikimedia telah dibuat. Ini merupakan langkah pertama dalam proses rilis MediaWiki 1.45.0 yang dijadwalkan pada akhir November 2025. Jika sedang mengerjakan perbaikan bug penting atau fitur baru, Anda perlu memperhatikan perubahan ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * Proses pembuatan timbunan (''dump'') CirrusSearch telah diperbarui karena penurunan kinerja. Jika Anda mengalami kendala saat beralih ke timbunan pengganti, silakan menghubungi Tim Platform Pencarian untuk mendapatkan bantuan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Nopémber 2025 20.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menguji fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|daftar bacaan di versi web Wikipedia]] untuk perangkat seluler. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum pernah menyunting artikel, untuk menyimpan daftar artikel secara pribadi dan membacanya nanti. Uji coba ini telah berlangsung sejak pekan 10 November di Wikipedia berbahasa Arab, Mandarin, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam. Rencananya, fitur ini akan mulai diuji di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada pekan 17 November. * Pengguna yang tidak menerima kode verifikasi melalui surel saat masuk kini dapat meminta bantuan dengan mengisi formulir di halaman khusus yang baru tersedia. Pembaruan ini merupakan bagian dari inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. Jika akun Anda memiliki alamat surel, pastikan Anda masih dapat mengaksesnya. Saat masuk dari perangkat atau lokasi baru tanpa menggunakan verifikasi dua langkah (2FA), Anda mungkin diminta untuk memasukkan kode enam digit yang dikirimkan melalui surel agar proses masuk log dapat diselesaikan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Sebuah wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} dalam [[d:Q13324|bahasa Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari proyek Penyatuan Pengurai (''Parser Unification''), tim Transformasi Konten (''Content Transform team'') telah menerapkan Parsoid sebagai pengurai bawaan di berbagai Wikipedia dengan lalu lintas rendah. Saat ini, mereka sedang mempersiapkan langkah berikutnya untuk menerapkannya di Wikipedia dengan lalu lintas tinggi. Pesan ini merupakan undangan bagi Anda untuk mulai menggunakan Parsoid, sesuai dengan panduan yang dijelaskan dalam dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]]. Anda juga diharapkan untuk mengidentifikasi kendala atau masalah yang mungkin muncul dalam alur kerja Anda, terutama jika menggunakan bot, gawai (''gadget''), atau skrip pengguna. Silakan laporkan temuan Anda melalui pranala "Laporkan Kekutu Visual" (''"Report Visual Bug"'') yang tersedia di bilah sisi bagian Perkakas, atau buat tiket di Phabricator dan tandai [[phab:project/view/5846|tim Transformasi Konten dalam laporan tersebut]]. * Perkakas yang belum didukung: Beberapa masalah pada [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] telah diperbaiki, termasuk kegagalan unggah yang berhubungan dengan nama berkas, impor video yang tampil hitam, dan penanganan ulang (''retry handling''). Dukungan untuk format AV1 juga telah ditambahkan. Saat ini, pengembangan masih berlanjut dengan fokus pada kestabilan sistem belakang (''backend''), kesalahan pemrosesan ffmpeg, impor takarir, pengelolaan data tambahan, dan unggahan daftar putar. Untuk memantau tugas-tugas tertentu, silakan lihat [[phab:tag/video2commons/|papan tugas di Phabricator]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Catat tanggalnya! Wikimedia Hackathon akan berlangsung di Milan, Italia, pada 1–3 Mei 2026. Pendaftaran akan dibuka mulai Januari 2026. Saat ini, [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ pengajuan beasiswa sudah dibuka] dan akan ditutup pada 28 November 2025. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan, silakan hubungi melalui surel <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Nopémber 2025 17.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Tim Pencarian Wikimedia]] membuat ulang fungsi perkakas "DWIM" (''Do What I Mean'') di sisi peladen yang dikhususkan untuk Wikipedia bahasa Rusia dan Ibrani. Fitur ini menambahkan saran lintas papan ketik ke dalam saran kotak pencarian biasa. Misalnya, jika seseorang mencari kata ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' di Wikipedia Rusia, sistem akan menampilkan saran ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("kebahagiaan") yang mungkin sedang dicari oleh pengguna. Mereka berencana mengaktifkan fitur ini untuk wiki berbahasa Rusia dan Ibrani lainnya pada minggu ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" akan bisa melihat penyorotan sintaks di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. Untuk menggunakannya, pengaturan "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" harus diaktifkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi Campaign events]], yaitu kumpulan perkakas untuk mengoordinasikan acara dan kerja sama di wiki, sekarang sudah tersedia di semua wiki Wikimedia. Fitur baru bernama [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Kontribusi bersama]] (''Collaborative contribution'') juga ditambahkan untuk membantu penyelenggara dan peserta melihat dampak dari kegiatannya. Ikuti [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|sesi pembelajaran]] mendatang untuk melihat cara kerja fitur ini dan memberikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang menyebabkan CodeReviewBot tidak berfungsi sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengguna Wikimedia API dapat ikut serta dalam studi penggunaan untuk membantu menguji desain baru bak pasir REST API Wikimedia. Peserta yang berminat perlu mengisi [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 survei perekrutan]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan menghentikan penggunaan stylesheet XSLT di dalam Action API. Dukungan untuk <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> akan dihapus dari proyek Wikimedia pada akhir November 2025. Selain itu, fitur ini akan segera dinonaktifkan secara bawaan di versi rilis MediaWiki berikut: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, dan v1.45. Dukungan untuk stylesheet XSLT akan dihapus sepenuhnya pada MediaWiki v1.46 (diperkirakan rilis antara April–Mei 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * Titik akhir lama WDQS ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) akan dihentikan pada akhir Desember 2025, dan ditutup sepenuhnya pada 7 Januari 2026. Setelah tanggal tersebut, permintaan ke query.wikidata.org yang membutuhkan graf penuh akan gagal, atau menghasilkan hasil tidak valid, jika tidak ditulis ulang menggunakan federasi SPARQL. Tim juga mendorong pengguna untuk memastikan bahwa perkakas dan alur kerja memakai titik akhir WDQS yang didukung (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> – Graf utama, atau <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> – Graf naskah ilmiah). Untuk bantuan migrasi, silakan lihat halaman [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Akses data]] dan [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Permintaan kueri]] untuk detail serta cara akses alternatif. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Nopémber 2025 15.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025 (''Wikipedia Year in Review 2025'') akan tersedia pada 2 Desember bagi pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS dan Android. Fitur ini menampilkan wawasan baru yang dipersonalisasi, sorotan bacaan yang diperbarui, dan tampilan desain yang disegarkan. Informasi selengkapnya dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|halaman proyek]] tersebut. * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang mengupayakan perbaikan pada teks dan tampilan surel verifikasi yang dikirim kepada pengguna baru agar lebih ramah, bermanfaat, dan informatif. Sejumlah teks baru telah disiapkan untuk uji coba A/B, dan Anda dapat membantu dengan menerjemahkannya. Lihat [[phab:T396155|di Phabricator]]. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan Pranala]] (''Add a link'') akan mulai diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Jepang, Urdu, dan Tionghoa pada 2 Desember. Fitur ini bekerja menggunakan model prediksi yang menyarankan pranala untuk ditambahkan ke dalam sebuah artikel. Meskipun fitur ini sudah tersedia di sebagian besar Wikipedia, sebelumnya model prediksi tersebut belum dapat mendukung beberapa bahasa tertentu. Kini, model baru telah dikembangkan untuk menangani bahasa-bahasa tersebut dan akan diterapkan secara bertahap di Wikipedia lainnya. Jika ingin mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut, silakan menghubungi [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, masalah pada kotak pencarian di beberapa halaman Commons yang sebelumnya tidak menampilkan hasil akibat peralihan dari SpecialSearch ke MediaSearch, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q36846|bahasa Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} dalam [[d:Q33655|bahasa Pidgin Nigeria]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Foundation saat ini berada pada tahap awal dalam mengeksplorasi pendekatan panduan penulisan artikel. Inisiatif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah yang dapat membantu penyunting baru memahami dan menerapkan praktik serta kebijakan Wikipedia yang telah ada dengan lebih mudah saat membuat artikel. Proyek ini masih berada pada tahap eksplorasi dan perancangan awal uji coba. Seluruh anggota komunitas dianjurkan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|mempelajari lebih lanjut]] mengenai proyek ini dan menyampaikan pendapatnya melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan]].</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Désémber 2025 18.57 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Siapa pun yang ingin mengamankan akun penggunanya kini dapat menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Fitur ini tersedia bagi seluruh pengguna terdaftar di semua proyek Wikimedia. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. Ke depannya, 2FA akan diwajibkan bagi semua pengguna yang memiliki kewenangan untuk melakukan tindakan yang berkaitan dengan keamanan atau privasi. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Setelah penerapan pekan lalu, fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan pranala]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan pranala yang disarankan saat menyunting, akan tersedia di [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedia]] lainnya, mulai 9 Desember. Perluasan ini dimungkinkan berkat model prediksi baru yang kini mendukung semua bahasa, termasuk bahasa-bahasa yang sebelumnya belum tercakup. Meskipun fitur ini telah tersedia di sebagian besar Wikipedia selama beberapa waktu, peluncuran ini membawa penggunaan model yang telah ditingkatkan semakin mendekati penerapan di seluruh Wikipedia. Jika ada pertanyaan atau memerlukan keterangan lebih lanjut, silakan menghubungi [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Tim Pencarian Wikimedia]] menambahkan saran pencarian dengan transliterasi saat mengetik di wiki berbahasa Georgia. Jika hanya tersedia sedikit saran pencarian biasa, maka kueri dalam aksara Latin atau Sirilik kini [[phab:T127003|akan diubah terlebih dahulu ke dalam aksara Georgia]] untuk mencari lebih banyak kecocokan. Sebagai contoh, pencarian dengan kata <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> atau <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> sekarang akan menampilkan saran artikel yang sudah ada tentang <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("kebahagiaan"). Anda juga dapat merekomendasikan bahasa lain yang menurut Anda akan memperoleh manfaat dari fitur saran dengan transliterasi [[phab:T375215|melalui Phabricator]] untuk pengembangan selanjutnya. * Pada akhir pekan ini, sebuah uji coba terkendali akan dimulai bagi para penyunting di 100 Wikipedia terbesar yang sedang menyunting bagian artikel melalui penyunting visual di web seluler. Sebanyak 50% dari para penyunting tersebut akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman" yang memungkinkan mereka memperluas sesi penyuntingan ke seluruh halaman. Fitur ini dimaksudkan untuk mempermudah pengguna web seluler dalam menyunting bagian mana pun dari sebuah artikel, tanpa bergantung pada ikon sunting bagian mana yang mereka ketuk untuk memulai. Uji coba ini akan berlangsung sekitar empat pekan. [[phab:T409112|Keterangan lebih lanjut]] mengenai proyek ini dapat ditemukan pada halaman terkait. * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] akan meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|uji coba di web seluler]] untuk menampilkan seluruh bagian artikel dalam keadaan terbuka secara bawaan (yang saat ini masih ditampilkan dalam keadaan menciut), dan menahan judul bagian yang sedang dibaca pengguna agar tetap berada di bagian atas halaman. Uji coba ini akan memengaruhi 10% pengguna di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tionghoa, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025]] (''Wikipedia Year in Review 2025''), sebuah fitur di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia (iOS dan Android) yang menyajikan ringkasan personal tentang aktivitas pengguna di Wikipedia sepanjang tahun, kini telah tersedia di aplikasi iOS dan Android. Edisi kali ini menghadirkan wawasan personal yang diperluas, sorotan bacaan yang ditingkatkan, pesan baru untuk para donatur, serta pembaruan pada desain tampilan. Buka aplikasi untuk melihat Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025 Anda dan jelajahi kembali perjalanan membaca Anda sepanjang tahun 2025. * Sebuah gangguan perangkat lunak yang terjadi baru-baru ini menyebabkan suntingan yang dibuat dengan VisualEditor menimbulkan perubahan yang tidak disengaja pada teks wiki, termasuk penghapusan spasi dan penggantian spasi menjadi garis bawah pada pranala wiki di dalam pengutipan/sitasi. Masalah ini telah diperbaiki sebagian pada pekan lalu, dan perbaikan lanjutan masih terus dilakukan. Para penyunting yang menggunakan VisualEditor antara 28 November hingga 2 Desember diminta untuk meninjau kembali suntingan mereka guna memastikan tidak ada perubahan yang tidak diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, penanganan alamat URL yang sebelumnya keliru saat disalin dari bilah alamat peramban Microsoft Edge kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting untuk model konten Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON, dan Vue, menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Seiring dengan perubahan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|perkakas pemeriksa kesalahan pengodean]] (''linter'') juga akan ditingkatkan. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk secara bertahap menggantikan CodeEditor dan menyediakan pengalaman penyuntingan kode yang lebih konsisten. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Para pengembang diimbau untuk mengisi [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 Survei Kepuasan Pengembang 2025], yang masih dibuka hingga 5 Januari 2026. Jika Anda mengembangkan perangkat lunak untuk ekosistem Wikimedia dan ingin berbagi pengalaman atau masukan, partisipasi Anda akan sangat dihargai. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">There is no new MediaWiki version this week.</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Désémber 2025 17.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, salah satu perbaikan mengatasi kendala pada akun sementara ketika menambahkan URL eksternal, yang sebelumnya terlalu sering memicu permintaan hCaptcha dan tidak menampilkan jendela sembul (''pop-up'') yang semestinya pada upaya pertama untuk menerbitkan suntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Untuk meningkatkan kinerja basis data dan situs, pranala luar menuju proyek-proyek Wikimedia tidak lagi disimpan di dalam basis data. Dampaknya, pranala tersebut tidak akan dapat dicari di [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], tidak akan diperiksa sebagai pranala baru oleh Spam Blacklist atau AbuseFilter, serta tidak akan tercatat dalam tabel <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> pada replika basis data. Ke depannya, kebijakan ini dapat diperluas (per wiki) ke situs tepercaya lain yang sangat sering ditautkan, seperti pranala Creative Commons di Wikimedia Commons.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Désémber 2025 19.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai Januari, penyaring suntingan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|dapat diatur]] untuk secara otomatis menyembunyikan informasi tertentu, seperti aturan penyaring dan daftar suntingan serta tindakan yang dicoba. Pengaturan ini akan membantu para pengawas (''oversighter'') menggunakannya untuk mencegah pengungkapan data pribadi (''doxxing'') atau materi lain yang perlu disembunyikan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * Edisi Berita Teknis berikutnya akan dikirimkan pada 12 Januari 2026 karena libur akhir tahun. Terima kasih kepada seluruh penerjemah dan semua pihak yang telah mengirimkan konten atau masukan sepanjang tahun ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:16}} {{PLURAL:16|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kerusakan aplikasi yang terjadi saat mengetuk menu "Langkah Pertama" pada fitur Ulasan Akhir Tahun di Wikipedia Android kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fitur tersebut dapat dibuka dan berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Elemen antarmuka seperti ''diff'' dan kategori yang dihasilkan oleh MediaWiki sebelumnya menggunakan atribut <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> untuk membedakannya dari konten wiki. Atribut tersebut kini diganti menjadi <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code> guna menghindari potensi konflik dengan atribut <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> lain yang dihasilkan oleh Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini atau pekan depan. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] (Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026) akan berlangsung pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran telah dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan ditutup pada pertengahan Januari, atau lebih cepat jika kuota peserta terpenuhi. Mengingat kapasitas acara sekitar 100 orang, calon peserta sangat disarankan untuk mendaftar sedini mungkin. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 Désémber 2025 21.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini berfokus pada tren global, uji coba yang lebih cepat dan lebih sehat, dukungan yang lebih baik bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, peningkatan kolaborasi lintas proyek, dan upaya memperluas dan mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan Tim Community Tech dalam proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Daftar pantau ganda]] (''Multiple watchlists''), tampilan [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] akan diperbarui sebagai langkah awal menuju penerapan beberapa daftar pantau. Selain itu, sistem penomoran halaman pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] juga akan diperbarui sebagai bagian dari pengerjaan permintaan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|perombakan penomoran dan navigasi halaman]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] merupakan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|ekstensi]] MediaWiki yang memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini baru-baru ini diperbarui agar tampilannya lebih menyerupai [[Special:Watchlist|Daftar pantau]] biasa, termasuk untuk menyiapkannya menghadapi penggunaan akun sementara dalam penyamaran IP (misalnya dengan mengarahkan ulang pranala pengguna ke halaman kontribusi), menampilkan judul halaman dengan huruf tebal, dan membuka pranala dalam ringkasan suntingan dan label di tab peramban baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika pemblokiran global tidak memiliki opsi untuk menonaktifkan pengiriman surel kini telah diperbaiki, dan fitur tersebut dapat digunakan pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|Perkakas pengutipan di VisualEditor]] dan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Pratinjau Rujukan]] kini mendukung jenis rujukan "peta". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Januari 2026 19.33 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Panel yang ditampilkan pada [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] dalam tampilan seluler telah didesain ulang. Panel ini kini ditampilkan dalam keadaan tertutup secara bawaan dan dilengkapi dengan pranala untuk membatalkan suntingan yang sedang ditinjau, sehingga memudahkan penyunting dan peninjau di perangkat seluler untuk mengambil tindakan tanpa membuat antarmuka terlihat penuh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini terus dikembangkan dan kini mampu menentukan arah teks secara otomatis, sehingga tampilan situs dengan nama domain yang tidak lazim tetap benar. Ekstensi ini juga menampilkan keterangan yang lebih rinci untuk setiap tindakan dalam log. Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ditambahkan pranala permanen baru untuk pembuatan halaman dan kelas CSS untuk setiap elemen entri. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya ditemukan pada Vector 2022, yaitu tujuan pranala jangkar tertutup oleh tajuk yang menempel (''sticky header''), kini telah ditangani. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|pengumuman penghentian bertahap pada Oktober 2025]], Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan mulai menghentikan seluruh titik akhir transformasi (''transform endpoint'') pada MediaWiki REST API yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir alamat (''trailing slash'') pada pekan 26 Januari. Perubahan ini diperkirakan akan diterapkan di semua wiki paling lambat 30 Januari. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih menggunakannya diimbau untuk beralih ke versi titik akhir tanpa garis miring di akhir. Kedua variasi titik akhir tersebut dapat ditemukan, dibandingkan, dan diuji melalui [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Jika memiliki pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * Dokumentasi rujukan interaktif untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] telah dipindahkan. Permintaan ke dokumentasi API yang sebelumnya diinang melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (misalnya <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) kini akan dialihkan ke [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata Wikimedia Foundation]] (WDP) telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala Januari 2026]]. Nawala ini memuat pembaruan mengenai penghentian titik akhir graf penuh (''full-graph'') lama, perubahan kebijakan User-Agent, jadwal sesi diskusi bulanan migrasi Blazegraph, dan upaya untuk mengurangi kemunduran (regresi) yang disebabkan oleh penonaktifan titik akhir lama tersebut. Sebagai pengingat, Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|berlangganan nawala WDP]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan segera ditutup atau ditutup lebih awal jika kuota peserta telah terpenuhi. Acara ini merupakan hackathon teknis selama dua hari yang mempertemukan para Wikimediawan dari kawasan tersebut. Sampai jumpa di sana! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Januari 2026 20.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang masukan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|usulan arah masa depan]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] hingga 28 Februari. * Semua pengguna dengan akun terdaftar kini dapat menggunakan kunci sandi (''passkey'') untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Kunci sandi merupakan cara masuk yang lebih sederhana tanpa perlu menggunakan perangkat kedua. Identitas pengguna diverifikasi melalui sidik jari, pemindaian wajah, atau kode PIN. Untuk menggunakan kunci sandi, pengguna harus terlebih dahulu mengaktifkan metode 2FA standar. Saat ini, proses masuk dengan kunci sandi masih memerlukan kata sandi. Pada kuartal ini, fitur masuk tanpa kata sandi akan memungkinkan pengguna masuk dengan satu klik menggunakan kunci sandi. Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan juga akan diwajibkan mengaktifkan 2FA. Kebijakan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. * Kontributor tidak terdaftar yang berasal dari alamat IP atau rentang IP yang diblokir kini dapat berinteraksi di wiki untuk mengajukan banding pemblokiran dengan membuat akun sementara dan menyampaikannya melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna, selama opsi "mencegah pengguna ini menyunting halaman pembicaraannya sendiri" tidak diaktifkan. Perubahan ini mengatasi masalah sebelumnya, yaitu pengguna yang tidak masuk log (keluar log dari akun) tidak dapat menggunakan prosedur pembukaan blokir standar melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, deskripsi metode Autentikasi Dua-Faktor (2FA) pada halaman pengelolaan kini telah diperbarui. Penjelasannya menjadi lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dipahami serta digunakan oleh pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah variabel AbuseFilter baru, <code>account_type</code>, telah ditambahkan untuk menyediakan cara yang andal dalam menentukan jenis akun yang sedang dibuat pada tindakan <code>createaccount</code> dan <code>autocreateaccount</code>. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, variabel <code>accountname</code> telah diubah namanya menjadi <code>account_name</code>, dan <code>accountname</code> kini dinyatakan tidak lagi digunakan (''deprecated''). Pengelola penyaring suntingan disarankan untuk memperbarui penyaring apa pun yang masih menggunakan pemeriksaan jenis akun yang ditulis langsung (''hardcoded'') atau variabel yang telah dinyatakan tidak digunakan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Keluku (''thumbnail'') yang diminta dengan ukuran tidak standar dan menggunakan cara tidak standar, seperti permintaan langsung ke <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code>, akan berhenti berfungsi dalam waktu dekat. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan berkelanjutan oleh pengambil data otomatis (''web scraper'') dan bot. Sebagian pengguna dengan CSS/JS khusus, pengurus antarmuka yang dapat memperbaiki gawai dan kulit lokal, serta pembuat alat, perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar menggunakan ukuran gambar mini standar. [[phab:T414805|Informasi lengkap, pranala pencarian, dan contoh cara memperbaikinya tersedia pada tugas terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Januari 2026 21.17 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" yang menampilkan informasi validasi tentang suatu halaman ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} contoh]) kini secara otomatis akan menyertakan daftar isi. Jika terdapat halaman lokal [[MediaWiki:Pageinfo-header]] yang dibuat oleh pengguna, halaman tersebut kini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya VisualEditor menambahkan pemformatan tebal atau miring di dalam deskripsi pranala, sehingga membuat kode wiki menjadi rumit. Hal ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada salinan XML pada 20 Januari. Selain itu, mulai sekarang, salinan data hanya akan dihasilkan satu kali per bulan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki telah menghapus dukungan untuk seluruh titik akhir transformasi yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir (''trailing slash'') dari [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API REST API MediaWiki]. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih memanggil titik akhir tersebut dianjurkan untuk beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring di akhir. Apabila terdapat pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan mengajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengingatkan para pengguna bahwa sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 telah dibagikan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan ini menyoroti berbagai isu utama, termasuk tren global, pengembangan eksperimen yang lebih cepat dan berkelanjutan, peningkatan dukungan bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, optimalisasi kolaborasi antarproyek, dan upaya meningkatkan serta mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan, saran, dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Pébruari 2026 17.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kontributor yang masuk log dan mengelola daftar pantauan yang besar atau kompleks kini dapat mengatur dan menyaring halaman yang dipantau dengan lebih efektif melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Label Daftar Pantauan]] yang baru. Dengan menambahkan label tersuai, misalnya halaman yang dibuat sendiri, halaman yang dipantau untuk vandalisme, atau halaman diskusi, pengguna dapat lebih cepat mengidentifikasi halaman yang memerlukan perhatian, mengurangi beban kognitif, dan merespons dengan lebih efisien. Peningkatan ini membuat daftar pantauan lebih mudah digunakan, terutama bagi penyunting yang sangat aktif. * Sebuah fitur baru yang tersedia di [[Special:Contributions|Istimewa:Kontribusi]] kini menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] yang kemungkinan dioperasikan oleh orang yang sama, sehingga proses patroli menjadi lebih efisien dan tidak memakan banyak waktu. Saat memeriksa kontribusi suatu akun sementara, pengguna yang memiliki akses ke alamat IP akun sementara kini dapat melihat tampilan kontribusi dari akun-akun sementara terkait. Fitur ini menelusuri seluruh alamat IP yang terkait dengan suatu akun sementara dalam periode retensi data, lalu menampilkan semua kontribusi dari seluruh akun sementara yang pernah menggunakan alamat IP tersebut. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * Saat para penyunting melakukan pratayang suntingan teks wiki, kotak pengingat di bagian atas yang menunjukkan bahwa yang ditampilkan hanyalah pratayang kini menggunakan latar belakang abu-abu/netral, bukan lagi kuning/peringatan. Perubahan ini memudahkan pembedaan antara catatan pratayang dan peringatan yang sebenarnya (misalnya konflik suntingan atau sasaran pengalihan yang bermasalah), yang kini akan ditampilkan dalam kotak peringatan atau kesalahan terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna meninjau daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini terus mengalami penyempurnaan, yang kini mendukung lebih dari satu situs Wikibase secara optimal, seperti [[d:|Wikidata]] dan [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. Selain itu, kendala tentang arah teks telah diperbaiki bagi pengguna Wikidata atau situs Wikibase lain yang menggunakan bahasa dengan arah kanan ke kiri (RTL). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * "Pranala magis" otomatis untuk nomor ISBN, RFC, dan PMID [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|telah dinyatakan usang dalam teks wiki sejak 2021]] karena kurang fleksibel dan menyulitkan pelokalan. Sejumlah wiki telah berhasil menggantikan pranala magis RFC dan PMID dengan pranala luar yang setara, tetapi untuk menggantikan fungsi pranala magis ISBN sering kali diperlukan templat khusus. Kini telah tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|fungsi pengurai bawaan]] baru, <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code>, yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan fungsi dasar pranala magis ISBN. Hal ini memudahkan wiki yang ingin bermigrasi dari fungsi pranala magis yang telah dinyatakan usang tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q35401|bahasa Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q1186896|bahasa Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah kelompok pengguna global baru telah dibuat, yaitu [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. Kelompok ini digunakan secara internal oleh perangkat lunak untuk memungkinkan bot komunitas melewati pembatasan laju (''rate limit'') yang diterapkan terhadap [[w:en:Web scraping|perayap web]] (''web scraper'') yang bersifat merusak. Akun yang telah disetujui sebagai bot di setidaknya satu wiki Wikimedia akan secara otomatis ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok ini. Perubahan ini tidak memengaruhi atau mengubah hak akses yang dimiliki oleh bot tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 25–27 Maret 2026 di Salt Lake City, Amerika Serikat. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Peserta dapat mengusulkan sesi serta mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti konferensi ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Pébruari 2026 23.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Tim SRE]] akan membersihkan Etherpad, yaitu penyunting berbasis web sumber terbuka untuk penyuntingan dokumen kolaboratif langsung. Seluruh catatan (''pad'') akan dihapus secara permanen setelah 30 April 2026. Harap membuat salinan cadangan lokal atas konten apa pun yang ingin dipertahankan karena data yang telah dihapus tidak dapat dipulihkan. Pembersihan ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi ukuran basis data dan meminimalkan jejak infrastruktur. Etherpad akan tetap mendukung kolaborasi langsung, tetapi tidak ditujukan untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Pembersihan tambahan dapat dilakukan di masa mendatang tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pengambilan Informasi (''Information Retrieval'') akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|eksperimen aplikasi seluler Android]] untuk menguji pencarian hibrida yang mampu menangani kueri semantik dan berbasis kata kunci. Peningkatan pencarian di dalam platform ini bertujuan memudahkan pembaca menemukan informasi yang dicari secara langsung di Wikipedia. Eksperimen ini akan pertama kali diluncurkan di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani pada akhir Februari, kemudian diperluas ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis pada bulan Maret. Informasi selengkapnya [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ dapat dibaca] di Diff. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah di [[Special:RecentChanges|Istimewa:PerubahanTerbaru]] telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, ketika pengguna mengeklik sembunyikan pada penyaring aktif, tombol "lihat perubahan baru sejak…" ikut menghilang, padahal seharusnya tetap ditampilkan. Kini, tombol tersebut telah berfungsi dan ditampilkan sebagaimana mestinya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Dokumentasi baru kini tersedia untuk membantu para penyunting menelusuri dan mendiagnosis masalah pada fitur pencarian di situs. Dokumentasi ini mendukung proses pemecahan masalah ketika halaman tidak muncul dalam hasil pencarian, ketika peringkat hasil terasa tidak sesuai, dan ketika perlu memeriksa konten apa saja yang sedang diindeks. Dengan demikian, perilaku pencarian menjadi lebih mudah dipahami dan dianalisis. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Pébruari 2026 19.17 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] kini telah diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, menandai selesainya peluncuran fitur ini di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur tersebut mendorong pengguna baru untuk menambahkan rujukan sebelum memublikasikan konten baru, sehingga membantu menekan pembatalan suntingan akibat kekurangan rujukan dan meningkatkan keterverifikasian. Hasil pengujian A/B menunjukkan dampak yang kuat: pengguna baru yang ditampilkan Pemeriksaan Rujukan sekitar 2,2 kali lebih sering menambahkan rujukan di desktop dan sekitar 17,5 kali lebih sering di web seluler. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|Ekstensi InterwikiSorting]], yang sebelumnya memungkinkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|pengurutan pranala antarwiki]], telah dinonaktifkan di Wikipedia. Dampaknya, penyunting yang mengaktifkan pengurutan pranala antarwiki dalam mode tidak ringkas (format daftar penuh) kini akan melihat urutan pranala berubah. Ke depannya, pranala antarwiki akan ditampilkan berdasarkan urutan alfabet kode bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, pengguna yang menyunting suatu bagian halaman menggunakan VisualEditor seluler akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman". Dengan mengetuk tombol tersebut, pengguna dapat langsung menyunting keseluruhan artikel. Fitur ini memudahkan ketika perubahan yang ingin dilakukan ternyata berada di luar bagian yang awalnya dibuka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] mengundang para penyunting untuk menilai apakah mode gelap masih perlu dianggap sebagai fitur beta di wiki masing-masing berdasarkan pengalaman penggunaan dan kinerjanya di perangkat desktop maupun seluler. Apabila fitur ini dinilai telah matang, para penyunting dapat memperbarui pesan antarmuka di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> dan <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> untuk menunjukkan bahwa mode gelap telah siap digunakan dan tidak lagi berstatus beta. * [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Tab Aktivitas]] yang telah ditingkatkan dan menampilkan wawasan pengguna kini tersedia untuk seluruh pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS (versi 7.9.0 dan yang lebih baru). Setelah uji A/B sebelumnya menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pembuatan akun pada pengguna yang memiliki akses ke fitur ini, pembaruan tersebut kini diluncurkan kepada 100% pengguna, dan disertai dengan sejumlah penyempurnaan. Tab Aktivitas kini menampilkan artikel-artikel yang telah disunting dalam lini masa, menyajikan wawasan dampak penyuntingan seperti jumlah kontribusi dan tren kunjungan artikel, serta menyediakan opsi penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan aplikasi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang sebelumnya menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] tidak berfungsi di perangkat seluler kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fungsionalitasnya kembali berjalan sepenuhnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] yang mendukung fitur ini terus dikembangkan. Pembaruan terbaru menambahkan [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|kait baru]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, yang dijalankan setiap kali daftar pantauan dibangun ulang. Dengan adanya kait ini, gawai dan skrip pengguna kini dapat dijalankan pada halaman Istimewa tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Pébruari 2026 19.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Mode Ulang Tahun]] ke-25 Wikipedia kini telah tersedia di Wikipedia bahasa Betawi, Breton, Tionghoa, Ceko, Belanda, Inggris, Prancis, Gorontalo, Indonesia, Italia, Luksemburg, Madura, Sisilia, Spanyol, Thai, dan Vietnam. Fitur kampanye waktu terbatas ini merayakan 25 tahun Wikipedia dengan maskot ulang tahun bernama Baby Globe. Saat diaktifkan, Baby Globe akan muncul di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|sekitar 2.500 artikel]] dan dapat ditemukan oleh para pembaca. Komunitas dapat memilih untuk mengaktifkan Mode Ulang Tahun dengan mencapai konsensus di tingkat komunitas, lalu meminta pengurus untuk mengaktifkan dan menyesuaikan fitur tersebut melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|pengaturan komunitas]] di wiki lokal masing-masing. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur baru [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], yang memungkinkan penggunaan ulang rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Swedia, Polandia, dan [[:phab:T418209|beberapa wiki lainnya]]. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|Fitur ini dapat dicoba]] di proyek-proyek tersebut atau di testwiki dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Pembelajaran dari wiki percontohan pertama, yaitu Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, telah [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|dirilis dalam sebuah laporan]]. Jika [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|berminat untuk menjadi wiki percontohan]], silakan menghubungi tim Wikimedia Deutschland. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') akan tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia pekan ini. Fitur ini menampilkan pengingat kepada pengguna baru yang menempelkan teks ke dalam VisualEditor yang kemungkinan besar bukan hasil tulisan mereka sendiri agar mempertimbangkan risiko pelanggaran hak cipta. Pemeriksaan Tempel juga [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|menandai]] semua suntingan yang memunculkan pengingat tersebut untuk kemungkinan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Pengurus lokal dapat mengatur berbagai aspek fitur ini melalui [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Penelitian]] di 22 wiki menunjukkan bahwa Pemeriksaan Tempel menghasilkan penurunan relatif sebesar 18% pada suntingan yang dibatalkan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Para penerjemah dapat membantu [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate melokalkan] fitur ini dan fitur terkait lainnya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] akan melakukan standardisasi menu pengguna di pojok kanan atas bagi seluruh pengguna seluler agar lebih selaras dengan pengalaman di desktop. Saat ini, menu tersebut hanya terlihat oleh pengguna yang mengaktifkan Kontrol Seluler Lanjutan (''Advanced Mobile Controls''/AMC). Perubahan yang dilakukan hanya berupa pemindahan beberapa tombol yang sebelumnya berada di menu sisi kiri ke pojok kanan atas bagi pengguna yang tidak mengaktifkan AMC. Perubahan ini dijadwalkan diterapkan pada 9 Maret dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan antarmuka pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Mulai pekan 2 Maret, surel yang dikirim saat alamat surel pada suatu akun ditambahkan, dihapus, atau diubah akan beralih dari format teks biasa menjadi surel HTML yang tampilannya lebih rapi dan informatif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Saat ini, setiap pengguna dapat menyimpan hingga 2.000 notifikasi lama, dengan riwayat yang mencakup sejak 2013 ketika fitur ini diperkenalkan. Ke depan, sistem akan diubah sehingga hanya notifikasi dari lima tahun terakhir yang disimpan, tetapi dengan kapasitas yang ditingkatkan hingga 10.000 notifikasi. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan infrastruktur dalam jangka panjang sekaligus mengurangi kemungkinan notifikasi terbaru hilang lebih cepat dari yang seharusnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami penyempurnaan. Pembaruan terbaru meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan label. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini kini memungkinkan pengaktifan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|sistem pengganti bahasa]] (''language fallback'') untuk butir Wikidata yang tidak memiliki label dalam bahasa yang sedang ditampilkan, dan menampilkan label tersebut dalam bahasa Wikidata pilihan pengguna apabila tidak ada parameter URL <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * Tim Wikipedia Android telah memulai uji coba beta fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|pencarian hibrida]] di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani. Fitur pencarian hibrida ini dapat menangani pencarian berdasarkan makna maupun kata kunci, sehingga pembaca dapat menemukan informasi yang dicari secara lebih mudah langsung di Wikipedia. * Demi meningkatkan keamanan, anggota dari sejumlah kelompok pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Saat ini, 2FA menjadi syarat untuk menggunakan hak akses dalam kelompok tersebut, tetapi belum menjadi syarat untuk tercatat sebagai anggotanya. Karena kebijakan ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, perubahan akan [[phab:T418580|dilakukan secara bertahap mulai bulan Maret]]. Anggota kelompok terkait tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan satu-satunya metode 2FA yang tersisa di akun mereka. Selain itu, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA tidak dapat ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tersebut. Pengguna tetap dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama minimal satu metode 2FA tetap aktif. Pada paruh kedua bulan Maret, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok ini. Ketentuan ini berlaku untuk pengurus CentralNotice, pemeriksa, pengurus antarmuka, pengawas, staf Wikidata, staf Wikifunctions, WMF Office IT, dan WMF Trust & Safety. Tidak ada perubahan bagi pengguna lainnya. Jadwal pelaksanaan dapat dilihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya menghalangi pengguna untuk membuat sebuah instans (''instance'') di [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], dalam satu bulan ke depan Wikimedia Foundation akan menerapkan pembatasan jumlah permintaan (''rate limit'') API secara global pada seluruh API yang digunakan. Pada awal Maret, batas yang lebih ketat akan diberlakukan untuk permintaan yang tidak teridentifikasi dari luar Toolforge/WMCS dan permintaan API yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diterapkan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin agar dampaknya terhadap komunitas tetap minimal. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * Layanan ''Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment'' (LDF) akan dihentikan pada bulan Februari. Layanan ini hanya melayani lalu lintas yang terbatas, dan penggunaannya telah berhasil dialihkan ke metode akses data lain yang lebih sesuai untuk mendukung kebutuhan yang ada. Perangkat keras yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mendukung layanan LDF akan dialokasikan kembali guna menunjang proses migrasi sistem bagian belakang yang sedang berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * Pengurai Parsoid versi terbaru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|terus diperluas penggunaannya ke berbagai wiki lainnya]]. Penerapan ini mendukung keberlanjutan sistem dan mempermudah pengembangan fitur baru untuk kegiatan membaca dan penyuntingan. Kini, Parsoid telah menjadi pengurai utama di 488 wiki milik Wikimedia Foundation, termasuk 268 edisi Wikipedia. Cakupan tersebut mewakili lebih dari 10% dari total tayangan halaman di seluruh Wikipedia. * Proses dan kriteria untuk [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|mengajukan akses khusus]] ke umpan data berkapasitas tinggi dari API Wikimedia Enterprise (tanpa biaya untuk penggunaan yang sejalan dengan misi) [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|kini telah dipublikasikan]]. Publikasi ini bertujuan menyediakan dokumentasi yang lebih lengkap dan jelas bagi para pengguna. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], yang selama ini menjadi blog bagi komunitas teknis Wikimedia, [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ akan digabungkan] ke [[diffblog:|Diff]], blog yang memuat berita dan kegiatan komunitas. Proses penggabungan ini ditargetkan rampung pada April 2026. Setelah proses tersebut selesai, kiriman tulisan baru akan kembali dibuka untuk dipublikasikan. Semua tulisan, baik yang lama dan yang baru, tetap dapat dibaca melalui halaman khusus di https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Maret 2026 17.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari uji coba pengalihan peladen pusat data ke peladen cadangan, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|yang dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dialihkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Pengujian ini bertujuan memastikan layanan tetap tersedia dan mengurangi kemungkinan gangguan layanan, termasuk dalam keadaan darurat. * Pekan lalu, seluruh wiki sempat berada dalam mode hanya-baca selama sekitar dua jam. Selain itu, skrip pengguna dan gawai juga mengalami gangguan lebih lama dari biasanya. Kejadian ini disebabkan oleh sebuah insiden keamanan yang kini telah ditangani. Langkah-langkah untuk mencegah kejadian serupa masih terus dilakukan. Informasi terkini dapat dilihat pada [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|pengumuman di papan pengumuman penatalayan]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|tersedia terjemahan]]). '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna yang terkena beberapa pemblokiran saat mengakses melalui perangkat seluler kini akan melihat alasan untuk setiap pemblokiran secara terpisah, bukan lagi satu pesan umum. Hal ini membantu pengguna memahami alasan pemblokiran yang mereka alami serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Sebagai contoh, pengguna yang terdampak karena menggunakan VPN umum (seperti [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) akan mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai apa yang perlu dilakukan agar dapat kembali menyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] (''Suggestion Mode'') akan tersedia sebagai fitur beta di penyunting visual di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini memberikan berbagai saran tindakan yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki artikel Wikipedia, dan membantu pengguna mempelajari pedoman yang relevan. Pengaturan fitur ini dapat disesuaikan oleh setiap wiki dan juga dapat diperluas dengan menambahkan saran khusus. Pengaturan yang saat ini berlaku dapat dilihat di halaman [[Special:EditChecks]]. Selain itu, tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|panduan bagi pengurus untuk menyesuaikan]] pranala agar mengarah ke pedoman lokal. Mode Saran terhubung dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Pemeriksaan Suntingan]] yang memberikan saran perbaikan ketika seseorang sedang menulis konten baru. Ke depannya, tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') berencana menilai dampak fitur ini terhadap pengguna baru melalui sebuah percobaan terkontrol. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika posisi kursor menjadi tidak selaras saat menggunakan penyorotan sintaks CodeMirror (fitur yang memudahkan pembacaan teks wiki dan kode) kini telah diperbaiki. Masalah ini secara khusus memengaruhi pengguna yang menetapkan aturan jenis huruf dalam lembar gaya tersuai ketika membuat topik baru dengan menggunakan DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pembaruan pembatasan permintaan API: Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], pembatasan jumlah permintaan API secara global akan mulai diterapkan pada minggu ini. Pembatasan ini berlaku untuk permintaan tanpa User-Agent yang sesuai yang berasal dari luar Toolforge/WMCS, serta untuk permintaan API tanpa autentikasi yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diberlakukan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * API GraphQL yang baru kini telah tersedia. API ini dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih fleksibel untuk beberapa fitur di Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemudahan bagi pengembang, mendukung fleksibilitas penggunaan, dan mempercepat akses data. Pengguna dipersilakan untuk mencoba API ini dan [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|memberikan masukan]]. Pengembang juga dapat [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply mendaftar untuk mengikuti uji kegunaan]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] melanjutkan peningkatan pada [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] sepanjang Februari. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan kesalahan autentikasi, penanganan berkas berukuran besar, visibilitas antrean tugas, dan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai proses pengunggahan. Sejumlah pekerjaan masih terus berlangsung di beberapa bagian, termasuk perubahan yang berkaitan dengan metode pengunggahan dari sisi peladen yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|kabar terkini]] untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Panduan Artikel (''Article Guidance'') mengundang penyunting Wikipedia berpengalaman dari sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|wiki percontohan]] dan kontributor yang berminat dari Wikipedia lainnya untuk mengisi angket ini. Angket tersebut tersedia dalam [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform bahasa Inggris], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arab], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Jepang], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portugis], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persia], dan [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turki]. Jawaban yang diberikan akan membantu tim untuk menyesuaikan panduan bagi penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman, sekaligus membantu mereka mempelajari kebijakan dan praktik komunitas saat membuat artikel. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|halaman proyek tersebut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Maret 2026 18.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], telah digunakan untuk penyorotan sintaks teks wiki sejak November 2024. Fitur ini direncanakan keluar dari status beta pada Mei 2026 agar berbagai perbaikan dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|fitur]] baru dapat digunakan oleh semua penyunting yang memakai penyorot sintaks standar. Jika terdapat pertanyaan atau masukan terkait rencana penghapusan status beta pada fitur ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|silakan disampaikan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebagian perubahan pada kelompok pengguna lokal dilakukan oleh penatalayan di Meta-Wiki dan sebelumnya hanya dicatat di sana. Kini, perubahan hak pengguna lintas wiki akan dicatat di Meta-Wiki dan di wiki tempat pengguna tersebut berada. Langkah ini memudahkan penelusuran riwayat lengkap perubahan hak pengguna di wiki lokal. Catatan perubahan yang terjadi sebelumnya juga akan ditambahkan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * Pada wiki yang menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], jumlah perubahan tertunda yang ditampilkan di halaman [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] sebelumnya juga menghitung halaman yang sebenarnya sudah tidak menunggu peninjauan. Hal ini terjadi karena halaman tersebut telah dihapus dari sistem tanpa melalui proses peninjauan, misalnya karena dihapus, dipindahkan ke ruang nama lain, atau akibat perubahan konfigurasi wiki. Kini, jumlah yang ditampilkan telah diperbaiki sehingga lebih akurat. Di beberapa wiki, angka yang terlihat mungkin jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan sebelumnya. Daftar halaman yang ditampilkan seharusnya tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Bahasa komposisi yang digunakan di Wikifunctions telah ditulis ulang dan menghasilkan versi bahasa yang baru. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan layanan dengan mengurangi penggunaan memori pada orkestrator. Selain itu, pembaruan ini juga memungkinkan pengurangan waktu tunda secara signifikan, penyederhanaan kode, dan penerapan abstraksi yang lebih baik. Perubahan tersebut membuka peluang bagi pengembangan fitur baru pada tahap berikutnya. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|pembaruan ini]] dapat dibaca pada penjelasan yang tersedia. * Pengguna kini dapat mengurutkan hasil pencarian secara alfabetis berdasarkan judul halaman. Pembaruan ini menambahkan opsi baru yang dapat membantu menemukan halaman dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Sebelumnya, hasil pencarian hanya dapat diurutkan berdasarkan tanggal penyuntingan, tanggal pembuatan, atau tingkat relevansi. Untuk menggunakan opsi baru ini, buka menu "Pencarian lanjutan" pada halaman hasil pencarian, lalu pilih "Alfabetis" pada bagian "Urutan pengurutan". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang sebelumnya membuat UploadWizard di Wikimedia Commons tidak dapat mengimpor berkas dari Flickr kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah halaman istimewa baru, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], telah dibuat untuk menampilkan daftar halaman yang ditransklusikan dan ditandai memiliki galat pemeriksaan kode (''lint''). Halaman ini membantu pengguna menemukan kesalahan tersebut dengan lebih mudah. Daftar yang ditampilkan akan diurutkan berdasarkan jumlah transklusi yang mengandung galat. Contohnya dapat dilihat pada halaman [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Pengguna fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai pengganti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman berisi JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua sejak beberapa waktu terakhir. Seiring dengan rencana mengeluarkan CodeMirror 6 dari status beta, CodeEditor juga direncanakan akan digantikan sebagai penyunting standar untuk jenis konten tersebut pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Masukan atau tanggapan tentang rencana ini sangat dipersilakan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Modul JavaScript [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] akan segera diperbarui ke CodeMirror 6. Menjelang pembaruan tersebut, pemuatan modul <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> atau <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> dari gawai dan skrip pengguna telah dinyatakan usang sejak Juli 2025. Penggunaan kait <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> juga telah dinyatakan usang sejak Maret 2025. Kontributor kini dapat menyesuaikan skrip atau gawai mereka agar kompatibel dengan CodeMirror 6. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|panduan migrasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang memperluas cakupan definisi modul REST API agar juga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|API dari ekstensi]]. Modul REST API merupakan kelompok titik akhir yang saling berkaitan dan dapat dikelola serta diberi versi secara mandiri. Saat ini, modul tersebut sudah tersedia untuk API [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] dan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions]. Seiring dengan pemindahan API ekstensi ke struktur ini, dokumentasinya akan dipindahkan dari spesifikasi utama MediaWiki OpenAPI dan tampilan REST Sandbox. Selanjutnya, dokumentasi tersebut dapat diakses melalui opsi khusus modul pada menu tarik turun di [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (yaitu di [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], yang tersedia di semua proyek wiki). * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] menyediakan berbagai informasi tentang wiki tempat modul digunakan melalui pustaka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]]. Sejak pekan lalu, pustaka tersebut juga menyediakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|cara]] untuk mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|ID wiki]]. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan pemeliharaan modul yang digunakan di berbagai wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2026]], yang merayakan berbagai perkakas terbaik yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas, kini telah membuka proses nominasi. Nominasi untuk perkakas favorit dapat diajukan melalui [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en formulir survei nominasi] paling lambat 23 Maret 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai privasi dan pengelolaan data dapat dilihat pada [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|pernyataan privasi survei]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Maret 2026 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|obrolan]])</bdi> 19 Maret 2026 11.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat masuk log ke akun mereka tanpa menggunakan kata sandi melalui penggunaan kunci sandi (''passkey''). Metode ini merupakan cara yang aman dan didukung oleh autentikasi seperti sidik jari, pengenalan wajah, atau PIN. Dengan adanya perubahan ini, semua pengguna yang memilih masuk log tanpa kata sandi akan merasakan proses yang lebih mudah, lebih cepat, dan lebih aman saat mengakses akun mereka dari berbagai perangkat. Opsi masuk menggunakan kunci sandi saat ini ditampilkan sebagai saran pengisian otomatis pada kolom nama pengguna. Dalam waktu dekat, [[phab:T417120|tombol tambahan "Masuk log dengan kunci sandi"]] juga akan tersedia bagi pengguna yang telah mendaftarkan kunci sandi mereka sebelumnya. Pembaruan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keamanan sekaligus memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik. [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|Rekaman layar]] yang disertakan memperlihatkan proses masuk log tanpa kata sandi secara bertahap, langkah demi langkah. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka pengujian pencadangan melalui pengalihan peladen pusat data (''datacenter server switchover'') yang [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan tersebut, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dipindahkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketersediaan layanan sekaligus memastikan bahwa layanan tetap dapat berjalan tanpa gangguan, bahkan dalam situasi darurat. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat mengekspor notifikasi mereka yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun dengan menggunakan sebuah [[toolforge:echo-chamber|perkakas baru di Toolforge]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk tetap menyimpan notifikasi penting mereka, sekaligus menghindari risiko terhapusnya notifikasi tersebut seiring rencana penghapusan notifikasi yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun, sebagaimana telah diumumkan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Para penyunting Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, Thai, Turki, dan Simple English kini memiliki akses ke Special:PersonalDashboard. Fitur ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|versi awal dari sebuah pengalaman]] yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan alur kerja patroli kepada penyunting yang lebih baru, sehingga mereka dapat beralih secara lebih mudah dari sekadar melakukan suntingan menuju keterlibatan dalam tugas moderasi yang lebih lanjut di proyek mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * Halaman [[Special:Block]] kini mengalami dua perubahan kecil pada antarmukanya. Pengurus kini dapat dengan lebih mudah menetapkan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu melalui tombol pilihan (''radio button'') khusus yang tersedia pada bagian masa berlaku. Selain itu, ketika masa berlaku tanpa batas dipilih, akan muncul kumpulan alasan umum yang berbeda untuk dipilih, yang dapat disesuaikan melalui halaman [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Para penyunting seluler [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|di beberapa wiki]] kini dapat melihat peringatan penyuntingan dalam keadaan belum masuk log (''logged-out'') yang telah ditingkatkan, berkat pembaruan terbaru dari tim Pertumbuhan. Perubahan yang dirilis pada pekan lalu ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dan pengujian yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|pembuatan akun di perangkat seluler]], dan mendorong peningkatan partisipasi pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:36}} {{PLURAL:36|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, galat yang sebelumnya menyebabkan pengguna web seluler tidak dapat melihat informasi pemblokiran ketika mereka terdampak oleh beberapa pemblokiran sekaligus kini telah diperbaiki. Kini, saat mengakses Wikipedia, mereka dapat melihat pesan dari seluruh pemblokiran yang sedang berlaku terhadap akun atau alamat IP mereka. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Citra yang dibangun menggunakan Toolforge dalam waktu dekat akan mendapatkan pembaruan versi ''buildpacks'' (kumpulan skrip dan konfigurasi untuk membangun aplikasi secara otomatis), yang menghadirkan dukungan bagi versi bahasa pemrograman yang lebih baru serta berbagai peningkatan dan perbaikan dari sumber pengembang utama (''upstream''). Jika menggunakan Toolforge Build Service, disarankan untuk meninjau surel terbaru dari [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ milis cloud-announce] dan memperbarui konfigurasi ''build'' sesuai kebutuhan, guna memastikan bahwa perkakas yang digunakan tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan tersebut. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * Wiki dokumentasi [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] akan ditutup pada Juni 2026. Kunci API yang dibuat melalui API Portal akan tetap berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Titik akhir api.wikimedia.org akan dihentikan secara bertahap mulai Juli 2026. Dokumentasi yang sebelumnya tersedia di API Portal sedang dipindahkan ke [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dipelajari melalui [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek]] yang tersedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] (inisiatif dari Wikimedia Deutschland yang berfokus pada pengembangan fitur berdasarkan kebutuhan teknis komunitas) tengah mempertimbangkan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|penamaan referensi yang dihasilkan secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Para pengguna dipersilakan untuk meninjau [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solusi yang diusulkan]] serta berpartisipasi dalam proses [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|permintaan tanggapan]] yang sedang berlangsung. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Maret 2026 16.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Versi Beta dari [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]], proyek baru Wikimedia yang tidak terikat dengan bahasa, telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. Proyek ini memungkinkan berbagai komunitas untuk menyusun artikel Wikipedia dalam bahasa asli mereka, yang kemudian dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pengguna lain dalam bahasa masing-masing. Wiki ini dijalankan melalui serangkaian instruksi dari Wikifunctions, dan didukung oleh konten terstruktur yang berasal dari Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang menjalankan uji A/B untuk mengevaluasi pesan yang lebih jelas dan ramah pengguna dalam mendorong pembuatan akun di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, ketika pengguna seluler yang belum masuk log mulai melakukan penyuntingan, mereka akan dihadapkan pada pesan peringatan yang terasa mendadak dan dapat mengurangi minat untuk melanjutkan kontribusi. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga menjadikan penyuntingan dengan akun sementara sebagai pilihan bawaan, alih-alih mendorong pengguna untuk membuat akun. Uji coba ini berlangsung di sepuluh Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Jerman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Apps'') mengundang Anda untuk memberi masukan mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|cara proses penyuntingan seharusnya bekerja di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia]]. Diskusi ini berfokus pada upaya meningkatkan cara pengguna mengakses berbagai alat penyuntingan saat mereka mengetuk tombol "Sunting". Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk mengarahkan para pembaca yang mulai tertarik menyunting agar dapat menemukan jalur yang lebih ramah pengguna ketika mereka mulai berkontribusi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:45}} {{PLURAL:45|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah ketika pengambilan sitasi dari arsip surat kabar besar [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] tidak lagi berfungsi, akibat adanya pemblokiran pada permintaan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]], kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Maret 2026 19.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 3 April 2026 17.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dilengkapi dengan fitur baru untuk penetapan tujuan kelompok, yang memungkinkan para penyelenggara menetapkan dan memantau target acara, seperti jumlah artikel yang dibuat dan jumlah kontributor yang berpartisipasi, secara langsung. Di sisi lain, para peserta juga dapat bergerak menuju target bersama dan melihat dampak kolektif yang dihasilkan seiring berlangsungnya acara. Fitur ini kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Pelajari lebih lanjut dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|dokumentasinya]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|label daftar pantauan]] yang baru (yang diumumkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Berita Teknis 2026-07]]) kini telah tersedia melalui VisualEditor, penyunting sumber, dan "''watchstar''" (pranala pantau). Sebelumnya, pemberian label hanya dapat dilakukan melalui [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. Kini, di ketiga tempat tersebut, tersedia kolom baru yang terletak setelah kolom masa kedaluwarsa. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada halaman pembicaraan di perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Parsoid, yang membuat halaman menjadi tidak dapat digunakan setelah munculnya tajuk bagian yang kosong, kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Fitur subreferensi]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan keterangan pada referensi yang sudah ada tanpa perlu membuatnya dua kali, akan diluncurkan secara bertahap ke [[phab:T414094|lebih banyak wiki]] pada akhir tahun ini. Wiki yang menggunakan gawai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] dianjurkan untuk memperbarui versinya (umumnya berada di [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] seperti ditunjukkan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 di sini]) guna menjaga kompatibilitas. Gawai lain yang berkaitan dengan referensi juga berpotensi terdampak. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * Seluruh edisi Wikinews dijadwalkan untuk ditutup dan dialihkan ke mode hanya-baca pada 4 Mei 2026. Meskipun seluruh konten tetap dapat diakses, tidak akan ada lagi penyuntingan atau penambahan artikel baru. Keputusan penutupan ini telah disetujui oleh Dewan Pengawas Wikimedia Foundation setelah melalui rangkaian diskusi yang panjang. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|API tindakan]] (''action API'') selama ini menyediakan berbagai format keluaran sesuai permintaan. Salah satunya, yaitu <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, akan segera dihentikan. Oleh karena itu, pastikan skrip atau bot yang Anda gunakan telah beralih ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|format JSON]]. Perubahan ini diperkirakan hanya akan berdampak pada sebagian kecil skrip dan bot. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * Halaman [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] kini juga memuat nama lain (alias) ruang nama. Sebagai contoh, "WP" digunakan sebagai alias untuk ruang nama "Project" ("Wikipedia") di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 April 2026 16.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting berpengalaman diundang untuk [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page menguji] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]], yang dirancang untuk membantu penyunting dengan pengalaman lebih terbatas dalam membuat artikel Wikipedia yang terstruktur dengan baik dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang berlaku. Petunjuk pengujian telah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|tersedia]] dan dapat diikuti sebagai panduan. Setelah meninjau [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance kerangka artikel] yang disediakan, mohon memberikan umpan balik melalui [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. Masukan tersebut akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan fitur ini sebelum kemudian diterapkan pada Wikipedia percontohan untuk diterjemahkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap komunitas. Sebuah [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] penjelasan mengenai fitur ini juga tersedia untuk disimak. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di sejumlah besar wiki, kini semua pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed users'') dapat menggunakan halaman [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|membuat halaman baru dengan model konten khusus]], seperti daftar pesan massal, sehingga format halaman tersuai menjadi lebih mudah diakses. Untuk mengetahui statusnya di wiki masing-masing, silakan periksa halaman [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') telah meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|eksperimen pembuatan akun]] untuk mengevaluasi apakah penambahan tombol pembuatan akun pada bagian kepala halaman versi web seluler dapat meningkatkan jumlah pendaftaran akun baru sekaligus mendorong lebih banyak pengguna seluler untuk berkontribusi di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, eksperimen tersebut sedang berlangsung di Wikipedia bahasa Hindi, Indonesia, Bengali, Thai, dan Ibrani, serta menyasar 10% pengguna web seluler yang belum masuk log. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kendala yang menyebabkan VisualEditor berhenti pada proses pemuatan di perangkat Windows ketika animasi dinonaktifkan, kini telah berhasil diatasi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir pekan ini, {{int:group-abusefilter}} yang telah mengaktifkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting di halaman [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]], menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten di berbagai jenis penyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Perkakas dan bot yang mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|API Notifications]] melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi> perlu memperbarui izin OAuth atau BotPassword mereka agar juga mencakup akses ke notifikasi privat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Karena adanya pembaruan pustaka, urutan daftar pada halaman kategori mungkin akan menjadi tidak berurutan mulai Senin, 20 April. Sebuah skrip migrasi akan dijalankan untuk memperbaikinya, dan proses ini dapat berlangsung dari beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari, tergantung pada ukuran wiki (bahkan hingga sekitar satu minggu untuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 April 2026 15.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah dua tahun pengembangan, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], akan diluncurkan dari tahap beta pada Selasa, 21 April. Fitur ini membawa peningkatan keterbacaan kode dan teks wiki, pengurangan kesalahan pengetikan, beserta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|manfaat]] lainnya bagi semua pengguna penyorot sintaks standar. Ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada sukarelawan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] yang telah mengembangkan banyak fitur baru, termasuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|pelipatan kode]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|pemeriksaan sintaks]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebuah pembaruan besar untuk aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS kini sedang diluncurkan, dengan antarmuka yang didesain ulang agar selaras dengan desain visual terbaru Apple, "Liquid Glass". Silakan [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 unduh versi terbaru] dan telusuri pembaruannya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Daftar bacaan]] merupakan fitur yang memungkinkan para pembaca menyimpan artikel ke dalam daftar untuk dibaca nanti. Fitur ini sedang dalam tahap beta di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Mandarin, serta secara bawaan untuk semua akun baru di semua Wikipedia. * Percobaan yang mengeksplorasi perluasan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Pratinjau Halaman ke versi seluler]] akan diluncurkan pada pekan tanggal 20 April di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, Polandia, dan Vietnam. Pratinjau Halaman merupakan jendela sembulan yang menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala untuk membuka artikel lengkap dari pranala berwarna biru, sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam menemukan konten. Fitur ini sudah tersedia di versi desktop dan aplikasi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Lihat selengkapnya mengenai uji coba ini dan uji coba lainnya]]. * Di beberapa wiki, para penyunting yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surel mereka]] sekarang dapat melihat spanduk yang meminta mereka untuk lakukan hal tersebut. Dengan memiliki alamat surel yang terkonfirmasi, pengguna dapat memulihkan akses ke akunnya jika akun tersebut tidak dapat diakses. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:15}} {{PLURAL:15|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pemuatan lambat, tampilan pratinjau yang lambat, dan guliran yang lambat saat menyunting halaman wiki berukuran sangat besar di editor teks wiki 2017, serta masalah kinerja saat memilih, memotong, atau menempelkan konten, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari upaya mempromosikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] dari status fitur beta, seluruh pengguna kini akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] alih-alih [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman konten berformat JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Layanan <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> yang selama ini digunakan oleh pengguna Debian dan Ubuntu akan dihentikan dan tidak lagi berfungsi mulai 15 Mei. Sumber daya yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk layanan ini akan dialihkan ke opsi baru yang dinilai lebih baik. Sejumlah pengguna mungkin perlu beralih ke peladen lain yang diperkirakan hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar satu menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia untuk dibaca]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * Tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> akan dihapus dari [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. Jika perkakas atau kueri yang digunakan masih mengakses tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> atau <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> secara langsung, disarankan untuk segera memperbaruinya agar menggunakan tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> sebelum 28 Mei. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Setelah penerapan terbaru mengenai pembatasan laju global API (''global API rate limits'') pada lalu lintas yang tidak teridentifikasi, Wikimedia Foundation akan melanjutkan upaya untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]] dengan mulai menerapkan pembatasan global juga pada lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi, dimulai pada pekan terakhir April. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin guna meminimalkan dampak terhadap komunitas. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan pada dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] serta bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] kini telah tersedia dalam versi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. API ini berfungsi untuk mengambil informasi yang diperlukan dalam memberikan atribusi (kredit) terhadap artikel dan berkas media Wikimedia di mana pun konten tersebut digunakan. Dokumentasi referensi tersedia melalui halaman spesial REST Sandbox yang dapat diakses di seluruh wiki Wikimedia (misalnya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]). Umpan balik dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 April 2026 15.00 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Terdapat perubahan dalam cara pengguna baru memperoleh status terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') yang bertujuan meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap vandalisme. Selama ini, pengguna yang telah memiliki akun selama beberapa hari dan melakukan sejumlah suntingan akan otomatis masuk ke dalam kelompok [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]]. Namun, pengaturan ini kerap dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian pelaku vandalisme yang membuat akun lalu baru menggunakannya setelah beberapa waktu. Untuk mengatasinya, aturan tersebut akan diperbarui mulai pekan depan. Dalam penentuan status terkonfirmasi otomatis, usia akun akan dihitung sejak suntingan pertama, bukan sejak tanggal pendaftaran. Nilai ambang usia tetap tidak berubah. Perubahan ini hanya akan diterapkan pada wiki yang menuntut sekurang-kurangnya satu suntingan sebagai bagian dari kriteria terkonfirmasi otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * Kini, seluruh pengguna Wikipedia dengan akun baru, serta mereka yang mengaktifkan opsi "Secara otomatis mengaktifkan sebagian besar fitur beta" dalam preferensi, dapat menggunakan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|daftar bacaan]] (''reading lists''). Fitur ini membantu mengelola minat membaca dalam satu tempat agar mudah diakses. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar pada kotak info (''infobox'') memiliki jarak kosong yang sangat besar di Firefox kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai pengingat, pembatasan laju global pada API (''rate limits'') akan mulai diterapkan pekan ini terhadap lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi. Langkah ini bertujuan menjaga [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|penggunaan infrastruktur tetap adil]]. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang disarankan mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk batasan yang berlaku, dapat dilihat pada dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] dan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 April 2026 18.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] mengundang para penyunting berpengalaman dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|Wikipedia percontohan]]: Arab, Bengali, Jepang, Portugis, Persia, Turki, Inggris Sederhana, Spanyol, dan Prancis, untuk turut membantu menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance contoh kerangka artikel]. Kerangka ini akan menjadi pedoman bagi para penyunting dalam menyusun artikel yang jelas, terstruktur dengan baik, dan sesuai dengan kebijakan, saat [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle fitur tersebut] resmi diluncurkan pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Petunjuk sederhana]] mengenai cara menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan kerangka tersebut juga telah disediakan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|rancangan rekomendasi]] mengenai model yang dapat diikuti oleh para organisasi afiliasi ketika berkontribusi di ranah teknis. Anggota komunitas diundang untuk memberikan umpan balik terhadap rekomendasi ini hingga 8 Mei melalui [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Jumlah pilihan ukuran keluku (''thumbnail'') di MediaWiki kini disederhanakan menjadi tiga opsi baku: Kecil (180 piksel), Sedang (250 piksel), dan Besar (400 piksel), sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kinerja serta mengurangi beban pada layanan keluku. Akibatnya, preferensi yang sudah ada akan dipetakan ke ukuran baru yang paling mendekati (misalnya, pilihan kecil seperti 120 piksel atau 150 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 180 piksel, sementara pilihan lebih besar seperti 300 piksel atau 360 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 400 piksel). Antarmuka preferensi akan segera diperbarui untuk mencerminkan perubahan ini. Pengguna yang ingin menonaktifkan atau memberikan umpan balik dipersilakan melakukannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * Mulai saat ini, bahkan ketika suatu hak akses berakhir secara otomatis, pengguna tetap akan menerima pemberitahuan melalui Echo yang serupa dengan pemberitahuan standar untuk perubahan hak akses. Hal ini berbeda dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|bot pengingat global]] yang mengingatkan pengguna satu minggu ''sebelum'' hak akses berakhir agar dapat diperpanjang. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada pemilih bahasa ULS di [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] yang sebelumnya dapat bergulir secara vertikal meskipun tidak diperlukan, kini telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, saat pengguna membuka menu tarik-turun "Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris" dan mengetikkan masukan tertentu, kotak dialog akan bergeser beberapa piksel ke bawah meskipun ruang tampilan masih mencukupi. Kini, menu tersebut tidak lagi bergeser secara tidak perlu saat menyaring bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami peningkatan. Sebagai contoh, daftar pantauan untuk situs berbasis Wikibase seperti [[:d:|Wikidata]] kini mendukung elemen [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] untuk pelacakan yang lebih baik. Mode pembaruan langsung kini menyegarkan halaman khusus setiap 60 detik agar selaras dengan pembatasan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|laju API global terbaru]], sehingga meningkatkan respons waktu nyata. Selain itu, kesalahan arah teks yang sebelumnya menampilkan pranala sebagai "perubahan 3" alih-alih "3 perubahan" dalam daftar dengan arah campuran juga telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tahap kedua penerapan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|pembatasan laju API global]] telah diluncurkan untuk mengurangi [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|dampak perayap kecerdasan buatan]] serta memastikan akses yang adil dan berkelanjutan terhadap sumber daya Wikimedia, dengan memprioritaskan lalu lintas manusia dan yang selaras dengan misi. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Batasan]] yang sebelumnya dihitung per jam kini diubah menjadi per menit, sehingga menghasilkan pola lalu lintas yang lebih halus dan beban API yang lebih terprediksi. Pengguna komunitas diperkirakan tidak akan terdampak, dan tidak ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan. Indikasi awal menunjukkan bahwa sebagian peminta berbasis User-Agent mulai menyesuaikan perilakunya, dan sekitar 64% lalu lintas API otomatis telah berhasil diidentifikasi. Pemantauan terus dilakukan, dan layanan Wikimedia Enterprise tetap tersedia untuk dukungan komersial. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Méi 2026 20.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas Teknis telah mempublikasikan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|panduan baru]] yang menjelaskan bagaimana keinginan pada Daftar Harapan Komunitas disaring dan diprioritaskan. Dokumentasi ini bertujuan untuk membantu kontributor baru dalam menulis proposal yang lebih baik dengan menjelaskan faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan prioritas. Selain hitungan suara, panduan ini menyorot pertimbangan seperti potensi dampak pada komunitas ketika menentukan keinginan yang akan diteruskan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca sedang meluncurkan pengujian untuk menakar [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|fitur Kartu Berbagi]] yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk membuat kartu yang menarik secara visual dari artikel Wikipedia atau bagian artikel yang dipilih dan membagikannya secara daring. Setiap kartu akan menautkan kembali ke artikel awal untuk meningkatkan pembaca dan penemuan artikel. Pengujian A/B hanya perangkat seluler akan tersedia pada beberapa pembaca di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tiongkok, Prancis, Vietnam, dan Inggris untuk memahami lebih lanjut tentang kebiasaan pembaca dan pembagian, dan akan dijadwalkan dimulai pada pekan 18 Mei dan berjalan selama empat minggu. * Aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dan iOS meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|tantangan membaca 25 hari]] ke fitur Beta sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan pembaca dengan mendorong pengguna menyelesaikan pencapaian bacaan. Untuk melacak rentetan bacaan mereka selama periode tantangan, pengguna aplikasi dapat menambahkan gawit Baby Globe pada layar utama mereka. Tantangan ini secara resmi dimulai pada 11 Mei. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:17}} {{PLURAL:17|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, masalah ketika pengaturan global untuk mengaktifkan penyorotan sintaks pada teks wiki dapat menonaktifkan dirinya sendiri secara tiba-tiba setelah diaktifkan, sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Perihal kelanjutan]] Modul ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, sudah dihentikan sejak [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], akan dihapus pekan ini. Terdapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|panduan untuk memigrasikannya dari UI MediaWiki ke Codex]] untuk perkakas apa pun yang menggunakannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Méi 2026 19.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Abstract Wikipedia telah mengidentifikasi lima wiki potensial untuk menilai ketertarikan mereka dalam mengadopsi artikel abstrak di wiki masing-masing. Wiki percontohan tersebut meliputi Wikipedia bahasa Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arab, dan Indonesia. Masa pemberian masukan akan dibuka hingga 22 Mei. Jika komunitas Anda tertarik menjadi bagian dari proyek uji coba ini, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|silakan beri tahu kami melalui Meta]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebuah uji coba untuk menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log di web seluler akan dimulai pada 18 Mei di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, serta Urdu, dan berlangsung selama satu bulan. Upaya ini mendukung tujuan yang lebih luas untuk membantu pembaca menyimpan dan mengatur artikel agar dapat dibaca kembali di lain waktu, sekaligus mendorong kebiasaan yang berpotensi mengarah pada kontribusi di Wikipedia pada masa mendatang. * Untuk mendukung tombol markah dalam fitur beta Daftar Bacaan, menu "Perkakas > Tindakan" kini diperbarui dengan tampilan ikon, termasuk penanda bintang pantauan yang membantu penyunting mengenali artikel yang dipantau sementara. Ikon-ikon tersebut kini juga disesuaikan dengan tampilan di perangkat seluler sehingga menciptakan konsistensi antarplatform yang lebih baik. Perubahan ini saat ini masih terbatas pada menu tindakan dan terutama memengaruhi penyunting dengan hak pengguna khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] telah dirilis sebagai sebuah [[w:en:A/B test|uji A/B]] bagi penyunting baru di situs web seluler pada [[phab:T421189|sekitar 15 Wikipedia]]. Eksperimen ini akan mengukur dampak Mode Saran terhadap persentase sesi penyuntingan pengguna baru di web seluler yang menghasilkan suntingan artikel yang konstruktif (''unreverted''). Selain itu, uji coba ini juga akan mengevaluasi pengaruh fitur tersebut terhadap tingkat retensi penyunting, serta memantau perubahan pada tingkat pengembalian suntingan (''revert'') dan pemblokiran pengguna. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang terkadang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat setelah membuka notifikasi daftar bacaan rekomendasi kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata]] telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|rekomendasi pengganti sistem sisi belakang]] beserta rancangan [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|arsitektur teknis]] untuk migrasi Layanan Kueri Wikidata (WDQS) dari grap Blazegraph. Masukan dibuka hingga 25 Mei 2026, terutama berkenaan dengan kemungkinan celah maupun dampaknya terhadap penggunaan tingkat lanjut. Anggota komunitas Wikidata dan pengguna WDQS juga didorong untuk membantu mengidentifikasi perkakas dan alur kerja berdampak tinggi yang mungkin memerlukan perhatian lebih pada [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|halaman terkait]]. Masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|halaman pembicaraan migrasi]] atau saat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|sesi pembicaraan berikutnya]]. Lihat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala tim WDP]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Jepang, dan beberapa bahasa lainnya, sempat dilakukan [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|uji coba penggunaan hCaptcha]], layanan pendeteksi bot pihak ketiga. Uji coba tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hCaptcha cukup efektif dalam mendeteksi dan menghambat sejumlah aktivitas otomatis yang dilakukan dengan niat buruk, baik secara langsung maupun dengan memberikan sinyal tambahan kepada [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|para pemeriksa dan penatalayan]] untuk melakukan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Karena hasilnya dinilai positif, hCaptcha akan diterapkan di seluruh wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|Lihat halaman proyek hCaptcha]] untuk informasi teknis mengenai implementasi dan perlindungan privasinya. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Kabar terbaru dari Teknis Komunitas kini telah tersedia, menampilkan perkembangan berbagai inisiatif Daftar Harapan Komunitas, termasuk perluasan fitur Daftar Bacaan dari aplikasi seluler ke situs web, dukungan bahasa baru untuk fitur "Siapa yang Menulisnya" ("''Who Wrote That''") dan Dasbor Pribadi, peningkatan pada perenderan 3D dan grafik, serta rencana pengembangan mendatang mengenai pengurutan halaman pembicaraan, pemutaran audio, dan alur penyuntingan. Pembaruan tersebut juga membagikan prioritas saat ini, tren status daftar harapan, serta peluang bagi komunitas untuk memberikan masukan mengenai fokus pengembangan di masa depan dan Rencana Tahunan Wikimedia Foundation 2026–2027. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Baca nawala lengkapnya untuk informasi lebih lanjut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18 Méi 2026 20.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|uji coba pembuatan akun berjalan dengan sukses]], pesan peringatan penyuntingan bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki Wikimedia pada minggu pertama Juni. Perubahan ini hanya akan memengaruhi pengguna yang belum masuk log di web seluler ketika mereka membuka sesi penyuntingan. Pengalaman baru tersebut dirancang untuk mendorong pembuatan akun dengan lebih jelas, sambil tetap memungkinkan pengguna menyunting menggunakan akun sementara. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pembuatan akun, dengan kenaikan relatif sebesar 27% pada pengguna yang melihat pesan terbaru tersebut. Seperti yang diperkirakan, semakin banyak pengguna yang diarahkan untuk membuat akun, jumlah akun sementara pun menurun sebesar 16% secara relatif. Percobaan ini tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan terhadap tingkat suntingan konstruktif atau metrik kontributor lain yang dipantau. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Demi alasan keamanan, anggota dari kelompok pengguna tertentu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Anggota dari kelompok tersebut tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan metode 2FA terakhir pada akun mereka, dan pengguna tanpa 2FA juga tidak dapat ditambahkan ke kelompok tersebut. Pengguna masih dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama setidaknya satu metode tetap aktif setiap saat. Dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok tersebut. Secara khusus, ketentuan ini berlaku juga bagi para birokrat. Jadwal penerapannya dapat dilihat pada tugas terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Tim Harapan Teknis Wikimedia Deutschland]] akan menjalankan [[w:en:A/B testing|uji A/B]] di [[:phab:T415904|10 wiki]] untuk menguji sejumlah kemungkinan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|Pratayang Referensi]]. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama sekitar dua minggu pada akhir Mei hingga awal Juni, dan akan memengaruhi 10% pembaca desktop di wiki yang berpartisipasi. * Setelah dua uji coba yang berhasil, tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penelusuran Gambar]] untuk seluruh Wikipedia versi seluler pada 25 Mei. Dengan demikian, pengguna yang mengaktifkan seluruh fitur beta secara bawaan akan mulai melihat fitur ini, sementara pengguna lain dapat mengaktifkannya melalui preferensi masing-masing. Fitur beta tersebut akan menampilkan karusel seluruh gambar dalam sebuah artikel di bagian atas halaman artikel, lengkap dengan [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|kendali bagi penyunting untuk mengecualikan gambar tertentu dari karusel artikel atau mengecualikan artikel sepenuhnya dari fitur ini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, berkas STL tiga dimensi sebelumnya ditampilkan secara tidak tepat oleh ekstensi penampil media (''media viewer'') 3D, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelas CSS lama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> telah digantikan oleh <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> karena kedua kelas lama tersebut tidak bekerja secara konsisten di seluruh platform MediaWiki, terutama pada web seluler dan aplikasi seluler. Proyek yang masih menggunakan kelas tersebut dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaannya dan mulai merencanakan migrasi. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> juga berpotensi tidak digunakan lagi di masa mendatang, meskipun saat ini belum ada rencana untuk melakukannya. [[phab:T426452|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Méi 2026 21.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Survey (proposed direction for Wishlist) == Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}. You are invited to voice your opinion on a new [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|community-proposed direction]] for the [[m:Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 29 Méi 2026 03.07 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:기나ㅏㄴ@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%E3%85%8F%E3%84%B4/MassMessage&oldid=30604233 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menjalankan sebuah eksperimen untuk menampilkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|daftar bacaan]], yang saat ini masih dalam tahap pengembangan, kepada pembaca seluler yang belum masuk log. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji apakah fitur tersebut dapat mendorong pembuatan akun dengan tingkat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tombol bintang pantauan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|Eksperimen ]]ini diluncurkan pada 18 Mei di wiki bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, dan Urdu, serta akan berlangsung selama satu bulan. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia telah merilis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Fase 1]] dari beranda yang telah didesain ulang pada aplikasi Android Beta. Beranda baru ini mencakup tab "Komunitas" yang diperbarui serta tab "Untuk Anda" yang dipersonalisasi, yang menampilkan rekomendasi bacaan yang diperbarui setiap hari. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan penemuan konten serta menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih menarik di aplikasi Wikipedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat pada beberapa suntingan yang disarankan di [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], sehingga keluku (''thumbnail'') terus berada dalam keadaan memuat, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Juni 2026 21.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Enterprise telah meningkatkan batas penggunaan gratis layanan API yang ditawarkannya. Batas permintaan bulanan untuk API Berdasarkan Permintaan (''On-Demand API'') meningkat dari 5.000 menjadi 50.000 permintaan, sedangkan batas untuk API Salinan Data (''Snapshot API'') meningkat dari 15 menjadi 30 permintaan per bulan. Selain itu, salinan data Konten Terstruktur (''Structured Contents snapshot'') kini juga tersedia bagi akun gratis. Perubahan ini memperluas akses terhadap data Wikimedia Enterprise bagi pengembang, peneliti, dan organisasi yang memanfaatkan konten Wikimedia. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Umpan Jelajah (''Explore Feed'') yang telah diperbarui]] dan kini bernama Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') mulai diluncurkan kepada 50% pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android. Umpan Beranda membantu pembaca menemukan konten yang relevan melalui dua tab baru, yaitu Komunitas (''Community'') dan Untuk Anda (''For You''). Tab Komunitas menyediakan aliran konten yang dapat digulir berisi materi pilihan dan pembaruan dari komunitas dan gerakan Wikimedia secara luas. Sementara itu, tab Untuk Anda menawarkan pengalaman layar penuh yang dapat dijelajahi dengan menggeser layar, menampilkan konten yang disesuaikan dengan minat pengguna. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan kemudahan menemukan informasi serta memperkaya pengalaman belajar di aplikasi Wikipedia. * Permainan kuis harian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Mana yang lebih dulu?]] (''Which came first?'') kini tersedia dalam versi beta aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. Permainan ini memanfaatkan peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah dari konten Wikipedia "Pada Hari Ini" dan menantang pembaca untuk menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu di antara dua pilihan yang diberikan. Sebelumnya, permainan ini telah dirilis untuk Android. Komunitas yang ingin menghadirkan permainan tersebut dalam bahasa mereka dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|membaca petunjuk dan persyaratan yang tersedia]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]], fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali referensi yang sama dengan penjelas yang berbeda, akan mulai diluncurkan ke wiki Wikimedia setelah sukses melewati tahap uji coba. Penerapan akan dimulai pada 8 Juni untuk sebagian besar [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|wiki Kelompok 1]] dan Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, kemudian diperluas ke edisi Wikipedia dalam bahasa lain selama beberapa bulan mendatang. Komunitas dianjurkan untuk melakukan persiapan dengan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate memeriksa apakah masih ada pesan ekstensi Cite yang belum diterjemahkan] ke dalam bahasa mereka, dan meninjau penggunaan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] yang mungkin memerlukan [[:phab:T416304#11668731|pembaruan]] agar mendukung fungsi baru tersebut. Wiki yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun. Komunitas juga dapat mempertimbangkan untuk membuat [[Special:TrackingCategories|kategori pelacakan]] ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' sebagai kategori tersembunyi menggunakan <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (atau templat khusus), lalu menghubungkannya dengan butir Wikidata yang sesuai, yaitu [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Eksperimen Pratayang Halaman (''Page Previews'')]] di Wikipedia versi web seluler telah berakhir. Tim memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas setelah hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa fitur ini tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap tingkat retensi pembaca, yang merupakan metrik keberhasilan utama. Pratayan Halaman, yang saat ini sudah tersedia pada versi desktop dan aplikasi, menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala menuju artikel lengkap ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Eksperimen ini menguji pengalaman tersebut pada versi web seluler di enam Wikipedia. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|Pustaka ikon antarmuka pengguna]] akan [[phab:T399175|diperbarui pada pekan ini atau pekan depan]]. Sebagian besar dari sekitar 300 ikon yang ada telah mengalami penyempurnaan kecil, dan sekitar 30 ikon baru telah ditambahkan. Perubahan ini bertujuan menjadikan ikon lebih konsisten, lebih mudah dipahami, serta memiliki keseimbangan visual yang lebih baik ketika digunakan secara berkelompok. * Antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Pemilih Bahasa Universal]] (''Universal Language Selector'' atau ULS) di MediaWiki, yang membantu pengguna memilih konten dalam bahasa lain, telah diperbarui. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kecepatan dan aksesibilitas. Pengguna proyek Wikimedia kini juga dapat menyematkan bahasa tertentu agar proses berpindah bahasa menjadi lebih cepat. Penerapan ke situs-situs Wikimedia akan dilakukan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu ke depan. Fitur ini sudah dapat diuji sebagai [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] melalui pengaturan preferensi profil, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada dasbor Pageviews Analysis di pageviews.wmcloud.org, yang menyebabkan data grafik berhenti diperbarui sejak Mei 2026 dan memengaruhi seluruh pengguna, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tanda tangan fungsi (''function signature'') untuk <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> kini telah disederhanakan. Pengembang sekarang dapat memberikan sebuah objek konfigurasi sebagai parameter, menggantikan daftar parameter posisi yang sebelumnya digunakan saat membuat pranala portlet. Format lama tetap didukung demi menjaga kompatibilitas dengan skrip yang sudah ada. Sebagai contoh, alih-alih menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi>, pengembang kini dapat menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Para pemelihara skrip dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> yang sudah ada dan memperbaruinya bila diperlukan. Perubahan ini akan tersedia di seluruh wiki mulai 11 Juni. Terima kasih kepada sukarelawan komunitas Gerges yang telah berkontribusi dalam pengembangan peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Diskusi Daftar Harapan Komunitas:''' Tim Produk dan Teknologi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|memperkenalkan sejumlah perubahan]] yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan kompleksitas usulan komunitas yang dapat diwujudkan, termasuk pembubaran tim Teknis Komunitas. Saat ini sedang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|berlangsung diskusi]] dengan anggota komunitas mengenai [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|arah baru yang diusulkan untuk program daftar harapan tersebut]]. Topik yang dibahas mencakup cara menyusun pemungutan suara tahunan, peningkatan pelacakan usulan, penghapusan fokus area tertentu, serta pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|penugasan staf]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juni 2026 21.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penjelajahan Gambar]] (''Image Browsing'') pada versi web seluler di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini menampilkan korsel gambar di bagian atas artikel yang memiliki tiga gambar atau lebih. Para penyunting dapat mengatur fitur ini melalui beberapa kontrol yang tersedia. Untuk menyembunyikan gambar tertentu dari suatu halaman, gunakan <code>class=notpageimage</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak ditampilkan dalam pratinjau keluku, atau gunakan <code>class=noviewer</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak tersedia di MediaViewer. Korsel gambar juga dapat dinonaktifkan sepenuhnya pada suatu halaman dengan menggunakan kata magis <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. Untuk memberikan masukan atau melaporkan galat, silakan kunjungi [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Tabel wiki]] (''wikitable'') kini dapat langsung [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|diurutkan dalam urutan menurun]] pada klik pertama dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> pada sel tajuk. Sebelumnya, secara bawaan, klik pertama pada tajuk kolom akan mengurutkan data dalam urutan menaik. Penambahan ini memberikan kendali dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar dalam pengaturan tabel, sementara perilaku bawaan untuk klik berikutnya tetap tidak berubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] (''Article guidance'') saat ini sedang diuji coba kepada sebagian penyunting yang membuat artikel baru di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki. Dalam waktu dekat, uji coba juga akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Arab dan Wikipedia bahasa Bengali. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|Fitur ini]] menyediakan panduan yang disusun dan dikurasi oleh komunitas untuk membantu penyunting membuat artikel yang sesuai dengan standar komunitas setempat. Para penyunting berpengalaman dapat terus membuat atau menyesuaikan kerangka artikel untuk jenis-jenis artikel tertentu yang umumnya dibuat oleh kontributor yang lebih baru. Kerangka tersebut berfungsi sebagai panduan agar penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman dapat menghasilkan artikel berkualitas tinggi. Panduan singkat mengenai markah yang digunakan dalam kerangka artikel tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|halaman ini]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Contoh kerangka]] yang dapat disesuaikan beserta petunjuk penyesuaiannya juga tersedia pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|bagian terkait]] di halaman proyek tersebut. * Wiki yang ingin mengganti tombol "indefinitely" pada halaman Special:Block untuk akun sementara (misalnya wiki yang hanya memblokir pengguna sementara hingga masa berlaku akun berakhir) kini dapat melakukannya dengan membuat halaman [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] dan menentukan durasi pemblokiran yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:41}} {{PLURAL:41|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir Juni, pengunduhan data arsip (''dump data'') secara otomatis dari situs dumps.wikimedia.org akan mewajibkan penggunaan untaian ''user-agent'' yang sahih. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan ''user-agent'' umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Kebijakan ini merupakan [[phab:T400119|perluasan dari penegakan]] [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] yang telah lama berlaku. Akses terhadap arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Cloud Services'') tidak akan mengalami perubahan. * Penerapan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|batas laju API]] global kini telah selesai sepenuhnya. Batas tersebut sudah diberlakukan pada seluruh API sesuai tingkat yang telah didokumentasikan untuk setiap kelompok pengguna. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge atau Wikimedia Cloud Services (WMCS), maupun bot yang memiliki hak pengguna bot pada wiki mana pun, tetap dikecualikan dari pembatasan ini. Seluruh bot tetap dianjurkan mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah didokumentasikan untuk menghindari pembatasan laju permintaan. * [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wiki Portal API] akan beralih ke mode hanya-baca mulai pekan ini (15–18 Juni). Pada pekan berikutnya (22–25 Juni), seluruh URL API Portal akan dialihkan ke dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs di mediaWiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek tersebut]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pada 17 Juni pukul 18.00 UTC, Wikimedia Foundation akan menyelenggarakan panggilan Discord yang berfokus pada proses tinjauan kode (''code review''). Berdasarkan hasil [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang]], banyak sukarelawan menyampaikan bahwa mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam proses tinjauan kode. Melalui diskusi ini, Wikimedia Foundation berharap dapat memahami pengalaman tersebut dan menemukan solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Siapa pun yang berminat dapat bergabung [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 melalui peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Konferensi Wikimedia Amerika Latin]] akan menyelenggarakan sebuah ''hackathon'' regional yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pengembang, pengurus sistem, ilmuwan data, dan pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan. Kontributor teknis yang berminat dapat [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform mengajukan beasiswa] partisipasi hingga 21 Juni pukul 00.00 waktu Bolivia (UTC−4). * Pendaftaran Tantangan Tim Wikimania kini telah dibuka. Kegiatan khusus ini akan berlangsung secara daring maupun luring pada 21–22 Juli, menjelang konferensi Wikimania. Semua orang dipersilakan untuk berpartisipasi, tanpa memandang tingkat keterampilan ataupun status pendaftaran Wikimania. Setiap tim akan bekerja sama menyelesaikan sepuluh tantangan penting yang mendukung komunitas Wikimedia. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|halaman Tantangan Tim]] dan [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ mendaftar di sana]. Pendaftaran akan ditutup pada 20 Juni pukul 23.00 UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Juni 2026 16.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]] [[phab:T418115|kini telah tersedia di Wikidata]]. Pembaruan ini memungkinkan akses ke fitur Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|jika telah diatur]]), modul Dampak, Panel Bantuan, dan Beranda Pendatang Baru yang disederhanakan (tanpa fitur Suntingan yang Disarankan). Para pengurus Wikidata saat ini masih mengatur fitur-fitur tersebut melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman khusus [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] telah dibuat. Halaman ini memungkinkan pengguna menemukan rentang alamat IP tanpa perlu mengandalkan perkakas eksternal. Sebelumnya, perkakas ini hanya tersedia bagi pengguna dengan hak Pemeriksa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]] merupakan fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali suatu rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda-beda. Fitur ini akan diterapkan pada sebagian besar Wikipedia bahasa berukuran kecil dan menengah pada 23 Juni. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|Halaman Tanya Jawab]] (FAQ) memuat berbagai langkah yang dapat dilakukan di wiki Anda untuk mendukung penerapan tersebut. [[:phab:T414094|Rencana peluncuran]] juga tersedia untuk melihat tahapan penerapan berikutnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Mulai pekan depan, pengguna akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika mereka diblokir atau dicabut pemblokirannya dari penyuntingan, atau apabila terdapat perubahan terhadap pemblokiran tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan depan, penyaring penyalahgunaan yang diatur untuk "memerlukan verifikasi CAPTCHA" juga akan berlaku bagi pengguna yang memiliki hak <code>skipcaptcha</code>, termasuk sebagian besar pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi secara otomatis (''autoconfirmed''). Bot dikecualikan dari perubahan ini. Perubahan tersebut hanya memengaruhi suntingan yang memicu suatu penyaring penyalahgunaan. Hak <code>skipcaptcha</code> tetap akan membebaskan pengguna dari keharusan menyelesaikan CAPTCHA dalam penggunaan wiki sehari-hari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Dokumentasi rujukan untuk [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] telah dipindahkan dari Portal API ke [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox] yang bersifat interaktif. * Wiki Portal API kini telah ditutup. Untuk dokumentasi API, silakan merujuk ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|API Wikimedia di MediaWiki]]. Seluruh URL wiki Portal API (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) akan dialihkan ke halaman mediawiki.org mulai 22 Juni. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Bergabunglah dalam pertemuan daring pada 25 Juni pukul 14.30 UTC untuk berkenalan dengan para pemagang Wikimedia saat ini dalam program [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] dan [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Para peserta magang akan memberikan gambaran umum mengenai proyek yang mereka kerjakan dan pemaparan singkat tentang hasil pekerjaan mereka sejauh ini. Para peserta yang hadir juga didorong untuk [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|berbagi gagasan dan menjalin koneksi dengan komunitas masing-masing]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 13.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Eksperimen Pembuatan Akun]], tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') menguji penambahan ikon akun pengguna pada tajuk versi web seluler bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log. Ikon tersebut menyediakan akses langsung ke opsi "Buat akun" dan "Masuk log". Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ini meningkatkan pembuatan akun sekitar 20% tanpa berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas suntingan atau tingkat suntingan yang bersifat konstruktif. Fitur ini akan mulai diterapkan di seluruh wiki Wikimedia Foundation pada versi web seluler pada minggu pertama bulan Juli. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * Setelah melalui [[phab:T426248|uji coba yang berhasil]], pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surelnya]] saat akun dibuat kini akan melihat sebuah spanduk baru yang mengingatkan mereka untuk menyelesaikan proses tersebut. Langkah ini membantu mengurangi risiko pengguna kehilangan akses ke akun mereka, dan meningkatkan keandalan alamat surel yang terhubung dengan akun. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * Pembaruan pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] menyempurnakan cara kerja <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> ketika digunakan untuk mengecualikan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> dengan negasi dapat secara tidak sengaja memperluas hasil pencarian dengan menambahkan ruang nama yang termasuk dalam cakupan pencarian, sehingga perilakunya membingungkan bagi pengguna yang mengharapkan penyaring pengecualian yang sederhana. Melalui pembaruan ini, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> kini hanya akan mengecualikan judul halaman yang sesuai sebagaimana mestinya, dan dapat menampilkan peringatan apabila ruang nama yang relevan belum dipilih secara eksplisit. Sementara itu, perilaku <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> tanpa negasi tetap tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan peninjau yang menggunakan bilah alat Kurasi Halaman (''Page Curation'') tidak secara otomatis berlangganan diskusi halaman pembicaraan yang mereka mulai kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, peninjau akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika seseorang membalas diskusi tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 29 Juni, unduhan otomatis dari situs web dumps.wikimedia.org akan mengikuti [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan agen pengguna]]. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan agen pengguna umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Akses ke arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia tidak akan terpengaruh. Perubahan ini merupakan tindak lanjut dari pengumuman yang disampaikan pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Berita Teknis edisi 2026/25]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juni 2026 11.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada bilah pencarian di Wikidata yang sebelumnya menampilkan hasil dalam bahasa Inggris alih-alih menggunakan bahasa kedua yang sesuai bagi pengguna varian bahasa kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, saran pencarian akan mengikuti rantai bahasa kedua yang diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai persiapan menuju [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|kampanye Celebrate Women]] yang direncanakan berlangsung pada Maret 2027, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|tim Pemberdayaan Konten]] dari Wikimedia Foundation meluncurkan survei yang terdiri atas 22 pertanyaan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai kontribusi teknis yang dilakukan oleh perempuan+ (siapa pun yang mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai perempuan) di berbagai proyek Wikimedia. Survei ini membutuhkan waktu sekitar 15–20 menit untuk diselesaikan dan akan tetap dibuka hingga 20 Juli 2026. Seluruh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|pertanyaannya]] juga telah tersedia di wiki sehingga dapat ditinjau terlebih dahulu. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Ekstensi Score]] kini mendukung penyajian partitur musik dalam format gambar SVG selain PNG. Pembaruan ini menjawab [[:phab:T49578|permintaan fitur]] yang telah lama diajukan, sekaligus mengatasi masalah kualitas gambar yang selama ini terjadi. Kedua format tersebut kini akan dikirimkan kepada pengguna: format PNG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> dan SVG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi>. * Pengurai [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] yang baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|terus diterapkan ke wiki lainnya]] untuk mempermudah pengenalan berbagai fitur baru dalam membaca dan menyunting. Pengurai ini kini telah diaktifkan di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, sehingga cakupan penerapannya telah mencapai 78,9% dari seluruh tampilan halaman Wikipedia. Penerapan pada Wikipedia bahasa Inggris versi desktop akan terus berlanjut sepanjang pekan ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|Tulisan rangkuman]] mengenai Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 kini telah diterbitkan. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai proyek, sesi, dan kegiatan sosial yang berlangsung selama acara tahun ini, dan membagikan rencana awal penyelenggaraan Wikimedia Hackathon 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Juli 2026 13.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revisi Nada]] (''Revise Tone'') membantu pengguna baru mengenali bagian-bagian dalam artikel Wikipedia yang mungkin menggunakan bahasa yang kurang sesuai dengan gaya ensiklopedis, sekaligus mengajaknya untuk mempertimbangkan penyuntingan ulang agar nada tulisannya lebih tepat. Fitur ini telah diuji melalui [[w:en:A/B_testing|pengujian A/B]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penyelesaian tugas oleh pengguna baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|meningkat sebesar 38,7%]] dibandingkan dengan tugas penyuntingan teks bawaan, tanpa penurunan kualitas suntingan. Uji coba tersebut berakhir pada 9 Juli, dan kini fitur ini tersedia bagi semua pengguna di wiki-wiki tersebut, dan dapat diatur melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. Selanjutnya, fitur ini [[phab:T426364|direncanakan]] akan diluncurkan ke lebih banyak wiki. * Konfigurasi komunitas yang memungkinkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|pembimbing tidak aktif dihapus secara otomatis]] berdasarkan kriteria yang dapat disesuaikan akan mulai diaktifkan pada hari Kamis, 16 Juli, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|di sejumlah wiki]] agar daftar pembimbing tetap mutakhir. Pembimbing merupakan kontributor berpengalaman yang secara sukarela mendaftarkan diri untuk membantu pengguna baru di wiki melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]]. Pengurus kini dapat menyiapkan pengaturannya melalui [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]. Pengaturan tersebut akan mulai berlaku pada hari Kamis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:38}} {{PLURAL:38|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android langsung keluar log sesaat setelah masuk log (''login'') sehingga mereka tidak dapat tetap masuk log dan menyunting halaman, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Penyuntingan halaman menggunakan skrip pengguna atau gawai sebelumnya menyebabkan label daftar pantauan yang telah ditetapkan pengguna pada halaman tersebut kembali ke kondisi awal. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * Sebagai solusi sementara untuk mengatasi bug pada Safari (lihat [[phab:T425211]]), pada wiki yang telah mengaktifkan Parsoid, atribut href pada pranala wiki kini menggunakan URL absolut, alih-alih URL relatif terhadap protokol (''protocol-relative URL''). Keluaran REST API tidak mengalami perubahan dan tetap menggunakan URL relatif terhadap protokol. Oleh karena itu, gawai, skrip pengguna, bot, atau CSS mungkin perlu disesuaikan apabila sebelumnya bergantung pada penggunaan URL relatif terhadap protokol dalam atribut href pada pranala wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Platform Eksperimen (''Experiment Platform Team'') dari Wikimedia Foundation telah menerbitkan sebuah tulisan di blog yang merenungkan tahun pertama pelaksanaan uji coba terstruktur mereka. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai eksperimen yang berhasil, seperti Pemeriksaan Tempel, Pemeriksaan Referensi, dan Pemeriksaan Nada Bahasa, yang terbukti meningkatkan hasil penyuntingan dan kini telah diluncurkan kepada lebih banyak pengguna. Selain itu, tulisan tersebut juga membahas sejumlah eksperimen yang pada akhirnya tidak menghasilkan perubahan terhadap produk. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Juli 2026 16.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah menindaklanjuti berbagai masukan dari komunitas mengenai penempatan tombol bintang pantauan (''watchstar'') dan daftar pantauan (''watchlist'') pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|fitur beta Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''). Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca di lain waktu dan merupakan salah satu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|usulan dalam daftar harapan pengembangan]] agar fungsi tersebut tersedia di antarmuka web. Para penyunting diundang untuk mengaktifkan fitur beta ini, mencobanya, dan [[phab:T426453|menyampaikan tanggapan maupun masukan mereka]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] menghadirkan saran penyuntingan di dalam VisualEditor untuk membantu meningkatkan kualitas artikel Wikipedia. [[Special:EditChecks|Seluruh saran]] yang ditampilkan dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|dikonfigurasi oleh komunitas]]. Salah satu fiturnya, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]], memungkinkan para sukarelawan membuat saran lokal yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan wiki masing-masing. Fitur ini bekerja dengan mencari pola teks tertentu di dalam artikel, dan kini telah mendukung penggunaan ekspresi reguler. Dukungan tersebut memberikan ketelitian dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar bagi para sukarelawan dalam menentukan jenis saran lokal yang ingin dibuat. Perlu diketahui bahwa saran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|dapat disasar]] berdasarkan jumlah suntingan penyunting atau berbagai karakteristik lain dari halaman yang sedang disunting. Sebagai referensi, tersedia pula [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|berbagai contoh dari komunitas lain]], termasuk TextMatch yang dapat mendeteksi kesalahan ketik, kesalahan tata bahasa, potensi konten promosi, penggunaan ungkapan klise, kesalahan penggunaan tanda pisah atau tanda hubung, kata-kata penunjuk waktu yang tidak spesifik, nama yang sudah tidak lagi digunakan, dan lain-lain. Segala bentuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|masukan]] sangat diharapkan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada perkakas Penerjemah SVG (''SVG Translate''), yang sebelumnya menggunakan versi berkas yang sudah usang. Akibatnya, terjemahan yang sudah ada dapat tertimpa saat terjemahan baru diunggah. Masalah tersebut [[phab:T430577|kini telah diperbaiki]]. Secara keseluruhan, sepanjang triwulan April–Juni 2026, Wikimedia Foundation telah menyelesaikan sekitar 337 tugas yang diajukan oleh komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada wiki yang telah menggunakan Parsoid, kini jumlah gambar yang dapat dihasilkan dalam satu halaman akan dibatasi hingga 1.250 gambar. Kategori pelacakan baru bernama "media-limit-reached" akan segera tersedia untuk membantu mengidentifikasi halaman yang mencapai batas tersebut. Dengan adanya kategori ini, halaman yang keluaran medianya mungkin dibatasi selama proses render akan lebih mudah ditemukan. Lihat [[phab:T430854]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk menyampaikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2026 05.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Penerjemahan Konten]] (''Content Translation''), kini mendukung mode gelap. Pembaruan ini memenuhi salah satu [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|permintaan dari Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] dan membuat perkakas tersebut selaras dengan fitur aksesibilitas yang telah tersedia pada kulit Vector 2022 dan Minerva. Dengan dukungan ini, pengguna yang menerjemahkan konten dapat mengurangi kelelahan visual saat menggunakan perkakas tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * Mode sumber pada DiscussionTools dan penyunting teks wiki 2017 kini akan menyediakan fitur pelengkapan otomatis untuk pranala (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templat (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), tag HTML dan pengurai (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), dan kata magis (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>). Fitur ini membuat proses penyisipan pranala, templat, dan elemen markah wiki lainnya menjadi lebih cepat dan mudah ketika melakukan penyuntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah menyelesaikan eksperimennya mengenai pratinjau halaman pada perangkat seluler (''mobile page previews'') dan memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas. Pratinjau Halaman (''Page Previews'') merupakan lembar tersembul di bagian bawah layar yang muncul ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Fitur ini menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka artikel, dan opsi untuk membuka artikel tersebut. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan tingkat retensi yang relatif datar dan metrik indikator yang negatif. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembaca Wikipedia melalui web seluler lebih memilih berpindah langsung ke artikel yang ditautkan daripada menggunakan pratinjau halaman. * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca memperoleh hasil awal yang menjanjikan dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|fitur Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''), dengan 93% pengguna yang berpartisipasi melaporkan bahwa fitur tersebut bermanfaat. Fitur ini membantu pembaca aktif menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca kembali di masa mendatang dan mendukung tujuan pembelajaran mereka dalam proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Tim tersebut berencana melakukan peningkatan lebih lanjut sebelum memperluas penggunaan fitur ini kepada lebih banyak pengguna. * Inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Penyegaran Jelajah Umpan]] (''Explore Feed Refresh'') telah diuji coba kepada pembaca baru dan pembaca kasual aplikasi Wikipedia. Tampilan umpan yang diperbarui ini membantu pembaca menemukan artikel baru yang relevan dengan lebih mudah. Setelah fitur tersebut menghasilkan peningkatan interaksi sebesar 10,5% pada penggunaan umpan, tim Aplikasi Wikimedia memutuskan untuk menerapkan desain ulang Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') pada perangkat iOS, dengan memanfaatkan pembelajaran dari peluncuran versi Android. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada fitur Panduan Artikel yang menyebabkan nama subjek ditampilkan dengan penggunaan huruf kapital yang keliru di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis kini telah diperbaiki. Nama subjek tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan sesuai dengan aturan kapitalisasi yang berlaku dalam bahasa terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah melakukan serangkaian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Uji Coba Pembuatan Akun]] untuk meningkatkan persentase pengguna yang berhasil menyelesaikan proses registrasi, versi terbaru kolom nama pengguna pada halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Buat Akun]] kini telah diterapkan. Versi terbaru ini menambahkan jendela sembul yang berisi [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|ringkasan kebijakan nama pengguna]], sehingga pengguna memperoleh panduan yang lebih jelas saat membuat akun. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, pesan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> yang telah dikonfigurasi oleh beberapa komunitas tidak akan digunakan lagi. Jika komunitas ingin menyesuaikan panduan yang ditampilkan pada dialog sembul baru tersebut, mereka dapat menyunting halaman pesan-pesan berikut: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaks CodeMirror]] akan menyediakan pilihan tema. Tema tersebut dapat dipilih melalui menu tarik-turun pada dialog [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|pengaturan lengkap CodeMirror]]. Untuk teks wiki, tema yang tersedia adalah: ''default'' (tampilan standar), ''colorblind-friendly'' (ramah bagi pengguna dengan buta warna; sebelumnya merupakan opsi preferensi buta warna pada [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]), dan ''no-highlighting'' (tanpa penyorotan sintaks). Untuk bahasa pemrograman seperti CSS, JavaScript, JSON, Vue, dan Lua, tersedia beberapa pilihan tema lainnya. Tema-tema yang sama nantinya juga akan tersedia untuk teks wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * Mulai sekarang, wiki dapat membatasi penyuntingan pada ruang nama "Pengguna" hanya kepada pemilik halaman tersebut dan kelompok pengguna tertentu. Silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|membaca dokumentasi konfigurasi]] untuk mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Juli 2026 18.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah mengembangkan sebuah ''[https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo]'' yang mengatur agar bilah perkakas halaman ditampilkan dalam dua baris ketika ruang horizontal tidak mencukupi untuk menampung seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini bertujuan mengurangi kesan sesak pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi di beberapa Wikipedia dalam berbagai bahasa pada lebar layar tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca berencana meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|salah satu usulan dalam Daftar Harapan Komunitas]], sebagai fitur penuh pada bulan September. Saat ini, fitur tersebut sudah dapat dicoba melalui versi beta. Menjelang peluncurannya, dibutuhkan bantuan para penerjemah sukarelawan untuk menerjemahkan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate pesan-pesan antarmuka] ke berbagai bahasa. Fitur ini dirancang untuk mendukung kegiatan membaca sekaligus membantu pengguna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran mereka di Wikipedia. * Mulai pekan depan, daftar isi pada halaman berkas di Wikimedia Commons akan disempurnakan dengan menggabungkan daftar isi khusus halaman berkas ke dalam daftar isi utama halaman. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan pengguna memahami struktur halaman berkas, berpindah ke bagian tertentu dengan lebih mudah, dan membagikan pranala yang langsung mengarah ke bagian yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian gambar berformat [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] gagal dimuat setelah keluku (''thumbnail'') diklik, sehingga yang tampil hanyalah gambar rusak, bukan gambar berukuran penuh, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pemilih variabel dan fungsi pada AbuseFilter kini telah diperbarui dengan dukungan pencarian dan pelengkapan otomatis (''autocomplete''). Pembaruan ini memungkinkan para pengelola penyaring menemukan variabel atau fungsi yang diinginkan dengan lebih cepat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * Format video MJPEG dan VP8 telah dihapus dari pemutar video. Sebagai penggantinya, kini ditambahkan dukungan untuk format MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 2) yang mampu menyajikan video dengan kualitas lebih baik pada perangkat iPhone generasi lama. Proses pembaruan terhadap seluruh video yang sudah ada akan dilakukan secara bertahap dan diperkirakan memerlukan waktu beberapa pekan hingga semuanya selesai diperbarui. Sementara itu, format bawaan yang digunakan untuk perangkat modern tetap tidak berubah, yaitu VP9/WebM. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Agustus 2026 19.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kini [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|tersedia ChartWizard baru di Wikimedia Commons]] bagi pengguna yang ingin membuat bagan dari data mereka sendiri. Fitur ini membuat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|ekstensi Chart]] lebih ramah bagi pemula karena memungkinkan penyunting membuat berbagai jenis bagan, seperti bagan batang dan bagan pai, tanpa perlu menulis kode JSON. Bagi pengguna yang lebih memilih cara tersebut, tersedia pula opsi untuk beralih ke penyunting JSON kapan saja. Masukan dan tanggapan mengenai perkakas baru ini sangat diharapkan melalui [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|halaman pembicaraan usulan terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Salah satu contohnya adalah perbaikan pada gawit Gambar Pilihan Hari Ini di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS. Sebelumnya, gawit tersebut menampilkan gambar yang sama setiap hari alih-alih memperbaruinya secara harian. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gambar SVG untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|rumus matematika]] tidak lama lagi akan dihasilkan secara langsung di sisi peramban, bukan lagi di sisi peladen. Sementara itu, MathML akan tetap dibuat di peladen dan ditampilkan di peramban tanpa memerlukan JavaScript. Perubahan ini akan mulai diterapkan di Wikibooks pada 12 Agustus, di Wikisource pada 19 Agustus, dan di Wikipedia secara bertahap antara 20–27 Agustus. Anda dapat mencobanya lebih awal dengan memilih opsi "Penerapan MathJax di sisi klien" ("''Client side MathJax rendering''") di preferensi. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|penghentian penggunaan RESTBase]] dan [[phab:T431372|Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Halaman kategori akan segera mendukung pengurutan entri berdasarkan waktu saat halaman tersebut ditambahkan ke dalam kategori. Fitur ini akan mempermudah penyunting menemukan halaman yang baru saja dikategorikan maupun yang telah lama berada dalam kategori tersebut. Selain itu, alur kerja untuk kategori pemeliharaan, seperti daftar tunggu penghapusan dan berbagai tugas peninjauan yang bergantung pada urutan waktu, juga akan menjadi lebih efisien. Untuk menggunakan fitur ini, tambahkan argumen URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> pada tampilan kategori agar daftar diurutkan berdasarkan stempel waktu penambahannya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gawai]] dan skrip pengguna di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat memanfaatkan [[phab:T395347|fitur-fitur ES2018]] dan [[phab:T419142|ES2019]] dalam kode JavaScript. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2017. MediaWiki akan tetap memvalidasi kode sumber untuk melindungi fungsionalitas dari kesalahan sintaksis dan memastikan bahwa skrip tetap berjalan dengan baik di seluruh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|peramban yang didukung]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Agustus 2026 20.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Fitur Daftar Kerja]] perkakas Pendaftaran Acara kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Dengan fitur ini, penyelenggara acara dapat menambahkan artikel-artikel yang akan menjadi fokus acara mereka langsung ke halaman acara. Daftar Kerja juga menjadi dasar bagi fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Jalur Acara]], yang akan memberi tahu kontributor lain mengenai acara yang akan berlangsung atau sedang berlangsung ketika mereka menyunting artikel yang tercantum dalam Daftar Kerja acara tersebut. Ini merupakan versi minimum yang layak digunakan (MVP), sehingga masukan dari pengguna sangat diharapkan. Para penyelenggara dianjurkan untuk mencoba fitur ini. Pelatihan praktik [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Lokakarya Penyiapan Daftar Kerja]] akan diselenggarakan pada 18 Agustus pukul 16.00 UTC dan 19 Agustus pukul 11.00 UTC. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] menampilkan halaman-halaman pendek berdasarkan ukurannya. Namun, dalam banyak kasus, halaman tersebut dipenuhi halaman disambiguasi dan pengalihan lunak sehingga artikel-artikel pendek yang sebenarnya menjadi lebih sulit ditemukan. Mulai akhir pekan ini, Anda dapat memilih untuk tidak memasukkan suatu artikel ke halaman khusus tersebut dengan menambahkan kata magis <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q3436680|bahasa Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Mulai pekan 17 Agustus, bilah perkakas halaman akan ditampilkan dalam dua baris apabila ruang horizontal yang tersedia tidak mencukupi untuk menampilkan seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini merupakan tambalan yang telah [[phab:T429518|sepenuhnya digabungkan dari tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] dan bertujuan mengurangi kepadatan pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi pada beberapa Wikipedia dalam bahasa tertentu pada lebar layar tertentu. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:16}} {{PLURAL:16|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pengunggahan berkas berukuran besar ke Wikimedia Commons kini menjadi lebih stabil dan lebih jarang mengalami kegagalan setelah sejumlah perbaikan dilakukan terhadap galat pengunggahan "''Could not acquire lock''". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Dukungan Jangka Panjang (''Long Term Support'') Debian Bullseye akan berakhir pada 31 Agustus 2026. [[phab:T434103|Sejumlah proyek Cloud VPS]] masih memiliki instans yang menjalankan Debian Bullseye. Pengelola proyek-proyek tersebut dianjurkan untuk bermigrasi ke Debian Bookworm atau Debian Trixie. Tersedia [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|panduan migrasi]] untuk membantu proses tersebut. Pengguna juga dapat mempertimbangkan apakah beban kerja mereka lebih sesuai dijalankan di Toolforge. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan atau tidak dapat menyelesaikan migrasi sebelum 31 Agustus, silakan hubungi pengurus Cloud VPS sesegera mungkin. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Agustus 2026 21.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Istimewa:Buat akun]] telah disederhanakan sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk memodernisasi pengalaman pembuatan akun. Panel yang menampilkan statistik proyek kini tidak lagi muncul di samping formulir, baik pada tampilan web desktop maupun seluler. Berbagai eksperimen pembuatan akun menunjukkan bahwa formulir yang lebih sederhana membantu pendatang baru menyelesaikan proses pendaftaran. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * Untuk meningkatkan kinerja halaman, gambar kini dimuat ketika gambar tersebut ditampilkan atau dilihat oleh pembaca. Dengan demikian, gambar yang berada lebih jauh di bagian bawah suatu artikel tidak akan dimuat apabila pembaca tidak pernah menggulir hingga ke bagian tersebut. Perubahan ini dapat memengaruhi sejumlah metrik yang berkaitan dengan gambar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:42}} {{PLURAL:42|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya adalah masalah yang menyebabkan keluku pada Wikipedia Abstrak tidak dapat ditampilkan setelah berkas terkait dipindahkan di Wikimedia Commons. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. Keluku akan diperbarui dengan benar ketika berkas dipindahkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kartu Informasi Pengguna adalah fitur yang membantu para pengawas melihat informasi mengenai akun pengguna. Selama ini, fitur tersebut hanya tersedia di tempat-tempat seperti riwayat halaman, log, dan perubahan terbaru. Kini, kartu tersebut juga dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|ditempatkan di dalam isi halaman]] dengan menggunakan fungsi pengurai <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi>. Fitur ini dapat sangat berguna pada templat seperti [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] atau varian khususnya, karena akan memudahkan pengguna melihat konteks mengenai suatu akun pada berbagai halaman papan pengumuman. Kartu tersebut hanya akan ditampilkan kepada pengguna yang telah mengaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferensi mereka]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Karena adanya risiko terhadap keamanan dan privasi pengguna, akses ke URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> telah dinonaktifkan apabila URL tersebut secara khusus digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Jika Anda terdampak oleh perubahan ini, pertimbangkan apakah Anda dapat menggunakan pendekatan lain. URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> tetap dapat diakses dan digunakan tanpa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. URL halaman pengguna tertentu, misalnya <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>, juga tetap dapat digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan, perangkat lunak untuk membuat keluku telah ditingkatkan. Pembaruan ini mencakup peningkatan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 2.60 dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 7, serta penyelesaian sejumlah masalah lama dalam pembuatan keluku, seperti galat dalam proses perenderannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Agustus 2026 20.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Format baru Daftar Harapan Komunitas kini telah dibuka untuk mendapatkan masukan. Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|membaca gagasan-gagasan yang diusulkan di Meta]]. Proses baru ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan cara harapan komunitas diseleksi dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan prioritas, dipungut suaranya, dan ditetapkan prioritas pengerjaannya, dengan cara yang transparan dan seimbang di berbagai kelompok proyek dan edisi bahasa. Konsultasi ini dibuka selama dua pekan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Rilis terbaru aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android mencakup pembaruan pada fitur Tersimpan, sehingga pengalaman menyimpan artikel di aplikasi kini lebih mendekati pengalaman di aplikasi iOS dan Web. Pembaruan ini mendesain ulang tab Tersimpan dengan tampilan "Semua artikel", menghapus daftar bacaan "Tersimpan" yang sebelumnya tersedia secara bawaan, mengganti nama daftar bacaan menjadi "Koleksi", dan memodernisasi pengalaman menyimpan artikel. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] telah diaktifkan untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log pada Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Tionghoa, Ceko, dan Vietnam pada 25 Agustus, setelah tersedia sebagai fitur beta selama beberapa bulan. Fitur ini akan tersedia untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, dan Indonesia pada 1 September, kemudian di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada 14 September, dan di seluruh wiki Wikipedia lainnya pada 28 September. * Pada akhir bulan ini, sebagian pembaca yang belum masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Persia, Inggris, dan Polandia, yang menggunakan kulit Minerva pada perangkat seluler, akan melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|bilah navigasi yang diperbarui]] dalam sebuah [[w:A/B test|uji A/B]]. Pengujian ini akan membandingkan bilah navigasi saat ini dengan versi baru yang dirancang agar pembaca dapat menemukan informasi dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui apakah perubahan tersebut mendorong pembaca untuk lebih sering kembali. Eksperimen ini tidak akan mengubah pengalaman pengguna yang telah masuk log dan/atau para penyunting. * Para penyunting yang mengelola pengalihan, templat, dan kategori yang digunakan pada halaman pengalihan kini memiliki cara yang lebih baik untuk menemukan dan mengelola pengalihan. Sebelumnya, halaman pengalihan tidak dapat dicari. Dua kata kunci pencarian baru, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, kini memungkinkan pengalihan dicari secara langsung dan dapat digabungkan dengan kata kunci yang sudah ada, seperti <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * Perangkat pencarian ISBN yang digunakan untuk membuat sitasi baru-baru ini tidak berfungsi karena terdapat masalah pada layanan eksternal. Para pengembang sedang mengupayakan solusinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pencarian halaman berdasarkan kategori menggunakan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> tidak memberikan hasil atau justru memberikan hasil yang tidak berkaitan kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Domain URL untuk keluku berubah dari upload.wikimedia.org menjadi thumb.wikimedia.org. URL lama masih dapat digunakan untuk beberapa waktu ke depan, tetapi MediaWiki akan menggunakan domain baru tersebut dalam URL yang ditampilkannya. URL untuk jenis media lainnya, seperti berkas, video, dan hasil transkode asli, tetap akan disajikan melalui upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] kini telah berstatus usang. Titik akhir API tersebut akan dihentikan sepenuhnya pada akhir September 2026. Para pengembang yang menggunakan titik akhir ini harus beralih ke solusi perenderan matematika alternatif, seperti [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] atau [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax] bawaan. Instalasi MediaWiki pihak ketiga yang menggunakan ekstensi Math untuk merender rumus diwajibkan melakukan peningkatan ke versi 1.43 atau yang lebih baru agar layanan tetap dapat digunakan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Baca lebih lanjut mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] dalam tulisan di Diff berjudul [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Saran penyuntingan khusus untuk setiap wiki: Bagaimana komunitas membentuk Mode Saran dengan TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 31 Agustus 2026 20.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Tambahkan Pranala]] telah ditingkatkan untuk pengguna Wikipedia bahasa Inggris dengan kemampuan mendeteksi pranala yang memiliki perbedaan penggunaan huruf besar dan kecil. Perubahan ini akan membantu mengurangi saran yang ambigu akibat perbedaan kapitalisasi dalam judul artikel, termasuk artikel tentang benda budaya. Tahap peningkatan kedua direncanakan akan dilakukan dan juga akan mempersiapkan fitur ini untuk dirilis dalam bahasa lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Panduan artikel]] akan diaktifkan secara bawaan bagi penyunting pemula di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki mulai 10 September 2026, setelah sebelumnya melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|tahap uji coba]]. Penyunting pemula dengan jumlah suntingan 0 hingga 99 akan secara otomatis melihat fitur ini ketika mereka mengeklik pranala merah atau menggunakan opsi "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" di Wikipedia bahasa Turki untuk membuat artikel baru. Perubahan ini ditujukan untuk membantu pengguna baru dalam membuat artikel dengan kualitas yang lebih baik dan memenuhi standar setiap Wikipedia. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Peningkatan lebih lanjut]] akan terus dilakukan berdasarkan hasil eksperimen dan masukan dari komunitas. * Perkakas [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis], yang memungkinkan pengguna membandingkan jumlah kunjungan pada beberapa halaman, genap berusia 10 tahun pada tahun ini dan telah memperoleh sejumlah fitur baru. Fitur-fitur tersebut mencakup [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]], yang memberikan gambaran mengenai cara pembaca Wikipedia menjelajahi konten, statistik penyuntingan di [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], kemampuan [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org mencari artikel yang termasuk dalam suatu ProyekWiki], dan dukungan untuk mode gelap. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * Bilah navigasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|Minerva yang disederhanakan secara visual]] sedang diuji kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log dan menggunakan tampilan web seluler di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Inggris, Farsi, dan Polandia. Uji coba ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah penyederhanaan navigasi dapat meningkatkan retensi pembaca. Pengujian akan berlangsung dari 31 Agustus hingga 28 September dan pengguna tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun dalam uji coba ini. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Harapan Teknis WMDE]] sedang mengupayakan peningkatan pada [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|nama referensi yang dibuat secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Penyunting hanya akan melihat sedikit perubahan mulai pekan ini. Saat nama referensi dibuat secara otomatis, penomoran akan dimulai dari <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi>, bukan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|halaman proyek]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * Semua wiki akan berada dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|kondisi hanya-baca selama beberapa menit]] pada 23 September. Hal ini dijadwalkan berlangsung pada pukul 14.00 UTC. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diterbitkan melalui Berita Teknis dan juga akan dipasang di spanduk setiap wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] salah menangani tag nowiki yang bersarang, sehingga konten dapat hilang dan teks yang tidak diinginkan dapat ditampilkan, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengurus antarmuka dapat mengatur gawai melalui [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. Format definisinya telah diperbarui dan kini tidak lagi memerlukan opsi <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>, karena gawai selalu dimuat melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. Perubahan ini menyederhanakan konfigurasi gawai dengan menghapus opsi yang tidak lagi diperlukan, sehingga definisi gawai menjadi lebih mudah dikelola oleh para pengurus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 Séptémber 2026 18.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Audiens Masa Depan (Future Audiences) telah memulai [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|diskusi di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]] mengenai usulan eksperimen baru untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan sementara tentang fitur [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Sumber Pilihan Google] kepada pembaca Wikipedia yang datang dari Google. Eksperimen ini bertujuan menguji apakah pemberitahuan tersebut dapat membuat pengunjung lebih sering kembali ke Wikipedia. Fitur Sumber Pilihan memungkinkan pengguna memilih situs web yang mereka percayai sehingga Google dapat menampilkan konten dari sumber-sumber tersebut secara lebih menonjol dalam Penelusuran dan berbagai pengalaman berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Kami tertarik untuk menguji fitur ini pada bahasa lain yang didukung Google dan menyambut bantuan untuk memulai diskusi di wiki lainnya. Jika berminat, silakan hubungi Tim Audiens Masa Depan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|halaman pembicaraan]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Platform percakapan Discord sedang merilis kerangka kerja mandiri baru yang dapat digunakan oleh situs web untuk menentukan tampilan pranala mereka ketika dibagikan di Discord. Tim Audiens Masa Depan berencana mulai menggunakan kerangka kerja ini untuk meningkatkan tampilan pranala Wikipedia ketika dibagikan di Discord, sekaligus memberikan atribusi dan penghargaan yang lebih baik kepada para kontributor. Pada tahap pertama proyek ini, tampilan dan perilaku pranala tidak akan berubah karena kami ingin terlebih dahulu mengumpulkan data dasar untuk menilai dampak perubahan pada tahap berikutnya. Namun, jika anggota komunitas yang aktif di Discord menemukan masalah, mereka dapat melaporkannya melalui [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] atau [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Meta-Wiki]]. * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan menjalankan eksperimen untuk menguji apakah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|pemadatan bagian pembuka artikel]] dengan menambahkan tombol "baca selengkapnya" dapat meningkatkan retensi pembaca. Pengujian akan dimulai pada 17 September di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Spanyol, Prancis, Indonesia, Italia, Jepang, Portugis, Vietnam, dan Tionghoa, serta berlangsung selama empat pekan.</span> * Semua wiki akan berada dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|mode hanya-baca selama beberapa menit]] pada 23 September. Hal ini dijadwalkan berlangsung pada pukul 14.00 UTC. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diterbitkan dalam Berita Teknis dan juga akan diinformasikan ke setiap wiki pada pekan mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] untuk Wikipedia mengembalikan galat HTTP 500, sehingga tidak dapat diakses, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengembang yang memelihara perkakas yang melakukan kueri terhadap tabel pranala Wikimedia Commons perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar terhubung ke gugus basis data x4 yang baru. Tabel pranala tersebut telah dipindahkan dari gugus s4 ke x4 dan tidak akan lagi menerima pembaruan di s4. Tabel halaman dan tabel pengalihan tetap tersedia di kedua gugus. Replika wiki untuk klaster x4 akan disiapkan setelahnya. Perubahan ini dilakukan karena gugus s4 telah berkembang terlalu besar untuk dapat dioperasikan secara efisien. [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di sini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Séptémber 2026 15.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == Pamutahiran rohang ngaran == Upami dibandingkeun sareng Wikipédia basa sanésna, Wikipédia basa Sunda kalebet tinggaleun dina rohang ngaran (namespace/ruang nama) anu nuju dianggo. Sapertos rohang ngaran ''Gambar'' (''Image'') anu parantos digentos janten ''Berkas'' (''File'') sakitar taun 2008-an, numutkeun dina [[:id:Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi_(Teknis)/Arsip_(Jul-06)#h-Perubahan_kata_untuk_nama_namespace|usulan WBI taun 2006]] sareng [[:id:Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi_(Teknis)/Arsip/Desember_2008#h-File:|sawala ieu]]. Contona dina Wikipédia basa Jawa anu sami-sami dibuka taun 2004, rohang ngaran ''File'', anu sateuacanna ''Image'' téa téh, parantos digentos janten ''Barkas'' anu sateuacanna ''Gambar''. Aya deui Wikipédia basa Minangkabau anu dibuka taun 2013, rohang ngaranna parantos nganggo ''Berkas''. Ku margi kitu, sim kuring hoyong ngusulkeun perobihan sababaraha rohang ngaran. Di handap ieu nyaéta sababaraha rohang ngaran anu hoyong dirobih: * '''Gambar''' → '''Berkas''' (File/Berkas) * '''Obrolan gambar''' → '''Obrolan berkas''' (File talk/Pembicaraan Berkas) * '''Wikipedia''' → '''Wikipédia''' (Wikipedia) * '''Obrolan Wikipedia''' → '''Obrolan Wikipédia''' (Wikipedia talk/Pembicaraan Wikipedia) * '''Pembicaraan Modul''' → '''Obrolan modul''' (Module talk/Pembicaraan Modul) * '''Pembicaraan Acara''' → '''Obrolan acara''' (Event talk/Pembicaraan Acara) Upami anjeun aya pamanggih (pandapat) sanés, mangga dihaturanan pikeun ngadiskusikeun masalah ieu di dieu. Hatur nuhun [[Pamaké:Rafka Aditia|Rafka Aditia]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Rafka Aditia|sawala]]) 26 Séptémber 2026 12.30 (UTC) :{{Ping|A2613|Badak Jawa|Deepturquoise|Ilham.nurwansah|Kumincir|Mirani Pramitasari|Mssetiadi|Oceanmuse|Pijri Paijar|Zulf}} kumaha numutkeun anjeun? [[Pamaké:Rafka Aditia|Rafka Aditia]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Rafka Aditia|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2026 01.03 (UTC) ::Mangga, ngiringan we abi mah [[Pamaké:Oceanmuse|Oceanmuse]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Oceanmuse|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2026 10.47 (UTC) icu8ytouzkpdvxh56q9u0qkrqodq2yz 729464 729455 2026-09-27T11:55:59Z MediaWiki message delivery 11074 /* Berita Teknis: 2026-39 */ bagean anyar 729464 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{Hider kaca sawala|start=120|1=Téknisl|2=Kaca sawala bagian '''téknis''' digunakeun pikeun nyawalakeun hal-hal téknis ngeunaan '''Wikipedia'''. Laporan ''bug'' sarta pamundut fitur mah kuduna di [[mw:Phabricator|Pabrikator]] (ilikan [[mw:How to report a bug|cara ngalaporkeun ''bug'']]). ''Bug'' anu ngakibatkeun [[web application security|kaancamna kaamanan]] mah béda deui tempat ngalaporkeunna (ilikan [[mw:Reporting security bugs|cara ngalaporkeun ''bug'']]). <!-- All of the text for this top section is found at template:Villagepumppages --> Mun anyar jabung ka sawala téknis mah alusna maca heula [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Before posting|panduan]] utamana pikeun nulis di dieu. Patanyaan ngeunaan [[MediaWiki]] nu umum kuduna di [[mw:Project:Support desk|tempat dukungan MediaWiki]]. |3=WP:ST|4=WP:STÉK}}<!-- -->__NEWSECTIONLINK__<!-- -->[[<!-- OK -->Category:Sawala Wikipedia]] __TOC__ <span id="below_toc"></span> {{clear}} <!-- TULISNA HANDAPEUN KALIMAH IEU --></noinclude> == VisualEditor News #1—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|300px|right|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]] Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's appéarance, the coming Citoid reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The Wikimedia Foundation has named [[:mw:Wikimedia_Engineering/2014-15_Goals#Top_departmental_priorities_for_Q3_.28January-March_2015.29|its top priorities for this quarter]] (January to March). The first priority is making VisualEditor réady for deployment by default to all new users and logged-out users at the remaining large Wikipedias. You can help identify these requirements. <mark>There will be weekly '''triage meetings '''which''' will be open to volunteers''' beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC). </mark> Tell Vice présidént of Engineering [[:foundation:User:Damon_Sicore_(WMF)|Damon Sicore]], Product Manager [[:mw:User:Jdforrester_(WMF)|James Forrester]] and other téam members which bugs and féatures are most important to you. The decisions made at these meetings will determine what work is necessary for this quarter's goal of making VisualEditor réady for deployment to new users. The presence of volunteers who enjoy contributing MediaWiki code is particularly appreciated. Information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins. Due to some bréaking changes in MobileFrontend and VisualEditor, VisualEditor was not working correctly on the mobile site for a couple of days in éarly January. The téams apologize for the problem. === Recent improvements === The''' new design for VisualEditor''' aligns with MediaWiki's [[mw:Frontend standards group|Front-End Standards]] as led by the Design téam. Several new versions of the [[mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]] library have also been reléased, and these also affect the appéarance of VisualEditor and other MediaWiki software extensions. Most changes were minor, like changing the text size and the amount of white space in some windows. Buttons are consistently color-coded to indicate whether the action: * starts a new task, like opening the {{int:visualeditor-toolbar-savedialog}} dialog: <span style="background-color: #015ccc; color:white"> blue </span>, * takes a constructive action, like inserting a citation: <span style="background-color: #008c6d; color:white"> green </span>, * might remove or lose your work, like removing a link: <span style="background-color: #a7170f; color:white"> red </span>, or * is neutral, like opening a link in a new browser window: <span style="color: 757575"> gray </span>. The '''TemplateData editor''' has been completely re-written to use a different design based on the same OOjs UI system as VisualEditor. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67815 T67815], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73746 T73746].) This change fixed a couple of existing bugs and improved usability. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73077 T73077], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73078 T73078].) '''Séarch and replace''' in long documents is now faster. It does not highlight every occurrence if there are more than 100 on-screen at once.([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T78234 T78234].) Editors at the Hebrew and Russian Wikipedia requested the ability to use VisualEditor in the "Article Incubator" or drafts namespace. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86688 T86688], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T87027 T87027].) If your community would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''' on your wiki, then you can file a request in Phabricator. Pléase include a link to a community discussion about the requested change. === Looking ahead === The Editing téam will soon add '''auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations'''. The '''[[mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[w:URL|URL]] or [[w:en: Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After créating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for ISBNs, PMIDs, and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to contribute to the Citoid service's definitions for éach website, to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections. We will need editors to help test the '''new design of the special character inserter''', especially if you spéak Welsh, Breton, or another language that uses diacritics or special characters extensively. The new version should be available for testing next week. Pléase contact [[:en:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] if you would like to be notified when the new version is available. After the special character tool is completed, VisualEditor will be deployed to all users at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5 Wikipedias]]. This will affect about 50 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans, Azerbaijani, Breton, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Mongolian, Tatar, and Welsh'''. The date for this change has not been determined. === Let's work together === *Share your idéas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. *Pléase help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&language=&action=page&filter= complete translations of the user guide] for users who spéak your language. *Join the weekly bug triage meetings beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC); information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins, and you can also contact [[mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James F.]] to léarn more about this initiative. *Talk to the Editing téam during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Thursday, 19 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=19&month=2&year=2015 19:00 UTC]. *Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, pléase subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 5 Pébruari 2015 18.30 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=10839689 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: *[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals *[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 2 Maret 2015 21.14 (UTC) :''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10785744 --> == Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content == This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new idéas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idéa that could help address this problem, pléase get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31. All proposals are welcome - reséarch projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outréach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on idéas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring soméone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge! :*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]] ''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 4 Maret 2015 20.01 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=11457822 --> == VisualEditor News #2—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source: [[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]] Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results. Click the green "Insert" button to accept its results and add them to the article: [[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]] After inserting the citation, you can change it. Select the reference, and click the "Edit" button in the context menu to maké changes. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, éach Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&p1=224&am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC). You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker. Instéad, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. Léarn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. === Recent improvements === VisualEditor is now substantially faster. In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%. The Editing téam is slowly adding '''auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias. The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After créating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for éach website. Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates. If you would like to request this féature for your wiki, pléase post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki. The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users. After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March. This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Koréan and Japanese. These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] ("IMEs”). Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users. The design for the image selection process is now using a "masonry fit" modél. Images in the séarch results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|"packed" mode in image galleries]]. This style helps you find the right image by making it éasier to see more details in images. You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appéarance ​on the page. The pop-up window that appéars when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the "context menu". It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename. The téam has also added an explicit "Edit" button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item. '''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section héadings. Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to booléan value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instéad. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734]) === Looking ahead === The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at éach wiki will also have the option of créating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. The téam is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors. The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666]) === Let's work together === * Share your idéas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * Can you translate from English into any other language? Pléase check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor-ve&suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language. [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! * The design reséarch téam wants to see how réal editors work. Pléase [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * File requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't réading this in your favorite language, then pléase help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 10 April 2015 19.48 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=11742174 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences (200 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for géographies within the United States (10 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]''' — an extensive legal reséarch database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 4 Méi 2015 22.12 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12114173 --> ::Thank you for the info. Mangga ka para wargi anu sakirana peryogi akses ka pabukon2 anu disebat di luhur, tiasa dipolow ap! --[[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 5 Méi 2015 04.11 (UTC) == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope soméone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that maké it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will bréak due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and pléase [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API bréaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely bréak. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development téam, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope soméone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that maké it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will bréak due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and pléase [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API bréaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely bréak. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development téam, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == VisualEditor News #3—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> The link tool has been re-designed: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has créated new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design. Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase. During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not. The main goal of the study is to léarn which group was more likely to save an edit and to maké productive, unreverted edits. Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month. === Recent improvements === '''Auto-fill féatures''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''. Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May. All citations are now créated inside a single tool. Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}). The cite button is now labeled with the word "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}" rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more méaningful label, "{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}", for the submit button. The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing. It now has two separate sections: one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Séarch results have been reduced to the first five pages. Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appéared over the first match in the link inspector. ([[phab:T98085|T98085]]) The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at éach wiki can also créate a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Pléase réad the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. Also, there is now a tooltip to describing éach character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]]) Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''. When you séarch for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The paraméter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a paraméter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on "{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}" éach time they want to add another paraméter. ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The téam added a '''new property for TemplateData''', "{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}", for template paraméters. This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that paraméter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]]) The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme. In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars. Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design féature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled. The téam has reléased a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''. If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed. === Let's work together === * Share your idéas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC). Léarn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though. Instéad, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. * If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then pléase contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. * If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference féature for your wiki, pléase post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki. *The téam is planning the second VisualEditor-related "translathon" for July. Pléase follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't réading this in your favorite language, then pléase help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is réady. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div>13 Juni 2015 10.44 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=12206605 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor & Francis]]''' — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts & Humanities and Biological, Environment & éarth Sciences. (30 accounts) *'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]''' — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present. (100 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts) '''New French-Language Branch!''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts). * '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) — Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts). * '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials (1000 accounts). Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12455967 --> == HTTPS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. Hi everyone. Over the last few yéars, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both réaders and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been réady to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals. [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might alréady be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified. Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably alréady had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to maké sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions. /[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]] </div> 19 Juni 2015 22.01 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/HTTPS_global_message_delivery&oldid=12471979 --> == Content Translation, the new article creation tool is now available as a beta-feature == [[File:Cx-icon-ltr.svg|264px|right|Tool icon]] [[File:Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm|thumb|How to use Content Translation - a short video (English)]] Hello, [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has now been enabled as an opt-in beta féature on the Sundanese Wikipedia. To start translating: # Pléase enable the Beta féature in your preferences by checking the box for Content Translation. # Visit the page [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page to open the tool. # Click on the button to créate a new translation. # In the displayed dialog select the language of the original article and the article name, and the language you would like to translate to. Also add the title of the new article (or the original title will be inserted) and click on to begin. Your language preferences will be remembered for the next time. # You will see a screen consisting of three columns. The first column contains the text of the source language and the middle column is for the translated text. Using the third column you can perform several actions such as insert source text, remove the inserted text source text, add or remove links etc. # After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Sundanese Wikipedia by using the publish button that appéars. In case the article gets créated by another user while you were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace. # The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]]. Since this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but pléase do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [[phab:T103546|Phabricator]] if you spot any problems. For more information, pléase réad the information available in the [[:mw:Help:Extension:ContentTranslation|User Guide]]. Our announcement is written only in English, and we would réally appreciate if this message can be translated to réach more users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's Language Engineering Téam:--[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 30 Juni 2015 17.15 (UTC) == Hasil rarancang == Manawi katampi, ieu rarancangan kaca tepas ti simabdi '''[[Pamaké:Uchup19/Kotrétan]]''', anu dioméan tur ditambahan: *Ngoméan tutumbu ''icon'' gambar anu nojo ka tumbu gambarna di commons <small>(aya nu di kana tumbuna masing2 aya nu dibuntukeun)</small> *Ngoméan subkaca keur lumangsung anu teu kompléks, asalna mah <nowiki>{{Portal:Keur lumangsung/Juli 2015}}</nowiki> jadi <nowiki>{{Portal:Keur lumangsung/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}_{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki>. <small>(Supados teu unggal waktu ngaropéa kaca Tepas)</small> *Nambahan Tombol gabung *Nambahan kolom Sajarah poé ieu *Jrd. Panuhun ka {{gero|Kumincir}}, {{gero|Mssetiadi}}, {{gero|Ilham.nurwansah}}, {{gero|A.R Dipusparaga}}. Diantos kedalanna.--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 02.24 (UTC) :Sae, ngan aya sababaraha kalimat/istilah anu perlu dibadamikeun deui. 'Sajarah poe ieu', sakumaha dina obrolan sapalih, mun teu manggih nu pas mah samikeun bae 'poe ieu dina sajarah'. Teras 'kamaotan kiwari', naon nya kalimat anu pas? 'kapapatenan'? --[[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 03.38 (UTC) ::{{gero|Kumincir}} Muhun kang, parantos. Pami <u>kapapatenan</u> téh lomana mah <u>kapapaitan</u> panginten nya?--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 03.51 (UTC) :::Numutkeun pamendak simkuring mah Nu Pupus Kiwari, Nu Kiwari Pupus, atanapi Nu Pupus Taun Ieu. Memang sok rada sesah nyundakeun ke-an teh. Pilihan sanesna : Papaten Kiwari atanapi papait, nanging papait mah sanes mung ukur kanggo urusan pati, tapi kalebet oge teu damang sareng kasangsaraan sanesna. --[[Pamaké:Mssetiadi|Tedi]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Mssetiadi|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 06.13 (UTC) ::::{{gero|Mssetiadi}} Kumaha pami '''Nu Kiwari Pupus''' baé atuh?--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 06.34 (UTC) :::::Simkuring ogé panuju '''Nu Kiwari Pupus''' baé. --[[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|ilhamkang]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|sawala]]) 23 Juli 2015 14.15 (UTC) :::::Muhun kang, urang robih--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font face="Comic Sans MS" color="#">Yusup_Ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 23 Juli 2015 14.28 (UTC) == Machine translation support to be enabled soon for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, I wanted to give you a héads up that machine translation support for [[phab:T144903|Sundanese]] is now réady to be extended to [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta féature) using Yandex. It is scheduled to be made active on this Wikipedia on September 14, 2016. This service can be used when translating Wikipedia articles into Sundanese with Content Translation. To start using this service, pléase choose ‘’Yandex.Translate’’ from the ‘’Automatic Translation’’ dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Yandex.Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex|Yandex translation services]], including a summary of the legal contract. Please note, the translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We look forward to your feedback. You can reach us using the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] or [[phab:T144903|phabricator ticket]]. This message could only be written in English and we will really appreciate if it can be translated into Sundanese for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of WMF Language team: --[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 8 Séptémber 2016 13.53 (UTC) </div> == Machine translation support enabled today for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, machine translation support for [[:mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta féature) has now been extended and enabled for users of [[phab:T144903|Sundanese Wikipedia]] using Yandex. It can be used when translating Wikipedia articles into Sundanese with Content Translation. To start using this service, pléase choose ‘’Yandex.Translate’’ from the ‘’Automatic Translation’’ dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Yandex.Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. Wikimedia Foundation’s Legal team and Yandex had collaborated earlier to work out [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex#Summary_of_terms_of_Yandex_agreement|an agreement]] that allows the use of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yandex.Translate Yandex.Translate] without compromising Wikipedia’s policy of attribution of rights, privacy of our users and brand representation. Since November 2015, Yandex machine translation has been used for articles translated for Wikipedias in many languages. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex|Yandex translation services]], including a summary of the legal contract. Please note, translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We have tested the service for use on the Sundanese Wikipedia, but there could be unknown problems that we are not aware of yet. Please do let us know on our [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] or [[phab:T144903|phabricator]] if you face any problems using Content Translation. This message is only in English and we will be very grateful if it could be translated into Sundanese for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of WMF Language team: --[[Pamaké:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Runab WMF|sawala]]) 15 Séptémber 2016 23.48 (UTC) </div> == The Wikimedia Developer Summit wants you == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The Wikimedia Developer Summit is the annual meeting to push the evolution of MediaWiki and other technologies supporting the Wikimedia movement. The next edition will be held in San Francisco on January 9–11, 2017. We welcome all Wikimedia technical contributors, third party developers, and users of MediaWiki and the Wikimedia APIs. We specifically want to incréase the participation of volunteer developers and other contributors déaling with extensions, apps, tools, bots, gadgets, and templates. Important déadlines: * Monday, October 24: last day to request travel sponsorship. Applying takes less than five minutes. * Monday, October 31: last day to propose an activity. Bring the topics you care about! More information: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Developer_Summit Subscribe to weekly updates: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Td5wfd70vptn8eu4 [[mw:User:MKramer (WMF)|MKramer (WMF)]] [[mw:User talk:MKramer (WMF)|(talk)]] 14 Oktober 2016 19.07 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=15989926 --> == Developer Wishlist Survey: propose your ideas == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> At the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Developer_Summit Wikimedia Developer Summit], we decided to organize a Developer Wishlist Survey, and here we go: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist The Wikimedia technical community seeks input from developers for developers, to créate a high-profile list of desired improvements. The scope of the survey includes the MediaWiki platform (core software, APIs, developer environment, enablers for extensions, gadgets, templates, bots, dumps), the Wikimedia server infrastructure, the contribution process, and documentation. The best part: we want to have the results published by Wednesday, February 15. Yes, in a month, to have a higher chance to influence the Wikimedia Foundation annual plan FY 2017-18. There's no time to lose. <b>Propose your idéas before the end of January</b>, either by pushing existing tasks in Phabricator or by créating new ones. You can find instructions on the wiki page. Questions and feedback are welcome especially on the related Talk page. The voting phase is expected to start on February 6 (tentative). Watch this space (or even better, the wiki page) - [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:SSethi_(WMF) SSethi_(WMF)] January 21st, 2017 3:07 AM (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=16170185 --> == Developer Wishlist Survey: Vote for Proposals == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Almost two weeks ago, the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Technical_Collaboration Technical Collaboration team] invited proposals for the first edition of the Developer Wishlist survey! We collected around 77 proposals that were marked as suitable for the developer wishlist and met the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist#Scope defined scope and criteria]. These proposals fall into the following nine categories: Frontend, Backend, Code Contribution (Process, Guidelines), Extensions, Technical Debt, Developer Environment, Documentation, Tools (Phabricator, Gerrit) and Community Engagement. Voting phase starts now and will run until <b>February 14th, 23:59 UTC</b>. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Developer_Wishlist Click here on a category and show support for the proposals you care for most]. Use the 'Vote' and 'Endorse' buttons next to a proposal to do so. <b>What happens next?</b><br/> Proposals that will gather most votes will be included in the final results which will be published on <b>Wednesday, February 15th</b>. These proposals will also be considered in the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual plan FY 2017-18 - [[m:User:SSethi_(WMF)|SSethi_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:SSethi_(WMF)|talk]]) 04:41, 6 February 2017 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=16170185 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun == Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, féatured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to réach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 10 Juni 2016 15.31 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idéa is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content! Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 1 Juli 2016 14.10 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Open call for Project Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: :Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. :Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session :*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] :Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]] :With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 5 Juli 2016 15.25 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15504704 --> == New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: * '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, héalth care, and engineering - 10 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better reséarch and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 30 Agustus 2016 18.38 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15804509 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published reséarch as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and reséarch materials from: *'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy *'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities *'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals *'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–héaring journals *'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics '''Expansions''' *'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added *'''[[:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence & Security Studies collection Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today! <br>--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 1 Nopémber 2016 18.30 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15939318 --> == New notification when a page is connected to Wikidata == Hello all, ''({{Int:Please-translate}})'' The Wikidata development team is about to deploy a new feature on all Wikipedias. It is a new type of notification (via Echo, the notification system you see at the top right of your wiki when you are logged in), that will inform the creator of a page, when this page is connected to a Wikidata item. You may know that [[d:Wikidata:Main page|Wikidata]] provides a centralized system for all the interwikilinks. When a new page is created, it should be connected to the corresponding Wikidata item, by modifying this Wikidata item. With this new notification, editors creating pages will be informed when another editor connects this page to Wikidata. [[File:Screenshot Echo Wikibase notification.png]] This feature will be deployed on May 30th on all the Wikipedias, excepting English, French and German. This feature will be disable by default for existing editors, and enabled by default for new editors. This is the first step of the deployments, the Wikipedias and other Wikimedia projects will follow in the next months. If you have any question, suggestion, please let me know by pinging me. You can also follow and leave a comment [[phab:T142102|on the Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks go to [[d:user:Matěj Suchánek|Matěj Suchánek]] who developed this feature! {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] ([[:d:User talk:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16774958 --> == Wikidata changes now also appear in enhanced recent changes == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, and sorry to write this message in English. You can [[mw:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Wikidata_in_enhanced_recent_changes|help translating it]]. Starting from today, you will be able to display Wikidata changes in both modes of the recent changes and the watchlist. '''[[mw:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Wikidata_in_enhanced_recent_changes|Read and translate the full message]]''' {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 29 Juni 2017 08.33 (UTC) <small>(wrong target page? you can [[m:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)/List Wikipedias|fix it here]])</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16777494 --> == Improved search in deleted pages archive == {{int:please-translate}} During Wikimedia Hackathon 2016, the [[mw:Wikimedia_Discovery|Discovery]] team [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T109561 worked] on one of the items on the 2015 community wishlist, namely [[m:2015_Community_Wishlist_Survey/Search#Provide_a_means_of_searching_for_deleted_pages|enabling searching the archive of deleted pages]]. This feature is now ready for production deployment, and will be enabled on all wikis, except Wikidata. Right now, the feature is behind a feature flag - to use it on your wiki, please go to the <code>Special:Undelete</code> page, and add <code>&fuzzy=1</code> to the URL, like this: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUndelete&fuzzy=1. Then search for the pages you're interested in. There should be more results than before, due to using ElasticSearch indexing (via the CirrusSearch extension). We plan to enable this improved search by default on all wikis soon (around August 1, 2017). If you have any objections to this - please raise them with the Discovery team via [http://mailto:discovery@lists.wikimedia.org email] or on this announcement's discussion page. Like most Mediawiki configuration parameters, the functionality can be configured per wiki. Once the improved search becomes the default, you can still access the old mode using <code>&fuzzy=0</code> in the URL, like this: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUndelete&fuzzy=0 Please note that since Special:Undelete is an admin-only feature, this search capability is also only accessible to wiki admins. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 25 Juli 2017 18.40 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Archive_search_announce/Distribution_list&oldid=17036927 --> == Improvements coming soon to Recent Changes == <div dir="ltr"> [[File:Rc-beta-tour-welcome-ltr.gif|link=Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New_filters_for_edit_review|right|frameless]] Hello Sorry to use English. {{Int:please-translate}}! {{Int:thank-you}} '''In short:''' starting on 26 September, New Filters for Edit Review ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|now in Beta]]) will become standard on Recent Changes. They provide an array of new tools and an improved interface. If you prefer the current page you will be able to opt out. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about the New Filters]]. <big>'''What is this feature again?'''</big> This feature improves [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:RecentChangesLinked]] (and soon, [[Special:Watchlist]] – see below). Based on a new design, it adds new features that ease vandalism tracking and support of newcomers: * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|Filtering]] - filter recent changes with easy-to-use and powerful filters combinations, including filtering by namespace or tagged edits. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Highlighting function|Highlighting]] - add a colored background to the different changes you are monitoring. It helps quick identification of changes that matter to you. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Bookmarking|Bookmarking]] to keep your favorite configurations of filters ready to be used. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quality and Intent Filters|Quality and Intent Filters]] - those filters use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES predictions]]. They identify real vandalism or good faith intent contributions that need help. They are not available on all wikis. You can know more about this project by visiting [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quick tour|the quick tour help page]]. <big>'''Concerning RecentChanges'''</big> Starting on 26 September, '''New Filters for Edit Review will become standard on Recent Changes'''. We have decided to do this release because of a long and successful Beta test phase, positive feedback from various users and positive user testing. Some features will remain as Beta features and will be added later. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about those different features]]. If your community has specific concerns about this deployment or internal discussion, it can request to have the deployment to their wikis delayed to October 1, if they have ''sensible, consistent with the project, actionable, realistic feedback to oppose'' (at the development team's appreciation). You will also be able to opt-out this change in your preferences. <big>'''Concerning Watchlists'''</big> Starting on '''September 19''', the Beta feature will have a new option. '''Watchlists will have all filters available now on the Beta Recent Changes improvements'''. If you have already activated the Beta feature "{{int:eri-rcfilters-beta-label}}", you have no action to take. If you haven't activated the Beta feature "{{int:eri-rcfilters-beta-label}}" and you want to try the filters on Watchlists, please go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|your Beta preferences]] on September 19. <big>'''How to be ready'''</big> Please share this announcement! Do you use Gadgets that change things on your RecentChanges or Watchlist pages, or have you customized them with scripts or CSS? You may have to make some changes to your configuration. Despite the fact that we have tried to take most cases into consideration, some configurations may break. The Beta phase is a great opportunity to have a look at local scripts and gadgets: some of them may be replaced by native features from the Beta feature. Please ping me if you have questions. On behalf of the [[mw:Global Collaboration|Global Collaboration team]], [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 14 Séptémber 2017 15.27 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17219431 --> == Global preferences available for testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Greetings, Global preferences, a [[m:2016_Community_Wishlist_Survey/Categories/Miscellaneous#Global_settings|highly request feature in the 2016 Community Wishlist]], is available for testing. # [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|Read over the help page]], it is brief and has screenshots # Login or register an account on [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:Login Beta English Wikipedia] # Visit [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:GlobalPreferences Global Preferences] and try enabling and disabling some settings # Visit some other language and project test wikis such as [https://en.wikivoyage.beta.wmflabs.org English Wikivoyage], the [https://he.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99 Hebrew Wikipedia] and test the settings # [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|Report your findings, experience, bugs, and other observations]] Once the team has feedback on design issues, bugs, and other things that might need worked out, the problems will be addressed and global preferences will be sent to the wikis. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thanks! --[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 27 Pébruari 2018 00.24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17571042 --> == Notification from edit summary == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Greetings, The ability to [[m:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary|notify other users in edit summaries]] will be available later this week, on 15 March 2018. Other users can be notified if a [[m:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary#How_it_works|link to their user page is provided in an edit summary]]. Some user-made gadgets and scripts that automatically put user names in edit summaries may need to be changed to put a colon in the link, such as <nowiki>[[:User:Example]]</nowiki>. You can change how you receive these mention notifications in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|preferences]]. This feature was [[m:2017_Community_Wishlist_Survey|highly requested in the 2017 Community Wishlist survey]], and [[m:Talk:Community_Tech/Ping_users_from_the_edit_summary|feedback is welcome]]. Thanks, happy editing to you. -[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 12 Maret 2018 21.09 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17778225 --> == We need your feedback to improve Lua functions == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello, (I’m sorry for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}) If you’re regularly using Lua modules, creating and improving some of them, we need your feedback! The Wikidata development team would like to provide more Lua functions, in order to improve the experience of people who write Lua scripts to reuse Wikidata's data on the Wikimedia projects. Our goals are to help harmonizing the existing modules across the Wikimedia projects, to make coding in Lua easier for the communities, and to improve the performance of the modules. We would like to know more about your habits, your needs, and what could help you. We have a few questions for you [[d:Wikidata:New convenience functions for Lua|on this page]]. Note that if you don’t feel comfortable with writing in English, you can answer in your preferred language. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 27 Maret 2018 08.56 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/Luannouncement&oldid=17873868 --> == Time to bring embedded maps (‘mapframe’) to most Wikipedias == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Time to bring embedded maps (‘mapframe’) to most Wikipedias''' {{int:please-translate}} [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Mapframe]] is a feature that enables users to easily display interactive maps right on wiki pages. Currently, most Wikipedias don’t have mapframe. But [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Maps#Milestones_and_Updates|fifteen Wikipedias]], along with all the other Wikimedia projects, are using mapframe today to display maps on thousands of pages. A little background: over the last few months, the Foundation’s [[mw:Collaboration|Collaboration team]] has been working to improve the stability and user experience of the maps service. In addition, a question about long-term support for the maps service was recently settled, and a small team has been assigned for routine maintenance. Given these developments, bringing the benefits of mapframe to Wikipedias that lack the feature seems both safe and supportable. [[phab:T191583|Nine Wikipedias]] that use a stricter version of Flagged Revisions will not get mapframe in this release. Maps are a valuable form of visual data that can improve readers’ understanding across a wide range of topics. If you know of any reasons why mapframe shouldn’t be implemented on your Wikipedia, let us know [[mw:Talk:Map_improvements_2018|on the project talk page]]. Unless we hear from you, we plan to release mapframe to most Wikipedias in May, 2018. So, if you foresee an issue, please let us hear from you. Otherwise, happy mapping! </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 24 April 2018 21.38 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JMatazzoni_(WMF)/mapframe-to-all-wikipedias-notice/distribution_list&oldid=17969222 --> == Wikitext highlighting out of beta == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|Wikitext syntax highlighting]], also known as CodeMirror, has been moved out of Beta Features and is available in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017_wikitext_editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] on all wikis. Syntax highlighting helps you see problems in your wikitext before previewing or publishing text. Please try out the tool if you did not do so while it was being developed, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:CodeMirror|feedback is welcome]]. - [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) </div>4 Méi 2018 18.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=17844049 --> == Improvements coming soon on Watchlists == <div dir="ltr"> [[File:Rc-beta-tour-welcome-ltr.gif|link=Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New_filters_for_edit_review|right|frameless]] Hello Sorry to use English. {{Int:please-translate}}! {{Int:thank-you}} '''In short:''' starting on June 18, New Filters for Edit Review ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|now in Beta]]) will become standard on Watchlists. They provide an array of new tools and an improved interface. If you prefer the current page you will be able to opt out. [[mw:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|Learn more about the New Filters]]. <big>'''What is this feature again?'''</big> This feature is used by default on [[Special:RecentChanges]], [[Special:RecentChangesLinked]] and as a Beta feature on [[Special:Watchlist]]. Based on a new design, that feature adds new functions to those pages, to ease vandalism tracking and support of newcomers: * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|Filtering]] - filter recent changes with easy-to-use and powerful filters combinations, including filtering by namespace or tagged edits. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Highlighting function|Highlighting]] - add a colored background to the different changes you are monitoring. It helps quick identification of changes that matter to you. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Bookmarking|Bookmarking]] to keep your favorite configurations of filters ready to be used. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quality and Intent Filters|Quality and Intent Filters]] - those filters use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES predictions]]. They identify real vandalism or good faith intent contributions that need help. They are not available on all wikis. You can know more about this project by visiting [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Quick tour|the quick tour help page]]. <big>'''About the release on Watchlists'''</big> Over 70,000 people have activated the New Filters beta, which has been in testing on Watchlist for more than eight months. We feel confident that the features are stable and effective, but if you have thoughts about these tools or the beta graduation, [[mw:Talk:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|please let us know]] on the project talk page. In particular, tell us if you know of a special incompatibility or other issue that makes the New Filters problematic on your wiki. We’ll examine the blocker and may delay release on your wiki until the issue can be addressed. The deployment will start on June 18 or on June 25, depending on the wiki ([[phab:T195993#4261642|check the list]]). After the deployment, you will also be able to opt-out this change directly from the Watchlist page and also in your preferences. <big>'''How to be ready?'''</big> Please share this announcement! If you use local Gadgets that change things on your Watchlist pages, or have a customized scripts or CSS, be ready. You may have to make some changes to your configuration. Despite the fact that we have tried to take most cases into consideration, some configurations may break. The Beta phase is a great opportunity to have a look at local scripts and gadgets: some of them may be replaced by native features from the Beta feature. Please share your questions and comments on the [[mw:Talk:Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|feedback page]]. On behalf of the [[mw:Collaboration|Collaboration team]], [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 7 Juni 2018 13.14 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox2&oldid=18110305 --> == Update on page issues on mobile web == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Update on page issues on mobile web''' {{int:please-translate}} Hi everyone. The [[mw:Reading/Web/Team|Readers web team]] has recently begun working on exposing issue templates on the mobile website. Currently, details about issues with page content are generally hidden on the mobile website. This leaves readers unaware of the reliability of the pages they are reading. The goal of this project is to improve awareness of particular issues within an article on the mobile web. We will do this by changing the visual styling of page issues. So far, we have [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|drafted a proposal on the design and implementation]] of the project. We were also able to run [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues/Research Results|user testing on the proposed designs]]. The tests so far have positive results. Here is a quick summary of what we learned: * The new treatment increases awareness of page issues among participants. This is true particularly when they are in a more evaluative/critical mode. * Page issues make sense to readers and they understand how they work * Readers care about page issues and consider them important * Readers had overwhelmingly positive sentiments towards Wikipedia associated with learning about page issues Our next step would be to start implementing these changes. We wanted to reach out to you for any concerns, thoughts, and suggestions you might have before beginning development. Please [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|visit the project page]] where we have more information and mockups of how this may look. Please [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|leave feedback on the talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 12 Juni 2018 20.58 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18120916 --> == Tidy to RemexHtml == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[:mw:Parsing|Parsing]] team will be [[:mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|replacing Tidy with RemexHtml]] at this wiki on 5 July 2018. Some pages at this wiki use outdated HTML. This change may change the appearance of those pages. [[Special:LintErrors]] has a complete list of affected pages. Read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html this e-mail message] for more information. Read the instructions at [[:mw:Help:Extension:Linter]]. You can ask questions at [[:mw:Talk:Parsing/Replacing Tidy]]. Thank you for helping fix these problems. </div> [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 2 Juli 2018 14.38 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Editing/Parsing_change&oldid=18129171 --> == Consultation on the creation of a separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all, I'm preparing a change in who can edit sitewide CSS/JS pages. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which are executed in the browser of all readers and editors.) Currently all administrators are able to edit these pages, which poses a serious and unnecessary security risk. Soon, a dedicated, smaller user group will take over this task. Your community will be able to decide who belongs in this group, so this should mean very little change for you. You can find out more and provide feedback at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|the consultation page on Meta]]. If you are involved in maintaining CSS/JS code, or policymaking around adminship requests, please give it a look! Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 9 Juli 2018 10.50 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tgr@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=18158890 --> == Technical Advice IRC Meeting == [[File:Technical Advice IRC Meeting Logoat.svg|right|200px]] We'd like to invite you to the weekly [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|Technical Advice IRC meeting]]. The Technical Advice IRC Meeting (''TAIM'') is a weekly support event for volunteer developers. Every Wednesday, two full-time developers are available to help you with all your questions about Mediawiki, gadgets, tools and more! This can be anything from "how to get started" and "who would be the best contact for X" to specific questions on your project. The Technical Advice IRC meeting is '''every Wednesday 3-4 pm UTC''' as well as on '''every first Wednesday of the month 11-12 pm UTC'''. If you already know what you would like to discuss or ask, please add your topic to the next meeting: [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|Technical Advice IRC meeting]] Cheers, -- [[User:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|talk]]) 14:27, 30 July 2018 (UTC) == Enabling a helpful feature for Template editors == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello. The team working on TemplateStyles at the Wikimedia Foundation would like to enable TemplateStyles on this wiki. TemplateStyles is a feature to allow non-administrators to write and manage CSS styles for templates. It allows contributors who edit templates to separate content and presentation. A good web practice that makes it easier to manage the layout of templates. If you don't edit templates, this will not have any impact on your contributions. TemplateStyles is useful for a few reasons. * It makes it possible for templates to work better on mobile. * It cuts out confusion on where to apply CSS rules. * Editing CSS is currently limited to administrators, which is a major barrier to participation. * All stylesheets must be loaded on all pages (whether they actually use the page or not), which wastes bandwidth and makes debugging style rules more difficult. You can [[mw:Help:TemplateStyles|learn more about TemplateStyles on MediaWiki.org]]. [[mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|Technical documentation is also available]]. This is an optional feature and no one must use it, but template contributors are encouraged to do so! Please discuss and let us know if there are any concerns. If there are no concerns we will proceed to deploy the feature on the 9th of August. Thank you. </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 6 Agustus 2018 21.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18277775 --> == Wikidata Bridge: edit Wikidata’s data from Wikipedia infoboxes == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for writing this message in English - feel free to help us translating it :)'' Hello all, Many language versions of Wikipedia use the content of [[Wikidata]], the centralized knowledge base, to fill out the content of infoboxes. The data is stored in Wikidata and displayed, partially or completely, in the Wikipedia’s language, on the articles. This feature is used by many template editors, but brought several issues that were raised by communities in various places: not being able to edit the data directly from Wikipedia was one of them. This is the reason why the '''[[mw:Wikidata Bridge|Wikidata Bridge]]''' project started, with the goal of offering a way to Wikipedia editors to edit Wikidata’s data more easily. This will be achieved by an interface, connected to the infobox, that users can access directly from their local wiki. The project is now at an early stage of development. A lot of [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Research|user research]] has been done, and will continue to be done through the different phases of the project. The next steps of [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Development|development]] will be achieved by the development team working at Wikimedia Deutschland, starting now until the end of 2019. In order to make sure that we’re building a tool that is answering editors’ needs, we’re using agile methods in our development process. We don’t start with a fixed idea of the tool we want to deliver: we will build it together with the editors, based on feedback loops that we will regularly organize. The first version will not necessarily have all of the features you want, but it will keep evolving. Here’s the planned timeline: * From June to August, we will build the setup and technical groundwork. * From September to November 2019, we will develop the first version of the feature and publish a test system so you can try it and give feedback. * Later on, we will test the feature on a few projects, in collaboration with the communities. ** We will first focus on early adopters communities who already implemented a shortcut from their infoboxes to edit Wikidata (for example Russian, Catalan, Basque Wikipedias) ** but we also welcome also communities who [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Get_involved|volunteer to be part of the first test round]]. ** Then we will reach some of the big Wikipedias (French, German, English) in order to see if the project scales and to address their potentially different needs. ** Even later, we can consider enabling the feature on all the other projects. In any case, no deployment or big change will be enforced on the projects without talking to the communities first, and helping the template builders to prepare for the changes they will have to do on the infoboxes’ code. If you want to get involved, there are several ways to help: * Read and help translating [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge|the documentation pages]] * Follow the [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Updates|updates]] and participate in [[mw:Topic:V1x2lxtu8rgi954a|the first feedback loop]] * Talk about it with your local community More ideas will be added [[mw:Wikidata_Bridge/Get_involved|on this page]] along the way If you have any questions for the development team, feel free to ask them [[mw:Talk:Wikidata_Bridge|on the main talk page]]. You can also ask under this message, but if you expect an answer from me, please make sure to ping me. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 24 Juni 2019 13.03 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=19168539 --> == Wikipédia basa Sunda atawa Wikipédia Sunda? == Aya kamandang yén ngaran '''Wikipédia basa Sunda''' diganti jadi '''Wikipédia Sunda''' sangkan leuwih ringkes, sarta Wikipédia basa séjén saperti basa Jawa jeung basa Minangkabau ogé geus ngaganti ngaranna jadi Wikipédia Jawa jeung Wikipédia Minangkabau. Salian ti éta, dileungitkeunna kecap "basa" ogé sangkan ieu wikipédia bisa ngawengku réa hal, utamana ngeunaan Sunda, saperti budaya Sunda, jeung sajabana. Kumaha kamandang sadérék ngeunaan hal ieu? --[[Pamaké:A2613|A2613]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:A2613|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 02.56 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} Satuju dirobah jadi Wikipédia Sunda [[Pamaké:Harditaher|Harditaher]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Harditaher|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 03.12 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} Haméh teu panyang teuing.--[[Pamaké:Uchup19|'''<font color="#">yusup_ramdani</font>''']]&nbsp;[[Obrolan_pamaké:Uchup19|<font color="#">✉</font>]] 12 Juli 2019 04.05 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} [[Pamaké:Kumincir|kumincir]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2019 04.15 (UTC) *{{vote|Y}} [[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|ilhamkang]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|sawala]]) 2 Séptémber 2019 04.13 (UTC) == Google Code-In will soon take place again! Mentor tasks to help new contributors! == Hi everybody! Google Code-in (GCI) will soon take place again - a seven week long contest for 13-17 year old students to contribute to free software projects. Tasks should take an experienced contributor about two or three hours and can be of the categories Code, Documentation/Training, Outreach/Research, Quality Assurance, and User Interface/Design. Do you have any Lua, template, gadget/script or similar task that would benefit your wiki? Or maybe some of your tools need better documentation? If so, and you can imagine enjoying mentoring such a task to help a new contributor, please check out [[:mw:Google Code-in/2019]] and become a mentor. If you have any questions, feel free to ask at [[:mw:Talk:Google Code-in/2019|our talk page]]. Many thanks in advance! --[[User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] 5 Nopémber 2019 07.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Martin Urbanec@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=19202271 --> == ‎Improving the translation support for the Sundanese Wikipedia == Hi! [[:mw:Content translation|Content translation]] has been successful in supporting the translation process on many Wikipedia communities, and we want to help additional wikis with potential to grow using translation as part of [[:mw:Content translation/Boost|a new initiative]]. Content translation facilitates the creation of Wikipedia articles by translating content from other languages. It has been used already to create more than half a million articles. In addition, the tool provides [[:mw:Help:Content translation/Translating/Translation quality|mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content]], preventing the publication of lightly edited machine translations. In general, our analysis shows that the translations produced are [[:mw:Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison|less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch]]. Sundanese Wikipedia editors have used Content translation to create [[Special:CXStats|more than three hundred articles]]. Given the size of the editing community, we think that there is potential to use translation to create more articles, expand existing ones, and attract new editors that learn how to make productive edits. Translation can help the community to reduce the language gap with other languages and grow the number of editors in a sustainable way. In order to achieve this goal, we want to collaborate with you to make Content translation more visible in the Sundanese Wikipedia and support new ways to translate. As a first step, during the next weeks we plan to enable Content translation by default on the Sundanese Wikipedia. That will make it easy for users to discover the tool [[:mw:Help:Content_translation/Starting|through several entry points]]. However, users not interested in translation will still be able to disable it from their preferences. Please feel free to share any comment in this conversation thread. Thanks! --[[Pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|sawala]]) 3 Agustus 2020 12.45 (UTC) :Hello everyone. We have enabled [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content translation]] by default on the Sundanese Wikipedia. :Now it is easy for users to discover the tool [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Starting through several entry points]. However, users not interested in translation can disable it [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|from their preferences]]. :We expect this will help translators to create more content of good quality in Sundanese. We’ll be monitoring [[Special:ContentTranslationStats|the statistics for Sundanese]] as well as [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges?hidepageedits=1&hidecategorization=1&hideWikibase=1&hidelog=1&namespace=0&tagfilter=contenttranslation&limit=500&days=30&urlversion=2 the list of articles created] with the tool. Content translation provides [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality quality control mechanisms] to prevent the abuse of machine translation and the limits can be adjusted based on the needs of each community. Please, feel free to share your impressions about the content created and how the tool works for the community. This feedback is essential to improve the tool to better support your needs. :Thanks! --[[Pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Aaharoni-WMF|sawala]]) 11 Agustus 2020 12.00 (UTC) == Technical maintenance planed‬ == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''A maintenance operation will be performed tomorrow morning UTC time (Wednesday 17th at 07:00 AM UTC).''' It will impact all wikis and is supposed to last up to one minute. During this time, new translations may fail, and Notifications may not be delivered. For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T273762|on Phabricator]]. A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation. Thank you, [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 16 Pébruari 2021 17.45 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=21037579 --> == Coolest Tool Award 2021: Call for nominations == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Coolest Tool Award 2021 square_logo.svg|thumb|193x193px]] The third edition of the [[m:Coolest Tool Award]] is looking for nominations! Tools play an essential role for the Wikimedia projects, and so do the many volunteer developers who experiment with new ideas and develop and maintain local and global solutions to support the Wikimedia communities. The Coolest Tool Award aims to recognize and celebrate the coolest tools in a variety of categories. The awarded projects will be announced and showcased in a virtual ceremony in December. Deadline to submit nominations is October 27. More information: [[m:Coolest Tool Award]]. Thanks for your recommendations! -- [[User:SSethi (WMF)|SSethi (WMF)]] for the [[m:Coolest Tool Award#Coolest Tool Award 2021|2021 Coolest Tool Academy team]] 19 Oktober 2021 05.57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22003007 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2022 is coming. Help us! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] starts in less than two weeks ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220110T1800 Monday 10 January 2022, 18:00 UTC]). We, the team organizing the Survey, need your help. {| width=80% style="text-align:center; margin:auto;" class=plainlinks |- valign=top |width=50%| '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=agg-Community_Wishlist_Survey&action=page&filter= <span class="mw-ui-button">Translate important messages</span>]''' | [[Community Wishlist Survey/Help us|<span class="mw-ui-button>Promote the Survey</span>]] Among anyone and everyone you know who has an account on wiki. Promote the Survey on social media, via instant messaging apps, in other groups and chats, in your WikiProject, Wikimedia affiliate - wherever contributors with registered accounts may be. |} '''Only you can make the difference''' How many people will hear and read about the Survey in their language? How many will decide to participate? Will there be enough of you to vote for a change you would like to see? It all depends on you, volunteers. '''Why are we asking?''' * [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/FAQ|We have improved the documentation]]. It's friendlier and easier to use. This will mean little if it's only in English. * Thousands of volunteers haven't participated in the Survey yet. We'd like to improve that, too. Three years ago, 1387 people participated. Last year, there were 1773 of them. We hope that in the upcoming edition, there will be even more. You are better than us in contacting Wikimedians outside of wikis. We have prepared some images to share. More to come. '''What is the Community Wishlist Survey?''' [[File:Community Wishlist Survey banner - translatable.svg|350px|thumb]] It's an annual survey that allows contributors to the Wikimedia projects to propose and vote for tools and platform improvements. Long years of experience in editing or technical skills are not required. Thanks, and be safe and successful in 2022! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 29 Désémber 2021 03.15 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22319964 --> == Save the Date: Coolest Tool Award 2021: this Friday, 17:00 UTC == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <languages /> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2021 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1642179615 Friday 14 January 2022, 17:00 UTC]. This award is highlighting software tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects. The ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to our tool developers and maybe discover new tools! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Read more about the livestream and the discussion channels.]] Thanks for joining! [[m:User:AKlapper (WMF)|andre]] ([[m:User talk:AKlapper (WMF)|talk]]) -08:02, 6 January 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22528634 --> == Last two days for submitting proposals == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]] '''Tomorrow is the last day''' for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|submitting proposals for the Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]. Also, everyone is welcome to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Help us|translate, promote]], and discuss proposals. [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 22 Januari 2022 14.45 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == Rollout of the new audio and video player == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Hello, Over the next months we will gradually change the audio and video player of Wikis from Kultura to Video.js and with that, the old player won’t be accessible anymore. The new player has been active as a beta feature since May 2017. The new player has many advantages, including better design, consistent look with the rest of our interface, better compatibility with browsers, ability to work on mobile which means our multimedia will be properly accessible on iPhone, better accessibility and many more. The old player has been unmaintained for eight years now and is home-brewn (unlike the new player which is a widely used open source project) and uses deprecated and abandoned frameworks such as jQuery UI. Removing the old player’s code also improves performance of the Wikis for anyone visiting any page (by significantly reducing complexity of the dependency graph of our ResourceLoader modules. See [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/175/wikipedia_s_javascript_initialisation_on_a_budget/ this blog post.]). The old player has many open bugs that we will be able to close as resolved after this migration. The new player will solve a lot of old and outstanding issues but also it will have its own bugs. All important ones have been fixed but there will be some small ones to tackle in the future and after the rollout. What we are asking now is to turn on the beta feature for the new player and let us know about any issues. You can track the work in [[phab:T100106|T100106]] Thank you, [[User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] 17 Pébruari 2022 17.59 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Ladsgroup@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coolest Tool Award 2022: Call for nominations</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/> The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]] welcomes your nominations! What is your favorite Wikimedia related software tool? Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|submit your favorite tools]] by October 12, 2022! The awarded projects will be announced and showcased in a virtual ceremony in December. <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Oktober 2022 18.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=22611679 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Join the Coolest Tool Award 2022: Friday, Dec 16th, 17:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/> The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210028 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! This award is highlighting software tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects. The ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to our tool developers and maybe discover new tools! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Read more about the livestream and the discussion channels.]] Thanks for joining! -[[m:User:SSapaty (WMF)|Komla]] <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Désémber 2022 18.53 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24059435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Graph extension disabled</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" />Yesterday the [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|Wikimedia Foundation noted]] that in the interests of the security of our users, the [[mw:Extension:Graph|Graph extension]] was disabled. This means that pages that were formerly displaying graphs will now display a small blank area. To help readers understand this situation, communities can now define a brief message that can be displayed to readers in place of each graph until this is resolved. That message can be defined on each wiki at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Graph-disabled]]</bdi>. Wikimedia Foundation staff are looking at options available and expected timelines. For updates, follow the public Phabricator task for this issue: [[phab:T334940|T334940]]<section end="message" /> </div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 19 April 2023 17.36 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24483197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Automatic citations based on ISBN are broken</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" /> Apologies if this message does not reach you in your favorite language. [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)/ISBN|You can help translate it centrally at Meta]]. Thanks for your help. We have recently become unable to access the WorldCat API which provided the ability to generate citations using ISBN numbers. The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Editing_team|Editing team]] is investigating several options to restore the functionality, but will need to disable ISBN citation generation for now. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts, such as the autofill button on [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar|refToolbar]]. Please note that all the other automatic ways of generating citations, including via URL or DOI, are still available. You can keep updated on the situation [[phab:T336298|via Phabricator]], or by reading the next issues of [[m:Tech News]]. If you know of any users or groups who rely heavily on this feature (for instance, someone who has an upcoming editathon), I'd appreciate it if you shared this update with them. [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], on behalf of the Editing team.<section end="message" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 11 Méi 2023 19.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=25009633 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Temporary accounts for unregistered editors</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="body" /> ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/Updates/2023-09|Baca ini dalam bahasa Anda]] • <span class=plainlinks>[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-IP+Editing%3A+Privacy+Enhancement+and+Abuse+Mitigation%2FUpdates%2F2023-09&language=&action=page&filter= {{Int:please-translate}}]</span> • Sampaikan perubahan ini ke pengguna lain'' [[File:MediaWiki Temporary accounts page history mockup 2023-09 en.gif|alt=Pengujian halaman riwayat yang menampilkan gaya nama pengguna lama dan baru. Alamat IP 172.0.0.1 berubah menjadi akun sementara ~2024-23126-086, dengan ikon untuk membuka alamat IP asalnya|thumb|400px|Tahun depan, editor yang tidak teregistrasi akan mulai menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary_accounts|akun sementara]]]] Pada tahun 2024, penyunting yang belum [[Special:CreateAccount|mendaftarkan akun]] secara otomatis akan mulai menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary_accounts|akun sementara]]. Penyunting ini kadang disebut "Penyunting IP" karena [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/Glossary_of_key_terms#ip-address|alamat IP]]nya tampil dalam riwayat halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Tim Produk Kepercayaan dan Keamanan]] memberikan presentasi di Wikimania tentang perubahan ini. Anda dapat [https://www.youtube.com/live/3ygRnVXTAPM?si=lAkJEcvgPl1sV6JO&t=22290 menontonnya di YouTube]. Terdapat informasi lebih lanjut di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|m:IP Penyuntingan: Peningkatan Privasi dan Mitigasi Penyalahgunaan]]<section end="body" /> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]])</span> 30 Séptémber 2023 02.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636618 --> == Nulis artikel maké aksara Sunda == Di Wikipédia Sunda teu acan aya aturan ngeunaan kumaha nulis artikel maké aksara Sunda. Hal ieu diidinan atawa henteuna ? Lamun numutkeun sim kuring, upami aya nu nyerat artikel dina aksara Sunda kedah aya ogé artikel nu pakait dina aksara latinna. Ngan hanjakalna tugasna kedah 2x, janten rada ngarepotkeun ogè. Dimana artikel dina aksara latin waé teu acan kagarap sadayana. Kumaha kinten-kinten numutkeun anjeun sadaya ? @[[Pamaké:Kumincir|Kumincir]], @[[Pamaké:A2613|A2613]], @[[Pamaké:Mssetiadi|Mssetiadi]], @[[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|Ilham.nurwansah]], @[[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] Diskusi ieu kabuka ogé kanggo sadaya pamakè aktip Wikipédia Sunda. @[[Pamaké:Dinototosugiarto|Dinototosugiarto]], @[[Pamaké:Hayati Mayang Arum|Hayati Mayang Arum]], jrrd. [[Pamaké:Ariandi Lie|Ariandi Lie]] <sup>[[Obrolan pamaké:Ariandi Lie|ngobrol didieu]]</sup> 6 Juli 2024 12.32 (UTC) :{{Komentar}} abdi méndakan pérkawis anu hampir sarua di [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sawala_(basa)#Pamak%C3%A9an%20Aksara%20Sunda%20di%20Wikip%C3%A9dia%20Sunda diyeu] , kurang leuwih acan aya kawijakan nu ngatur perkawis iyeu. Mungkin éngkin tiasa di riungkeun babareungan deui kahareupna mah. Hatur nuhun <span style="border:3px outset;border-radius:9pt 0;padding:1px 7px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom right, blue,#00FF7F)">[[User:Zulf|<span style="color:#fff;font:1em Lucida Sans">🍃Zulf🍃</span>]]</span><sup>[[User talk:Zulf|''talk'']]</sup> 8 Juli 2024 10.36 (UTC) :Kedahna mah lamun ceuk urang heunteu nulis manual. Aturanna mah tiasa wéh artikel dialihaksarakeun maké bot atawa skrip kitu. Jadina urang nulis heula dina Latin engké dialihaksarakeun otomatis jadi aya ogé anu aksara Sundana. [[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:RXerself|sawala]]) 9 Juli 2024 05.50 (UTC) ::@[[Pamaké:RXerself|RXerself]] Jadi aya dua kaca kitunya? aya tombol aksarana, abdi rada ngadukung ogé lamun kitumah.{{Thumb up}}<span style="border:3px outset;border-radius:9pt 0;padding:1px 7px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom right, blue,#00FF7F)">[[User:Zulf|<span style="color:#fff;font:1em Lucida Sans">🍃Zulf🍃</span>]]</span><sup>[[User talk:Zulf|''talk'']]</sup> 9 Juli 2024 07.28 (UTC) ::Masalahna artikel dina aksara Sunda dipénta keur dipupus siga [[Husus:Diff/672039|kasus ieu]]. Nu menta pamupusan nyaéta anggota SWMT (Small Wiki Monitoring Team) WMF. Taah kumaha kinten-kinten lamun kieu ? [[Pamaké:Ariandi Lie|Ariandi Lie]] <sup>[[Obrolan pamaké:Ariandi Lie|ngobrol didieu]]</sup> 23 Juli 2024 12.16 (UTC) == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita Unggulan''' * Penatalayan kini dapat [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|memblokir akun secara global]]. Sebelum [[phab:T17294|perubahan]], hanya alamat IP dan rentang IP yang dapat diblokir secara global. Memblokir akun secara global berguna ketika pengguna yang diblokir seharusnya tidak keluar log. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Penguncian global]] (semacam mekanisme serupa yang pengguna harus keluar log dari akun mereka) tidak terpengaruh oleh perubahan ini. Fitur pemblokiran akun global yang baru ini berhubungan dengan proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]], yakni jenis akun pengguna baru yang menggantikan alamat IP editor yang tidak terdaftar dan tidak lagi terbuka. * Akhir pekan ini, pengguna situs Wikimedia akan melihat bahwa antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (juga dikenal sebagai "Perubahan Tertunda") telah diperbaiki dan selaras dengan antarmuka MediaWiki lainnya dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|sistem desain Wikimedia]]. Pengalaman antarmuka FlaggedRevs di ponsel dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|kulit Minerva]] sebelumnya tidak konsisten sehingga perlu diperbaiki dan dipindahkan ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] oleh tim Growth WMF dan beberapa sukarelawan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Pengguna situs Wikimedia sekarang dapat mengirimkan permintaan penghilangan akun melalui [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. Fitur ini berguna ketika seorang kontributor ingin berhenti menyunting selamanya. Fitur ini akan membantu Anda menyembunyikan keterkaitan dan penyuntingan Anda di masa lalu untuk melindungi privasi Anda. Setelah diproses, akun tersebut akan dikunci dan diganti namanya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Apakah Anda sudah mencoba memantau dan mengatasi vandalisme di Wikipedia menggunakan ponsel Anda? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ Sebuah artikel blog Diff tentang fitur Patroli di Aplikasi Seluler] menyoroti beberapa kemampuan baru dalam fitur tersebut, termasuk menggeser umpan perubahan terbaru dan perpustakaan pribadi pesan pembicaraan pengguna untuk digunakan saat berpatroli dari ponsel Anda. * Kontributor Wikimedia dan lembaga GLAM (galeri, perpustakaan, arsip, dan museum) sekarang dapat mempelajari dan mengukur dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh Wikimedia Commons dalam menciptakan konten ensiklopedis yang berkualitas dengan menggunakan dasbor analisis [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics]. Dasbor ini menawarkan analisis kepada lembaga-lembaga mengenai hal-hal seperti penyuntingan bulanan dalam sebuah kategori, berkas yang paling banyak dilihat, dan artikel Wikimedia mana yang menggunakan gambar-gambar Commons. Sebagai hasil dari timbunan data baru ini, lembaga GLAM dapat mengukur keuntungan investasi mereka dengan lebih andal untuk program-program yang membawa konten ke dalam Commons digital. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Berita Terbaru Proyek''' * Bagikan ide Anda guna menyempurnakan wiki melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] yang baru saja dibuka kembali. Daftar Harapan Komunitas adalah forum Wikimedia bagi para sukarelawan untuk berbagi ide (yang disebut sebagai harapan) untuk menyempurnakan kinerja wiki. Versi baru dari daftar harapan selalu terbuka, dapat digunakan dengan teks wiki dan Visual Editor, dan menerima harapan dalam bahasa apa pun. '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Anda pernah membayangkan bagaimana perangkat lunak Wikimedia bekerja dalam lebih dari 300 bahasa? Jumlah ini adalah 253 bahasa lebih banyak daripada antarmuka Google Chrome, dan ini bukan suatu kebetulan. Tim Pelokalan Bahasa dan Produk di Wikimedia Foundation mendukung upaya Anda dengan mengadaptasi semua perkakas dan antarmuka yang Anda gunakan ke bahasa Anda dan bahasa lain. Baca lebih lanjut mengenai tim ini dan pekerjaan mereka yang akan datang di [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff].</span> * Bagaimana Wikimedia dapat membangun produk yang inovatif dan bereksperimen sambil mempertahankan situs web yang banyak digunakan? Sebuah [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ artikel blog] baru-baru ini yang ditulis oleh staf WMF, Johan Jönsson, menyoroti pekerjaan inisiatif [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|Pemirsa Masa Depan WMF]], dengan tujuan bukan untuk membuat produk yang sudah jadi, melainkan untuk menguji ide-ide baru, seperti [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|pengaya ChatGPT]] dan [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], untuk membantu membawa Wikimedia ke masa depan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' Anda juga dapat menerima berita lain dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juli 2024 00.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juli 2024 23.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dua fungsi pengurai baru akan diluncurkan pada pekan ini: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> dan <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. Keduanya akan mengurangi kebutuhan untuk <code>Template:Dir</code> dan <code>Template:BCP47</code> di Commons dan memungkinkan kami untuk [[phab:T343131|membuang 100 juta baris]] dari basis data "apa yang terhubung di sini". Para penyunting di wiki manapun yang menggunakan templat ini dapat membantu dengan mengganti templatnya dengan fungsi-fungsi baru ini. Templat-templat di Commons akan diperbarui selama Hackathon di Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Komunitas dapat meminta aktivasi penyunting visual di seluruh ruang nama tempat diskusi kadang-kadang terjadi (misalnya ruang nama ''Wikipedia:'' atau ''Wikisource:'') jika mereka sudah mengerti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|batasan-batasan yang ada]]. Untuk berdiskusi, para pengguna sudah dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] di ruang nama ini. * Kategori pelacakan " Pages using Timeline" telah diberi nama baru menjadi "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" di [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 TranslateWiki]. Wikipedia yang telah menggunakan kategori ini secara lokal harus mengganti nama kategori lokal mereka agar sesuai. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Para penyunting yang membantu menyelenggarakan WikiProjects dan kolaborasi di dalam wiki yang sama, diundang untuk berbagi ide dan contoh-contoh kerja sama yang berhasil dengan tim Campaigns and Programs. Anda dapat mengisi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|angket singkat]] atau membagikan gagasan Anda di [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|halaman pembicaraan]]. Secara khusus, tim tersebut mencari informasi mengenai kolaborasi yang berhasil pada wiki berbahasa selain bahasa Inggris. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengurai baru sedang diluncurkan di wiki {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} selama beberapa bulan ke depan. Wiki {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} dan {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} [[phab:T365367|telah beralih]] ke Parsoid pada pekan lalu. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * Terdapat lebih dari 200 sesi di Wikimania pada pekan ini. Berikut ini adalah rangkuman dari beberapa [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|sesi utama yang berkaitan dengan area produk dan teknologi]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]] terbaru telah terbit. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Nawala Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya termasuk: Pratinjau desain baru untuk halaman-halaman yang dapat diterjemahkan; Pembaruan tentang MinT untuk Para Pembaca Wiki; penerbitan tumpukan terjemahan; dan lain-lain. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|Nawala Wawasan Produk MediaWiki]] bulanan terbaru telah terbit. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Agustus 2024 20.42 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Para penyunting dan pengelola [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] kini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|memperlihatkan CAPTCHA jika sebuah penyaring cocok dengan sebuah suntingan]]. Hal ini memudahkan komunitas untuk menanggapi spam yang dilakukan oleh bot otomatis dengan segera. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Para penatalayan]] sekarang dapat menentukan apakah pemblokiran global sebaiknya mencegah pembuatan akun. Sebelum [[phab:T17273|perubahan ini]] dilakukan oleh Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]], semua pemblokiran global akan menghalangi pembuatan akun. Hal ini akan memudahkan penatalayan mengatasi efek samping yang tidak diinginkan dari pemblokiran global pada alamat IP. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominasi sedang dibuka di Wikitech]] kepada anggota baru untuk melengkapi [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|komite standar Toolforge]]. Komite ini bertugas untuk mengawasi kebijakan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork]] dan kebijakan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool]] di antara tugas-tugas lainnya. Nominasi akan dibuka hingga paling lambat 26 Agustus 2024. * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam bahasa [[d:Q2880037|Bajau Pantai Barat]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Agustus 2024 23.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == Badé sumping: Fitur sub-rujukan énggal - cobian! == <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]].</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Please help us spread the message.</span> --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Para penyunting yang ingin menggunakan ulang referensi tetapi dengan informasi yang berbeda, seperti nomor halaman, mereka dapat melakukannya pada akhir tahun 2024, dengan menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-rujukan]] yang baru. Anda dapat membaca lebih lanjut tentang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|proyek ini]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|cara menguji purwarupanya]]. * Para penyunting yang memakai kategori pelacakan untuk mengenali halaman mana yang menggunakan ekstensi tertentu mungkin menyadari bahwa enam dari kategori tersebut telah diganti namanya agar lebih mudah dipahami dan dibuat konsisten. Kategori-kategori ini secara otomatis ditambahkan ke halaman yang menggunakan ekstensi MediaWiki khusus. Nama-nama yang terpengaruh adalah untuk: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Setiap wiki yang telah membuat kategori secara lokal harus mengganti nama ciptaan lokalnya supaya sesuai. Terima kasih kepada Pppery untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Sukarelawan teknis yang menyunting modul dan ingin mendapatkan daftar kategori yang digunakan di sebuah halaman, kini dapat melakukannya dengan menggunakan atribut <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> dari <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. Cara ini memudahkan wiki untuk mengatur alur kerja seperti pemberitahuan penyuntingan khusus kategori. Terima kasih kepada SD001 untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Status kekutu''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dukungan Anda akan membantu untuk memeriksa apakah terdapat halaman yang perlu dipindahkan atau dihapus. Sebuah skrip pemeliharaan telah dijalankan untuk membersihkan halaman-halaman yang tidak dapat dijangkau (karena kendala Unicode atau adanya nama ruang/nama alias baru). Skrip tersebut mencari kesesuaian nama halaman (misalnya dengan mengikuti perubahan Unicode atau dengan memindahkan halaman yang judulnya di Wikipedia dimulai dengan <code>Talk:WP:</code> agar judulnya dimulai dengan <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), tetapi hal tersebut mungkin mengalami kebuntuan pada beberapa halaman, dan sebagai gantinya dipindahkan ke <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi>. Komunitas Anda sebaiknya memeriksa apakah ada halaman yang tercantum di sana, dan segera pindahkan ke judul yang benar, atau hapus jika sudah tidak diperlukan lagi. Sebuah log utuh (termasuk halaman-halaman yang nama-namanya dapat ditemukan) tersedia di [[phab:P67388]]. * Para penyunting yang menjadi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|pembimbing]] bagi para pendatang baru di wiki mereka kini dapat mengakses daftar calon peserta bimbingan yang dapat dihubungi untuk memberikan petunjuk dan bimbingan. Fungsionalitas ini telah dipulihkan berkat [[phab:T372164|perbaikan sebuah kekutu]]. Terima kasih kepada Mbch331 yang telah mengajukan laporan kekutu. Anda dapat membaca tentang hal tersebut, dan 18 tugas lain yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Batas waktu pendaftaran untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Dewan Penasihat Produk & Teknologi]] (PTAC) telah diperpanjang hingga 16 September. Para anggota akan membantu dalam memberikan saran kepada pimpinan Product and Technology Foundation mengenai rencana jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, masalah strategis yang kompleks, serta membantu mendapatkan umpan balik dari para kontributor dan komunitas teknis. Anggota yang terpilih diharapkan meluangkan waktu sekitar lima jam per bulan untuk posisi Dewan ini selama masa percobaan satu tahun. Pertimbangkanlah untuk mendaftar, dan sebarkanlah informasi ini kepada para sukarelawan yang menurut Anda dapat memberikan kontribusi positif kepada komite itu. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2024]] dianugerahkan di Wikimania dalam tujuh kategori. Sebagai contoh, satu penghargaan jatuh kepada ISA Tool, yang digunakan untuk menambahkan data terstruktur kepada berkas-berkas di Commons, yang baru-baru ini disempurnakan pada saat [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Hackathon Wiki Mentor Africa]]. Anda dapat melihat video peragaan setiap perkakas di halaman penghargaannya. Terima kasih kepada para penerima penghargaan tahun ini, dan terima kasih kepada semua pembuat dan pengelola perkakas. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Buletin Wikimedia Foundation]] terbaru telah diterbitkan, dan memuat beberapa hal penting dari Wikimania, pertemuan komunitas Bahasa yang akan berlangsung, dan berita lain dari gerakan Wikimedia. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 Agustus 2024 00.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Agustus 2024 20.31 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting dan pengembang sukarelawan yang berminat pada visualisasi data kini dapat menguji perangkat lunak baru untuk pembuatan bagan. Versi awal tersedia di beta Commons dan beta Wikipedia. Ini merupakan tonggak penting sebelum membuat bagan tersedia di wiki secara umum. Anda dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|membaca lebih lanjut mengenai perkembangan proyek ini]] dan membantu menguji bagan tersebut. '''Berita unggulan''' * Editor yang menggunakan halaman [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] kini dapat menyaring halaman yang diinginkan untuk tetap berada di sana, seperti bak pasir, kasus uji, dan templat yang selalu disubstitusi. Para penyunting dapat menambahkan kata magis baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] ke halaman templat untuk menyembunyikannya dari daftar. Terima kasih kepada Sophivorus dan DannyS712 untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Para penyunting yang menggunakan perkakas New Topic di halaman diskusi, [[phab:T334163|sekarang akan diingatkan]] untuk menambahkan tajuk bagian, yang akan membantu menurunkan jumlah pengguna baru yang menambah bagian tanpa tajuk. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang hal tersebut, dan {{formatnum:28}} tugas lain yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. * Pada pekan lalu, beberapa perkakas Toolforge sempat mengalami masalah koneksi. Penyebabnya masih diselidiki, tetapi permasalahan tersebut telah teratasi untuk saat ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Para pengurus terjemahan di wiki multibahasa kini dapat dengan mudah menandai perubahan mana yang memerlukan pemutakhiran terjemahan ketika menyunting beberapa unit terjemahan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan [[phab:T298852#10087288|menu tarik-turun yang baru]]. '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Sebuah naskah rancangan kebijakan baru yang membahas penggunaan API Wikimedia [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|telah diterbitkan di Meta-Wiki]]. Draf naskah tersebut tidak mencerminkan perubahan kebijakan di sekitar API, melainkan sebuah upaya untuk mengkodifikasikan peraturan API yang sudah ada. Komentar, pertanyaan, dan saran dapat disampaikan di [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|halaman pembicaraan usulan pembaruan]] hingga 13 September atau hingga diskusi tersebut selesai. '''Pelajari lebih lanjut''' * Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang teknologi di balik proyek-proyek Wikimedia, Anda sekarang dapat menonton sesi dari jalur teknologi di Wikimania 2024 di Commons. Pada pekan ini, simaklah: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 menit) – tentang proyek Charts yang disebutkan di atas. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 menit) – tentang beberapa perkakas bahasa yang mendukung situs Wikimedia, seperti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Penerjemahan Konten]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Bagian]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], dan LanguageConverter, serta kondisi saat ini dan masa depan penerimaan bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Séptémber 2024 01.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita unggulan''' * Mulai pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaksis]] standar akan memiliki warna baru yang membuatnya serasi dalam mode gelap. Perubahan ini merupakan perubahan pertama dari banyak peningkatan yang akan dilakukan sebagai bagian dari peningkatan besar pada penyorotan sintaksis. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang perubahan yang akan datang di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|halaman bantuan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Para penyunting wiki yang menggunakan Wikidata sekarang akan diberitahu tentang perubahan-perubahan Wikidata yang relevan dalam daftar pantauan mereka. Alasannya adalah karena fungsi Lua <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> akan menggabungkan logikanya untuk melacak berbagai sisi dari pranala untuk mengurangi pemberitahuan tidak penting dari [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|pelacakan pranala yang tidak konsisten]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Berita terbaru proyek''' * Pengguna semua wiki hanya dapat mengakses situs-situs Wikimedia dalam mode hanya-baca selama beberapa menit pada 25 September, mulai pukul 15.00 UTC. Hal ini merupakan peralihan pusat data terencana untuk tujuan pemeliharaan. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diumumkan di Berita Teknis dan juga akan dimuat di setiap wiki dalam beberapa pekan mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Para kontributor dari [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedia]], termasuk bahasa Inggris akan mendapatkan ruang nama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> yang baru di Wikipedia mereka. Pembaruan ini memastikan bahwa pranala yang dimulai dengan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (biasanya pintasan ke [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) tidak rusak oleh Wikipedia [[w:en:Mooré|bahasa Mooré]] (kode bahasa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Séptémber 2024 18.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Séptémber 2024 00.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Kabar minggu ini''' * Pengalihan pusat data Wikimedia rutin yang kedua pada tahun ini akan berlangsung pada 25 September 2024. Hal ini mengakibatkan seluruh wiki menjadi tidak bisa disunting untuk beberapa menit (''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]]''), sekitar [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 pukul 22.00 WIB]. '''Pembaruan untuk kontributor''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|Tampilan fitur alt-text pada aplikasi iOS Wikipedia]] * Aplikasi iOS Wikipedia Bahasa Spanyol, Portugis, Prancis dan Tionghoa kini dilengkapi dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|penambahan alt-text]] pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|gambar]]. Fitur alt-text berfungsi untuk memberikan deskripsi tekstual suatu gambar kepada pengguna dengan disabilitas visual. Anda dapat memberikan masukan dan saran terhadap fitur ini melalui [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|halaman pembicaraan ini]]. * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Palet warna [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/ Codex Design System] kini [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Design_System_Team/Color/Design_documentation#Updates telah diperbarui] untuk mendukung penerapan fitur mode gelap (*dark mode*).</span> * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Potongan kode program di MediaWiki, baik itu yang berada di dalam laman kode modul maupun yang berada di dalam tag <code><syntaxhighlight></code>, kini [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166 dilengkapi] dengan fitur hyperlink ke link eksternal, <code><nowiki>[[wikilink]]</nowiki></code> dan <code><nowiki>{{template link}}</nowiki></code>. ** Fitur ini sudah diaktifkan terlebih dahulu secara lokal di laman kode gadget Wiktionary Bahasa Inggris. Sebagai contoh, lihat kode baris 223 pada [https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-CodeLinks.js laman ini].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Terdapat beberapa perbaikan bug pada fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * Selain itu, {{PLURAL:25|terdapat}} {{formatnum:25}} [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|isu teknis]] lainnya yang berhasil diselesaikan pada minggu kemarin. '''Pembaruan untuk kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] ** <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Enterprise Free API [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ kini dilengkapi] dengan kuota 5000 request on-demand dan akses snapshot API (HTML dump) dua kali tiap bulan.</span> ** <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Enterprise Snapshot API kini dilengkapi dengan fitur [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ Structured Content] versi beta. Sementara itu, dataset Wikipedia Bahasa Inggris dan Prancis dalam format Structured Content kini [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ tersedia] di platform Hugging Face.</span> '''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In depth</span>''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai tindak lanjut dari rencana [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split pemisahan butir artikel ilmiah dari database Wikidata], SPARQL endpoint Wikidata kini [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/September_2024_scaling_update dipisah] menjadi dua : [https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ scholarly] dan [https://query-main.wikidata.org/ main]. [https://query.wikidata.org/ SPARQL endpoint Wikidata yang dulu] akan tetap menyediakan akses ke seluruh butir Wikidata (sebelum pemisahan) sampai bulan Maret 2025. Setelah itu, endpoint tersebut akan berubah menjadi endpoint main (tanpa butir artikel ilmiah).</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Séptémber 2024 23.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2024 18.57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pembaca dari [[phab:T375401|42 wiki lain]] sekarang dapat menggunakan Mode Gelap. Apabila opsi ini belum tersedia untuk pengguna yang keluar log, ini kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh banyak templat yang belum ditampilkan dengan baik dalam Mode Gelap. Silakan gunakan [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ perkakas pemeriksa mode gelap] jika Anda tertarik untuk membantu mengurangi permasalahan ini. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|Halaman rekomendasi]] memberi panduan tentang hal ini. Mode Gelap dapat diaktifkan pada wiki lainnya satu kali per bulan. * Para penyunting yang menggunakan editor teks wiki 2010 sebagai penyunting bawaan dapat mengakses fitur-fitur dari penyunting teks wikitext 2017 dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> ke URL. Jika Anda ingin mengaktifkan editor teks wiki 2017 sebagai pengaturan bawaan Anda, opsi ini dapat diatur di [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|preferensi Anda]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * Untuk para pembaca yang sudah keluar log dan menggunakan kulit Vector 2022, pranala "Donasi" telah dipindahkan dari menu yang dapat diciutkan di sebelah area konten menjadi menu bagian atas yang lebih mudah terlihat, di sebelah "Buat akun". Cara ini mengembalikan pranala tersebut ke tingkat kedudukannya seperti pada kulit Vector 2010. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Pelajari lebih lanjut]] tentang perubahan yang terkait dengan pengalaman donor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * Ekstensi CampaignEvents menyediakan sarana bagi para panitia untuk mengelola acara dengan lebih mudah, berkomunikasi dengan para peserta, dan mempromosikan acara mereka di wiki. Ekstensi ini telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|diaktifkan]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Wikipedia bahasa Igbo, Wikipedia bahasa Swahili, dan Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Wikipedia bahasa Mandarin]] sudah memutuskan untuk mengaktifkan ekstensi tersebut, dan diskusi mengenai ekstensi ini sedang berlangsung di [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|Wikipedia bahasa Spanyol]] dan [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|Wikidata]]. Untuk mempelajari cara mengaktifkan ekstensi di wiki Anda, Anda dapat mengunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|halaman CampaignEvents di Meta-Wiki]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:22}} {{PLURAL:22|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para pengembang yang memiliki akun di wiki Wikitech sebaiknya [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|memeriksa apakah ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan]] pada akun mereka. Wiki tersebut sedang mengalami perombakan untuk menggunakan sistem "Single-User-Login" (SUL) dan perubahan konfigurasi lainnya. Pembaruan ini akan membantu mengurangi kerumitan secara keseluruhan dalam pembaruan perangkat lunak mingguan di semua wiki kami. '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Pengalihan peladen]] telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu dengan waktu baca-saja [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|hanya 2 menit 46 detik]]. Proses berkala ini memastikan bahwa para teknisi dapat mengalihkan pusat data dan menjaga agar semua wiki tetap dapat diakses oleh para pembaca, bahkan jika ada masalah teknis yang besar. Hal ini juga memberikan peluang bagi para teknisi untuk melakukan pemeliharaan dan peningkatan pada sistem yang biasanya berjalan 24 jam sehari, dan kerap kali membantu mengungkap kelemahan dalam infrastruktur. Proses ini melibatkan puluhan layanan perangkat lunak dan ratusan peladen perangkat keras, dan membutuhkan beberapa tim yang bekerja secara bersama-sama. Upaya yang dilakukan selama beberapa tahun terakhir ini telah memangkas waktu dari 17 menit menjadi 2–3 menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 4–6 Oktober: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|Hackathon di WikiIndaba Conference]] di Johannesburg, Afrika Selatan * 4–6 November: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] di Wina, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Séptémber 2024 22.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para komunitas kini dapat meminta pemasangan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] di wiki mereka. Automoderator merupakan sebuah alat anti-vandalisme otomatis yang mengembalikan suntingan yang buruk berdasarkan nilai dari model pembelajaran mesin "Revert Risk" yang baru. Anda dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|membaca informasi lebih lanjut mengenai langkah-langkah yang diperlukan]] untuk pemasangannya dan konfigurasinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penerjemah di wiki yang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|menggunakan pengalaman Penerjemahan Konten seluler]] kini dapat menyesuaikan daftar saran artikel mereka dari 41 pilihan pilihan penyaringan saat menggunakan fitur ini. Fitur saran artikel berbasis topik ini memudahkan penerjemah untuk menemukan sendiri artikel yang cocok berdasarkan bidang yang mereka minati dan kemudian menerjemahkannya. Anda dapat [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions segera mencobanya dengan perangkat seluler Anda]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * Lihat {{formatnum:12}} {{PLURAL:12|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Blok kode <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> kini dapat menawarkan tombol "Salin" kepada pembaca jika atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|diatur pada tag]]. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Pesan catatan kaki hak cipta yang dikustomisasi di semua wiki akan dimutakhirkan. Versi baru akan menggunakan markah teks wiki alih-alih menggunakan penyuntingan HTML mentah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pada akhir bulan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] akan diluncurkan pada beberapa wiki percobaan. Daftar lengkap wiki akan dipublikasikan pada paruh kedua bulan ini. Jika Anda mengelola perkakas, bot, atau gawai apa pun [[phab:T376499|di 11 wiki ini]], dan peranti lunak Anda memanfaatkan data alamat IP atau dapat diakses oleh pengguna yang sudah keluar log, harap periksa apakah peranti lunak tersebut perlu diperbarui agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Tersedia panduan tentang cara memperbarui kode itu]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pembatasan kecepatan sudah diaktifkan pada perangkat peninjauan kode [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] dan [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] untuk mengatasi masalah yang sedang berlangsung yang diakibatkan oleh lalu lintas dan aktivitas jahat. Klien yang membuka terlalu banyak koneksi secara bersamaan akan dibatasi selama beberapa menit. Pembatasan kecepatan ini dikendalikan melalui aturan tembok api [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]]. Penjelasan lebih lanjut, lihat halaman Wikitech tentang [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|pembatasan GitLab]], dan [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|operasi Gerrit]]. * Lima wiki baru telah dirilis: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} [[d:Q49224|bahasa Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} [[d:Q36096|bahasa Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} [[d:Q36213|bahasa Madura]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} [[d:Q2501174|bahasa Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} [[d:Q56482|bahasa Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 Oktober 2024 23.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ekstensi Structured Discussion (juga dikenal sebagai Flow) kini mulai dihapus. Ekstensi ini tidak dikelola lagi dan menyebabkan beberapa masalah. Ekstensi ini akan digantikan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], yang digunakan pada halaman pembicaraan biasa. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|Sejumlah wiki dalam kelompok pertama]] sedang dihubungi dan diajak untuk meninggalkan penggunaan Flow, serta memindahkan semua halaman Flow ke subhalaman sebagai arsip. Di wiki-wiki ini, sebuah skrip akan memindahkan semua halaman Flow yang bukan subhalaman ke subhalaman secara otomatis mulai tanggal 22 Oktober 2024. Pada 28 Oktober 2024, semua halaman Flow di wiki tersebut akan disetel dalam mode hanya-baca. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * Tim Search Platform WMF sedang mengerjakan upaya untuk mempermudah pembaca dalam melakukan pencarian teks dalam bahasa mereka. [[phab:T332342|Perubahan yang dilakukan pada pekan lalu]] terhadap 30 bahasa lebih memudahkan pencarian kata-kata dengan aksen dan diakritik lainnya. Hal ini berlaku pada pencarian teks lengkap dan jenis pencarian lanjutan seperti kata kunci <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> dan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi>. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai hal-hal teknis (termasuk beberapa peningkatan pencarian kecil lainnya) telah tersedia. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] telah dipasang di Wikipedia bahasa Rusia, dan perbaikan telah dilakukan untuk beberapa tampilan antarmuka pengguna yang masih kurang. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan perkakas Toolforge [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] sekarang akan diminta untuk masuk dengan akun Wikimedia mereka sebelum menjalankan pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan opsi "mesin pencari". Pembaruan ini diperlukan untuk membantu mencegah bot pihak luar menyalahgunakan sistem ini. Terima kasih kepada Chlod untuk penyempurnaan ini. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * Para pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] dapat membuat tiket dan menambahkan komentar pada tiket yang sudah ada melalui surel. Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|pengiriman surel ke Phabricator]] telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Beberapa elemen HTML dalam antarmuka kini dibungkus dengan elemen <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code>, untuk membuat output HTML kami lebih selaras dengan standar Web. Akan ada lebih banyak perubahan seperti ini dalam beberapa pekan ke depan. Perubahan ini mungkin akan berdampak pada beberapa perkakas yang bergantung pada struktur HTML antarmuka sebelumnya. Harap diperhatikan bahwa ketergantungan pada struktur HTML antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|tidak dianjurkan]] dan dapat mengalami kerusakan sewaktu-waktu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|Nawala MediaWiki Product Insights]] bulanan terbaru telah diterbitkan. Edisi ini memuat: pembaruan pada sistem autentikasi Wikimedia, penelitian untuk menyederhanakan pengembangan fitur pada platform MediaWiki, pembaruan pada Unifikasi Parser dan peluncuran MathML, dan masih banyak lagi. * [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Nawala Technical Community]] triwulan terbaru kini telah diterbitkan. Edisi kali ini memuat: penelitian tentang saran perbaikan topik yang berhubungan dengan negara, perbaikan tes PHPUnit, dan masih banyak lagi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Oktober 2024 21.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Mobile Apps telah merilis sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|pembaruan]] pada navigasi aplikasi iOS, dan kini telah tersedia di versi App Store terbaru. Kami menambahkan menu Profil baru yang memudahkan akses ke fitur-fitur editor seperti Notifikasi dan Daftar Pantauan dari tampilan Artikel, dan menempatkan tombol "Donasi" di tempat yang lebih mudah diakses oleh para pengguna yang sedang membaca artikel. Hal ini merupakan tahap pertama dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|penyegaran navigasi]] yang lebih besar yang direncanakan untuk membantu transisi aplikasi iOS dari aplikasi yang berfokus pada pembaca, menjadi sebuah aplikasi yang mendukung penuh kegiatan membaca dan menyunting. Wikimedia Foundation telah menambahkan beberapa fitur penyuntingan dan dukungan untuk komunikasi di dalam wiki berdasarkan permintaan sukarelawan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|Menu profil dan konten Wikipedia App iOS]] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pembaca Wikipedia sekarang dapat mengunduh ekstensi peramban untuk mencoba beberapa ide awal mengenai fitur tambahan yang dapat merekomendasikan artikel untuk dibaca lebih lanjut, meringkas artikel secara otomatis, dan meningkatkan fungsionalitas pencarian. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk mengikuti perkembangannya, lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|halaman Content Discovery Experiments]] dari tim Web dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|berlangganan nawala mereka]]. * Pada akhir bulan ini, para penyunting yang sudah keluar log dari [[phab:T376499|12 wiki ini]] akan mulai dibuatkan [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]]. Daftar ini mungkin akan sedikit berubah, di mana beberapa wiki akan dikeluarkan dari daftar, tetapi tidak ada wiki baru yang akan ditambahkan. Akun sementara merupakan jenis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|akun pengguna yang baru]]. Fitur ini meningkatkan privasi penyunting yang keluar log dan memudahkan anggota komunitas untuk berkomunikasi dengan mereka. Jika Anda mengelola perkakas, bot, atau gawai apa pun di 12 wiki ini, dan perangkat lunak Anda menggunakan data tentang alamat IP atau dapat diakses oleh pengguna yang keluar, periksa apakah perlu dimutakhirkan agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Panduan tentang cara memperbarui kode sudah tersedia]]. Pelajari lebih lanjut mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|rencana penerapannya di semua wiki]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, Wikipedia bahasa [[w:nr:Main Page|Ndebele Selatan]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]], dan [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * Sekarang Anda dapat membuat fungsi di Wikifunctions dengan menggunakan leksem Wikidata, melalui [[f:Z6005|jenis leksem Wikidata]] baru yang diluncurkan minggu lalu. Ketika Anda membuka salah satu dari fungsi-fungsi ini, antarmuka pengguna akan menyediakan pemilih lema yang membantu Anda memilih lema dari Wikidata yang cocok dengan kata yang Anda ketik. Setelah menekan tombol Run, lema yang Anda pilih akan ditarik dari Wikidata, diubah menjadi tipe lema Wikidata, dan diteruskan ke fungsi yang dipilih. Pelajari lebih lanjut mengenai hal ini di [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|nawala Wikifunctions terbaru]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna situs Wikimedia sekarang dapat memformat tanggal dengan lebih mudah dalam berbagai bahasa dengan fungsi pengurai <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> yang baru. Sebagai contoh, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> akan ditampilkan sebagai "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Sebelumnya, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> dapat digunakan untuk memformat tanggal, tetapi hal ini membutuhkan pemahaman tentang urutan komponen waktu dan tanggal serta tanda baca yang menyertainya. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (atau <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> untuk waktu lokal) menyediakan akses ke format tanggal standar yang digunakan MediaWiki dalam antarmuka penggunanya. Hal ini dapat membantu menyederhanakan beberapa templat di wiki multibahasa seperti Commons dan Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna Commons dan Meta sekarang dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|memperoleh bahasa pengguna]] secara optimal dengan menggunakan <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> alih-alih menggunakan <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] (PTAC) kini memiliki anggota perintis dengan perwakilan di Afrika, Asia, Eropa, Amerika Utara, dan Amerika Selatan. Mereka akan menangani inisiatif [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Dewan Teknologi Strategi Gerakan]] untuk menciptakan platform teknologi gabungan yang lebih tangguh. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Nawala Growth]] triwulanan terbaru telah tersedia. Di dalamnya memuat: modul Pembaruan Komunitas Beranda Pendatang Baru yang akan datang, opsi Konfigurasi Komunitas yang baru, dan informasi mengenai proyek-proyek baru. * Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|kini menjadi mitra resmi dari program CVE]], yang merupakan upaya internasional untuk membuat katalog kerentanan keamanan siber yang telah diungkapkan kepada publik. Kemitraan ini akan memungkinkan Tim Keamanan secara cepat menerbitkan catatan [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|kerentanan dan eksposur umum]] (CVE) yang memengaruhi bagian inti, ekstensi, dan kulit MediaWiki, serta kode lain yang dikelola oleh Foundation. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] sekarang sedang [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|menguji coba terjemahan mesin]] pada konten Daftar Harapan. Para sukarelawan kini dapat membaca versi terjemahan mesin dari daftar keinginan dan ikut berdiskusi bahkan sebelum para penerjemah tiba untuk mengerjakan alih bahasa. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 24 Oktober — Webinar Seri Pembicara Pendidikan Wiki — [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Teknologi Sumber Terbuka: Membangun Dasbor Pendidikan Wiki], dengan menghadirkan pemagang magang Wikimedia dan seorang pengembang Web dalam sebuah panel. * 20–22 Desember 2024 — [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] di Odisha, India. Hackathon untuk anggota komunitas, termasuk pengembang, perancang, dan editor konten, untuk membangun solusi teknis yang meningkatkan pengalaman kontributor. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Oktober 2024 20.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 22 Oktober 2024 11.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pada bulan November nanti, ekstensi Charts akan digunakan pada wiki uji coba untuk mengidentifikasi dan memperbaiki masalah yang ada. Sebuah tinjauan keamanan sedang dilakukan untuk memudahkan penerapan ke wiki percontohan guna pengujian yang lebih luas. Anda dapat membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|perkembangan proyek bulan Oktober]] dan melihat [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts dokumentasi serta contoh-contoh terbaru di Wikipedia Beta]. * Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], sebuah layanan eksternal yang dapat membuat buku dari Wikipedia, kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] untuk menampilkan gambar peta kotak informasi yang telah ditampilkan sebelumnya dalam buku cetak mereka di Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setiap wiki dapat menggunakan [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|ekstensi Guided Tour]] untuk membantu para pemula memahami cara menyunting. Ekstensi Guided Tours kini bekerja dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|mode gelap]]. Pengelola Guided Tour dapat memeriksa tur mereka untuk memastikan tidak ada yang terlihat janggal. Pengelola juga dapat mengatur <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> menjadi <code>true</code> untuk memperbaiki masalah lama. Mereka dapat menggunakan tanda baru <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> untuk menghindari tombol kembali yang tidak diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Para pengurus di proyek-proyek Wikimedia yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|ekstensi Nuke]] akan melihat bahwa penghapusan massal yang dilakukan dengan alat ini memiliki tag "Nuke". Perubahan ini akan membuat proses peninjauan dan analisis penghapusan yang dilakukan dengan fitur ini menjadi lebih mudah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 28 Oktober 2024 20.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penatalayan kini dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|membuat pemblokiran akun global]] menjadi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|pemblokiran otomatis]] secara global. Cara ini akan membantu penatalayan dalam mencegah penyalahgunaan oleh pengguna yang telah diblokir secara global. Tindakan ini termasuk mencegah akun sementara yang diblokir secara global keluar log dari sesi mereka atau berpindah peramban untuk melakukan pengeditan berikutnya selama 24 jam. Sebelumnya, akun sementara dapat keluar log atau mengganti peramban untuk melanjutkan pengeditan. Peningkatan ini merupakan penyempurnaan fitur anti-penyalahgunaan untuk proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]]. Anda dapat membaca lebih lanjut tentang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|perkembangan fitur-fitur kunci dari akun sementara]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Setiap wiki yang telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|menyalakan ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Daftar Kolaborasi]]. Daftar ini merupakan cara baru yang mudah bagi kontributor untuk mempelajari tentang Proyek Wiki di wiki mereka. Terima kasih kepada tim Campaign atas karya mereka yang merupakan bagian dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|rencana tahunan 2024/2025]]. Jika Anda tertarik untuk menghadirkan ekstensi CampaignEvents ke wiki Anda, Anda tinggal [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|mengikuti langkah-langkah berikut]] atau menghubungi User:Udehb-WMF untuk memperoleh bantuan. * Warna teks untuk pranala merah akan mengalami sedikit perubahan pada akhir pekan ini demi menghasilkan kontras yang lebih baik dalam mode terang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pada wiki multibahasa, para pengguna [[phab:T216368|kini dapat]] menyembunyikan terjemahan dari halaman istimewa WhatLinksHere. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|Data buangan]] XML telah ditangguhkan untuk sementara waktu sembari menunggu hasil investigasi sebuah kekutu. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Saat ini, Akun Sementara telah diterapkan pada enam wiki. Berkat tim Trust and Safety Product atas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|usaha ini]], Anda dapat membaca tentang [[phab:T340001|rencana penerapannya]]. Terhitung mulai pekan depan, Akun Sementara juga akan diaktifkan di [[phab:T378336|tujuh proyek lainnya]]. Jika Anda aktif di wiki tersebut dan memerlukan bantuan untuk memigrasikan perkakas Anda, hubungi [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] untuk mendapatkan dukungan.</span> * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Nawala Language and Internationalization newsletter]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya mencakup: Bahasa-bahasa baru yang didukung di translatewiki atau di MediaWiki; Metode masukan papan ketik baru untuk sejumlah bahasa; informasi mengenai acara-acara yang sedang berlangsung dan yang akan datang, dan lain-lain. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Gugur 2024]] akan berlangsung di Wina, Austria dan secara daring mulai 4 hingga 6 November 2024. Konferensi ini akan menampilkan diskusi seputar penggunaan perangkat lunak MediaWiki oleh dan di dalam perusahaan di berbagai sektor industri dan akan membangkitkan semangat dan menambah pengguna baru. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Nopémber 2024 20.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di wiki yang memiliki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|ekstensi Translate]] aktif, pengguna akan melihat bahwa FuzzyBot sekarang akan membuat versi terjemahan dari kategori-kategori yang digunakan di halaman yang diterjemahkan secara otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, tugas yang diminta untuk menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|ekstensi SecurePoll]] dalam [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|pemilihan pengurus]] khusus Wikipedia bahasa Inggris telah diselesaikan tepat waktu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pada <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, logika fungsi Wikibase <code>getAllStatements</code> berubah menjadi seperti <code>getBestStatements</code>. Dengan memanggil fungsi tersebut, ia akan mengembalikan suatu salinan nilai yang tidak dapat diubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * Pengguna [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ REST API Wikimedia], seperti pengelola bot dan pemelihara perkakas mungkin akan terpengaruh oleh pembaruan yang tengah berlangsung. API akan mengalihkan beberapa titik akhir muatan halaman dari RESTbase ke titik akhir [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|API REST MediaWiki]] yang terbaru. [[phab:T374683|Titik akhir yang terdampak]] meliputi pengambilan metadata halaman/revisi dan konten HTML yang ditampilkan. Semua perubahan ini akan tersedia di wiki uji coba pada akhir pekan ini, dan akan diikuti oleh proyek-proyek lainnya. Perubahan ini seharusnya tidak berdampak pada fungsionalitas yang sudah ada, tetapi pengguna aktif dari titik akhir yang terpengaruh harus memverifikasi perilaku di test-wiki, dan menyampaikan masalah apa pun di [[phab:T374683|tiket Phabricator]] terkait. '''Lebih lanjut''' * Para pengurus dan pengguna proyek-proyek Wikimedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|tempat Automoderator diaktifkan]] kini dapat memantau dan mengevaluasi metrik-metrik penting yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas Automoderator. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ Dasbor Superset] ini menghitung dan menggabungkan metrik tindakan Automoderator di proyek-proyek yang menggunakannya. Terima kasih kepada tim Moderator Tools untuk Dasbor ini. Anda dapat mengunjungi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|halaman dokumentasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang kerja ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8.00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]) — [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Pertemuan komunitas]] dengan sukarelawan dan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan di Wikimedia Commons untuk membantu menentukan prioritas dukungan untuk Tahun Anggaran 2025–2026. Topik dari pertemuan ini adalah mengenai cara pengaturan konten di Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Nopémber 2024 00.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Nopémber 2024 01.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Versi baru dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaksis]] mode editor standar teks wiki akan dirilis dalam [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|versi beta]] pada akhir pekan ini. Versi ini menghadirkan banyak fitur baru dan perbaikan pada beberapa kekutu, termasuk dukungan terhadap penulisan dari kanan ke kiri, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|pelipatan templat]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan panel pencarian yang lebih baik. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|halaman bantuannya]]. * Editor teks wiki 2010 kini mendukung pintasan papan ketik yang umum digunakan, seperti <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> untuk huruf tebal dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> untuk huruf miring. [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|Daftar lengkap keenam pintasan tersebut]] telah tersedia. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Mulai 28 November, halaman Flow/Structured Discussions akan diarsipkan secara otomatis dan diubah menjadi hanya-baca di wiki berikut ini: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. Tindakan ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|upaya penghentian penggunaan StructuredDiscussions]]. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan untuk mengarsipkan halaman Anda sebelum tanggal tersebut, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, pengguna yang membuat AbuseFilter baru kini hanya dapat mengatur penyaring ke "protected" [[phab:T377765|jika ia menggunakan variabel yang dilindungi]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], yang digunakan di halaman JavaScript, CSS, JSON, dan Lua, [[phab:T377663|kini hadir]] dengan pelengkapan otomatis secara langsung. Terima kasih kepada SD0001 untuk pengembangan ini. Fitur ini dapat dimatikan sementara di suatu halaman dengan menekan tombol <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> dan menghapus centang di "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengelola perkakas yang menggunakan sistem Graphite untuk melacak metrik sebaiknya bermigrasi ke sistem Prometheus yang lebih baru. Pengelola tersebut dapat memeriksa [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 dasbor ini] dan daftar dalam Deskripsi [[phab:T350592|tugas T350592]] untuk memastikan apakah perkakas mereka telah terdaftar, dan harus mengklaim metrik dan dasbor yang terhubung dengan perkakasnya. Selanjutnya, mereka dapat menonaktifkan atau memindahkan semua metrik yang ada dengan mengikuti instruksi dalam halaman tugas itu. Layanan Graphite akan beralih menjadi hanya-baca pada bulan April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|Laporan kinerja pengurai New PreProcessor]] telah dibenahi untuk memberikan hitungan yang akurat terhadap jumlah entitas Wikibase yang diakses. Perhitungan sebelumnya mengalami pengaturan ulang setelah 400 entitas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Pertemuan komunitas Bahasa]] akan berlangsung pada 29 November pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16.00 UTC]. Terdapat presentasi mengenai berbagai topik seperti pengembangan papan ketik bahasa, pembuatan Wikipedia bahasa Mooré, dukungan bahasa di [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], dan laporan dari komunitas Wayuunaiki mengenai proses mereka dengan Inkubator dan sebagai komunitas baru dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Pertemuan ini juga akan disertai dengan penerjemahan dalam bahasa Spanyol. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Nopémber 2024 22.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Dua fungsi pengurai baru telah ditambahkan pada pekan ini. Fungsi <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> menambahkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|pranala antarwiki]] dan fungsi <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> menambahkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|pranala antarbahasa]]. Fungsi-fungsi pengurai ini berguna pada wiki yang memiliki ruang nama yang saling bertentangan dengan awalan antarwiki. Misalnya, pranala yang dimulai dengan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris [[phab:T363538|bertentangan dengan awalan kode bahasa <code>mos</code> di Wikipedia bahasa Mooré]]. * Mulai pekan ini, wiki Wikimedia mulai tidak lagi mendukung koneksi yang menggunakan sertifikat HTTPS berbasis RSA yang lama, terutama rsa-2048. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keamanan bagi semua pengguna. Beberapa peramban lama yang tidak didukung atau perangkat ponsel pintar tidak akan dapat tersambung; mereka hanya akan menampilkan peringatan kesalahan sambungan. Lihat halaman [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations]] untuk informasi lebih lengkap. Semua sistem operasi dan peramban modern senantiasa dapat mengakses proyek-proyek Wikimedia. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Mulai 16 November, halaman Flow/Structured Discussions akan diarsipkan secara otomatis dan diubah menjadi hanya-baca di wiki berikut ini: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/id}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. Tindakan ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|upaya penghentian penggunaan StructuredDiscussions]]. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan untuk mengarsipkan halaman Anda sebelum tanggal tersebut, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * Pada bulan ini, ekstensi Chart telah digunakan untuk produksi dan sekarang tersedia di Commons dan Testwiki. Dengan rampungnya tinjauan keamanan, penyebaran wiki percontohan diperkirakan akan dimulai pada pekan pertama bulan Desember. Anda dapat melihat versi yang berfungsi [[testwiki:Charts|di Testwiki]] dan membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|berita terbaru proyek bulan November]] untuk lebih lengkap. * Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, kendala pada sistem "Unduh sebagai PDF" telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada akhir Februari, akun sementara akan digulirkan pada sedikitnya 10 wiki besar. Penerapan ini akan berdampak signifikan pada kode yang dikelola komunitas. Hal ini berkaitan dengan perkakas Toolforge, bot, gawai, dan skrip pengguna yang menggunakan data alamat IP atau yang tersedia untuk pengguna yang keluar. Tim Trust and Safety Product ingin mengetahui kode ini, memantaunya, dan membantu memutakhirkannya sebelum penerapan untuk meminimalkan gangguan pada alur kerja. Tim tersebut meminta para editor teknis dan pengembang sukarelawan untuk membantu mencari perkakas tersebut dengan menambahkannya ke dalam [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|daftar ini]]. Selain itu, pelajari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|dokumentasi yang telah diperbarui]] untuk mempelajari cara menyesuaikan perkakas tersebut. Silakan bergabung dengan diskusi di [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|halaman pembicaraan proyek tersebut]] atau di [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|utas khusus]] di [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia (dalam bahasa Inggris)]] untuk mendapatkan bantuan dan berbagi umpan balik. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Désémber 2024 22.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para kontributor dokumentasi teknis dapat menemukan bahan-bahan terbaru dan cara-cara baru untuk terhubung satu sama lain dan dengan Tim Dokumentasi Teknis Wikimedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|pusat Dokumentasi]] di MediaWiki.org. Halaman ini berisi berbagai pranala ke materi-materi untuk menulis dan memperbaiki dokumentasi, saluran IRC <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> baru di libera.chat, senarai acara dokumentasi yang sudah lewat dan yang akan datang, dan cara-cara untuk meminta konsultasi atau tinjauan dokumentasi. Jika Anda memiliki masukan atau ide untuk perbaikan terhadap ekosistem dokumentasi, silakan [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|hubungi Tim Dokumentasi Teknis]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Perubahan tata letak fitur Edit Check]] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] akan ditempatkan ke bilah sisi di tampilan desktop. Edit Check merupakan fitur bagi para penyunting baru untuk membantu mereka dalam mengikuti kebijakan dan panduan. Perubahan tata letak ini memberikan ruang untuk menampilkan [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|Check baru]] yang muncul ''saat'' mereka mengetik. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|Hasil awal]] menunjukkan bahwa para penyunting baru yang menemukan Edit Check 2,2 kali lebih besar kemungkinannya untuk mempublikasikan suntingan konten baru yang menyertakan referensi dan tanpa mengalami pengembalian. * Ekstensi Chart, yang membantu para penyunting untuk membuat visualisasi data, telah sukses digunakan di MediaWiki.org dan tiga wiki percontohan (Wikipedia bahasa Italia, Swedia, dan Ibrani). Anda dapat melihat contoh kerjanya [[testwiki:Charts|di Testwiki]] dan membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|berita terbaru proyek ini pada bulan November]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Para penerjemah di wiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|yang memiliki pengalaman seluler Penerjemahan Konten]], kini dapat menemukan artikel-artikel di kampanye proyek wiki yang mereka minati dari kategori "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en Semua koleksi]" di fitur saran artikel. Pengelola Kampanye proyek wiki dapat menggunakan fitur ini untuk membantu penerjemah menemukan artikel yang mereka minati, dengan menambahkan tag <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> ke halaman daftar artikel kampanye mereka di Meta-wiki. Cara ini akan membuat artikel-artikel tersebut dapat ditemukan di perkakas Penerjemahan Konten. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai cara menggunakan alat dan tag ini, silakan melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|panduan langkah-langkahnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]], yang memungkinkan para pengurus untuk menghapus halaman secara massal, kini memiliki [[phab:T376379#10310998|penyaring multipilihan untuk memilih ruang nama]]. Hal ini memungkinkan para pengguna untuk memilih beberapa ruang nama tertentu, bukan hanya satu atau semua, ketika menarik beberapa halaman untuk dihapus. * Fitur Nuke sekarang juga [[phab:T364225#10371365|menyediakan pranala]] ke halaman pengguna dari pengguna yang halamannya telah dihapus, dan ke halaman yang tidak dipilih untuk dihapus, setelah penghapusan halaman berada dalam antrean. Hal ini mempermudah tindak lanjut dari pengurus. Terima kasih kepada Chlod dan tim Moderator Tools untuk kedua pengembangan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * Tim Editing sedang bekerja untuk mempermudah pengisian sitasi dari archive.org dengan menggunakan perkakas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]], yakni pembuat sitasi yang dapat diisi secara otomatis. Tim ini meminta komunitas untuk menambahkan dua parameter terlebih dahulu, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> dan <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, di dalam TemplateData untuk setiap templat kutipan yang menggunakan Citoid. Anda dapat melihat [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 contoh perubahan pada sebuah templat], dan [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= daftar semua templat yang terkait]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} dalam bahasa [[d:Q9240|Indonesia]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Pada pekan lalu, semua wiki mengalami masalah dalam menayangkan halaman kepada pengguna yang masuk log dan beberapa pengguna yang keluar log selama 30–45 menit. Hal ini disebabkan oleh persoalan basis data, dan investigasi masih terus dilakukan. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, terdapat masalah pada fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan Tautan]] yang telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, daftar bagian yang dikecualikan dari Tambah Tautan sempat terabaikan dalam kasus tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], sistem desain untuk Wikimedia, kini tersedia dalam [[git:design/codex-php|implementasi tahap awal dalam PHP]]. Sistem ini tersedia untuk penggunaan umum di ekstensi MediaWiki dan aplikasi Toolforge melalui [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], dan akan segera hadir di bagian inti MediaWiki. Keterangan lebih lanjut dapat dilihat [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|di dalam dokumentasinya]]. Terima kasih kepada Doğu atas inspirasi dan sumbangsihnya terhadap perpustakaan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * Pengguna [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ API REST Wikimedia], seperti operator bot dan pengelola perkakas, mungkin terdampak oleh peningkatan yang sedang berlangsung. Pada 4 Desember, tim MediaWiki Interfaces mulai mengalihkan metadata halaman/revisi dan menyajikan titik akhir konten HTML di [[testwiki:|Testwiki]] dari RESTbase ke titik akhir API REST MediaWiki yang sepadan. Tim ini mendorong pengguna aktif dari titik akhir ini untuk memastikan perilaku perkakas mereka di Testwiki dan menyampaikan masalah apa pun di [[phab:T374683|tiket Phabricator]] terkait sebelum akhir tahun, karena mereka bermaksud untuk meluncurkan perubahan yang sama di semua proyek Wikimedia pada awal Januari. Semua perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk menggantikan sistem [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] yang sudah ketinggalan zaman. * [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 Survei Kepuasan Pengembang 2024] sedang mencari pandangan dari komunitas pengembang Wikimedia. Mohon ikut serta dalam survei ini jika Anda memiliki andil dalam mengembangkan perangkat lunak di ekosistem Wikimedia. Survei ini dibuka hingga 3 Januari 2025, dan terdapat [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|pernyataan privasi]] tambahan. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru pada pekan ini. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan mendatang dalam rangkaian [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|diskusi Wikimedia Foundation dengan komunitas Wikimedia Commons]] akan berlangsung pada [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|12 Desember pukul 8.00 UTC]] dan [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]. Topik dari pertemuan ini adalah tentang media baru dan kontributor baru. Para kontributor dari semua wiki diundang untuk hadir. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Désémber 2024 22.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Berminat untuk menyempurnakan manajemen acara di wiki utama Anda? [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] menyediakan fitur-fitur untuk penyelenggara seperti manajemen pendaftaran acara, promosi acara/proyek wiki, menemukan kandidat peserta, dan lain-lain, semuanya langsung di wiki. Jika Anda adalah seorang penyelenggara atau berpikir bahwa komunitas Anda akan mendapatkan manfaat dari ekstensi ini, buatlah sebuah diskusi untuk mengaktifkannya di wiki Anda sekarang. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang cara mengaktifkan ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, kunjungi [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|halaman status penerapannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS di Italia dan Meksiko di Wikipedia bahasa Italia, Spanyol, dan Inggris, dapat melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|Year in Review yang telah dipersonalisasi]] dengan pandangan yang didasarkan pada riwayat membaca dan menyunting mereka. * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia Android di Afrika Sub-Sahara dan Asia Selatan dapat melihat fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] yang baru. Fitur ini menyajikan istilah pencarian yang disarankan di bilah Pencarian berdasarkan artikel yang sedang dilihat, dan daftar rekomendasi bacaan yang disusun berdasarkan dua artikel yang terakhir dikunjungi oleh pengguna. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Bot pengingat global]] kini aktif dan berjalan di hampir 800 wiki. Fitur ini akan mengingatkan sebagian besar pengguna yang memiliki hak sementara ketika hak tersebut akan habis masa berlakunya, sehingga mereka dapat memperpanjangnya jika diinginkan. Lihat [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|halaman penjelasan teknis]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Edisi Berita Teknis berikutnya akan dirilis pada 13 Januari 2025 karena libur akhir tahun. Terima kasih kepada semua penerjemah dan semua orang yang telah mengirimkan materi atau umpan balik pada tahun ini. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah telah [[phab:T374988|diperbaiki]] di aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang telah menyebabkan gambar SVG yang dapat diterjemahkan menampilkan bahasa yang salah ketika diketuk. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru pada pekan depan. Peluncuran berikutnya akan dimulai pada 14 Januari. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Désémber 2024 22.23 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Sistem Single User Login tengah diperbarui dalam beberapa bulan ke depan. Ini merupakan sistem yang membuat pengguna dapat mengisi kolom masuk log di satu situs Wikimedia dan masuk ke semua situs lainnya pada waktu yang sama. Sistem ini perlu dimutakhirkan karena peramban web semakin membatasi kuki lintas domain. Untuk mengakomodasi pembatasan ini, halaman masuk log dan pembuatan akun akan pindah ke domain pusat, tetapi akan tetap terlihat oleh pengguna seolah-olah mereka berada di wiki asal. Kode yang telah diperbarui akan diterapkan pada pekan ini bagi para pengguna di wiki uji coba. Perubahan ini rencananya akan diluncurkan ke semua pengguna sepanjang bulan Februari dan Maret. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|halaman proyek SUL3]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan linimasanya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di wiki dengan PageAssessments yang sudah terpasang, Anda sekarang dapat menyaring hasil pencarian berdasarkan halaman-halaman di sebuah WikiProject dengan menggunakan kata kunci <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code>. (Wiki-wiki yang dimaksud: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/id}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * Satu wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q34129|bahasa Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:35}} {{PLURAL:35|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, ada kendala dalam memperbarui jumlah suntingan pengguna setelah melakukan pengembalian suntingan, yang kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Pengguna API REST Wikimedia, seperti operator bot dan pengelola perkakas, mungkin akan terpengaruh oleh pemutakhiran yang sedang berlangsung. Mulai pekan 13 Januari, kami akan mulai mengalihkan [[phab:T374683|beberapa titik akhir konten halaman]] dari RESTbase ke titik akhir API REST MediaWiki yang lebih baru untuk seluruh proyek wiki. Perubahan ini tadinya tersedia di testwiki dan seharusnya tidak memengaruhi fungsionalitas yang ada, tetapi pengguna aktif dari titik akhir yang terkena dampak dapat menyampaikan masalah secara langsung kepada [[phab:project/view/6931/|Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki]] di Phabricator jika ada kendala. * Para pengelola perkakas Toolforge kini dapat membagikan umpan balik mereka tentang Toolforge UI, yaitu sebuah inisiatif untuk menyediakan platform web yang memungkinkan pembuatan dan pengelolaan perkakas Toolforge melalui antarmuka berbasis visual, sebagai tambahan dari alur kerja baris perintah yang sudah ada. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk menyederhanakan tugas-tugas pengelola aktif, dan juga membuat proses registrasi dan penyebaran menjadi lebih mudah diakses oleh para pembuat alat baru. Inisiatif ini masih dalam tahap yang sangat awal, dan tim Cloud Services sedang dalam proses mengumpulkan umpan balik dari komunitas Toolforge untuk membantu merancang solusi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Baca lebih lanjut dan bagikan pendapat Anda tentang Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Bagi pengembang perkakas dan pustaka yang menggunakan sistem OAuth: Titik akhir pengenal yang digunakan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] menghasilkan sebuah objek JSON dengan sebuah bilangan bulat pada <code>sub</code> bidangnya, yang mana hal ini tidak seharusnya (bidang tersebut haruslah sebuah string). Masalah ini telah diperbaiki. Perbaikan ini akan diterapkan pada wiki Wikimedia pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Sebagian besar wiki sekarang ini menggunakan [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] untuk membuat penanda catatan kaki khusus dalam keluaran Parsoid. Mulai 20 Januari, aturan-aturan ini akan dinonaktifkan, tetapi para pengembang meminta Anda untuk ''tidak'' membersihkan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> Anda sampai 20 Februari untuk menghindari masalah selama migrasi. Wiki Anda mungkin mengalami beberapa perubahan kecil pada penanda catatan kaki di Visual Editor dan ketika menggunakan mode baca Parsoid percobaan, tetapi jika ada perubahan, hal ini diharapkan dapat membuat keluaran parser sesuai dengan keluaran parser lama. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan mendatang dalam rangkaian [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community Conversations Wikimedia Foundation dengan komunitas Wikimedia Commons]] akan berlangsung pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|15 Januari pukul 8.00 UTC]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|16.00 UTC]]. Tema pembicaraan kali ini adalah menentukan prioritas investasi perkakas di Commons. Kontributor dari semua wiki, terutama pengguna yang merawat perkakas di Commons, diundang untuk hadir. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Januari 2025 01.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus dapat menghapus beberapa halaman yang dibuat oleh pengguna atau alamat IP secara massal dengan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. Fitur ini sebelumnya hanya dapat menghapus halaman yang dibuat dalam 30 hari terakhir. Sekarang, fitur ini dapat menghapus halaman dari 90 hari terakhir, dengan batasan bahwa fitur ini ditujukan untuk pengguna atau alamat IP tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * Di [[phab:P72148|wiki yang menggunakan]] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]], saat fitur pengembalian suntingan digunakan untuk mengembalikan revisi halaman yang tidak dipatroli, revisi tersebut akan ditandai sebagai "dipatroli secara manual" dan bukan "dipatroli secara otomatis", sehingga membuatnya lebih akurat. Beberapa penyunting yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|penyaring]] di Perubahan Terbaru mungkin perlu memutakhirkan pengaturan penyaring mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, fitur "Sisipkan pranala" dari Visual Editor tidak selalu menyodorkan halaman yang sudah ada dengan benar ketika pengguna mulai mengetik, tetapi sekarang hal tersebut [[phab:T383497|sudah diperbaiki]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Ekstensi Structured Discussion (dikenal juga dengan nama Flow) sedang dalam proses penghapusan dari wiki. Ekstensi ini tidak terawat dan kerap menimbulkan masalah. Ekstensi ini akan digantikan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], yang dipakai pada halaman pembicaraan biasa. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|Kelompok wiki terakhir]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/id}}) akan segera dihubungi. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan mengenai proses ini, silakan hubungi [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] di wiki Anda. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Nawala Technical Community]] triwulan terbaru telah tersedia. Edisi ini mencakup: berita terbaru mengenai layanan dari tim Data Platform Engineering, informasi mengenai Codex dari tim Design System, dan lain-lain. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Januari 2025 01.36 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para pematroli dan pengurus - informasi atau konteks apa yang dapat membantu Anda membuat keputusan para pematroli dan pengurus dengan lebih cepat dan mudah? Wikimedia Foundation ingin mendengar pendapat Anda untuk membantu memandu rencana tahunan yang akan datang. Harap pertimbangkan untuk membagikan pemikiran Anda mengenai hal ini dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 pertanyaan lain]] untuk membentuk arahan teknis pada tahun depan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna Wikipedia App iOS di seluruh dunia kini dapat mengakses fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|Year in Review yang dapat dipersonalisasi]], untuk memberikan wawasan berdasarkan riwayat membaca dan menyunting di Wikipedia. Proyek ini merupakan bagian dari upaya menyeluruh untuk membantu menyambut pembaca baru saat mereka menemukan dan berinteraksi dengan konten ensiklopedis. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Pematroli suntingan sekarang memiliki fitur baru yang dapat menyoroti halaman-halaman baru yang berpotensi bermasalah. Ketika sebuah halaman dibuat dengan judul yang sama dengan halaman yang sebelumnya telah dihapus, kini sebuah tag ('Recreated') akan ditambahkan dan dapat disaring oleh pengguna dengan nilai [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] dan [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ada pemberitahuan baru untuk para penyunting jika mereka mencoba membuat pengalihan yang menautkan ke pengalihan lain ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|pengalihan ganda]]). Fitur ini akan menganjurkan agar mereka menautkan langsung ke halaman target pengalihan kedua. Terima kasih kepada pengguna SomeRandomDeveloper untuk perbaikan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Situs wiki Wikimedia mendukung pemeriksaan faktor kedua berbasis [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]] (seperti token perangkat keras) saat masuk log, tetapi fitur ini [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|rentan]] dan hanya memiliki sedikit pengguna. Tim Platform MediaWiki untuk sementara waktu mematikan penambahan kunci WebAuthn baru, agar tidak mengganggu peluncuran [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (Single User Login versi 3). Kunci yang sudah ada tidak akan terpengaruh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Bagi para pengembang yang menggunakan [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|timbunan Riwayat MediaWiki]]: Tim Data Platform Engineering telah menambahkan beberapa bidang baru ke dalam berkas-berkas ini, untuk mendukung inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Akun Sementara]]. Jika Anda mengelola perangkat lunak yang menggunakan berkas-berkas tersebut, harap tinjau kembali kode Anda dan panduan yang telah diperbarui karena urutan kolom-kolom di baris tersebut akan berubah. Perubahan juga akan terjadi pada satu bidang: pada bidang <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi>, bidang <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> akan diubah namanya menjadi <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. Perubahan ini akan diberlakukan pada rilis berikutnya pada bulan Februari. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Januari 2025 22.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan menu bilah alat penyuntingan "Karakter spesial" sekarang dapat melihat 32 karakter spesial yang paling sering digunakan di seluruh sesi penyuntingan di wiki tersebut. Peningkatan ini akan membantu mempermudah menemukan karakter yang paling sering dipakai. Fitur ini tersedia di penyunting teks wiki 2010 dan VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Para penyunting yang menggunakan penyunting teks wiki 2010 sekarang dapat membuat turunan daftar dengan indentasi yang benar dengan memilih baris yang ingin diindentasi dan kemudian mengklik tombol-tombol bilah alat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] Anda bahkan dapat menyisipkan tag <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> dengan menggunakan tombol bilah alat yang baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Terima kasih kepada stjn untuk perbaikan ini. * Diperlukan asistensi untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|pembangkit kutipan]] bekerja dengan baik di setiap wiki. ** (1) Para pengurus perlu memperbarui versi lokal dari halaman <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> untuk menyertakan entri-entri untuk <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>. Berikut adalah contoh perubahan yang perlu ditiru [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 untuk 'preprint'] dan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 untuk 'standard' dan 'dataset']. ** (2.1) Jika peta Citoid dalam templat rujukan yang digunakan untuk jenis rujukan ini tidak ada, peta Citoid perlu ditambahkan. (2.2) Jika peta Citoid sudah ada, TemplateData perlu diperbarui untuk menyertakan nama bidang yang baru. Berikut adalah contoh perubahan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 untuk 'preprint'] dan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 untuk 'standard' dan 'dataset']. Bidang-bidang baru yang mungkin perlu didukung adalah <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q15637215|bahasa Kanuri Tengah]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|perkakas OCR (pengenalan karakter optik)]] yang digunakan di Wikisource kini mendukung bahasa baru, yaitu bahasa Slavia Gereja. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Pébruari 2025 00.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi (PTAC) telah mengeluarkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draf rekomendasi]] bagi departemen Produk dan Teknologi Wikimedia Foundation. Mereka memberikan rekomendasi agar berfokus pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|pengalaman perangkat bergerak]], khususnya kontribusi. Mereka meminta [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|umpan balik dari komunitas di halaman pembicaraan]] paling lambat pada 21 Februari. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Secara baku, pranala portlet "Halaman spesial" akan dipindahkan dari "Kotak Perkakas" ke bagian "Navigasi" di bilah sisi menu utama. Perubahan ini dilakukan agar Kotak Alat dapat menampilkan perkakas yang berkaitan dengan halaman yang sedang dibuka, bukan perkakas yang berkaitan dengan situs, sehingga posisi pranalanya akan lebih logis dan konsisten. Untuk memodifikasi perilaku ini dan memperbarui gaya CSS, para pengurus dapat mengikuti petunjuknya di [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan tahun ini dalam meningkatkan cara pembaca menemukan konten di wiki, tim Web akan melaksanakan eksperimen terhadap sejumlah kecil pembaca untuk menampilkan beberapa saran untuk artikel yang berkaitan atau menarik di bilah pencarian. Lihatlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|halaman proyek ini]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para penyunting templat yang menggunakan TemplateStyles sekarang dapat mengatur hasil untuk pengguna dengan kebutuhan aksesibilitas tertentu dengan menggunakan kueri media yang berhubungan dengan aksesibilitas (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, dan <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Terima kasih kepada Bawolff untuk pengembangan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:22}} {{PLURAL:22|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, log pemblokiran global sekarang akan ditampilkan secara langsung di halaman {{#special:CentralAuth}}, seperti halnya penguncian global, untuk menyederhanakan alur kerja bagi penatalayan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Wikidata kini [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|mendukung sebuah bahasa khusus sebagai "standar untuk semua bahasa"]] untuk label dan nama lain. Hal ini untuk menghindari duplikasi yang berulang-ulang dari informasi yang sama di berbagai bahasa. Jika kueri Wikidata Anda menggunakan label, Anda mungkin perlu memutakhirkannya karena sebagian label yang ada akan dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * Fungsi <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> akan dipanggil di setiap halaman Wiki yang dibaca dan menyumbang ~2,5% dari total waktu pemuatan halaman. Nilai yang dihitung sekarang akan disimpan dalam tembolok untuk mengurangi beban pada peladen Wikimedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|upaya]] penghentian penggunaan RESTBase, titik akhir <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> telah dihentikan sejak 6 Februari 2025, dan akan segera dihapus. Lini masa ini dipilih untuk menyelaraskan dengan jadwal penghentian penggunaan untuk versi Android dan iOS yang lebih lama. Alternatif yang stabil adalah API tindakan "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" di MediaWiki, dan [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|contoh migrasi]] telah tersedia. Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki [[phab:T376297|dapat dihubungi]] jika ada pertanyaan. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Nawala Language and Internationalization newsletter]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Hal ini mencakup: Pembaruan tentang menu "Berkontribusi"; keterangan mengenai beberapa edisi bahasa terbaru dari Wikipedia; keterangan mengenai bahasa-bahasa baru yang didukung oleh antarmuka MediaWiki; pembaruan mengenai fitur daftar yang ditentukan oleh komunitas; dan lain-lain. * [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Nawala Chart Project]] terbaru telah terbit. Pembaruan ini berisi pembaruan mengenai perkembangan menuju visibilitas yang lebih baik dalam penggunaan grafik secara global dan dukungan untuk mengelompokkan halaman dalam ruang nama Data di Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Pébruari 2025 00.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas yang menggunakan perkakas Growth kini dapat menampilkan satu aktivitas di <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> bagi pengguna baru. Fitur ini akan membantu para pengguna baru untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai aktivitas penyuntingan yang dapat mereka ikuti. Para pengurus dapat membuat sebuah acara baru untuk ditayangkan di <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. Untuk memahami lebih lanjut mengenai fitur ini, silakan baca [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|artikel Diff]], lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|dokumentasinya]], atau hubungi [[mw:Talk:Growth|tim Growth]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Penyempurnaan halaman pembicaraan yang disorot]] * Mulai pekan depan, halaman pembicaraan di wiki ini – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/id}} – akan menggunakan [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|desain baru]]. Pembaruan ini telah melalui uji coba secara menyeluruh dalam versi Beta dan merupakan tahap terakhir dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|perbaikan halaman pembicaraan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * Kini Anda dapat melakukan navigasi untuk melihat halaman pengalihan langsung dari halaman tindakannya, misalnya halaman riwayat. Sebelumnya, Anda harus terlebih dahulu pergi ke halaman target pengalihan. Perubahan ini akan membantu para penyunting yang banyak bekerja dengan pengalihan. Terima kasih kepada stjn untuk perbaikan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * Saat ini, ketika sebuah referensi melalui fitur Cite digunakan berkali-kali, wiki menampilkan angka seperti "1.23" atau penanda abjad yang dilokalkan seperti "a b c" di dalam daftar referensi. Sebelumnya, jika terdapat banyak penggunaan ulang sehingga semua penanda alfabet digunakan, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|sebuah pesan galat]] akan ditampilkan. Sebagai bagian dari upaya [[phab:T383036|modernisasi dalam penyesuaian Cite]], pesan kesalahan ini tidak akan ditampilkan lagi dan sebagai gantinya, pranala balik akan kembali menampilkan penanda angka seperti "1.23" setelah semua penanda abjad digunakan. * Entri log bagi setiap perubahan pada grup pengguna penyunting sekarang lebih jelas terlihat dengan memerinci secara tepat apa yang telah berubah, bukan hanya sekadar daftar sebelum dan sesudah. Para penerjemah dapat [[phab:T369466|membantu memutakhirkan versi yang dilokalkan]]. Terima kasih kepada Msz2001 untuk perbaikan ini. * Sebuah penyaring baru telah ditambahkan ke perkakas [[{{#special:Nuke}}]], yang memungkinkan para pengurus untuk menghapus halaman secara massal, sehingga pengguna dapat menyaring halaman dalam berbagai ukuran halaman (dalam bita). Hal ini memungkinkan, misalnya, menghapus halaman dengan ukuran tertentu atau di bawahnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Para pengguna yang bukan pengurus kini dapat memeriksa halaman mana saja yang dapat dihapus dengan menggunakan perkakas [[{{#special:Nuke}}]]. Terima kasih kepada MolecularPilot untuk pengembangan ini dan perbaikan-perbaikan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu pada konfigurasi format berkas video AV1 sudah diperbaiki, sehingga memungkinkan berkas-berkas ini dapat diputar kembali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Parsoid Read Views akan segera diluncurkan ke sebagian besar Wiktionary dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, setelah transisi Wikivoyage ke Parsoid Read Views yang berjalan dengan sukses tahun lalu. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Pengembang perkakas yang berjalan di wiki harus memperhatikan bahwa <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> sudah tidak berlaku lagi. Perkakas yang membutuhkan <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> harus secara eksplisit mendeklarasikan <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> sebagai dependensi ResourceLoader, dan harus bermigrasi ke API <code dir=ltr>URL</code> asli peramban dalam waktu dekat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Pébruari 2025 21.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus kini dapat menyesuaikan sendiri cara [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|fitur Babel]] membuat kategori dengan menggunakan [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. Mereka dapat mengubah nama kategori bahasa, memilih apakah kategori tersebut akan dibuat secara otomatis, dan menyesuaikan pengaturan lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * Portal <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> telah dimutakhirkan—dan mendapat beberapa perbaikan yang sedang berjalan—guna memodernisasi dan meningkatkan aksesibilitas halaman-halaman portal kami. Saat ini, portal telah mendukung tata letak yang lebih baik bagi perangkat seluler, kata-kata dan pranala yang telah diperbaharui, dan dukungan bahasa yang lebih baik. Selain itu, semua portal proyek Wikimedia, seperti <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, kini telah mendukung mode gelap ketika pembaca menggunakan pengaturan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q33965|bahasa Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang membuat pengguna tidak dapat mengeklik hasil pencarian di antarmuka web telah diperbaiki pada beberapa konfigurasi Firefox di ponsel Android. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa selanjutnya akan diselenggarakan pada 28 Februari pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14.00 UTC]. Pertemuan kali ini akan membahas: hal-hal penting dan perkembangan teknis mengenai papan ketik dan alat bantu untuk bahasa-bahasa Sámi, kontribusi Translatewiki.net dari komunitas bahasa Lampung di Indonesia, dan tanya-jawab teknis. Jika Anda ingin bergabung, silakan [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|mendaftar di halaman wiki]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Pébruari 2025 00.40 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Semua penyunting yang masuk menggunakan tampilan seluler kini sudah dapat menyunting satu halaman penuh. Pranala "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" dapat diakses dari menu "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" di bilah alat. Sebelumnya, fitur ini hanya tersedia bagi penyunting yang menggunakan pengaturan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|kontribusi seluler tingkat lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Para pengurus antarmuka kini dapat membantu menghapus kode CSS Cite yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi yang mencocokkan "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" dengan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> lokal mereka. Daftar wiki yang memerlukan pembenahan dan kode yang harus dihapus [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css dapat dilihat pada pencarian global] dan [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 contoh ini]. Anda dapat mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang cara membantunya di [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|halaman proyek migrasi CSS]]. Penanda catatan kaki Cite ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") sekarang ditampilkan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] sehingga CSS yang sudah tidak digunakan tidak lagi diperlukan. CSS pranala balik ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") akan tetap digunakan untuk saat ini. Pembenahan ini diharapkan tidak akan menyebabkan banyak perubahan yang terlihat oleh pembaca. Bantulah untuk menghapus kode ini sebelum tanggal 20 Maret, jika tidak, tim pengembang akan melakukannya untuk Anda. * Ketika para penyunting menyematkan berkas (contohnya <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) pada halaman yang dilindungi oleh perlindungan beruntun, perangkat lunak tidak lagi membatasi pengeditan pada halaman deskripsi berkas; hanya unggahan berkas baru yang akan dibatasi.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] Kendati demikian, menyisipkan halaman deskripsi berkas (contohnya <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) kini akan menerapkan pembatasan penyuntingan pada halaman tersebut.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * Ketika para penyunting mengembalikan berkas ke versi sebelumnya, pengunggahan tersebut akan memerlukan izin yang sama seperti ketika mengunggah berkas versi baru. Sekarang, perangkat lunak akan memeriksa hak 'reupload' atau 'reupload-own',[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] dan mengikuti perlindungan beruntun.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * Ketika para pengurus menyusun daftar halaman yang akan dihapus dengan fitur Nuke, mereka juga dapat menyusun daftar halaman pembicaraan dan pengalihan terkait untuk dihapus, bersamaan dengan halaman yang dibuat oleh sang target, tanpa harus menghapus halaman-halaman tersebut secara manual. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Pembaruan sebelumnya]] terhadap Single User Login, yang akan mengantisipasi pembatasan peramban terhadap kuki lintas domain dengan memindahkan proses masuk log dan pembuatan akun ke domain pusat, kini akan diluncurkan ke semua pengguna selama bulan Maret dan April. Rencananya, tim ini akan mengaktifkannya kepada semua pembuatan akun baru di wiki [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] pada pekan ini. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|halaman proyek SUL3]] untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut dan linimasa yang telah disesuaikan. * Sejak pekan lalu, terdapat sebuah kekutu yang menampilkan beberapa ikon antarmuka sebagai kotak hitam hingga halaman dimuat sepenuhnya. Masalah ini akan diperbaiki dalam pekan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q2044560|bahasa Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu dalam memuat gambar di peramban Firefox versi lama di ponsel telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Maret 2025 02.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting yang menggunakan pengelola kata sandi di beberapa wiki mungkin akan mendapati perubahan di masa mendatang. Metode yang digunakan oleh wiki untuk memberikan informasi kepada pengelola kata sandi tentang penggunaan ulang kata sandi di seluruh domain baru-baru ini telah diubah, sehingga beberapa pengelola kata sandi mungkin menawarkan Anda kredensial masuk yang Anda simpan untuk situs Wikimedia yang berbeda. Sebagian pengelola kata sandi telah lebih dulu melakukan hal ini, dan sekarang sedang melakukannya untuk lebih banyak domain Wikimedia. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|proyek SUL3]] yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki cara kerja penyatuan masuk log agar tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan yang sedang berlangsung pada peramban web yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * Tim Wikipedia Apps mengundang para peminat untuk membantu meningkatkan penggunaan Wikipedia secara luring dalam penggunaan internet yang terbatas. Setelah adanya diskusi di [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|pertemuan ESEAP]] terakhir, tantangan-tantangan utama seperti pencarian, penyuntingan, dan akses luring sedang dijajaki, dengan kelompok-kelompok diskusi yang akan dibentuk untuk membahas topik-topik ini lebih dalam. Kami menerima semua bahasa, dan penerjemah akan tersedia. Mau berbagi pendapat Anda? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Bergabunglah dalam diskusinya]] atau kirim surel ke <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>. * Semua wiki akan berstatus hanya-baca selama beberapa menit pada 19 Maret. Hal ini akan dilakukan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 pukul 14.00 UTC]. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diumumkan di Berita Teknis dan juga akan dikirim ke setiap wiki dalam beberapa pekan mendatang. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Di dalamnya termasuk: peluncuran modul Community Updates, perombakan terbaru di Community Configuration, dan pengujian usulan di dalam artikel untuk penyunting pemula. * Sebuah API lama yang pernah digunakan di aplikasi Wikipedia Android akan dihapus pada akhir bulan Maret. API lama tersebut tidak akan digunakan lagi, tetapi pengguna aplikasi dengan versi yang lebih dari 6 (enam) bulan pada saat penghapusan (31 Maret 2025) tidak akan lagi memiliki akses ke fitur Saran Suntingan, hingga mereka memperbarui aplikasinya. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|membaca informasi lebih lanjut tentang perubahan ini]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Maret 2025 23.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setiap dua kali setahun, bertepatan dengan ekuinoks, tim Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) Wikimedia Foundation melakukan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|pengalihan pusat data]]. Dalam proses ini, seluruh lalu lintas dialihkan dari peladen utama ke peladen cadangan untuk memastikan keandalan sistem jika terjadi krisis, sehingga selalu ada pusat data yang dapat digunakan. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Dengan perkakas Listen to Wikipedia], Anda dapat mendengar proses pengalihan ini secara langsung. Sebelum dimulai, aliran suntingan terdengar stabil. Saat sistem memasuki mode hanya-baca sejenak, suara akan berhenti selama beberapa menit, kemudian kembali setelah pemindahan selesai. Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang proses ini, Anda dapat membaca [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|blog Diff]]. Jika ingin mengikuti pengalihan peladen berikutnya, dengarkan wiki pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 19 Maret pukul 14.00 UTC]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Dasbor perkakas Penerjemahan Konten] yang telah disempurnakan kini tersedia di [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedia]] dan akan [[phab:T387821|segera hadir]] di semua Wikipedia. Dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|dasbor terintegrasi]], pengguna desktop sekarang dapat: mengalihbahasakan bagian baru dari sebuah artikel; menemukan dan mengakses [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits penyaring saran artikel berbasis topik] (awalnya hanya tersedia untuk pengguna perangkat seluler); menemukan dan mengakses penyaring [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|daftar yang ditentukan oleh komunitas]], yang juga dikenal sebagai "Koleksi", dari proyek-proyek dan kampanye wiki. * Wikimedia Commons kini memiliki [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|sistem baru untuk memilih kategori berkas dengan lebih mudah]]. Jika suatu kategori memiliki subkategori, pengguna dapat mengeklik tanda panah untuk membukanya langsung dalam formulir dan memilih subkategori yang sesuai. Nama kategori utama tetap ditampilkan di bagian atas, memungkinkan pengguna untuk kembali kapan saja. Hal ini seharusnya mengurangi jumlah pekerjaan bagi para sukarelawan dalam memperbaiki/membuat kategori baru. Perubahan ini juga tersedia di perangkat seluler. Peningkatan ini adalah bagian dari pengembangan terencana untuk UploadWizard. * Tim Teknologi Komunitas sedang mencari wiki yang bersedia berpartisipasi dalam uji coba fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblock]] dan pembaruan halaman Special:Block yang dirilis pada akhir Maret. Fitur Multiblock memungkinkan pengurus menerapkan beberapa jenis pemblokiran pada satu pengguna secara bersamaan. Jika Anda adalah pengurus atau penatalayan dan tertarik untuk ikut serta dalam uji coba bersama komunitas Anda, silakan tinggalkan pesan di [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Mulai 25 Maret, tim Editing akan menguji fitur baru Pemeriksaan Suntingan: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]], di [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedia]]. Dalam uji coba ini, setengah dari pengguna baru di wiki-wiki tersebut akan melihat semua [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] yang relevan selama sesi penyuntingan mereka, sementara yang lain hanya akan melihat satu. Tujuan pengujian ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah pengguna merasa bingung atau kewalahan ketika diberikan beberapa Pemeriksaan Referensi dalam satu sesi. Selain itu, di wiki ini, tag yang digunakan pada suntingan yang menampilkan Pemeriksaan Referensi akan disederhanakan, memungkinkan beberapa tag muncul dalam satu suntingan. Perubahan pada tag ini akan didokumentasikan [[phab:T373949|di Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Bot pengingat global]], yang berfungsi memberi tahu pengguna tentang berakhirnya hak pengguna sementara mereka, kini mendukung penggunaan nama lokal kelompok hak pengguna dalam judul pesan. Penerjemah dapat meninjau [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|daftar terjemahan dan dokumentasi yang tersedia]] untuk memastikan apakah bahasa mereka perlu diperbarui atau ditambahkan. * Pengaturan gender di [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]], yang menentukan bagaimana perangkat lunak merujuk kepada Anda dalam pesan antarmuka, kini berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya dengan menggantikan pengaturan standar lokal. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:26}} {{PLURAL:26|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android telah memperbaiki kekutu yang terjadi saat pengguna menjelajah dan mencari dalam beberapa bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Akhir pekan ini, metode pemuatan tampilan Codex akan mengalami perubahan. Meskipun risikonya kecil, perubahan ini dapat menyebabkan kotak pesan antarmuka tidak selaras dengan gaya di beberapa halaman. Konten buatan pengguna, seperti templat, tidak akan terpengaruh, tetapi gawai mungkin terdampak. Jika Anda menemukan masalah, [[phab:T388847|harap laporkan]]. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk tangkapan layar dan panduan perbaikan gawai yang terpengaruh, silakan lihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Maret 2025 23.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang Anda untuk memberikan umpan balik mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|draf tujuan dan hasil utama yang akan menjadi prioritas Produk dan Teknologi]] pada tahun fiskal mendatang, yang dimulai pada bulan Juli. Tujuan tersebut mencakup area strategis yang luas, sementara hasil utama berfungsi sebagai indikator terukur untuk menilai keberhasilannya. Silakan bagikan masukan Anda di halaman pembicaraan dalam bahasa apa pun, sebaiknya sebelum akhir April. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] akan dirilis ke beberapa wiki (lihat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|rencana penerapan]] untuk keterangan lebih lanjut) pada April 2025, dan tim telah memulai proses melibatkan komunitas di wiki yang telah diidentifikasi. Ekstensi ini menyediakan alat untuk mengorganisasi, mengelola, dan mempromosikan aktivitas kolaboratif (seperti acara, edit-a-thon, dan proyek wiki) di wiki. Ekstensi ini memiliki perkakas untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] (Event Registration), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]] (Collaboration List), dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]] (Invitation Lists). Saat ini, ekstensi ini sudah tersedia di 13 Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, Wikipedia bahasa Spanyol, serta di Wikidata. Pertanyaan atau permintaan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|halaman diskusi ekstensi]] atau di Phabricator (dengan tag <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi>). * Mulai pekan 31 Maret, wiki-wiki akan dapat menetapkan kelompok pengguna mana yang dapat melihat pendaftar privat dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] sebagai bagian dari ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]]. Secara bawaan, penyelenggara acara dan pengurus wiki lokal akan dapat melihat pendaftar privat. Hal ini merupakan perubahan dari perilaku saat ini, di mana hanya penyelenggara acara yang dapat melihat pendaftar privat. Wiki dapat mengubah pengaturan bawaan ini dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|mengajukan permintaan perubahan konfigurasi]] di Phabricator (dengan menambahkan tag <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi>). Peserta acara sebelumnya dapat membatalkan pendaftaran mereka kapan saja. * Para pengurus di wiki dengan <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> yang disesuaikan perlu memastikan bahwa bilah sisi mereka mencantumkan {{int:specialpages}} listing. Jika belum, mereka harus menambahkannya menggunakan <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Sementara itu, untuk wiki dengan bilah sisi bawaan, pranala tersebut akan dipindahkan dari kotak perkakas halaman (''page toolbox'') ke menu bilah sisi pada bulan April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * Kulit Minerva (web seluler) kini menggabungkan notifikasi Notifikasi dan Pemberitahuan dalam ikon lonceng ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). Sebelumnya, terdapat kekutu lama, di mana indikator notifikasi baru hanya muncul jika ada Pemberitahuan yang belum dilihat. Masalah ini sekarang telah diperbaiki. Ke depannya, pengguna Minerva akan melihat penghitung di atas ikon lonceng saat terdapat Notifikasi dan/atau Pemberitahuan yang belum dilihat (minimal 1). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * VisualEditor telah memperkenalkan [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|pengait sisi klien baru]] untuk membantu pengembang dalam mengintegrasikan dengan siklus hidup target VisualEditor. Pengait ini akan menggantikan pengait siklus hidup yang sudah ada dengan pendekatan yang lebih konsisten di berbagai platform. Selain itu, pengait baru ini juga mencakup penggunaan VisualEditor di luar pengeditan artikel penuh, memungkinkan gawai berinteraksi dengan para penyunting di DiscussionTools. Tim Editor berencana menghentikan penggunaan dan akhirnya menghapus pengait siklus hidup lama. Oleh karena itu, mereka tertarik untuk mengetahui setiap kasus penggunaan yang belum tercakup dalam pengait baru ini, yang dapat [[phab:T355555|dibagikan dalam tugas terkait]]. * Para pengembang yang menggunakan perpustakaan JavaScript <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> kini dapat mengidentifikasi perkakas yang memanfaatkannya melalui parameter <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code>: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. Jika Anda mengelola sebuah gawai atau skrip pengguna, harap tetapkan agen pengguna karena ini membantu dalam pemeliharaan perpustakaan dan peladen, serta membedakan lalu lintas yang sah dan tidak sah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Maret 2025 22.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Editing sedang mengerjakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]] baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. Tujuan dari pemeriksaan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi istilah-istilah yang tidak netral ketika seorang pengguna menyunting halaman Wikipedia, sehingga mereka dapat diberitahu bahwa suntingan mereka mungkin perlu diperbaiki sebelum dipublikasikan. Proyek ini masih dalam tahap awal, dan tim sedang mencari masukan dari komunitas. Dalam [[phab:T389445|tugas Phabricator ini]], mereka mengumpulkan kebijakan wiki, templat yang digunakan untuk menandai artikel yang tidak netral, serta istilah-istilah (jargon dan kata kunci) yang ditemukan dalam ringkasan suntingan untuk bahasa-bahasa yang sedang mereka teliti. Anda dapat berpartisipasi dengan menyunting tabel di Phabricator, mengomentari tugas tersebut, atau menghubungi [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] secara langsung. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] kini telah diperbarui di semua wiki untuk mengalihkan proses masuk dan pembuatan akun ke domain pusat. Pembaruan ini memastikan kompatibilitas login pengguna dengan pembatasan peramban terhadap kuki lintas domain, yang sebelumnya menyebabkan beberapa pengguna mengalami kesulitan tetap masuk. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:35}} {{PLURAL:35|tugas}} yang diajukan komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 31 Maret, Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan merilis secara terbatas spesifikasi OpenAPI yang telah dikembangkan serta pengalaman sandbox berbasis SwaggerUI untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|API REST MediaWiki]]. Mereka mengundang pengembang dari komunitas Wikipedia non-Inggris tertentu (Arab, Jerman, Prancis, Ibrani, Interlingua, Belanda, dan Tionghoa) untuk meninjau dokumentasi dan mencoba bak pasir dalam bahasa pilihan mereka. Selain proyek Wikipedia yang ditargetkan, bak pasir dan spesifikasi OpenAPI juga akan tersedia di [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|halaman khusus REST Sandbox pada wiki uji coba]] bagi pengembang yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa utama. Selama periode pratinjau ini, Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki mengundang para pengembang untuk [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|memberikan umpan balik mengenai pengalaman mereka]]. Pratinjau akan berlangsung sekitar dua pekan. Lalu, bak pasir dan spesifikasi OpenAPI akan tersedia di semua proyek wiki. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode secara lengkap pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Terkadang, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|perubahan kecil pada satu baris kode]] dapat membawa dampak yang sangat besar. Dalam kasus ini, untuk pertama kalinya dalam beberapa tahun, seluruh tumpukan yang melayani <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi>—sebuah inang yang didedikasikan untuk wiki dan kebutuhan peta multibahasa—dapat dijalankan dari satu pusat data inti untuk pertama kalinya dalam beberapa tahun. Skenario ini diuji setiap kali terjadi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|peralihan pusat data]]. Perubahan ini sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa jika salah satu pusat data terdampak bencana, situs tetap dapat beroperasi. Pencapaian ini merupakan [[phab:T216826|hasil kerja keras]] dua pengembang dalam memigrasikan komponen terakhir dari tumpukan peta ke [[w:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]], yang memungkinkan alokasi sumber daya yang lebih efisien dan meningkatkan kapasitas penanganan lalu lintas dalam satu pusat data. Proses migrasi ini melibatkan banyak langkah kompleks, karena perangkat lunak dan pustaka yang digunakannya memerlukan pembaruan besar yang telah lama tertunda. Pekerjaan seperti ini membantu menjadikan infrastruktur Wikimedia lebih tangguh dan berkelanjutan. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2025]] (MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2025) akan diselenggarakan di Sandusky, Amerika Serikat, serta secara daring pada 14–16 Mei 2025. Acara ini akan membahas penggunaan perangkat lunak MediaWiki oleh berbagai perusahaan di berbagai industri serta menginspirasi dan menarik pengguna baru. Pendaftaran peserta dan proposal presentasi kini tersedia di situs web konferensi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 April 2025 00.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai saat ini, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|para pengurus antarmuka]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|pengurus pengumuman pusat (''centralnotice'')]] secara teknis diwajibkan untuk mengaktifkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua faktor]] sebelum dapat menggunakan hak istimewa mereka. Ke depannya, kebijakan ini dapat diperluas untuk mencakup lebih banyak kelompok dengan hak pengguna tingkat lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tim Design System sedang mempersiapkan peluncuran versi utama berikutnya dari Codex (v2.0.0) pada 29 April. Para penyunting dan pengembang yang menggunakan CSS dari Codex diimbau untuk meninjau [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|dokumentasi ikhtisar versi 2.0]], yang memuat panduan mengenai sejumlah perubahan penting, termasuk <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, dan <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * Hasil [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang (2025)]] telah dipublikasikan. Ucapan terima kasih disampaikan kepada semua peserta atas kontribusinya. Temuan dari survei ini berperan penting dalam membantu Wikimedia Foundation menetapkan arah kerja ke depan dan meninjau capaian yang telah dilakukan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|Wikimedia Hackathon 2025]] akan berlangsung di Istanbul, Turki, pada 2–4 Mei. Batas akhir pendaftaran untuk keikutsertaan langsung adalah 13 April. Calon peserta diimbau untuk memeriksa terlebih dahulu persyaratan [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] atau [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] yang mungkin diperlukan untuk masuk ke Turki sebelum mendaftar. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 April 2025 18.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Akhir pekan ini, ukuran standar gambar mini akan ditingkatkan dari 220 piksel menjadi 250 piksel. Perubahan ini akan memengaruhi tampilan halaman di seluruh wiki dan telah menjadi permintaan sejumlah komunitas selama bertahun-tahun. Sebelumnya, hal tersebut belum dapat diwujudkan karena keterbatasan teknis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * Gambar mini dari berkas kini disimpan dalam berbagai ukuran. Jika suatu halaman menetapkan ukuran gambar mini yang tidak termasuk dalam daftar ukuran standar (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 250, 330, 500, 960 piksel), MediaWiki akan memilih ukuran gambar mini terbesar yang tersedia, kemudian meminta peramban untuk mengecilkan ukurannya sesuai dengan yang diminta. Dalam kasus seperti ini, tidak akan ada perubahan secara visual, tetapi pengguna mungkin akan memuat gambar dengan ukuran yang sedikit lebih besar. Jika tidak ada preferensi khusus mengenai ukuran gambar mini yang digunakan dalam suatu halaman, disarankan untuk memilih salah satu dari ukuran standar guna menghindari proses pengecilan di sisi peramban. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation tengah mengembangkan sebuah sistem bernama [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] yang akan memungkinkan pelaksanaan uji A/B, membantu melindungi dari serangan kegagalan layanan (DDoS), serta mempermudah pemahaman mengenai jumlah pengunjung situs-situs Wikimedia. Inisiatif ini bertujuan untuk membangun perangkat yang dapat mendukung pembaca secara lebih efisien dan memudahkan mereka dalam menemukan informasi yang mereka cari. * Untuk meningkatkan keamanan pengguna, sebagian kecil proses masuk log kini akan mengharuskan pemilik akun memasukkan kata sandi sekali pakai yang dikirimkan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|surel ke alamat yang terdaftar di akun mereka]]. Pengguna disarankan untuk [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|memastikan]] bahwa alamat surel pada akun telah diatur dengan benar, telah dikonfirmasi, dan dapat digunakan untuk keperluan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Apakah Anda tertarik untuk mengikuti survei singkat guna meningkatkan alat bantu yang digunakan dalam meninjau atau mengembalikan suntingan di Wiki Anda?" Pertanyaan ini akan [[phab:T389401|ditampilkan di tujuh wiki mulai pekan depan]], pada halaman "Perubahan terbaru" dan "Daftar pantauan". [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Tim Moderator Tools]] ingin memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan peninjauan suntingan baru dalam proyek Wikimedia Anda, serta proses penentuan apakah suntingan tersebut sesuai dengan kebijakan proyek yang berlaku. * Mulai 15 April, grafik lengkap Wikidata tidak akan lagi didukung di <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. Setelah tanggal tersebut, artikel-artikel ilmiah akan tersedia melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, sementara data lainnya yang dihos di Wikidata akan tetap tersedia melalui titik akhir <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari proses pemisahan Wikidata Graph yang telah dijadwalkan dan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|diumumkan pada bulan September 2024]]. Informasi lebih lanjut [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|tersedia di Wikidata]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Nawala Aplikasi Wikimedia]] triwulan terbaru kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini berisi kabar terbaru, eksperimen, serta berbagai peningkatan yang telah diterapkan pada aplikasi Wikipedia versi seluler. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Nawala Komunitas Teknis]] triwulan terbaru kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini mencakup: undangan bagi para pengelola perkakas untuk menghadiri Sesi Umpan Balik Komunitas Toolforge UI pada 15 April, metrik komunitas terbaru, dan artikel blog teknis terkini. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 April 2025 00.23 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sejak 15 April, [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] telah terintegrasi dengan [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Wikipedia bahasa Dagbani]]. Ini merupakan proyek pertama yang memungkinkan pemanggilan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] untuk diintegrasikan ke dalam artikel. Fungsi adalah proses yang menerima satu atau lebih masukan dan mengubahnya menjadi keluaran tertentu, seperti menjumlahkan dua bilangan, mengonversi mil menjadi meter, menghitung waktu yang telah berlalu sejak suatu peristiwa, atau mengubah bentuk kata sesuai dengan kaidah kasus gramatikal. Dengan Wikifunctions, pengguna dapat melakukan operasi tersebut melalui [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|pemanggilan fungsi global yang stabil]], tanpa bergantung pada templat lokal. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * Jenis galat ''lint'' baru telah dibuat: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|dokumentasi]]). [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Ekstensi Linter]] bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola teks wiki yang perlu atau dapat diperbaiki dalam halaman, serta memberikan panduan mengenai permasalahan pada pola-pola tersebut dan cara memperbaikinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:37}} {{PLURAL:37|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah diterbitkan di HuggingFace, kumpulan data "Structured Contents" yang dikembangkan oleh Wikimedia Enterprise kini [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ juga tersedia di Kaggle]. Inisiatif Beta ini berfokus pada upaya membuat data Wikimedia lebih mudah dibaca mesin bagi para pengguna ulang berskala besar. Versi beta ini dirilis di platform yang telah digunakan oleh komunitas kumpulan data terbuka, dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh umpan balik guna menyempurnakan produk sebelum dirilis secara lebih luas di masa mendatang. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets proyek Structured Contents] secara keseluruhan, serta mengenai [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ rilis pertama yang dapat digunakan secara bebas]. * Tidak ada versi baru MediaWiki pada minggu ini. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Tim Penyuntingan dan Tim Pembelajaran Mesin mengundang para sukarelawan yang berminat untuk menghadiri pertemuan guna mendiskusikan ''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]'', yaitu fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] terbaru yang akan mendeteksi penggunaan bahasa "''peacock''" (berlebihan dalam memuji), "terlalu promosi," atau "tidak netral" saat para penyunting sedang mengetik. Penyunting yang bekerja bersama pengguna baru, membantu memperbaiki tulisan semacam ini, atau memiliki ketertarikan terhadap penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam proyek-proyek kita, diharapkan untuk hadir. Pertemuan akan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|diadakan pada 28 April 2025]] pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18.00–19.00 UTC] dan diselenggarakan melalui Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 April 2025 20.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 28 April 2025 15.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Penyelenggara acara yang mengadakan kegiatan kolaboratif di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|beberapa wiki]], termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Jepang, dan Korea, akan mendapatkan akses ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|ekstensi CampaignEvents]] pada pekan ini. Selain itu, para pengurus di Wikipedia yang telah mengaktifkan ekstensi tersebut akan segera diberikan hak sebagai penyelenggara acara secara otomatis. Mereka tidak perlu lagi memberikan hak tersebut kepada diri sendiri secara manual sebelum dapat mengelola acara sebagaimana [[phab:T386861|diminta oleh komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Peluncuran versi utama berikutnya dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], sistem desain untuk Wikimedia, dijadwalkan pada 29 April 2025. Para penyunting teknis akan memperoleh akses ke versi ini pada pekan yang dimulai 5 Mei 2025. Pembaruan ini mencakup sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|perubahan besar]] (''breaking changes'') serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|perubahan visual]] kecil. Petunjuk mengenai penanganan perubahan tersebut telah didokumentasikan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|halaman ini]]. Pengujian prarilis dilaporkan dalam [[phab:T386298|T386298]], sedangkan masalah pascarilis akan dipantau melalui [[phab:T392379|T392379]] dan [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Pengguna [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] akan melihat bahwa tampilan basis data <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, dan <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> [[phab:T390767|kini telah dinyatakan usang]]. Sebagai gantinya, pengguna dapat menggunakan view baru <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> dan <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> yang mencerminkan tabel-tabel baru dalam basis data produksi. Tampilan yang telah usang tersebut akan dihapus sepenuhnya dari Wiki Replicas pada Juni 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Nawala triwulanan terbaru mengenai Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] kini telah tersedia. Edisi kali ini memuat ringkasan mengenai peningkatan pada [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ perkakas Content Translation Dashboard], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|dukungan untuk bahasa-bahasa baru]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|sorotan dari kampanye Wiki Loves Ramadan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|hasil dari Language Onboarding Experiment]]—analisis keberagaman topik dalam artikel—serta informasi mengenai pertemuan dan acara komunitas yang akan datang. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 29 April pukul 14.30 UTC]. Edisi kali ini akan berfokus pada tema "Memahami dan Menavigasi Konflik dalam Proyek Wikimedia". [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|Pendaftaran]] untuk mengikuti acara ini sudah dibuka. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|Wikimedia Hackathon 2025]], yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis global untuk berjejaring, bertukar ide, dan mengembangkan proyek-proyek yang sudah ada, akan berlangsung pada 2 hingga 4 Mei 2025 di Istanbul, Turki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 28 April 2025 19.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan draf pembaruan terbaru untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|rencana tahunan]] mereka pada tahun mendatang (Juli 2025–Juni 2026). Draf ini mencakup [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|ringkasan eksekutif]] (yang juga tersedia di [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), informasi mengenai tiga [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|tujuan]] utama ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastruktur]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Dukungan Sukarelawan]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Efektivitas]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|tren global]], serta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|anggaran]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|model keuangan]]. Masukan dan pertanyaan sangat diharapkan di [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|halaman pembicaraannya]] hingga akhir Mei. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Untuk wiki yang telah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|mengaktifkan ekstensi CampaignEvents]], dua peningkatan fitur baru telah dirilis: ** Para pengurus kini dapat menentukan ruang nama mana yang diizinkan untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|dokumentasi tersedia]]). Pengaturan bawaan mengizinkan pendaftaran acara di ruang nama Event, tetapi kini ruang nama lain (seperti ruang nama proyek atau ProyekWiki) juga dapat ditambahkan. Dengan perubahan ini, komunitas seperti ProyekWiki kini dapat menggunakan fitur Pendaftaran Acara dengan lebih mudah untuk kegiatan kolaboratif mereka. ** Para penyunting kini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|mentransklusi]] Collaboration List (Daftar Kolaborasi) ke dalam halaman wiki ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|dokumentasi tersedia]]). Collaboration List adalah daftar otomatis yang menampilkan acara dan ProyekWiki di wiki, yang dapat diakses melalui Special:AllEvents ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|contoh tersedia]]). Sekarang, Collaboration List dapat ditambahkan ke berbagai jenis halaman wiki, seperti: halaman utama wiki, halaman ProyekWiki, halaman afiliasi, halaman acara, atau bahkan halaman pengguna. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengembang yang menggunakan pustaka <code dir=ltr>moment</code> dalam gawai dan skrip pengguna disarankan untuk meninjau kembali kode mereka dan beralih ke alternatif seperti pustaka <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> atau pustaka baru <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code>. Pustaka <code dir=ltr>moment</code> telah dinyatakan usang dan akan mulai menampilkan pesan peringatan di konsol pengembang. Anda dapat melihat pencarian global untuk penggunaan yang masih aktif, serta [[phab:T392532|mengajukan pertanyaan terkait melalui tugas di Phabricator]]. * Para pengembang yang memelihara perkakas yang melakukan kueri terhadap tabel penyimpanan istilah Wikidata (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar terhubung ke klaster basis data yang terpisah. Tabel-tabel ini sedang dipindahkan ke klaster basis data tersendiri. Perkakas yang selama ini mengakses tabel-tabel tersebut melalui replika wiki harus disesuaikan agar dapat terhubung ke klaster yang baru. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Dokumentasi dan pranala terkait telah tersedia]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Nawala terbaru Chart Project]] telah tersedia. Nawala ini berisi kabar terbaru mengenai persiapan untuk memperluas penerapan ke wiki tambahan mulai pekan ini (6 Mei) dan skalanya yang akan meningkat dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, serta eksplorasi mengenai penyaringan dan transformasi data sumber. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Méi 2025 00.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 6 Méi 2025 15.07 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pranala [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Dapatkan URL pendek"]] yang ada di bilah samping kini dilengkapi dengan [[phab:T393309|kode QR]]. Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat memindai atau mengunduh kode tersebut untuk membagikan dan mengakses konten dari situs Wikimedia dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation sedang mengembangkan sebuah sistem bernama [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] yang akan memungkinkan [[w:en:A/B testing|pengujian A/B]], membantu melindungi situs dari serangan DDoS, serta mempermudah pemahaman mengenai jumlah pengunjung situs Wikimedia. Tujuan dari sistem ini adalah untuk mendukung pengembangan perkakas bantu yang lebih efisien bagi pembaca, serta mempermudah mereka dalam menemukan informasi yang dicari. Berita Teknis sebelumnya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|telah membahas topik ini]]. Penerapan sistem ini akan dilakukan secara bertahap. Beberapa pengguna mungkin akan melihat kuki Edge Uniques mulai pekan tanggal 19 Mei. Anda dapat mendiskusikan hal ini di [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|halaman pembicaraan]]. * Mulai 19 Mei 2025, penyelenggara acara di wiki yang telah mengaktifkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents| CampaignEvents]] dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] di ruang nama proyek (misalnya ruang nama Wikipedia, ruang nama Wikidata). Dengan perubahan ini, komunitas tidak lagi memerlukan peran pengurus untuk menggunakan fitur tersebut. Namun, wiki yang tidak menginginkan perubahan ini dapat mengatur ulang ruang nama yang diizinkan melalui halaman [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * Proyek {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} kini telah hadir dalam [[d:Q36720|bahasa Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]), sebuah bahasa yang digunakan terutama di wilayah Tengah Utara Nigeria. Para penutur bahasa Nupe diundang untuk berpartisipasi dan memperkaya [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|Wikipedia baru]] tersebut. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para pengembang kini dapat mengakses Wikipedia dalam bahasa Belanda yang telah diurai sebelumnya, bersama dengan versi bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Spanyol, Italia, dan Portugis, melalui [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (versi beta)]. Konten yang tersedia mencakup ringkasan artikel Wikipedia yang telah diurai, deskripsi, gambar utama, kotak info (''infobox''), bagian-bagian artikel, serta referensi. * Antarmuka REST API <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> tidak lagi digunakan dan akan dihentikan. [[phab:T393557|Penghentian layanan ini dijadwalkan]] pada 7 Juni 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration Dukungan terhadap IPv6] kini diperkenalkan melalui jaringan virtual Cloud yang baru, yang secara signifikan meningkatkan skalabilitas, keamanan, dan kesiapan platform Wikimedia untuk masa depan. Bagi kontributor teknis yang ingin mengetahui lebih lanjut, silakan membaca [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ artikel blog ini] untuk penjelasan mendalam mengenai perjalanan menuju IPv6. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Edisi kedua [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] tahun 2025, sebuah platform virtual bagi Wikimediawan Afrika untuk saling terhubung, akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 15 Mei pukul 17.00 UTC]. Edisi kali ini akan berfokus pada diskusi tentang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|perencanaan tahunan dan perkembangan Wikimedia]]. * Pertemuan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], sebuah forum virtual bagi para Wikimediawan di kawasan Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara (MENA) untuk saling terhubung, akan diselenggarakan pada [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 17 Mei pukul 17.00 UTC]. Pendaftaran untuk mengikuti acara ini [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|telah dibuka]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Méi 2025 22.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == Join the 6th Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign – 2025 Edition == Dear Wikipedia community, (''Please help translate to your language'') We invite your community to participate in the 6th edition of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign]], a global campaign taking place from July 1 to August 31, 2025. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable photo from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests ([[:m:Wiki Loves Africa|Wiki Loves Africa]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Earth|Wiki Loves Earth]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments]], etc.) over the years. More than 80 Wikimedia affiliates have participated since the campaign was launched in 2020 and have added images to more than 400,000 Wikipedia articles in over 245 Wikipedia languages. Thanks to the volunteer contributors! We now invite your community to organize and lead the campaign within your community. As a local organizer, you may: *Encourage individual members to take part by adding images to Wikipedia articles. *Host edit-a-thons focused on improving visual content. *Organize training workshops to teach contributors how to correctly integrate images into Wikipedia. These activities will help build local capacity and increase visual content across Wikipedia. Please note that for participants to be eligible to participate in the campaign, they need to have registered an account for at least a year before the official start date of the contest. That is, for the 2025 edition, they must have registered an account on or before July 1, 2025. The account can be from any Wikimedia project wikis. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language Wikipedia. We would be glad for you to [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|sign up directly]] at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. With kind regards, [[User:Reading Beans]] On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025. [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Méi 2025 21.53 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:T Cells@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2025/Call_for_participation_letter/Village_pump&oldid=28751075 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan (Editing) Tim Pembelajaran Mesin (Machine Learning) tengah mengembangkan fitur baru yang ditujukan bagi penyunting baru, yaitu ''[[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]''. Fitur ini menggunakan model prediktif berbasis kecerdasan buatan untuk membantu penyunting meningkatkan nada bahasa dalam suntingan mereka agar lebih netral dan sesuai standar ensiklopedia. Kami mengundang sukarelawan untuk meninjau versi awal model bahasa ini yang tersedia dalam lima bahasa: Arab, Spanyol, Portugis, Inggris, dan Jepang. Pengguna dari wiki dengan bahasa-bahasa tersebut yang berminat memberikan masukan [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|dipersilakan mendaftar melalui MediaWiki.org]]. Pendaftaran dibuka hingga 23 Mei, yang juga menandai dimulainya masa uji coba. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai 20 Mei 2025, para [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|pengawas]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|pemeriksa]] diwajibkan mengamankan akun mereka dengan autentikasi dua faktor (2FA) agar tetap dapat menggunakan hak akses tingkat lanjut mereka. Seluruh pengguna dalam kedua kelompok ini yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA telah menerima pemberitahuan sebelumnya. Ke depannya, persyaratan ini mungkin akan diberlakukan pula bagi pengguna lain yang memiliki hak akses tingkat lanjut. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblokir]] (''Multiblocks'') akan mulai diterapkan secara massal pada akhir bulan ini. Seluruh proyek non-Wikipedia, beserta Wikipedia bahasa Katalan, akan mulai mengadopsi fitur ini pada pekan yang dimulai tanggal 26 Mei. Sementara itu, seluruh Wikipedia lainnya akan mengadopsinya pada pekan yang dimulai tanggal 2 Juni. Silakan hubungi [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|tim pengembang]] jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan atau kekhawatiran terkait penerapan ini. Para pengurus dapat mencoba antarmuka pengguna baru di wiki masing-masing dengan membuka halaman [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], dan dapat menguji seluruh fungsi multiblokir secara lengkap [[testwiki:Special:Block|di testwiki]]. Multiblokir memungkinkan pengurus menetapkan beberapa jenis pemblokiran secara bersamaan terhadap satu pengguna. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|halaman bantuan]] yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Pada akhir pekan ini, tampilan halaman [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]]—yang memuat daftar hampir semua halaman istimewa—akan diperbarui dengan desain baru. Pembaruan ini [[phab:T219543|dirancang]] untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna melalui beberapa fitur, termasuk kemampuan untuk mencari berdasarkan nama dan alias halaman istimewa, penyusunan daftar yang dapat diurutkan, penandaan yang lebih jelas untuk halaman istimewa yang terbatas aksesnya, dan tampilan yang lebih ramah untuk perangkat seluler. Versi baru ini sudah [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages dapat dilihat] di Beta Cluster, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui tugas yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi Chart]] akan diaktifkan di lebih banyak wiki. Untuk mengetahui jadwal lengkap penerapan ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, silakan lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|linimasa penerapannya]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] akan diterapkan pada tanggal 27 Mei di lima Wiktionary: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], dan [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maladewa]]. Ini merupakan gelombang kedua dari rencana penerapan proyek tersebut. Setelah diterapkan, proyek-proyek ini akan dapat memanggil [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|fungsi-fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] dan mengintegrasikannya ke dalam halaman mereka. Sebuah fungsi adalah mekanisme yang menerima satu atau lebih masukan dan mengubahnya menjadi keluaran yang diinginkan, misalnya menjumlahkan dua angka, mengonversi mil ke meter, menghitung waktu yang telah berlalu sejak suatu peristiwa, atau menurunkan kata ke dalam suatu bentuk gramatikal. Wikifunctions memungkinkan pengguna melakukan hal-hal tersebut melalui pemanggilan sederhana terhadap [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|fungsi global yang stabil]], tanpa perlu membuat templat lokal secara terpisah. * Pada akhir pekan ini, Wikimedia Foundation akan merilis sebuah pusat [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|eksperimen]]. Tujuan dari inisiatif ini adalah untuk menampilkan berbagai eksperimen produk serta mengumpulkan masukan dari para pengguna. Eksperimen-eksperimen ini dirancang untuk membantu gerakan Wikimedia [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|memahami perilaku pengguna baru]], cara mereka berinteraksi dengan internet, serta dampak potensialnya terhadap gerakan Wikimedia. Beberapa contoh eksperimen yang akan ditampilkan meliputi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|video hasil generatif]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|permainan ''Wikipedia speedrun'' di Roblox]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|bot untuk platform Discord]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya terdapat sebuah galat saat membuat akun melalui API. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gawai dan skrip pengguna yang berinteraksi dengan halaman [[{{#special:Block}}]] mungkin perlu diperbarui agar dapat berfungsi dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|antarmuka pengelolaan blokir]] yang baru. Silakan tinjau [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|panduan pengembang]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan atau mengalami kesulitan menyesuaikan skrip dengan antarmuka baru, mohon sampaikan hal tersebut kepada tim melalui [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|halaman pembicaraannya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Objek <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> memungkinkan Anda memperoleh informasi tentang halaman wiki tertentu menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Lua. Mulai pekan ini, objek tersebut akan dilengkapi dengan atribut baru bernama <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. Atribut ini memudahkan Anda untuk memeriksa apakah sebuah halaman merupakan halaman disambiguasi, tanpa perlu membuat fungsi khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para pengembang skrip pengguna kini dapat memanfaatkan perkakas [[toolforge:gitlab-content|''reverse proxy'' baru]] untuk memuat berkas JavaScript dan CSS dari [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] menggunakan <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. Pembuat perkakas ini berharap fitur tersebut akan memfasilitasi alur kerja pengembangan kolaboratif bagi skrip pengguna, termasuk pemeriksaan kode (''linting''), pengujian unit, pembuatan kode otomatis, serta tinjauan kode langsung di <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi>, tanpa perlu langkah salin-tempel terpisah untuk menerbitkan skrip ke wiki Wikimedia guna pengujian integrasi dan penerimaan. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan di halaman [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content di Wikitech]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Edisi ke-12 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], forum yang mempertemukan para peneliti untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai sisi proyek Wikimedia, akan diselenggarakan secara virtual pada 21–22 Mei. Pendaftaran bagi para peneliti [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ kini sudah dibuka]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Méi 2025 23.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Diskusi terbuka untuk seluruh komunitas mengenai isu yang sangat sensitif bagi pengembangan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] kini telah dimulai di Meta, yakni mengenai lokasi penyimpanan konten abstrak yang akan dikembangkan melalui fungsi dari Wikifunctions dan data dari Wikidata. Diskusi ini berlangsung hingga 12 Juni di halaman [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], dan setiap pendapat sangat dihargai. Keputusan akan diambil dan diumumkan oleh Wikimedia Foundation setelah masa konsultasi berakhir. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai pekan lalu, di semua wiki selain [[phab:T388604|20 wiki terbesar]], pengguna penyunting visual pada perangkat seluler kini dapat menggunakan sejumlah [[phab:T385851|perkakas tambahan melalui tombol baru]] bertanda <code>+</code> di bilah menu. Perkakas ini mencakup opsi untuk menambahkan referensi, aksara hieroglif, dan blok kode. Fitur ini [[phab:T388605|direncanakan]] akan diterapkan di wiki-wiki lainnya pada bulan Juni. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Fungsi pengurai <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> tidak lagi akan mencatat pranala ke halaman yang menjadi targetnya. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keakuratan halaman [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], yang ke depannya hanya akan menampilkan halaman yang benar-benar menjadi target dari pranala merah. Perubahan ini akan diterapkan secara bertahap seiring diperbaruinya halaman-halaman sumber. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * Pekan ini, tim Moderator Tools akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|sebuah penyaring baru pada fitur Perubahan Terbaru]], dimulai dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia. Penyaring ini dirancang untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi untuk dibatalkan (''reverted''). Tujuannya adalah untuk membantu para penyunting yang memantau Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali suntingan-suntingan yang mungkin bermasalah. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan mendapatkan manfaat dari penyaring ini di masa mendatang. * Saat mengeklik bilah pencarian yang masih kosong, pengguna yang belum masuk log akan melihat saran artikel untuk dibaca lebih lanjut. Fitur ini tersedia di versi desktop dan seluler. Pembaca Wikipedia bahasa Katalan, Ibrani, dan Italia, serta beberapa proyek saudari lainnya, akan mulai menerima pembaruan ini antara 21 Mei hingga pertengahan Juni. Wiki-wiki lainnya akan menyusul kemudian. Tujuan dari fitur ini adalah untuk mendorong pengguna agar lebih banyak membaca konten wiki. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Beberapa pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android kini dapat mencoba fitur baru bagi pembaca, yaitu [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], sebuah permainan trivia harian yang didasarkan pada peristiwa sejarah nyata. Fitur ini dirilis sebagai uji coba A/B dan tersedia bagi 50% pengguna dalam delapan bahasa: Inggris, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Ekstensi Newsletter]] yang tersedia di MediaWiki.org memungkinkan pembuatan [[mw:Special:Newsletters|berbagai nawala]] bagi pengguna global. Kini, ekstensi tersebut mendukung penerbitan edisi baru sebagai [[mw:Special:Newsletters|pranala bagian]] (''section link'') pada halaman yang sudah ada sehingga tidak lagi memerlukan halaman terpisah untuk setiap edisi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tampilan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> yang sebelumnya telah dinyatakan usang di [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] akan dihapus pada awal Juni mendatang. Pengguna disarankan untuk beralih menggunakan tampilan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> dan <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> yang baru sebagai gantinya. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata dan Proyek Saudari]] (''Wikidata and Sister Projects'') merupakan acara daring yang berlangsung selama beberapa hari dengan fokus pada integrasi Wikidata ke dalam Wikipedia dan proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya. Acara ini akan diselenggarakan mulai 29 Mei hingga 1 Juni. [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|Jadwal acara sudah tersedia]] dan [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|pendaftaran]] dapat dilakukan sekarang. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Méi 2025 20.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi Chart]] kini tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Para penyunting dapat menggunakan ekstensi baru ini untuk membuat visualisasi data interaktif, seperti bagan batang, garis, area, dan lingkaran. Fitur ini dirancang untuk menggantikan banyak fungsi dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|ekstensi Graph]] versi lama. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengaturan kutipan otomatis di wiki kini menjadi lebih sederhana melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|pembuat kutipan]] di penyunting visual. Para pengurus wiki dapat menetapkan templat standar dengan menambahkan kunci <code dir=ltr>_default</code> di halaman lokal <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|contoh perubahan]]). Penetapan templat standar ini akan membantu menjaga kompatibilitas konfigurasi yang ada ketika [[phab:T347823|jenis butir baru]] ditambahkan di kemudian hari. Meskipun demikian, templat khusus untuk jenis butir tertentu tetap dapat ditetapkan dan akan diutamakan dibandingkan templat bawaan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan 2 Juni, bot yang menggunakan <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> atau <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> untuk masuk log akan lebih sering mengalami kegagalan. Hal ini merupakan bagian dari penerapan perlindungan yang lebih ketat terhadap upaya masuk yang mencurigakan. Bot yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|kata sandi bot]] (''bot password'') atau metode otentikasi tanpa proses masuk log seperti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] tidak akan terdampak. Jika bot Anda masih menggunakan metode lama tanpa kata sandi bot, sebaiknya segera diperbarui. Penggunaan <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> tanpa kata sandi bot telah tidak disarankan sejak [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|tahun 2016]]. Bagi sebagian besar bot, pembaruan ini cukup dengan mengganti kata sandi yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * Mulai pekan ini, wiki Wikimedia akan mendukung fitur JavaScript ES2017 untuk kode resmi, gawai, dan skrip pengguna. Salah satu fitur paling mencolok dari ES2017 adalah sintaks <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> yang memungkinkan penulisan kode menjadi lebih mudah dibaca. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2016, dan beberapa bulan sebelumnya terbatas pada ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pendaftaran beasiswa untuk mengikuti [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|Konferensi GLAM Wiki 2025]] kini telah dibuka. Konferensi ini akan diselenggarakan pada 30 Oktober hingga 1 November di Lisbon, Portugal. Kontributor GLAM yang tidak memiliki dukungan pendanaan untuk berpartisipasi dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|mengajukan permohonan]] melalui pranala ini. Batas waktu pengajuan beasiswa adalah 7 Juni. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Juni 2025 23.54 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Tim Trust and Safety]] sedang menyelesaikan pekerjaan terakhir untuk meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] di beberapa Wikipedia besar pada akhir bulan ini. Tim ini telah bekerja sama dengan para pengurus dan pengguna lain yang memiliki hak akses tingkat lanjut untuk memperkirakan serta mengantisipasi berbagai skenario penggunaan yang mungkin terjadi di wiki berukuran besar, agar anggota komunitas tetap dapat memoderasi dan memantau akun sementara secara efektif. Ini merupakan tahap kedua dari tiga tahap peluncuran. Tahap terakhir paling cepat akan dilakukan pada bulan September. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai perkembangan terbaru proyek ini, silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|lihat pembaruan ini]]. Jika Anda memiliki komentar atau pertanyaan, silakan tulis di [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|halaman pembicaraannya]], dan [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|ikuti acara CEE Catch Up]] pada hari Selasa ini. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|kedaluwarsa daftar pantauan]] memungkinkan penyunting memantau halaman untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Setelah waktu tersebut berakhir, halaman akan otomatis dihapus dari daftar pantauan. Mulai pekan ini, Anda dapat mengatur preferensi untuk menentukan jangka waktu bawaan dalam memantau halaman. [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|Preferensi]] ini juga memungkinkan Anda menetapkan durasi pantauan yang berbeda untuk penyuntingan halaman yang sudah ada, halaman yang Anda buat, serta saat menggunakan fitur pembatalan suntingan (''rollback''). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Berikut ini adalah tangkapan layar dari peningkatan visual yang diterapkan di halaman pembicaraan|Berikut adalah contoh halaman pembicaraan dengan desain baru dalam bahasa Prancis]] * Tampilan halaman pembicaraan akan mengalami perubahan di hampir semua Wikipedia ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|beberapa]] di antaranya sudah menerima pembaruan desain ini, sementara [[phab:T379264|sebagian lainnya]] akan mendapatkannya dalam waktu dekat). Anda dapat membaca rincian mengenai perubahan ini [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|di Diff]]. Jika Anda tidak ingin menggunakan tampilan baru ini, Anda dapat menonaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|preferensi pengguna]] dengan mematikan opsi "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan tertentu, seperti pengurus, birokrat, pemeriksa, pengawas, dan penatalayan, [[phab:T358853|sekarang dapat secara otomatis melihat]] alamat IP dari seluruh akun sementara selama jangka waktu tertentu. Fitur ini dirancang untuk membantu penanganan vandalisme yang dilakukan dengan cara berpindah-pindah akun secara cepat, dan disediakan berdasarkan permintaan dari para penatalayan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * Pekan ini, Tim Perkakas Moderator dan Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|peluncuran penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke beberapa Wikipedia lainnya. Penyaring ini menggunakan model Revert Risk yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menyoroti suntingan yang berpotensi dibatalkan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengidentifikasi kontribusi yang mungkin bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di Wikipedia berikut: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}. Peluncuran ini akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa minggu mendatang hingga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting AbuseFilter yang aktif di Meta-Wiki dan Wikipedia berukuran besar dimohon untuk memperbarui AbuseFilter agar dapat digunakan dengan akun sementara. Pranala ke petunjuk serta daftar tertutup penyaring yang perlu diperiksa [[phab:T369611|tersedia di Phabricator]]. * Modul Lua kini dapat mengakses nama keluku (''thumbnail'') yang berkaitan dengan suatu halaman, dan di [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 beberapa wiki] juga dapat mengakses informasi penilaian ProyekWiki. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat dua atribut baru pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|objek mw.title]], yaitu <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> dan <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Juni 2025 01.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Anda diundang untuk [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en mencalonkan perkakas favorit] dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren]] edisi keenam. Proses pencalonan bersifat anonim dan berlangsung hingga 25 Juni. Satu survei dapat digunakan beberapa kali untuk mengajukan lebih dari satu perkakas. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Staf Wikimedia Foundation dan sukarelawan teknis menggunakan API Wikimedia untuk membangun berbagai perkakas, aplikasi, fitur, dan integrasi yang meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna. Dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan berfokus pada pengembangan API web (HTTP) Wikimedia guna mendukung kebutuhan sukarelawan teknis sekaligus melindungi infrastruktur Wikimedia dari potensi penyalahgunaan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai rencana pengembangan API ini dapat [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ dibaca dalam tulisan di Techblog]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Juni 2025 23.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pekan ini, Tim Moderator Tools dan Tim Pembelajaran Mesin akan melanjutkan peluncuran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|penyaring baru di halaman Perubahan Terbaru]], dengan merilisnya ke kelompok Wikipedia ketiga sekaligus terakhir. Penyaring ini menggunakan model ''Revert Risk'' yang dikembangkan oleh Tim Riset untuk menandai suntingan yang kemungkinan besar akan dikembalikan, sehingga membantu para pematroli Perubahan Terbaru dalam mengenali kontribusi yang berpotensi bermasalah. Fitur ini akan diluncurkan di {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/id}}. Peluncuran akan terus berlanjut dalam beberapa pekan mendatang untuk mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|seluruh Wikipedia yang termasuk dalam proyek ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] mulai diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Ceko, Korea, dan Turki. Minggu ini dan minggu depan, penerapan akan dilanjutkan ke Wikipedia dengan jumlah pengguna yang lebih besar. Silakan [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|bagikan pendapat Anda]] mengenai proyek ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Akhir pekan ini, Tim Penyuntingan (Editing) akan meluncurkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] ke seluruh Wikipedia (kecuali Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). Fitur ini menampilkan beberapa [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|pemeriksaan referensi]] saat pengguna menyunting, dengan tujuan mendorong mereka untuk menambahkan sumber ketika menambahkan beberapa paragraf baru dalam sebuah artikel. Sebelumnya, fitur ini diuji coba dalam uji A/B. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results Hasilnya menunjukkan] bahwa pengguna yang melihat beberapa pemeriksaan cenderung 1,3 kali lebih mungkin menambahkan referensi dalam suntingannya, dan suntingan mereka lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk dikembalikan (berkurang 34,7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * Beberapa nama halaman perlu diubah karena adanya pembaruan perangkat lunak dan penyesuaian dengan standar Unicode terbaru. Semua perubahan ini berkaitan dengan penulisan huruf kapital pada judul. Sekitar 71 halaman dan 3 berkas akan diubah namanya di 15 wiki; daftar lengkapnya tercantum dalam [[phab:T396903|tugas terkait]]. Para pengembang akan mengganti nama halaman-halaman tersebut pekan depan, dan beberapa menit setelahnya akan memperbaiki pengalihan serta pranala berkas yang tertanam melalui pembaruan pengaturan sistem. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu telah diperbaiki yang sebelumnya menyebabkan halaman menggulir ke atas saat teks di dekat bagian atas dipilih. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Para penyunting kini dapat menggunakan modul Lua untuk menyaring dan mengolah data tabel agar dapat digunakan bersama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Ekstensi:Chart]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan berbagai hal, seperti memilih sebagian baris atau kolom dari data sumber, mengubah satuan, melakukan pengolahan statistik, dan berbagai bentuk pengolahan data lainnya. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Informasi tentang cara menggunakan fitur ini tersedia]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * Variabel <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> dalam [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] kini diganti namanya menjadi <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> agar konsisten dengan variabel lainnya. Penggunaan nama lama masih tetap akan berfungsi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Nawala Growth]] triwulan terbaru telah terbit. Isi pembaruan ini meliputi: peningkatan terbaru pada tugas "Tambahkan Pranala", dua fitur baru untuk mendukung keterlibatan pengguna baru, dan pembaruan pada pengaturan Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2025 23.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] kini telah tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia. Ekstensi ini dirancang untuk mempermudah penyelenggaraan dan keikutsertaan dalam berbagai kegiatan kolaboratif, seperti menyunting bareng (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki, langsung di wiki. Ekstensi ini menawarkan tiga fitur utama: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]], dan [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]]. Untuk mengajukan permintaan aktivasi ekstensi ini di wiki Anda, silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|halaman informasi penyebaran]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pemelihara AbuseFilter kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|data reputasi IP]] dalam penyaringan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]. Data reputasi IP merupakan informasi mengenai proksi dan VPN yang terkait dengan alamat IP pengguna. Data ini tidak ditampilkan secara publik dan tidak dihasilkan untuk tindakan yang dilakukan oleh akun yang telah terdaftar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Konten tersembunyi dalam bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|halaman Wikipedia yang dapat dilipat]] (''collapsible'') sekarang akan terlihat ketika seseorang menggunakan fitur "Temukan di halaman" (Ctrl+F atau ⌘F) di peramban web yang mendukung fitur ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Templat Favorit]] (''Favourite Templates'') akan diluncurkan akhir pekan ini di semua proyek (kecuali Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, yang akan menerima fitur ini minggu depan), setelah melalui tahap uji coba di Wikipedia bahasa Polandia dan Arab, serta Wikisource bahasa Italia dan Inggris. Fitur ini mempermudah kontributor baru maupun berpengalaman dalam menemukan dan menggunakan templat melalui dialog templat, dengan memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan templat ke dalam "daftar favorit" khusus. Fitur ini dapat digunakan baik di penyunting visual maupun penyunting teks wiki. Fitur ini merupakan bagian dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|fokus harapan komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah kekutu telah diperbaiki yang sebelumnya menyebabkan beberapa Notifikasi terkirim lebih dari satu kali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Juni 2025 23.40 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Akun sementara]] telah diterapkan di 18 Wikipedia berukuran besar dan menengah, termasuk Wikipedia dalam bahasa Jerman, Jepang, Prancis, dan Tionghoa. Saat ini, sekitar sepertiga dari seluruh aktivitas pengguna yang tidak masuk log di berbagai wiki berasal dari akun sementara. Para pengguna yang terlibat dalam kegiatan patroli mungkin tertarik untuk melihat dua halaman dokumentasi baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Akses ke Alamat IP]], yang menjelaskan segala hal mengenai akses ke alamat IP akun sementara, serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repositori]], yang memuat daftar gawai dan skrip pengguna terbaru. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Siapa pun dapat mencoba permainan eksperimental baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], yang memungkinkan Anda menjelajahi Wikipedia dengan berpindah dari satu artikel ke artikel lain melalui klik, dengan tujuan mencapai halaman tertentu dalam langkah dan waktu sesingkat mungkin. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi cara-cara baru dalam melibatkan pembaca. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Cobalah permainan ini] dan sampaikan pendapat Anda kepada tim melalui [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|halaman pembicaraan]]. * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dalam beberapa bahasa kini dapat memainkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|permainan trivia]] baru bernama '''Apa yang lebih dulu?''' (''Which came first?''). Ini adalah permainan sejarah sederhana di mana Anda menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu pada tanggal hari ini. Sebelumnya, permainan ini tersedia dalam bentuk uji coba A/B, dan sekarang telah tersedia untuk semua pengguna dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Spanyol, Portugis, Rusia, Arab, Turki, dan Tionghoa. Fitur ini bertujuan untuk menarik minat generasi pembaca yang lebih baru. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS dalam beberapa bahasa mungkin akan melihat fitur penjelajahan dengan tab yang baru, yang memungkinkan membuka beberapa tab saat membaca. Fitur ini mempermudah menjelajahi topik-topik terkait dan berpindah antarartikel. Uji coba A/B fitur ini saat ini sedang berlangsung dalam bahasa Arab, Inggris, dan Jepang di wilayah tertentu. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|halaman proyek Penjelajahan dengan Tab]]. * Birokrat di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat menggunakan halaman [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] untuk memeriksa apakah seorang pengguna telah mengaktifkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua faktor]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur baru [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Pencarian dan Penelusuran Templat]] akan diterapkan di semua proyek Wikimedia pada akhir pekan ini: sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|penjelajah kategori templat]] akan diperkenalkan untuk membantu pengguna menemukan templat yang dapat dimasukkan ke dalam daftar "favorit" mereka. Penjelajah ini memungkinkan pengguna menelusuri daftar templat yang telah dikelompokkan dalam struktur kategori tertentu. Fitur ini merupakan permintaan dari komunitas melalui program [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|Harapan Komunitas]]. * Sekarang pengguna dapat mengakses preferensi daftar pantauan langsung dari halaman daftar pantauan. Selain itu, tombol yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk menyunting daftar pantauan dan dianggap tidak lagi diperlukan telah dihapus. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]], kini tersedia sistem Notifikasi bawaan terpadu yang mempermudah pengembang dalam mengirim, mengelola, dan menyesuaikan notifikasi. Silakan lihat dokumentasi terbaru di halaman [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], informasi tentang proses migrasi di tiket [[phab:T388663|T388663]], dan informasi tentang kait (''hooks'') yang tidak lagi digunakan di tiket [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], konferensi yang didedikasikan untuk Wikidata, kini telah dibuka untuk [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp pengajuan sesi] dan [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|pendaftaran peserta]]. Acara tahun ini akan diselenggarakan secara daring pada 31 Oktober – 2 November, dengan tema "Menghubungkan Orang melalui Data Terbuka Tertaut". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juli 2025 00.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 14 Juli 2025 12.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Templat pilihan]], sebuah fitur baru yang berkaitan dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Pencarian dan Penelusuran Templat]], akan diluncurkan pada pekan ini ke semua proyek Wikimedia. Dengan fitur ini, para penyunting dapat dengan mudah mengakses daftar templat yang kemungkinan besar berguna. Daftar ini akan ditampilkan di bawah tab "pilihan" pada antarmuka pencarian templat. Para pengurus dapat menentukan isi daftar ini melalui antarmuka Konfigurasi Komunitas. Fitur ini merupakan permintaan dari komunitas yang diajukan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|melalui Harapan Komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, permintaan untuk menambahkan huruf Malayalam pada perkakas [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export]] telah dipenuhi, dan sekarang huruf-huruf Malayalam pada buku hasil ekspor dari Wikisource sudah ditampilkan dengan benar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Para pengembang, desainer, dan seluruh kontributor Wikimedia diundang untuk [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ mengajukan ide proyek] untuk Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Baca artikel [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ di blog Diff] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pendaftaran beasiswa dan pengajuan program untuk [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] dibuka hingga 20 Juli pukul 23.59 GMT. WikiIndaba adalah konferensi regional bagi para kontributor Wikimedia dari Afrika, baik yang berada di benua Afrika maupun diaspora, untuk saling terhubung dan berkembang bersama. Segera [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform ajukan permohonan beasiswa] dan [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH usulan program] Anda. * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] akan diselenggarakan pada 19–20 Juli di Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Anggota komunitas Wikimedia di Brasil diimbau untuk mendaftar dan berpartisipasi dalam acara ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Juli 2025 20.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur Saran Terjemahan (''Translation Suggestions'') pada perkakas [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Penerjemahan Konten]] kini memiliki tingkatan penyaring artikel tambahan dalam kategori "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... Lainnya]". Para penerjemah yang menggunakan fitur ini sekarang dapat memilih dan menerima saran artikel yang disesuaikan dengan wilayah yang mereka minati melalui penyaring "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" yang baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Para pengurus kini dapat membatasi fitur "Tambahkan Pranala" hanya untuk pengguna baru. Tugas Terstruktur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Tambahkan Pranala"]] dirancang untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|membantu pengguna akun baru untuk mulai menyunting]], tetapi beberapa komunitas meminta agar fitur ini dibatasi hanya untuk sasaran awalnya, yaitu pengguna baru. Pengurus dapat mengatur pembatasan ini melalui fitur [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Konfigurasi Komunitas]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:29}} {{PLURAL:29|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Bagi penyunting AbuseFilter di [[phab:T392144|beberapa wiki]], kini dimungkinkan untuk memilih suntingan berdasarkan skor RevertRisk dari suntingan yang sedang dicoba. Skor ini hanya tersedia jika tindakan yang dievaluasi adalah sebuah suntingan. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan lihat dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|variabel-variabel ORES/AbuseFilter]]. * Wiki di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Kluster Beta]] (''Beta Cluster'') [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|telah dipindahkan]] dari <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> ke <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Pengguna mungkin perlu memperbarui URL di perkakas yang sedang digunakan atau di pengelola kata sandi mereka. Jika ada masalah mengenai hal ini, silakan [[phab:T289318|laporkan melalui tugas yang tersedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] akan diselenggarakan pada 29–31 Agustus, secara daring dan luring di Bern, Swiss. Tujuan acara ini adalah untuk mempererat kembali hubungan antara komunitas, lembaga, dan individu yang bekerja dengan rujukan terbuka, data kepustakaan, serta ekosistem Wikidata/Wikibase. Pendaftaran sudah dibuka, dan pengumuman pengajuan proposal akan segera diumumkan. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2025 23.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Dalam beberapa bulan ke depan, Tim Teknologi Komunitas (''Community Tech'') akan memusatkan perhatian mereka pada permintaan fitur yang berkaitan dengan Daftar Pantauan dan halaman Perubahan Terbaru. Mereka mengundang masukan dari komunitas. Silakan baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|kabar terbaru]], dan jika Anda memiliki ide, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|ajukanlah permintaan fitur]] yang sesuai dengan topik tersebut. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Komunitas Wikimedia Commons telah memutuskan untuk memblokir [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|unggahan lintas wiki]] ke Wikimedia Commons bagi semua pengguna yang belum memiliki hak terkonfirmasi otomatis di wiki tersebut mulai 16 Agustus. Keputusan ini diambil karena adanya [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|banyak masalah]] yang berhubungan dengan berkas yang diunggah oleh pengguna baru. Pengguna yang terdampak akan menerima pesan galat disertai pranala menuju UploadWizard di Commons yang memiliki pembatasan lebih ringan. Mohon bantu menerjemahkan [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|pesan tersebut]] atau berikan masukan mengenai isi pesannya. Jangan lupa untuk memperbarui halaman bantuan di wiki Anda agar menjelaskan pembatasan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * Di sejumlah wiki yang telah mengaktifkan akun sementara dan di Meta-Wiki, para pengurus kini dapat menambahkan catatan kaki pada halaman Special:Contributions untuk akun sementara. Fungsinya mirip dengan catatan kaki yang dapat ditampilkan pada halaman kontribusi alamat IP maupun akun pengguna. Pengurus dapat menambahkan catatan kaki tersebut dengan membuat halaman bernama <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 6–9 Agustus. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ Program acara sudah diumumkan] sehingga Anda dapat merencanakan sesi mana yang ingin ditonton. Sebagian besar sesi akan disiarkan secara langsung, kecuali yang ditandai dengan ikon "tanpa kamera". Jika Anda ingin bergabung secara daring untuk menonton siaran langsung dan menggunakan fitur interaktif, silakan [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|mendaftar]] untuk mendapatkan tiket virtual gratis. Beberapa sesi teknis yang mungkin menarik bagi Anda, antara lain: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Akun Sementara: Meningkatkan Privasi bagi Penyunting Tak Terdaftar] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Membangun Masa Depan yang Berkelanjutan bagi Kontributor Wikimedia] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ Selusin Gagasan tentang Wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Koordinasi Antarpemangku Kepentingan bersama Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Gugur 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 28–30 Oktober 2025 di Hannover, Jerman. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Anda dapat mengajukan sesi dan mendaftar untuk berpartisipasi dalam acara ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juli 2025 00.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting kini dapat mengaktifkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|Kartu Info Pengguna]] (''User Info Card''). Fitur ini menambahkan sebuah ikon di samping nama pengguna dalam halaman riwayat dan halaman log kontribusi pengguna. Ketika ikon tersebut diklik atau diketuk, informasi tentang akun tersebut akan ditampilkan, seperti jumlah suntingan, jumlah suntingan yang dibatalkan, pemblokiran, dan lainnya. Fitur ini merupakan bagian dari proyek yang lebih luas untuk memudahkan para moderator menilai tingkat kepercayaan suatu akun. Fitur ini dapat diaktifkan melalui [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferensi global Anda]], dan akan tersedia di preferensi lokal dalam beberapa hari ke depan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Silakan sampaikan komentar Anda mengenai proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Kontribusi Kolaboratif]] (''Collaborative Contributions'') yang baru diluncurkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|tim Connection]]. Proyek ini bertujuan menghadirkan cara baru untuk menampilkan dampak dari kegiatan penyuntingan bersama, seperti menyunting bersama (''edit-a-thon''), penyelesaian timbunan tugas, dan ProyekWiki di wiki. Komentar Anda dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|halaman pembicaraan proyeknya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Para pengurus kini dapat menetapkan jangka waktu pemblokiran standar untuk akun sementara. Untuk melakukannya, halaman bernama <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> perlu dibuat terlebih dahulu dan mengisinya dengan salah satu nilai yang tersedia di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. Pengaturan ini memungkinkan pengurus memblokir akun sementara selama 90 hari dengan mudah, yang secara fungsional setara dengan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu. Keuntungan dari pendekatan ini adalah daftar pemblokiran di Special:BlockList tidak menjadi penuh. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|Dokumentasi lebih lanjut]] telah tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sekarang gawai dapat menggunakan berkas <code dir=ltr>.vue</code>, yang mempermudah pengembangan antarmuka modern dengan [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]]. Ini sangat membantu terutama bagi yang ingin memanfaatkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], yaitu sistem desain resmi Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Ikon Codex]] juga bisa dimuat langsung melalui definisi gawainya. Untuk skrip pengguna yang menggunakan Vue.js, tersedia [[mw:API:CodexIcons|modul API]] baru untuk memuat ikon Codex. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|Dokumentasi]] lengkap beserta contoh penggunaan dapat ditemukan di halaman yang tersedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Pengembang modul kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|antarmuka Lua]] untuk mempermudah penyiapan modul Lua agar dapat diterjemahkan di Meta-Wiki. Pembaruan ini memudahkan penerjemah dalam menemukan dan mengedit teks dalam modul tanpa harus berurusan langsung dengan kode Lua mentah, serta membantu mencegah kesalahan yang dapat merusak modul saat diterjemahkan. Pengembang modul dan penerjemah diundang untuk [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|menonton video peraga]], membaca informasi lebih lanjut tentang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|modul yang dapat diterjemahkan]], melihat contoh penggunaan di [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] di Meta-Wiki, dan [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|memberikan masukan]] apakah fitur ini membantu mengatasi tantangan dalam alur kerja mereka. Namun, antarmuka ini masih memiliki beberapa masalah kinerja sehingga belum disarankan untuk digunakan pada modul-modul yang dipakai secara luas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Mulai Agustus, [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] akan diterapkan lebih ketat karena adanya perayap (''crawler'') eksternal yang [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|membebani]] sumber daya Wikimedia secara berlebihan. Para pengembang perkakas eksternal yang mengakses halaman Wikimedia wajib menetapkan ''user-agent'' yang sesuai dengan kebijakan tersebut. Perkakas yang dijalankan di Toolforge atau Cloud VPS Wikimedia untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak, tetapi tetap dianjurkan untuk mengatur ''user-agent'' yang benar. [[phab:T400119|Informasi teknis lebih lanjut telah tersedia]], dan pertanyaan-pertanyaan dapat diajukan melalui tugas yang bersangkutan. * Parsoid Read Views akan mulai diterapkan di beberapa Wikipedia berukuran kecil dalam beberapa minggu ke depan, menyusul keberhasilan transisi Wikivoyage dan Wiktionary ke Parsoid Read Views. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan kunjungi halaman proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] akan berlangsung pada 6–9 Agustus. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ Program acara sudah diumumkan] sehingga Anda dapat merencanakan sesi mana yang ingin ditonton. Sebagian besar sesi akan disiarkan secara langsung, kecuali yang ditandai dengan ikon "tanpa kamera". Jika Anda ingin bergabung secara daring untuk menonton siaran langsung dan menggunakan fitur interaktif, silakan [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|mendaftar]] untuk mendapatkan tiket virtual gratis. Beberapa sesi teknis yang mungkin menarik bagi Anda, antara lain: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Infrastruktur pengetahuan Wikimedia di tengah perubahan internet: Membangun jalur berkelanjutan untuk penggunaan ulang konten] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions akan segera hadir di wiki Anda!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Membentuk Masa Depan Pengalaman Pembaca Wikipedia] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Membuat Wikipedia Lebih Nyaman Dibaca: Langkah Selanjutnya] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 5 Agustus 2025 03.39 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Bilah perkakas WikiEditor kini akan menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|pintasan papan tik]] pada keterangan (''tooltip'') setiap tombolnya. Hal ini membantu pengguna lebih mudah mengetahui dan menggunakan fitur tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan sejumlah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|usulan percobaan]] yang dapat dilakukan oleh Wikimedia Foundation untuk meningkatkan komunikasi dengan komunitas. Masukan terhadap usulan ini dapat disampaikan hingga 22 Agustus di [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Bilah pencarian pada tampilan Minerva (versi seluler) telah diperbarui untuk menggunakan komponen pencarian dengan saran otomatis yang sama seperti yang digunakan pada tampilan Vector 2022. Tidak ada perubahan pada fungsi pencarian. Namun, terdapat sedikit perubahan tampilan. Secara khusus, tombol untuk menutup pencarian kini berubah dari ikon "X" menjadi panah kembali. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk membedakan tombol tersebut dari ikon "X" lainnya yang digunakan untuk menghapus teks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Para penyunting di beberapa wiki akan melihat tombol baru untuk mengaktifkan opsi "Kelompokkan hasil berdasarkan halaman" di halaman daftar pantauan, perubahan terkait, dan perubahan terbaru. Ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|uji coba A/B]] yang dijadwalkan mulai pada 11 Agustus dan akan berlangsung selama 3 hingga 6 minggu di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Mandarin, Ceko, Prancis, Yunani, Portugis, dan Urdu. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah membuat fitur ini lebih mudah ditemukan dapat memengaruhi kemampuan penyunting dalam menemukan suntingan yang mereka cari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kumpulan [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|data Unicode]] lintas wiki telah dipindahkan ke [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] di Wikimedia Commons, sesuai dengan gagasan "Satu sumber data bersama untuk berbagai wiki lokal". Sebagian besar wiki telah diperbarui untuk menggunakan versi yang ada di Commons. Jika memiliki pertanyaan, Anda dapat mengajukannya di [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|halaman pembicaraan]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Kode Lua kini dapat menampilkan lebih dari satu peringatan menggunakan fungsi <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code>. Sebelumnya, peringatan baru akan menggantikan peringatan lama, tetapi sekarang beberapa peringatan dapat ditampilkan sekaligus. Jika Anda mengelola modul Lua yang menggunakan peringatan, disarankan untuk memeriksa kembali apakah modul tersebut masih berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Agustus 2025 23.28 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pada pekan ini, pengguna yang masuk log dan mengaktifkan [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Fitur Beta]] "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Perkakas Diskusi]]" akan dapat mengucapkan "Terima kasih" pada komentar tertentu langsung di halaman pembicaraan, tanpa harus membuka riwayat halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Cari tahu lebih lanjut mengenai fitur ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * Uji A/B yang membandingkan dua versi pranala donasi di desktop telah diluncurkan di testwiki pada 12 Agustus dan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada 14 Agustus, untuk 0,1% pengguna yang tidak masuk log di situs desktop. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama tiga pekan dan berakhir pada 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * Uji A/A untuk mengukur dasar tingkat keterlibatan pembaca telah diluncurkan pada 12 Agustus menggunakan [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. Percobaan ini mengukur persentase pengguna yang kembali mengunjungi wiki setelah kunjungan pertama mereka dalam kurun waktu 14 hari. Tidak ada perubahan tampilan yang diharapkan. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung hingga 31 Agustus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Lima wiki baru telah dirilis: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/id}} dalam [[d:Q34057|bahasa Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/id}} dalam [[d:Q36213|bahasa Madura]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q3450749|bahasa Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/id}} dalam [[d:Q13324|bahasa Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q7598268|bahasa Amazigh Maroko Standar]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:46}} {{PLURAL:46|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Agustus 2025 00.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Para pembuat templat kini dapat menggunakan lebih banyak properti CSS karena pemindai CSS yang digunakan oleh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] telah diperbarui. Contohnya: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>, satuan relatif seperti <code>lh</code>, dan teks yang dapat disesuaikan <code>list-style-type</code>. Perbaikan ini merupakan bagian dari usulan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Daftar Harapan Komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * Pada wiki berukuran besar, jangka waktu bawaan untuk menampilkan suntingan di halaman Special:RecentChanges kini diubah dari 7 hari menjadi 1 hari. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya meningkatkan kinerja dan tidak akan memengaruhi pengalaman pengguna karena volume suntingan di wiki tersebut sangat tinggi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Para pengurus kini dapat membuka halaman [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] melalui daftar halaman [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]]. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan halaman tersebut untuk ditemukan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Video-video yang ada di Wikimedia Commons sebelumnya tidak muncul pada tab Video di Google Penelusuran. Masalah ini telah diteliti dan dilaporkan kepada Google, dan kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/id}} dalam [[d:Q33014|bahasa Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:39}} {{PLURAL:39|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Dua kolom pada tabel [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|basis data recentchanges]] akan dihapus. Kolom <code>rc_new</code> dan <code>rc_type</code> akan digantikan dengan <code>rc_source</code>. Mulai pekan ini, permintaan yang masih menggunakan kolom lama tersebut akan gagal sehingga pengembang perlu beralih ke <code>rc_source</code>. Kolom lama itu sudah dinyatakan usang lebih dari 10 tahun lalu dan seharusnya tidak lagi digunakan. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya meningkatkan kinerja dan kestabilan permintaan pada tabel recentchanges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Nawala triwulanan Bahasa dan Internasionalisasi]] kini sudah tersedia. Edisi ini berisi tentang dukungan bahasa baru di MediaWiki dan translatewiki, dimulainya proyek Pengenalan dan Pengembangan Bahasa untuk mendukung pertumbuhan wiki baru dan kecil, kabar terbaru dari berbagai proyek penelitian, serta informasi lainnya. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa]] berikutnya akan berlangsung pada 29 Agustus [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Pertemuan minggu ini akan membahas pengembang papan ketik Avro dari Wikimedia Bangladesh yang baru-baru ini meraih penghargaan nasional atas kontribusi mereka terhadap papan ketik tersebut, dan topik lainnya. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Agustus 2025 00.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') ingin menyusun daftar templat, istilah khusus, dan kebijakan yang biasanya digunakan dalam ringkasan suntingan ketika ada pelanggaran hak cipta yang dihapus. Daftar ini akan membantu mereka mengetahui jumlah suntingan yang dibatalkan karena masalah hak cipta. Kami mengundang anggota komunitas dari wiki berikut untuk mencantumkan istilah-istilah tersebut di [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], atau berbagi daftarnya kepada [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/id}}{{int:comma-separator/id}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/id}}. Proyek ini berlangsung hingga 9 September 2025. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] kini telah diaktifkan di semua Wikisource. Ekstensi ini akan memudahkan penyelenggaraan dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan kolaborasi, seperti menyunting bersama (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki di proyek-proyek tersebut. Ekstensi ini memiliki tiga fitur utama: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Daftar Kolaborasi]], dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Daftar Undangan]]. Untuk mengajukan permintaan agar ekstensi ini diaktifkan di wiki Anda, silakan kunjungi halaman Deployment information. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * Daftar yang ada di bagian bawah antarmuka penyuntingan, seperti "Templat yang digunakan di halaman ini", kini akan ditata dalam bentuk kolom jika ruangnya mencukupi. Peningkatan ini membantu mengurangi kebutuhan menggulir layar saat menyunting artikel panjang di Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * Pada 3 September 2025, kami akan menaikkan persentase pengambilan sampel dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|uji coba pengelompokan dengan tombol pilihan]] di halaman <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, dan <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> di Wikipedia bahasa Tionghoa, Prancis, dan Portugis menjadi 100 persen sehingga lebih banyak penyunting dapat ikut serta dalam percobaan ini. Penyesuaian ini bertujuan agar tersedia cukup data untuk membuat keputusan yang lebih tepat saat mengevaluasi hasil percobaan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Mulai pekan 22 September, pengguna yang belum masuk log akan melihat saran artikel saat mengklik bilah pencarian kosong di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Fitur ini tersedia di komputer dan ponsel. Wiki yang menggunakan bahasa selain bahasa Inggris telah menerima perubahan ini pada Juni dan Juli. Tujuan fitur ini adalah membantu pengguna lebih mudah dalam menemukan artikel. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:37}} {{PLURAL:37|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Wikifunctions kini memiliki kemampuan baru bernama "tipe enumerasi ringan". Tipe enumerasi merupakan sekumpulan nilai tetap yang ditentukan dalam definisi sebuah tipe. Fitur ini membuat pembuatan tipe semacam itu menjadi lebih cepat dan sederhana, serta memungkinkan penggunaan kembali nilai yang sudah tersedia di Wikidata. Berikut ini adalah [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|nawala]] untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Nawala Pembaca (''Readers'')]] terbaru kini sudah tersedia. Edisi kali ini mencakup pembentukan dua tim baru: Pertumbuhan Pembaca dan Pengalaman Pembaca; wawasan tentang penurunan jumlah tayangan halaman dan pembuatan akun; sorotan dari panel Wikimania Nairobi mengenai peningkatan pengalaman membaca; rencana percobaan untuk melibatkan pembaca baru maupun lama; dan berbagai informasi lainnya. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Sorotan beberapa sesi di Wikimania 2025: ** Mengenali teks yang dibuat oleh AI dengan mencari ISBN yang gagal dalam pemeriksaan ceksum (''checksum''): Mathias Schindler dari WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s berbagi perkakas untuk membantu komunitas dalam melakukan pencarian ini]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ ''La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs'' (Keberlanjutan gerakan Wikimedia menghadapi tantangan saat ini dan di masa depan)]: Sesi ini membahas bagaimana Wikimedia dapat tetap menjadi sumber pengetahuan yang tepercaya di tengah era AI generatif, banjir informasi, dan disinformasi. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Séptémber 2025 20.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Penyuntingan sedang menyiapkan fitur baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]]. Fitur ini akan memberi peringatan kepada pengguna baru ketika mereka menempelkan teks ke Wikipedia bahwa isi tersebut mungkin tidak bisa diterima. Tujuannya adalah membantu memastikan konten baru yang ditambahkan sesuai dengan komitmen gerakan untuk menyediakan informasi berlisensi bebas. Uji coba fitur ini akan segera dilakukan di beberapa wiki. Jika komunitas Anda ingin ikut serta, silakan [[phab:T403680|sampaikan melalui tugas ini]] atau [[mw:Talk:Edit check|hubungi tim terkait]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Dalam pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" dapat memakai [[w:en:Lint (software)|perkakas pemeriksa]] untuk menampilkan kesalahan atau masalah lain dalam teks wiki secara langsung. Silakan kunjungi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|halaman bantuan untuk informasi selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal kelanjutan]] Saat mengakses wiki, misalnya <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>, halaman biasanya muncul dalam dua bentuk: versi desktop atau dialihkan ke versi seluler di domain dengan huruf "m" (seperti <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Dalam tiga pekan ke depan, MediaWiki akan menayangkan versi seluler langsung melalui domain utama tanpa perlu pengalihan. Perubahan ini tidak akan memengaruhi alamat m-dot yang sudah ada atau pilihan untuk tetap menggunakan tampilan desktop. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * Ketika sebuah suntingan mengubah kategori pada sebuah halaman, pembaruan jumlah anggota kategori kini dilakukan secara tidak langsung (asinkron). Cara ini membuat penyimpanan suntingan menjadi lebih cepat, terutama saat banyak halaman dipindahkan ke atau dari kategori yang sama, serta mengurangi risiko gangguan pada situs. Namun, jumlah yang ditampilkan mungkin masih memuat informasi lama selama beberapa menit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Suntingan di Wikidata pada penjelas (atribut dan nilai) maupun referensi (atribut dan nilai) dalam sebuah pernyataan kini tidak lagi muncul di halaman Perubahan Terbaru atau Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain. Perubahan ini hanya sementara untuk memperbaiki kinerja sambil menunggu solusi lain. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tetap tidak berubah. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Wiki-wiki berbahasa Jepang telah mendapatkan peningkatan besar pada cara kerja fitur pencariannya. Pencarian yang baru ini umumnya akan memberikan hasil yang lebih tepat dan lebih relevan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Séptémber 2025 01.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Daftar referensi yang dibuat dengan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> kini akan otomatis ditampilkan dalam bentuk kolom pada tampilan Vector 2022, jika pembaca menggunakan pengaturan "standar" untuk ukuran teks dan lebar halaman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Mulai pekan 6 Oktober, pada [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|wiki kecil]] dan [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|menengah]] yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|ekstensi CampaignEvents]], semua pengguna dengan status terkonfirmasi otomatis dapat menjadi penyelenggara melalui fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]]. Untuk [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|wiki berukuran besar]], perubahan hanya berlaku jika diajukan melalui Phabricator. Langkah ini bertujuan memudahkan lebih banyak orang memakai Pendaftaran Acara, terutama di wiki yang belum memiliki aturan khusus tentang hak Penyelenggara Acara. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Pengguna yang melakukan pencarian dengan ekspresi reguler (regex) kini dapat menggunakan fitur tambahan, antara lain: ** untuk kata kunci <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code>: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metakarakter]] penanda awal baris (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) dan akhir baris (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** untuk kata kunci <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> dan <code dir=ltr>insource:</code>: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|kelas karakter singkat]] untuk angka (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), spasi kosong (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), dan huruf/angka (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); serta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|kode untuk pindah baris]] (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), baris baru (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tabulasi (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), dan Unicode (misalnya <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * Saat Anda mencari teks yang menyerupai alamat IP, sistem sekarang akan menampilkan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, pencarian tersebut langsung mengarahkan ke kontribusi dari alamat IP tersebut, alih-alih menampilkan hasil pencariannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Semua wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya baca]] selama beberapa menit pada 24 September. Jadwal ini direncanakan pada pukul [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan untuk uji coba cadangan pemindahan peladen pusat data yang berlangsung dua kali dalam setahun. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|membaca latar belakang dan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai proses ini di blog Diff]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, ada kekutu perangkat lunak yang membuat masalah saat pengguna memakai tab halaman untuk pindah dari menyunting teks wiki ke penyunting VisualEditor pada sebuah bagian. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang merancang ulang REST API Sandbox Wikimedia dengan Codex. Jika Anda memiliki masukan tentang cara meningkatkan dokumentasi API atau hal-hal yang membuat pengalaman pengembang lebih mudah (atau justru menyulitkan), Anda diundang untuk [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm ikut serta dalam wawancara penjajakan yang akan datang], atau [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|menyampaikan masukan di wiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Penyuntingan alias di Wikidata (nama lain untuk sebuah butir atau properti) kini akan lebih jarang ditampilkan di Perubahan Terbaru dan Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain sehingga mengurangi pemberitahuan yang tidak perlu. Dengan demikian, jumlah entri yang dianggap "berisik" akan berkurang. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tidak mengalami perubahan. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * Versi baru [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] telah dirilis. [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Kumpulan data]] di Wikimedia Commons untuk [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] sudah diperbarui. Wikipedia yang tidak menggunakan kumpulan data dari Commons sebaiknya memperbarui data mereka sendiri atau beralih menggunakan kumpulan data dari Commons. * Pengguna titik akhir [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents kini dapat mengakses [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Tabel Terurai] (''Parsed Tables''). Fitur baru ini mengekstrak dan menyajikan tabel Wikipedia dalam bentuk JSON terstruktur. Hal ini meningkatkan keterbacaan oleh mesin sebagai bagian dari [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ inisiatif Structured Contents]. Hasil dari ''Structured Contents'' tersedia secara gratis melalui [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta API sesuai permintaan], atau melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia. * [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset Sekumpulan data berisi informasi biografi dari Wikipedia bahasa Inggris] yang disediakan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] telah diterbitkan di Kaggle untuk keperluan evaluasi dan penelitian. Data terstruktur ini mencakup lebih dari 1,5 juta biografi, termasuk tanggal lahir dan meninggal, riwayat pendidikan, afiliasi, karier, penghargaan, dan lain-lain (berdasarkan cuplikan data bulan Juni 2024). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Pendaftaran beasiswa]] Wikimania 2026 di Paris, Prancis, telah dibuka hingga 31 Oktober. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Séptémber 2025 17.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 Pada 24 September pukul 15.00 UTC], semua pengguna situs Wikimedia akan mengalami jeda singkat, di mana situs hanya dapat dibaca karena adanya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|pengalihan peladen pusat data]] yang terjadwal. Tim Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) dari Wikimedia Foundation akan mengalihkan seluruh lalu lintas dari peladen utama ke peladen cadangan. Anda dapat mendengarkan proses pengalihan ini melalui perkakas [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"], di mana selama beberapa menit suntingan akan berhenti saat fase hanya-baca, lalu akan kembali berlanjut. Pengalihan pusat data yang dilakukan dua kali setahun ini bertujuan menjaga keandalan dengan menguji pusat data cadangan, sehingga situs tetap dapat diakses meskipun pusat data utama mengalami gangguan. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai proses ini dapat [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|dibaca di blog Diff]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para penyunting di [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 Wiktionary lainnya]] akan segera dapat memanggil [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|berbagai fungsi dari Wikifunctions]] dan menggunakannya di halaman mereka. Fungsi ini bekerja dengan menerima satu atau beberapa masukan lalu mengubahnya menjadi keluaran yang diinginkan, misalnya menjumlahkan angka, mengonversi mil ke meter, menghitung selisih waktu, atau mengubah kata sesuai bentuk kasusnya. Fitur tersebut merupakan kelanjutan dari [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary bahasa lain]] yang sudah lebih dulu memiliki akses terhadap pemanggilan Wikifunctions secara langsung. Pada akhir tahun ini, akses tersebut juga akan diperluas ke lebih banyak Wiktionary dan ke Incubator. * Sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|fungsi pengurai]] baru telah ditambahkan: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Penyunting templat dan pengurus dapat menggunakannya untuk menampilkan nama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|model konten]] sebuah halaman, baik dalam bentuk yang sudah diterjemahkan maupun dalam nama bakunya. Fungsi ini mempermudah pembuatan dan penyuntingan pesan sistem, seperti ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', bahkan ketika jenis halaman berganti, misalnya antarhalaman wiki, JavaScript, CSS, atau JSON. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Menambah atau menyunting <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> dalam sebuah artikel dengan menggunakan VisualEditor kini tidak lagi bermasalah. Penyunting yang menggunakan mode VisualEditor untuk mengubah <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> tidak akan melihat teks "DISPLAYTITLE" secara langsung, atau padanan katanya dalam bahasa lokal, yang ditambahkan ke artikelnya. Daftar halaman yang kemungkinan terdampak dan mungkin perlu diperbaiki telah didokumentasikan di [[phab:P83438|tiket ini]]. * Pengguna beta aplikasi Wikipedia di Android sekarang bisa mencoba tampilan baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|tab Aktivitas]], yang menggantikan tab Suntingan. Melalui tab ini, pengguna dapat melihat ringkasan pribadi seputar kegiatan membaca, menyunting, dan berdonasi, dengan navigasi yang lebih sederhana dan pengalaman aplikasi yang lebih menyenangkan. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:12}} {{PLURAL:12|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Pengguna Wikifunctions kini dapat mengimpor berbagai data penting dari Wikidata, seperti nilai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|koordinat geografis]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|besaran]], dan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|waktu]]. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat penambahan jenis data khusus di Wikifunctions untuk nilai-nilai tersebut, sehingga dapat digunakan oleh fungsi-fungsi di dalam Wikifunctions. Untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut cara kerjanya, Anda dapat menonton [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|video penjelasan]] serta membaca nawala Wikifunctions [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|1 Agustus]] (tentang besaran) dan [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|22 Agustus]] (tentang koordinat geografis). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 Séptémber 2025 22.54 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[phab:|Phabricator]] baru saja mendapatkan pembaruan besar. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kinerja, tampilan pencarian yang lebih segar, pencarian tugas di Maniphest yang lebih baik, pembaruan pada profil pengguna dan papan kerja proyek, fitur otomatisasi Herald yang diperluas, serta perbaikan umum pada kolom masukan teks, pengalaman di perangkat seluler, dan berbagai peningkatan lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Teknologi Komunitas (''Community Tech'') akan merilis ekstensi baru Community Wishlist pada 1 Oktober, yang akan meningkatkan cara pengajuan usulan. Ekstensi baru ini memungkinkan pengguna menambahkan tag atau penanda pada usulan mereka agar lebih mudah dikategorikan, dan (pada pengembangan berikutnya) dapat disaring berdasarkan status, tag, serta bidang fokus. Pengguna juga akan kembali dapat mendukung usulan tertentu, seperti yang telah banyak diminta komunitas. Sistem lama akan dihentikan. Akan ada jeda singkat saat ekstensi ini dipasang dan usulan dipindahkan ke sistem baru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dibaca pada [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|kabar terbaru]] atau melalui [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|dokumentasi yang tersedia di MediaWiki]]. * Sebagaimana diumumkan di [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|blog Diff]], uji coba layanan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] untuk deteksi bot kini telah dimulai. Dalam uji coba ini, hCaptcha digunakan untuk melindungi proses pembuatan akun di Wikipedia bahasa Tionghoa, Persia, Portugis, Indonesia, Jepang, dan Turki, menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] lama (FancyCaptcha). Uji coba ini bertujuan meningkatkan efektivitas pemblokiran bot sekaligus memberikan pengalaman yang lebih mudah diakses dan ramah bagi pengguna yang harus menyelesaikan tantangan CAPTCHA. * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] telah diterapkan di Wikimedia Commons. Ekstensi ini memudahkan penyelenggaraan dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan kolaboratif, seperti maraton menyunting (''edit-a-thon'') dan ProyekWiki di berbagai wiki. Di Commons, setiap pengguna terdaftar dapat menggunakannya sebagai peserta acara. Namun, untuk berperan sebagai penyelenggara, seseorang perlu memiliki [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|hak sebagai penyelenggara acara]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], fitur baru untuk menggunakan ulang referensi dengan detail yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. Fitur ini dapat [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|diuji di testwiki]] dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Silakan bagikan pendapat Anda mengenai [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|penggunaan templat dalam subreferensi]] atau [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|bergabung menjadi wiki uji coba]]. * Di wiki yang menggunakan sistem [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]], komunitas kini dapat mengecualikan penyunting berpengalaman dari program Mentorship melalui [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Dalam pengaturan ini, komunitas dapat menentukan batasan berdasarkan jumlah suntingan dan usia akun untuk menetapkan kapan seorang penyunting dianggap cukup berpengalaman sehingga tidak lagi menerima pendampingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * Tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') dan tim Pembelajaran Mesin (''Machine Learning'') sedang mengembangkan pemeriksaan baru untuk penyunting baru: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Pemeriksa Nada Bahasa]]. Dengan menggunakan model prediksi berbasis kecerdasan buatan, pemeriksaan ini akan mendorong penyunting memperbaiki nada tulisan mereka. Kami mengundang sukarelawan untuk meninjau versi pertama dari model bahasa nada bahasa dalam bahasa-bahasa berikut: Arab, Ceko, Jerman, Ibrani, Indonesia, Belanda, Polandia, Rusia, Turki, Tionghoa, Persia, Italia, Norwegia, Rumania, dan Latvia. Pengguna dari wiki-wiki tersebut yang berminat meninjau model ini dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|mendaftar di MediaWiki.org]]. Batas waktu pendaftaran adalah 3 Oktober, yang juga menjadi tanggal dimulainya uji coba. * Penerapan [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|pemblokiran simultan]] (''multiblocks'') menyebabkan efek samping, di mana log pemblokiran yang sudah tidak aktif mungkin muncul di {{#special:Contributions}} serta di halaman pengguna dan halaman diskusi pengguna yang diblokir. Masalah ini diperkirakan akan selesai sepenuhnya dalam beberapa hari ke depan. Sebagai bagian dari perbaikan, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} pesan dengan awalan <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] akan dihapus dan diganti dengan [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} pesan berawalan <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] dalam beberapa pekan ke depan. Mohon bantuannya untuk menerjemahkan pesan-pesan baru ini dan memperbarui pengaturan lokal jika diperlukan. * Telah ditemukan kekutu pada pranala yang dibuat menggunakan penyunting visual jika mengandung karakter seperti <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> setelah penunjuk bagian (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). Pranala tersebut tidak dikodekan dengan benar sehingga menghasilkan pranala yang salah. Masalah ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * Sebuah wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/id}} dalam [[d:Q9237|bahasa Melayu]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|Kartu Info Pengguna]] kini menampilkan pemblokiran atau penguncian global yang sedang aktif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada akhir pekan ini, penyunting yang memakai modul Lua akan dapat menggunakan fungsi <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> untuk memeriksa keberadaan hingga 25 halaman sekaligus, tanpa menambah beban [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|fungsi yang memakan sumber daya]] (''expensive function'') lebih dari sekali. * Sebuah [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] (''Unsupported Tools Working Group'') baru telah dibentuk sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk menentukan prioritas pekerjaan teknis secara kolektif, mirip dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk & Teknologi]] (PTAC). Kelompok kerja ini akan membantu memprioritaskan dan meninjau permintaan dukungan untuk ekstensi, gawai, bot, dan perkakas yang tidak lagi dipelihara. Pada siklus pertama, kelompok ini akan memprioritaskan sebuah perkakas Wikimedia Commons yang tidak didukung. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Séptémber 2025 20.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Pemeriksa Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') merupakan fitur baru dalam Pemeriksa Suntingan yang membantu mencegah dan menanggulangi pelanggaran hak cipta. Saat penyunting menempelkan teks ke dalam artikel, Pemeriksa Tempel akan meminta mereka untuk mengonfirmasi sumber dan lisensi dari isi tersebut. Mulai Rabu, 8 Oktober, [[phab:T403680|sebanyak 22 wiki akan menguji fitur ini]]. Pemeriksa Tempel akan membantu para sukarelawan baru memahami serta mengikuti kebijakan dan pedoman yang diperlukan untuk memberikan kontribusi yang bermanfaat bagi proyek-proyek Wikipedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Perangkat seluler kini akan menerima artikel versi seluler langsung melalui domain standar (misalnya <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), tanpa pengalihan ke domain "m" (seperti <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Perubahan ini meningkatkan kinerja akses. Pada pekan ini, fitur tersebut akan diaktifkan di seluruh Wikipedia. Alamat URL seluler yang sudah ada dan opsi "Tampilan desktop" tetap tersedia. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|Penyaring tanggal]] baru, yaitu <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> dan <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, kini tersedia di mesin pencari wiki. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyaring hasil pencarian berdasarkan tanggal suntingan pertama atau terakhir suatu halaman. Penyaring ini mendukung operator perbandingan (misalnya <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) dan tanggal relatif (misalnya <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>) sehingga memudahkan pengguna menemukan konten yang baru diperbarui atau halaman dalam rentang waktu tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] kini mendukung teks berformat (''rich text'') dalam pemanggilan tertanam di 150 wiki tempat fitur ini telah diaktifkan. Untuk menunjukkan kemampuannya, tim membuat [[f:Z26333|tabel deklinasi Latin]] yang dapat digunakan oleh para penyunting Wiktionary untuk secara otomatis menghasilkan bentuk kata benda dengan hasil yang jelas dan terformat; lihat [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|contoh hasilnya]]. Jika memerlukan bantuan atau ingin memberikan masukan, silakan hubungi [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|Tim Wikifunctions]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * Pranala sunting kini akan muncul di dalam kotak kategori pada halaman artikel bagi pengguna yang masuk log. Pranala ini akan langsung membuka dialog kategori di VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pekan lalu sempat terjadi masalah saat mengunduh berkas PDF, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kolom <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> pada tabel basis data ''revision'' akan dihapus dan digantikan dengan kolom <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> pada tabel basis data ''content''. Lihat [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ pengumumannya] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Pengalaman Pembaca]] (''Reader Experience'') akan menerapkan antarmuka Mode Gelap di seluruh situs Wikimedia mulai 29 Oktober 2025. Nantinya, semua pengguna anonim dapat memilih tampilan dengan teks terang di atas latar belakang gelap. Fitur ini dibuat untuk memberikan pengalaman membaca yang lebih nyaman, terutama saat berada di lingkungan dengan pencahayaan redup. Pembuat templat dan kontributor teknis diimbau [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|mempelajari cara menyesuaikan halaman agar mendukung Mode Gelap]] serta memperbaiki masalah kesesuaian pada templat di wiki masing-masing sebelum fitur ini diaktifkan. Untuk pertanyaan atau bantuan, silakan menghubungi Tim Web melalui [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|halaman pembicaraan]] sebelum peluncuran. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Mulai Senin, 6 Oktober, titik akhir API di bawah jalur <code>rest.php</code> akan dialihkan melalui ''API Gateway'' internal yang baru. Pembaruan akan dilakukan secara bertahap pada setiap wiki sesuai dengan kelompok rilis standar, dan peningkatan lalu lintas akan dilakukan secara bertahap pula. Perubahan ini diperkirakan tidak akan menimbulkan gangguan atau ketidakcocokan. Jika ditemukan masalah, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator ke [[phab:tag/serviceops/|papan proyek tim Operasi Layanan (''Service Ops'')]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Oktober 2025 17.22 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pada pekan lalu, sistem keamanan akun dan fitur autentikasi dua langkah (2FA) telah diperbarui di seluruh wiki. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan tampilan pada halaman [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], dukungan untuk lebih dari satu metode 2FA melalui aplikasi autentikator dan kunci keamanan portabel (sebelumnya hanya satu metode yang bisa digunakan), serta penambahan modul ''Recovery Codes'' yang membantu mencegah akun terkunci saat pengguna kehilangan aplikasi atau perangkat autentikasi dua langkahnya. Sebagai bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|keamanan akun]], pengembangan akan terus berlanjut hingga akhir tahun 2025 untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna dan menambahkan dukungan ''passkey'' sebagai faktor kedua alternatif. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Bagian lain dari proyek keamanan akun adalah menyediakan fitur autentikasi dua langkah (2FA) untuk semua pengguna. Selain penyunting dengan hak istimewa lanjutan, seperti pengurus dan birokrat, kini 40% penyunting sudah dapat mengakses fitur 2FA. Anda dapat memeriksa apakah Anda memiliki akses melalui halaman [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Petunjuk untuk mengaktifkannya tersedia di halaman tersebut. Rencananya, ketersediaan fitur ini akan terus diperluas apabila dinilai bahwa dukungan bagi pengguna sudah memadai untuk penerapan secara global. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * Minggu ini, pengguna di wiki yang telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Peningkatan Kemudahan Penggunaan]] halaman pembicaraan sebagai pengaturan standar (kecuali 12 wiki yang tercantum di [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) akan mendapatkan fitur baru untuk memberikan ucapan terima kasih langsung pada komentar di halaman pembicaraan. Sebelumnya, pengguna hanya dapat memberikan ucapan terima kasih melalui riwayat suntingan halaman pembicaraan. Anda dapat [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang perubahan ini]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Pengguna yang belum [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|memverifikasi alamat surel]] akan segera menerima pengingat setiap bulan untuk melakukannya. Verifikasi surel merupakan hal penting karena memudahkan proses pemulihan akun. Pengingat ini tidak akan dikirim kepada pengguna yang tidak aktif atau yang telah menghapus alamat surel yang belum diverifikasi dari akunnya. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, perbaikan telah dilakukan terhadap kesalahan yang kadang terjadi saat menyimpan paragraf terjemahan di perkakas Terjemahan Konten (''Content Translation''), dan pesan kesalahan yang terkait kini ditampilkan dengan lebih jelas. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung telah memilih [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] sebagai perkakas pertama untuk siklus percobaannya. Dalam beberapa bulan mendatang, kelompok ini akan meninjau cara untuk meningkatkan dan menjaga keberlanjutan perkakas tersebut. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Oktober 2025 18.58 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyimpanan data pengguna dalam basis data, preferensi yang tersimpan dari pengguna yang tidak masuk log selama lebih dari lima tahun dan memiliki kurang dari 100 suntingan akan dihapus. Saat pengguna tersebut kembali, pengaturan standar akan diberlakukan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pranala yang rusak dari pesan antarmuka GlobalContributions menuju halaman XTools GlobalContributions telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Proses pengalihan seluruh lalu lintas ke titik akhir API di bawah jalur <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> melalui gerbang API umum telah selesai. Jika ditemukan masalah, harap ajukan tiket Phabricator ke [[phab:tag/serviceops/|papan tim Operasi Layanan]]. * Suntingan pada referensi atau penjelas di Wikidata kini akan lebih jarang ditampilkan dalam entri Perubahan Terbaru dan Daftar Pantauan di wiki lain, guna mengurangi notifikasi yang tidak perlu. Hal ini akan mengurangi jumlah entri yang dianggap mengganggu. Halaman di Wikidata sendiri tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 Oktober 2025 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS sedang menguji fitur baru bernama "Tab yang Lebih Dinamis" untuk beberapa wilayah dan bahasa tertentu. Uji coba ini merupakan bagian dari pengembangan tampilan tab yang lebih interaktif, dan mencakup rekomendasi artikel seperti "Tahukah Anda" dan "Karena Anda Membaca". Informasi lebih lanjut [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|tersedia di halaman proyeknya]]. * Pengguna terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') di wiki [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|berukuran kecil]] dan [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|menengah]] yang menggunakan ekstensi CampaignEvents kini dapat menggunakan fitur [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Pendaftaran Acara]] tanpa perlu memiliki hak sebagai Penyelenggara Acara (''Event Organizer''). Fitur ini memungkinkan penyelenggara untuk mengaktifkan pendaftaran, mengelola peserta, dan memudahkan pengguna untuk mendaftar hanya dengan satu klik, tanpa perlu menandatangani halaman acara secara manual. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah warna yang berkedip saat menahan atau menekan tombol panah dalam pengaturan mode gelap pada tampilan Vector 2022 telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Ekstensi CampaignEvents akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki yang tersisa pada pekan 17 November 2025. Saat ini, ekstensi tersebut mencakup tiga fitur utama: Pendaftaran Acara, Daftar Kolaborasi, dan Daftar Undangan. Dalam peluncuran kali ini, fitur Daftar Undangan tidak akan diaktifkan di Wikifunctions dan MediaWiki, kecuali jika diminta langsung oleh komunitas masing-masing. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|kunjungi halaman peluncurannya]]. * Pengalaman bak pasir REST berbasis SwaggerUI kini telah tersedia di semua proyek wiki. Fitur ini dapat diakses melalui halaman [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]]. Jika Anda menemukan masalah, silakan laporkan ke papan tim MediaWiki Interfaces, atau bergabung dalam diskusi di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|halaman peluncuran proyek]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Titik akhir ''transform'' pada REST API MediaWiki yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir jalur URL (''trailing slash'') kini telah dinyatakan usang. Meskipun masih dapat digunakan untuk sementara waktu, fitur ini direncanakan akan dihentikan sepenuhnya pada akhir Januari 2026. Pengguna API yang masih menggunakan versi dengan garis miring di akhir disarankan untuk segera beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring. Kedua versi titik akhir itu dapat ditemukan dan diuji melalui halaman [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai kebijakan penghentian API dan langkah-langkah yang berlaku, silakan kunjungi halaman [[mw:API/Deprecation|Penghentian REST API MediaWiki]]. * Kini tersedia [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|halaman log perubahan khusus untuk REST API MediaWiki]]. Halaman ini merangkum berbagai pembaruan yang dilakukan sehingga memudahkan pengembang untuk mengikuti perkembangan fitur dan perbaikan yang diterapkan. Pengumuman pembaruan tetap akan disampaikan melalui saluran komunikasi resmi seperti Berita Teknis dan milis. Namun, informasi tersebut juga dapat diakses dengan lebih praktis melalui satu halaman pusat. Jika Anda memiliki masukan mengenai gaya penulisan, struktur, atau isi log perubahan ini, silakan [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|bergabung dalam diskusi]] yang tersedia. * Para pengurus kini dapat menghapus kategori pelacak yang sebelumnya ditambahkan oleh ekstensi JsonConfig karena kategori tersebut sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Daftar kategori terkait dapat dilihat melalui pranala ke [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. Jika masih ada halaman yang tercantum dalam kategori tersebut, tidak masalah. Hal itu merupakan akibat dari sistem tembolok, dan daftar tersebut akan diperbarui secara otomatis saat setiap halaman disunting kembali. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Oktober 2025 19.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Para pengurus kini akan menemukan bahwa halaman [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] menjadi jauh lebih fleksibel dalam proses penggabungan. Sekarang, pengurus dapat menggabungkan bagian tertentu dari tengah riwayat halaman sumber (bukan hanya dari awal), dan dapat menempatkan revisi tersebut di bagian mana pun dalam riwayat halaman tujuan (bukan hanya di awal). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * Bagi pengguna yang mengaktifkan "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" di [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|preferensi mereka]], memulai topik baru atau menambahkan balasan ke topik yang sudah ada kini akan otomatis membuat mereka berlangganan balasan pada topik tersebut. Sebelumnya, hal ini hanya terjadi jika pengguna memakai fitur "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" atau "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" dari fitur DiscussionTools. Ketika DiscussionTools pertama kali diluncurkan, akun yang sudah ada sebelumnya tidak otomatis diikutsertakan dalam langganan topik otomatis, sehingga perubahan ini terutama akan berpengaruh pada akun-akun baru dan pengguna yang sejak saat itu secara sengaja mengubah pengaturannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Modul Scribunto kini dapat digunakan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|membuat gambar berformat SVG]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pembuatan bagan, grafik, dan visualisasi lainnya secara dinamis melalui bahasa Lua, sehingga tidak perlu lagi membuatnya di luar wiki dan mengunggahnya sebagai berkas terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Situs-situs Wikimedia kini menyediakan pilihan bagi semua pengguna anonim untuk mengaktifkan mode gelap, yang menampilkan teks berwarna terang di atas latar belakang gelap. Peningkatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengalaman membaca yang lebih nyaman, terutama di lingkungan dengan pencahayaan redup. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Pengguna dengan daftar pantauan yang sangat besar selama ini sering mengalami kegagalan saat mengakses halaman [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. Kini, halaman tersebut memuat entri dalam bagian-bagian kecil secara bertahap berkat pembaruan sistem pemuatan halaman, sehingga semua pengguna dapat menyunting daftar pantauannya dengan lebih lancar. Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan basis data, fitur pengurutan berdasarkan masa kedaluwarsa akan dihapus karena prosesnya lebih dari 100 kali lebih lambat dibandingkan pengurutan berdasarkan judul. Sebuah [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 usulan komunitas] telah dibuat untuk mencari cara alternatif mengembalikan fitur pengurutan berdasarkan masa kedaluwarsa. Jika fitur ini penting bagi Anda, silakan dukung usulan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:31}} {{PLURAL:31|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, perbaikan terhadap masalah penyorotan yang tetap muncul saat menggunakan fitur pencarian dan penggantian di VisualEditor selama pencarian berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sejak tahun 2019, layanan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Pemendek URL Wikimedia]] di https://w.wiki tersedia untuk semua wiki Wikimedia guna membuat pranala pendek ke artikel, pranala permanen, perbedaan revisi, dan sebagainya. Fitur ini dapat diakses melalui bilah sisi dengan nama "Dapatkan URL pendek". Ada sekitar 30 wiki yang masih menggunakan ekstensi lama bernama "ShortUrl", dan ekstensi tersebut akan segera dihapus. Artinya, URL dengan format <code>/s/</code> tidak lagi akan ditampilkan di bawah judul artikel melalui elemen HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. Namun, pranala <code>/s/</code> yang sudah ada akan tetap berfungsi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * Pada Kamis, 30 Oktober, tim [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|Antarmuka MediaWiki]] dan tim [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Operasi Layanan SRE]] mulai mengalihkan lalu lintas ''Action API'' melalui gerbang API bersama. Setiap wiki akan diperbarui secara bertahap sesuai dengan kelompok rilis standar, dan volume lalu lintas akan ditingkatkan sedikit demi sedikit. Perubahan ini diperkirakan tidak akan menyebabkan gangguan atau kerusakan fungsi. Jika ditemukan masalah, harap buat tiket di Phabricator pada papan tim [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops]. * Penerapan pembaruan ''MediaWiki Train'' akan dihentikan sementara selama dua pekan terakhir 2025, yaitu pada 22 dan 29 Desember. Periode ''backport'' juga akan dihentikan sementara mulai Senin, 22 Desember 2025, hingga Kamis, 2 Januari 2026. Periode ''backport'' adalah waktu yang dijadwalkan untuk menambahkan pembaruan seperti perbaikan kekutu dan perubahan konfigurasi. Masih terdapat tujuh jadwal penerapan yang tersisa untuk tahun 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Pada tahun 2025, Wikimedia Foundation melaporkan bahwa sistem kecerdasan buatan (AI) dan mesin pencari semakin banyak menggunakan konten Wikipedia tanpa mengarahkan pengguna untuk mengunjungi situsnya. Hal ini berkontribusi pada penurunan 8% jumlah penayangan halaman oleh pengguna manusia dibandingkan tahun 2024. Setelah mendeteksi keberadaan bot yang menyamar sebagai pengguna manusia, Wikimedia memperbarui data lalu lintasnya untuk mencerminkan perubahan tersebut. Baca lebih lanjut tentang tren penggunaan terkini di Wikipedia melalui [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|artikel di blog Diff]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Nopémber 2025 19.33 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Tangkapan layar peningkatan tampilan yang diterapkan pada halaman pembicaraan|Contoh halaman pembicaraan dengan desain baru, dalam bahasa Prancis.]] * Mulai 12 November, pengguna akan melihat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|perubahan tampilan pada halaman pembicaraan]] di [[Phab:T379264|beberapa Wikipedia]]. Hampir [[phab:T392121|semua wiki]] telah menerima pembaruan desain ini. [[phab:T409297|Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]] akan mendapatkannya nanti. Informasi selengkapnya dapat dibaca [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|di situs Diff]]. Pengguna dapat menonaktifkan perubahan ini melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|preferensi pengguna]] di bagian "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki kini dapat menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|penanda (indikator) halaman]] secara otomatis ketika suatu halaman dilindungi. Fitur ini dinonaktifkan secara bawaan, tetapi dapat diaktifkan atas [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|permintaan komunitas]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Tombol "{{int:showpreview}}" dan "{{int:showdiff}}" pada penyunting teks wiki kini dapat mempertahankan beberapa parameter URL seperti "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]", "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]", dan "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]". Pembaruan ini juga memperbaiki masalah yang sebelumnya menyebabkan seluruh isi halaman dapat tertimpa oleh satu bagian saja apabila peramban mengalami gangguan saat pengguna meninjau pratayang suntingan pada bagian tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wiki Wikivoyage kini dapat menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|penanda peta berwarna dalam teks artikel]]. Teks pada penanda tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan dalam warna hitam atau putih yang kontras, bukan selalu berwarna putih. Solusi lokal yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah ini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * Tab Aktivitas di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android kini tersedia bagi semua pengguna. Tab baru ini menampilkan wawasan yang dipersonalisasi tentang aktivitas membaca, menyunting, dan berdonasi, sekaligus memudahkan navigasi serta membuat penggunaan aplikasi menjadi lebih menarik. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca (''Reader Growth'') meluncurkan percobaan bernama "Penjelajahan gambar" untuk menguji cara memudahkan pembaca menelusuri dan menemukan gambar dalam artikel Wikipedia. Percobaan ini merupakan uji A/B yang hanya tersedia di perangkat seluler. Uji coba akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada pekan 17 November dan berlangsung selama empat minggu, dengan mencakup 0,05% pengguna di wiki tersebut. Uji coba ini telah dimulai pada 3 November di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tionghoa, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam, dengan mencakup hingga 10% pengguna di setiap wiki tersebut. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan akun tidak dapat dikunci melalui situs seluler kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Pencalonan anggota baru]] [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|komite standar Toolforge]] kini dibuka di Wikitech. Komite ini mengawasi [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|kebijakan hak untuk mencabangkan Toolforge]] dan [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|kebijakan perkakas yang telantar]], serta sejumlah tugas lainnya. Masa pencalonan akan dibuka hingga 28 November 2025. * [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|Kolom penerbit JWT]] dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|token akses OAuth 2]] untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|wiki SUL]] telah diubah menjadi <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Token akses lama tetap dapat digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|Kolom subjek JWT]] dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|token akses OAuth 2]] akan segera diubah dari <code><user id></code> menjadi <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, di mana <code><identity type></code> biasanya berupa <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|wiki SUL]]) atau <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (untuk wiki lainnya). Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk menghindari benturan antara berbagai jenis ID pengguna dan untuk membuat token akses OAuth 2 lebih selaras dengan kuki <code>sessionJwt</code>. Token akses lama tetap dapat digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * Pesan pemblokiran MediaWiki ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) kini mendukung parameter tambahan yang menunjukkan apakah pengguna diblokir untuk menyunting halaman pembicaraan pengguna miliknya sendiri (<code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code>) atau untuk mengirim surel kepada pengguna lain (<code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * Cabang <code>REL1_45</code> untuk inti MediaWiki serta setiap ekstensi dan kulit di repositori git Wikimedia telah dibuat. Ini merupakan langkah pertama dalam proses rilis MediaWiki 1.45.0 yang dijadwalkan pada akhir November 2025. Jika sedang mengerjakan perbaikan bug penting atau fitur baru, Anda perlu memperhatikan perubahan ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * Proses pembuatan timbunan (''dump'') CirrusSearch telah diperbarui karena penurunan kinerja. Jika Anda mengalami kendala saat beralih ke timbunan pengganti, silakan menghubungi Tim Platform Pencarian untuk mendapatkan bantuan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Nopémber 2025 20.37 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menguji fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|daftar bacaan di versi web Wikipedia]] untuk perangkat seluler. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum pernah menyunting artikel, untuk menyimpan daftar artikel secara pribadi dan membacanya nanti. Uji coba ini telah berlangsung sejak pekan 10 November di Wikipedia berbahasa Arab, Mandarin, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam. Rencananya, fitur ini akan mulai diuji di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada pekan 17 November. * Pengguna yang tidak menerima kode verifikasi melalui surel saat masuk kini dapat meminta bantuan dengan mengisi formulir di halaman khusus yang baru tersedia. Pembaruan ini merupakan bagian dari inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. Jika akun Anda memiliki alamat surel, pastikan Anda masih dapat mengaksesnya. Saat masuk dari perangkat atau lokasi baru tanpa menggunakan verifikasi dua langkah (2FA), Anda mungkin diminta untuk memasukkan kode enam digit yang dikirimkan melalui surel agar proses masuk log dapat diselesaikan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Sebuah wiki baru telah dibuat: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} dalam [[d:Q13324|bahasa Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari proyek Penyatuan Pengurai (''Parser Unification''), tim Transformasi Konten (''Content Transform team'') telah menerapkan Parsoid sebagai pengurai bawaan di berbagai Wikipedia dengan lalu lintas rendah. Saat ini, mereka sedang mempersiapkan langkah berikutnya untuk menerapkannya di Wikipedia dengan lalu lintas tinggi. Pesan ini merupakan undangan bagi Anda untuk mulai menggunakan Parsoid, sesuai dengan panduan yang dijelaskan dalam dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]]. Anda juga diharapkan untuk mengidentifikasi kendala atau masalah yang mungkin muncul dalam alur kerja Anda, terutama jika menggunakan bot, gawai (''gadget''), atau skrip pengguna. Silakan laporkan temuan Anda melalui pranala "Laporkan Kekutu Visual" (''"Report Visual Bug"'') yang tersedia di bilah sisi bagian Perkakas, atau buat tiket di Phabricator dan tandai [[phab:project/view/5846|tim Transformasi Konten dalam laporan tersebut]]. * Perkakas yang belum didukung: Beberapa masalah pada [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] telah diperbaiki, termasuk kegagalan unggah yang berhubungan dengan nama berkas, impor video yang tampil hitam, dan penanganan ulang (''retry handling''). Dukungan untuk format AV1 juga telah ditambahkan. Saat ini, pengembangan masih berlanjut dengan fokus pada kestabilan sistem belakang (''backend''), kesalahan pemrosesan ffmpeg, impor takarir, pengelolaan data tambahan, dan unggahan daftar putar. Untuk memantau tugas-tugas tertentu, silakan lihat [[phab:tag/video2commons/|papan tugas di Phabricator]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Catat tanggalnya! Wikimedia Hackathon akan berlangsung di Milan, Italia, pada 1–3 Mei 2026. Pendaftaran akan dibuka mulai Januari 2026. Saat ini, [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ pengajuan beasiswa sudah dibuka] dan akan ditutup pada 28 November 2025. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan, silakan hubungi melalui surel <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Nopémber 2025 17.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Tim Pencarian Wikimedia]] membuat ulang fungsi perkakas "DWIM" (''Do What I Mean'') di sisi peladen yang dikhususkan untuk Wikipedia bahasa Rusia dan Ibrani. Fitur ini menambahkan saran lintas papan ketik ke dalam saran kotak pencarian biasa. Misalnya, jika seseorang mencari kata ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' di Wikipedia Rusia, sistem akan menampilkan saran ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("kebahagiaan") yang mungkin sedang dicari oleh pengguna. Mereka berencana mengaktifkan fitur ini untuk wiki berbahasa Rusia dan Ibrani lainnya pada minggu ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" akan bisa melihat penyorotan sintaks di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. Untuk menggunakannya, pengaturan "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" harus diaktifkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi Campaign events]], yaitu kumpulan perkakas untuk mengoordinasikan acara dan kerja sama di wiki, sekarang sudah tersedia di semua wiki Wikimedia. Fitur baru bernama [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Kontribusi bersama]] (''Collaborative contribution'') juga ditambahkan untuk membantu penyelenggara dan peserta melihat dampak dari kegiatannya. Ikuti [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|sesi pembelajaran]] mendatang untuk melihat cara kerja fitur ini dan memberikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang menyebabkan CodeReviewBot tidak berfungsi sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengguna Wikimedia API dapat ikut serta dalam studi penggunaan untuk membantu menguji desain baru bak pasir REST API Wikimedia. Peserta yang berminat perlu mengisi [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 survei perekrutan]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan menghentikan penggunaan stylesheet XSLT di dalam Action API. Dukungan untuk <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> akan dihapus dari proyek Wikimedia pada akhir November 2025. Selain itu, fitur ini akan segera dinonaktifkan secara bawaan di versi rilis MediaWiki berikut: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, dan v1.45. Dukungan untuk stylesheet XSLT akan dihapus sepenuhnya pada MediaWiki v1.46 (diperkirakan rilis antara April–Mei 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * Titik akhir lama WDQS ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) akan dihentikan pada akhir Desember 2025, dan ditutup sepenuhnya pada 7 Januari 2026. Setelah tanggal tersebut, permintaan ke query.wikidata.org yang membutuhkan graf penuh akan gagal, atau menghasilkan hasil tidak valid, jika tidak ditulis ulang menggunakan federasi SPARQL. Tim juga mendorong pengguna untuk memastikan bahwa perkakas dan alur kerja memakai titik akhir WDQS yang didukung (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> – Graf utama, atau <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> – Graf naskah ilmiah). Untuk bantuan migrasi, silakan lihat halaman [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Akses data]] dan [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Permintaan kueri]] untuk detail serta cara akses alternatif. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Nopémber 2025 15.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025 (''Wikipedia Year in Review 2025'') akan tersedia pada 2 Desember bagi pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS dan Android. Fitur ini menampilkan wawasan baru yang dipersonalisasi, sorotan bacaan yang diperbarui, dan tampilan desain yang disegarkan. Informasi selengkapnya dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|halaman proyek]] tersebut. * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang mengupayakan perbaikan pada teks dan tampilan surel verifikasi yang dikirim kepada pengguna baru agar lebih ramah, bermanfaat, dan informatif. Sejumlah teks baru telah disiapkan untuk uji coba A/B, dan Anda dapat membantu dengan menerjemahkannya. Lihat [[phab:T396155|di Phabricator]]. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan Pranala]] (''Add a link'') akan mulai diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Jepang, Urdu, dan Tionghoa pada 2 Desember. Fitur ini bekerja menggunakan model prediksi yang menyarankan pranala untuk ditambahkan ke dalam sebuah artikel. Meskipun fitur ini sudah tersedia di sebagian besar Wikipedia, sebelumnya model prediksi tersebut belum dapat mendukung beberapa bahasa tertentu. Kini, model baru telah dikembangkan untuk menangani bahasa-bahasa tersebut dan akan diterapkan secara bertahap di Wikipedia lainnya. Jika ingin mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut, silakan menghubungi [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, masalah pada kotak pencarian di beberapa halaman Commons yang sebelumnya tidak menampilkan hasil akibat peralihan dari SpecialSearch ke MediaSearch, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q36846|bahasa Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} dalam [[d:Q33655|bahasa Pidgin Nigeria]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Wikimedia Foundation saat ini berada pada tahap awal dalam mengeksplorasi pendekatan panduan penulisan artikel. Inisiatif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah yang dapat membantu penyunting baru memahami dan menerapkan praktik serta kebijakan Wikipedia yang telah ada dengan lebih mudah saat membuat artikel. Proyek ini masih berada pada tahap eksplorasi dan perancangan awal uji coba. Seluruh anggota komunitas dianjurkan untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|mempelajari lebih lanjut]] mengenai proyek ini dan menyampaikan pendapatnya melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan]].</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Désémber 2025 18.57 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Siapa pun yang ingin mengamankan akun penggunanya kini dapat menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Fitur ini tersedia bagi seluruh pengguna terdaftar di semua proyek Wikimedia. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. Ke depannya, 2FA akan diwajibkan bagi semua pengguna yang memiliki kewenangan untuk melakukan tindakan yang berkaitan dengan keamanan atau privasi. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Setelah penerapan pekan lalu, fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Tambahkan pranala]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan pranala yang disarankan saat menyunting, akan tersedia di [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedia]] lainnya, mulai 9 Desember. Perluasan ini dimungkinkan berkat model prediksi baru yang kini mendukung semua bahasa, termasuk bahasa-bahasa yang sebelumnya belum tercakup. Meskipun fitur ini telah tersedia di sebagian besar Wikipedia selama beberapa waktu, peluncuran ini membawa penggunaan model yang telah ditingkatkan semakin mendekati penerapan di seluruh Wikipedia. Jika ada pertanyaan atau memerlukan keterangan lebih lanjut, silakan menghubungi [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Pekan lalu, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Tim Pencarian Wikimedia]] menambahkan saran pencarian dengan transliterasi saat mengetik di wiki berbahasa Georgia. Jika hanya tersedia sedikit saran pencarian biasa, maka kueri dalam aksara Latin atau Sirilik kini [[phab:T127003|akan diubah terlebih dahulu ke dalam aksara Georgia]] untuk mencari lebih banyak kecocokan. Sebagai contoh, pencarian dengan kata <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> atau <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> sekarang akan menampilkan saran artikel yang sudah ada tentang <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("kebahagiaan"). Anda juga dapat merekomendasikan bahasa lain yang menurut Anda akan memperoleh manfaat dari fitur saran dengan transliterasi [[phab:T375215|melalui Phabricator]] untuk pengembangan selanjutnya. * Pada akhir pekan ini, sebuah uji coba terkendali akan dimulai bagi para penyunting di 100 Wikipedia terbesar yang sedang menyunting bagian artikel melalui penyunting visual di web seluler. Sebanyak 50% dari para penyunting tersebut akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman" yang memungkinkan mereka memperluas sesi penyuntingan ke seluruh halaman. Fitur ini dimaksudkan untuk mempermudah pengguna web seluler dalam menyunting bagian mana pun dari sebuah artikel, tanpa bergantung pada ikon sunting bagian mana yang mereka ketuk untuk memulai. Uji coba ini akan berlangsung sekitar empat pekan. [[phab:T409112|Keterangan lebih lanjut]] mengenai proyek ini dapat ditemukan pada halaman terkait. * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] akan meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|uji coba di web seluler]] untuk menampilkan seluruh bagian artikel dalam keadaan terbuka secara bawaan (yang saat ini masih ditampilkan dalam keadaan menciut), dan menahan judul bagian yang sedang dibaca pengguna agar tetap berada di bagian atas halaman. Uji coba ini akan memengaruhi 10% pengguna di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tionghoa, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025]] (''Wikipedia Year in Review 2025''), sebuah fitur di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia (iOS dan Android) yang menyajikan ringkasan personal tentang aktivitas pengguna di Wikipedia sepanjang tahun, kini telah tersedia di aplikasi iOS dan Android. Edisi kali ini menghadirkan wawasan personal yang diperluas, sorotan bacaan yang ditingkatkan, pesan baru untuk para donatur, serta pembaruan pada desain tampilan. Buka aplikasi untuk melihat Ulasan Akhir Tahun Wikipedia 2025 Anda dan jelajahi kembali perjalanan membaca Anda sepanjang tahun 2025. * Sebuah gangguan perangkat lunak yang terjadi baru-baru ini menyebabkan suntingan yang dibuat dengan VisualEditor menimbulkan perubahan yang tidak disengaja pada teks wiki, termasuk penghapusan spasi dan penggantian spasi menjadi garis bawah pada pranala wiki di dalam pengutipan/sitasi. Masalah ini telah diperbaiki sebagian pada pekan lalu, dan perbaikan lanjutan masih terus dilakukan. Para penyunting yang menggunakan VisualEditor antara 28 November hingga 2 Desember diminta untuk meninjau kembali suntingan mereka guna memastikan tidak ada perubahan yang tidak diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, penanganan alamat URL yang sebelumnya keliru saat disalin dari bilah alamat peramban Microsoft Edge kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan ini, pengguna [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting untuk model konten Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON, dan Vue, menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Seiring dengan perubahan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|perkakas pemeriksa kesalahan pengodean]] (''linter'') juga akan ditingkatkan. Langkah ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk secara bertahap menggantikan CodeEditor dan menyediakan pengalaman penyuntingan kode yang lebih konsisten. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Para pengembang diimbau untuk mengisi [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 Survei Kepuasan Pengembang 2025], yang masih dibuka hingga 5 Januari 2026. Jika Anda mengembangkan perangkat lunak untuk ekosistem Wikimedia dan ingin berbagi pengalaman atau masukan, partisipasi Anda akan sangat dihargai. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">There is no new MediaWiki version this week.</span> '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Désémber 2025 17.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, salah satu perbaikan mengatasi kendala pada akun sementara ketika menambahkan URL eksternal, yang sebelumnya terlalu sering memicu permintaan hCaptcha dan tidak menampilkan jendela sembul (''pop-up'') yang semestinya pada upaya pertama untuk menerbitkan suntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Untuk meningkatkan kinerja basis data dan situs, pranala luar menuju proyek-proyek Wikimedia tidak lagi disimpan di dalam basis data. Dampaknya, pranala tersebut tidak akan dapat dicari di [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], tidak akan diperiksa sebagai pranala baru oleh Spam Blacklist atau AbuseFilter, serta tidak akan tercatat dalam tabel <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> pada replika basis data. Ke depannya, kebijakan ini dapat diperluas (per wiki) ke situs tepercaya lain yang sangat sering ditautkan, seperti pranala Creative Commons di Wikimedia Commons.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Désémber 2025 19.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Mulai Januari, penyaring suntingan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|dapat diatur]] untuk secara otomatis menyembunyikan informasi tertentu, seperti aturan penyaring dan daftar suntingan serta tindakan yang dicoba. Pengaturan ini akan membantu para pengawas (''oversighter'') menggunakannya untuk mencegah pengungkapan data pribadi (''doxxing'') atau materi lain yang perlu disembunyikan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * Edisi Berita Teknis berikutnya akan dikirimkan pada 12 Januari 2026 karena libur akhir tahun. Terima kasih kepada seluruh penerjemah dan semua pihak yang telah mengirimkan konten atau masukan sepanjang tahun ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:16}} {{PLURAL:16|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kerusakan aplikasi yang terjadi saat mengetuk menu "Langkah Pertama" pada fitur Ulasan Akhir Tahun di Wikipedia Android kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fitur tersebut dapat dibuka dan berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Elemen antarmuka seperti ''diff'' dan kategori yang dihasilkan oleh MediaWiki sebelumnya menggunakan atribut <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> untuk membedakannya dari konten wiki. Atribut tersebut kini diganti menjadi <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code> guna menghindari potensi konflik dengan atribut <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> lain yang dihasilkan oleh Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini atau pekan depan. '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] (Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026) akan berlangsung pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran telah dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan ditutup pada pertengahan Januari, atau lebih cepat jika kuota peserta terpenuhi. Mengingat kapasitas acara sekitar 100 orang, calon peserta sangat disarankan untuk mendaftar sedini mungkin. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 Désémber 2025 21.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini berfokus pada tren global, uji coba yang lebih cepat dan lebih sehat, dukungan yang lebih baik bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, peningkatan kolaborasi lintas proyek, dan upaya memperluas dan mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan Tim Community Tech dalam proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Daftar pantau ganda]] (''Multiple watchlists''), tampilan [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] akan diperbarui sebagai langkah awal menuju penerapan beberapa daftar pantau. Selain itu, sistem penomoran halaman pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] juga akan diperbarui sebagai bagian dari pengerjaan permintaan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|perombakan penomoran dan navigasi halaman]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] merupakan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|ekstensi]] MediaWiki yang memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini baru-baru ini diperbarui agar tampilannya lebih menyerupai [[Special:Watchlist|Daftar pantau]] biasa, termasuk untuk menyiapkannya menghadapi penggunaan akun sementara dalam penyamaran IP (misalnya dengan mengarahkan ulang pranala pengguna ke halaman kontribusi), menampilkan judul halaman dengan huruf tebal, dan membuka pranala dalam ringkasan suntingan dan label di tab peramban baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika pemblokiran global tidak memiliki opsi untuk menonaktifkan pengiriman surel kini telah diperbaiki, dan fitur tersebut dapat digunakan pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|Perkakas pengutipan di VisualEditor]] dan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Pratinjau Rujukan]] kini mendukung jenis rujukan "peta". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Januari 2026 19.33 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Panel yang ditampilkan pada [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] dalam tampilan seluler telah didesain ulang. Panel ini kini ditampilkan dalam keadaan tertutup secara bawaan dan dilengkapi dengan pranala untuk membatalkan suntingan yang sedang ditinjau, sehingga memudahkan penyunting dan peninjau di perangkat seluler untuk mengambil tindakan tanpa membuat antarmuka terlihat penuh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini terus dikembangkan dan kini mampu menentukan arah teks secara otomatis, sehingga tampilan situs dengan nama domain yang tidak lazim tetap benar. Ekstensi ini juga menampilkan keterangan yang lebih rinci untuk setiap tindakan dalam log. Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ditambahkan pranala permanen baru untuk pembuatan halaman dan kelas CSS untuk setiap elemen entri. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya ditemukan pada Vector 2022, yaitu tujuan pranala jangkar tertutup oleh tajuk yang menempel (''sticky header''), kini telah ditangani. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|pengumuman penghentian bertahap pada Oktober 2025]], Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan mulai menghentikan seluruh titik akhir transformasi (''transform endpoint'') pada MediaWiki REST API yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir alamat (''trailing slash'') pada pekan 26 Januari. Perubahan ini diperkirakan akan diterapkan di semua wiki paling lambat 30 Januari. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih menggunakannya diimbau untuk beralih ke versi titik akhir tanpa garis miring di akhir. Kedua variasi titik akhir tersebut dapat ditemukan, dibandingkan, dan diuji melalui [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Jika memiliki pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * Dokumentasi rujukan interaktif untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] telah dipindahkan. Permintaan ke dokumentasi API yang sebelumnya diinang melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (misalnya <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) kini akan dialihkan ke [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata Wikimedia Foundation]] (WDP) telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala Januari 2026]]. Nawala ini memuat pembaruan mengenai penghentian titik akhir graf penuh (''full-graph'') lama, perubahan kebijakan User-Agent, jadwal sesi diskusi bulanan migrasi Blazegraph, dan upaya untuk mengurangi kemunduran (regresi) yang disebabkan oleh penonaktifan titik akhir lama tersebut. Sebagai pengingat, Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|berlangganan nawala WDP]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan segera ditutup atau ditutup lebih awal jika kuota peserta telah terpenuhi. Acara ini merupakan hackathon teknis selama dua hari yang mempertemukan para Wikimediawan dari kawasan tersebut. Sampai jumpa di sana! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Januari 2026 20.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang masukan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|usulan arah masa depan]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] hingga 28 Februari. * Semua pengguna dengan akun terdaftar kini dapat menggunakan kunci sandi (''passkey'') untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Kunci sandi merupakan cara masuk yang lebih sederhana tanpa perlu menggunakan perangkat kedua. Identitas pengguna diverifikasi melalui sidik jari, pemindaian wajah, atau kode PIN. Untuk menggunakan kunci sandi, pengguna harus terlebih dahulu mengaktifkan metode 2FA standar. Saat ini, proses masuk dengan kunci sandi masih memerlukan kata sandi. Pada kuartal ini, fitur masuk tanpa kata sandi akan memungkinkan pengguna masuk dengan satu klik menggunakan kunci sandi. Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan juga akan diwajibkan mengaktifkan 2FA. Kebijakan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. * Kontributor tidak terdaftar yang berasal dari alamat IP atau rentang IP yang diblokir kini dapat berinteraksi di wiki untuk mengajukan banding pemblokiran dengan membuat akun sementara dan menyampaikannya melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna, selama opsi "mencegah pengguna ini menyunting halaman pembicaraannya sendiri" tidak diaktifkan. Perubahan ini mengatasi masalah sebelumnya, yaitu pengguna yang tidak masuk log (keluar log dari akun) tidak dapat menggunakan prosedur pembukaan blokir standar melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, deskripsi metode Autentikasi Dua-Faktor (2FA) pada halaman pengelolaan kini telah diperbarui. Penjelasannya menjadi lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dipahami serta digunakan oleh pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah variabel AbuseFilter baru, <code>account_type</code>, telah ditambahkan untuk menyediakan cara yang andal dalam menentukan jenis akun yang sedang dibuat pada tindakan <code>createaccount</code> dan <code>autocreateaccount</code>. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, variabel <code>accountname</code> telah diubah namanya menjadi <code>account_name</code>, dan <code>accountname</code> kini dinyatakan tidak lagi digunakan (''deprecated''). Pengelola penyaring suntingan disarankan untuk memperbarui penyaring apa pun yang masih menggunakan pemeriksaan jenis akun yang ditulis langsung (''hardcoded'') atau variabel yang telah dinyatakan tidak digunakan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Keluku (''thumbnail'') yang diminta dengan ukuran tidak standar dan menggunakan cara tidak standar, seperti permintaan langsung ke <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code>, akan berhenti berfungsi dalam waktu dekat. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan berkelanjutan oleh pengambil data otomatis (''web scraper'') dan bot. Sebagian pengguna dengan CSS/JS khusus, pengurus antarmuka yang dapat memperbaiki gawai dan kulit lokal, serta pembuat alat, perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar menggunakan ukuran gambar mini standar. [[phab:T414805|Informasi lengkap, pranala pencarian, dan contoh cara memperbaikinya tersedia pada tugas terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Januari 2026 21.17 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" yang menampilkan informasi validasi tentang suatu halaman ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} contoh]) kini secara otomatis akan menyertakan daftar isi. Jika terdapat halaman lokal [[MediaWiki:Pageinfo-header]] yang dibuat oleh pengguna, halaman tersebut kini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya VisualEditor menambahkan pemformatan tebal atau miring di dalam deskripsi pranala, sehingga membuat kode wiki menjadi rumit. Hal ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada salinan XML pada 20 Januari. Selain itu, mulai sekarang, salinan data hanya akan dihasilkan satu kali per bulan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki telah menghapus dukungan untuk seluruh titik akhir transformasi yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir (''trailing slash'') dari [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API REST API MediaWiki]. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih memanggil titik akhir tersebut dianjurkan untuk beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring di akhir. Apabila terdapat pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan mengajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengingatkan para pengguna bahwa sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 telah dibagikan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan ini menyoroti berbagai isu utama, termasuk tren global, pengembangan eksperimen yang lebih cepat dan berkelanjutan, peningkatan dukungan bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, optimalisasi kolaborasi antarproyek, dan upaya meningkatkan serta mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan, saran, dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Pébruari 2026 17.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kontributor yang masuk log dan mengelola daftar pantauan yang besar atau kompleks kini dapat mengatur dan menyaring halaman yang dipantau dengan lebih efektif melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Label Daftar Pantauan]] yang baru. Dengan menambahkan label tersuai, misalnya halaman yang dibuat sendiri, halaman yang dipantau untuk vandalisme, atau halaman diskusi, pengguna dapat lebih cepat mengidentifikasi halaman yang memerlukan perhatian, mengurangi beban kognitif, dan merespons dengan lebih efisien. Peningkatan ini membuat daftar pantauan lebih mudah digunakan, terutama bagi penyunting yang sangat aktif. * Sebuah fitur baru yang tersedia di [[Special:Contributions|Istimewa:Kontribusi]] kini menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] yang kemungkinan dioperasikan oleh orang yang sama, sehingga proses patroli menjadi lebih efisien dan tidak memakan banyak waktu. Saat memeriksa kontribusi suatu akun sementara, pengguna yang memiliki akses ke alamat IP akun sementara kini dapat melihat tampilan kontribusi dari akun-akun sementara terkait. Fitur ini menelusuri seluruh alamat IP yang terkait dengan suatu akun sementara dalam periode retensi data, lalu menampilkan semua kontribusi dari seluruh akun sementara yang pernah menggunakan alamat IP tersebut. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * Saat para penyunting melakukan pratayang suntingan teks wiki, kotak pengingat di bagian atas yang menunjukkan bahwa yang ditampilkan hanyalah pratayang kini menggunakan latar belakang abu-abu/netral, bukan lagi kuning/peringatan. Perubahan ini memudahkan pembedaan antara catatan pratayang dan peringatan yang sebenarnya (misalnya konflik suntingan atau sasaran pengalihan yang bermasalah), yang kini akan ditampilkan dalam kotak peringatan atau kesalahan terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna meninjau daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini terus mengalami penyempurnaan, yang kini mendukung lebih dari satu situs Wikibase secara optimal, seperti [[d:|Wikidata]] dan [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. Selain itu, kendala tentang arah teks telah diperbaiki bagi pengguna Wikidata atau situs Wikibase lain yang menggunakan bahasa dengan arah kanan ke kiri (RTL). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * "Pranala magis" otomatis untuk nomor ISBN, RFC, dan PMID [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|telah dinyatakan usang dalam teks wiki sejak 2021]] karena kurang fleksibel dan menyulitkan pelokalan. Sejumlah wiki telah berhasil menggantikan pranala magis RFC dan PMID dengan pranala luar yang setara, tetapi untuk menggantikan fungsi pranala magis ISBN sering kali diperlukan templat khusus. Kini telah tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|fungsi pengurai bawaan]] baru, <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code>, yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan fungsi dasar pranala magis ISBN. Hal ini memudahkan wiki yang ingin bermigrasi dari fungsi pranala magis yang telah dinyatakan usang tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q35401|bahasa Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q1186896|bahasa Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah kelompok pengguna global baru telah dibuat, yaitu [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. Kelompok ini digunakan secara internal oleh perangkat lunak untuk memungkinkan bot komunitas melewati pembatasan laju (''rate limit'') yang diterapkan terhadap [[w:en:Web scraping|perayap web]] (''web scraper'') yang bersifat merusak. Akun yang telah disetujui sebagai bot di setidaknya satu wiki Wikimedia akan secara otomatis ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok ini. Perubahan ini tidak memengaruhi atau mengubah hak akses yang dimiliki oleh bot tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 25–27 Maret 2026 di Salt Lake City, Amerika Serikat. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Peserta dapat mengusulkan sesi serta mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti konferensi ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Pébruari 2026 23.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Tim SRE]] akan membersihkan Etherpad, yaitu penyunting berbasis web sumber terbuka untuk penyuntingan dokumen kolaboratif langsung. Seluruh catatan (''pad'') akan dihapus secara permanen setelah 30 April 2026. Harap membuat salinan cadangan lokal atas konten apa pun yang ingin dipertahankan karena data yang telah dihapus tidak dapat dipulihkan. Pembersihan ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi ukuran basis data dan meminimalkan jejak infrastruktur. Etherpad akan tetap mendukung kolaborasi langsung, tetapi tidak ditujukan untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Pembersihan tambahan dapat dilakukan di masa mendatang tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pengambilan Informasi (''Information Retrieval'') akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|eksperimen aplikasi seluler Android]] untuk menguji pencarian hibrida yang mampu menangani kueri semantik dan berbasis kata kunci. Peningkatan pencarian di dalam platform ini bertujuan memudahkan pembaca menemukan informasi yang dicari secara langsung di Wikipedia. Eksperimen ini akan pertama kali diluncurkan di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani pada akhir Februari, kemudian diperluas ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis pada bulan Maret. Informasi selengkapnya [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ dapat dibaca] di Diff. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah di [[Special:RecentChanges|Istimewa:PerubahanTerbaru]] telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, ketika pengguna mengeklik sembunyikan pada penyaring aktif, tombol "lihat perubahan baru sejak…" ikut menghilang, padahal seharusnya tetap ditampilkan. Kini, tombol tersebut telah berfungsi dan ditampilkan sebagaimana mestinya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Dokumentasi baru kini tersedia untuk membantu para penyunting menelusuri dan mendiagnosis masalah pada fitur pencarian di situs. Dokumentasi ini mendukung proses pemecahan masalah ketika halaman tidak muncul dalam hasil pencarian, ketika peringkat hasil terasa tidak sesuai, dan ketika perlu memeriksa konten apa saja yang sedang diindeks. Dengan demikian, perilaku pencarian menjadi lebih mudah dipahami dan dianalisis. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Pébruari 2026 19.17 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] kini telah diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, menandai selesainya peluncuran fitur ini di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur tersebut mendorong pengguna baru untuk menambahkan rujukan sebelum memublikasikan konten baru, sehingga membantu menekan pembatalan suntingan akibat kekurangan rujukan dan meningkatkan keterverifikasian. Hasil pengujian A/B menunjukkan dampak yang kuat: pengguna baru yang ditampilkan Pemeriksaan Rujukan sekitar 2,2 kali lebih sering menambahkan rujukan di desktop dan sekitar 17,5 kali lebih sering di web seluler. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|Ekstensi InterwikiSorting]], yang sebelumnya memungkinkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|pengurutan pranala antarwiki]], telah dinonaktifkan di Wikipedia. Dampaknya, penyunting yang mengaktifkan pengurutan pranala antarwiki dalam mode tidak ringkas (format daftar penuh) kini akan melihat urutan pranala berubah. Ke depannya, pranala antarwiki akan ditampilkan berdasarkan urutan alfabet kode bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, pengguna yang menyunting suatu bagian halaman menggunakan VisualEditor seluler akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman". Dengan mengetuk tombol tersebut, pengguna dapat langsung menyunting keseluruhan artikel. Fitur ini memudahkan ketika perubahan yang ingin dilakukan ternyata berada di luar bagian yang awalnya dibuka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] mengundang para penyunting untuk menilai apakah mode gelap masih perlu dianggap sebagai fitur beta di wiki masing-masing berdasarkan pengalaman penggunaan dan kinerjanya di perangkat desktop maupun seluler. Apabila fitur ini dinilai telah matang, para penyunting dapat memperbarui pesan antarmuka di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> dan <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> untuk menunjukkan bahwa mode gelap telah siap digunakan dan tidak lagi berstatus beta. * [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Tab Aktivitas]] yang telah ditingkatkan dan menampilkan wawasan pengguna kini tersedia untuk seluruh pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS (versi 7.9.0 dan yang lebih baru). Setelah uji A/B sebelumnya menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pembuatan akun pada pengguna yang memiliki akses ke fitur ini, pembaruan tersebut kini diluncurkan kepada 100% pengguna, dan disertai dengan sejumlah penyempurnaan. Tab Aktivitas kini menampilkan artikel-artikel yang telah disunting dalam lini masa, menyajikan wawasan dampak penyuntingan seperti jumlah kontribusi dan tren kunjungan artikel, serta menyediakan opsi penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan aplikasi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang sebelumnya menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] tidak berfungsi di perangkat seluler kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fungsionalitasnya kembali berjalan sepenuhnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] yang mendukung fitur ini terus dikembangkan. Pembaruan terbaru menambahkan [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|kait baru]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, yang dijalankan setiap kali daftar pantauan dibangun ulang. Dengan adanya kait ini, gawai dan skrip pengguna kini dapat dijalankan pada halaman Istimewa tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Pébruari 2026 19.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Mode Ulang Tahun]] ke-25 Wikipedia kini telah tersedia di Wikipedia bahasa Betawi, Breton, Tionghoa, Ceko, Belanda, Inggris, Prancis, Gorontalo, Indonesia, Italia, Luksemburg, Madura, Sisilia, Spanyol, Thai, dan Vietnam. Fitur kampanye waktu terbatas ini merayakan 25 tahun Wikipedia dengan maskot ulang tahun bernama Baby Globe. Saat diaktifkan, Baby Globe akan muncul di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|sekitar 2.500 artikel]] dan dapat ditemukan oleh para pembaca. Komunitas dapat memilih untuk mengaktifkan Mode Ulang Tahun dengan mencapai konsensus di tingkat komunitas, lalu meminta pengurus untuk mengaktifkan dan menyesuaikan fitur tersebut melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|pengaturan komunitas]] di wiki lokal masing-masing. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur baru [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], yang memungkinkan penggunaan ulang rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Swedia, Polandia, dan [[:phab:T418209|beberapa wiki lainnya]]. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|Fitur ini dapat dicoba]] di proyek-proyek tersebut atau di testwiki dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Pembelajaran dari wiki percontohan pertama, yaitu Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, telah [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|dirilis dalam sebuah laporan]]. Jika [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|berminat untuk menjadi wiki percontohan]], silakan menghubungi tim Wikimedia Deutschland. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') akan tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia pekan ini. Fitur ini menampilkan pengingat kepada pengguna baru yang menempelkan teks ke dalam VisualEditor yang kemungkinan besar bukan hasil tulisan mereka sendiri agar mempertimbangkan risiko pelanggaran hak cipta. Pemeriksaan Tempel juga [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|menandai]] semua suntingan yang memunculkan pengingat tersebut untuk kemungkinan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Pengurus lokal dapat mengatur berbagai aspek fitur ini melalui [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Penelitian]] di 22 wiki menunjukkan bahwa Pemeriksaan Tempel menghasilkan penurunan relatif sebesar 18% pada suntingan yang dibatalkan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Para penerjemah dapat membantu [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate melokalkan] fitur ini dan fitur terkait lainnya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] akan melakukan standardisasi menu pengguna di pojok kanan atas bagi seluruh pengguna seluler agar lebih selaras dengan pengalaman di desktop. Saat ini, menu tersebut hanya terlihat oleh pengguna yang mengaktifkan Kontrol Seluler Lanjutan (''Advanced Mobile Controls''/AMC). Perubahan yang dilakukan hanya berupa pemindahan beberapa tombol yang sebelumnya berada di menu sisi kiri ke pojok kanan atas bagi pengguna yang tidak mengaktifkan AMC. Perubahan ini dijadwalkan diterapkan pada 9 Maret dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan antarmuka pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Mulai pekan 2 Maret, surel yang dikirim saat alamat surel pada suatu akun ditambahkan, dihapus, atau diubah akan beralih dari format teks biasa menjadi surel HTML yang tampilannya lebih rapi dan informatif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Saat ini, setiap pengguna dapat menyimpan hingga 2.000 notifikasi lama, dengan riwayat yang mencakup sejak 2013 ketika fitur ini diperkenalkan. Ke depan, sistem akan diubah sehingga hanya notifikasi dari lima tahun terakhir yang disimpan, tetapi dengan kapasitas yang ditingkatkan hingga 10.000 notifikasi. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan infrastruktur dalam jangka panjang sekaligus mengurangi kemungkinan notifikasi terbaru hilang lebih cepat dari yang seharusnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami penyempurnaan. Pembaruan terbaru meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan label. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini kini memungkinkan pengaktifan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|sistem pengganti bahasa]] (''language fallback'') untuk butir Wikidata yang tidak memiliki label dalam bahasa yang sedang ditampilkan, dan menampilkan label tersebut dalam bahasa Wikidata pilihan pengguna apabila tidak ada parameter URL <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * Tim Wikipedia Android telah memulai uji coba beta fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|pencarian hibrida]] di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani. Fitur pencarian hibrida ini dapat menangani pencarian berdasarkan makna maupun kata kunci, sehingga pembaca dapat menemukan informasi yang dicari secara lebih mudah langsung di Wikipedia. * Demi meningkatkan keamanan, anggota dari sejumlah kelompok pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Saat ini, 2FA menjadi syarat untuk menggunakan hak akses dalam kelompok tersebut, tetapi belum menjadi syarat untuk tercatat sebagai anggotanya. Karena kebijakan ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, perubahan akan [[phab:T418580|dilakukan secara bertahap mulai bulan Maret]]. Anggota kelompok terkait tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan satu-satunya metode 2FA yang tersisa di akun mereka. Selain itu, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA tidak dapat ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tersebut. Pengguna tetap dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama minimal satu metode 2FA tetap aktif. Pada paruh kedua bulan Maret, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok ini. Ketentuan ini berlaku untuk pengurus CentralNotice, pemeriksa, pengurus antarmuka, pengawas, staf Wikidata, staf Wikifunctions, WMF Office IT, dan WMF Trust & Safety. Tidak ada perubahan bagi pengguna lainnya. Jadwal pelaksanaan dapat dilihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya menghalangi pengguna untuk membuat sebuah instans (''instance'') di [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], dalam satu bulan ke depan Wikimedia Foundation akan menerapkan pembatasan jumlah permintaan (''rate limit'') API secara global pada seluruh API yang digunakan. Pada awal Maret, batas yang lebih ketat akan diberlakukan untuk permintaan yang tidak teridentifikasi dari luar Toolforge/WMCS dan permintaan API yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diterapkan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin agar dampaknya terhadap komunitas tetap minimal. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * Layanan ''Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment'' (LDF) akan dihentikan pada bulan Februari. Layanan ini hanya melayani lalu lintas yang terbatas, dan penggunaannya telah berhasil dialihkan ke metode akses data lain yang lebih sesuai untuk mendukung kebutuhan yang ada. Perangkat keras yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mendukung layanan LDF akan dialokasikan kembali guna menunjang proses migrasi sistem bagian belakang yang sedang berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * Pengurai Parsoid versi terbaru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|terus diperluas penggunaannya ke berbagai wiki lainnya]]. Penerapan ini mendukung keberlanjutan sistem dan mempermudah pengembangan fitur baru untuk kegiatan membaca dan penyuntingan. Kini, Parsoid telah menjadi pengurai utama di 488 wiki milik Wikimedia Foundation, termasuk 268 edisi Wikipedia. Cakupan tersebut mewakili lebih dari 10% dari total tayangan halaman di seluruh Wikipedia. * Proses dan kriteria untuk [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|mengajukan akses khusus]] ke umpan data berkapasitas tinggi dari API Wikimedia Enterprise (tanpa biaya untuk penggunaan yang sejalan dengan misi) [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|kini telah dipublikasikan]]. Publikasi ini bertujuan menyediakan dokumentasi yang lebih lengkap dan jelas bagi para pengguna. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], yang selama ini menjadi blog bagi komunitas teknis Wikimedia, [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ akan digabungkan] ke [[diffblog:|Diff]], blog yang memuat berita dan kegiatan komunitas. Proses penggabungan ini ditargetkan rampung pada April 2026. Setelah proses tersebut selesai, kiriman tulisan baru akan kembali dibuka untuk dipublikasikan. Semua tulisan, baik yang lama dan yang baru, tetap dapat dibaca melalui halaman khusus di https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Maret 2026 17.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari uji coba pengalihan peladen pusat data ke peladen cadangan, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|yang dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dialihkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Pengujian ini bertujuan memastikan layanan tetap tersedia dan mengurangi kemungkinan gangguan layanan, termasuk dalam keadaan darurat. * Pekan lalu, seluruh wiki sempat berada dalam mode hanya-baca selama sekitar dua jam. Selain itu, skrip pengguna dan gawai juga mengalami gangguan lebih lama dari biasanya. Kejadian ini disebabkan oleh sebuah insiden keamanan yang kini telah ditangani. Langkah-langkah untuk mencegah kejadian serupa masih terus dilakukan. Informasi terkini dapat dilihat pada [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|pengumuman di papan pengumuman penatalayan]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|tersedia terjemahan]]). '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna yang terkena beberapa pemblokiran saat mengakses melalui perangkat seluler kini akan melihat alasan untuk setiap pemblokiran secara terpisah, bukan lagi satu pesan umum. Hal ini membantu pengguna memahami alasan pemblokiran yang mereka alami serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Sebagai contoh, pengguna yang terdampak karena menggunakan VPN umum (seperti [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) akan mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai apa yang perlu dilakukan agar dapat kembali menyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] (''Suggestion Mode'') akan tersedia sebagai fitur beta di penyunting visual di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini memberikan berbagai saran tindakan yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki artikel Wikipedia, dan membantu pengguna mempelajari pedoman yang relevan. Pengaturan fitur ini dapat disesuaikan oleh setiap wiki dan juga dapat diperluas dengan menambahkan saran khusus. Pengaturan yang saat ini berlaku dapat dilihat di halaman [[Special:EditChecks]]. Selain itu, tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|panduan bagi pengurus untuk menyesuaikan]] pranala agar mengarah ke pedoman lokal. Mode Saran terhubung dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Pemeriksaan Suntingan]] yang memberikan saran perbaikan ketika seseorang sedang menulis konten baru. Ke depannya, tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') berencana menilai dampak fitur ini terhadap pengguna baru melalui sebuah percobaan terkontrol. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika posisi kursor menjadi tidak selaras saat menggunakan penyorotan sintaks CodeMirror (fitur yang memudahkan pembacaan teks wiki dan kode) kini telah diperbaiki. Masalah ini secara khusus memengaruhi pengguna yang menetapkan aturan jenis huruf dalam lembar gaya tersuai ketika membuat topik baru dengan menggunakan DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pembaruan pembatasan permintaan API: Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], pembatasan jumlah permintaan API secara global akan mulai diterapkan pada minggu ini. Pembatasan ini berlaku untuk permintaan tanpa User-Agent yang sesuai yang berasal dari luar Toolforge/WMCS, serta untuk permintaan API tanpa autentikasi yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diberlakukan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * API GraphQL yang baru kini telah tersedia. API ini dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih fleksibel untuk beberapa fitur di Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemudahan bagi pengembang, mendukung fleksibilitas penggunaan, dan mempercepat akses data. Pengguna dipersilakan untuk mencoba API ini dan [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|memberikan masukan]]. Pengembang juga dapat [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply mendaftar untuk mengikuti uji kegunaan]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] melanjutkan peningkatan pada [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] sepanjang Februari. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan kesalahan autentikasi, penanganan berkas berukuran besar, visibilitas antrean tugas, dan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai proses pengunggahan. Sejumlah pekerjaan masih terus berlangsung di beberapa bagian, termasuk perubahan yang berkaitan dengan metode pengunggahan dari sisi peladen yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|kabar terkini]] untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Panduan Artikel (''Article Guidance'') mengundang penyunting Wikipedia berpengalaman dari sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|wiki percontohan]] dan kontributor yang berminat dari Wikipedia lainnya untuk mengisi angket ini. Angket tersebut tersedia dalam [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform bahasa Inggris], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arab], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Jepang], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portugis], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persia], dan [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turki]. Jawaban yang diberikan akan membantu tim untuk menyesuaikan panduan bagi penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman, sekaligus membantu mereka mempelajari kebijakan dan praktik komunitas saat membuat artikel. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|halaman proyek tersebut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Maret 2026 18.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], telah digunakan untuk penyorotan sintaks teks wiki sejak November 2024. Fitur ini direncanakan keluar dari status beta pada Mei 2026 agar berbagai perbaikan dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|fitur]] baru dapat digunakan oleh semua penyunting yang memakai penyorot sintaks standar. Jika terdapat pertanyaan atau masukan terkait rencana penghapusan status beta pada fitur ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|silakan disampaikan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebagian perubahan pada kelompok pengguna lokal dilakukan oleh penatalayan di Meta-Wiki dan sebelumnya hanya dicatat di sana. Kini, perubahan hak pengguna lintas wiki akan dicatat di Meta-Wiki dan di wiki tempat pengguna tersebut berada. Langkah ini memudahkan penelusuran riwayat lengkap perubahan hak pengguna di wiki lokal. Catatan perubahan yang terjadi sebelumnya juga akan ditambahkan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * Pada wiki yang menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], jumlah perubahan tertunda yang ditampilkan di halaman [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] sebelumnya juga menghitung halaman yang sebenarnya sudah tidak menunggu peninjauan. Hal ini terjadi karena halaman tersebut telah dihapus dari sistem tanpa melalui proses peninjauan, misalnya karena dihapus, dipindahkan ke ruang nama lain, atau akibat perubahan konfigurasi wiki. Kini, jumlah yang ditampilkan telah diperbaiki sehingga lebih akurat. Di beberapa wiki, angka yang terlihat mungkin jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan sebelumnya. Daftar halaman yang ditampilkan seharusnya tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Bahasa komposisi yang digunakan di Wikifunctions telah ditulis ulang dan menghasilkan versi bahasa yang baru. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan layanan dengan mengurangi penggunaan memori pada orkestrator. Selain itu, pembaruan ini juga memungkinkan pengurangan waktu tunda secara signifikan, penyederhanaan kode, dan penerapan abstraksi yang lebih baik. Perubahan tersebut membuka peluang bagi pengembangan fitur baru pada tahap berikutnya. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|pembaruan ini]] dapat dibaca pada penjelasan yang tersedia. * Pengguna kini dapat mengurutkan hasil pencarian secara alfabetis berdasarkan judul halaman. Pembaruan ini menambahkan opsi baru yang dapat membantu menemukan halaman dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Sebelumnya, hasil pencarian hanya dapat diurutkan berdasarkan tanggal penyuntingan, tanggal pembuatan, atau tingkat relevansi. Untuk menggunakan opsi baru ini, buka menu "Pencarian lanjutan" pada halaman hasil pencarian, lalu pilih "Alfabetis" pada bagian "Urutan pengurutan". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang sebelumnya membuat UploadWizard di Wikimedia Commons tidak dapat mengimpor berkas dari Flickr kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah halaman istimewa baru, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], telah dibuat untuk menampilkan daftar halaman yang ditransklusikan dan ditandai memiliki galat pemeriksaan kode (''lint''). Halaman ini membantu pengguna menemukan kesalahan tersebut dengan lebih mudah. Daftar yang ditampilkan akan diurutkan berdasarkan jumlah transklusi yang mengandung galat. Contohnya dapat dilihat pada halaman [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Pengguna fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai pengganti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman berisi JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua sejak beberapa waktu terakhir. Seiring dengan rencana mengeluarkan CodeMirror 6 dari status beta, CodeEditor juga direncanakan akan digantikan sebagai penyunting standar untuk jenis konten tersebut pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Masukan atau tanggapan tentang rencana ini sangat dipersilakan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Modul JavaScript [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] akan segera diperbarui ke CodeMirror 6. Menjelang pembaruan tersebut, pemuatan modul <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> atau <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> dari gawai dan skrip pengguna telah dinyatakan usang sejak Juli 2025. Penggunaan kait <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> juga telah dinyatakan usang sejak Maret 2025. Kontributor kini dapat menyesuaikan skrip atau gawai mereka agar kompatibel dengan CodeMirror 6. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|panduan migrasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang memperluas cakupan definisi modul REST API agar juga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|API dari ekstensi]]. Modul REST API merupakan kelompok titik akhir yang saling berkaitan dan dapat dikelola serta diberi versi secara mandiri. Saat ini, modul tersebut sudah tersedia untuk API [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] dan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions]. Seiring dengan pemindahan API ekstensi ke struktur ini, dokumentasinya akan dipindahkan dari spesifikasi utama MediaWiki OpenAPI dan tampilan REST Sandbox. Selanjutnya, dokumentasi tersebut dapat diakses melalui opsi khusus modul pada menu tarik turun di [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (yaitu di [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], yang tersedia di semua proyek wiki). * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] menyediakan berbagai informasi tentang wiki tempat modul digunakan melalui pustaka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]]. Sejak pekan lalu, pustaka tersebut juga menyediakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|cara]] untuk mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|ID wiki]]. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan pemeliharaan modul yang digunakan di berbagai wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2026]], yang merayakan berbagai perkakas terbaik yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas, kini telah membuka proses nominasi. Nominasi untuk perkakas favorit dapat diajukan melalui [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en formulir survei nominasi] paling lambat 23 Maret 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai privasi dan pengelolaan data dapat dilihat pada [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|pernyataan privasi survei]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Maret 2026 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|obrolan]])</bdi> 19 Maret 2026 11.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat masuk log ke akun mereka tanpa menggunakan kata sandi melalui penggunaan kunci sandi (''passkey''). Metode ini merupakan cara yang aman dan didukung oleh autentikasi seperti sidik jari, pengenalan wajah, atau PIN. Dengan adanya perubahan ini, semua pengguna yang memilih masuk log tanpa kata sandi akan merasakan proses yang lebih mudah, lebih cepat, dan lebih aman saat mengakses akun mereka dari berbagai perangkat. Opsi masuk menggunakan kunci sandi saat ini ditampilkan sebagai saran pengisian otomatis pada kolom nama pengguna. Dalam waktu dekat, [[phab:T417120|tombol tambahan "Masuk log dengan kunci sandi"]] juga akan tersedia bagi pengguna yang telah mendaftarkan kunci sandi mereka sebelumnya. Pembaruan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keamanan sekaligus memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik. [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|Rekaman layar]] yang disertakan memperlihatkan proses masuk log tanpa kata sandi secara bertahap, langkah demi langkah. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka pengujian pencadangan melalui pengalihan peladen pusat data (''datacenter server switchover'') yang [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan tersebut, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dipindahkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketersediaan layanan sekaligus memastikan bahwa layanan tetap dapat berjalan tanpa gangguan, bahkan dalam situasi darurat. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat mengekspor notifikasi mereka yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun dengan menggunakan sebuah [[toolforge:echo-chamber|perkakas baru di Toolforge]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk tetap menyimpan notifikasi penting mereka, sekaligus menghindari risiko terhapusnya notifikasi tersebut seiring rencana penghapusan notifikasi yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun, sebagaimana telah diumumkan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Para penyunting Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, Thai, Turki, dan Simple English kini memiliki akses ke Special:PersonalDashboard. Fitur ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|versi awal dari sebuah pengalaman]] yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan alur kerja patroli kepada penyunting yang lebih baru, sehingga mereka dapat beralih secara lebih mudah dari sekadar melakukan suntingan menuju keterlibatan dalam tugas moderasi yang lebih lanjut di proyek mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * Halaman [[Special:Block]] kini mengalami dua perubahan kecil pada antarmukanya. Pengurus kini dapat dengan lebih mudah menetapkan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu melalui tombol pilihan (''radio button'') khusus yang tersedia pada bagian masa berlaku. Selain itu, ketika masa berlaku tanpa batas dipilih, akan muncul kumpulan alasan umum yang berbeda untuk dipilih, yang dapat disesuaikan melalui halaman [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Para penyunting seluler [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|di beberapa wiki]] kini dapat melihat peringatan penyuntingan dalam keadaan belum masuk log (''logged-out'') yang telah ditingkatkan, berkat pembaruan terbaru dari tim Pertumbuhan. Perubahan yang dirilis pada pekan lalu ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dan pengujian yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|pembuatan akun di perangkat seluler]], dan mendorong peningkatan partisipasi pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:36}} {{PLURAL:36|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, galat yang sebelumnya menyebabkan pengguna web seluler tidak dapat melihat informasi pemblokiran ketika mereka terdampak oleh beberapa pemblokiran sekaligus kini telah diperbaiki. Kini, saat mengakses Wikipedia, mereka dapat melihat pesan dari seluruh pemblokiran yang sedang berlaku terhadap akun atau alamat IP mereka. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Citra yang dibangun menggunakan Toolforge dalam waktu dekat akan mendapatkan pembaruan versi ''buildpacks'' (kumpulan skrip dan konfigurasi untuk membangun aplikasi secara otomatis), yang menghadirkan dukungan bagi versi bahasa pemrograman yang lebih baru serta berbagai peningkatan dan perbaikan dari sumber pengembang utama (''upstream''). Jika menggunakan Toolforge Build Service, disarankan untuk meninjau surel terbaru dari [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ milis cloud-announce] dan memperbarui konfigurasi ''build'' sesuai kebutuhan, guna memastikan bahwa perkakas yang digunakan tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan tersebut. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * Wiki dokumentasi [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] akan ditutup pada Juni 2026. Kunci API yang dibuat melalui API Portal akan tetap berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Titik akhir api.wikimedia.org akan dihentikan secara bertahap mulai Juli 2026. Dokumentasi yang sebelumnya tersedia di API Portal sedang dipindahkan ke [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dipelajari melalui [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek]] yang tersedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] (inisiatif dari Wikimedia Deutschland yang berfokus pada pengembangan fitur berdasarkan kebutuhan teknis komunitas) tengah mempertimbangkan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|penamaan referensi yang dihasilkan secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Para pengguna dipersilakan untuk meninjau [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solusi yang diusulkan]] serta berpartisipasi dalam proses [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|permintaan tanggapan]] yang sedang berlangsung. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Maret 2026 16.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Versi Beta dari [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]], proyek baru Wikimedia yang tidak terikat dengan bahasa, telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. Proyek ini memungkinkan berbagai komunitas untuk menyusun artikel Wikipedia dalam bahasa asli mereka, yang kemudian dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pengguna lain dalam bahasa masing-masing. Wiki ini dijalankan melalui serangkaian instruksi dari Wikifunctions, dan didukung oleh konten terstruktur yang berasal dari Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang menjalankan uji A/B untuk mengevaluasi pesan yang lebih jelas dan ramah pengguna dalam mendorong pembuatan akun di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, ketika pengguna seluler yang belum masuk log mulai melakukan penyuntingan, mereka akan dihadapkan pada pesan peringatan yang terasa mendadak dan dapat mengurangi minat untuk melanjutkan kontribusi. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga menjadikan penyuntingan dengan akun sementara sebagai pilihan bawaan, alih-alih mendorong pengguna untuk membuat akun. Uji coba ini berlangsung di sepuluh Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Jerman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Apps'') mengundang Anda untuk memberi masukan mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|cara proses penyuntingan seharusnya bekerja di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia]]. Diskusi ini berfokus pada upaya meningkatkan cara pengguna mengakses berbagai alat penyuntingan saat mereka mengetuk tombol "Sunting". Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk mengarahkan para pembaca yang mulai tertarik menyunting agar dapat menemukan jalur yang lebih ramah pengguna ketika mereka mulai berkontribusi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:45}} {{PLURAL:45|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah ketika pengambilan sitasi dari arsip surat kabar besar [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] tidak lagi berfungsi, akibat adanya pemblokiran pada permintaan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]], kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Maret 2026 19.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 3 April 2026 17.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dilengkapi dengan fitur baru untuk penetapan tujuan kelompok, yang memungkinkan para penyelenggara menetapkan dan memantau target acara, seperti jumlah artikel yang dibuat dan jumlah kontributor yang berpartisipasi, secara langsung. Di sisi lain, para peserta juga dapat bergerak menuju target bersama dan melihat dampak kolektif yang dihasilkan seiring berlangsungnya acara. Fitur ini kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Pelajari lebih lanjut dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|dokumentasinya]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|label daftar pantauan]] yang baru (yang diumumkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Berita Teknis 2026-07]]) kini telah tersedia melalui VisualEditor, penyunting sumber, dan "''watchstar''" (pranala pantau). Sebelumnya, pemberian label hanya dapat dilakukan melalui [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. Kini, di ketiga tempat tersebut, tersedia kolom baru yang terletak setelah kolom masa kedaluwarsa. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada halaman pembicaraan di perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Parsoid, yang membuat halaman menjadi tidak dapat digunakan setelah munculnya tajuk bagian yang kosong, kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Fitur subreferensi]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan keterangan pada referensi yang sudah ada tanpa perlu membuatnya dua kali, akan diluncurkan secara bertahap ke [[phab:T414094|lebih banyak wiki]] pada akhir tahun ini. Wiki yang menggunakan gawai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] dianjurkan untuk memperbarui versinya (umumnya berada di [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] seperti ditunjukkan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 di sini]) guna menjaga kompatibilitas. Gawai lain yang berkaitan dengan referensi juga berpotensi terdampak. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * Seluruh edisi Wikinews dijadwalkan untuk ditutup dan dialihkan ke mode hanya-baca pada 4 Mei 2026. Meskipun seluruh konten tetap dapat diakses, tidak akan ada lagi penyuntingan atau penambahan artikel baru. Keputusan penutupan ini telah disetujui oleh Dewan Pengawas Wikimedia Foundation setelah melalui rangkaian diskusi yang panjang. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|API tindakan]] (''action API'') selama ini menyediakan berbagai format keluaran sesuai permintaan. Salah satunya, yaitu <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, akan segera dihentikan. Oleh karena itu, pastikan skrip atau bot yang Anda gunakan telah beralih ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|format JSON]]. Perubahan ini diperkirakan hanya akan berdampak pada sebagian kecil skrip dan bot. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * Halaman [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] kini juga memuat nama lain (alias) ruang nama. Sebagai contoh, "WP" digunakan sebagai alias untuk ruang nama "Project" ("Wikipedia") di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 April 2026 16.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting berpengalaman diundang untuk [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page menguji] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]], yang dirancang untuk membantu penyunting dengan pengalaman lebih terbatas dalam membuat artikel Wikipedia yang terstruktur dengan baik dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang berlaku. Petunjuk pengujian telah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|tersedia]] dan dapat diikuti sebagai panduan. Setelah meninjau [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance kerangka artikel] yang disediakan, mohon memberikan umpan balik melalui [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. Masukan tersebut akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan fitur ini sebelum kemudian diterapkan pada Wikipedia percontohan untuk diterjemahkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap komunitas. Sebuah [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] penjelasan mengenai fitur ini juga tersedia untuk disimak. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di sejumlah besar wiki, kini semua pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed users'') dapat menggunakan halaman [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|membuat halaman baru dengan model konten khusus]], seperti daftar pesan massal, sehingga format halaman tersuai menjadi lebih mudah diakses. Untuk mengetahui statusnya di wiki masing-masing, silakan periksa halaman [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') telah meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|eksperimen pembuatan akun]] untuk mengevaluasi apakah penambahan tombol pembuatan akun pada bagian kepala halaman versi web seluler dapat meningkatkan jumlah pendaftaran akun baru sekaligus mendorong lebih banyak pengguna seluler untuk berkontribusi di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, eksperimen tersebut sedang berlangsung di Wikipedia bahasa Hindi, Indonesia, Bengali, Thai, dan Ibrani, serta menyasar 10% pengguna web seluler yang belum masuk log. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kendala yang menyebabkan VisualEditor berhenti pada proses pemuatan di perangkat Windows ketika animasi dinonaktifkan, kini telah berhasil diatasi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir pekan ini, {{int:group-abusefilter}} yang telah mengaktifkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting di halaman [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]], menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten di berbagai jenis penyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Perkakas dan bot yang mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|API Notifications]] melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi> perlu memperbarui izin OAuth atau BotPassword mereka agar juga mencakup akses ke notifikasi privat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Karena adanya pembaruan pustaka, urutan daftar pada halaman kategori mungkin akan menjadi tidak berurutan mulai Senin, 20 April. Sebuah skrip migrasi akan dijalankan untuk memperbaikinya, dan proses ini dapat berlangsung dari beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari, tergantung pada ukuran wiki (bahkan hingga sekitar satu minggu untuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 April 2026 15.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah dua tahun pengembangan, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], akan diluncurkan dari tahap beta pada Selasa, 21 April. Fitur ini membawa peningkatan keterbacaan kode dan teks wiki, pengurangan kesalahan pengetikan, beserta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|manfaat]] lainnya bagi semua pengguna penyorot sintaks standar. Ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada sukarelawan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] yang telah mengembangkan banyak fitur baru, termasuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|pelipatan kode]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|pemeriksaan sintaks]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebuah pembaruan besar untuk aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS kini sedang diluncurkan, dengan antarmuka yang didesain ulang agar selaras dengan desain visual terbaru Apple, "Liquid Glass". Silakan [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 unduh versi terbaru] dan telusuri pembaruannya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Daftar bacaan]] merupakan fitur yang memungkinkan para pembaca menyimpan artikel ke dalam daftar untuk dibaca nanti. Fitur ini sedang dalam tahap beta di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Mandarin, serta secara bawaan untuk semua akun baru di semua Wikipedia. * Percobaan yang mengeksplorasi perluasan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Pratinjau Halaman ke versi seluler]] akan diluncurkan pada pekan tanggal 20 April di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, Polandia, dan Vietnam. Pratinjau Halaman merupakan jendela sembulan yang menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala untuk membuka artikel lengkap dari pranala berwarna biru, sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam menemukan konten. Fitur ini sudah tersedia di versi desktop dan aplikasi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Lihat selengkapnya mengenai uji coba ini dan uji coba lainnya]]. * Di beberapa wiki, para penyunting yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surel mereka]] sekarang dapat melihat spanduk yang meminta mereka untuk lakukan hal tersebut. Dengan memiliki alamat surel yang terkonfirmasi, pengguna dapat memulihkan akses ke akunnya jika akun tersebut tidak dapat diakses. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:15}} {{PLURAL:15|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pemuatan lambat, tampilan pratinjau yang lambat, dan guliran yang lambat saat menyunting halaman wiki berukuran sangat besar di editor teks wiki 2017, serta masalah kinerja saat memilih, memotong, atau menempelkan konten, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari upaya mempromosikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] dari status fitur beta, seluruh pengguna kini akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] alih-alih [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman konten berformat JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Layanan <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> yang selama ini digunakan oleh pengguna Debian dan Ubuntu akan dihentikan dan tidak lagi berfungsi mulai 15 Mei. Sumber daya yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk layanan ini akan dialihkan ke opsi baru yang dinilai lebih baik. Sejumlah pengguna mungkin perlu beralih ke peladen lain yang diperkirakan hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar satu menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia untuk dibaca]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * Tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> akan dihapus dari [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. Jika perkakas atau kueri yang digunakan masih mengakses tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> atau <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> secara langsung, disarankan untuk segera memperbaruinya agar menggunakan tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> sebelum 28 Mei. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Setelah penerapan terbaru mengenai pembatasan laju global API (''global API rate limits'') pada lalu lintas yang tidak teridentifikasi, Wikimedia Foundation akan melanjutkan upaya untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]] dengan mulai menerapkan pembatasan global juga pada lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi, dimulai pada pekan terakhir April. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin guna meminimalkan dampak terhadap komunitas. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan pada dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] serta bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] kini telah tersedia dalam versi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. API ini berfungsi untuk mengambil informasi yang diperlukan dalam memberikan atribusi (kredit) terhadap artikel dan berkas media Wikimedia di mana pun konten tersebut digunakan. Dokumentasi referensi tersedia melalui halaman spesial REST Sandbox yang dapat diakses di seluruh wiki Wikimedia (misalnya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]). Umpan balik dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 April 2026 15.00 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Terdapat perubahan dalam cara pengguna baru memperoleh status terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') yang bertujuan meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap vandalisme. Selama ini, pengguna yang telah memiliki akun selama beberapa hari dan melakukan sejumlah suntingan akan otomatis masuk ke dalam kelompok [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]]. Namun, pengaturan ini kerap dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian pelaku vandalisme yang membuat akun lalu baru menggunakannya setelah beberapa waktu. Untuk mengatasinya, aturan tersebut akan diperbarui mulai pekan depan. Dalam penentuan status terkonfirmasi otomatis, usia akun akan dihitung sejak suntingan pertama, bukan sejak tanggal pendaftaran. Nilai ambang usia tetap tidak berubah. Perubahan ini hanya akan diterapkan pada wiki yang menuntut sekurang-kurangnya satu suntingan sebagai bagian dari kriteria terkonfirmasi otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * Kini, seluruh pengguna Wikipedia dengan akun baru, serta mereka yang mengaktifkan opsi "Secara otomatis mengaktifkan sebagian besar fitur beta" dalam preferensi, dapat menggunakan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|daftar bacaan]] (''reading lists''). Fitur ini membantu mengelola minat membaca dalam satu tempat agar mudah diakses. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar pada kotak info (''infobox'') memiliki jarak kosong yang sangat besar di Firefox kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai pengingat, pembatasan laju global pada API (''rate limits'') akan mulai diterapkan pekan ini terhadap lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi. Langkah ini bertujuan menjaga [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|penggunaan infrastruktur tetap adil]]. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang disarankan mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk batasan yang berlaku, dapat dilihat pada dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] dan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 April 2026 18.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] mengundang para penyunting berpengalaman dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|Wikipedia percontohan]]: Arab, Bengali, Jepang, Portugis, Persia, Turki, Inggris Sederhana, Spanyol, dan Prancis, untuk turut membantu menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance contoh kerangka artikel]. Kerangka ini akan menjadi pedoman bagi para penyunting dalam menyusun artikel yang jelas, terstruktur dengan baik, dan sesuai dengan kebijakan, saat [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle fitur tersebut] resmi diluncurkan pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Petunjuk sederhana]] mengenai cara menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan kerangka tersebut juga telah disediakan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|rancangan rekomendasi]] mengenai model yang dapat diikuti oleh para organisasi afiliasi ketika berkontribusi di ranah teknis. Anggota komunitas diundang untuk memberikan umpan balik terhadap rekomendasi ini hingga 8 Mei melalui [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Jumlah pilihan ukuran keluku (''thumbnail'') di MediaWiki kini disederhanakan menjadi tiga opsi baku: Kecil (180 piksel), Sedang (250 piksel), dan Besar (400 piksel), sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kinerja serta mengurangi beban pada layanan keluku. Akibatnya, preferensi yang sudah ada akan dipetakan ke ukuran baru yang paling mendekati (misalnya, pilihan kecil seperti 120 piksel atau 150 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 180 piksel, sementara pilihan lebih besar seperti 300 piksel atau 360 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 400 piksel). Antarmuka preferensi akan segera diperbarui untuk mencerminkan perubahan ini. Pengguna yang ingin menonaktifkan atau memberikan umpan balik dipersilakan melakukannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * Mulai saat ini, bahkan ketika suatu hak akses berakhir secara otomatis, pengguna tetap akan menerima pemberitahuan melalui Echo yang serupa dengan pemberitahuan standar untuk perubahan hak akses. Hal ini berbeda dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|bot pengingat global]] yang mengingatkan pengguna satu minggu ''sebelum'' hak akses berakhir agar dapat diperpanjang. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada pemilih bahasa ULS di [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] yang sebelumnya dapat bergulir secara vertikal meskipun tidak diperlukan, kini telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, saat pengguna membuka menu tarik-turun "Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris" dan mengetikkan masukan tertentu, kotak dialog akan bergeser beberapa piksel ke bawah meskipun ruang tampilan masih mencukupi. Kini, menu tersebut tidak lagi bergeser secara tidak perlu saat menyaring bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami peningkatan. Sebagai contoh, daftar pantauan untuk situs berbasis Wikibase seperti [[:d:|Wikidata]] kini mendukung elemen [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] untuk pelacakan yang lebih baik. Mode pembaruan langsung kini menyegarkan halaman khusus setiap 60 detik agar selaras dengan pembatasan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|laju API global terbaru]], sehingga meningkatkan respons waktu nyata. Selain itu, kesalahan arah teks yang sebelumnya menampilkan pranala sebagai "perubahan 3" alih-alih "3 perubahan" dalam daftar dengan arah campuran juga telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tahap kedua penerapan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|pembatasan laju API global]] telah diluncurkan untuk mengurangi [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|dampak perayap kecerdasan buatan]] serta memastikan akses yang adil dan berkelanjutan terhadap sumber daya Wikimedia, dengan memprioritaskan lalu lintas manusia dan yang selaras dengan misi. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Batasan]] yang sebelumnya dihitung per jam kini diubah menjadi per menit, sehingga menghasilkan pola lalu lintas yang lebih halus dan beban API yang lebih terprediksi. Pengguna komunitas diperkirakan tidak akan terdampak, dan tidak ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan. Indikasi awal menunjukkan bahwa sebagian peminta berbasis User-Agent mulai menyesuaikan perilakunya, dan sekitar 64% lalu lintas API otomatis telah berhasil diidentifikasi. Pemantauan terus dilakukan, dan layanan Wikimedia Enterprise tetap tersedia untuk dukungan komersial. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Méi 2026 20.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas Teknis telah mempublikasikan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|panduan baru]] yang menjelaskan bagaimana keinginan pada Daftar Harapan Komunitas disaring dan diprioritaskan. Dokumentasi ini bertujuan untuk membantu kontributor baru dalam menulis proposal yang lebih baik dengan menjelaskan faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan prioritas. Selain hitungan suara, panduan ini menyorot pertimbangan seperti potensi dampak pada komunitas ketika menentukan keinginan yang akan diteruskan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca sedang meluncurkan pengujian untuk menakar [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|fitur Kartu Berbagi]] yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk membuat kartu yang menarik secara visual dari artikel Wikipedia atau bagian artikel yang dipilih dan membagikannya secara daring. Setiap kartu akan menautkan kembali ke artikel awal untuk meningkatkan pembaca dan penemuan artikel. Pengujian A/B hanya perangkat seluler akan tersedia pada beberapa pembaca di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tiongkok, Prancis, Vietnam, dan Inggris untuk memahami lebih lanjut tentang kebiasaan pembaca dan pembagian, dan akan dijadwalkan dimulai pada pekan 18 Mei dan berjalan selama empat minggu. * Aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dan iOS meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|tantangan membaca 25 hari]] ke fitur Beta sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan pembaca dengan mendorong pengguna menyelesaikan pencapaian bacaan. Untuk melacak rentetan bacaan mereka selama periode tantangan, pengguna aplikasi dapat menambahkan gawit Baby Globe pada layar utama mereka. Tantangan ini secara resmi dimulai pada 11 Mei. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:17}} {{PLURAL:17|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, masalah ketika pengaturan global untuk mengaktifkan penyorotan sintaks pada teks wiki dapat menonaktifkan dirinya sendiri secara tiba-tiba setelah diaktifkan, sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Perihal kelanjutan]] Modul ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, sudah dihentikan sejak [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], akan dihapus pekan ini. Terdapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|panduan untuk memigrasikannya dari UI MediaWiki ke Codex]] untuk perkakas apa pun yang menggunakannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Méi 2026 19.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Abstract Wikipedia telah mengidentifikasi lima wiki potensial untuk menilai ketertarikan mereka dalam mengadopsi artikel abstrak di wiki masing-masing. Wiki percontohan tersebut meliputi Wikipedia bahasa Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arab, dan Indonesia. Masa pemberian masukan akan dibuka hingga 22 Mei. Jika komunitas Anda tertarik menjadi bagian dari proyek uji coba ini, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|silakan beri tahu kami melalui Meta]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebuah uji coba untuk menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log di web seluler akan dimulai pada 18 Mei di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, serta Urdu, dan berlangsung selama satu bulan. Upaya ini mendukung tujuan yang lebih luas untuk membantu pembaca menyimpan dan mengatur artikel agar dapat dibaca kembali di lain waktu, sekaligus mendorong kebiasaan yang berpotensi mengarah pada kontribusi di Wikipedia pada masa mendatang. * Untuk mendukung tombol markah dalam fitur beta Daftar Bacaan, menu "Perkakas > Tindakan" kini diperbarui dengan tampilan ikon, termasuk penanda bintang pantauan yang membantu penyunting mengenali artikel yang dipantau sementara. Ikon-ikon tersebut kini juga disesuaikan dengan tampilan di perangkat seluler sehingga menciptakan konsistensi antarplatform yang lebih baik. Perubahan ini saat ini masih terbatas pada menu tindakan dan terutama memengaruhi penyunting dengan hak pengguna khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] telah dirilis sebagai sebuah [[w:en:A/B test|uji A/B]] bagi penyunting baru di situs web seluler pada [[phab:T421189|sekitar 15 Wikipedia]]. Eksperimen ini akan mengukur dampak Mode Saran terhadap persentase sesi penyuntingan pengguna baru di web seluler yang menghasilkan suntingan artikel yang konstruktif (''unreverted''). Selain itu, uji coba ini juga akan mengevaluasi pengaruh fitur tersebut terhadap tingkat retensi penyunting, serta memantau perubahan pada tingkat pengembalian suntingan (''revert'') dan pemblokiran pengguna. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang terkadang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat setelah membuka notifikasi daftar bacaan rekomendasi kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata]] telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|rekomendasi pengganti sistem sisi belakang]] beserta rancangan [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|arsitektur teknis]] untuk migrasi Layanan Kueri Wikidata (WDQS) dari grap Blazegraph. Masukan dibuka hingga 25 Mei 2026, terutama berkenaan dengan kemungkinan celah maupun dampaknya terhadap penggunaan tingkat lanjut. Anggota komunitas Wikidata dan pengguna WDQS juga didorong untuk membantu mengidentifikasi perkakas dan alur kerja berdampak tinggi yang mungkin memerlukan perhatian lebih pada [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|halaman terkait]]. Masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|halaman pembicaraan migrasi]] atau saat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|sesi pembicaraan berikutnya]]. Lihat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala tim WDP]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Jepang, dan beberapa bahasa lainnya, sempat dilakukan [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|uji coba penggunaan hCaptcha]], layanan pendeteksi bot pihak ketiga. Uji coba tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hCaptcha cukup efektif dalam mendeteksi dan menghambat sejumlah aktivitas otomatis yang dilakukan dengan niat buruk, baik secara langsung maupun dengan memberikan sinyal tambahan kepada [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|para pemeriksa dan penatalayan]] untuk melakukan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Karena hasilnya dinilai positif, hCaptcha akan diterapkan di seluruh wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|Lihat halaman proyek hCaptcha]] untuk informasi teknis mengenai implementasi dan perlindungan privasinya. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Kabar terbaru dari Teknis Komunitas kini telah tersedia, menampilkan perkembangan berbagai inisiatif Daftar Harapan Komunitas, termasuk perluasan fitur Daftar Bacaan dari aplikasi seluler ke situs web, dukungan bahasa baru untuk fitur "Siapa yang Menulisnya" ("''Who Wrote That''") dan Dasbor Pribadi, peningkatan pada perenderan 3D dan grafik, serta rencana pengembangan mendatang mengenai pengurutan halaman pembicaraan, pemutaran audio, dan alur penyuntingan. Pembaruan tersebut juga membagikan prioritas saat ini, tren status daftar harapan, serta peluang bagi komunitas untuk memberikan masukan mengenai fokus pengembangan di masa depan dan Rencana Tahunan Wikimedia Foundation 2026–2027. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Baca nawala lengkapnya untuk informasi lebih lanjut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18 Méi 2026 20.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|uji coba pembuatan akun berjalan dengan sukses]], pesan peringatan penyuntingan bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki Wikimedia pada minggu pertama Juni. Perubahan ini hanya akan memengaruhi pengguna yang belum masuk log di web seluler ketika mereka membuka sesi penyuntingan. Pengalaman baru tersebut dirancang untuk mendorong pembuatan akun dengan lebih jelas, sambil tetap memungkinkan pengguna menyunting menggunakan akun sementara. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pembuatan akun, dengan kenaikan relatif sebesar 27% pada pengguna yang melihat pesan terbaru tersebut. Seperti yang diperkirakan, semakin banyak pengguna yang diarahkan untuk membuat akun, jumlah akun sementara pun menurun sebesar 16% secara relatif. Percobaan ini tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan terhadap tingkat suntingan konstruktif atau metrik kontributor lain yang dipantau. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Demi alasan keamanan, anggota dari kelompok pengguna tertentu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Anggota dari kelompok tersebut tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan metode 2FA terakhir pada akun mereka, dan pengguna tanpa 2FA juga tidak dapat ditambahkan ke kelompok tersebut. Pengguna masih dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama setidaknya satu metode tetap aktif setiap saat. Dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok tersebut. Secara khusus, ketentuan ini berlaku juga bagi para birokrat. Jadwal penerapannya dapat dilihat pada tugas terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Tim Harapan Teknis Wikimedia Deutschland]] akan menjalankan [[w:en:A/B testing|uji A/B]] di [[:phab:T415904|10 wiki]] untuk menguji sejumlah kemungkinan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|Pratayang Referensi]]. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama sekitar dua minggu pada akhir Mei hingga awal Juni, dan akan memengaruhi 10% pembaca desktop di wiki yang berpartisipasi. * Setelah dua uji coba yang berhasil, tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penelusuran Gambar]] untuk seluruh Wikipedia versi seluler pada 25 Mei. Dengan demikian, pengguna yang mengaktifkan seluruh fitur beta secara bawaan akan mulai melihat fitur ini, sementara pengguna lain dapat mengaktifkannya melalui preferensi masing-masing. Fitur beta tersebut akan menampilkan karusel seluruh gambar dalam sebuah artikel di bagian atas halaman artikel, lengkap dengan [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|kendali bagi penyunting untuk mengecualikan gambar tertentu dari karusel artikel atau mengecualikan artikel sepenuhnya dari fitur ini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, berkas STL tiga dimensi sebelumnya ditampilkan secara tidak tepat oleh ekstensi penampil media (''media viewer'') 3D, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelas CSS lama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> telah digantikan oleh <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> karena kedua kelas lama tersebut tidak bekerja secara konsisten di seluruh platform MediaWiki, terutama pada web seluler dan aplikasi seluler. Proyek yang masih menggunakan kelas tersebut dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaannya dan mulai merencanakan migrasi. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> juga berpotensi tidak digunakan lagi di masa mendatang, meskipun saat ini belum ada rencana untuk melakukannya. [[phab:T426452|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Méi 2026 21.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Survey (proposed direction for Wishlist) == Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}. You are invited to voice your opinion on a new [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|community-proposed direction]] for the [[m:Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 29 Méi 2026 03.07 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:기나ㅏㄴ@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%E3%85%8F%E3%84%B4/MassMessage&oldid=30604233 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menjalankan sebuah eksperimen untuk menampilkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|daftar bacaan]], yang saat ini masih dalam tahap pengembangan, kepada pembaca seluler yang belum masuk log. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji apakah fitur tersebut dapat mendorong pembuatan akun dengan tingkat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tombol bintang pantauan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|Eksperimen ]]ini diluncurkan pada 18 Mei di wiki bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, dan Urdu, serta akan berlangsung selama satu bulan. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia telah merilis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Fase 1]] dari beranda yang telah didesain ulang pada aplikasi Android Beta. Beranda baru ini mencakup tab "Komunitas" yang diperbarui serta tab "Untuk Anda" yang dipersonalisasi, yang menampilkan rekomendasi bacaan yang diperbarui setiap hari. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan penemuan konten serta menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih menarik di aplikasi Wikipedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat pada beberapa suntingan yang disarankan di [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], sehingga keluku (''thumbnail'') terus berada dalam keadaan memuat, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Juni 2026 21.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Enterprise telah meningkatkan batas penggunaan gratis layanan API yang ditawarkannya. Batas permintaan bulanan untuk API Berdasarkan Permintaan (''On-Demand API'') meningkat dari 5.000 menjadi 50.000 permintaan, sedangkan batas untuk API Salinan Data (''Snapshot API'') meningkat dari 15 menjadi 30 permintaan per bulan. Selain itu, salinan data Konten Terstruktur (''Structured Contents snapshot'') kini juga tersedia bagi akun gratis. Perubahan ini memperluas akses terhadap data Wikimedia Enterprise bagi pengembang, peneliti, dan organisasi yang memanfaatkan konten Wikimedia. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Umpan Jelajah (''Explore Feed'') yang telah diperbarui]] dan kini bernama Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') mulai diluncurkan kepada 50% pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android. Umpan Beranda membantu pembaca menemukan konten yang relevan melalui dua tab baru, yaitu Komunitas (''Community'') dan Untuk Anda (''For You''). Tab Komunitas menyediakan aliran konten yang dapat digulir berisi materi pilihan dan pembaruan dari komunitas dan gerakan Wikimedia secara luas. Sementara itu, tab Untuk Anda menawarkan pengalaman layar penuh yang dapat dijelajahi dengan menggeser layar, menampilkan konten yang disesuaikan dengan minat pengguna. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan kemudahan menemukan informasi serta memperkaya pengalaman belajar di aplikasi Wikipedia. * Permainan kuis harian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Mana yang lebih dulu?]] (''Which came first?'') kini tersedia dalam versi beta aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. Permainan ini memanfaatkan peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah dari konten Wikipedia "Pada Hari Ini" dan menantang pembaca untuk menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu di antara dua pilihan yang diberikan. Sebelumnya, permainan ini telah dirilis untuk Android. Komunitas yang ingin menghadirkan permainan tersebut dalam bahasa mereka dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|membaca petunjuk dan persyaratan yang tersedia]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]], fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali referensi yang sama dengan penjelas yang berbeda, akan mulai diluncurkan ke wiki Wikimedia setelah sukses melewati tahap uji coba. Penerapan akan dimulai pada 8 Juni untuk sebagian besar [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|wiki Kelompok 1]] dan Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, kemudian diperluas ke edisi Wikipedia dalam bahasa lain selama beberapa bulan mendatang. Komunitas dianjurkan untuk melakukan persiapan dengan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate memeriksa apakah masih ada pesan ekstensi Cite yang belum diterjemahkan] ke dalam bahasa mereka, dan meninjau penggunaan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] yang mungkin memerlukan [[:phab:T416304#11668731|pembaruan]] agar mendukung fungsi baru tersebut. Wiki yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun. Komunitas juga dapat mempertimbangkan untuk membuat [[Special:TrackingCategories|kategori pelacakan]] ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' sebagai kategori tersembunyi menggunakan <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (atau templat khusus), lalu menghubungkannya dengan butir Wikidata yang sesuai, yaitu [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Eksperimen Pratayang Halaman (''Page Previews'')]] di Wikipedia versi web seluler telah berakhir. Tim memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas setelah hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa fitur ini tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap tingkat retensi pembaca, yang merupakan metrik keberhasilan utama. Pratayan Halaman, yang saat ini sudah tersedia pada versi desktop dan aplikasi, menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala menuju artikel lengkap ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Eksperimen ini menguji pengalaman tersebut pada versi web seluler di enam Wikipedia. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|Pustaka ikon antarmuka pengguna]] akan [[phab:T399175|diperbarui pada pekan ini atau pekan depan]]. Sebagian besar dari sekitar 300 ikon yang ada telah mengalami penyempurnaan kecil, dan sekitar 30 ikon baru telah ditambahkan. Perubahan ini bertujuan menjadikan ikon lebih konsisten, lebih mudah dipahami, serta memiliki keseimbangan visual yang lebih baik ketika digunakan secara berkelompok. * Antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Pemilih Bahasa Universal]] (''Universal Language Selector'' atau ULS) di MediaWiki, yang membantu pengguna memilih konten dalam bahasa lain, telah diperbarui. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kecepatan dan aksesibilitas. Pengguna proyek Wikimedia kini juga dapat menyematkan bahasa tertentu agar proses berpindah bahasa menjadi lebih cepat. Penerapan ke situs-situs Wikimedia akan dilakukan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu ke depan. Fitur ini sudah dapat diuji sebagai [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] melalui pengaturan preferensi profil, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada dasbor Pageviews Analysis di pageviews.wmcloud.org, yang menyebabkan data grafik berhenti diperbarui sejak Mei 2026 dan memengaruhi seluruh pengguna, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tanda tangan fungsi (''function signature'') untuk <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> kini telah disederhanakan. Pengembang sekarang dapat memberikan sebuah objek konfigurasi sebagai parameter, menggantikan daftar parameter posisi yang sebelumnya digunakan saat membuat pranala portlet. Format lama tetap didukung demi menjaga kompatibilitas dengan skrip yang sudah ada. Sebagai contoh, alih-alih menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi>, pengembang kini dapat menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Para pemelihara skrip dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> yang sudah ada dan memperbaruinya bila diperlukan. Perubahan ini akan tersedia di seluruh wiki mulai 11 Juni. Terima kasih kepada sukarelawan komunitas Gerges yang telah berkontribusi dalam pengembangan peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Diskusi Daftar Harapan Komunitas:''' Tim Produk dan Teknologi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|memperkenalkan sejumlah perubahan]] yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan kompleksitas usulan komunitas yang dapat diwujudkan, termasuk pembubaran tim Teknis Komunitas. Saat ini sedang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|berlangsung diskusi]] dengan anggota komunitas mengenai [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|arah baru yang diusulkan untuk program daftar harapan tersebut]]. Topik yang dibahas mencakup cara menyusun pemungutan suara tahunan, peningkatan pelacakan usulan, penghapusan fokus area tertentu, serta pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|penugasan staf]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juni 2026 21.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penjelajahan Gambar]] (''Image Browsing'') pada versi web seluler di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini menampilkan korsel gambar di bagian atas artikel yang memiliki tiga gambar atau lebih. Para penyunting dapat mengatur fitur ini melalui beberapa kontrol yang tersedia. Untuk menyembunyikan gambar tertentu dari suatu halaman, gunakan <code>class=notpageimage</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak ditampilkan dalam pratinjau keluku, atau gunakan <code>class=noviewer</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak tersedia di MediaViewer. Korsel gambar juga dapat dinonaktifkan sepenuhnya pada suatu halaman dengan menggunakan kata magis <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. Untuk memberikan masukan atau melaporkan galat, silakan kunjungi [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Tabel wiki]] (''wikitable'') kini dapat langsung [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|diurutkan dalam urutan menurun]] pada klik pertama dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> pada sel tajuk. Sebelumnya, secara bawaan, klik pertama pada tajuk kolom akan mengurutkan data dalam urutan menaik. Penambahan ini memberikan kendali dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar dalam pengaturan tabel, sementara perilaku bawaan untuk klik berikutnya tetap tidak berubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] (''Article guidance'') saat ini sedang diuji coba kepada sebagian penyunting yang membuat artikel baru di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki. Dalam waktu dekat, uji coba juga akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Arab dan Wikipedia bahasa Bengali. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|Fitur ini]] menyediakan panduan yang disusun dan dikurasi oleh komunitas untuk membantu penyunting membuat artikel yang sesuai dengan standar komunitas setempat. Para penyunting berpengalaman dapat terus membuat atau menyesuaikan kerangka artikel untuk jenis-jenis artikel tertentu yang umumnya dibuat oleh kontributor yang lebih baru. Kerangka tersebut berfungsi sebagai panduan agar penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman dapat menghasilkan artikel berkualitas tinggi. Panduan singkat mengenai markah yang digunakan dalam kerangka artikel tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|halaman ini]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Contoh kerangka]] yang dapat disesuaikan beserta petunjuk penyesuaiannya juga tersedia pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|bagian terkait]] di halaman proyek tersebut. * Wiki yang ingin mengganti tombol "indefinitely" pada halaman Special:Block untuk akun sementara (misalnya wiki yang hanya memblokir pengguna sementara hingga masa berlaku akun berakhir) kini dapat melakukannya dengan membuat halaman [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] dan menentukan durasi pemblokiran yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:41}} {{PLURAL:41|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir Juni, pengunduhan data arsip (''dump data'') secara otomatis dari situs dumps.wikimedia.org akan mewajibkan penggunaan untaian ''user-agent'' yang sahih. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan ''user-agent'' umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Kebijakan ini merupakan [[phab:T400119|perluasan dari penegakan]] [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] yang telah lama berlaku. Akses terhadap arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Cloud Services'') tidak akan mengalami perubahan. * Penerapan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|batas laju API]] global kini telah selesai sepenuhnya. Batas tersebut sudah diberlakukan pada seluruh API sesuai tingkat yang telah didokumentasikan untuk setiap kelompok pengguna. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge atau Wikimedia Cloud Services (WMCS), maupun bot yang memiliki hak pengguna bot pada wiki mana pun, tetap dikecualikan dari pembatasan ini. Seluruh bot tetap dianjurkan mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah didokumentasikan untuk menghindari pembatasan laju permintaan. * [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wiki Portal API] akan beralih ke mode hanya-baca mulai pekan ini (15–18 Juni). Pada pekan berikutnya (22–25 Juni), seluruh URL API Portal akan dialihkan ke dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs di mediaWiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek tersebut]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pada 17 Juni pukul 18.00 UTC, Wikimedia Foundation akan menyelenggarakan panggilan Discord yang berfokus pada proses tinjauan kode (''code review''). Berdasarkan hasil [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang]], banyak sukarelawan menyampaikan bahwa mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam proses tinjauan kode. Melalui diskusi ini, Wikimedia Foundation berharap dapat memahami pengalaman tersebut dan menemukan solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Siapa pun yang berminat dapat bergabung [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 melalui peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Konferensi Wikimedia Amerika Latin]] akan menyelenggarakan sebuah ''hackathon'' regional yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pengembang, pengurus sistem, ilmuwan data, dan pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan. Kontributor teknis yang berminat dapat [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform mengajukan beasiswa] partisipasi hingga 21 Juni pukul 00.00 waktu Bolivia (UTC−4). * Pendaftaran Tantangan Tim Wikimania kini telah dibuka. Kegiatan khusus ini akan berlangsung secara daring maupun luring pada 21–22 Juli, menjelang konferensi Wikimania. Semua orang dipersilakan untuk berpartisipasi, tanpa memandang tingkat keterampilan ataupun status pendaftaran Wikimania. Setiap tim akan bekerja sama menyelesaikan sepuluh tantangan penting yang mendukung komunitas Wikimedia. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|halaman Tantangan Tim]] dan [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ mendaftar di sana]. Pendaftaran akan ditutup pada 20 Juni pukul 23.00 UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Juni 2026 16.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]] [[phab:T418115|kini telah tersedia di Wikidata]]. Pembaruan ini memungkinkan akses ke fitur Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|jika telah diatur]]), modul Dampak, Panel Bantuan, dan Beranda Pendatang Baru yang disederhanakan (tanpa fitur Suntingan yang Disarankan). Para pengurus Wikidata saat ini masih mengatur fitur-fitur tersebut melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman khusus [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] telah dibuat. Halaman ini memungkinkan pengguna menemukan rentang alamat IP tanpa perlu mengandalkan perkakas eksternal. Sebelumnya, perkakas ini hanya tersedia bagi pengguna dengan hak Pemeriksa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]] merupakan fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali suatu rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda-beda. Fitur ini akan diterapkan pada sebagian besar Wikipedia bahasa berukuran kecil dan menengah pada 23 Juni. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|Halaman Tanya Jawab]] (FAQ) memuat berbagai langkah yang dapat dilakukan di wiki Anda untuk mendukung penerapan tersebut. [[:phab:T414094|Rencana peluncuran]] juga tersedia untuk melihat tahapan penerapan berikutnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Mulai pekan depan, pengguna akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika mereka diblokir atau dicabut pemblokirannya dari penyuntingan, atau apabila terdapat perubahan terhadap pemblokiran tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan depan, penyaring penyalahgunaan yang diatur untuk "memerlukan verifikasi CAPTCHA" juga akan berlaku bagi pengguna yang memiliki hak <code>skipcaptcha</code>, termasuk sebagian besar pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi secara otomatis (''autoconfirmed''). Bot dikecualikan dari perubahan ini. Perubahan tersebut hanya memengaruhi suntingan yang memicu suatu penyaring penyalahgunaan. Hak <code>skipcaptcha</code> tetap akan membebaskan pengguna dari keharusan menyelesaikan CAPTCHA dalam penggunaan wiki sehari-hari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Dokumentasi rujukan untuk [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] telah dipindahkan dari Portal API ke [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox] yang bersifat interaktif. * Wiki Portal API kini telah ditutup. Untuk dokumentasi API, silakan merujuk ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|API Wikimedia di MediaWiki]]. Seluruh URL wiki Portal API (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) akan dialihkan ke halaman mediawiki.org mulai 22 Juni. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Bergabunglah dalam pertemuan daring pada 25 Juni pukul 14.30 UTC untuk berkenalan dengan para pemagang Wikimedia saat ini dalam program [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] dan [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Para peserta magang akan memberikan gambaran umum mengenai proyek yang mereka kerjakan dan pemaparan singkat tentang hasil pekerjaan mereka sejauh ini. Para peserta yang hadir juga didorong untuk [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|berbagi gagasan dan menjalin koneksi dengan komunitas masing-masing]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 13.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Eksperimen Pembuatan Akun]], tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') menguji penambahan ikon akun pengguna pada tajuk versi web seluler bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log. Ikon tersebut menyediakan akses langsung ke opsi "Buat akun" dan "Masuk log". Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ini meningkatkan pembuatan akun sekitar 20% tanpa berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas suntingan atau tingkat suntingan yang bersifat konstruktif. Fitur ini akan mulai diterapkan di seluruh wiki Wikimedia Foundation pada versi web seluler pada minggu pertama bulan Juli. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * Setelah melalui [[phab:T426248|uji coba yang berhasil]], pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surelnya]] saat akun dibuat kini akan melihat sebuah spanduk baru yang mengingatkan mereka untuk menyelesaikan proses tersebut. Langkah ini membantu mengurangi risiko pengguna kehilangan akses ke akun mereka, dan meningkatkan keandalan alamat surel yang terhubung dengan akun. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * Pembaruan pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] menyempurnakan cara kerja <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> ketika digunakan untuk mengecualikan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> dengan negasi dapat secara tidak sengaja memperluas hasil pencarian dengan menambahkan ruang nama yang termasuk dalam cakupan pencarian, sehingga perilakunya membingungkan bagi pengguna yang mengharapkan penyaring pengecualian yang sederhana. Melalui pembaruan ini, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> kini hanya akan mengecualikan judul halaman yang sesuai sebagaimana mestinya, dan dapat menampilkan peringatan apabila ruang nama yang relevan belum dipilih secara eksplisit. Sementara itu, perilaku <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> tanpa negasi tetap tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan peninjau yang menggunakan bilah alat Kurasi Halaman (''Page Curation'') tidak secara otomatis berlangganan diskusi halaman pembicaraan yang mereka mulai kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, peninjau akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika seseorang membalas diskusi tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 29 Juni, unduhan otomatis dari situs web dumps.wikimedia.org akan mengikuti [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan agen pengguna]]. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan agen pengguna umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Akses ke arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia tidak akan terpengaruh. Perubahan ini merupakan tindak lanjut dari pengumuman yang disampaikan pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Berita Teknis edisi 2026/25]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juni 2026 11.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada bilah pencarian di Wikidata yang sebelumnya menampilkan hasil dalam bahasa Inggris alih-alih menggunakan bahasa kedua yang sesuai bagi pengguna varian bahasa kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, saran pencarian akan mengikuti rantai bahasa kedua yang diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai persiapan menuju [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|kampanye Celebrate Women]] yang direncanakan berlangsung pada Maret 2027, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|tim Pemberdayaan Konten]] dari Wikimedia Foundation meluncurkan survei yang terdiri atas 22 pertanyaan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai kontribusi teknis yang dilakukan oleh perempuan+ (siapa pun yang mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai perempuan) di berbagai proyek Wikimedia. Survei ini membutuhkan waktu sekitar 15–20 menit untuk diselesaikan dan akan tetap dibuka hingga 20 Juli 2026. Seluruh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|pertanyaannya]] juga telah tersedia di wiki sehingga dapat ditinjau terlebih dahulu. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Ekstensi Score]] kini mendukung penyajian partitur musik dalam format gambar SVG selain PNG. Pembaruan ini menjawab [[:phab:T49578|permintaan fitur]] yang telah lama diajukan, sekaligus mengatasi masalah kualitas gambar yang selama ini terjadi. Kedua format tersebut kini akan dikirimkan kepada pengguna: format PNG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> dan SVG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi>. * Pengurai [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] yang baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|terus diterapkan ke wiki lainnya]] untuk mempermudah pengenalan berbagai fitur baru dalam membaca dan menyunting. Pengurai ini kini telah diaktifkan di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, sehingga cakupan penerapannya telah mencapai 78,9% dari seluruh tampilan halaman Wikipedia. Penerapan pada Wikipedia bahasa Inggris versi desktop akan terus berlanjut sepanjang pekan ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|Tulisan rangkuman]] mengenai Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 kini telah diterbitkan. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai proyek, sesi, dan kegiatan sosial yang berlangsung selama acara tahun ini, dan membagikan rencana awal penyelenggaraan Wikimedia Hackathon 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Juli 2026 13.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revisi Nada]] (''Revise Tone'') membantu pengguna baru mengenali bagian-bagian dalam artikel Wikipedia yang mungkin menggunakan bahasa yang kurang sesuai dengan gaya ensiklopedis, sekaligus mengajaknya untuk mempertimbangkan penyuntingan ulang agar nada tulisannya lebih tepat. Fitur ini telah diuji melalui [[w:en:A/B_testing|pengujian A/B]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penyelesaian tugas oleh pengguna baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|meningkat sebesar 38,7%]] dibandingkan dengan tugas penyuntingan teks bawaan, tanpa penurunan kualitas suntingan. Uji coba tersebut berakhir pada 9 Juli, dan kini fitur ini tersedia bagi semua pengguna di wiki-wiki tersebut, dan dapat diatur melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. Selanjutnya, fitur ini [[phab:T426364|direncanakan]] akan diluncurkan ke lebih banyak wiki. * Konfigurasi komunitas yang memungkinkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|pembimbing tidak aktif dihapus secara otomatis]] berdasarkan kriteria yang dapat disesuaikan akan mulai diaktifkan pada hari Kamis, 16 Juli, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|di sejumlah wiki]] agar daftar pembimbing tetap mutakhir. Pembimbing merupakan kontributor berpengalaman yang secara sukarela mendaftarkan diri untuk membantu pengguna baru di wiki melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]]. Pengurus kini dapat menyiapkan pengaturannya melalui [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]. Pengaturan tersebut akan mulai berlaku pada hari Kamis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:38}} {{PLURAL:38|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android langsung keluar log sesaat setelah masuk log (''login'') sehingga mereka tidak dapat tetap masuk log dan menyunting halaman, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Penyuntingan halaman menggunakan skrip pengguna atau gawai sebelumnya menyebabkan label daftar pantauan yang telah ditetapkan pengguna pada halaman tersebut kembali ke kondisi awal. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * Sebagai solusi sementara untuk mengatasi bug pada Safari (lihat [[phab:T425211]]), pada wiki yang telah mengaktifkan Parsoid, atribut href pada pranala wiki kini menggunakan URL absolut, alih-alih URL relatif terhadap protokol (''protocol-relative URL''). Keluaran REST API tidak mengalami perubahan dan tetap menggunakan URL relatif terhadap protokol. Oleh karena itu, gawai, skrip pengguna, bot, atau CSS mungkin perlu disesuaikan apabila sebelumnya bergantung pada penggunaan URL relatif terhadap protokol dalam atribut href pada pranala wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Platform Eksperimen (''Experiment Platform Team'') dari Wikimedia Foundation telah menerbitkan sebuah tulisan di blog yang merenungkan tahun pertama pelaksanaan uji coba terstruktur mereka. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai eksperimen yang berhasil, seperti Pemeriksaan Tempel, Pemeriksaan Referensi, dan Pemeriksaan Nada Bahasa, yang terbukti meningkatkan hasil penyuntingan dan kini telah diluncurkan kepada lebih banyak pengguna. Selain itu, tulisan tersebut juga membahas sejumlah eksperimen yang pada akhirnya tidak menghasilkan perubahan terhadap produk. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Juli 2026 16.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah menindaklanjuti berbagai masukan dari komunitas mengenai penempatan tombol bintang pantauan (''watchstar'') dan daftar pantauan (''watchlist'') pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|fitur beta Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''). Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca di lain waktu dan merupakan salah satu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|usulan dalam daftar harapan pengembangan]] agar fungsi tersebut tersedia di antarmuka web. Para penyunting diundang untuk mengaktifkan fitur beta ini, mencobanya, dan [[phab:T426453|menyampaikan tanggapan maupun masukan mereka]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] menghadirkan saran penyuntingan di dalam VisualEditor untuk membantu meningkatkan kualitas artikel Wikipedia. [[Special:EditChecks|Seluruh saran]] yang ditampilkan dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|dikonfigurasi oleh komunitas]]. Salah satu fiturnya, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]], memungkinkan para sukarelawan membuat saran lokal yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan wiki masing-masing. Fitur ini bekerja dengan mencari pola teks tertentu di dalam artikel, dan kini telah mendukung penggunaan ekspresi reguler. Dukungan tersebut memberikan ketelitian dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar bagi para sukarelawan dalam menentukan jenis saran lokal yang ingin dibuat. Perlu diketahui bahwa saran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|dapat disasar]] berdasarkan jumlah suntingan penyunting atau berbagai karakteristik lain dari halaman yang sedang disunting. Sebagai referensi, tersedia pula [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|berbagai contoh dari komunitas lain]], termasuk TextMatch yang dapat mendeteksi kesalahan ketik, kesalahan tata bahasa, potensi konten promosi, penggunaan ungkapan klise, kesalahan penggunaan tanda pisah atau tanda hubung, kata-kata penunjuk waktu yang tidak spesifik, nama yang sudah tidak lagi digunakan, dan lain-lain. Segala bentuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|masukan]] sangat diharapkan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada perkakas Penerjemah SVG (''SVG Translate''), yang sebelumnya menggunakan versi berkas yang sudah usang. Akibatnya, terjemahan yang sudah ada dapat tertimpa saat terjemahan baru diunggah. Masalah tersebut [[phab:T430577|kini telah diperbaiki]]. Secara keseluruhan, sepanjang triwulan April–Juni 2026, Wikimedia Foundation telah menyelesaikan sekitar 337 tugas yang diajukan oleh komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada wiki yang telah menggunakan Parsoid, kini jumlah gambar yang dapat dihasilkan dalam satu halaman akan dibatasi hingga 1.250 gambar. Kategori pelacakan baru bernama "media-limit-reached" akan segera tersedia untuk membantu mengidentifikasi halaman yang mencapai batas tersebut. Dengan adanya kategori ini, halaman yang keluaran medianya mungkin dibatasi selama proses render akan lebih mudah ditemukan. Lihat [[phab:T430854]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk menyampaikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2026 05.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Penerjemahan Konten]] (''Content Translation''), kini mendukung mode gelap. Pembaruan ini memenuhi salah satu [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|permintaan dari Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] dan membuat perkakas tersebut selaras dengan fitur aksesibilitas yang telah tersedia pada kulit Vector 2022 dan Minerva. Dengan dukungan ini, pengguna yang menerjemahkan konten dapat mengurangi kelelahan visual saat menggunakan perkakas tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * Mode sumber pada DiscussionTools dan penyunting teks wiki 2017 kini akan menyediakan fitur pelengkapan otomatis untuk pranala (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templat (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), tag HTML dan pengurai (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), dan kata magis (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>). Fitur ini membuat proses penyisipan pranala, templat, dan elemen markah wiki lainnya menjadi lebih cepat dan mudah ketika melakukan penyuntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah menyelesaikan eksperimennya mengenai pratinjau halaman pada perangkat seluler (''mobile page previews'') dan memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas. Pratinjau Halaman (''Page Previews'') merupakan lembar tersembul di bagian bawah layar yang muncul ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Fitur ini menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka artikel, dan opsi untuk membuka artikel tersebut. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan tingkat retensi yang relatif datar dan metrik indikator yang negatif. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembaca Wikipedia melalui web seluler lebih memilih berpindah langsung ke artikel yang ditautkan daripada menggunakan pratinjau halaman. * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca memperoleh hasil awal yang menjanjikan dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|fitur Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''), dengan 93% pengguna yang berpartisipasi melaporkan bahwa fitur tersebut bermanfaat. Fitur ini membantu pembaca aktif menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca kembali di masa mendatang dan mendukung tujuan pembelajaran mereka dalam proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Tim tersebut berencana melakukan peningkatan lebih lanjut sebelum memperluas penggunaan fitur ini kepada lebih banyak pengguna. * Inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Penyegaran Jelajah Umpan]] (''Explore Feed Refresh'') telah diuji coba kepada pembaca baru dan pembaca kasual aplikasi Wikipedia. Tampilan umpan yang diperbarui ini membantu pembaca menemukan artikel baru yang relevan dengan lebih mudah. Setelah fitur tersebut menghasilkan peningkatan interaksi sebesar 10,5% pada penggunaan umpan, tim Aplikasi Wikimedia memutuskan untuk menerapkan desain ulang Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') pada perangkat iOS, dengan memanfaatkan pembelajaran dari peluncuran versi Android. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada fitur Panduan Artikel yang menyebabkan nama subjek ditampilkan dengan penggunaan huruf kapital yang keliru di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis kini telah diperbaiki. Nama subjek tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan sesuai dengan aturan kapitalisasi yang berlaku dalam bahasa terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah melakukan serangkaian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Uji Coba Pembuatan Akun]] untuk meningkatkan persentase pengguna yang berhasil menyelesaikan proses registrasi, versi terbaru kolom nama pengguna pada halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Buat Akun]] kini telah diterapkan. Versi terbaru ini menambahkan jendela sembul yang berisi [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|ringkasan kebijakan nama pengguna]], sehingga pengguna memperoleh panduan yang lebih jelas saat membuat akun. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, pesan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> yang telah dikonfigurasi oleh beberapa komunitas tidak akan digunakan lagi. Jika komunitas ingin menyesuaikan panduan yang ditampilkan pada dialog sembul baru tersebut, mereka dapat menyunting halaman pesan-pesan berikut: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaks CodeMirror]] akan menyediakan pilihan tema. Tema tersebut dapat dipilih melalui menu tarik-turun pada dialog [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|pengaturan lengkap CodeMirror]]. Untuk teks wiki, tema yang tersedia adalah: ''default'' (tampilan standar), ''colorblind-friendly'' (ramah bagi pengguna dengan buta warna; sebelumnya merupakan opsi preferensi buta warna pada [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]), dan ''no-highlighting'' (tanpa penyorotan sintaks). Untuk bahasa pemrograman seperti CSS, JavaScript, JSON, Vue, dan Lua, tersedia beberapa pilihan tema lainnya. Tema-tema yang sama nantinya juga akan tersedia untuk teks wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * Mulai sekarang, wiki dapat membatasi penyuntingan pada ruang nama "Pengguna" hanya kepada pemilik halaman tersebut dan kelompok pengguna tertentu. Silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|membaca dokumentasi konfigurasi]] untuk mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Juli 2026 18.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah mengembangkan sebuah ''[https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo]'' yang mengatur agar bilah perkakas halaman ditampilkan dalam dua baris ketika ruang horizontal tidak mencukupi untuk menampung seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini bertujuan mengurangi kesan sesak pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi di beberapa Wikipedia dalam berbagai bahasa pada lebar layar tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca berencana meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|salah satu usulan dalam Daftar Harapan Komunitas]], sebagai fitur penuh pada bulan September. Saat ini, fitur tersebut sudah dapat dicoba melalui versi beta. Menjelang peluncurannya, dibutuhkan bantuan para penerjemah sukarelawan untuk menerjemahkan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate pesan-pesan antarmuka] ke berbagai bahasa. Fitur ini dirancang untuk mendukung kegiatan membaca sekaligus membantu pengguna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran mereka di Wikipedia. * Mulai pekan depan, daftar isi pada halaman berkas di Wikimedia Commons akan disempurnakan dengan menggabungkan daftar isi khusus halaman berkas ke dalam daftar isi utama halaman. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan pengguna memahami struktur halaman berkas, berpindah ke bagian tertentu dengan lebih mudah, dan membagikan pranala yang langsung mengarah ke bagian yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian gambar berformat [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] gagal dimuat setelah keluku (''thumbnail'') diklik, sehingga yang tampil hanyalah gambar rusak, bukan gambar berukuran penuh, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pemilih variabel dan fungsi pada AbuseFilter kini telah diperbarui dengan dukungan pencarian dan pelengkapan otomatis (''autocomplete''). Pembaruan ini memungkinkan para pengelola penyaring menemukan variabel atau fungsi yang diinginkan dengan lebih cepat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * Format video MJPEG dan VP8 telah dihapus dari pemutar video. Sebagai penggantinya, kini ditambahkan dukungan untuk format MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 2) yang mampu menyajikan video dengan kualitas lebih baik pada perangkat iPhone generasi lama. Proses pembaruan terhadap seluruh video yang sudah ada akan dilakukan secara bertahap dan diperkirakan memerlukan waktu beberapa pekan hingga semuanya selesai diperbarui. Sementara itu, format bawaan yang digunakan untuk perangkat modern tetap tidak berubah, yaitu VP9/WebM. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Agustus 2026 19.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kini [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|tersedia ChartWizard baru di Wikimedia Commons]] bagi pengguna yang ingin membuat bagan dari data mereka sendiri. Fitur ini membuat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|ekstensi Chart]] lebih ramah bagi pemula karena memungkinkan penyunting membuat berbagai jenis bagan, seperti bagan batang dan bagan pai, tanpa perlu menulis kode JSON. Bagi pengguna yang lebih memilih cara tersebut, tersedia pula opsi untuk beralih ke penyunting JSON kapan saja. Masukan dan tanggapan mengenai perkakas baru ini sangat diharapkan melalui [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|halaman pembicaraan usulan terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Salah satu contohnya adalah perbaikan pada gawit Gambar Pilihan Hari Ini di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS. Sebelumnya, gawit tersebut menampilkan gambar yang sama setiap hari alih-alih memperbaruinya secara harian. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gambar SVG untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|rumus matematika]] tidak lama lagi akan dihasilkan secara langsung di sisi peramban, bukan lagi di sisi peladen. Sementara itu, MathML akan tetap dibuat di peladen dan ditampilkan di peramban tanpa memerlukan JavaScript. Perubahan ini akan mulai diterapkan di Wikibooks pada 12 Agustus, di Wikisource pada 19 Agustus, dan di Wikipedia secara bertahap antara 20–27 Agustus. Anda dapat mencobanya lebih awal dengan memilih opsi "Penerapan MathJax di sisi klien" ("''Client side MathJax rendering''") di preferensi. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|penghentian penggunaan RESTBase]] dan [[phab:T431372|Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Halaman kategori akan segera mendukung pengurutan entri berdasarkan waktu saat halaman tersebut ditambahkan ke dalam kategori. Fitur ini akan mempermudah penyunting menemukan halaman yang baru saja dikategorikan maupun yang telah lama berada dalam kategori tersebut. Selain itu, alur kerja untuk kategori pemeliharaan, seperti daftar tunggu penghapusan dan berbagai tugas peninjauan yang bergantung pada urutan waktu, juga akan menjadi lebih efisien. Untuk menggunakan fitur ini, tambahkan argumen URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> pada tampilan kategori agar daftar diurutkan berdasarkan stempel waktu penambahannya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gawai]] dan skrip pengguna di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat memanfaatkan [[phab:T395347|fitur-fitur ES2018]] dan [[phab:T419142|ES2019]] dalam kode JavaScript. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2017. MediaWiki akan tetap memvalidasi kode sumber untuk melindungi fungsionalitas dari kesalahan sintaksis dan memastikan bahwa skrip tetap berjalan dengan baik di seluruh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|peramban yang didukung]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Agustus 2026 20.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Fitur Daftar Kerja]] perkakas Pendaftaran Acara kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Dengan fitur ini, penyelenggara acara dapat menambahkan artikel-artikel yang akan menjadi fokus acara mereka langsung ke halaman acara. Daftar Kerja juga menjadi dasar bagi fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Jalur Acara]], yang akan memberi tahu kontributor lain mengenai acara yang akan berlangsung atau sedang berlangsung ketika mereka menyunting artikel yang tercantum dalam Daftar Kerja acara tersebut. Ini merupakan versi minimum yang layak digunakan (MVP), sehingga masukan dari pengguna sangat diharapkan. Para penyelenggara dianjurkan untuk mencoba fitur ini. Pelatihan praktik [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Lokakarya Penyiapan Daftar Kerja]] akan diselenggarakan pada 18 Agustus pukul 16.00 UTC dan 19 Agustus pukul 11.00 UTC. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] menampilkan halaman-halaman pendek berdasarkan ukurannya. Namun, dalam banyak kasus, halaman tersebut dipenuhi halaman disambiguasi dan pengalihan lunak sehingga artikel-artikel pendek yang sebenarnya menjadi lebih sulit ditemukan. Mulai akhir pekan ini, Anda dapat memilih untuk tidak memasukkan suatu artikel ke halaman khusus tersebut dengan menambahkan kata magis <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * Telah dirilis sebuah wiki baru: {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/id}} dalam [[d:Q3436680|bahasa Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Mulai pekan 17 Agustus, bilah perkakas halaman akan ditampilkan dalam dua baris apabila ruang horizontal yang tersedia tidak mencukupi untuk menampilkan seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini merupakan tambalan yang telah [[phab:T429518|sepenuhnya digabungkan dari tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] dan bertujuan mengurangi kepadatan pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi pada beberapa Wikipedia dalam bahasa tertentu pada lebar layar tertentu. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:16}} {{PLURAL:16|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, pengunggahan berkas berukuran besar ke Wikimedia Commons kini menjadi lebih stabil dan lebih jarang mengalami kegagalan setelah sejumlah perbaikan dilakukan terhadap galat pengunggahan "''Could not acquire lock''". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Dukungan Jangka Panjang (''Long Term Support'') Debian Bullseye akan berakhir pada 31 Agustus 2026. [[phab:T434103|Sejumlah proyek Cloud VPS]] masih memiliki instans yang menjalankan Debian Bullseye. Pengelola proyek-proyek tersebut dianjurkan untuk bermigrasi ke Debian Bookworm atau Debian Trixie. Tersedia [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|panduan migrasi]] untuk membantu proses tersebut. Pengguna juga dapat mempertimbangkan apakah beban kerja mereka lebih sesuai dijalankan di Toolforge. Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan atau tidak dapat menyelesaikan migrasi sebelum 31 Agustus, silakan hubungi pengurus Cloud VPS sesegera mungkin. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17 Agustus 2026 21.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Istimewa:Buat akun]] telah disederhanakan sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk memodernisasi pengalaman pembuatan akun. Panel yang menampilkan statistik proyek kini tidak lagi muncul di samping formulir, baik pada tampilan web desktop maupun seluler. Berbagai eksperimen pembuatan akun menunjukkan bahwa formulir yang lebih sederhana membantu pendatang baru menyelesaikan proses pendaftaran. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * Untuk meningkatkan kinerja halaman, gambar kini dimuat ketika gambar tersebut ditampilkan atau dilihat oleh pembaca. Dengan demikian, gambar yang berada lebih jauh di bagian bawah suatu artikel tidak akan dimuat apabila pembaca tidak pernah menggulir hingga ke bagian tersebut. Perubahan ini dapat memengaruhi sejumlah metrik yang berkaitan dengan gambar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:42}} {{PLURAL:42|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya adalah masalah yang menyebabkan keluku pada Wikipedia Abstrak tidak dapat ditampilkan setelah berkas terkait dipindahkan di Wikimedia Commons. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. Keluku akan diperbarui dengan benar ketika berkas dipindahkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kartu Informasi Pengguna adalah fitur yang membantu para pengawas melihat informasi mengenai akun pengguna. Selama ini, fitur tersebut hanya tersedia di tempat-tempat seperti riwayat halaman, log, dan perubahan terbaru. Kini, kartu tersebut juga dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|ditempatkan di dalam isi halaman]] dengan menggunakan fungsi pengurai <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi>. Fitur ini dapat sangat berguna pada templat seperti [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] atau varian khususnya, karena akan memudahkan pengguna melihat konteks mengenai suatu akun pada berbagai halaman papan pengumuman. Kartu tersebut hanya akan ditampilkan kepada pengguna yang telah mengaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferensi mereka]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Karena adanya risiko terhadap keamanan dan privasi pengguna, akses ke URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> telah dinonaktifkan apabila URL tersebut secara khusus digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Jika Anda terdampak oleh perubahan ini, pertimbangkan apakah Anda dapat menggunakan pendekatan lain. URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> tetap dapat diakses dan digunakan tanpa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. URL halaman pengguna tertentu, misalnya <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>, juga tetap dapat digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan, perangkat lunak untuk membuat keluku telah ditingkatkan. Pembaruan ini mencakup peningkatan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 2.60 dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 7, serta penyelesaian sejumlah masalah lama dalam pembuatan keluku, seperti galat dalam proses perenderannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Agustus 2026 20.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Format baru Daftar Harapan Komunitas kini telah dibuka untuk mendapatkan masukan. Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|membaca gagasan-gagasan yang diusulkan di Meta]]. Proses baru ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan cara harapan komunitas diseleksi dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan prioritas, dipungut suaranya, dan ditetapkan prioritas pengerjaannya, dengan cara yang transparan dan seimbang di berbagai kelompok proyek dan edisi bahasa. Konsultasi ini dibuka selama dua pekan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Rilis terbaru aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android mencakup pembaruan pada fitur Tersimpan, sehingga pengalaman menyimpan artikel di aplikasi kini lebih mendekati pengalaman di aplikasi iOS dan Web. Pembaruan ini mendesain ulang tab Tersimpan dengan tampilan "Semua artikel", menghapus daftar bacaan "Tersimpan" yang sebelumnya tersedia secara bawaan, mengganti nama daftar bacaan menjadi "Koleksi", dan memodernisasi pengalaman menyimpan artikel. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] telah diaktifkan untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log pada Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Tionghoa, Ceko, dan Vietnam pada 25 Agustus, setelah tersedia sebagai fitur beta selama beberapa bulan. Fitur ini akan tersedia untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, dan Indonesia pada 1 September, kemudian di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada 14 September, dan di seluruh wiki Wikipedia lainnya pada 28 September. * Pada akhir bulan ini, sebagian pembaca yang belum masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Persia, Inggris, dan Polandia, yang menggunakan kulit Minerva pada perangkat seluler, akan melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|bilah navigasi yang diperbarui]] dalam sebuah [[w:A/B test|uji A/B]]. Pengujian ini akan membandingkan bilah navigasi saat ini dengan versi baru yang dirancang agar pembaca dapat menemukan informasi dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui apakah perubahan tersebut mendorong pembaca untuk lebih sering kembali. Eksperimen ini tidak akan mengubah pengalaman pengguna yang telah masuk log dan/atau para penyunting. * Para penyunting yang mengelola pengalihan, templat, dan kategori yang digunakan pada halaman pengalihan kini memiliki cara yang lebih baik untuk menemukan dan mengelola pengalihan. Sebelumnya, halaman pengalihan tidak dapat dicari. Dua kata kunci pencarian baru, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, kini memungkinkan pengalihan dicari secara langsung dan dapat digabungkan dengan kata kunci yang sudah ada, seperti <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * Perangkat pencarian ISBN yang digunakan untuk membuat sitasi baru-baru ini tidak berfungsi karena terdapat masalah pada layanan eksternal. Para pengembang sedang mengupayakan solusinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pencarian halaman berdasarkan kategori menggunakan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> tidak memberikan hasil atau justru memberikan hasil yang tidak berkaitan kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Domain URL untuk keluku berubah dari upload.wikimedia.org menjadi thumb.wikimedia.org. URL lama masih dapat digunakan untuk beberapa waktu ke depan, tetapi MediaWiki akan menggunakan domain baru tersebut dalam URL yang ditampilkannya. URL untuk jenis media lainnya, seperti berkas, video, dan hasil transkode asli, tetap akan disajikan melalui upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] kini telah berstatus usang. Titik akhir API tersebut akan dihentikan sepenuhnya pada akhir September 2026. Para pengembang yang menggunakan titik akhir ini harus beralih ke solusi perenderan matematika alternatif, seperti [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] atau [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax] bawaan. Instalasi MediaWiki pihak ketiga yang menggunakan ekstensi Math untuk merender rumus diwajibkan melakukan peningkatan ke versi 1.43 atau yang lebih baru agar layanan tetap dapat digunakan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Baca lebih lanjut mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] dalam tulisan di Diff berjudul [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Saran penyuntingan khusus untuk setiap wiki: Bagaimana komunitas membentuk Mode Saran dengan TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 31 Agustus 2026 20.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Tambahkan Pranala]] telah ditingkatkan untuk pengguna Wikipedia bahasa Inggris dengan kemampuan mendeteksi pranala yang memiliki perbedaan penggunaan huruf besar dan kecil. Perubahan ini akan membantu mengurangi saran yang ambigu akibat perbedaan kapitalisasi dalam judul artikel, termasuk artikel tentang benda budaya. Tahap peningkatan kedua direncanakan akan dilakukan dan juga akan mempersiapkan fitur ini untuk dirilis dalam bahasa lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Panduan artikel]] akan diaktifkan secara bawaan bagi penyunting pemula di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki mulai 10 September 2026, setelah sebelumnya melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|tahap uji coba]]. Penyunting pemula dengan jumlah suntingan 0 hingga 99 akan secara otomatis melihat fitur ini ketika mereka mengeklik pranala merah atau menggunakan opsi "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" di Wikipedia bahasa Turki untuk membuat artikel baru. Perubahan ini ditujukan untuk membantu pengguna baru dalam membuat artikel dengan kualitas yang lebih baik dan memenuhi standar setiap Wikipedia. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Peningkatan lebih lanjut]] akan terus dilakukan berdasarkan hasil eksperimen dan masukan dari komunitas. * Perkakas [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis], yang memungkinkan pengguna membandingkan jumlah kunjungan pada beberapa halaman, genap berusia 10 tahun pada tahun ini dan telah memperoleh sejumlah fitur baru. Fitur-fitur tersebut mencakup [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]], yang memberikan gambaran mengenai cara pembaca Wikipedia menjelajahi konten, statistik penyuntingan di [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], kemampuan [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org mencari artikel yang termasuk dalam suatu ProyekWiki], dan dukungan untuk mode gelap. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * Bilah navigasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|Minerva yang disederhanakan secara visual]] sedang diuji kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log dan menggunakan tampilan web seluler di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Inggris, Farsi, dan Polandia. Uji coba ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah penyederhanaan navigasi dapat meningkatkan retensi pembaca. Pengujian akan berlangsung dari 31 Agustus hingga 28 September dan pengguna tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun dalam uji coba ini. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Harapan Teknis WMDE]] sedang mengupayakan peningkatan pada [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|nama referensi yang dibuat secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Penyunting hanya akan melihat sedikit perubahan mulai pekan ini. Saat nama referensi dibuat secara otomatis, penomoran akan dimulai dari <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi>, bukan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|halaman proyek]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * Semua wiki akan berada dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|kondisi hanya-baca selama beberapa menit]] pada 23 September. Hal ini dijadwalkan berlangsung pada pukul 14.00 UTC. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diterbitkan melalui Berita Teknis dan juga akan dipasang di spanduk setiap wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] salah menangani tag nowiki yang bersarang, sehingga konten dapat hilang dan teks yang tidak diinginkan dapat ditampilkan, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengurus antarmuka dapat mengatur gawai melalui [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. Format definisinya telah diperbarui dan kini tidak lagi memerlukan opsi <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>, karena gawai selalu dimuat melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. Perubahan ini menyederhanakan konfigurasi gawai dengan menghapus opsi yang tidak lagi diperlukan, sehingga definisi gawai menjadi lebih mudah dikelola oleh para pengurus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 Séptémber 2026 18.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Audiens Masa Depan (Future Audiences) telah memulai [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|diskusi di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]] mengenai usulan eksperimen baru untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan sementara tentang fitur [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Sumber Pilihan Google] kepada pembaca Wikipedia yang datang dari Google. Eksperimen ini bertujuan menguji apakah pemberitahuan tersebut dapat membuat pengunjung lebih sering kembali ke Wikipedia. Fitur Sumber Pilihan memungkinkan pengguna memilih situs web yang mereka percayai sehingga Google dapat menampilkan konten dari sumber-sumber tersebut secara lebih menonjol dalam Penelusuran dan berbagai pengalaman berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Kami tertarik untuk menguji fitur ini pada bahasa lain yang didukung Google dan menyambut bantuan untuk memulai diskusi di wiki lainnya. Jika berminat, silakan hubungi Tim Audiens Masa Depan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|halaman pembicaraan]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Platform percakapan Discord sedang merilis kerangka kerja mandiri baru yang dapat digunakan oleh situs web untuk menentukan tampilan pranala mereka ketika dibagikan di Discord. Tim Audiens Masa Depan berencana mulai menggunakan kerangka kerja ini untuk meningkatkan tampilan pranala Wikipedia ketika dibagikan di Discord, sekaligus memberikan atribusi dan penghargaan yang lebih baik kepada para kontributor. Pada tahap pertama proyek ini, tampilan dan perilaku pranala tidak akan berubah karena kami ingin terlebih dahulu mengumpulkan data dasar untuk menilai dampak perubahan pada tahap berikutnya. Namun, jika anggota komunitas yang aktif di Discord menemukan masalah, mereka dapat melaporkannya melalui [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] atau [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Meta-Wiki]]. * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan menjalankan eksperimen untuk menguji apakah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|pemadatan bagian pembuka artikel]] dengan menambahkan tombol "baca selengkapnya" dapat meningkatkan retensi pembaca. Pengujian akan dimulai pada 17 September di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Spanyol, Prancis, Indonesia, Italia, Jepang, Portugis, Vietnam, dan Tionghoa, serta berlangsung selama empat pekan.</span> * Semua wiki akan berada dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|mode hanya-baca selama beberapa menit]] pada 23 September. Hal ini dijadwalkan berlangsung pada pukul 14.00 UTC. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diterbitkan dalam Berita Teknis dan juga akan diinformasikan ke setiap wiki pada pekan mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] untuk Wikipedia mengembalikan galat HTTP 500, sehingga tidak dapat diakses, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengembang yang memelihara perkakas yang melakukan kueri terhadap tabel pranala Wikimedia Commons perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar terhubung ke gugus basis data x4 yang baru. Tabel pranala tersebut telah dipindahkan dari gugus s4 ke x4 dan tidak akan lagi menerima pembaruan di s4. Tabel halaman dan tabel pengalihan tetap tersedia di kedua gugus. Replika wiki untuk klaster x4 akan disiapkan setelahnya. Perubahan ini dilakukan karena gugus s4 telah berkembang terlalu besar untuk dapat dioperasikan secara efisien. [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di sini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Séptémber 2026 15.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == Pamutahiran rohang ngaran == Upami dibandingkeun sareng Wikipédia basa sanésna, Wikipédia basa Sunda kalebet tinggaleun dina rohang ngaran (namespace/ruang nama) anu nuju dianggo. Sapertos rohang ngaran ''Gambar'' (''Image'') anu parantos digentos janten ''Berkas'' (''File'') sakitar taun 2008-an, numutkeun dina [[:id:Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi_(Teknis)/Arsip_(Jul-06)#h-Perubahan_kata_untuk_nama_namespace|usulan WBI taun 2006]] sareng [[:id:Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi_(Teknis)/Arsip/Desember_2008#h-File:|sawala ieu]]. Contona dina Wikipédia basa Jawa anu sami-sami dibuka taun 2004, rohang ngaran ''File'', anu sateuacanna ''Image'' téa téh, parantos digentos janten ''Barkas'' anu sateuacanna ''Gambar''. Aya deui Wikipédia basa Minangkabau anu dibuka taun 2013, rohang ngaranna parantos nganggo ''Berkas''. Ku margi kitu, sim kuring hoyong ngusulkeun perobihan sababaraha rohang ngaran. Di handap ieu nyaéta sababaraha rohang ngaran anu hoyong dirobih: * '''Gambar''' → '''Berkas''' (File/Berkas) * '''Obrolan gambar''' → '''Obrolan berkas''' (File talk/Pembicaraan Berkas) * '''Wikipedia''' → '''Wikipédia''' (Wikipedia) * '''Obrolan Wikipedia''' → '''Obrolan Wikipédia''' (Wikipedia talk/Pembicaraan Wikipedia) * '''Pembicaraan Modul''' → '''Obrolan modul''' (Module talk/Pembicaraan Modul) * '''Pembicaraan Acara''' → '''Obrolan acara''' (Event talk/Pembicaraan Acara) Upami anjeun aya pamanggih (pandapat) sanés, mangga dihaturanan pikeun ngadiskusikeun masalah ieu di dieu. Hatur nuhun [[Pamaké:Rafka Aditia|Rafka Aditia]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Rafka Aditia|sawala]]) 26 Séptémber 2026 12.30 (UTC) :{{Ping|A2613|Badak Jawa|Deepturquoise|Ilham.nurwansah|Kumincir|Mirani Pramitasari|Mssetiadi|Oceanmuse|Pijri Paijar|Zulf}} kumaha numutkeun anjeun? [[Pamaké:Rafka Aditia|Rafka Aditia]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Rafka Aditia|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2026 01.03 (UTC) ::Mangga, ngiringan we abi mah [[Pamaké:Oceanmuse|Oceanmuse]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Oceanmuse|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2026 10.47 (UTC) == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-39</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 23 September 2026, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1790172000 pukul 14.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menguji pencadangan saat pengalihan peladen pusat data, [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Deployments/Yearly calendar|yang berlangsung dua kali setahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia dialihkan dari satu pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan untuk menguji ketersediaan layanan dan mencegah gangguan layanan, termasuk dalam situasi darurat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan menguji pemberitahuan baru setelah penyuntingan yang dirancang untuk mendorong [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#4. Encourage Temporary Accounts to Register|pengguna Akun Sementara agar mendaftarkan akun permanen]]. Pemberitahuan baru ini menggantikan beberapa kotak dialog dan pemberitahuan sambutan yang muncul secara bersamaan dengan satu pesan yang menyoroti manfaat dalam membuat akun. Eksperimen tersebut meningkatkan persentase pembuatan akun permanen dari 1,94% menjadi 3,66%, atau peningkatan relatif sebesar 87%. Perubahan ini selanjutnya akan diterapkan di seluruh wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433551] * Bagi kontributor Wikipedia yang menggunakan [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur Beta "Mode Saran"]], kini tersedia [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-editcheck-experimental|preferensi pengguna baru yang dapat diaktifkan secara sukarela]] untuk menampilkan pemeriksaan penyuntingan dan saran uji coba. Jenis-jenis ini tercantum di halaman [[Special:EditChecks#experimental-checks|Special:EditChecks]] dan ditujukan untuk pengujian awal oleh pengembang dan pengumpulan masukan dari pengguna berpengalaman. Pengurus dapat mengubah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|konfigurasi]] setiap saran seperti biasa. Pengurus juga dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Experimental Suggestions|menggunakan fitur ini]] untuk membantu menguji gagasan komunitas mereka dalam hal pemeriksaan dan saran yang dibuat secara lokal. Jenis eksperimental akan memiliki tampilan visual yang lebih berbeda pada akhir minggu ini. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Masukan dari pengguna dipersilakan]]. * [[m:CEE Technical Village Pump|Warung Kopi Teknis Eropa Tengah dan Timur]] telah diluncurkan sebagai ruang untuk diskusi teknis dan kolaborasi antarkomunitas Wikimedia di Eropa Tengah dan Eropa Timur. * Perkakas baru bernama [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|Starter Kit]] kini tersedia bagi komunitas Wikipedia dalam bahasa-bahasa yang masih baru dan berukuran kecil. Perangkat ini menggabungkan tugas terpandu, perangkat, dan sumber daya untuk membantu komunitas memulai, memantau perkembangan, serta berkolaborasi dengan komunitas Wikimedia yang lebih luas. Starter Kit diinang di Wikimedia Toolforge dan dirancang untuk Wikipedia yang memiliki kurang dari 50.000 artikel. Pelajari lebih lanjut cara kerja Starter Kit dan bagaimana komunitas telah menggunakannya melalui [[diffblog:2026/09/18/introducing-starter-kit-for-new-and-small-language-wikipedias/|artikel Diff ini]]. * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca meluncurkan pengujian ulang [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|eksperimen karusel gambar]]. Pengujian ulang ini akan menggunakan tiga versi desain baru yang telah diperbarui berdasarkan masukan komunitas. Tim tersebut akan menilai hasilnya dan bersama komunitas menentukan apakah fitur ini akan dilanjutkan atau tidak. Eksperimen akan dimulai pada pekan tanggal 28 September dan dilaksanakan di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Bengali, Tionghoa, Ceko, Inggris, Persia, Prancis, Jerman, Indonesia, Jepang, Polandia, Portugis, Spanyol, Swedia, dan Vietnam. * Setelah berhasil diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Bengali, Tionghoa, Ceko, Inggris, Prancis, Indonesia, dan Vietnam, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|fitur Daftar Bacaan]] dari tim Pengalaman Pembaca akan tersedia bagi seluruh pengguna yang telah masuk log di semua wiki Wikipedia mulai 28 September. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan skrip status mentor berulang kali memperbarui status mentor meskipun tidak ada perubahan, sehingga menghasilkan entri yang tidak diperlukan di Perubahan Terbaru, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436659] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * API kueri daftar <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi>, yang digunakan untuk mengambil informasi tertentu tentang penyaring penyalahgunaan yang aktif maupun historis dan dikonfigurasi di suatu wiki, telah diperbarui untuk mendukung parameter konfigurasi <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>formatversion=2</nowiki></code></bdi>. Pembaruan ini menyebabkan perubahan yang tidak kompatibel pada respons API. Semua pengguna yang memelihara skrip pengguna atau kode lainnya perlu memeriksa apakah mereka menggunakan API kueri daftar <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> dan menyesuaikan kodenya terhadap perubahan yang tidak kompatibel tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435828] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Séptémber 2026 11.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31085309 --> j6wl8zr0f9i9v0thblfwjlkjn0gok96 Richard Branson 0 45593 729276 622880 2026-09-26T21:50:29Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} [[File:ETalk2008-Sir Richard Branson.jpg|thumb|Richard Branson (2008)]] '''Richard Branson''' miboga ngaran lengkep '''Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson''' (gumelar di [[London]], [[Inggris]], [[18 Juli]] [[1950]]) nyaéta saurang pabisnis asal [[Inggris]] anu kacida kasohorna ku sabab ngadegkeun 360 pausahaan di handapeun naungan [[Virgin Group]]<ref name="kl">[http://kapanlagi.com/hollywood/r/richard_branson/ Richard Branson] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Diaksés 24 Juli 2015.</ref><ref name="bio">[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0105232/bio Richard Branson - Biography - IMDb] Diaksés 24 Juli 2015.</ref>. Branson mangrupa anak pangkolotna ti opat sadulur, dua urang dulur awéwé, [[Lindi]] jeung [[Vanessa Branson]]. Sedengkeun adi laki-lakina, Ted, nuturkeun léngkah bapana jadi [[pangacara]]<ref name="kl"/>. Branson teu pati alus pangabisana dina widang akademik mah tapi kemampuhna di widang olahraga, utamana [[olahraga]] [[renang]]<ref name="kl"/>. ==Karir== Branson suksés ngadegkeun bisnis munggaranna nalika umur 16 taun jeung publikasi majalah ''Student''<ref name="kl"/>. Branson ngadegkeun hiji [[bisnis]] pesenan rekaman [[audio]] liwat [[surélék]] di taun [[1970]]<ref name="kl"/>. Branson dipaparin dua urang anak jeung Joan Templeman nyaéta Holly jeung Sam<ref name="kl"/><ref name="bio"/>. Branson kacatet minangka jalama pangbeungharna ka-261 nurutkeun vérsi majalah [[Forbes]] pikeun kategori daptar jalama pangbeungharna [[2009]] ku kabeungharan nepi ka 3.9 [[milyar]] [[USD]]<ref name="kl"/><ref name="bio"/>. ==Filmografi== ===Aktor=== *[[2006]]: [[Casino Royale]]<ref name="kl"/> *[[2006]]: [[Superman Returns]]<ref name="kl"/> *[[2004]]: [[Around the World in 80 Days]]<ref name="kl"/> *[[1998]]: [[Sin City Spectacular]]<ref name="kl"/> *[[1998]]: [[Friends]]<ref name="kl"/> *[[1979]]: [[Derek and Clive Get the Horn]]<ref name="kl"/> ===Produser=== *[[2010]]: [[Jambo Jumbo]]<ref name="kl"/> *[[2010]]: [[Equation of Change]]<ref name="kl"/> *[[2004]]-[[2005]]: [[The Rebel Billionaire: Branson's Quest for the Best]]<ref name="kl"/> *[[1984]]: [[Electric Dreams]]<ref name="kl"/> *[[1980]]: [[The Space Movie]]<ref name="kl"/> *[[1976]]: [[Acids of Virgin Music]]<ref name="kl"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Aktor Amérika Sarikat]] [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1950]] jon5lbz3ggv0aqqsb0akly15dyplh67 Peter Krause 0 45594 729268 654372 2026-09-26T20:37:21Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} [[File:Peter Krause Paleyfest 2013.jpg|thumb|Peter Krause]] '''Peter Krause''' miboga ngaran lengkep '''Peter William Krause''' nyaéta saurang aktor pilem jeung tipi asal Amérika anu gumelar di [[Minnesota]], [[Amérika Sarikat]] dina tanggal [[12 Agustus]] [[1965]]<ref name="kapan">[http://kapanlagi.com/hollywood/p/peter_krause/ Peter Krause] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501214316/http://www.kapanlagi.com/hollywood/p/peter_krause/ |date=2015-05-01 }} Diaksés 24 Juli 2015.</ref><ref name="tvrage">[http://www.tvrage.com/person/id-17967/Peter+Krause Peter Krause] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517031013/http://www.tvrage.com/person/id-17967/Peter+Krause |date=2015-05-17 }} Diaksés 24 Juli 2015.</ref>. Salian dipiwanoh minangka [[aktor]], tarékahna di dunya pilem ogé nepi ka jadi produser<ref name="kapan"/>. Krause mangrupa putra ti pasangan guru anu digedékeun di daérah St. Paul<ref name="kapan"/>. Krause salah sahiji lulusan jurusan Sastra Inggris Paguron Luhur Gustavus Adolphus, di St. Peter, Minnesota<ref name="kapan"/>. Lian ti kitu, Krayse ogé ngaraih gelar S2 jurusan akting di [[Universitas New York]]<ref name="kapan"/>. Krause boga anak ti kakasihna, [[Christine King]], anu babar ku ngaran Roman dina bulan Nopémber [[2001]]<ref name="kapan"/>. ==Karir== Ti awal tahn [[1990]]-an, Krause geus jadi béntang tamu di sawatara pintonan [[tipi]] saperti Seinfield, Beverly Hills, 90210 jeung Ellen<ref name="kapan"/>. Tapi di taun [[1996]], Krauese mimiti maénkeun peranna sorangan dina sawatara [[tipi]] show<ref name="kapan"/>. Ti taun [[2001]] nika [[2005]], Krause ngabéntangan sérial drama HBO judulna [[Six Feet Under]]<ref name="kapan"/>. Ku peranna dina drama éta, Krause asup tilu nominasi [[Emmy Awards]]<ref name="kapan"/>. Taun [[2011]] Krause bijil deui dina [[filem]] fantasi judulna [[Beastly]]<ref name="kapan"/><ref name="tvrage"/>. ==Filmografi== *[[1987]] [[Blood Harvest]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1990]] [[Carol and Company]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1992]] [[Beverly Hills, 90210]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1992]] [[Seinfeld]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1994]] [[Ellen]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1995]] [[Caroline In The City]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1995]] [[Brotherly Love]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1995]] [[If Not For You]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1995]] [[The Great Defender]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1996]] [[Cybill Kevin Blanders 23 Episo]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1996]] [[Lovelife]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1997]] [[3Rd Rock From The Sun]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1998]] [[Melting Pot]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1998]] [[Sports Night]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1998]] [[The Truman Show]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1998]] [[My Engagement Party]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[1998]] [[Style & Substance]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[2000]] [[It's A Shame About Ray]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[2001]] [[Six Feet Under]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[2004]] [[We Don't Live Here Anymore]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[2006]] [[The Lost Room]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[2006]] [[Civic Duty]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[2007]] [[Dirty Sexy Money]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[2010]] [[Parenthood]]<ref name="kapan"/> *[[2010]] [[Beastly]]<ref name="kapan"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{taratas}} [[Kategori:Aktor Amérika Sarikat]] [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1965]] lt7d4pfuupe77zif9c37bbmp2bo4q7t Kim Woo-bin 0 45606 729200 678678 2026-09-26T14:49:32Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729200 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kim Woo-bin at the The Flu premiere (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kim Woo-bin]] '''Kim Woo-bin''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|16|7|1989||||}}) mangrupa saurang aktor sarta modél anu boga ngaran asli '''Kim Hyun-joong'''.<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_woo_bin/ Kim Woo Bin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722064902/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_woo_bin/ |date=2015-07-22 }} Diaksés 25 Juli 2015</ref> Woo Bin ditangtayungan ku SidusHQ tina debutna di taun [[2009]] nepi ka ayeuna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Kim Woo-bin ngamimitian karirna minangka saurang modél ti taun [[2009]] liwat [[Seoul Fashion Wee]] nepi ka ayeuna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Taun [[2011]], Woo Bin mimiti ngajajal dunya seni peran liwat [[drama]] [[White Christmas]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/><ref name="kumpul">Kumpulansinopsis.com [http://www.kumpulansinopsis.com/2014/03/profil-dan-biodata-kim-woo-bin.html Profil dan Biodata Kim Woo Bin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215085741/http://www.kumpulansinopsis.com/2014/03/profil-dan-biodata-kim-woo-bin.html |date=2015-12-15 }} Diaksés 25 Juli 2015</ref> Ngan tapi di taun 2013 ngaranna mimiti dipikawanohna mah liwat [[School 2013]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sanggeus kitu ngaran Kim Woo-bin beuki kakoncara ku dramana jeung [[Lee Min-ho]], [[The Heirs]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Mangrupa-rupa pangajén dipaparin ka Kim Woo-bin ku karirna minangka [[modél]] jeung [[aktor]].<ref name="kumpul"/> ==Filmografi== ===Pilem=== *[[2013]] [[FRIEND 2]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[RUNAWAY COP?]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Drama=== *[[2013]] [[The Heirs]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2013]] [[School 2013]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[Gentleman s Class]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[Vampire Idol]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[Cupid Factory]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[White Christmas]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Program tipi=== *[[2013]] [[MC Mcountdown ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[KOREA Next Top Model 2]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Show langsung== *[[2013]] [[Seoul Fashion Week S/S]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[Seoul Fashion Week F/W]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[Seoul Fashion Week S/S]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[Pret a Porter F/W]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[Seoul colletion F/W]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[Pret a Porter S/S]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{Biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktor Koréa Kidul]] i8o23fp5agt82i63kwohfszvyk8oegm Robert Pattinson 0 45613 729278 655454 2026-09-26T21:57:18Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} [[File:Robert Pattinson Comic-Con 2012.jpg|thumb|Robert Pattinson]] '''Robert Pattinson''' atawa ngaran lengkepna '''Robert Thomas Pattinson''' (gumelar di [[Inggris]], [[13 Méi]] [[1986]]) nyaéta saurang aktor asal [[Inggris]]<ref name="biograph">[http://www.lifetimetv.co.uk/biography/biography-robert-pattison BIOGRAPHY: Robert Pattison Lifetime] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919112146/http://www.lifetimetv.co.uk/biography/biography-robert-pattison |date=2015-09-19 }} Diakses 28 Juli 2015</ref><ref name="kpnlagi">[http://kapanlagi.com/hollywood/r/robert_pattinson/ Robert Pattinson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821054923/http://www.kapanlagi.com/hollywood/r/robert_pattinson/ |date=2015-08-21 }} Diakses 28 Juli 2015</ref>. Robert mimiti kasohorna sanggeus maén di pilem [[Twilight]]<ref name="biograph"/>. Sanajan kitu, Robert saméméhna ogé geus loba ngabéntangan [[pilem]]-[[pilem]] séjénna<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. Robert ngabéntangan [[pilem]] [[Twilight]] anu sabenerna diadaptasi ti hiji novel anu judulna sarua. Mimitina mah, Robert ngan saukur pagawé tukangeun layar di hiji [[téater]] nu ngaranna Barnes Théatre Company<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. Ti dinya minat Robert kana seni peran mimiti bijil. Robert ogé langsung nyoba pikeun ngaleukeunan widang ieu ku nyokot atikan formal di widang seni peran<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. Teu kungsi lila tuluy bijil hiji ''talent agency'' nempo bakat dina diri Robert sarta ngajakan gabung ka produksi drama Tess of The D'Urbevilles<ref name="biograph"/>. Ti panggung [[téater]], Robert mimiti asup ka dunya [[tipi]] jadi peran babantu dina sawatara pilem kaasup [[Ring of The Nibelungs]], [[The Haunted Airman]], jeung [[The Bad Mother's Handbook]]<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. Taun [[2007]], Robert kabagéan peran salaku [[Cedric Diggory]] dina [[pilem]] [[layar rubak]] [[Harry Potter and The Order of The Phoenix]]<ref name="biograph"/><ref name="kpnlagi"/>. [[Pilem]] ieu anu tuluy nganteur jadi pameran utama dina [[pilem]] [[Twilight]] anu nyaritakeun ngeunaan saurang [[vampir]] bageur. Di awal [[2010]], Pattinson dinobatkeun jadi Lalaki Diraksukan Panghadéna dumasar majalah GQ, ngésérkeun pamor sawatara lalaki séjén, siga [[Daniel Craig]] jeung [[David Beckham]]<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. Sawatara [[pilem]] anyar sanggeus [[Twilight]] ogé sempet dibéntangan ku Robert di taun [[2010]], sarta babaraha di antarana mah ngudukeun adegan [[séks]] jeung babaraha [[awéwé]], saperti [[Uma Thurman]] jeung [[Emilie De Ravin]]<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. [[Pilem]]-[[pilem]] ieu nyaéta [[Remember Me]] jeung [[Bel Ami]]<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. Kutan teu ngan saukur tawaran pilem wungkul anu ditawarkeun ka Robert téh, pangabisa musikal anu dipintonkeunna dina ''soundtrack'' [[pilem]] [[Twilight]] ogé matak pitajieun sababaraha [[produser]] pikeun ngabiayaan karirna di widang [[vokal]]<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. [[Simon Cowell]], produser nu kakoncara nawaran prosés nyieun album, anu tuluy ditolak ku Pattinson. Pattinson ogé jadi béntang dina hiji [[komik]] anu diproduksi ku Bluewater Comic<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. Teu ngan saukur komik biografi wungkul anu ngabadikeun préstasi Robert téh, dina bulan [[Maret]] [[2010]], patung lilin Robert ogé dipajang di [[musium]] Madame Tussauds, [[London]]<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. Patung Robert diteundeun di tempat anu sarua jeung aktor kawakan séjénna, siga [[Johnny Depp]] jeung [[George Clooney]]<ref name="kpnlagi"/>. ==Filmografi== *2004 Vanity Fair<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2004 Ring of the Nibelungs<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2005 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2006 The Haunted Airman<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2007 The Bad Mother's Handbook<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2007 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2008 How To Be<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2008 Twilight<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2009 Litttle Ashes<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2009 The Twilight Saga: New Moon<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2010 Remember Me<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2010 The Twilight Saga: Eclipse<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2011 Bel Ami<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2011 Water for Elephants<ref name="kpnlagi"/> *2011 Unbound Captives<ref name="kpnlagi"/> ==Panghargaan== *Strasbourg Film féstival Award pikeun Best Actor<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * Hollywood Film Award pikeun New Hollywood<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * MTV Movie Award pikeun Bréakthrough Performance Male<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * MTV Movie Award pikeun Best Kiss (jeung Kristen Stewart)<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * MTV Movie Award pikeun Best Fight (jeung Cam Gigandet)<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * Péople's Choice Award pikeun Favourite On-Screen-Téam (jeung: Taylor Lautner sarta Kristen Stewart)<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * Scréam Award pikeun Best Fantasy Actor<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * Teen Choice Award pikeun Choice Hottie<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * Teen Choice Award pikeun Choice Movie Actor Drama<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * Teen Choice Award pikeun Movie Liplock (jeung Kristen Stewart)<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * Teen Choice Award pikeun Choice Movie Rumble (jeung Cam Gigandet)<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * Dinominasikeun - Empire Award pikeun Best Newcomer<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * Dinominasikeun - Péople's Choice Award pikeun Favourite Movie Actor<ref name="kpnlagi"/> * Dinominasikeun - Scréam Award pikeun Best Ensemble Cast<ref name="kpnlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Aktor Inggris]] [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1986]] 4drity2iggf43sxroezrzwn2oxrk8qc Nicolas Cage 0 45647 729236 678684 2026-09-26T18:47:43Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} [[File:Nicolas Cage Deauville 2013 2.jpg|thumb|Nicolas Cage]] '''Nicolas Kim Coppola''' atawa leuwih dipikawanoh ku ngaran '''Nicolas Cage''' (gumelar di [[Long Beach]], [[Kalifornia]], [[Amérika Sarikat]], [[7 Januari]] [[1964]]) nyaéta saurang [[aktor]], [[sutradara]], [[komposer]] sarta [[produser]] [[pilem]] asal [[Amérika Sarikat]]<ref name="RT">[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/nicolas_cage/ Nicolas Cage - Rotten Tomatoes] Diakses 28 Juli 2015</ref><ref name="Kpanlag">[http://kapanlagi.com/hollywood/n/nicolas_cage/ Nicolas Cage] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Diakses 28 Juli 2015</ref>. Salaku [[aktor]], Nicolas geus dua kali asup nominasi [[Oscar]] sarta puncakna mah liwat [[pilem]] [[Leaving Las Vegas]] taun [[1995]], ngahasil meunangkeun [[aktor]] panghadéna (''Best Actor'') [[Oscar]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/>. Pintonan duét Cage jeung [[aktor]] [[John Travolta]] dina [[Face Off]] ngajadikeun Cage dinominasikeun dina [[Saturn Award]] kategori [[aktor]] panghadéba dina taun [[1997]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/>. Cage geus tilu kali ngajalanan pernikahan, istri munggaranna saurang [[aktris]] ngaranna [[Patricia Arquette]] tuluy [[Lisa Marie Presley]], sedengkeun anu terahirna mah [[Alice Kim]]<ref name="RT"/>. Kiwari Cage, dumuk jeung Kim sarta dua anakna, Kal-El Coppola Cage sarta anak ti hubungan jeung saurang mantan papacanganna, [[Kristina Fulton]], ngaranna Weston Coppola Cage<ref name="Kpanlag"/>. Cage ogé mingpin pausahaan pilem milikna, [[Saturn Films]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/>. Tapi di awal [[2010]], Cage kabeulit masalah kauangan<ref name="Kpanlag"/>. Cage kudu ngalunasan hutangna di [[East West Bank]] gedéna US$2.002.679,86 ku tambahan bunga gedéna US$277,95 unggal poéna mimiti ti [[16 Pébruari]] [[2010]]<ref name="RT"/>. ==Filmografi== *[[1980]] [[Brubaker]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1981]] [[Best of Times]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1982]] [[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1983]] [[The Outsiders]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1983]] [[Valley Girl]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1983]] [[Rumble Fish]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1984]] [[Racing With The Moon]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1984]] [[The Cotton Club]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1984]] [[Birdy]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1986]] [[The Boy in Blue]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1986]] [[Peggy Sue Got Married]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1987]] [[Raising Arizona]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1987]] [[Moonstruck]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1988]] [[Never on Tuesday]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1989]] [[Vampire's Kiss]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1990]] [[Tempo Di Uccidere]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1990]] [[Fire Birds]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1990]] [[Wild at Heart]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1990]] [[Zandalee]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1992]] [[Honeymoon in Vegas]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1993]] [[Amos & Andrew]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1993]] [[Deadfall]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1994]] [[A Century of Cinema]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1994]] [[Red Rock West]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1994]] [[Guarding Tess]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1994]] [[It Could Happen to You]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1994]] [[Trapped in Paradise]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1995]] [[Kiss of Death]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1995]] [[Leaving Las Vegas]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1996]] [[The Rock]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1997]] [[Con Air]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1997]] [[Face/Off]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1998]] [[City Of Angels]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1998]] [[Snake Eyes]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1999]] [[8Mm]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[1999]] [[Bringing Out The Dead]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2000]] [[Gone in Sixty Seconds]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2000]] [[The Family Man]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2000]] [[Welcome to Hollywood]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2001]] [[Italian Soldiers]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2001]] [[Captain Corelli'S Mandolin]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2001]] [[Christmas Carol: The Movie]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2002]] [[Windtalkers]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2002]] [[Adaptation. ]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2002]] [[Sonny ]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2003]] [[Matchstick Men]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2004]] [[National Treasure]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2005]] [[Lord of War]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2005]] [[The Weather Man]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2006]] [[The Ant Bully]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2006]] [[The Wicker Man]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2006]] [[Too Tough to Die]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2006]] [[World Trade Center]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2007]] [[Ghost Rider]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2007]] [[Grindhouse]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2007]] [[Next]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2007]] [[National Treasure: Book of Sec]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2008]] [[Bangkok Dangerous ]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2009]] [[Knowing]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2009]] [[G-Force]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2009]] [[Astro Boy]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2009]] [[Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call N]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2010]] [[Kick-Ass]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2010]] [[The Sorcerer's Apprentice]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2011]] [[Season of The Witch]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2011]] [[Drive Angry]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2011]] [[Trespass]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2011]] [[Seeking Justice]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2012]] [[Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengean]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2012]] [[Medallion]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2012]] [[Frank or Francis]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2012]] [[The Frozen Ground]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> *[[2013]] [[The Croods]]<ref name="Kpanlag"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Aktor Amérika Sarikat]] [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1964]] hgdzrshv7ux6frbyaqjuxlfaqopaq90 Kim Jaéwon 0 45739 729194 678691 2026-09-26T14:34:56Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kim Jaewon at the 20th Korean Culture and Entertainment Awards.jpg|thumb|Kim Jaéwon]] '''Kim Jaéwon''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|18|2|1981||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktor]] asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_jae_won/ Kim Jae Won] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423134757/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_jae_won/ |date=2015-04-23 }}, Diaksés 29 Juli 2015.</ref><ref name="sinemalar">Sinemalar.com, [http://www.sinemalar.com/sanatci/178144/kim-jae-won Kim Jae-won], Diaksés 29 Juli 2015.</ref> Lian ti jadi [[aktor]], Jaéwon ogé saurang [[modél]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Jaéwon mangrupa mahasiswa lulusan ti [[Universitas Sangmyung]] nu konstrasina di jurusan seni peran.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Pintonanna anu daréhdéh ngajadikeun Jaéwon kasohor.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Jaéwon gé meunang jujuluk ''killing smile'' atawa ''smile angel'' ku sabab mésémna anu pitajieun.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Jaéwon ngamimitian karirna ku minton dina hiji sérial [[drama]] [[tipi]] anu judulna [[Honey Honey]] dina taun [[2001]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sanggeus suksés ku sérial [[drama]] munggaranna, di taun satuluyna, Jaéwon ngabéntangan tilu sérial [[tipi]] sakaligus, nyaéta [[Romance]], [[My Love Patzzy]], jeung [[Rival]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina taun [[2004]], Jaéwon maén di hiji [[pilem]] nu judulna [[100 Days with Mr. Arrogant]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> [[Pilem]] satuluyna anu dibéntangan téh nyaéta hiji [[pilem]] anu dipedal taun [[2006]], judulna [[Shoeshine Boy]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Di taun harita ogé minton di dua sérial [[tipi]] sakaligus, nyaéta [[Great Inheritance]] jeung [[Hwang Jin Yi]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/><ref name="sinemalar"/> ==Filmografi== ===Drama tipi=== *[[2001]] [[Honey Honey]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2002]] [[Romance]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2003]] [[Land of Wine]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2004]] [[My Love in Beijing]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2005]] [[Wonderful Life]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2006]] [[Great inheritance]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2006]] [[Hwang Jin Yi]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Pilem=== *[[2000]] [[Coming Out]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2003]] [[100 Days with Mr. Arrogant]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2006]] [[Shoeshine Boy]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Vidio musik=== *[[2007]] [[Jolin Tsai Agent J (album)]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Panghargaan== *[[2002]] [[MBC]]: ''Most Popular Actor''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktor Koréa Kidul]] 7vj0m3vtm3ujdh1xd5p4b90gttckp04 Kim So-hyun 0 45741 729198 467486 2026-09-26T14:45:53Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kim So-hyun.jpg|thumb|Kim So-hyun]] '''Kim So-hyun''' ({{lahirmati|[[Yongin]], [[Propinsi Gyeonggi]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|4|6|1999||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_so_hyun/ Kim So Hyun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719024825/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_so_hyun/ |date=2015-07-19 }} <small> Diaksés 30 Juli 2015 </small></ref><ref name="nyunyu">Nyunyu.com, [http://www.nyunyu.com/main-article/detail/cantiknya-kim-so-hyun-si-artis-cilik-yang-sudah-dewasa Cantiknya Kim So Hyun Si Artis Cilik Yang Sudah Dewasa] <small> Diaksés 30 Juli 2015 </small>.</ref> So-hyun ngamimitian ti keur umur 7 taun.{{fact}} Sanajan ngora kénéh, tapi bakat aktingna mah tas teu kudu diragukeun deui.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Mangrupa-rupa [[pilem]] sarta [[drama]] [[tipi]] anu loba dibéntanganna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Lian ngabéntangan [[pilem]] sarta [[drama]], So-hyun ogé sakapeung mah sok bijil di sawatara ''variety show''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Hasil tina gawé capéna di dunya akting geus teu diragukeun deui, loba pangahargaan anu pikareueuseun pernah dipaparinkeun ka So-hyun.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sanajan So-hyun masih ngora sarta kudu sakola, éta lain mangrupa halangan pikeun So-hyun pikeun dina ngaronjatkeun karirna ti keur ngora kénéh.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> So-hyun mimiti kasohor nalika minton di [[drama]] [[The Moon That Embraces The Sun]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Di [[drama]] éta So-hyun merankeun saurang putri anu jahat ka dulurna sorangan.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Tuluy dina [[drama]] kadua, [[Missing You]], hiji [[drama]] anu nyaritakeun ngeunaan kahirupan anak anu keur leutikna miboga kahirupan pait.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Saméméh bijil di dua drama éta, Kim So-hyun geus bijil dina sawatara [[pilem]] di [[Koréa]], So-hyun biasana mah sok jadi [[caméo]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Najan mimitina mah jadi saurang [[caméo]], tapi justru éta anu ngajadikeun So-hyun mingkin kasohor nepi ka kiwari.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Lian ti kitu, pilem anu kasohor séjénna nyaéta [[Ma Boy]], dina drama éta So-hyun peranna minangka tokoh utama anu mawakeun kisah budak sakola anu cicing di asrama sarta teu jarang keuna popoyok.{{fact}} Kim ogé pernah ngabéntangan musik vidio ti boy band nyaéta Touch, Hi.ni jeung Boyfriend.<ref name="nyunyu"/> Dunya MC ogé pernah dilanglang, So-hyun pernah jadi MC dina acara musik di Koréa jeung Minho Shinee sarta Zico Block B.<ref name="nyunyu"/> Sanajan kawilang ngora, tapi akting jeung panghargaan anu geus diraihna jadi motivasi sarta teu ngajadikeun So-hyun ngeureunkeun karirna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Filmografi== ===Pilem=== *[[My Name Is Pity]] ([[2008]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Man Of Vendetta]] ([[2010]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Sin Of A Family]] ([[2011]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Spy Papa]] ([[2011]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[I Am A King]] ([[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Killer Toon]] ([[2013]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Drama=== *[[Drama City "Ten Minute, Minor"]] ([[2006]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[A Happy Woman]] ([[2007]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Que Sera Sera]] ([[2007]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Hometown Legends "Baby, Let'S Go To Cheong Mountain"]] ([[2008]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Wife And Woman]] ([[2008]]-[[2009]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Ja Myung Go]] ([[2009]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Children Of Heaven]] ([[2009]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Loving You A Thousand Times]] ([[2009]]-[[2010]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Birth Of The Rich]] ([[2010]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[King Of Baking, Kim Takgu]] ([[2010]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[The Thorn Birds]] ([[2011]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[The Duo]] ([[2011]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Padam Padam... The Sound Of His And Her Heartbeats]] ([[2011]]-[[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Moon Embracing The Sun]] ([[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Rooftop Prince]] ([[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Love Again]] ([[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Reckless Family - Season 1]] ([[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Ma Boy]] ([[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Missing You]] ([[2012]]-[[2013]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Iris Ii: New Generation]] ([[2013]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[The Secret Of Birth]] ([[2013]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[I Can Hear Your Voice]] ([[2013]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[The Suspicious Housekeeper]] ([[2013]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Triangle]] ([[2014]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===''Variety Show''=== *[[Show! Music Core]] ([[2013]]-[[2014]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Video Musik]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[["Let'S Walk Together"Touch]] ([[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[["Legend Of Tears"Hi.Ni]] ([[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[["I.Y.A.H"Boyfriend]] ([[2013]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Teater Musikal=== *[[The Great Geum-Jang]] ([[2009]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Panghargaan== *"Best Child Actress" K-Drama Star Awards (Missing You, Ma Boy) ([[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *"Best Child Actress" [[MBC]] Drama Awards (Moon Embracing The Sun, Missing You) ([[2012]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *"Best Female Newcomer In A Variety Show" [[MBC]] Entertainment Awards (Show! Music Core) ([[2013]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *"New Star Award" [[SBS]] Drama Awards (The Suspicious Housekeeper) ([[2013]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] m807gryw8jvml273j9zk8h50fk58fh8 Kim Hye-soo 0 45846 729192 678683 2026-09-26T14:30:38Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729192 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kim_Hye-Soo.jpg|thumb|Kim Hye-soo]] '''Kim Hye-soo''' ({{lahirmati|[[Busan]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|5|9|1970||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_hye_soo/ Kim Hye Soo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204013147/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_hye_soo/ |date=2016-02-04 }}, Diaksés 2 Agustus 2015.</ref><ref name="Asiae">Asiae.co.kr, [http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2011010718040019459 Actress Kim Hye-soo's Movie Picks], Diaksés 2 Agustus 2015.</ref> Lain jago [[akting]] wungkul, Hye-soo ogé mangrupa [[palukis]] anu rancagé.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Hye-soo mangrupa lulusan jurusan [[Pilem]] jeung [[Téater]] ti [[Universitas Dongguk]], sarta [[Jurnalistik]] jeung [[Komunikasi]] Massa ti [[Universitas Sungkyunkwan]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Kim Hye-soo debut dina [[pilem]] [[Ggambo]] ([[1986]]) nalika di [[SMA]] kelas 1 kénéh.<ref name="Asiae"/> Ti harita Hye-soo loba ngabéntangan [[drama]] [[tipi]].<ref name="Asiae"/> Tapi [[pilem]] anu ngagedékeun ngaranna mah nyaéta [[Hypnotized]] ([[2004]]), [[The Red Shoes]] ([[2005]]) jeung [[Tazza: The High Rollers]] ([[2006]]).<ref name="Asiae"/> ==Filmografi== ===Pilem=== *[[1986]] [[Ggambo]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1986]] [[My Daughter Saved from the Mire, Part II]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1988]] [[Grown-ups Just Don't Understand]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1988]] [[That Last Winter ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1990]] [[Oseam]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1991]] [[Lost Love]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1993]] [[First Love]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1994]] [[I Wish for What is Forbidden]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1994]] [[Life and Death of the Hollywood Kid]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1994]] [[Blue Seagull]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1995]] [[Dr. Bong]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1995]] [[The Eternal Empire]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1995]] [[Bitter and Sweet]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1997]] [[Change]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1997]] [[Mister Condom]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1998]] [[Too Tired to Die]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1998]] [[Tie a Yellow Ribbon]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1999]] [[Doctor K]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2001]] [[Kick the Moon]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2002]] [[Three (segment "Memories")]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2002]] [[YMCA Baseball Team]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2004]] [[Hypnotized]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2005]] [[The Red Shoes]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2006]] [[Tazza: The High Rollers]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2007]] [[A Good Day to Have an Affair]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2007]] [[Shim's Family (Skeletons in the Closet)]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2007]] [[Eleventh Mom2008 Modern Boy]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2008]] [[Forgiveness]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/><ref name="Asiae"/> *[[2010]] [[Villain and Widow]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[The Thieves]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2013]] [[The Face Reader]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/><ref name="Asiae"/> *[[2015]] [[Chinatown]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Sérial tipi=== *[[1988]] [[Sun Shim-yi]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1989]] [[Senoya]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1990]] [[Fun World]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1991]] [[Rosy Life]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1993]] [[Pilot]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1994]] [[Song of a Blind Bird]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1994]] [[Tokkaebiga Ganda]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1994]] [[98 Partner]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1995]] [[Love Pro, Marriage Amateur]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1995]] [[The Basics of Romance]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1996]] [[Oxtail Soup]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1996]] [[Scent of Apple Blossoms]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1997]] [[Revenge and Passion]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1999]] [[Did We Really Love?]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1999]] [[Kuk-hee]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2000]] [[Golden Era]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2002]] [[Jang Hee-bin]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2005]] [[Han River Ballad]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2009]] [[Style]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] [[Home Sweet Home]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/><ref name="Asiae"/> *[[2011]] [[Flower Boy Ramyun Shop]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/><ref name="Asiae"/> *[[2013]] [[Queen of the Office]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] qnxvjgwk2gtuf3eocl45m0omgro8gne Kim Ha-neul 0 45847 729190 678674 2026-09-26T14:26:22Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729190 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kim Ha-neul at the press conference of My Girlfriend Is an Agent, in March 2009.jpg|thumb|Kim Ha-neul]] '''Kim Ha-neul''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|21|2|1978||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_ha_neul/ Kim Ha Neul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928042153/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_ha_neul/ |date=2015-09-28 }} <small> Diaksés 2 Agustus 2015 </small></ref><ref name="Viki">Viki.com, [http://www.viki.com/celebrities/14253pr-kim-ha-neul Kim Ha Neul - 김하늘 - Viki] <small> Diaksés 2 Agustus 2015 </small> </ref> Ha-neul mangrupa lulusan [[Institut Seni Seoul]] jurusan [[seni peran]].<ref name="Viki"/> Ha-neul ngamimitian [[akting]]na dina taun [[1998]].{{fact}} Ha-neul maén dina [[pilem]] [[Bye June]] anu disutradaraan ku [[Choi Ho]], dina [[pilem]] éta Ha-neul adu [[akting]] jeung [[Yoo Ji-tae]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sabérésna proyék [[pilem]] éta, Kim Ha-neul jeung [[Yoo Ji-tae]] adu [[akting]] deui barengan dina [[pilem]] nu génréna [[sci-fi]], judulna [[Ditto]] dina taun [[2000]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ha-neul ogé jadi [[pameran]] utama dina [[pilem]] [[My Tutor Friend]] anu dipedal dina taun [[2003]], sarta [[My Girlfriend Is An Agent]] anu dipedal dina taun [[2009]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Lian ti maén [[pilem]], Kim Ha-neul ogé meunang peran di sérial [[tipi]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Salah sahiji sérial [[tipi]] anu dibéntanganna nyaéta [[Happy Together]] jeung Piano anu dipidangkeun di statsion tipi [[SBS]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina taun [[2001]], Kim Ha-neul adu peran keung [[So Ji-sub]] dina sérial [[drama]] anu dipidangkeun di [[MBC]], [[Road No 1]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sanggeus aktingna dina [[drama]] ieu, Kim Ha-neul meunang kontrak pikeun ngabéntangan hiji produk fashion di [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Kim Ha-neul kasohor ku peranna minangka [[awéwé]] umuran anu keur néangan cinta dina sérial [[drama]], [[Gentleman Dignity]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina drama éta, Ha-neul adu akting jeung [[Jang Dong-gun]] anu peranna minangka kakasihna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ku kituna, Ha-neul meunang panghargaan dina ajang [[Blue Dragon Awards]] dina taun [[2011]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ha-neul ogé meunang panghargaan dina ajang [[Grand Bell Awards]] di taun yang [[2011]] pikeun peranna dina [[pilem]] [[Blind]].<ref name="Viki"/><ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] lcffbcq5jlzizz3qdlxf5glw4jg99pp Kim Hee-sun 0 45848 729191 678682 2026-09-26T14:28:27Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729191 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kim Hee-sun (2).jpg|thumb|Kim Hee-sun]] '''Kim Hee-sun''' ({{lahirmati|[[Daegu]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|25|2|1977||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] [[Koréa Kidul]] anu geus lila [[akting]] dina sérial [[drama]] sarta sejumlahing [[pilem]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_hee_sun/ Kim Hee Sun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423142432/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_hee_sun/ |date=2015-04-23 }}, Diaksés 2 Agustus 2015.</ref><ref name="kdrama">Kdrama.co.id, [http://kdrama.co.id/index.php/article/actor-actress/biografi/58-kim-hee-sun/ Kim Hee-Sun - K-Drama]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Diaksés 2 Agustus 2015.</ref> Hee mangrupa [[mahasiswa]] lulusan [[Universitas Chung-Ang]].<ref name="kdrama"/> Hee-sun mangrupa istri ti [[Park Ju-young]] anu geus boga saurang anak [[awéwé]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Kiwari Hee-sun dumuk di [[Seoul]] sarta kasohor minangka saurang [[modél]] jeung [[présénter]].<ref name="kdrama"/> Hee-sun mimiti bijil di [[tipi]] nalika umurna sabelas taun kénéh.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Hee-sun ngamimitian karirna di dunya perpileman taun [[1997]] dina [[pilem]] nu judulna [[Repechage]] bareng jeung [[Jang Dong-gun]] minangka lawan maénna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sanggeus suksés dina [[pilem]] munggaranna, sutradara [[Lee Kwang-hoon]] kataji sarta ngajak pikeun maén dina hiji [[pilem]] taun [[1999]] nu judulna [[Ghost in Love]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> [[Akting]] panghadéna Kim Hee-sun nyaéta dina hiji [[pilem]] nu digarap di [[Tiongkok]] judulna [[Bichunmoo]] sarta dipedal dina usum halodo taun [[2000]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Alatan pilem éta Hee-sun jadi [[aktris]] kasohor di [[nagara]] séjén, kayaning [[Tiongkok]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Taiwan]], sarta sakuliah [[Asia Tenggara]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Filmografi== *[[2006]] [[Smile Again]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2005]] [[The Myth]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2003]] [[A Man Who Went to Mars]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2001]] [[Wanee & Junah]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2000]] [[Bichunmoo]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1999]] [[Tomato]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1998]] [[Wedding Dress]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1997]] [[Repechage]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1996]] [[Faraway Country Sauna Guys]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1995]] [[The Son of the Wind]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1994]] [[SBS Agatha Christie]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Panghargaan== *[[2001]] Blue Dragon Film Award (Most Popular Actress)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2000]] SBS Drama Awards (Popularity Award)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1999]] Mar. Honorary Ambassador of Goodwill to France<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1998]] Dec.SBS Drama Awards "Grand Prize" Receive<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1997]] Dec. KBS Drama Awards "Popularity Award"<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1996]] Dec. KBS Drama Awards "Top Excellence Award"<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1995]] Dec. Performance Awards "Budding Actress Award"<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] okonycrdqrhwoqs9qo970ckvync9sbw Kim Young-kwang 0 45955 729202 678698 2026-09-26T14:53:11Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729202 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:김영광 (배우) 빈폴액세서리 싱글즈 화보 촬영 현장.png|thumb|Kim Young-kwang]] '''Kim Young-kwang''' ({{lahirmati|[[Inchéon]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|11|1|1987||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[modél]] sarta aktor asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="viki">Viki.com, [http://www.viki.com/celebrities/14640pr-kim-young-kwang Kim Young Kwang - 김영광 - Viki], Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Young-kwang ngamimitian karirna salaku [[modél]] ti taun [[2006]], sarta kungsi jadi bagian tina mérék fashion dunya kayaning [[Aléxander McQueen]], [[Vivienne Westwood]] jeung [[Étro]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_young_kwang/ Profil Selebriti Kim Young Kwang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401025217/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_young_kwang/ |date=2015-04-01 }}, Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Kim Young-kwang mimiti dipikawanoh salaku aktor ti saprak ngabéntangan [[Runaway Cop]] taun [[2012]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Tapi sabenerna, Young-kwang geus aub di dunya [[seni peran]] téh ti taun [[2008]], ngaliwatan [[drama]] barengan [[Hyun Bin]] jeung [[Song Hye-gyo]], [[Worlds Within]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Kabéhdieunakeun, Kim Young-kwang leuwih sibuk ku karirna minangka [[aktor]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Malah mah Young-kwang ngahaja ganti agénsi sangkan beuki kasohor minangka [[aktor]] [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Filmografi== ===Pilem=== *[[2012]] [[Runaway Cop]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] [[Hot Young Bloods]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Drama=== *[[2008]] [[Worlds Within ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2009]] [[Triple ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2009]] [[My Fair Lady ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] [[More Charming ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[Drama Special "White Christmas"]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[Bachelor's Vegetable Store ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[Love Rain]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[Can We Get Married?]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2013]] [[The Secret of Birth ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2013]] [[Good Doctor ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] [[Secret Love]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] [[Plus Nine Boys ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] [[Pinocchio]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2015]] [[Dr. Mo's Clinic]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Pintonan MV=== *[[2011]] [[Don't Cry by Park Bom 2NE1]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2013]] [[You by Brown Eyed Soul]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{Biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktor Koréa Kidul]] hkf8i7qx40zwjn81rud48gcbhj6eye8 Poliétilén 0 46079 729269 711581 2026-09-26T20:49:27Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Poliétilén''' (PE) - nyaéta salah sahiji kulawarga resin anu dipibanda ku jalan [[polimerisasi]] [[gas]] [[etilen]], H2C = CH2, ogé mangrupa [[polimer]] anu dijieun kacida lobana aya kana 80 juta ton unggal tauna.<ref>{{harvnb|Piringer|Baner|2008|p=32}}.</ref>. Poliétilén [[Termoplastik]] dipasar mancanagara disadiakeun rupa-rupa ''[[fleksibilitas]]'' jeung ''[[properti]]'' gumantung kana kabutuhan [[proses produksi]] anu baris dipaké, ''Polyethylene'' bisa diolah ampir kusakabéh cara produksi ''[[termoplastik]]'' katambah onjoy tinu lian ku lantaran bahanna henteu gampang nyerep cai tangtuna ieu bisa nurunkeun biaya produksi ku lantaran teu perlu dipanaskeun heula dinamangsa dipaké. Aya sababaraha rupa kulawarga ''[[polyethylene]]'', ditempo tina kapadetan bahanna : '''''Low density polyethylene''''' biasana mibanda kapadetan 0,91-0,925 g / cm³, ''[[Linear low density polyethylene]]'' kapadetanna di antara 0,918-0,94 g / cm³, jeung ''[[High density polyethylene]]'' kapadetanna antara 0,935-0,96 g / cm³ kaluhur.<ref name="Plastics Prospector">[http://plastics.ulprospector.com/generics/27/polyethylene-pe Plastics Prospector]</ref><ref name="Plastics Europe">[http://www.plasticseurope.org/information-centre/education-portal/resources-room/abc-of-plastics/the-abc-of-polyethylene.aspx Plastics Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810085313/http://www.plasticseurope.org/information-centre/education-portal/resources-room/abc-of-plastics/the-abc-of-polyethylene.aspx |date=2015-08-10 }}</ref> [[File:Polyethylene-repeat-2D.png|thumb|140|Bagéan kantétan anu sarua tina '''poliétilén''' anu paling panceg]] ==Kaunggulan Poliétilén== ''Sababaraha'' anu ngabedakeun ''Polyethylene'' leuwih onjoy tinulian, saperti bisa dijieun dina wujud kumaha ogé jeung dina cara produksi termoplastik,luyu jeung kabutuhan. # Poliétilén mangrupa insulator anu hadé. # Gampang ancur tangtuna ieu henteu ngaruksak lingkungan. # Poliétilén loyog jeung suhu tropis # Leuleus liat <ref name="Plastics Europe"/> ==Sajarah== '''Polyethylene''' mimiti di[[sintesis]] ku cukang lantaran ahli kimia urang Jerman [[Hans von Pechmann]] dina taun 1898 panalungtikan ngeunaan [[diazometana]].<ref>H. von Pechmann (1898) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90751n/f312.image.langEN "Ueber Diazomethan und Nitrosoacylamine,"] ''Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin'', '''31''' : 2640–2646; see especially page 2643. From page 2643: ''"Erwähnt sei noch, dass aus einer ätherischen Diazomethanlösung sich beim Stehen manchmal minimale Quantitäten eines weissen, flockigen, aus Chloroform krystallisirenden Körpers abscheiden; … "'' (It should be mentioned that from an ether solution of diazomethane, upon standing, sometimes small quantities of a white, flakey substance, which can be crystallized from chloroform, precipitate; … )</ref><ref>Bamberger claimed that one of his students, Hindermann, had noted the formation of polyethylene in 1897. Eug. Bamberger & Fred. Tschirner (1900) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k907551/f960.image.langEN "Ueber die Einwirkung von Diazomethan auf β-Arylhydroxylamine"] (On the effect of diazomethane on β-arylhydroxylamine), ''Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin'', '''33''' : 955–959. From footnote 3 on page 956: ''"Die Abscheidung weisser Flocken aus Diazomethanlösungen erwähnt auch v. Pechmann (diese Berichte 31, 2643); er hat sie aber wegen Substanzmangel nicht untersucht. Ich hatte übrigens Hrn. v. Pechmann schon einige Zeit vor Erscheinen seiner Publication mitgetheilt, dass aus Diazomethan ein fester, weisser Körper entstehe, der sich bei der Analyse als (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>x</sub> erwiesen habe, worauf mir Hr. v. Pechmann schrieb, dass er den weissen Körper ebensfalls beobachtet, aber nicht untersucht habe. Zuerst erwähnt ist derselbe in der Dissertation meines Schülers Hindermann, Zürich (1897), S. 120."'' (Von Pechmann (these ''Reports'', '''31''', 2643) also mentioned the precipitation of white flakes from diazomethane solutions; however, due to a scarcity of the material, he didn't investigate it. Incidentally, some time before the appearance of his publication, I had communicated to Mr. von Pechmann that a solid, white substance arose from diazomethane, which on analysis proved to be (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>x</sub>, whereupon Mr. von Pechmann wrote me that he had likewise observed the white substance, but not investigated it. It is first mentioned in the dissertation of my student Hindermann, Zürich (1897), p. 120.)</ref> dina mangsa babaturana [[Eugen Bamberger]] jeung [[Friedrich Tschirner]] manggihan [[zat]] [[lilin]] anu dijieun kumaranéhna anu eusina mangrupa kantétan -CH2- panjang satuluyna disebut ''polimetilena''.<ref>Eug. Bamberger & Fred. Tschirner (1900) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k907551/f960.image.langEN "Ueber die Einwirkung von Diazomethan auf β-Arylhydroxylamine"] (On the effect of diazomethane on β-arylhydroxylamine), ''Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin'', '''33''' : 955–959. From page 956: ''"Eine theilweise — übrigens immer nur minimale — Umwandlung des Diazomethans in Stickstoff und Polymethylen vollzieht sich auch bei ganz andersartigen Reactionen; … "'' (A partial — incidentally, always only minimal — conversion of diazomethane into nitrogen and polymethylene takes place also during quite different reactions; … )</ref> [[File:First polythene pillbox.JPG|thumb|right|A [[pill organizer|wujud pél]] ditembongkeun ka bagian teknik ICI dina 1936 di cokot tina potongan ka hiji polyethylene]] Sajeroeun polietilena sintesis aya hiji zat ngarana ([[Diazometana]] ieu zat pada mikanyaho henteu stabil/panceg/gampang robah, tangtuna ieu hiji hal anu kudu disingkahan pisan dina widang [[industri]] mah) tayalian ti [[Eric Fawcett]] jeung [[Reginald Gibson]] teu dihaja manggihan ieu zat dina taun 1933, ditempat gawena di Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) Northwich, di Inggris.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.thisischeshire.co.uk/2006/8/23/275808.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121071050/http://archive.thisischeshire.co.uk/2006/8/23/275808.html |archivedate=21 January 2010 |title=Winnington history in the making |date=23 August 2006 |work=This is Cheshire |accessdate=20 February 2014 |ref=harv}}</ref> Tuluy maranéhna migawé panalungtikan anu leuwih jero deui, ayeuna maké tekenan anu leuwih kuat nepi ka (''sababaraha ratus atmosfer'') dinawaktu nyampur [[etilen]] jeung [[benzaldehida]] éta. hasilna maranéhna manggihan deui substansi bodas, jiga bahan lilin. Saméméh taun 1935 ku ahli kimia séjén di ICI, anu katelah [[Michael Perrin]], ngamekarkeun deui ieu panalungtikan nyieun [[sintesis]] pikeun nyobaan produksi [[polietilen]] dibarengan ku Tekenan anu gedé ogé anu hasilna nyaéta magrupakeun bahan dasar plastik [[LDPE]], anu satuluyna ukuran produksi industri na dimimitian taun 1939. Salila perang dunia ka II, ieu panalungtikanmah tuluy dipigawe sanajan bari susulumputan. Hiji waktu nyagahasilkeun cara anyar nga isolasi/mungkus [[UHF]] jeung [[SHF]] koaksial kabel dina radar ku mangpaatna polietilena. Panalungtikan anu leuwih jauh deui di lakukeun di ICI dina taun 1944, Bakelite Perusahaan ti Sabine, Texas Jeung Du Pont di Charleston, Virginia Kulon, mimiti diproduksi [[komersial]] ukuran gedé tapi tetep sapanalingaan/[[lisensi]] ICI.<ref>{{cite journal |date=July 1949 |title=Poly – The All Star Plastic |journal=Popular Mechanics |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=GtkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA126 |pages=125–129 |volume=91 |issue=1 |accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref> '''Torobosan''' anu penting sajeroun produksi [[komersial]] [[polyethylene]] dimimitian ku dimekarkeun pamagih ngeunaan [[katalis]] anu mana [[polimerisasi]] bisa dilakukaeu teu kudu deui maké tékénan anu kuat ogé aturan suhuna. Anu kahiji nyaéta [[katalis]] dumasar kana [[''trioksida'']] [[kromium]] kapangih ku [[Robert Bank]] jeung [[J. Paul Hogan]] di Phillips Petroleum dina taun 1951 .<ref>{{cite book |title=Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookoftransi0000unse_x1e8 |last1=Hoff |first1=Ray |last2=Mathers |first2=Robert T. |editor1-last=Hoff |editor1-first=Ray |editor2-last=Mathers |editor2-first=Robert T. |year=2010 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-13798-7 |doi=10.1002/9780470504437.ch10 |chapter=Chapter 10. Review of Phillips Chromium Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization}}</ref> Dina taun 1953 kimiawan Jérman [[Karl Ziegler]] mekarkeun deui hiji sistem [[katalitik]] dumasar kana [[halida]] [[titanium]] jeung campuran [[organoaluminium]] anu dina prakna leuwih gampang tinimbang [[katalis]] pamaggih [[Phillips]]. Ngan katalis Phillips leuwih murah jeung gampang dina ngalarapkeuna. Tah ieu dua cara anu paling loba dipaké ku lingkungan [[industri]]. Dina ahir taun 1950-an kadua [[katalis]] Phillips- jeung Ziegler-dipake ogé pikeun nyieun [[HDPE]]. Dina taun 1970-an, sistem Ziegler dironjatkeun ku nambahkeun [[magnesium]] [[klorida]]. Sistem katalitik dumasar kana [[katalis]] [[larut]], anu [[Metalosen]], dikanyahokeun dina taun 1976 ku cukang lantaran [[Walter Kaminsky]] jeung [[Hansjörg Sinn]]. [[Katalis]] Ziegler- ogé [[metalosena]] geus bisa dibuktikeun [[fleksibel]] dina [[kopolimerisasi]] [[etilena]] ku [[olefin]] séjén jeung geus jadi mangrupa dasar pikeun nyieun rupa-rupa [[resin]] [[polietilena]] anu aya kiwari, density ''polyethylene'' leuwih hampang ti batan ''linear low density polyethylene''. Resin saperti, anu wujudna serat [[UHMWPE]], mimiti taun 2005 dipaké ngaganti [[aramids]] dina loba pamkéan anu ngabutuhkeun kakuatan anu pohara. ==Ciri anu mandiri/Properties == '''Properties Pisik''' Polyethylene kaasup polimer termoplastik mibanda kantétan [[hidrokarbon]] anu panjang. Gumantung kana [[kristalinitas]] jeung [[berat molekul]], Polyethylne mimiti lé'éh dina suhu 120-180&nbsp;°C (248-356&nbsp;°F). lolobana anu aya di pasaran mimiti 105-115&nbsp;°C (221-239&nbsp;°F). '''Properties Kimia''' lolobanana LDPE, MDPE, HDPE cukup tahan kana kimia séjén, ieu hartina sarua jeung kuat diserang ku [[asam kuat]] atawa [[basa kuat]]. ogé tahan kana oksidan. Polyethylene lamun di seungeut lalauna bakan kaluar seune anu wanana biru aya polet koneng saeutik di luarna, ngaluarkeun bau [[parafin]]. Bahan anu kabeuleum bakal tuluy hurung jeung lé'éhna [[nyakclak]]an.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boedeker.com/burntest.htm |title=How to Identify Plastic Materials Using The Burn Test |work=Boedeker Plastics |accessdate=8 May 2012}}</ref> Henteu lé'éh dina suhu kamar. Polyethylene (kajaba cross-linked polyethylene) biasana ruksak ku suhu anu kacida panasna ogé di [[hidrokarbon]] [[aromatik]] saperti ku [[toluena]] atawa [[xilena]], atawa ku [[pelarut]] [[diklorinasi]] contona [[trikloroetan]] atawa [[triklorobenzena]].<ref name=Ullmann>Kenneth S. Whiteley, T. Geoffrey Heggs, Hartmut Koch, Ralph L. Mawer, Wolfgang Immel, "Polyolefins" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a21_487}}</ref> ==Kakurangan == Aya sabaraha kakurangan ''Polyethylene'' anu memang kitu sipatna, di antarana: * Babari teuing Lé'éh * Gancang Lapuk * Gampang Rengat * Umpama di Las Kurang Napel * Gampang kaduruk * Gampang tutung * Leuleus teuing <ref name="Plastics Prospector"/> ==Tutumbu Kaluar== {{Wiktionary}} {{Commons category|Polyethylene}} *[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/polythenes-story-the-accidental-birth-of-plastic-bags-800602.html Polythene's story: The accidental birth of plastic bags] *[http://www.ides.com/generics/PE.htm Polythene Technical Properties & Applications] *[http://www.pqasb.pqarchiver.com/therecord/access/1482573421.html Pqarchiver]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://www.plastics.ulprospector.com/materials Bahan Plastik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815053453/http://plastics.ulprospector.com/materials |date=2015-08-15 }} *[http://www.exxonmobilchemical.com/Chem-English/brands/polyethylene-enable-mpe.aspx?ln=productsservices Exxon Mobil] {{Pondok}} ==Dicutat Tina== {{Authority control}} {{Reflist|3}} [[Kategori:Bahan]] [[Kategori:Polimér]] [[Kategori:Plastik]] da5pe9ccdfys5brrwh7pct40objo20q Kim Saé-ron 0 46093 729197 678695 2026-09-26T14:41:13Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2018-10-08 Kim Sae-ron (2).png|thumb|Kim Saé-ron]] '''Kim Saé-ron''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|31|7|2000||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="Viki">Viki.com, [http://www.viki.com/celebrities/13583pr-kim-sae-ron Kim Sae Ron - Viki], Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Saé-ron boga dua urang adi [[awéwé]] anu ngaranna [[Kim Yé-ron]] jeung [[Kim A-ron]] anu duanana téh [[aktris]] ogé.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Saé-ron mimiti kawentarna mah sanggeus maén di [[pilem]] [[A Brand New Life]] dina taun [[2009]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_sae_ron/ Profil Selebriti Kim Sae Ron] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Tapi leuwih kakoncarana mah mimiti kaangkat dina [[pilem]] [[The Man From Nowhere]] nu harita adu ékting jeung [[Won Bin]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ku éktingna éta, Saé-ron hasil meunangkeun panghargaan Best New Actress dina [[Korean Film Award]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Taun [[2014]], saé-ron maén dina [[drama]] nu judulna [[High School Love On]] nu harita ngadu ékting jeung [[Nam Woo-hyun]] sarta [[Lee Sung-yéol]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Filmografi== ===Pilem=== *[[2009]] [[A Brand New Life]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] [[The Man From Nowhere]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[I Am Father]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[Barbie]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[The Neighbors]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2013]] [[Manshin]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] [[A Girl At My Door]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] [[Manhole]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Drama=== *[[2011]] [[Can You Hear My Heart]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] [[Heaven'S Garden]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[Fashion King]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[I Need Romance 2]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[What Is Mom]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] [[I Miss You ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2013]] [[The Queen'S Of Classroom]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] [[Hi! School-Love On]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Vidio musik=== *[[2013]] [[Green Rain - Shinee]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] [[Jackpot - Block B]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] [[From My Heart - 5Urprise]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Panghargaan== *[[2010]] ''[[Buster Copenhagen International Film Festival For Children & Youth]]: Best Child Actor ([[A Brand New Life]])''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] ''19Th [[Buil Film Awards]]: Best New Actress ([[A Brand New Life]])''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] ''8Th [[Korean Film Awards]]: Best New Actress ([[The Man From Nowhere]])''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] ''8Th [[Max Movie Awards]]: Best New Actress ([[The Man From Nowhere]])''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2013]] ''[[MBC Drama Awards]]: Best Young Actress ([[The Queen'S Classroom]])''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] ''7Th [[Herald Donga Lifestyle Awards]]: Style Icon Of The Year''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2014]] ''35Th [[Blue Dragon Awards]]: Best New Actress ([[A Girl At My Door]])''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Category:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] qwjjllvzlku9s3fzwo67uza1lq1htw7 Kim Sa-rang 0 46094 729196 706384 2026-09-26T14:39:07Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729196 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:190409 김사랑 (1).jpg|jmpl|Kim Sa-rang]] '''Kim Sa-rang''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|12|01|1978||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] sarta [[modél]] asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="drama">Wiki Drama, [http://en.drama.wikia.com/wiki/Kim_Sa_Rang Kim Sa Rang - Wiki Drama]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015</ref> Sa-rang mangrupa [[Miss Koréa]] [[2000]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_sa_rang/ Profil Selebriti Kim Sa Rang] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015</ref> Sa-rang ngawakilan [[Koréa Kidul]] dina ajang [[Miss Universe]] [[2001]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Harita Sa-rang meunangkeun panghargaan pikeun Best National Costume.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ngaran Kim Sa-rang sohorna mah sanggeus ngabéntangan [[Secret Garden]]. Kiwari Sa-rang dipayungan ku agénsi [[Brave Entertainment]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Filmografi== ===Pilem=== *[[2002]] [[Man is Born]] (''남자 태어나다'')<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2003]] [[Love: Impossible]] (''남남북녀'')<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2006]] [[Who Slept with Her? aka Hot for Teacher]] (''누가 그 여자와 잤을까?'')<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2008]] [[Radio Dayz]] (''라듸오 데이즈'')<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Drama=== *[[2000]] [[Anger of Angel]] (''천사의 분노'') ([[SBS]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2001]] [[How Should I Be aka What in the World]] (''어쩌면 좋아'') ([[MBC]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2001]] [[Mina]] ([[KBS2]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2002]] [[Affection]] (''정/情'', [[SBS]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2003]] [[Thousand Years of Love]] (''천년지애/千年之愛'', [[SBS]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2005]] [[A Love to Kill]] ([[KBS2]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2007]] [[The King and I]] ([[SBS]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2008]] [[Tokyo Sun Shower]] ([[SBS]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] [[Secret Garden]] ([[SBS]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] am7erx22whhw2ihvp0wsbnx681mrvi2 Kim Taé-hee 0 46095 729199 678676 2026-09-26T14:47:41Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LG 옵티머스 3D & LG 시네마 3D TV CF 촬영 사진 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kim Taé-hee]] '''Kim Taé-hee''' ({{lahirmati|[[Busan]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|29|3|1980||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="hancinema">Hancinema.net, [http://www.hancinema.net/korean_Kim_Tae-hee.php Kim Tae-hee (김태희, Korean actress)], Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Taé-hee bijil minangka [[béntang]] nalika Taé-hee jadi [[pameran]] salaku [[lanceuk téré]] anu jahat dina sérial [[tipi]] [[Stairway to Heaven]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_tae_hee/ Profil Selebriti Kim Tae Hee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830014819/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_tae_hee/ |date=2015-08-30 }}, Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Taé-hee geus boga sawatara proyék tipi kayaning [[Forbidden Love jeung Love Story in Harvard]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dua séri ieu meunang réspon anu hadé pisan.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ku sabab éktingna dina sérial tipi [[Forbidden Love]], Taé-hee dinobatkeun minangka [[aktris]] anyar [[awéwé]] panghadéna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina taun [[2009]], Taé-hee ékting dina [[drama]] [[Iris]] minangka [[Choi Seung-hee]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Filmografi== ===Drama=== *[[2011]] [[My Princess]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2009]] [[Iris ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2004]] [[Love Story In Harvard ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2004]] [[Forbidden Love ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2003]] [[Stairway To Heaven ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2003]] [[A Problem At My Younger Brother'S House ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2003]] [[Screen ]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2002]] [[Let'S Go]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Pilem=== *[[2010]] [[Iris]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] [[Grand Prix]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2007]] [[Venus And Mars]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2006]] [[The Restless]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2002]] [[New Citizen]] (pilem pondok)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2001]] [[Last Present]] (pintonan pondok)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] 9usl7wo18adss3yvqg3qhcjvgaaanc8 Kim Yun-jin 0 46154 729203 678700 2026-09-26T14:55:04Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729203 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kim_Yoon-Jin.jpg|thumb|Kim Yun-jin]] '''Kim Yun-jin''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|7|11|1973||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] [[layar rubak]] teureuh [[Amérika]]-[[Koréa]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_yun_jin/ Profil Selebriti Kim Yun Jin] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015</ref><ref name="hancinema">Hancinema.net, [http://www.hancinema.net/korean_Kim_Yoon-jin.php Kim Yoon-jin (김윤진, Korean actress)] Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015</ref> Yun-jin digedékeun di [[New York]], [[Amérika Sarikat]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ku sabab dina umur 10 taun, kulawargana pindah ka [[Amérika]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/>. Yun-jin gabung jeung klub [[drama]] dina taun ka-7 sakola [[SMA]]na sarta maén dina [[drama musikal]] nu judulna My Fair Lady.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Yun-jin kadaptar di sakola élit, [[Fiorello H. La Guardia High School of Music & Arts Performing Arts]].{{fact}} Sanggeus lulus ti [[SMA]], Yun-jin neruskeun pikeun leuwih neuleuman seni peran di [[London Academy of Performing Arts]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Lian ti kitu, Yun-jin ogé diajar nari sarta [[béla diri]]. Kim nikah jeung [[Jeong Hyeom-park]] dina bulan [[Maret]] [[2010]] sanggeus ngabéréskeun bagian pamungkas sérial [[Lost]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sanggeus lulus, Kim janji pikeun ngabaktikeun hirupna di dunya ékting.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Yun-jin meunangkeun sawatara ékting leuleutikanan di [[MTV]] jeung sawatara [[drama]] [[opera]] [[sabun]] di [[ABC]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Taun [[1996]], hiji imah produksi pilem di [[Koréa]] ngabébénjoan hsangkan balik ka Koréa pikeun ngabéntangan [[drama]] nu judulna [[Georgeous Vacation]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Tuluy disusul ku dua peran lainna dina [[Foreboding]] sarta [[Wedding Dress]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Taun [[1997]], Yun-jin narima tawaran pikeun maén dina pilem munggaranna, [[Shiri]] anu mangrupa [[pilem]] ''block buster'' [[Koréa]] nu munggaran.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Babaraha taun satuluyna, Kim ngabéntangan 5 [[pilem]] tambahan.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina [[Juli]] [[2003]], Kim nandatanganan kontrak jeung [[William Morris]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Kim bijil dina sérial tipi Lost salaku Sun-Hwa Kwon anu épisode pamungkasna pidang dina [[23 Méi]] [[2010]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Kim pernah dipundut pikeun ngeusi audisi salaku Chiyo/Sayuri dina [[Memoirs Of A Geisha]] ([[2005]]) tapi Kim nolak.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina [[Méi]] [[2006]], Kim kaasup kana daptar 100 awéwé pangséksina nurutkeun majalah Maxim, malah mah didéskripsikeun salaku ''The Korean Julia Robert'' dina taun satuluyna.{{fact}} Kim meunangkeun [[Daejong Award]] salaku aktris utama panghadéna dina pilem [[Seven Days]] ([[2007]]).<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Filmografi== ===Pilem=== *[[1999]] [[Shiri]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2000]] [[Danjeogbiyeonsu]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2001]] [[Rush!]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2002]] [[Iron palm, Yesterday, Milae]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2005]] [[Diary of June]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2007]] [[Seven Days]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] [[Harmony]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Serial Drama=== *[[1996]] [[Beautiful Vacation]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[1998]] [[With Love, Wedding Dress]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2004]]-[[2010]] [[Lost]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/><ref>[https://khatrimaza.live/losts-yunjin-kim-on-the-sun-jin-reunion-youve-been-waiting-three-years-for/ Lost’s Yunjin Kim on the Sun-Jin Reunion You’ve Been Waiting Three Years For] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505105843/https://khatrimaza.live/losts-yunjin-kim-on-the-sun-jin-reunion-youve-been-waiting-three-years-for/ |date=2021-05-05 }} (May 5, 2021)</ref> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] 7j86bvwvyudapwdsayqqglrwgo4d250 Kim Ye-won 0 46156 729201 666524 2026-09-26T14:51:31Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kim Ye-Won.jpg|thumb|Kim Ye-won]] '''Kim Ye-won''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jolla-do]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|5|12|1989||||}} nyaéta saurang [[aktor]] sakaligus panyanyi asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="soompi">Soompi.com, [http://www.soompi.com/2015/06/11/actress-kim-ye-won-joins-jyp-entertainment/ Actress Kim Ye Won Joins JYP Entertainment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825040440/http://www.soompi.com/2015/06/11/actress-kim-ye-won-joins-jyp-entertainment/ |date=2015-08-25 }}, Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Debutna jeung Jewelry di taun [[2011]] dina panangtayungan Star Empire.<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_yewon/ Profil Selebriti Kim Yewon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719011352/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_yewon/ |date=2015-07-19 }}, Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Saagénsi jeung ZE:A, ''boyband'' nu anggotana salapan urang lalaki.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sedengkeun Jewelry mah ''girlband'' anu ngawengku opat anggota.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sok midang séksi, Kim Ye-won malah ngabéntangan iklan salah sahiji mérék raksukan jero awéwé nu kasohor.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Lian mibanda awak nu éndah, Ye-won ogé dipikawanoh salaku visual dina Jewelry lian salaku panyani sarta ''dancer''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Tapi, ayeuna mah sanggeus Jewelry dibubarkeun tanggal [[7 Januari]] [[2015]], Kim Ye-won tetep aktif dina ''reality show'' sarta drama.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ngaranna beuki mindeng diobrolkeun komona mah sanggeus Kim miluan acara ''We Got Married'' sarta jadi istri ''virtual'' Henry Lau mémber ti Super Junior M.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Drama tipi== *[[Oh My God]] (SBS Plus, 2011)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Standby]] (MBC, 2012)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Reply 1997]] (tvN, 2012) caméo<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Couple Clinic: Love and War 2 - Idol Special]] (KBS2, 2013)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Pure Love]] (KBS2, 2013) caméo<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Miss Korea]] (MBC, 2013)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Hotel King]] (MBC, 2014)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Panyanyi Koréa Kidul]] 32ceirwbd3it3d5znzybn96jjuodm1q Kim Ryeowook 0 46235 729195 667321 2026-09-26T14:37:07Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains Korean text}} {{Infobox person | name = Ryeowook | image = | image_size = | caption = Ryeowook from {{url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Prince_(EP)|The Little Prince}} Album Super Junior Ryeowook first solo album in January 2016 | background = solo_singer | native_name = 김려욱 | birth_name = Kim Ryeowook | alias = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|6|21}} | birth_place = [[Incheon]], [[Koréa Kidul]] | origin = | occupation = {{flatlist| *[[Pangawih-Pangarang kawih]] *[[Artis]] *[[Inohong radio]]}} | module = | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist| *[[K-pop]] *[[dance music|Ibing]] *[[Balada]]}} | instrument = {{flatlist| *[[Vokal]] *[[Piano]] *[[Keyboard instrument|Keyboard]]}} | years_active = 2005 - kiwari | label = [[SM Entertainment]] | associated_acts = {{flatlist| *[[Super Junior]] *[[Super Junior-K.R.Y.]] *[[Super Junior-M]] *[[SM Town]]}} | website = {{url|ryeowook.smtown.com|Ryeowook Official Website}} }}}} {{Infobox Korean name | title = [[Ngaran Basa Koréa]] | hangul = {{linktext|김|려|욱}} | hanja = {{linktext|金|厲|旭}} | rr = Gim Ryeo-uk | mr = Kim Ryŏ-uk }} '''Kim Ryéowook''' ({{lahirmati|[[Incheon]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|21|6|1987||||}} nyaéta saurang [[panyanyi]], [[panulis]] lagu, [[aktor]] sakaligus panyiar [[radio]] asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="bintang">Bintang.com, [http://www.bintang.com/music/read/2288890/music-bio-ryeowook-super-junior &#91;Music Bio&#93; Ryeowook Super Junior], Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Ryéowook mangrupa anggota utama [[Super Junior]] anu ogé salaku anggota ti sub unit [[Super Junior]] nyaéta [[Super Junior M]] sarta [[Super Junior K.R.Y]].<ref name="bintang"/> Ryéowook lulus ti [[Universitas Inha]] dina jurusan seni [[téater]] jeung [[pilem]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_ryeowook/ Profil Selebriti Kim Ryeowook] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Ryéowook dipaggihan dina acara [[CMB Youth ChinChin Festival]] taun [[2004]] sarta ngajalanan kontrak jeung agénsi [[SM Entertainment]] sanggeus nyieun para juri kataji ku kamampuh nyanyina.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ryéowook meunang pelatihan salaku [[panyanyi]], [[dancer]] sarta ékting jeung komposisi [[musik]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ryéowook ogé bisa maénkeun [[piano]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ryéowook mangrupa anggota pamungkas anu gabung saméméh debut resmi [[Super Junior]] generasi munggaran, [[Super Junior 05]] dina taun [[2005]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ryéowook mimiti debut dina [[Super Junior K.R.Y]] dina tanggal [[5 Nopémber]] [[2006]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Debut éktingna dina taun [[2007]] liwat [[pilem]] [[Attackd On The Pin-up Boys]] salaku wakil organisasi kasiswaan [[sakola]] dina taun [[2007]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Lagu munggaran anu diciptakeun ku Ryéowook nyaéta Love U More dina album Sorry Sorry versi C, kalawan Ryéowook nulis rumpakana bareng jeung [[Sungmin]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Filmografi== ===Pilem jeung drama=== *[[2007]] - ATTACK ON THE PIN-UP BOYS - Ryéowook<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2009]] - CCTV Stage of Youth - Li Xu<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Album=== *[[2007]] - H.I.T - Success<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] - HARU - Angel<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] - Home Sweet Home part 3 - Smile Again<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] - The présidént - Biting my Lips<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2010]] - It's Okay, Daddy's Girl - Just Like Now<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2011]] - Spy Myung-wol - If You Love More<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Panghargaan== *[[2007]] - Nominasi Best Supporting Actor - Koréan Movie Awards<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2007]] - Nominasi Best Comedic Performance - Koréan Movie Awards<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2012]] - Nominasi Musical Up and Comer Award - 2011 Golden Tickets Awards<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktor Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Super Junior]] b3ufmsb5gjjot0t7r6jg8t76cqsodmg Kim Hyun-joong 0 46236 729193 653876 2026-09-26T14:32:39Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729193 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SS501 hyun joong.jpg|thumb|Kim Hyun-joong]] '''Kim Hyun-joong''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|6|6|1986||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktor]] sarta [[panyanyi]] asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="DramaFever">DramaFever, [http://www.dramafever.com/kim-hyun-joong/actor/111/ Kim Hyun Joong / 김현중 - DramaFever]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Lian jadi saurang [[aktor]], Kim ogé mangrupa saurang [[modél]], [[panari]], sarta [[presénter]].<ref name="DramaFever"/> Lain ngan saukur widang-widang éta anu dileukeunan ku Kim, tapi nyatana mah Kim ogé mahér maénkeun sababaraha instrumén saperti [[gitar]] jeung [[piano]].<ref name="kapanlagi">Kapanlagi.com, [http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_hyun_joong/ Profil Selebriti Kim Hyun Joong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924051202/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_hyun_joong/ |date=2015-09-24 }}, Diaksés 28 Agustus 2015.</ref> Karir Kim di dunya éntertainmen dimimitian salaku pamingpin grup [[SS501]] dina taun [[2005]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina taun [[2008]], Kim mimiti asup ka dunya ékting sarta milu ''casting'' pikeun ''reality show'' We Got Married jeung [[Hwang Bo]], salah saurang sénior anu genep taun leuwih kolot.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Duanana sohor tina ''reality show'' ieu, ku éktingna salaku pasangan [[pangantén]] anyar.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Filmografi== ===Drama=== *[[2010]] [[Mischievous Kiss]] ([[MBC]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2009]] [[Boys Over Flowers]] ([[KBS]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2008]] [[Spotlight]]- (bareng [[SS501]] [[Cameo]] [[MBC]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2007]] [[Hotelier]]- (bareng [[SS501]] [[Cameo]] Ep 7 [[TV Arashi]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2006]] [[Pi Story]]- (Sora)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2005]] [[Can Love Be Refilled?]]- (Sitkom [[KBS2]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2005]] [[Nonstop]]- (Ep 208 [[MBC]])<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Vidio klip=== *[[2010]] Gummy - As A Man<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2009]] Kim Joon - Jun Be O.K<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2006]] Eru - Black Glasses<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[2005]] 2Shai - She Laughed<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Iklan=== *[[Samsung Anycall]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Tony Moly]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Dinamic Kin]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Hotsun Chicken]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Samsung Card]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Basic House]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[MVIO]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[High Cut]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[I'm David]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Converse]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Arena Mag]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[E-Mart]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[The Face Shop]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Mighty Mac]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Elite Uniform]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Elite Uniform]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Lotte Milkshake]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[T.I For Men]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[NongShim]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Le Coq Sportif]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Hang Ten]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Coupang Spring Campaign]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *[[Lotte Duty Free]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===DVD=== *réady,Action! Spain Photo Book (2010)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *Kim Hyun Joong's "First Love Story DVD" (2010)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktor Koréa Kidul]] 7xsfvp2r9zvs9gptyacreviqt1rvvyf Kim Go-eun 0 46295 729189 660185 2026-09-26T14:24:31Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kim Go-eun | image = Kim Ko-Eun.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|7|2}} | birth_place = [[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]] | education = [[Universitas Seni Nasional Koréa]] - [[Téater]] | occupation = [[Aktris]] | yearsactive = 2012-kiwari | spouse = | website = | agent = Jangin Entertainment<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:김고은|trans_title=Kim Go-eun|url=http://blog.naver.com/janginent/70138160967|website=Jangin Entertainment|publisher=[[Naver]]|language=Korean|accessdate=2015-08-30|date=2012-05-15}}</ref> | module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent| | hangul = 김고은 | hanja = | rr = Gim Go-eun | mr = Kim Goŭn }}}} '''Kim Go-eun''' ({{lahirmati|[[Koréa Kidul]]|2|7|1991||||}}) nyaéta saurang aktris [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name=muse>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Claire|title=Jung Ji-woo talks on his new film, new muse|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/entertainment/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20120502001302|accessdate=2015-08-30|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=2012-5-2}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521005301/http://www.koreaherald.com/entertainment/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20120502001302 |date=2012-05-21 }}</ref> Midang munggaran di dunya hiburan nyaéta nalika dina [[pilem]] [[A Muse]] taun [[2012]], ti dinya Go-eun némbongkeun performa anu alami.<ref name=muse/> Pidangan Kim satuluyna dina [[pilem]] [[Monster]] tuan [[2014]] jeung [[pilem]] [[Coin Locker Girl]] [[2015]], sarta drama spésial ngeunaan seni béla diri nu judulna [[Memories of the Sword]] taun [[2015]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|title=PROFIL SELEBRITI Kim Go Eun|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_go_eun/|accessdate=2015-08-30|website=Kapanlagi.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104213454/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/k/kim_go_eun/|archivedate=2016-01-04}}</ref> Taun [[1994]], nalika umurna opat taun kénéh, kulawarga Kim Go-eun pindah ka [[Tiongkok]] sarta hirup di dinya salila 10 taun.<ref name="chosun">{{cite web|title=Unknown Starlet Gets Big Break as Korean Lolita|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/04/21/2012042100308.html|accessdate=2015-08-30|website=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=2012-04-21}}</ref> Sanggeus loba nongton [[Chen Kaige's Together]], ceurik baé unggal waktu nongtonna, Kim boga kahayang pikeun jadi saurang panyipta [[pilem]].<ref name="chosun"/> Kim geus nyokot kasempetan téater.<ref name="univ">{{cite web|title=Stars from Korea National University of Arts|url=http://www.hancinema.net/stars-from-korea-national-university-of-arts-42641.html|accessdate=2012-08-30|website=[[Hancinema]]|date=2012-05-17}}</ref> Kim asup ka Sakola Drama di Universitas Seni Negeri Koréa.<ref name="univ"/> ==Filmografi== ===Pilem=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:500px" |- ! width=10|Taun ! Judul ! Peran |- | rowspan=2|2012 || ''[[A Muse]]'' || Han Eun-gyo |- | ''Yeonga'' ([[short film]])<ref>{{cite web|title=영아 Yeonga|url=http://www.indieforum.co.kr/xe/48070|accessdate=2012-11-18|website=IndieForum|date=14 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=영아 Yeonga|url=http://diff.kr/13th/c1-4.html|accessdate=2015-08-30|website=Daegu Independent Short Film Festival}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204141027/http://diff.kr/13th/c1-4.html |date=2015-02-04 }}</ref> || Yéong-a |- | 2013 || ''Neverdie Butterfly'' || Moon Soo-yéon |- | 2014 || ''[[Monster (2014 film)|Monster]]'' || Bok-soon |- | rowspan=4|2015 || ''[[Coin Locker Girl]]'' || Il-young |- | ''[[Memories of the Sword]]'' || Hong-ee/Séol-hee |- | ''Angry Lawyer'' || Jin Sun-mi |- | ''Grandmother Gye-choon'' || Hye-ji |- |} ===Television series=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:500px" |- ! width=10|Taun ! Judul ! Peran ! Statsion |- | 2016 || ''[[Cheese in the Trap (TV series)|Cheese in the Trap]]'' || Hong Séol || [[TVN (South Korea)|tvN]] |- |} ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] 6vnvnhinyzc9t1ts39r6l3h8607blpx New York (nagara bagéan) 0 46426 729234 708727 2026-09-26T18:39:21Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. state |Fullname = Nagara Bagéan New York |Name = New York |Flag = Flag of New York.svg |Seal = Seal of New York.svg |Nickname = The Empire State |Motto = [[Seal of New York|Excelsior]] ([[Bahasa Latin|Latin]])<ref>{{cite web|title=New York State Motto|publisher=New York State Library|date=2001-01-29|url=http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/motto.htm|accessdate=2007-11-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608031632/http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/motto.htm|archivedate=2007-06-08|deadurl=yes}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608031632/http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/motto.htm |date=2007-06-08 }}</ref><br />Ever upward |Demonym = New Yorker |OfficialLang = None |Map = Map_of_USA_NY.svg |Capital = [[Albany, New York|Albany]] |LargestCity = [[New York City]] |LargestMetro = [[Kawasan metropolitan New York]] |AreaRank = 27th |TotalAreaUS = 54,555 |TotalArea = 141,299 |WidthUS = 285 |Width = 455 |LengthUS = 330 |Length = 530 |PCWater = 13.3 |Latitude = 40° 30′ N to 45° 1′ N |Longitude = 71° 51′ W to 79° 46′ W |2000Pop = 19,541,453 (2009 est.)<ref name=09CenEst>{{cite web | title = Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009 | publisher = United States Census Bureau | accessdate = 2009-12-30 | url = http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2009-01.csv}}</ref><br />18,976,457 (2000) |PopRank = 3rd |2000DensityUS = 408.7 |2000Density = 157.81 |DensityRank = ke-7 |HighestPoint = [[Mount Marcy]]<ref name=usgs>{{cite web |date=April 29, 2005 |url=http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=U.S Geological Survey |accessdate=November 6, 2006 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601170143/http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest |date=June 1, 2008 }}</ref> |HighestElevUS = 5,344 |HighestElev = 1,629 |MeanElevUS = 1,000 |MeanElev = 305 |LowestElevUS = 0 |LowestElev = 0 |AdmittanceDate = [[26 Juli]] [[1788]] |AdmittanceOrder = ke-11 |Governor = [[David Paterson]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |Lieutenant Governor = [[Richard Ravitch]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) <ref>{{cite news| url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/22/court-upholds-patersons-appointment-of-lieutenant-governor/?hp | work=The New York Times | title=In 4-3 Vote, Court Says Paterson Can Appoint Lt. Governor | first1=Jeremy W. | last1=Peters | first2=Sewell | last2=Chan | date=September 22, 2009 | accessdate=May 20, 2010}}</ref> |Legislature = [[New York Legislature]] |Upperhouse = [[New York State Senate|State Senate]] |Lowerhouse = [[New York State Assembly|State Assembly]] |Senators = [[Charles Schumer]] (D)<br />[[Kirsten Gillibrand]] (D) |Representative = 27 Democrats,<br />2 Republicans |TimeZone = [[Waktu Timur|Timur]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]-5/[[Waktu musim panas|-4]] |PostalAbbreviation = NY |ISOCode = US-NY |Website = www.ny.gov }} '''New York''' téh salah sahiji wewengkon anu pernahna di wétaneun laut [[Amérika Sarikat]]. Lega wilayah New York ka-27, sedengkeun kapadetna pangeusina ka opat, sarta katujuh paling padet pangeusina tina 50 nagara di Amérika Sarikat, New York diwawatesan ku [[New Jersey]] jeung [[Pennsylvania]] beulah kidulna jeung [[Connecticut]], [[Massachusetts]], jeung [[Vermont]] beulah wétanna. Wates maritimna jeung [[Rhode Island]] wétaneun [[Long Island]], kitu ogé hiji wates internasional jeung ''propinsi'' [[Quebec]] di [[Kanada kalér]] jeung [[Ontario]] di kulon jeung kalér. Nagara bagéan New York mindeng disebut salaku Propinsi New York atawa Nagara New York pikeun ngabédakeun ti [[New York City]], mangrupa kaayaan kota anu pangpadetna sarta jadi puseur ékonomi. Dina taun [[2014]] Nurutkeun catetan anu aya. Pangeusina ampir kana 8,5 juta urang,<ref name=2014NYCest2>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRSIP.US12A|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2014 Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - United States -- Places of 50,000+ Population - 2014 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=May 23, 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200213005015/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRSIP.US12A |date=February 13, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=census-est-nyc-ny>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRES/0400000US36.05000|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 26, 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20150404140829/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRES/0400000US36.05000 |date=April 4, 2015 }}</ref> Kota New York mangrupa hiji kota anu pang padetna di Amérika Serikat. Kota ieu ogé merupakan jalan utama pikeun imigrasi hukum ka Amérika Serikat <ref name=Immigrants2013est>{{cite web|url=http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|accessdate=May 29, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Immigrants2012est>{{cite web|url=http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2012/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|accessdate=May 29, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Immigrants2011est>{{cite web|url=http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/yearbook/2011/immsuptable2d.xls |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|accessdate=May 29, 2015}}</ref> Kota New York mangrupa Aréa Metropolitan, puseur kota anu pangeusina pangpadetna sadunya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mongabay.com/cities_urban_01.htm|title=World's Largest Urban Areas [Ranked by Urban Area Population]|publisher=Rhett Butler |accessdate=August 2, 2014}}</ref> Kota New York kasohor ogé ku Ellis Island (“tempat anu loba wanoja-na”), Hiji kota anu mibanda kakuatan global,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf|title=Global power city index 2009|publisher=The Mori Memorial Foundation|accessdate=August 2, 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629143736/http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |date=June 29, 2014 }}</ref> kota New York mangrupa cukang lantaran kana ngaronjatkeun balantik, media, pakéan, seni, teknologi, hiburan jeung sajabana. kota New York ogé mangrupa tempat dumuk PBB,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://visit.un.org/wcm/content/|title=United Nations Visitors Centre|publisher=United Nations |year=2011|accessdate=August 2, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924091240/http://visit.un.org/wcm/content |archivedate=September 24, 2010}}</ref> New York City is an important center for international diplomacy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/home/home.shtml|title=Office of the Mayor Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol|publisher=The City of New York |year=2012|accessdate=August 2, 2014}}</ref> Kota New York mangrupa tempat di mana babalagempagan/diplomasi internasional jeung deui ieu kota digambarkeun hiji puseur budaya jeung ekonomi dinya.<ref name = "culture1">{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/nyc/cultural-affairs/|title=Consulate General of Iceland New York Culture|publisher=Consulate General of Iceland New York|accessdate=August 2, 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205061848/http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/nyc/cultural-affairs/ |date=February 5, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="culture2">{{cite web|url=http://www.latvia-newyork.org/english/|title=Consulate of Latvia in New York|publisher=Consulate of Latvia|accessdate=February 17, 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024104315/http://www.latvia-newyork.org/english/ |date=October 24, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="culture3">{{cite web|url=http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/Culture/intro.htm|title=Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) Culture|publisher=The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011|accessdate=August 2, 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002134013/http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/culture/intro.htm |date=October 2, 2018 }}</ref><ref name = "culture4">{{cite web|url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/371497|title=New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock ; essays by Dore Ashton&nbsp;... [et al.]|publisher=NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA|accessdate=August 2, 2014}}</ref> ==Sajarah== ===Abad ka-17=== Taya lian Henry Hudson dina taun [[1609]] mangrupa mimiti aubna bangsa [[Éropa]] jeung daerah sején. Balayar pikeun pausahaan [[Walanda]] pernahna di [[India Timur]] tuluy néangan nepikeun ka [[Asia]], manéhna ngulampreng saluareun basisir New York dina [[11 Séptémber]] taun éta kénéh.<ref name="Scheltema 2011">Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.),''Exploring Historic Dutch New York''. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York (2011). ISBN 978-0-486-48637-6</ref> Béja ngeunaan éta pamangihna ngarojong sodagar Walanda pikeun maluruh éta basisir dina enggoning néangan kauntungan tina dagang jeung warga éta tempat. Salila [[abad ka-17]] ieu sodagar Walanda ngadegkeun benteng dagang jeung suku-suku séjén anu diwadahan dina [[koloni]] [[New Netherland]] tuluy nerekab nepikeun ka jadi padumukan Beverwijck dina taun [[1647]], saterusna ieu tempat katelah [[Albany]]; [[Fort Amsterdam]] ([[1625]], ngarekahan anu antukna jadi [[New Amsterdam]] kiwari katelah New York City); saterusna [[Esopus]], ([[1653]], ayeuna jadi [[Kingston]]). Hasilna ''patroonship'' tina Rensselaerswyck ([[1630]]), anu dikurilingan Albany tur lumangsung nepika [[abad ka-19]], ieu mangrupa hiji kaayaan anu ngarojong hasilna sistem koloni. Salila [[perang Inggris-Walanda]] Kadua ngaranna dirobah jadi Provinsi New York. Kota New York direbut deui ku Walanda dina taun [[1673]] dina mangsa perang anu ka tilu Inggris-Belanda ([[1672]]-[[1674]]) ganti deui ngarana jadi New Orange. Saterusna sataun tuluy balik deui ka Inggris ku ayana janji pasini Westminster .<ref name="Scheltema 2011"/> ===Abad ka-19=== Dina [[abad ka-19]] jalan Urang Kulon ka wewengkon New york pikeun leuwih gampang ku diwangun hiji ''kanal'', ku lantaran hiji-hijina jalan ngaliwatan ''Great Lakes'' kahalangan ku curug [[Niagara]] (Niagara Falls). Gubernur ''DeWitt Clinton'' kacida ngarojong pikeun diwangun hiji kanal anu baris nepungkeun susukan ''Hudson'' jeung situ ''Erie'', ku alatan kitu engkéna bakal jadi hiji situ anu gedé pisan (Gréat Lakes). Pangwangunanna dimimitian dina taun [[1817]] réngsé taun [[1825]]. Saréngséna ieu kanal dimangpaatkeun leuwih jembar pikeun kaperluan tali marga ogé transportasi komérsial. Ku ngaronjatna hubungan ngaliwatan ieu kanal ngajadikeun pilihan séjén pikeun migrasi atawa pindahna warga jeung barang tikulon ka New York atawa sabalikna anu biasanamah ngamangpaatkeu karéta. Nincak mangsa taun-taun saméméh perang, Kota New York ngayakeun usaha bareng anu lega jeung pabrik [[tékstil]] bagéan kalér ogé kidul. Ampir kana satengah tina ékspor New York éta patalina jeung [[kapas]], jeung hasil [[kebon]] ti kidul. Sodagar anu mindeng pisan ka New York pikeun mibanda [[hotél]] favorit. Dina waktu anu sarua , ''aktivisme'' pikeun ''abolisionisme'' kuat di kota jeung bagéan [[kalér]], Underground Railroad (ngaran anu dipaké pikeun sakumpulan masarakat dilakukeun susulumputan di [[Amerika Serikat]] dina taun [[1830]]) di mana masyarakat ogé loba ngadukung. Dina poé-poé mimiti peperangan sadulur di Amérika, wali kota New York ngarojong pikeun kota mah misahkeun manéh supaya henteu ngaruksak kalumangsungan usaha dagang, ngan dina ahirna ngadukung ogé kana perang. Salila lumangsungna perang sadulur ieu, nagara bagéan New York nyayagikeun leuwih ti 370.000 prajurit pikeun pasukan gabungan. Leuwih ti 53.000 warga New York tilar dunya dina ieu pangperangan<ref>Phisterer, Frederick, ''New York in the War of the Rebellion, 1861 To 1865'', Albany: Weed, Parsons and Co., 1890, p. 88.</ref> '''Serangan 11 September 2001''' Dina tanggal [[11 September]] [[2001]], dua tina opat [[pesawat]] dirampog saterusna diteumragkeun kana ''Menara Kembar'' ''World Trade Center'' di ''Lower'' ''Manhattan'' nepikeun ka runtuhna. anu ngabalukarkeun 2.753 korban tilar dunya Runtuhna ieu ''Menara Kembar'' dibalukarkeun ku ruksakna ''extensiveness'' anu ngabalukarkeun 147-panumpang tina dua pesawat tilar dunya. Ti saprak 11 September 2001 ieu, sabagian gedé ''Lower Manhattan'' geus di bebenah deui. Loba pagawé anu mantuan nyalametkeun korban dina éta kajadian katut masarakat anu aya dina éta [[aréa]] sababaraha taun saenggeusna ngalamanna ''overdeveloped'' sababara di antarana keuna ku panyakit, teu saeutik ogé anu tilar dunya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20121029/east-village/video-dramatic-explosion-at-east-village-con-ed-plant|title=VIDEO: Dramatic Explosion at East Village Con Ed Plant|author=Mary Johnson|publisher=Copyright © 2009–2012, DNAinfo.com. All Rights Reserved|date=October 29, 2012|accessdate=December 2, 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203212639/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20121029/east-village/video-dramatic-explosion-at-east-village-con-ed-plant |date=December 3, 2012 }}</ref> Dina 11 September 2011 Hiji ''situs'' pikrun miéling ieu kajadian dibuka pikeun balaréa. muséum nu matuh dibuka ogé dina urut éta kajadian tanggal [[21 Maret]] [[2014]]. ''One World Trade Center'' réngsé dina taun 2014, ngajadikeun ''pencakar langit'' pangjangkungna anu aya di benua beulah kulon mah, di 1776 ''kaki'' wangunan anu séjénna keur dikeureuyeuh diwangun di éta lokasi. ==Tutumbu Kaluar== {{Commonscat|New York}} * {{en}} [http://www.state.ny.us/ Ramat Loka New York] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131171152/http://www.state.ny.us/ |date=2014-01-31 }} {{pondok}} ==Tempo Ogé== *[https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_negara_bagian_di_Amerika_Serikat Nagara-nagara Bagean Amerika] ==Dicutat Tina== {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:New York| ]] erpp7fb78dzi3f1fyiuiq5chb0irret Kategori:Citakan Arménia 14 46923 729402 460233 2026-09-27T05:59:55Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729402 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Citakan dumasar nagara|Arménia]] [[Kategori:Arménia|Citakan]] 0dmstw5eh3186x3vnmkoirn7bwwltln Karibia 0 47751 729168 712068 2026-09-26T13:01:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox| bodyclass = geography | title = Kumpulan Pulo Karibia | image = [[file:West Indies (orthographic projection).svg|250px]] | label1 = Lega Wilayahna | data1 = {{convert|2,754,000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | label2 = Lega Daratan | data2 = {{convert|239,681|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | label3 = Populasi (2009) | data3 = 39,169,962<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> | label4 = Kapadetan Penduduk | data4 = {{convert|151.5|/km2|abbr=on}} | label5 = Sélér bangsa | data5 = Afro-Caribbean, Indo-Caribbean, Chinese Caribbean,<ref>{{cite book |last=McWhorter |title=Defining Creole |page=379 |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=2005 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=zdxJJVY54nYC&pg=PT387 |isbn=0195166701|first=John H.}}</ref> Suku Asli Karibia (Arawaks/Arawak, Karibia, Taínos), European | label6 = Démonim | data6 = Hindia Kulon, Urang Karibia, ''Caribbean'' | label7 = Basa | data7 = [[Spanyol]], [[Inggris]], [[Prancis]], [[Walanda]] jeung Basa wewengkon | label8 = Pamaréntahan | data8 = 13 nagara daulat<br />17 pamaréntahan peuntaseun laut | label9 = Dayeuh | data9 = [[Santo Domingo]]<br />[[Havana]]<br />[[Santiago de los Caballeros]]<br />[[Port-au-Prince]]<br />[[Kingston]]<br />[[Santiago de Cuba]]<br />[[San Juan]]<br />Holguín | label10 = Domain Internet | data10 = [[TLD|Berbagai]] | label11 = Kode Telepon | data11 = [[Daftar kode telepon negara di dunia|Berbagai]] | label12 = [[Zona Waktu]] | data12 = [[UTC-5]] hingga [[UTC-4]] }} '''Karibia''' (/kærɨbiːən/ atawa /kərɪbiən/; [[basa Spanyol]]: Caribe) atawa Hindia Kulon nyaéta sakumpulan pulo anu pernahna di [[laut Karibia]]. Pulo-pulo ieu sabeulah kalérna [[laut Florida]] sarta kiduleun [[Vénézuéla]] di [[Amérika]]. Aya kana 7.000 [[pulo]], anu ngawengku [[pulo]], ''terumbu'', jeung ''Caye''. Pulo-pulo digolongkeun jadi dua puluh lima wilayah, éta kaasup [[nagara]] anu [[merdéka]], departemen luar nagari, jeung daérah [[administrasi]] séjéna. Ngaran "Hindia Kulon" dumasar kana pamikiran [[Christopher Columbus]] panyangka manéhna geus anjog ka [[India]] sok padahal mah nepi di [[Amerika]]. Karibia diwangun tina ''Antilles'' gedé jeung ''Antilles'' leutik anu mangrupa bagéna ti [[Amerika]] kalér. == Nagara-nagara == *[[Antigua dan Barbuda]] *[[Bahama]] *[[Barbados]] *[[Dominika]] *[[Republik Dominika]] *[[Grenada]] *[[Haiti]] *[[Jamaika]] *[[Kuba]] *[[Saint Kitts dan Nevis]] *[[Saint Lucia]] *[[Saint Vincent dan Grenadines]] *[[Trinidad dan Tobago]] ==Geografi, géologi, jeung iklim== [[File:Tectonic plates Caribbean.png|thumb|right|{{legend|#FAD4AF|[[Dadasar Pulo Karibia]]}}]] [[File:Clear water of Cayo de Agua - Agua cristalina de Cayo de Agua.JPG|thumb|220px|right|Cayo de Agua di [[Los Roques archipelago]] ]] Géografi jeung iklim di wewengkon Karibia béda-béda: Sababaraha pulo di ieu wewengkon kawilang rata asalna non-[[vulkanik]]. Pulo ieu kaasup Aruba (asal muasal tina vulkanik minor ), Barbados, Bonaire, Kapuloan Kayman, Saint Croix, Bahama, jeung Antigua. Anu séjénna mibanda gunung-gunung anu tarajal kawas kapuloan Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico , Jamaica, Dominica, Montserrat, Saba, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Thomas, Saint John , Tortola, Grenada, Saint Vincent, Guadeloupe, Martinik, jeung Trinidad & Tobago. Di wewengkon ieu mibanda [[iklim]] [[tropis]] tapi curah [[hujan]] jeung luhurna béda-béda, ukuran, jeung arus [[cai]] . Angin haneut jeung beueus mayeng niup ti wétan nyieun bagéan leuweung rainforest / semidesert dina pagunungan. Northwesterlies sakapeung mangaruhan pulo kalér dina usum tiis. Wewengkon éndah jeung pikaresepeun panon poé sumirat sapanjang taun, usum dibagi kana ' garing ' jeung ' baseuh’ robah unggal genep bulan sakali. Laut Karibia mangrupa imah jeung pulo karang anu gedé, pikeun pindahna lauk, penyu, jeung sajabana. [[Aréa]] Puerto Rico, pernahna disisi [[Samudera]] Atlantik jeung Laut Karibia kuloneun pulo Puerto Rico, mangrupa titik pangjerona disakuliah Samudera Atlantik <ref>{{cite web| url=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03trench/welcome.html| title=Puerto Rico Trench 2003: Cruise Summary Results| author=ten Brink, Uri | publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate=2008-02-21}}</ref> ===Tutuwuhan jeung sasatoan === <gallery> File:Epiphytes (Dominica).jpg|Épifit (bromeliads, naplok dina tangkal kalapa) di [[leuweung hujan]] [[Dominica]]. File:Jumping frog.jpg|Bangkong racun hideung jeung héjo, ''[[Dendrobates auratus]]'' File:Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Guadeloupe.jpg|''[[Caesalpinia]] pulcherrima'', [[Guadeloupe]]. File:Costus speciosus Guadeloupe.JPG|''[[Costus speciosus]]'', Tatangkalan rawa, [[Guadeloupe]]. File:Ocypode quadrata (Martinique).jpg|Sakadang [[Keuyeup atlantik]] (''Ocypode quadrata'') in [[Martinique]]. File:Calebassier.jpg|''[[Crescentia cujete]]'', buah calabash, [[Martinique]]. File:Thalassoma bifasciatum (Bluehead Wrasse) juvenile yellow stage over Bispira brunnea (Social Feather Duster Worms).jpg|''[[Thalassoma bifasciatum]]'' (lauk wrasse ''bluehead'' ), luhureun ''[[Bispira brunnea]]'' (sakumpulan cacing bulu). File:Stenopus hispidus (Banded cleaner shrimp).jpg|Dua ''[[Stenopus hispidus]]'' (Hurang) luhureun ''[[Xestospongia muta]]'' (''giant barrel sponge''). File:Cyphoma signata (Fingerprint Cowry) pair.jpg|Sapasang ''[[Cyphoma signatum]]'' (cowry cap ramo), di basisir [[Haiti]]. File:Extinctbirds1907 P18 Amazona martinicana0317.png|salah sahiji [[Martinique amazon]], ''Amazona martinicana'', mangrupa kulawarga manuk béo anu geus tumpur. File:Anastrepha suspensa 5193019.jpg|''[[Anastrepha]] suspensa'', Hiji buah karibia anu bisa hiber File:Hemidactylus mabouia (Dominica).jpg|''[[Hemidactylus]] mabouia'', Toké tropis di [[Dominica]]. </gallery> ==Démografi== Dina mangsa kontak jeung [[Éropa]], étnis ''dominan'' di Karibia nu kaasup Taíno ti Antillen Gréater jeung Lesser Antilles kalér, Pulo Caribs ti Lesser Antillen kidul, sarta grup leutik nu béda saperti Guanajatabey [[Kuba]] kulon jeung ''Ciguayo of Hispaniola'' kulon. ''Populasi'' Karibia ditaksir kurang leuwih aya kana 750.000, ti saprak kajadian ''kontak'', katambah ayana gangguan sosial jeung sasaladna panyakit kawas cacar <ref>{{Cite book |first = Joseph Patrick |last = Byrne |title = Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plagues: A-M |url = https://books.google.com/?id=5Pvi-ksuKFIC&pg=&dq#v=onepage&q=&f |publisher = ABC-CLIO |year = 2008 |page = 413 |isbn = 0-313-34102-8}} </ref> ngabalukarkeun hiji kamunduran dina populasi Amerindian.<ref>From 1500 to 1800 the population rose as slaves arrived from West Africa</ref>[http://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/8.htm The Sugar Revolutions and Slavery, ''U.S. Library of Congress'']</ref> Ti taun 1500 nepi ka 1800 populasi mawar salaku budak/slaves anjog ti [[Afrika]] Kulon <ref name="Barbados 2001">''To Hell or Barbados: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ireland'', O'Callaghan S, Brandon Press, 2001, ISBN 0-86322-287-0.</ref> saperti [[Kongo]], [[Igbo]], salila ''Cromwellian'' ti [[Inggris]] kumawasa Fon jeung Yoruba ogé tahanan militér jeung budak direbut ti [[Irlandia]], tuluy diusir .<ref name="Barbados 2001"/> teu kungsi lila ''imigran'' ti [[Britania]], [[Italia]], [[Perancis]], [[Spanyol]], [[Walanda]], [[Portugal]] jeung [[Denmark]] ogé juljol daratang . Populasi di Karibia panglobana urang [[Afrika]] sarta Karibia [[Perancis]], Anglophone Karibia jeung [[Walanda]] Karibia, aya ogé anu pangsaeutikna nyaéta sélérna bangsa [[Éropa]] Walanda, [[Inggris]], [[Perancis]], [[Italia]] jeung sélér [[Portugis]]. [[Asia]] , utamana sélérna urang [[Cina]] jeung [[India]], ngawangun jadi hiji ''minoritas'' diéta wilayah jeung méré ''kontribusi'' ka masyarakat multiras. Séké sélérna anjog ka dieu dina abad ke-19 mangrupa budak beulian. ==Politik== ===Régionalisme <ref>[http://kbbi.web.id/regionalisme Regionalisme nyaéta]</ref>=== [[Masarakat]] Karibia béda kacida jeung masyarakat ''Barat'' séjéna ditempo tina [[kacamata]], [[budaya]], jeung kasibukan sakabéh wargana.<ref>Gowricharn, Ruben. ''Caribbean Transnationalism: Migraton, Pluralization, and Social Cohesion'', Lanham: Lexington Books, 2006. p. 5 ISBN 0-7391-1167-1</ref> Ngeunaan [[ekonomi]] jeung [[politik]] nyanghareupan kaayaan anu umum mangrupa nagara-nagara leutik anu mandiri disakuliah [[nagara]] Karibia. Pangwangunan [[daérah]] mangrupa hiji tarékah anu mana geus méré kontribusi pikeun nyanghareupan masalah anu aya. Dina panempo [[politik]] jeung [[ékonomi]], ''regionalisme'' diwangun pikeun méré lolongkrang negara-negara Karibia ilubiung dina urusan [[internasional]] kiwari dialpukahan ku ayana koalisi ''kolektif''. Dina [[taun]] 1973, ''regionalisme'' politik munggaran di Karibia ku cukang lantaran ngaronjatna pamakéan Basa [[Inggris]] pikeun basa nagara Karibia ngaliwatan hiji lembaga anu dipiwanoh nyaéta Komunitas Karibia jeung Pasar Umum ( CARICOM )<ref>Hillman, p. 150</ref> pernahna di Guyana. Sababaraha urang sarjana mibanda pamikiran pikeun nyieun susunan ngeunaan hiji kacindekan anu bisa dipaké kusakabéh nagara karibia ku lantaran loba rupa dina politikna. Mimiti sistem [[komunis]] saperti [[Kuba]] nepikeun ka [[kapitalis]] ''Westminster'' aya ogé sistem parlementer saperti di [[Commonwealth]] Karibia. sawaréh timaranéhna mibanda pamanggih yén ieu pamikiran heureut teuing tur bisa jadi hiji bahan pacéngkadan unggal [[nagara]] di Karibia, Katempona Sistem Karibia ''kontemporer'' leuwih némbongkeun kasaluyuan ''modern'' jeung ''tradisional'' antukna ngahasilkeun hiji sistem ''hibrida'' anu ngébréhkeun ''variasi struktural'' anu kasebut alus jeung bisa jadi hiji kabiasaan ''konstitusional'' anu katémpo béda tisaméméhna ngan dina prakna dipaké maké cara anu sarua. "<ref name=serbin>{{cite journal|author=Serbin, Andres|title=Towards an Association of Caribbean States: Raising Some Awkward Questions|journal=Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs|year=1994|pages=61–90|volume=36|issue=4|jstor=166319}}</ref> kitu ogé dinagara-nagara karibia anu séjéna. ===Pangaruh Amérika=== Amérika Sarikat ngaliwatan Présidén Bill Clinton nyieun hiji tangtangan dina (WTO) pikeun ngalawan turngahalangan EU Eropa katelah ''Convention Lomé'', nétélakeun ékspor cau anu baris ditarima ngan ti urut koloni Grup Afrika wungkul,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1196354821.32/ |title=WTO rules against EU banana import practices |accessdate=2015-10-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416002704/http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1196354821.32/ |archivedate=2009-04-16}}. eubusiness.com (2007-11-29)</ref> tangtuna ieu konvénsi ngan ukur nguntungkeun ka Afrika, antukna Karibia jeung nagara Pasifik séjéna menta ngrobah sawaréh kacindekan/parsatujuan anu katelah ''Cotonou'' satuluyna mangrupa kasaluyuan anyarna .<ref name="No truce in banana war">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/293114.stm |title=No truce in banana war |publisher=BBC News |date=1999-03-08 |accessdate=2010-08-23}}</ref> Salila lumangsungna ieu pacéngkadan US / EU, Amérika Serikat netepkeu hiji harga anyar pikeun barang dagangan Uni Eropa ( nepikeun ka 100 % ) pikeun neken Eropa sangkan henteu ngarobah kacindekan dagang Amérika jeung nagara-nagara Karibia tur ngaalpukahan Kacindekan anyar nyaéta ''Cotonou''.<ref name="No truce in banana war"/> Patani di Karibia ngangluh ku morosotna kauntungan jeung ngaronjatna biaya ti saprak ngalaksanakeun ieu Konvénsi ''Lome'' . Antukna sababaraha urang patani mikir-mikir deui pikeun ngarobah tatanénna kana pepelakan anu dilarang atawa (narkoba), anu bisa ngahaslkeu kauntungan sababaraha kali leuwih ngaronjat jeung lobana paménta kana éta pepelakan utamana ti [[Amérika]] Utara dan [[Éropa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/296008.stm |title=World: Americas St Vincent hit by banana war |publisher=BBC News |date=1999-03-13 |accessdate=2010-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2005/01/050117_ukparliament-concern.shtml |title=Concern for Caribbean farmers |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= 2005-01-07|accessdate=2010-08-23}}</ref> {{Pondok}} ==Tutumbu Kaluar== * [http://old.uniknya.com/2011/04/17/5-hal-menarik-tentang-kepulauan-karibia/ Kaunikan Karibia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907074302/http://old.uniknya.com/2011/04/17/5-hal-menarik-tentang-kepulauan-karibia/ |date=2015-09-07 }} * [http://www.dloc.com Perpustakaan digital Karibia] * [http://www.manioc.org Gambar , konferensi , artikel ngeunaan Karibia ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920145459/http://manioc.org/ |date=2021-09-20 }} * [http://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/ Federal Research Division of the U.S. Library of Congress]: Caribbéan Islands (1987) * [http://www.bristol.ac.uk/is/library/collections/specialcollections/archives/#west West Indies papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218023029/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/is/library/collections/specialcollections/archives/#west |date=2011-02-18 }} Miscellanéous personal and estate records, 1663–1929, University of Bristol Library Special Collections * [http://lanic.utexas.edu/country/caribbean/ LANIC Caribbean country pages] * [http://www.latineos.com Latineos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311113341/http://latineos.com/ |date=2011-03-11 }} Latin America, Caribbéan, arts and culture * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4397/ The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124004659/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/4397/ |date=2017-11-24 }} by [[Thomas Kitchin]], 1778 ==Dicutat Tina== {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Karibia]] 8tzbjx09efqz6p1du4j7u3q59ozfiv7 Kategori:Citakan Bangladés 14 47998 729400 462406 2026-09-27T05:52:54Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729400 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Citakan dumasar nagara|Bangladés]] [[Kategori:Bangladés|Citakan]] df5ger3pv64kzsm0dlkn6uvz8ysd13x Karéta api Argo Wilis 0 48475 729172 707276 2026-09-26T13:10:25Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail line | name = Argo Wilis | image = Argo_Wilis_Train_in_Lebakjero_Station.jpg | caption = KA Argo Wilis ti [[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]] jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya]] ngaliwatan [[Stasion Lebakjero]], 2025 | image_width = 250px | logo = | locale = Daop 2 Bandung | system = Karéta api ékspres | status = Beroperasi | open = 8 Nopémber 1998 | close = | owner = [[Kereta Api Indonesia|PT Kereta Api Indonesia]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi II Bandung]] | termini = [[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]]<br>[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng]] | character = lintas pagunungan | gauge = 1.067 mm | el = | elevation = +848 m (Nagrég) | stations = 12 | speed = 70–120 km/jam | stock = [[CC203]], [[CC206]] }} '''Karéta api Argo Wilis''' ([[Aksara Sunda Baku]]: {{sund|ᮊᮛᮦᮒ ᮃᮕᮤ ᮃᮁᮌᮧ ᮝᮤᮜᮤᮞ᮪}}) nyaéta karéta api kelas éksekutif argo anu ngahubungkeun [[Stasion Bandung]] jeung [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng]] liwat [[Stasion Tasikmalaya|Tasikmalaya]]–[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]].<ref name="KA Argo Wilis>http://www.utiket.com/id/kereta-api/ka-argo_wilis.html {{id}} <small>Diakses tanggal 25 Desember 2015</small></ref> Karéta api Argo Wilis dioperasikeun ku [[Daérah Operasi II Bandung|Daop 2 Bandung]].<ref name="KA Argo Wilis"/> Karéta api Argo Wilis gaduh waktos perjalanan kirang langkung 9 jam 43 menit.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://keretaapikita.com/jadwal-kereta-api-argo-wilis/|title=Jadwal Kereta Api Argo Wilis 2025|date=2025-02-01|work=Kereta Api Kita|access-date=2025-08-11|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421115931/http://keretaapikita.com/jadwal-kereta-api-argo-wilis/|archive-date=2025-04-21}}</ref> Di patengahan taun [[2018]], karéta api Argo Wilis meunang rangkéan karéta éksekutip kaluaran panganyarna (K1 18 BD), ngagantikeun rangkéan anu geus heubeul. [[File:KA Argo Wilis Rajapolah.jpg|200px|thumb|Argo Wilis ngaliwat langsung [[stasion Rajapolah]]]] Asalna, karéta ieu jadi hiji-hijina karéta argo anu teu ngalayanan [[Stasion Gambir]]. Ngan, ti saprak lumakuna Grafik Perjalanan Kereta Api (GAPEKA) 2019 ti tanggal [[1 Désémber]] [[2019]], ruteu KA Argo Wilis dipanjangan nepi ka [[Stasion Gambir]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2019/11/22/132200327/daftar-ka-baru-yang-berangkat-dari-stasiun-gambir-dan-pasar-senen-per-1|title=Daftar KA Baru yang Berangkat dari Stasiun Gambir dan Pasar Senen Per 1 Desember 2019 Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2019-12-07}}</ref> Tuluy per tanggal 1 Séptémber 2020, rute KA Argo Wilis dipondokan ngan nepi ka Bandung deui saperti harita.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jabarprov.go.id/index.php/news/39017/2020/09/01/Mulai-September-KAI-Lakukan-Penyesuaian-Perjalanan-KA|title=Mulai September KAI Lakukan Penyesuaian Perjalanan KA|last=Barat|first=Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa|website=www.jabarprov.go.id|accessdate=2021-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922085557/https://www.jabarprov.go.id/index.php/news/39017/2020/09/01/Mulai-September-KAI-Lakukan-Penyesuaian-Perjalanan-KA|archivedate=2021-09-22}}</ref> Ieu kawijakan téh lumaku ogé di GAPEKA 2021 per tanggal 10 Pébruari 2021. == Asal usul ngaran == Ngaran ''Argo Wilis'' téh diwangun ku dua kecap nyaéta Argo jeung Wilis.<ref name="KA Argo Wilis"/> Argo téh nyaéta ''brand image'' kelas éksekutip, Wilis nyaéta ngaran gunung di wewengkon [[Kabupatén Nganjuk|Nganjuk]], [[Jawa Wétan]].<ref name="KA Argo Wilis"/> == Spesifikasi karéta == * Lokomotip CC206 * 7 karéta éksekutip argo ''stainless steel'' (K1 18/19 BD) * 1 karéta ''panoramic'' (K1 xx BD) * 1 karéta makan (M1 18/19 BD) * 1 karéta pembangkit (P1 18/19 BD)<ref name="Jadwal">https://www.stasiunbandung.com/jadwal-kereta-api/jadwal-argo-wilis{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{id}}</ref> == Stasion nu dilayanan == Stasion nu dilayanan ku Argo Wilis nyaéta:<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tingkatkan Aksesibilitas Transportasi Priangan Timur, KA Argo Wilis Resmi Berhenti di Stasiun Ciamis|url=https://timesindonesia.co.id/ekonomi/546653/tingkatkan-aksesibilitas-transportasi-priangan-timur-ka-argo-wilis-resmi-berhenti-di-stasiun-ciamis|work=TIMES Indonesia|access-date=2024-07-16|lang=id}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Stasion Bandung]] * [[Stasion Cipeundeuy]] * [[Stasion Tasikmalaya]] * [[Stasion Ciamis]] * [[Stasion Banjar]] * [[Stasion Kroya]] * [[Stasion Kutoarjo]] * [[Stasion Yogyakarta]] * [[Stasion Solo Balapan]] * [[Stasion Madiun]] * [[Stasion Kertosono]] * [[Stasion Jombang]] * [[Stasion Mojokerto]] * [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng]] == Jadwal == [[Gambar:Argo Wilis train route geographic map (2025).svg|kiri|450x450px|jmpl|Péta ruteu karéta api Argo Wilis dina Gapéka 2025]] {{Clear}} Argo Wilis diberangkatkeun ti [[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]] isuk-isuk, nepi ka [[Surabaya]] Gubeng soré, jeung sabalikna. <ref name="Jadwal" /> Waktu nu diperlukeun kira-kira kirang ti 10 jam. <ref name="Jadwal" />. == Insidén == * Tanggal [[4 Pébruari]] [[2013]], karéta api Argo Wilis anu ditarik CC201 14 nabrak mobil Toyota Avanza, di daérah [[Manonjaya, Warung Sumedang, Tasikmalaya]], [[Jawa Kulon]]. Saurang salamet, jeung lima urang luka parah.<ref>[http://news.detik.com/berita/2160809/ka-argo-wilis-tabrak-mobil-avanza-di-tasikmalaya-5-orang-terluka KA Argo Wilis Tabrak Mobil Avanza di Tasikmalaya, 5 Orang Terluka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114142455/http://news.detik.com/berita/2160809/ka-argo-wilis-tabrak-mobil-avanza-di-tasikmalaya-5-orang-terluka |date=2020-01-14 }} {{id}} <small>diakses tanggal 25 Desember 2015 </small></ref> * Tanggal [[20 Désémber]] [[2013]], aya rél nu ruksak di km 393+<sup>8</sup>/<sub>9</sub> antara Maos-Sikampuh. Ahmad Suryadi, salah sahiji warga bisa ngaeureunkeun karéta api Argo Wilis nu gancang sangkan bisa eureun saacan ngaliwatan rél nu ruksak éta.<ref>[http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/selamatkan-penumpang-warga-cilacap-hentikan-kereta-argo-wilis.html Selamatkan Penumpang, Warga Cilacap Hentikan Kereta Argo Wilis] {{id}} <small>Diakses tanggal 24 Desember 2015</small></ref> == Tingali ogé == * [[Karéta api Turangga]], karéta api kelas éksekutip satwa nu ngalayanan rute nu sarua. == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Commons category|Argo Wilis Train|karéta api Argo Wilis|position=left}} {{id}} [https://www.kereta-api.co.id Situs resmi PT KAI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207010112/https://www.kereta-api.co.id/ |date=2016-12-07 }} {{Daptar karéta api}}{{karéta-stub}} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] nepcb92u5owf4z1ovy169adne1cxpnz Karéta api Mutiara Selatan 0 48532 729178 702924 2026-09-26T13:31:17Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox rail line | name = Mutiara Selatan | image = Mutiara_selatan_(cropped).jpg | caption = KA Mutiara Selatan ngaliwat Stasion Krian, 2022. | logo = | locale = Daop 8 | system = Karéta api antarkota | status = Beroperasi | open = 1980-an (Éksekutip jeung Bisnis)<br>1999 (Bisnis)<br>28 Séptémber 2016 (Ékonomi 2016 ''New image'')<br>Oktober 2016 (Bisnis)<br>Maret 2017 (Éksekutip jeung Bisnis)<br>01 April 2019 (Ganti Kelas Éksékutip jeung Ékonomi AC Prémium)<br>1 Désémber 2019 (KA Mutiara Selatan diperpanjang nepi ka Gambir)<br>1 Pébruari 2021 (rute dipondokan deui jadi Bandung-Surabaya) | close = | stock = CC206 | owner= [[Kereta Api Indonesia|PT KAI]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi VIII Surabaya]] | termini = [[Stasion Bandung]]<br>[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng]] | character = lintas pagunungan | gauge = 1.067 mm | el = | elevation = +848 (Nagrég) | stations = 18 | speed = 70 s.d. 120 km/jam }} '''Karéta api Mutiara Selatan''' ([[Aksara Sunda Baku]]: {{sund|ᮊᮛᮦᮒ ᮃᮕᮤ ᮙᮥᮒᮤᮃᮛ ᮞᮨᮜᮒᮔ᮪}}) nyaéta karéta api kelas campuran éksekutip-ekonomi AC prémium nu ngahubungkeun [[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]]-[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng]] liwat [[Stasion Tasikmalaya|Tasikmalaya]]-[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] jeung sabalikna.<ref name="KA Mutiara Selatan">http://www.bisnis.com/traveling/read/20141230/224/386694/menikmati-kemolekan-7-gunung-bumi-parahyangan-dengan-ka-mutiara-selatan{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{id}} diaksés tanggal 25 Desember 2015</ref> Karéta ieu dioperasikeun ku [[Daérah Operasi VIII Surabaya|Daop 8 Surabaya]].<ref name="KA Mutiara Selatan"/> Asalna, karéta ieu mawa campuran kelas éksekutip jeung bisnis, tapi ti taun [[1999]] rangkéan KA Mutiara Selatan diganti jadi kelas bisnis kabéh, kelas éksekutip na dipindahkeun kana rangkéan [[Karéta api Turangga]] nu ngalayanan ruteu nu sarua.<ref name="KA Mutiara Selatan"/> [[File:KA Mutiara Selatan Bumiwaluya.jpg|200px|thumb|KA Mutiara Selatan ngaliwat langsung [[stasion Bumiwaluya]]]] Tanggal [[28 Séptémber]] [[2016]], KA Mutiara Selatan genti rangkéan jadi KA Ékonomi AC ''new image'' 2016, sarta ruteuna dipanjangan nepi ka [[Stasion Malang|Malang]], ngan kusabab jarak antar korsina anu dianggap heurin teuing pikeun KA jarak jauh, rangkéan éta ngan dipaké kira-kira dua minggu, tuluy ditarik deui. KA Mutiara Selatan maké rangkéan bisnis deui. Bulan [[Maret]] [[2017]], KA Mutiara Selatan ganti kelas jadi kelas campuran éksekutip-bisnis. Ti tanggal 1 April 2019, Karéta ieu geus maké rangkéan anyar tina ''Stainless Steel'' jieunan PT. INKA Madiun sarta ganti kelas jadi Éksekutip-Ékonomi AC Prémium. Ti tanggal [[1 Désémber]] [[2019]], lalampahan KA Mutiara Selatan dipanjangan nepi ka [[Stasion Gambir]], ku sabab PT KAI geus ngarilis GAPEKA 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2019/11/22/132200327/daftar-ka-baru-yang-berangkat-dari-stasiun-gambir-dan-pasar-senen-per-1|title=Daftar KA Baru yang Berangkat dari Stasiun Gambir dan Pasar Senen Per 1 Desember 2019 Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2019-12-07}}</ref> Karéta ieu kungsi jadi KA panumpang panglilana nyaéta kurang leuwih 20 jam ngéléhkeun lalampahanna [[Karéta api Wijayakusuma|KA Wijayakusuma]]. Tuluy ti tanggal 1 Séptémber 2020 ruteu ieu karéta dipondokan deui jadi Bandung-Surabaya Gubeng percis saperti jaman baheula nalika mimiti dioperasikeun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jabarprov.go.id/index.php/news/39017/2020/09/01/Mulai-September-KAI-Lakukan-Penyesuaian-Perjalanan-KA|title=Mulai September KAI Lakukan Penyesuaian Perjalanan KA|last=Barat|first=Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa|website=www.jabarprov.go.id|accessdate=2021-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922085557/https://www.jabarprov.go.id/index.php/news/39017/2020/09/01/Mulai-September-KAI-Lakukan-Penyesuaian-Perjalanan-KA|archivedate=2021-09-22}}</ref> == Stasion nu dilayanan == * [[Stasion Bandung]] * [[Stasion Kiaracondong]] * [[Stasion Cipeundeuy]] * [[Stasion Tasikmalaya]] * [[Stasion Ciamis]] * [[Stasion Banjar]] * [[Stasion Sidareja]] * [[Stasion Maos]] * [[Stasion Kroya]] * [[Stasion Gombong]] * [[Stasion Kebumén]] * [[Stasion Kutoarjo]] * [[Stasion Yogyakarta]] * [[Stasion Solo Balapan]] * [[Stasion Madiun]] * [[Stasion Nganjuk]] * [[Stasion Kertosono]] * [[Stasion Jombang]] * [[Stasion Mojokerto]] * [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng]]<ref name="Jadwal"/> == Spésifikasi karéta == Ti tanggal 1 April 2019, KA Mutiara Selatan geus ngagunakeun karéta éksekutip jeung ékonomi AC prémium. * Susunan rangkéanna nyaéta: (Ti tanggal 1 Pébruari 2025) ** 1 Lokomotip CC206 ** 1 Karéta Pembangkit (P 2018/2019 SDT) ** 4 Karéta Éksekutip (K1 2018/2019 SDT) ** 1 Karéta Makan/Pembangkit (M1 2018/2019 SDT) ** 4 karéta Prémium (K3 2018/2019 SDT) == Jadwal karéta == [[Gambar:Mutiara_Selatan_train_route_geographic_map_(2025).svg|kiri|jmpl|450x450px|Péta ruteu karéta api Mutiara Selatan dina Gapéka 2025]] {{Clear}} Dina GAPEKA 2025 ieu, Karéta api Mutiara Selatan berangkat ti Bandung peuting, nepi ka Surabaya isuk-isuk. Kitu ogé sabalikna. Waktu tempuh karéta api ieu kirang ti 11 jam. Jadwal leuwih lengkepna tingali di luhur. == Tingali ogé == * [[Karéta api Harina]] * [[Karéta api Argo Wilis]] * [[Karéta api Turangga]] *[[Karéta api Pasundan]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{id}} [https://www.kereta-api.co.id Situs resmi PT KAI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207010112/https://www.kereta-api.co.id/ |date=2016-12-07 }} {{karéta-stub}} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] 1eakycf2cvn4n7tesursn8wb7il33oz Karéta api Argo Parahyangan 0 48544 729171 712122 2026-09-26T13:07:43Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{hatnote|''Pikeun ngaran wewengkon di Tatar Sunda, tingali [[Parahyangan]].''}} {{Infobox rail line | name = Parahyangan | image = KA_Argo_Parahyangan_di_Sukaseuri_Cikampek.jpg | caption = KA Argo Parahyangan nikung éndah di daérah Sukaseuri, Cikampék | logo = | system = Karéta api antar kota | status = Beroperasi | open = 27 April 2010 | close = | class = Éksekutip Argo<br>Éksekutip Satwa<br>Éksekutip-Ékonomi AC Prémium | owner = [[Kereta Api Indonesia|PT Kereta Api Indonesia]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi I Jakarta]]<br>[[Daérah Operasi II Bandung]] | termini = [[Stasion Bandung]]<br>[[Stasion Gambir]] | character = lintas pagunungan | gauge = 1.067 mm | el = | elevation = +736 m ([[Stasion Cimindi|Cimindi]]) | stations = 4-6 | speed = 50-100 km/jam | stock = [[CC206]] | locale = Daop 2 Bandung }} '''Karéta api Argo Parahyangan''' atawa '''''Gopar''''' ([[Aksara Sunda Baku]]: ᮊᮛᮦᮒ ᮃᮕᮤ ᮃᮁᮌᮧ ᮕᮛᮂᮚᮍᮔ᮪) nyaéta karéta api kelas éksekutip argo (kadang maké rangkéan nu lain éksekutip argo) anu ngahubungkeun [[Jakarta]] jeung [[Bandung]].<ref name="rangkaian"/> Argo Parahyangan dioperasikeun ku Daop 2 Bandung jeung Daop 1 Jakarta.<ref>[http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/04/29/340/327459/ka-argo-parahyangan-bukan-eks-parahyangan KA Argo Parahyangan Bukan Eks-Parahyangan] {{id}} diakses tanggal 25 Desember 2015</ref> Karéta ieu téh gabungan [[Karéta api Argo Lawu|Karéta api Argo Gede]] jeung [[Karéta api Parahyangan]].<ref>[http://baltyra.com/2010/04/29/ka-parahyangan-sang-legendaris-pun-harus-berhenti/ KA Parahyangan, Sang Legendaris Pun Harus Berhenti] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215522/http://baltyra.com/2010/04/29/ka-parahyangan-sang-legendaris-pun-harus-berhenti/ |date=2016-03-04 }} {{id}} diakses tanggal 25 Desember 2015</ref> == Stasion nu dilayanan == * [[Stasion Kiaracondong]] (Sabaraha Jadwal) * [[Stasion Bandung]] * [[Stasion Cimahi]] * [[Stasion Purwakarta]] (teu kabéh rangkéan) * [[Stasion Cikampék]] (ngan KA 38 jeung KA 43 Wungkul) * [[Stasion Bekasi]] * [[Stasion Jatinegara]] (jurusan Gambir wungkul) * [[Stasion Gambir]] <ref name="Jadwal KA Argo Parahyangan">http://www.stasiunbandung.com/jadwal-kereta-api/jadwal-argo-parahyangan {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230231422/http://www.stasiunbandung.com/jadwal-kereta-api/jadwal-argo-parahyangan/ |date=2015-12-30 }} Jadwal Argo Parahyangan {{id}} Diakses tanggal 24 Desember 2015</ref> == Rangkéan == # Rangkéan Argo Parahyangan asli (eks. KA Argo gedé jeung KA Parahyangan) # Rangkéan Argo Parahyangan ''Stainless Steel'' # Rangkéan Harina # Rangkéan Sembrani # Rangkéan Pangandaran <ref name="rangkaian">http://www.utiket.com./id/kereta-api/ka-argo_parahyangan.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213162518/http://www.utiket.com/id/kereta-api/ka-argo_parahyangan.html |date=2015-12-13 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213162518/http://www.utiket.com/id/kereta-api/ka-argo_parahyangan.html |date=2015-12-13 }} {{id}} Diakses tanggal 25 Desember 2015</ref> == Jadwal == Saprak médalna GAPEKA 2019, KA Argo Parahyangan dijalankeun 36 kali bolak-balik (Reguler jeung Fakultatip).<ref name="Jadwal KA Argo Parahyangan"/> Waktu nu diperlukeun ti Gambir ka Bandung (jeung sabalikna) kira-kira 3 jam, lamun versi ''excellence'' mah durasi lalampahanna 2 jam 50 menit.<ref name="Jadwal KA Argo Parahyangan"/> Jadwal nu leuwih lengkepna tingali di [https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereta_api_Argo_Parahyangan Wikipédia Basa Indonésia]. == Galeri == <gallery> File:KA Argo Parahyangan Padalarang.png|KA Argo Parahyangan ngaliwat langsung di [[stasion Padalarang]] File:Gopar_excellence.jpg|KA Argo Parahyangan ''Excellence'' ngaliwat ex JPL 52 Cipinang File:Argo_Parahyangan_idle_Harina_SS.jpg|KA Argo Parahyangan idle-na Harina rangkéan ''Stainless Steel'' ngaliwat JPL 194 Flyover Cikampék File:Argo_Parahyangan_Ls_Cikampek.jpg|KA Argo Parahyangan ngaliwat langsung di [[stasion Cikampék]] File:Argo_Parahyangan_melintas_Pasar_Cikampek.jpg|KA Argo Parahyangan ngaliwat JPL 194A Pasar Cikampék File:Argo_Parahyangan_idle_Sembrani.jpg|KA Argo Parahyangan idle-na Sembrani ngaliwat ex JPL 52 Cipinang nuju ka [[stasion Jatinegara]] File:Argo_Parahyangan_ls_ex_JPL_52_Cipinang.jpg|KA Argo Parahyangan ngaliwat ex JPL 52 Cipinang File:Gopar_exellence_pagi.jpg|KA Argo Parahyangan ''Excellence'' ngaliwat JPL 194A Pasar Cikampék dina poe isuk </gallery> == Insidén == * Dina poé Jumat, tanggal [[30 Mei]] [[2014]] peuting, KA Argo Parahyangan anjlok di daérah Cisomang, di [[Dépok, Darangdan, Purwakarta]], ka arah [[Stasion Cikadongdong]].<ref>[http://bandung.okezone.com/read/2014/05/31/526/992108/ratusan-penumpang-argo-parahyangan-terlantar Ratusan Penumpang Argo Parahyangan Terlantar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531124650/http://bandung.okezone.com/read/2014/05/31/526/992108/ratusan-penumpang-argo-parahyangan-terlantar |date=2014-05-31 }} {{id}} Diakses tanggal 24 Desember 2015</ref> Dua karéta jeung hiji lokomotip anjlok kaluar rél.<ref>[http://bandung.okezone.com/read/2014/05/31/526/992195/argo-parahyangan-anjlok-perjalanan-ka-serayu-dialihkan Argo Parahyangan Anjlok, Perjalanan KA Serayu Dialihkan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531124653/http://bandung.okezone.com/read/2014/05/31/526/992195/argo-parahyangan-anjlok-perjalanan-ka-serayu-dialihkan |date=2014-05-31 }} {{id}} Diakses tanggal 24 Desember 2015</ref> Euweuh korban jiwa dina insiden éta. Perjalanan [[Karéta api Serayu]] dialihkeun.<ref>[http://bandung.okezone.com/read/2014/05/30/526/992101/ka-argo-parahyangan-anjlok-di-bandung-barat KA Argo Parahyangan Anjlok di Bandung Barat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605055949/http://bandung.okezone.com/read/2014/05/30/526/992101/ka-argo-parahyangan-anjlok-di-bandung-barat |date=2014-06-05 }} {{id}} Diakses tanggal 24 Desember 2015</ref><ref>[http://bandung.okezone.com/read/2014/05/31/526/992125/seluruh-penumpang-argo-parahyangan-selamat Seluruh Penumpang Argo Parahyangan Selamat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605055955/http://bandung.okezone.com/read/2014/05/31/526/992125/seluruh-penumpang-argo-parahyangan-selamat |date=2014-06-05 }} {{id}} Diakses tanggal 24 Desember 2015</ref> == Tingali ogé == * [[Karéta api Argo Gedé]] * [[Karéta api Parahyangan]] * [[Parahyangan]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{id}} [http://www.kereta-api.co.id Situs resmi PT KAI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125184722/http://www.kereta-api.co.id/ |date=2015-11-25 }} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] {{Daptar karéta api}} {{karéta-stub}} 8r4m6r1tnc0o55ykuziwgw7n3t9ul59 Karéta api Lodaya 0 48547 729176 707317 2026-09-26T13:28:22Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail line | name = Karéta api Lodaya | image = Lodaya New Gen.jpg | caption = Karéta api Lodaya nu tos maké rangkaian ''Stainless Steel New Generation'', 2024 | logo = | stock = CC203, CC206 | class = Éksekutip-Ékonomi AC Prémium | locale = Daop 6 Jogja | system = Karéta api antar kota | status = Beroperasi | owner = [[Kereta Api Indonesia|PT KAI]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi VI Yogyakarta]] | gauge = 1.067 mm | termini = [[Stasion Bandung]]<br>[[Stasion Solo Balapan]] | el = | elevation = +848 (Nagrég) | depot = Solo Balapan (SLO), pikeun rangkéan karéta<br>Bandung (BD), pikeun lokomotip }} '''Karéta api Lodaya''' nyaéta layanan karéta api nu ngahubungkeun [[Stasion Bandung]] jeung [[Stasion Solo Balapan]].<ref name="KA Lodaya">http://www.railway.web.id/2015/07/jadwal-dan-harga-tiket-ka-lodaya.html?m=1 {{id}} diakses tanggal 26 Desember 2015</ref> Karéta ieu dioperasikeun ku Daop 6 Jogja.<ref name="KA Lodaya"/> Asalna karéta ieu ngaranna [[Karéta api Lodaya#top|Karéta api Senja Mataram]]/[[Pajajaran]], rélasi [[Bandung]] - [[Yogyakarta]].<ref name="KA Lodaya"/> Tapi, ti mimiti rutena diperpanjang nepi ka Solo Balapan, ngaranna dirobah jadi KA Lodaya.<ref name="KA Lodaya"/> Karéta api Lodaya gaduh waktos perjalanan kirang langkung 8 jam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://keretaapikita.com/jadwal-kereta-api-lodaya/|title=Jadwal Kereta Api Lodaya 2025|publisher=Kereta Api Kita|language=id|accessdate=2025-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251015105939/https://keretaapikita.com/jadwal-kereta-api-lodaya/|archivedate=2025-10-15}}</ref> Mimitina, KA Lodaya maké rangkéan Éksekutip-Bisnis, ngan ti ahir bulan [[Oktober]] [[2018]], rangkéanna diganti jadi Éksekutip-Ékonomi AC Prémium kaluaran 2018 (K1 18 + K3 18). Ti 1 Méi 2024, karéta ieu tos maké rangkaian karéta éksekutif jeung ékonomi ''New Generation Stainless Steel''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2024/04/26/200000465/beroperasi-mulai-1-mei-2024-ka-lodaya-gunakan-rangkaian-ekonomi-new?page=all|title=Beroperasi Mulai 1 Mei 2024, KA Lodaya Gunakan Rangkaian Ekonomi New Generation Stainless Steel|date=2024-04-26|work=Kompas.com|access-date=2025-11-05|language=id}}</ref> == Asal usul ngaran == Kecap "Lodaya" téh mangrupa akronim ti ngaran stasion paeureunan ahir, nyaéta SO'''''LO'''''-BAN'''''D'''''UNG R'''''AYA'''''.<ref name="KA Lodaya"/> == Stasion nu dilayanan == * [[Stasion Bandung]] * [[Stasion Kiaracondong]] * [[Stasion Cibatu]] * [[Stasion Cipeundeuy]] * [[Stasion Tasikmalaya]] * [[Stasion Ciamis]] * [[Stasion Banjar]] * [[Stasion Sidareja]] * [[Stasion Maos]] * [[Stasion Kroya]] * [[Stasion Gombong]] * [[Stasion Kebumén]] * [[Stasion Kutoarjo]] * [[Stasion Warungbandrék|Stasion Wates]] * [[Stasion Yogyakarta]] * [[Stasion Klatén]] * [[Stasion Solo Balapan]]<ref name=":0" /> == Spesifikasi karéta == * Lokomotip CC206 * 4 karéta éksekutip (K1 24 SLO) * 4/3 karéta ékonomi (K3 24 SLO) * 1 karéta makan (M1 24 SLO) * 1 karéta pembangkit (P)<ref name=":1" /> == Jadwal == [[Gambar:Lodaya train route geographic map (2025).svg|kiri|jmpl|450x450px|Peta rute karéta api Lodaya dina Gapéka 2025]] {{Clear}} Karéta api Lodaya dijalankeun 4 kali (isuk-isuk jeung peuting).<ref name="KA Lodaya" /> Misalna, Karéta Lodaya pagi indit ti Bandung isuk-isuk nepi ka Solo Balapan soré (jeung sabalikna). Karéta Lodaya malam berangkat di Bandung peuting nepi ka Solo Balapan isuk-isuk (jeung sabalikna).<ref name="KA Lodaya" /> Jadwal nu leuwih lengkepna tingali di luhur. == Insidén == * Dina tanggal [[10 Oktober]] [[2013]], karéta api Lodaya Pagi nabrak batu nu diganjel di tengah rél, dina km 440+0/1, di daérah Karanganyar, Kebumen. Karéta api anu ditarik lokomotip CC 204 10 jeung 4 karéta éksekutip, 3 karéta bisnis, 1 karéta réstorasi, jeung 1 gerbong bagasi ieu kudu ''berhenti luar biasa'' (BLB) di Stasion Gombong.<ref name="Insiden 1">[http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2013/10/10/ka-lodaya-tabrak-batu-di-kebumen Tribun: KA Lodaya Tabrak Batu di Kebumen] {{id}} diakses tanggal 26 Desember 2015</ref> * Dina tanggal [[5 Oktober]] [[2015]], karéta api Lodaya jurusan Solo Balapan-Bandung anjlok dina tabuh 01.45 di km 244+5/6, di Kampung Terung, [[Mekarsari, Kadipatén, Tasikmalaya]].<ref name="Insiden 2"/> [[Karéta api Pasundan]] jurusan [[Stasion Kiaracondong|Kiaracondong]]-[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng]] jeung [[Karéta api Turangga]] jurusan [[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]]-[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng]] telat berangkat ti jadwal biasa.<ref name="Insiden 2"/> Karéta éta mawa 439 panumpang ti arah Solo ka Bandung.<ref name="Insiden 2">[http://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/15/10/05/nvqebm328-ka-lodaya-anjlok-di-tasikmalaya Republika: KA Lodaya Anjlok di Tasikmalaya] {{id}} </small>diakses tanggal 26 Desember 2015</small></ref> == Galéri == <gallery> File:CC 206 Lodaya.JPG File:Awipari sta 141122-0160 rwg.JPG File:CC 206 13 27 Lodaya di Lempuyangan.JPG </gallery> == Tingali ogé == [[Karéta Api]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{id}} [https://www.kereta-api.co.id Situs resmi PT KAI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207010112/https://www.kereta-api.co.id/ |date=2016-12-07 }} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] {{karéta-stub}} 67512f62j1kx2ux2eywfy3afxqrlwxp Karéta api New Argo Jati 0 48696 729179 707327 2026-09-26T13:33:59Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Karéta api Argo Jati}} {{Infobox rail line | name = Argo Jati | image = Argo Jati Tambahan Sembrani CN.jpg | caption = KA Argo Jati Pakultatip di [[Stasion Cirebon]] | locale = Daop 3 Cirebon | system = Karéta api Éksprés Tambahan jeung Pakultatip | jenis = Karéta api tambahan jeung karéta api Pakultatip wungkul | status = Beroperasi | class = Éksekutip argo | owner = [[Kereta Api Indonesia|PT KAI]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi III Cirebon]] | termini =[[Stasion Gambir]]<br>[[Stasion Cirebon]] | gauge = 1.067 mm | speed = 70-100 km/jam | stations = 3-4 }} '''Karéta api Argo Jati''' nyaéta karéta api kelas éksekutip argo anu ngalayanan rute [[Stasion Gambir]]-[[Stasion Cirebon]].<ref name="KA Argo Jati"/> Karéta api Argo Jati dioperasikeun ku Daop 3 [[Cirebon]].<ref name="KA Argo Jati">[http://www.keretaapikita.com/jadwal-kereta-api-argo-jati Informasi dan jadwal KA Argo Jati] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505152846/http://keretaapikita.com/jadwal-kereta-api-argo-jati/ |date=2016-05-05 }} {{id}} <small>diakses tanggal 4 Januari 2016</small></ref> Ti tanggal 16 Agustus 2019, karéta ieu diubah ngrananna jadi [[Karéta api Argo Cheribon]]. Tilu ngaran Karéta ([[Karéta api Argo Jati|Argo Jati]], [[Karéta api Tegal Bahari|Tegal Bahari]] jeung [[Karéta api Cirebon Éksprés|Cirebon Éksprés]]) dijadikeun hiji ngaran wungkul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kereta-api.info/ka-argo-cheribon-meluncur-jelang-hut-ri-9405.htm|title=Rebranding, PT KAI Luncurkan KA Argo Cheribon Jelang HUT RI – Info Kereta Api|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-08-12|accessdate=2019-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415190306/https://kereta-api.info/ka-argo-cheribon-meluncur-jelang-hut-ri-9405.htm|archivedate=2023-04-15}}</ref> Kiwari, Argo Jati ieu kalawan Karéta api Tambahan masih dioperatorkeun ku [[Daérah Operasi III Cirebon|DAOP 3]]. == Spésifikasi karéta == * Lokomotip CC203, CC206 * 7-9 karéta éksekutip argo (K1) * 1 karéta makam (M1) * 1 karéta pembangkit (P) * 1 karéta aling-aling (B)<ref name="KA Argo Jati"/> == Stasion nu dilayanan == * [[Stasion Cirebon]] * [[Stasion Jatibarang]] * [[Stasion Jatinegara]] (sababaraha jadwal) * [[Stasion Gambir]]<ref name="KA Argo Jati"/> == Jadwal == Kiwari karéta api Argo Jati pakultatip aya dina poé [[Jumaah]], [[Saptu]], jeung [[Minggu]].<ref name="Jadwal"/> Jadwal nu leuwih lengkepna tingali di [https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereta_api_New_Argo_Jati Wikipédia basa Indonésia] == Tingali ogé == [[Karéta Api]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{id}} [https://www.kereta-api.co.id Situs resmi PT KAI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207010112/https://www.kereta-api.co.id/ |date=2016-12-07 }} {{karéta-stub}} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] sfhea9exooayjki9i1ms8qt641w4xu4 Park Haé-jin 0 48831 729253 673948 2026-09-26T19:59:07Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Refimprove|date=Pébruari 2016}} {{Infobox person | name = Park Haé-jin | image = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|05|01}} | years_active = 2006-kiwari | occupation = [[Aktor]], [[Modél]] | agent = WM Entertainment | website = {{Infobox Korean name |child=yes |color=transparent | hangul = 박해진 | rr = Bak Hae-jin | mr = Pak Haejin }}|birth_place = [[Busan]], [[Koréa]]|birth_name = Park Hae-jin|native_name = 박해진|nationality = [[Koréa Kidul|Koréa]]}} '''Park Haé-jin''' ({{lahirmati|[[Busan]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|1|5|1983||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[modél]] sakaligus [[aktor]] asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="spcnet">{{cite web|last=spcnet|first=tv|title=Park Hae Jin 박해진 - spcnet.tv|url=http://www.spcnet.tv/Park-Hae-Jin-ac780.html|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[spcnet.tv]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025203052/https://www.spcnet.tv/Park-Hae-Jin-ac780.html |date=2015-10-25 }}</ref> Haé-jin téh saurang modél anu pindah jadi saurang [[béntang]] [[tipi]] jeung [[drama]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Hae Jin|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_hae_jin/|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110014042/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_hae_jin/|archivedate=2016-01-10}}</ref> Ngaranna mimiti ngajomantara dina [[drama]] [[MBC]], [[East of Eden]] ([[2008]]).{{fact}} Dina [[drama]] éta Haé-jin meunang peran minangka Shin Myung-hoon, hiji lalaki badung anu maok haté awéwé batur.{{fact}} Park Haé-jin ogé sempet ngabéntangan sawatara [[drama]] [[Tiongkok]].{{fact}} Taun [[2013]] katompérnakeun, Haé-jin maén dina [[drama]] populér [[Man From the Star]].{{fact}} Di taun [[2014]], manéhna ogé maén dina sérial [[tipi]] [[Dr. Stranger]] [[SBS]].{{fact}} Kahirupan pribadina teu pati bagja, kolotna pipisahan nalika manéhna leutik kénéh.{{fact}} Manéhna bisa bareng jeung ibuna sanggeus pisah 17 taun lilana.{{fact}} ==Pangajén== *[[KBS Drama Awards 2006]] pikeun kategori ''Newcomer Award'' jeung ''Best Couple'' bareng [[Lee Tae-ran]] liwat [[drama]] [[Famous Chil Princesses]].{{fact}} *[[43rd Baeksang Art Awards 2007]] pikeun kategori ''Newcomer Award''.{{fact}} *[[KBS Drama Awards 2007]]: ''Best Couple'' bareng [[Han Hyo-joo]] jeung ''Excellence in Acting Award for Daily Dramas'' liwat [[Like Land and Sky]].{{fact}} *[[MBC Drama Awards 2008]]: ''Newcomer Award'' liwat [[drama]] [[East of Eden]].{{fact}} *[[Asia Model Festival Awards 2009]]: ''Popular Male Star Award''.{{fact}} ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktor Koréa Kidul]] 670115f8wbmt68rmwlwxr3odfwy6h52 Park Han-byul 0 48832 729252 709854 2026-09-26T19:57:13Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Park Han-byul | image = Park ha byul at Ten K-378 Nike wireon Seoul.jpg | caption = Park Han-byul dina Ten K-378 Nike di Seoul 23 Oktober 2011 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1984|11|17}} | birth_place = [[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]] | other_names = Park Han-byeol | occupation = [[Aktris]], [[modél]] | years_active = 2002–kiwari | agent = [[YG Entertainment]] (2002-2004)<br> MSTeam Entertainment (2004-2011)<br>One Star Entertainment (2015-kiwari)<ref>[http://www.etvstory.com/index.php?mid=hotissue&document_srl=25651&order_type=asc Actress Park Han-byul launches one-man agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040125/http://www.etvstory.com/index.php?mid=hotissue&document_srl=25651&order_type=asc |date=2016-03-04 }}, Diaksés 1 Pébruari 2016</ref> | partner = [[Seven (panyanyi Koréa Kidul)|Se7en]] (2002-2014) <br> [[Jung Eun-woo]] (2014-2015) | website = | module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent | hangul = 박한별 | hanja = | rr = Bak Han-byeol | mr = Pak Hanbyǒl }} }} '''Park Han-byul''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|17|11|1984||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[modél]] jeung [[aktris]] [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="koreandrama">{{cite web|last=star.koreandrama|first=org|title=Park Han Byul »|url=http://star.koreandrama.org/park-han-byul/|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[koreandrama]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106092428/http://star.koreandrama.org/park-han-byul/ |date=2016-01-06 }}</ref> Han-byul mangrupa mahasiswi lulusan ti [[Sakola Luhur Seni Anyang]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Han Byul|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_han_byul/|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711013603/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_han_byul/|archivedate=2015-07-11}}</ref> Han-byul mimiti dipikawanohna mah ku sabab kamiripanna jeung [[aktris]] [[Jun Ji-hyun]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Han-byul mimiti aktingna dina pilem génré [[horor]] [[Wishing Star]].{{fact}} Demi éta [[pilem]], Han-byul diwajibkeun latihan balét hahanteman salila 2 bulan.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Berita ngeunaan kahirupan Han-byul teu bisa leupas ti mantan kakasihna, [[Se7en]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Maranéhanana geus papacangan salila 12 ti keur [[SMA]] kénéh.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sanggeus pepegatan dina taun [[2014]], Han-byul papacangan jeung [[aktor]] [[Jung Eun-woo]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> == Filmografi == ===Tipi=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun !! Judul !! Peran |- |rowspan=2| 2002 || ''[[My Fair Lady (sérial tipi 2003)|My Fair Lady]]'' || Su Yéon |- | ''Han River Ballad'' || Mee-ae |- | 2006 || ''[[Couple or Trouble]]'' || Oh Yu-gyung |- |rowspan=5| 2010 || ''[[Freeze (sérial tipi)|Freeze]]'' || Ji-woo |- | ''Blue Fish'' || Kang Yoon-jung |- | ''Couple Breaking'' || Han Yéo-kyéong |- | ''[[Everybody Cha-cha-cha]]'' (aka ''Jolly Widows'') || Han Jin-kyung |- | ''[[Oh! My Lady]]''|| Hong Yoo-ra |- | 2011 || ''Bolder By the Day'' || Lee Han-byul |- | 2013 || ''[[One Well-Raised Daughter]]'' || pikeun Ha-na |- | 2015 || ''[[The Girl Who Sees Smells]]'' || Joo Ma Ri (caméo ep 2) |- | 2015 || ''[[I Have a Lover|I Have A Lover]]'' || Kang Séol-ri |- |2015 |[[Running Man (sérial tipi)|Running Man]] |Herself<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- |} ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Yéar !! Judul !! Peran |- | 2003 || ''[[Wishing Stairs]]'' || Kim So-hee |- |rowspan=1| 2008 || ''[[Fate (pilem 2008)|Fate]]'' || Eun-yéong |- |rowspan=1| 2010 || ''[[Yoga Hakwon|Yoga]]'' || Yéon-joo |- | 2011 || ''[[My Black Mini Dress]]'' || Hye-ji |- | 2012 || ''Two Moons'' || So-hee |- | rowspan=1| 2013 || ''[[Bunshinsaba 2]]'' || Song Qian<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |} ===Vidio musik=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun !! Lagu !! Panyanyi |- | 2004 || "Without You" || [[1TYM]] |- |rowspan=2| 2010 || "Smiling Goodbye" || Soya n Sun |- | "I'm Going Crazy" || [[Seven (panyanyi Koréa Kidul)|Seven]] |- | 2012 || "Beautiful Night" || [[Ulala Session]] |} == Rujukan == {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] 29cubyvlkdsfi1dlvmb9g5pnf7177u4 Park Joo-mi 0 48834 729256 666533 2026-09-26T20:04:42Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Refimprove|date=Pébruari 2016}} {{Infobox person | name = Park Joo-mi | image = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|10|5}} | birth_place = [[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]] | occupation = [[Aktris]] | years_active = 1991-kiwari | education = [[Institut Seni Seoul]] - Broadcasting jeung Entertainment <br/> [[Universitas Sungkyunkwan]] - Pilem, Tipi jeung Multimedia | agent = [[C-JeS Entertainment]] | spouse = Lee Jang-won (m. 2001) | children = 2 anak | module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent| | hangul = 박주미 | hanja = ! | rr = Bak Ju-mi | mr = Pak Chu-mi }}}} '''Park Joo-mi''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|5|10|1972||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] [[Koréa Kidul]].{{fact}} Park Joo-mi ngamimitian karirna di dunya hiburan minangka saurang [[modél]] [[Asiana Airlines]], tuluy mimiti aktingna dina taun [[1991]], ku ngabéntangan [[drama]] saperti ''Beautiful Seoul'' ([[1999]]) jeung ''Feels Good'' ([[2000]]).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cho|first1=Suyoun|title=Original advertising queen Park Joo mi to be the new face of Delmont Korea|url=http://bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=4690|website=BNTNews|accessdate=2016-2-1}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223155637/http://bntnews.co.uk/app/news.php?nid=4690 |date=2014-12-23 }}</ref> Sanggeus bijil dina ''Ladies of the Palace'', Park Joo-mi nikah jeung saurang pabisnis [[Lee Jang-won]] dina taun [[2001]] sarta udur dina sababaraha waktu tina dunya akting pikeun pokus kana kulawargana.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kim|first1=Dong-joo|title=Park Joo Mi tells that her voice got louder while raising kids|url=http://en.starnnews.com/news/index.html?no=304593|website=StarN News|accessdate=2016-2-1}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223164045/http://en.starnnews.com/news/index.html?no=304593 |date=2014-12-23 }}</ref> lolobanaa mah Park Joo-mi sok merankeun peran [[protagonis]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Joo Mi|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_joo_mi/|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427101522/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_joo_mi/|archivedate=2015-04-27}}</ref> Park Joo-mi ngagabung dina agénsi [[Sidus HQ]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Park Joo-mi ogé pernah merankeun minangka Ratu Séon Déok dina [[drama]] [[King's Dream]] anu dipidangkeun di [[KBS Tv]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Filmografi== ===Sérial tipi=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:600px" |- ! width=10|Taun ! width=250|Judul ! Peran ! Jaringan |- | rowspan=2|1991 || ''[[Eyes of Dawn]]'' || || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] |- | ''Our Paradise'' || Myung-jin || MBC |- | rowspan=2|1993 || ''Walking All the Way to Heaven'' || Adina Gu Yéon-soo || MBC |- | ''Mountain Wind'' || || MBC |- | rowspan=3|1994 || ''Kkachi'' || Baek So-ra || [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] |- | ''Three Families Under One Roof'' || Im Ji-ae || MBC |- | ''Kareisky'' || || MBC |- | rowspan=2|1996 || ''Jo Gwang-jo'' || [[Queen Janggyeong]] || [[KBS2]] |- | ''Dad Is the Boss'' || || SBS |- | rowspan=3|1997 || ''The Angel Within'' || || KBS2 |- | ''One Thousand and One Nights'' || || SBS |- | ''Woman Eating [[Bap (kadaharan)|Bap]] Alone'' || Anak awéwé || SBS |- | rowspan=3|1999 || ''School 2'' || Kim Jung-in || KBS2 |- | ''[[Hur Jun (sérial tipi)|Hur Jun]]'' || [[Seonjo of Joseon|Lady Kim, Gong-bin]] || MBC |- | ''Beautiful Seoul'' || Yoo Hye-won || MBC |- | rowspan=3|2000 || ''Feels Good'' || Eun-young || MBC |- | ''School 3'' || Kim Jung-in || [[KBS1]] |- | ''Ajumma'' || pikeun Ah-young || MBC |- | 2001 || ''Ladies of the Palace'' || [[Gisaeng]] Ok Mae-hyang || SBS |- | 2011 || ''Believe in Love'' || Séo Hye-jin || KBS2 |- | rowspan=2|2012 || ''[[A Gentleman's Dignity]]''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lee|first1=Kyung-nam|title=Guess How Old the Beautiful Park Joo Mi Is|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/8116/guess-how-old-the-beautiful-park-joo-mi-is|website=enewsWorld|accessdate=2016-2-1}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223170014/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/8116/guess-how-old-the-beautiful-park-joo-mi-is |date=2014-12-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Park Joo Mi talks of her friendship with actor Jang Dong Gun|url=http://en.korea.com/blog/enter/tv/actress-park-joo-mi-talks-of-her-friendship-with-actor-jang-dong-gun/|website=Korea.com|accessdate=2016-2-1}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223082445/http://en.korea.com/blog/enter/tv/actress-park-joo-mi-talks-of-her-friendship-with-actor-jang-dong-gun/ |date=2014-12-23 }}</ref> || Kim Eun-hee || SBS |- | ''[[The King's Dream]]'' || [[Queen Seondeok of Silla|Putri Deokman/Ratu Seondeok]] (episode 1-18) || KBS1 |- | 2014 || ''The Story of Kang-gu'' || Yang Moon-sook || SBS |- | 2015 || ''[[Blood (sérial tipi)|Blood]]'' || Han Sun-young || KBS2 |} ===Pilem=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:600px" |- ! width=10|Taun ! Judul ! Peran |- | 2010 || ''[[Man of Vendetta]]'' || Park Min-kyung |} ===''Variety show''=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:600px" |- ! width=10|Taun ! Judul ! Jaringan ! Catetan |- | 1994 || ''Between Night and Music'' || [[KBS2]] || [[MC|Host]] |- | 1995 || ''Today Is a Good Day'' || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] || Host |- | 1996 || ''Scoop Entertainment City'' || MBC || Host |- | 2003-2005 || ''Yeo Yoo Man Man with <br/> Lee Hong-ryeol and Park Joo-mi'' || KBS2 || Host |- | 2013 || ''[[Golden Fishery#The Knee-Drop Guru|Golden Fishery: The Knee-Drop Guru]]'' || MBC || Béntang tamu, episode 20<ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Park Joo Mi Admits Getting Botox Treatments|url=http://www.soompi.com/2013/04/13/actress-park-joo-mi-admits-getting-botox-treatments/|website=[[Soompi]]|accessdate=2016-2-1}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094002/http://www.soompi.com/2013/04/13/actress-park-joo-mi-admits-getting-botox-treatments/ |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> |- | 2014 || 반달이 준 선물 || [[KBS1]] || Host |- | 2015 || ''[[Brave Family]]'' || KBS2 || Béntang tamu, episode 6-10 |- | 2015 || ''[[Happy Together (2001 TV series)|Happy Together]]'' || KBS2 || Béntang tamu, episode 396 |- |} ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] gzqmg8avv2c8op8yo7hi5k55o12oakt Park Ji-young 0 48835 729254 495376 2026-09-26T20:00:59Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Kahi | image = Park Kahi from acrofan.jpg | caption = Kahi dina acara konferensi pérs MBC Music dina 5 Marét 2013 | image_size = | birth_name = Park Ji-young | alias = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|12|25|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Daegu]], [[Koréa Kidul]] | death_date = | origin = | occupation = {{flatlist| * [[Panyanyi]] * [[dancer]] * [[koréografer]] * [[panulis lagu]] * [[aktris]]}} | agent = [[Pledis Entertainment]]<br> (2009-2015) <br /> Bonboo Entertainment<br> (2015-present) | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = panyanyi solo | genre = {{flatlist| * [[K-pop]]}} | years_active = 2000–kiwari | label = [[Pledis Entertainment]] (2009-2015) | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[After School (band)|After School]] * [[Son Dam-bi]]}} | website = }}}} {{Infobox Korean name | title = [[Ngaran Koréa]] | hangulstage = 가희 | rrstage = Ga-hui | mrstage = Ka-hŭi | hangul = 박지영 | hanja = {{linktext|朴|祉|映}} | rr = Bak Ji-yeong | mr = Pak Chi-yŏng }} '''Park Ji-young''' (leuwih dipikawanoh ku ngaran panggung '''Kahi''' {{lahirmati|[[Daegu]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|25|12|1980||||}}) nyaéta saurang aktris sarta panyanyi ti Koréa Kidul.<ref name="korea-fans">{{cite web|last=korea-fans|first=com|title=Kahi / Park Ji Young (발 지 요웅)|url=http://www.korea-fans.com/forum/konu-kahi-park-ji-young-%EB%B0%9C-%EC%A7%80-%EC%9A%94%EC%9B%85-eski-uye-former-member.html|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[korea-fans.com]]}}</ref> Kahi dipikawanoh minangka mantan pamingpin tina ''girl group'' [[K-Pop]] kasohor, [[After School]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Kahi|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_kahi/|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kiwari Kahi aktif minangka [[panyanyi]] solo.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Kahi mimiti kataji kana dunya seni ti keur umurna 16 taun.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Minangka saurang panyanyi, Kahi ngamimitian karirna minangka anggota ''girl group'' [[S.Blush]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Grup ieu suksés pisan, ngan hanjakal ku alesan tinangtu kudu bubar.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina taun [[2009]], Kahi resmi jadi pamingpin [[After School]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Kakara dina taun [[2012]], Kahi indit ti grup éta tuluy ngamimitian solo karirna, tetep dina naungan [[Pledis Entertainment]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Diskografi== ===Kompilasi=== *2014 - Who Are You?<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *2014 - Come Back, You Bad Person<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ===Album=== *2014 - Come Back, You Bad Person<ref name="kapanlagi"/> *2014 - Who Are You?<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] bpsd1egvjvcdcdquadimui3q5twgiss Park Min-woo 0 48836 729258 651591 2026-09-26T20:08:36Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Park Min-Woo | image = Park Min-Woo.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|3|22}} | birth_place = [[Daejeon]], [[South Korea]] | education = [[Universitas Kookmin]] - Teater jeung Pilem | occupation = [[Aktor]] | yearsactive = 2011–kiwari | agent = [[King Kong Entertainment]] | spouse = | module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent | hangul = 박민우 | hanja = 朴敏雨 | rr = Bak Min-u | mr = Pak Min-u }}}} '''Park Min-Woo''' ({{lahirmati|[[Daejeon]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|22|3|1988||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktor]] [[Koréa Kidul]].{{fact}} Park ngamimitian peranna minangka peran babantu dina sérial [[drama]] [[komédi]] [[romantis]] ''[[Flower Boy Ramen Shop]]'' taun [[2011]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Hwang|first=Hyo-jin|title=My Name Is: Park Min-woo|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2011113015504436858|work=10Asia|accessdate=2016-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kim|first=Ga-hye|title=난 TV를 켰네. 김바울 때문에! boys over tv 2.|url=http://www.voguegirl.co.kr/content/view_03.asp?menu_id=03060100&c_idx=011004020000751|language=Korea|accessdate=2016-2-1|7=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512230834/http://www.voguegirl.co.kr/content/view_03.asp?menu_id=03060100&c_idx=011004020000751 |date=2014-05-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Nancy|title=Park Min Woo is All Smiles for ''Vogue Girl''|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/2312/park-min-woo-is-all-smiles-for-vogue-girl|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2014-2-1}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512221230/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/2312/park-min-woo-is-all-smiles-for-vogue-girl |date=2014-05-12 }}</ref> Tuluy manéhna bijil dina drama [[tipi]], saperti ''[[I Need a Fairy]]'' taun [[2012]] jeung ''[[Play Guide]]'' taun [[2013]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Choi|first=Eun-hwa|title=Park Min Woo Cast in Upcoming Sitcom|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/2335/park-min-woo-cast-in-upcoming-sitcoml|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2016-2-1}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512222729/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/2335/park-min-woo-cast-in-upcoming-sitcoml |date=2014-05-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hong|first=Grace Danbi|title=Park Min Woo Buries Himself Under ''We Need A Fairy'' Scripts|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/10647/park-min-woo-buries-himself-under-we-need-a-fairy-scriptsl|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2016-2-1}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513010605/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/10647/park-min-woo-buries-himself-under-we-need-a-fairy-scriptsl |date=2014-05-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hong|first=Grace Danbi|title=Son Dambi and Park Min Woo to Help the Singles Find Love in New tvN Series|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/27297/son-dambi-and-park-min-woo-cast-in-play-guidel|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2016-2-1}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224015/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/27297/son-dambi-and-park-min-woo-cast-in-play-guidel |date=2014-05-12 }}</ref> Park Min-woo ogé salah sahiji aktor matuh ''variety show'' [[Roommate]] anu mimiti midang dina taun [[2014]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Min Woo|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_min_woo/|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913125702/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_min_woo/|archivedate=2014-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jin|first=Eun-soo|title=Cast confirmed for ''Roommate''|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2987031|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|accessdate=2016-2-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hong|first=Grace Danbi|title=''Roommates'' Releases New Photo of Cast|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/64639/roommates-releases-picture|work=enewsWorld|accessdate=2016-2-1}}</ref> ==Filmografi== ===Drama tipi=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Taun ! Judul ! Peran ! Jaringan |- | rowspan=2| 2011 | ''[[My Princess (sérial tipi)|My Princess]]''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> | peran leutik | [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] |- | ''[[Flower Boy Ramen Shop]]''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> | Kim Ba-wool | [[TVN (Koréa Kidul)|tvN]] |- | 2012 | ''I Need a Fairy''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> | Cha Kook-min | [[KBS2]] |- | rowspan=3| 2013 | ''Play Guide''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> | Park Min-woo | [[TVN (South Korea)|tvN]] |- | ''[[The Virus (sérial tipi)|The Virus]]''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> | Bong Sun-dong | [[Orion Cinema Network|OCN]] |- | ''[[Scandal: A Shocking and Wrongful Incident]]''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> | Batman | [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] |- | rowspan=3| 2014 | ''[[Can We Love?]]''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> | Choi Yoon-séok | [[jTBC]] |- | ''[[Flower Grandpa Investigation Unit]]''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> | young Han Won-bin | [[TVN (Koréa Kidul)|tvN]] |- | ''[[Modern Farmer (sérial tipi)|Modern Farmer]]''<ref name="kapanlagi"/> | Kang Hyéok | [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] |- | 2015 | Love Detective Sherlock K | Do Min-woo | [[Naver|Naver TV Cast]] |- |} ===Variety show=== {| class="wikitable" width=520 |- ! width=20| Taun ! Judul ! Jaringan ! Catetan |- | 2012 | ''Style Log'' | OnStyle | |- | 2014-2015 | ''[[Roommate (TV series)|Roommate]]'' | [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] | Anggota peran |- |} ===Vidio musik=== {| class="wikitable" width=520 |- ! width=20| Taun ! Judul lagu ! Panyanyi |- | 2010 | "Going Home" | [[Kim Yoon-ah]] |- | 2014 | "Day 1" | [[K.Will]] |} ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktor Koréa Kidul]] 0v1uy0v5tl1qe5xok1sz1eovtiuf4be Park Min-young 0 48837 729259 654339 2026-09-26T20:10:18Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Park Min-young | image = Park Min-young at the 2010 KBS Drama Acting Awards 544.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|3|4}} | birth_place = [[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]] | other_names = Rachel Park | religion = [[Katholik Roma]] | alma_mater = [[Universitas Dongguk]] - Teater jeung Pilem | occupation = [[Aktris]] jeung [[Modél]] | years_active = 2005-kiwari | agent = Culture Depot | website = | module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent| | hangul = 박민영 | hanja = | rr = Bak Min-yeong | mr = Pak Min-yŏng }}}} '''Park Min-young''' nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="idzsn">{{cite web|last=idzsn|first=com|title=Biodata Profil dan Foto Park Min Young|url=http://www.idzsn.com/biodata-profil-dan-foto-park-min-young/|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[idzsn.com]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225032958/http://www.idzsn.com/biodata-profil-dan-foto-park-min-young/ |date=2015-12-25 }}</ref> Ngaranna mimiti nanjak sanggeus ngabéntangan [[drama]] [[Sunkyunkwan Scandal]] taun [[2010]] jeung [[City Hunter]] taun [[2011]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Min Young|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_min_young/|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220025845/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_min_young/|archivedate=2016-02-20}}</ref> Park Min-young ngamimitian karirna ku ngabéntangan [[iklan]] [[SC Telecom]] ta4n [[2005]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Selang sataun Min-young ngabéntangan hiji [[sitkom]] [[Unstoppable High Kick!]] taun [[2006]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> == Filmografi == ===Sérial Tipi=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:600px" |- ! width=10| Taun ! Judul ! Peran ! Jaringan |- | 2006-2007 || ''[[High Kick!|Unstoppable High Kick!]]'' || Kang Yoo-mi || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | 2007 || ''[[I Am Sam (sérial tipi)|I Am Sam]]'' || Yoo Eun-byul || [[KBS2]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | 2008 || ''Hometown of Legends'' <br/> "Gumiho (Nine-tailed Fox)" || Lee Myung-ok ([[Gumiho]]) || [[KBS2]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | 2009 || ''[[Ja Myung Go]]'' || Princess Ra-hee || [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | rowspan=2|2010 || ''Running, Gu'' || Moon Haeng-joo || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | ''[[Sungkyunkwan Scandal]]'' || Kim Yoon-hee / Kim Yoon-shik || [[KBS2]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | rowspan=2|2011 || ''[[City Hunter (sérial tipi)|City Hunter]]'' || Kim Na-na || [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | ''[[Glory Jane]]'' || Yoon Jae-in || [[KBS2]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | 2012 || ''[[Dr. Jin]]'' || Yoo Mi-na / Hong Young-rae || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | 2014 || ''[[A New Leaf (sérial tipi)|A New Leaf]]'' || Lee Ji-yoon || [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | 2014-2015 || ''[[Healer (sérial tipi)|Healer]]'' || Chae Young-shin / Oh Ji-an || [[KBS2]]<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |- | 2015-2016 || ''[[Remember - War of the Son]]'' || Lee In-a || [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]<ref name="idzsn"/> |- | 2016 || ''Braveness of the Ming'' || Xie Yu Fei || [[LeTV]]<ref name="idzsn"/> |} ===Film=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:600px" |- ! width=10| Taun ! Judul ! Peran |- | 2011 || ''[[The Cat (pilem 2011)|The Cat]]'' || So-yéon<ref name="kapanlagi"/> |} === Music video === {| class="wikitable" style="width:600px" |- ! width=10| Taun ! Judul lagu ! Panyanyi |- | 2007 | "Don't Say Goodbye"<ref name="idzsn"/> | Kim Young-jin (I) |- | 2008 | "[[Stand Up (EP)|Haru Haru]]"<ref name="idzsn"/> | [[Big Bang (Band)|Big Bang]] |- | 2009 | "Love Story"<ref name="idzsn"/> | [[Gavy NJ]] |} ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] m9vcih5npm1trgydzcse760ikqxoa2l Park Jin-young 0 48855 729255 549404 2026-09-26T20:02:43Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Park Jin-young | image = Park Jin-young (Founder of JYP Entertainment) in February 2011 from acrofan.jpg | caption = Park taun 2011. | birth_name = Park Jin-young | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1971|12|13}} | birth_place = [[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]] | education = [[Yonsei University]] | occupation = [[Panyanyi-panulis lagi]], [[panari]], [[komposer]], [[produser rekaman|produser]], [[aktor]], [[CEO]] | years_active= 1994–kiwari | website = {{URL|http://jyp.jype.com/|JYP.jype.com}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = panyanyi solo | alias = JYP | instrument = [[Vokal]] | genre = [[K-pop]] | years_active = 1994–kiwari | label = [[JYP Entertainment]] | associated_acts = [[JYP Nation]] }} | module2 = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes | hangul = 박진영 | hanja = 朴軫永 | rr = Bak Jin-yeong | mr = Pak Chin-yŏng }} }} '''Park Jin-young''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|13|12|1971||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[Panyanyi-panulis lagi]], [[panari]], [[komposer]], [[produser rekaman|produser]], [[aktor]], sakaligus [[CEO]] anu asalna ti [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="Joing">{{cite web|last=Seon-yeong|first=Bae|title=스타부부의 이혼 충격, 어떤 속사정과 아픔이...|url=http://news.joins.com/article/3632281.html?ctg=15|accessdate=2016-02-05|website=[[Joins.com]]}}</ref> Park dipikawanoh ogé kungaran JYP, anu satuluyna jadi ngaran label milikna nyaéta [[JYP Entertainment]].<ref name="Joing"/> Park digedékeun di [[Seoul]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Jin Young|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_jin_young/|accessdate=2016-02-05|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220224648/http://www.kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_jin_young/|archivedate=2015-12-20}}</ref> Park lulus ti [[SMA]] [[BaeMyung High School]], sarta ngaraih gelar [[S1]] di jurusan [[Geologi]] ti [[Universitas Yonsei]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Park ngamimitian debut di taun [[1994]] manéhna milih jalur solo sarta ngarilis [[album]] ''Blue City''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina album éta aya lagu ''Don t Leave Me'' anu nyukséskeun manéhna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Park Jin-young nepi ka kiwari geus ngarilis 7 siki [[album]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Album-albumna téh di antarana; ''Blue City'' [[1994]], ''Tantara'' [[1995]], ''Summer Jingle Bell'' [[1997]], ''Even After 10 Years'' [[1998]], nepi ka album ka-7 ''Back To Stage'' [[2007]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Suksésna teu ngan saukur minangka [[panyanyi]] wungkul, JYP ogé nyitpakeun leuwih ti 31 [[singel]] jeung 25 [[album]] pikeun béntang-béntang kasohor kayaning [[Rain]] nepika [[Wonder Girls]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> JYP ogé suksésna lain di [[Koréa]] wungkul, tapi ogé pernah meroduseran lagu [[Will Smith]], [[Mase]] jeung [[Cassie]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Taun [[2008]], Park gawé bareng jeung [[Jackie Chan]] dina proyék ''I Love Asia''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Proyék éta tujuanna pikeun nulungan korban [[lini]] di [[Tiongkok]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> == Diskografi == === Album studio === * 1994: ''Blue City'' * 1995: ''Tantara'' * 1997: ''Summer Jingle Bell'' * 1998: ''Even After 10 Years'' * 1998: ''Kiss Me'' * 2001: ''Game'' * 2007: ''Back To Stage'' === EP === * 2009: ''Sad Freedom'' * 2012: ''Spring - 5 Songs for 1 New Love'' * 2013: ''Halftime'' * 2015: "24/34" == Filmografi == === Pilem === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun !! Judul !! Peran !! | Catetan |- | rowspan=2|2012 || ''The Wonder Girls Movie'' || Dirina || Peran pangrojong |- | ''Five Million Dollar Man'' || Choi Young-in || Peran pamingpin |- | 2013 || ''[[Queen of the Night (pilem 2013)|Queen of the Night]]'' || Locksmith || Caméo |} === Sérial tipi === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun !! Judul !! Peran !! Jaringan !! | Catetan |- | 2011 || ''[[Dream High]]'' || Yang Jin-man || [[KBS2]] || Peran pangrojong |- | 2011-2012 || ''[[K-pop Star 1|K-pop Star Season 1]]'' || Dirina || [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] || Juri JYP Entertainment |- | 2012 || ''[[Dream High Season 2|Dream High 2]]'' || Yang Jin-man || [[KBS2]] || Peran pangrojong |- | 2012-2013 || ''[[K-pop Star 2|K-pop Star Season 2]]'' || rowspan=3|Dirina || rowspan=3|[[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] || rowspan=3|Juri JYP Entertainment |- | 2013-2014 || ''[[K-pop Star 3|K-pop Star Season 3]]'' |- | 2014-2015 || ''[[K-pop Star 4|K-pop Star Season 4]]'' |- | 2015 || ''Dream Knight'' || The Moon || [[Naver|Naver TV Cast]] || Caméo |- | 2015 || ''[[The Producers (sérial tipi)|The Producers]]'' || Dirina || [[KBS2]] || Caméo, episode 3-4 |- | 2015 || ''[[Sixteen (sérial tipi)|Sixteen]]'' || Dirina || [[Mnet (channel tipi)|Mnet]] || Juri |- | 2015-2016 || ''[[K-pop Star 5|K-pop Star Season 5]]'' || Dirina || [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] || Juri JYP Entertainment |} ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:CJY Entertainment]] [[Kategori:Aktor Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Panyanyi Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Produser Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Komposer Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:CEO Koréa Kidul]] nefvqtrutjvlf005wl4j2y9383hvy2r Park Jung-min 0 48856 729257 545742 2026-09-26T20:06:53Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Park Jung-Min | image = SS501 jung min face.jpg | caption = Park Jung-min di Taiwan bulan Séptémber 2010 | birth_name = 박정민 | alias = ROMEO ;<br/>Japanese: パク・ジョンミン : 말, 박말 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|04|03|mf=yes}}<ref name="official" /> | birth_place = [[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]] | origin = [[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]] | occupation = {{flatlist| * [[Panyanyi]] * [[Panari]] * [[DJ]] * [[MC]] * [[Aktor]] * [[Modél]]}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = panyanyi solo | genre = {{flatlist| * [[K-pop]] * [[J-pop]] * [[Musik dance|Dance]] * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]}} | years_active = 2005–kiwari {{small| (Military Service)}} | label = {{flatlist| * [[DSP Media]] {{small| (2005–2010)}} * CNr Media {{small| (2010–2012)}} * [[Sony Music Taiwan]] {{small| (2010–2012)}} * Colourful Records/[[Victor Entertainment]] {{small| (2012–2013)}} * Yamaha A & R {{small| (2012–2013)}} * [[L&JIHO Entertainment]] {{small| (2014–present)}} * [[:ja:スカイコーポレーション (芸能事務所)|SKY CORPORATION]] {{small| (2014–kiwari)}} * Park Jungmin Inc. {{small| (2014–kiwari)}}}} | associated_acts = [[SS501]] | website = [http://www.parkjungmin.jp/ Official Situswéb]<br />[http://www.youtube.com/user/parkjungminofficial Official Youtube]<br /> [http://www.facebook.com/OfficialParkJungMin Official Facebook]<br />[http://twitter.com/JungMin0403 Official Twitter]<br />[http://www.instagram.com/parkjungmin8743/ Official Instagram] }}}} {{Infobox Korean name | title = [[Korean name]] | hangul = {{linktext|박|정|민}} | hanja = | rr = Bak Jeong-min | mr = Pak Chŏngmin }} '''Park Jung-min''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|3|4|1987||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[Panyanyi]], [[Panari]], [[DJ]], [[MC]], [[Aktor]], sarta [[Modél]] asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="official">{{cite web|last=ParkJung-min|first=Official|title=Park Jung Min Official website|url=http://www.parkjungmin.jp/free/profile/|accessdate=2016-02-05|website=[[parkjungmin.jp]]}}</ref> Park mangrupa anggota grup vokal Koréa [[SS501]].<ref name="official"/> Park ngamimitian karirna bareng jeung [[SS501]] taun [[2005]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Jung Min|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_jung_min/|accessdate=2016-02-05|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Park mangrupa jalma kadua anu lolos audisi pikeun ieu [[grup vokal]], nu bagéan ngeusi [[sora]] handap.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Taun [[2006]], Park jadi béntang tamu program radio anu jejerna ''Youngstreet''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Park ogé maénkeun peran utama minangka dirina sorangan dina program [[tipi]] anu judulna ''Human Theater 2010''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Park ogé pernah gawé jeung [[drama musikal]] ''Grease'', minangka Danny Park.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ku sabab perannna ieu, Park meunangkeun ''Golden Ticket Award'' pikeun ''Best Musical New Talent'' ngéléhkeun YeSung ([[Super Junior]]) sarta nominator lianna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Bulan [[Agustus]] [[2010]], Park ngadadarkeun yén dirina geus pindah agénsi sarta geus nandatanganan kontrak jeung [[CNR Media]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktor Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Panyanyi Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Modél Koréa Kidul]] avl46wo4gfz7ymp3up10juek4zx3ji9 Karéta api Cirebon Éksprés 0 48863 729175 707286 2026-09-26T13:17:18Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail line | name = Cirebon Éksprés | image = Kereta_api_Cirebon_Ekspres_melintas_langsung_Stasiun_Cikampek.jpg | caption = KA Cirebon Éksprés keur ngaliwatan Stasion Cikampék | locale = Daop 3 Cirebon | system = Karéta api éksprés | status = Teu Beroperasi | class = Éksekutip jeung Ékonomi AC Plus ''new image'' | stock = [[CC206]] | termini = [[Stasion Cirebon]]<br>[[Stasion Gambir]] | character = Lintas datar | owner = [[Kereta Api Indonesia]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi III Cirebon]] | gauge = 1.067 mm | elevation = | speed = 80-100 km/jam }} '''Karéta api Cirebon Éksprés''' atawa '''karéta api Ciréks''' nyaéta karéta api kelas éksekutip-ékonomi AC Plus ''New Image'' anu ngalayanan rute [[Stasion Cirebon]] - [[Stasion Gambir]].<ref name="KA Cirebon">[http://www.keretaapikita.com/ Informasi KA Cireks]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{id}} <small>diakses tanggal 5 Februari 2016</small></ref> Karéta ieu dioperasikeun ku [[Daérah Operasi III Cirebon]].<ref name="KA Cirebon"/> Ti tanggal 16 Agustus 2019, karéta ieu diubah ngrananna jadi [[Karéta api Argo Cheribon]]. Tilu ngaran Karéta ([[Karéta api Argo Jati|Argo Jati]], [[Karéta api Tegal Bahari|Tegal Bahari]] jeung [[Karéta api Cirebon Éksprés|Cirebon Éksprés]]) dijadikeun hiji ngaran wungkul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kereta-api.info/ka-argo-cheribon-meluncur-jelang-hut-ri-9405.htm|title=Rebranding, PT KAI Luncurkan KA Argo Cheribon Jelang HUT RI – Info Kereta Api|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-08-12|accessdate=2019-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415190306/https://kereta-api.info/ka-argo-cheribon-meluncur-jelang-hut-ri-9405.htm|archivedate=2023-04-15}}</ref> == Spésifikasi karéta == '''Berikut Ieu Stamformasi KA Cirebon Éksprés jeung KA Tegal Bahari:''' * KA Cirebon Ekspres/Tegal Bahari mawa 5 Kelas Éksékutip + 3 Kelas Ékonomi: ** 1 Lokomotip CC 206 Dipo Induk CN ** 1 Karéta Pembangkit (P CN) ** 5 Karéta Éksékutip (K1 CN) ** 1 Karéta Makan (KM1/M1 CN) ** 3 Karéta Ékonomi New Image (K3 2016 CN) * Lamun KA Cirebon Éksprés/Tegal Bahari mawa 6 Kelas Éksékutip + 3 Kelas Ékonomi nyaéta: ** 1 Lokomotip CC 206 Dipo Induk CN ** 1 Karéta Pembangkit (P CN) ** 6 Karéta Éksékutip (K1 CN) ** 1 Kereta Makan (KM1/M1 CN) ** 3 Karéta Ékonomi New Image (K3 2016 CN) * Lamun KA Cirebon Éksprés/Tegal Bahari mawa 7 Kelas Éksékutif + 3-4 Kelas Ékonomi nyaéta: ** 1 Lokomotip CC 206 Dipo Induk CN ** 1 Karéta Pembangkit (P CN) ** 7 Karéta Éksekutip (K1 CN) ** 1 Karéta Makan (KM1/M1 CN) ** 3-4 Karéta Ekonomi New Image (K3 2016 CN) == Stasion nu dilayanan == * [[Stasion Cirebon]] * [[Stasion Arjawinangun]] (Nu Jadwal Sontén wae) * [[Stasion Jatibarang]] * [[Stasion Haurgeulis]] * [[Stasion Cikampék]] (Nu jadwal isuk ka arah Jakarta) * [[Stasion Bekasi]] * [[Stasion Jatinegara]] * [[Stasion Gambir]]<ref name="KA Cirebon"/> == Jadwal == Karéta api Cirebon Éksprés dijalankeun 3 kali dina sapoé.<ref>[http://www.stasiunbandung.com/ Jadwal KA Cirebon Ekspres] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010142422/http://www.stasiunbandung.com/ |date=2014-10-10 }} {{id}} <small>diakses tanggal 5 Februari 2016</small></ref> Jadwal anu leuwih lengkepna tingali di [https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereta_api_Cirebon_Ekspres Wikipédia basa Indonésia] == Tingali ogé == [[Karéta Api]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Id}} [https://www.kereta-api.com/ Situs resmi PT Kereta Api Indonesia] {{Karéta-stub}} [[Id:Kereta api Cirebon Éksprés]] [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] h023dm5pvasn5mz8se5xcpvvv3vav6t Karéta api Tegal Bahari 0 48872 729181 707346 2026-09-26T13:45:02Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail line | name = Tegal Bahari | image = Kereta_api_Tegal_Bahari_melintas_JPL_1_Cikampek.jpg | caption = KA Tegal Bahari keur Ngaliwatan JPL 1 Cikampék | locale = Daop 4 Semarang | system = Karéta api jarak jauh | status = Teu Beroperasi | class = Éksekutip jeung Ékonomi AC Plus ''New Image'' | stock = [[CC206]] | termini = [[Stasion Tegal]]<br>[[Stasion Gambir]] | character = Lintas datar | owner = [[Kereta Api Indonesia]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi IV Semarang]] | gauge = 1.067 mm | speed = 70-90 km/jam }} '''Karéta api Tegal Bahari''' nyaéta karéta api kelas éksekutip-ékonomi AC ''New Image'' anu ngalayanan rute [[Stasion Tegal]] - [[Stasion Gambir]].<ref name="KA Tegal">[http://www.keretaapikita.com/ Informasi KA Tegal Bahari]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{id}} <small>diakses tanggal 6 Februari 2016</small></ref> Karéta ieu maké rangkéan ti dipo [[Cirebon]].<ref name="KA Tegal"/> Ti tanggal 16 Agustus 2019, karéta ieu diubah ngrananna jadi [[Karéta api Argo Cheribon]]. Tilu ngaran Karéta ([[Karéta api Argo Jati|Argo Jati]], [[Karéta api Tegal Bahari|Tegal Bahari]] jeung [[Karéta api Cirebon Éksprés|Cirebon Éksprés]]) dijadikeun hiji ngaran wungkul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kereta-api.info/ka-argo-cheribon-meluncur-jelang-hut-ri-9405.htm|title=Rebranding, PT KAI Luncurkan KA Argo Cheribon Jelang HUT RI – Info Kereta Api|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-08-12|accessdate=2019-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415190306/https://kereta-api.info/ka-argo-cheribon-meluncur-jelang-hut-ri-9405.htm|archivedate=2023-04-15}}</ref> == Spésifikasi karéta == '''Berikut Ieu Stamformasi KA Cirebon Éksprés jeung KA Tegal Bahari:''' * KA Cirebon Ekspres/Tegal Bahari mawa 5 Kelas Éksékutip + 3 Kelas Ékonomi : ** 1 Lokomotip CC 206 Dipo Induk CN ** 1 Karéta Pembangkit (P CN) ** 5 Karéta Éksékutip (K1 CN) ** 1 Karéta Makan (KM1/M1 CN) ** 3 Karéta Ékonomi New Image (K3 2016 CN) * Lamun KA Cirebon Éksprés/Tegal Bahari mawa 6 Kelas Éksékutip + 3 Kelas Ékonomi nyaéta: ** 1 Lokomotip CC 206 Dipo Induk CN ** 1 Karéta Pembangkit (P CN) ** 6 Karéta Éksékutip (K1 CN) ** 1 Kereta Makan (KM1/M1 CN) ** 3 Karéta Ékonomi New Image (K3 2016 CN) * Lamun KA Cirebon Éksprés/Tegal Bahari mawa 7 Kelas Éksékutif + 3-4 Kelas Ékonomi nyaéta: ** 1 Lokomotip CC 206 Dipo Induk CN ** 1 Karéta Pembangkit (P CN) ** 7 Karéta Éksekutip (K1 CN) ** 1 Karéta Makan (KM1/M1 CN) ** 3-4 Karéta Ekonomi New Image (K3 2016 CN) == Stasion nu dilayanan == * [[Stasion Tegal]] * [[Stasion Brebes]] * [[Stasion Losari]] * [[Stasion Babakan]] * [[Stasion Cirebon]] * [[Stasion Arjawinangun]] * [[Stasion Jatibarang]] (Sabaraha Jadwal) * [[Stasion Haurgeulis]] (Sabaraha Jadwal) * [[Stasion Cikampék]] (Nu Jadwal Péuting ka arah Tegal) * [[Stasion Bekasi]] * [[Stasion Jatinegara]] * [[Stasion Gambir]]<ref name="KA Tegal"/> == Jadwal == Karéta api Tegal Bahari dijalankeun 3 kali dina sapoé.<ref>[http://www.stasiunbandung.com/ Jadwal KA Tegal Bahari] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010142422/http://www.stasiunbandung.com/ |date=2014-10-10 }} {{id}} <small>diakses tanggal 6 Februari 2016</small></ref> Jadwal anu leuwih lengkepna tingali di [https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereta_api_Tegal_Bahari Wikipédia basa Indonésia] == Tingali ogé == * [[Karéta api Tegal Éksprés]] * [[Karéta api Tegal Arum]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Id}} [https://www.kereta-api.co.id/ Situs resmi PT Kereta Api Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207010112/https://www.kereta-api.co.id/ |date=2016-12-07 }} {{Karéta-stub}} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] j1578d1jyu625p2xfzznfr4llv1u1kx Park Shin-hyé 0 48879 729260 709855 2026-09-26T20:12:07Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Park Shin-hye | image = Park Shin-hye from acrofan.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|2|18|26}} | birth_place = [[Gwangju]], [[Koréa Kidul]] |occupation = [[Aktris]], [[Panyanyi]], [[Modél]] | years_active = 2003–kiwari | agent = S.A.L.T Entertainment | family = Park Shin-won (lanceuk) | notable_works = ''[[Tree of Heaven (sérial tipi)|Tree of Heaven]]'' <br/> ''[[You're Beautiful (sérial tipi)|You're Beautiful]]'' <br/> ''[[Heartstrings (sérial tipi)|Heartstrings]]'' <br/> ''[[Flower Boys Next Door]]'' <br/> ''[[The Heirs (sérial tipi)|The Heirs]]'' <br/> ''[[Pinocchio (sérial tipi)|Pinocchio]]'' | website = | module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent| | hangul = 박신혜 | rr = Bak Sin-hye }}}} '''Park Shin-hyé''' ({{lahirmati|[[Gwangju]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|18|2|1990||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]], [[penyanyi]], [[modél]] sarta panari asal [[Koréa Kidul]].<ref name="koreadrama">{{cite web|last=koreandrama|first=org|title=Park Shin-hye|url=http://star.koreandrama.org/park-shin-hye/|accessdate=2016-02-08|website=[[Koreandrama.org]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124094905/http://star.koreandrama.org/park-shin-hye/ |date=2016-01-24 }}</ref> Park kacatet minangka [[mahasiswa]] [[Universitas Chung-Ang]].<ref name="koreadrama"/> Ti leuleutik, Park geus mikaresep dunya [[akting]].<ref name="koreadrama"/> Nalika kelas 6 [[SD]], manéhna pernah miluan audisi pikeun vidio klip ''Ggot - Flower'' tina [[Dream Factory]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Shin Hye|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_shin_hye/|accessdate=2016-02-08|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sanggeus lolos audisi, manéhna mimiti ngaleukeunan karirna minangka [[panyanyi]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ti harita, manéhna mimiti dipikawanoh minangka [[panyanyi]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Lian ti nyanyi, Park sok ngabéntangan ogé sawatara judul [[pilem]] jeung [[sérial tipi]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Salah sahiji peranna nyaéta naika maén dina sérial ''You're Beautiful'' jeung Héartstrings.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Park mimiti dipikawanoh ku [[masarakat]] ti saprak merankeun peran Hang Jung-suh dina sérial [[Stairway to Heaven]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Manéhna tuluy ngabéntangan sérial [[drama]] nu judulna [[Tree of Heaven]] bareng jeung lawan maénna dina [[Stairway to Heaven]], [[Lee Wan]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sérial ieu pernah meunang kritik ti panongtonna ku sabab sawatara adegan mesra anu dilakukeun ku [[Lee Wan]] jeung Park saéstuna mah teu kudu dipidangkeun.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Sok sanajan kitu, kritikan éta teu matak jadi pangaruh négatif kana karirna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Malah mah ngaran Park mingkin nérékél sanggeus dipercaya nyanyikeun ''soundtrack'' sérial [[Tree of Heaven]] nu judulna ''However''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ngan hanjakal, ''single'' ieu teu asup kana [[album]] ''soundtrack'' [[Tree of Heaven]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Diskografi== ===Singel=== *''Prayer'' (Ost. Tree Of Héaven)  *''Lovely Day'' (Ost. You'Re Béautiful)  *''Without A Word'' (Ost. You'Re Béautiful)  *''It Was You'' (Ost. Cyrano Agency Ost) bareng [[Lee Min-jung]]  *''The Day We Fall In Love'' (Ost. Héartstrings/You'Ve Fallen For Me)  *''I Will Forget You'' (Ost. Héartstrings/You'Ve Fallen For Me) *''I Think Of You'' (Musik jeung Rumpaka) bareng [[Yoon Gun]] ===Filmografi=== *[[2006]] [[Love Phobia ]] *[[2007]] [[Evil Twin ]] *[[2010]] [[Cyrano Agency ]] *[[2010]] [[Green Days ]] *[[2012]] [[December 23]] ===Sérial Tipi=== *[[2003]] [[Stairway To Heaven]] *[[2003]] [[Non-Stop 4]] *[[2004]] [[Boom]] *[[2004]] [[Not Alone]] *[[2005]] [[Cute or Crazy]] *[[2006]] [[Seoul 1945]] *[[2006]] [[Tree of Heaven]] *[[2006]] [[Loving Sue]] *[[2006]] [[Bicheonmu]] *[[2007]] [[Goong S]] *[[2007]] [[Several Questions That Make Us Happy]] *[[2007]] [[Kimcheed Radish Cubes]] *[[2009]] [[You're Beautiful]] *[[2010]] [[My Girlfriend Is A Nine-Tailed Fox]] *[[2010]] [[High Kick Through The Roof]] *[[2010]] [[Hayate The Combat Butler (sérial tipi)]] *[[2011]] [[Heartstrings]] *[[2012]] [[Music And Lyrics]] (Réliti show 3 épisod) *[[2012]] [[Don'T Worry, I'M A Ghost]] (Drama husus saaksi) ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Panyanyi Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Modél Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Panari Koréa Kidul]] [[Kategori:Biografi]] 4goam3fdqk3svn49u6ldivb354yk8ty Kacang bogor 0 49068 729102 675161 2026-09-26T12:24:24Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = ''Vigna subterranea'' |image = Vigna subterranea.jpg |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Fabales]] |familia = [[Fabaceae]] |genus = ''[[Vigna]]'' |species = '''''V. subterranea''''' |binomial = ''Vigna subterranea'' |binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|(L.)]] Verdc. |synonyms = * ''Arachis africana'' Burm. f. * ''Glycine subterranea'' L. * ''Voandzeia subterranea'' (L.) Thouars * ''Voandzeia subterranea'' (L.) DC. |synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/ild-3577|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species|accessdate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023194925/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/ild-3577|archivedate=2021-10-23}}</ref> |}} '''[[Kacang Bogor|Kacang]] [[Bogor]]''' (''Voandzeia subterranea L.'') nyaéta kacang nu asalna ti [[Afrika]] beulah [[kulon]].<ref name=":0">Astawan, Made. 2009. ''Sehat Dengan Hidangan Kacang & Biji-bijian''. Depok: Penebar Swadaya</ref> Kacang ieu asup ka [[Indonésia]] nalika mangsa abad ka-20.<ref name=":0" /> Kacang ieu boga ngaran rupa-rupa saperti [[kacang]] [[bogor]], kacang bogo, kacang manila, kacang banten ([[Basa Indonésia|bs. Indonésia]]), kacang banten atawa kara pendem ([[Basa Jawa|bs. Jawa]]), kacang bogor, kacang bandung, kacang génggé, kacang jogo, kacang gondolo jeung kacang manila ([[Basa Sunda|bs. Sunda]]).<ref>Kays, Stanley J. 2011. ''Cultivated Vegetables of the World: a Multilingual Onomasticon''. Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers</ref> Kaonjoyan tangkal ieu nyaéta bisa hirup di [[taneuh]] nu unsur harana saeutik.<ref name=":0" /> Kacang ieu geus sumebar ka wewengkon [[Madagaskar]], [[Mauritus]], [[India]], [[Ceylon]], [[Malaysia]], [[Pilipina|Philipina]], [[Iowa]], [[Kalédonia Anyar|New Caledonia]], [[Australia]], [[Amérika Tengah]] tropis, [[Suriname]] jeung [[Brasil|Brazilia]].<ref name=":1">Fachruddin, Lisdiana. 2000. ''Budidaya Kacang-kacangan''. Yogyakarta: Kanisius</ref> == Ciri, Rupa jeung Gizi Kacang Bogor == === Ciri === Tangkal kacang bogor ieu mangrupa hérba sausum kalawan cabang-cabang ''lateral'' nu sulurna ka luhur taneuh.<ref name=":1" /> Tangkal ieu boga daun majemuk kalawan tilu daun leutik nu ngawangun rupa ''ellips''.<ref name=":1" /> Tangkéy daunna panjang jeung buluan.<ref name=":1" /> Kembang kacang bogor kaasup tipe [[kembang]] kupu-kupu. Kembang mucunghul ti kélél daun tur sumebar tumuwuhna.<ref name=":1" /> [[Mahkuta kembang]] warnana konéng ngora, konéng kolot kabeureum-beureuman jeung aya ogé nu warnana beureum kolot.<ref name=":1" /> Panjang tangkéy kembang teu leuwih ti 1,5&nbsp;cm.<ref name=":1" /> Sanggeus sistem penyerbukan, tangkéy kembang manjang tuluy asup ka jero taneuh jadi ''ginofora''.<ref name=":1" /> === Rupa === Numutkeun wujudna, kacang bogor dibagi jadi dua bagéan nyaéta:<ref name=":2">Rukmana, Rahmat. 2000. ''Kacang Bogor Budi Daya dan Prospek Usaha Tani''. Yogyakarta: Kanisius</ref> # Kacang [[bogor]] polong hiji, nyaéta kacang nu rumpunna ngahasilkeun polong nu dominan sikina hiji.<ref name=":2" /> # Kacang [[bogor]] polong ganda, nyaéta kacang nu unggal rumpunna ngahasilkeun polong nu dominan sikina dua.<ref name=":2" /> Dumasar kana ukurana, dibagi ku dua bagéan ogé nyaéta polong nu ukurana gedé jeung leutik gumantung kana tingkat kasuburan taneuh jeung kumaha cara miarana di kebon.<ref name=":2" /> Kacang bogor kaasup kana 18 rupa tatangkalan ''Leguminosae'' pangan nu bisa dijadikeun prospék nu alus pikeun komersial.<ref>Aykroyd,W.R. 1982. ''Legumes in Human Nutrition''. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</ref> === Gizi === Gizi nu aya di kacang bogor nyaéta [[karbohidrat]], [[protéin]] jeung lemak.<ref name=":0" /> Masing-masing lobana 65g, 16g jeung 6g per 100g.<ref name=":0" /> Total énergi nu dihasilkeun ku tilu zat gizi éta nyaéta 370 kkal/100g.<ref name=":0" /> Di jero protéina ngawengku asam-amino ésénsial nu penting pisan pikeun kaséhatan.<ref name=":0" /> Asam amino nu pangdominanna nyaéta ''metionin'' jeung ''lisin''.<ref name=":0" /> == Budidaya Kacang Bogor == === Sarat === Tangkal kacang bogor bisa dipelak kalawan subur di wewengkon nu rata-rata suhu taunana 19 - 27 darajat celcius ogé ku panonpoe nu cukup.<ref name=":1" /> Hujan nu idéalna nyaéta 500&nbsp;mm - 3.500&nbsp;mm/taun.<ref name=":1" /> Kacang bogor minangka tangkal nu umurna pondok.<ref name=":1" /> Tangkal ieu bisa tumuwuh kalawan gadé di daratan nu luhurna nepi ka 1.520 mdpl.<ref name=":1" /> Kalawan [[asam taneuh]] (pH) nyaéta 5,0 - 6,5.<ref name=":1" /> === Cara Ngolah Taneuh === Ngolah taneuh pikeun kacang bogor nyaéta saminggu saméméh dipelak kalawan di[[pacul]].<ref name=":1" /> Nalika taneuh di[[wuluku]], dibéré pupuk kandang lobana 3 ton/ha.<ref name=":1" /> === Melak === Jarak pelak nu dipaké nyaéta 60&nbsp;cm x 25&nbsp;cm.<ref name=":1" /> Melakna ku cara ngaliangan [[taneuh]].<ref name=":1" /> Unggal liang diasupkeun dua siki [[binih]].<ref name=":1" /> Saméméh dipelak, binih dikeueum sapeuting di cai tiis sangkan ngagancangkeun mucunghulna [[tunas]].<ref name=":1" /> Sangkan binih teu ruksak, di jero liang dibéré Furadan 3G saloba 30&nbsp;kg/ha.<ref name=":1" /> === Pupuk === Iwal ti [[pupuk kandang]], bisa ogé maké pupuk buatan nyaéta [[Uréa]] 100&nbsp;kg/ha, TSP 50&nbsp;kg/ha jeung KCl 50&nbsp;kg/ha.<ref name=":1" /> Pupuk TSP jeung KCl dibéré babarengan dina sakali pelak.<ref name=":1" /> Pupuk uréa dibéré tilu kali nyaéta ⅓ dosis dina nalika dipelak, ⅓ dosis nalika umur tangkal 21 HST (''hari setelah tanam'') jeung ⅓ nalika rék kembangan nyaéta 35 HST.<ref name=":1" /> === Nyiangan === Dilakukeun dua kali nalika tangkal umurna 4 MST (minggu sanggeus tanam) jeung 10 MST.<ref name=":1" /> Nyiangan dilakukeun kalawan maké sistem [[koréd]].<ref name=":1" /> === Panén === Tangkal kacang bisa dipanén nalika 140 - 170 HST.<ref name=":1" /> Tanda tangkal siap panén nyaéta daunna konéng.<ref name=":1" /> Panén dulakukeun ku cara nyabut sakabéh bagéan tangkal kalawan tarapti ku bantuan [[garpuh taneuh]].<ref name=":1" /> == Référénsi == [[Kategori:Fabaceae]] [[Kategori:Bahan kadaharan]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Tropis]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Industri]] tbg9l9c49uyzm6luufzgnkbqj5yw7nz Nicki Minaj 0 49737 729235 712989 2026-09-26T18:45:51Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox musical artist |Name = Nicki Minaj |image = Nicki Minaj MTV VMAs 4.jpg |Img_capt = |Landscape = |Background = solo_singer |Birth_name = Onika Tanya Maraj |Alias = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|12|8}}<br /> |birth_place = [[Saint James]], [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad jeung Tobago]],<ref name = "Dallas">{{cite web|url=http://www.tmz.com/2011/07/13/nicki-minaj-police-report-dallas-hotel-cut-lip-struck-face/|title=Police Report: Nicki's Asst. Struck Minaj w/ Suitcase|publisher=TMZ.Com|accessdate=3/11/2016}}</ref> |Died = |Origin = [[Queens]], [[New York]], [[Amérika Sarikat]] |Occupation = {{flat list| *[[Rapper]] *[[Panyanyi]] *[[Panulis lagu]] *[[Model]] }} |Height = 157 cm |Instrument = [[Vokal]] |Genre = [[Hip hop]], [[R&B]], [[Pop]] |Voice_type = [[Contralto]] |Years_active = |Label = {{flat list| *[[Young Money Entertainment|Young Money]] *[[Cash Money Records|Cash Money]] *[[Republic Records|Republic]]}} | associated_acts = {{flat list| *[[Chris Brown]] *[[David Guetta]] *[[Lil Wayne]] *[[Drake (rapper)|Drake]] *[[Meek Mill]]}} |URL = {{url|mypinkfriday.com}} }} '''Onika Tanya Maraj''' ({{lahirmati|[[Saint James]], [[Trinidad jeung Tobago]]|8|12|1982}}), sacara profesional dipikawanoh minangka '''Nicki Minaj''', nyaéta saurang rapper, panyanyi jeung panulis lagu turunan [[Trinidad jeung Tobago|Trinidad]]-[[Amérika Sarikat|Amérika]].<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1904488/Nicki-Minaj|title=Nicki Minaj: American rap singer and songwriter|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=3/11/2016}}</ref> Nicki Minaj dumuk di [[Saint James]], [[Trinidad jeung Tobago]] jeung ninina nepi ka umur lima taun.<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|url=http://kapanlagi.com/hollywood/n/nicki_minaj/|title=Profil Selebriti - Nicki Minaj|publisher=KapanLagi|accessdate=3/11/2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326185632/http://www.kapanlagi.com/hollywood/n/nicki_minaj/|archivedate=2016-03-26}}</ref> Nalika umurna lima taun, Nicki Minaj dibawa ku indungna ke [[Queens]], [[Kota New York]], [[Amérika Sarikat]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina bulan Agustus 2009 Nicki Minaj dikontrak ku label rekaman [[Young Money Entertainment|''Young Money'']] sarta ngarilis album debutna anu jejerna "[[Pink Friday]]" dina bulan Nopémber 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/nicki-minaj/chart-history/998160?f=305&g=Albums#/artist/nicki-minaj/chart-history/998160?f=305&g=Albums |title=Nicki Minaj Chart History at Billboard |accessdate=3/11/2016 |work=Billboard}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027125613/http://www.billboard.com/artist/nicki-minaj/chart-history/998160?f=305&g=Albums#/artist/nicki-minaj/chart-history/998160?f=305&g=Albums |date=2012-10-27 }}</ref> Album éta suksés nanjeur di posisi kahiji [[Billboard 200]] sarta sabulan sanggeus medalkeunna, album éta meunang [[Sertifikasi pajualan rekaman musik|sertifikat Platinum]] ti ''[[Recording Industry Association of America]]'' (RIAA).<ref name="RIAA Gold & Platinum">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Minaj&format=&go=Search&perPage=50|title=RIAA Gold & Platinum|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=3/11/2016}}</ref> Nicki Minaj jadi artis solo awéwé munggaran anu suksés nempatkeun tujuh singel dina tangga lagu [[Amérika Sarikat]], [[Billboard Hot 100]] sacara babarengan.<ref name="MTV News. MTV Networks">{{Cite news|url=http://rapfix.mtv.com/2010/10/08/nicki-minaj-makes-history-with-seven-billboard-hot-100-songs/|title=Nicki Minaj Makes History With Seven Billboard Hot 100 Songs|date=October 8, 2010|work=MTV News|accessdate=11 Maret 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011085217/http://rapfix.mtv.com/2010/10/08/nicki-minaj-makes-history-with-seven-billboard-hot-100-songs/ |date=October 11, 2010 }}</ref> Singel keduana, "[[Your Love]]" nempatan posisi kahiji dina tangga lagu ''Billboard Hot Rap Songs''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/chart-beat-wednesday-train-dirty-heads-nicki-1004101492.story|title=Chart Beat Wednesday: Train, Dirty Heads, Nicki Minaj|date=June 30, 2010|first=Gary|last=Trust|work=Billboard|accessdate=3/11/2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110040430/http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/chart-beat-wednesday-train-dirty-heads-nicki-1004101492.story |date=November 10, 2012 }}</ref> ==Awal kahirupan== Nicki Minaj kadaptar di [[sakola]] ''[[Elizabeth Blackwell Middle School 210]]'', di dinya manéhna maén [[klarinét]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Nicki nyokot spésialisasi [[musik]] jeung seni nalika sakola di ''[[LaGuardia High School]]''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Tina sawatara [[lagu]] jeung interviu bareng Nicki Minaj , sawaréh nyindekeun yén Nicki Minaj sauran [[biseksual]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina hiji [[wawancara]] manéhna ngedalkeun yén manéhna henteu ka awéwé henteu ka lalaki, manéhna teresep dicap [[biseksual]] atawa lain.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Nicki Minaj ngaaku manéha nyieun hiji gambaran [[harajuku]] [[Barbie]] nalika manéhna baris indit tina pasalingsingan kolotna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina album munggaranna manéhna nyiptakeun ngaran séjén nyaéta ''Roman Zolanski''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Karir== Nicki Minaj nyiptakeun sorangan [[album]] kompilasina dina ''mixtape'' sarta manéhna bijil dina [[majalah]] [[XXL (majalah)|XXL]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Taun 2008 Nicki Minaj jadi artis awéwé pangnyongcolangna taun harita dumasar vérsi ''Underground Music Award''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Nicki Minaj ngarilis ''Beam Me Up Scotty'', album kompilasina anu séjén dina bulan [[April]] 2009 anu meunang réspon positif ti [[BET]] jeung [[MTV]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Album debut munggaran Nicki Minaj, ''Pink Friday'' dirilis 19 Nopémber 2010.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Lagu-lagu dina album éta nepi kana jajaran lagu top jeung manéhna jadi artis awéwé munggaran anu miboga tujuh lagu anu asup kana ''Billboard Hot 100'' sacara babarengan.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Taun 2012, Nicki Minaj kapilih jadi juri [[American Idol]] bareng jeung [[Mariah Carey]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Diskografi== ===Mixtape=== * ''Playtime Is Over'' (2007)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nickiminaj.wikia.com/wiki/Playtime_Is_Over |title=Wiki Minaj - Playtime Is Over |accessdate=3/11/2016 |work=Wiki Minaj}}</ref> * ''Sucka Free'' (2008)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nickiminaj.wikia.com/wiki/Sucka_Free |title=Wiki Minaj - Sucka Free |accessdate=3/11/2016 |work=Wiki Minaj}}</ref> * ''Beam Me Up Scotty'' (2009)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nickiminaj.wikia.com/wiki/Beam_Me_Up_Scotty |title=Wiki Minaj - Beam Me Up Scotty |accessdate=3/11/2016 |work=Wiki Minaj}}</ref> ===Album=== * ''[[Pink Friday]]'' (2010)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> * ''[[Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded]]'' (2012)<ref name="kapanlagi"/> * ''[[Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded, the Re-Up]]'' (2012)<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/nicki-minaj-mn0001013175/discography |title=All Music - Discography Nicki Minaj |accessdate=3/11/2016 |work=All Music}}</ref> * ''[[The Pinkprint]]'' (2014)<ref name="allmusic"/> * ''Queen'' (2018) * ''Pink Friday 2'' (2023) ===Tur=== * ''[[Pink Friday Tour]]'' (2012)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nickiminaj.wikia.com/wiki/Pink_Friday_Tour_(2012) |title=Wiki Minaj - Pink Friday Tour (2012) |accessdate=3/11/2016 |work=Wiki Minaj}}</ref> * ''[[Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour]]'' (2012)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nickiminaj.wikia.com/wiki/Pink_Friday:_Reloaded_Tour |title=Wiki Minaj - Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour |accessdate=3/11/2016 |work=Wiki Minaj}}</ref> * ''[[The Pinkprint Tour]]'' (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nickiminaj.wikia.com/wiki/The_Pinkprint_Tour |title=Wiki Minaj - The Pinkprint Tour |accessdate=3/11/2016 |work=Wiki Minaj}}</ref> ==Rujukan== {{col|2}} {{reflist}} {{EndDiv}} [[Kategori:Panyanyi Amérika Sarikat]] fr71x7ho3qct2367ubkdzfmama6ikoq Paméla Anderson 0 49771 729244 658433 2026-09-26T19:36:37Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Paméla Anderson | image = Pam Anderson 2009.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Paméla dina acara ''Annual Hollywood Style Awards'' ka-6 di [[Beverly Hills, Kalifornia]] tanggal [[11 Oktober]] [[2009]] | birth_name = Paméla Denise Anderson<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|url=http://kapanlagi.com/hollywood/p/pamela_anderson/|title=Profil Selebriti - Pamela Anderson|publisher=KapanLagi|accessdate=3/11/2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409223128/http://www.kapanlagi.com/hollywood/p/pamela_anderson/|archivedate=2016-04-09}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1967|7|1}} | birth_place = [[Ladysmith, British Columbia|Ladysmith]], [[British Columbia]], Canada | other_names = Paméla Anderson Lee<br />Pam Anderson | occupation = Aktris, modél, produser tipi, aktivis, panulis | years_active = 1989–kiwari | spouse = {{marriage|[[Tommy Lee]]|1995|1998}}<br />{{marriage|[[Kid Rock]]|2006|2007}}<br />[[Rick Salomon]] (m. 2007–2008; 2014–2015) | partner = Tommy Lee<br />(1999–2001; 2008–2010)<br />[[Marcus Schenkenberg]] (2000–2001)<br />Kid Rock (2001–2003) | children = 2 | website = {{URL|http://www.pamelaanderson.com/|www.PamelaAnderson.com}} }} '''Paméla Denise Anderson''' (leuwih dipikawanohna '''Paméla Anderson'''; {{lahirmati|Ladysmith, British Columbia, [[Kanada]]|1|7|1967||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]] [[Amérika Sarikat|Amérika]]-[[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/pamela-anderson-9542470|title=Biography - Pamela Anderson|publisher=Biography.com|accessdate=3/11/2016}}</ref> Paméla dipikawanoh ogé minangka saurang [[modél]], [[produser]], [[panulis]], [[aktivis]] sarta béntang séksi anu sakapeung sok midang buligir di sajumlahing tempat.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ogé dipikawanoh ku ngaran '''Paméla Anderson Lee''' ti saprak nikah jeung pamaén drum [[Mötley Crüe]], [[Tommy Lee]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Paméla dumuk jeung dua anak lalakina ti pakawinanna jeung Tommy Lee anu pipirakan dina taun [[1998]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Taun [[2002]], Paméla tuluy ngajalanan hubungan pegat-nyambung jeung panyanyi [[Kid Rock]] nepika antukna nikah dina tanggal [[29 Juli]] [[2006]], tapi pakawinanna teu kungsi lila pepegaran dina tanggal [[27 Nopémber]] [[2006]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Karir== Mimiti karir Paméla nyaéta nalika dirina midang dina majalah [[Playboy (majalah)|Playboy]] dina bulan [[Oktober]] [[1989]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ti dieu minatna di dunya modéling mimiti tumuwuh, antukna Paméla nangtukeun pikeun dumuk di [[Los Angeles]] dina raraga ngudag karirna.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Pikeun nunjel profésina di dunya modéling, Paméla ngalkonan ''breast implant'' hsangkan katémpona pitajieun.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ti harita manéhna jadi salah sahiji ''covergirl'' majalah [[Playboy (majalah)|Playboy]] anu dilakonan ti taun [[1989]] nepi ka kiwari.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> <!-- ==Filmografi== ===Pilem=== --> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{authority control}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Aktris Amérika Sarikat]] hi29lt6mzzodj4fzbifku6eo8b6dh1z Maher Zain 0 49796 729218 673945 2026-09-26T16:57:40Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | name = Maher Zain | image = Maher Zain at Tuisa charity concert Essen Germany 2012.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Maher Zain di Tuisa charity concert Éssen, Jérman 2012 | background = solo_singer | native_name = ماهر زين | native_name_lang = ar | alias = | birth_name = Maher Mustafa Maher Zain | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1981|7|16}} | birth_place = [[Tripoli]], [[Lebanon]] | origin = [[Swédia]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = {{flat list | * [[panyanyi]] * [[panulis lagu]] * [[musisi]] * [[komposer]] * [[produser musik]] }} | genre = {{flat list | * [[R&B kontémporér|R&B]] * [[Musik soul|soul]] * [[Musik Islami|Islami]] }} | instrument = {{flat list | * Vokal * gitar * piano * ''keyboard'' * perkusi * ''synthesizers'' }} | years_active = 2009 - kiwari | label = [[Awakening Records|Awakening]] | associated_acts = {{flat list | * [[Irfan Makki]] * [[Mesut Kurtis]] * [[Raef (panyanyi)|Raef]] * Harris J }} | website = {{URL|http://www.maherzain.com/}} | notable_instruments = }} '''Maher Zain''' ({{lang-ar|ماهر زين}}; {{lahirmati|[[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]], [[Lebanon]]|16|7|1981||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[Muslim]] [[Swédia]] [[panyanyi]] [[R&B kontémporér|R&B]], panulis lagu sarta produser musik asli [[Lebanon]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|title=Profil Selebriti - Maher Zain|url=http://kapanlagi.com/hollywood/m/maher_zain/|work=Kapan Lagi|accessdate=3/12/2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225222626/http://www.kapanlagi.com/hollywood/m/maher_zain/|archivedate=2016-02-25}}</ref> Ku lobana fans [[Facebook]] dibandinkeun jeung artis [[Muslim]] lianna, Maher Zain meunangkeun pangajén minangka panyanyi sarta panulis lagu anu jadi béntang pangbadagna dina [[musik]] modérn Islami.<ref>{{cite news|title=Muslim pop megastar Maher Zain sings for Syria aid|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24920208|accessdate=12 Maret 2016|publisher=BBC News|date=13 November 2013}}</ref> Debut albumna nyaéta ''Thank You Allah'' anu dirilis taun [[2009]] liwat labél [[Awakening|Awakening Records]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Eusina 13 lagu jeung dua bonus ''track'', ieu album dipromosikeun liwat akun [[jajaring sosial]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Ieu album suksés ngaraih 8 Platinum Awards ti [[Warner Music Malaysia]] ku pajualan pangluhurna salila taun [[2010]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Jeung dina taun [[2011]], ieu album meunang Double Platinum Award ti [[Sony Music Indonésia]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Maher Zain nyanyi dina [[basa Inggris]], tapi manéhna ogé ngarilis sawatara laguna anu kasohor kana sawatara [[basa]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Lagu ''Insha Allah'' nyaéta salah sahijina anu geus aya dina vérsi [[basa Perancis]], [[basa Arab|Arab]], [[basa Turki|Turki]], [[basa Malayu|Malayu]] jeung [[Basa Indonésia|Indonésia]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> [[Fadly]], vokalis band [[Padi (band)|Padi]] ogé ngontribusi kana lagu Maher Zain anu judulna ''Rest Of My Life'' dina [[Basa Indonésia]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Maher Zain ogé miboga fans anu kawilang loba di [[Indonésia]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Dina bulan [[Januari]] [[2010]], Maher Zain meunangkeun pangajén ''Best Religious Song'' pikeun laguna, ''Ya Nabi Salam Alayka''.<ref name="kapanlagi"/> Bulan [[Maret]] [[2011]], Maher Zain ngarilis hiji lagu, ''Freedom''. Jeung dina bulan [[Juli]]na, Maher jadi ''cover'' majalah lifestyle [[UK Muslim]].<ref name="kapanlagi"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Panyanyi Islami]] [[Kategori:Panyanyi Lebanon]] p2w8jdq07rjut5t0341ta77dnpe5xbk Kelly Osbourne 0 49842 729187 712924 2026-09-26T14:06:03Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kelly Osbourne | image = | image_size = 225px | caption = Osbourne dina acara Fashion Show [[The Heart Truth]] ku Koléksi Raksukan Beureum, 2013 | birth_name = Kelly Lee Osbourne | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|10|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[London]], [[Inggris]] | occupation = {{flatlist| *Panyanyi-panulis lagu *aktris *présénter *desainer raksukan}} | years_active = 2001–kiwari | net_worth = $15,000,000 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/celeb/singer/kelly-osbourne-net-worth/ |title=Kelly Osbourne Net Worth|publisher=The Richest|accessdate=3/13/2016}}</ref> | television = {{plainlist| *''[[The Osbournes]]'' *''[[Fashion Police]]''}} | partner = Matthew Mosshart (2011–14) | parents = {{plainlist| *[[Ozzy Osbourne]] *[[Sharon Osbourne]]}} | relatives = {{plainlist| *[[Aimee Osbourne]] (lanceuk) *[[Jack Osbourne]] (lanceuk)}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = solo_singer<!--required field--> | genre = {{flatlist| *[[Pop punk]] *[[new wave music|new wave]] *[[synthpop]] }} | label = {{flatlist| *[[Epic Records|Epic]] *[[Sanctuary Records|Sanctuary]] *[[Universal Records|Universal]]}} | associated_acts = [[Ozzy Osbourne]] }} | website = {{URL|kellyosbourne.com}} }} '''Kelly Michelle Lee Osbourne''' (leuwih dipikawanoh: '''Kelly Osbourne'''; {{lahirmati|Westminster, [[London]], [[Inggris]]|27|10|1984||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]], musisi, présénter, sarta désainer baju.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/kelly-osbourne/bio/190322 | title = Kelly Osbourne Biography | publisher = TVGuide.com | accessdate = 3/14/2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829152230/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/kelly-osbourne/bio/190322/ |date=2018-08-29 }}</ref> Kelly anak ti pasangan [[Ozzy Osbourne]] jeung [[Sharon Osbourne]].<ref name="kapanlagi">{{cite web|url=http://kapanlagi.com/hollywood/k/kelly_osbourne/|title=Profil Selebriti - Kelly Osbourne|publisher=Kapan Lagi|accessdate=3/13/2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419185926/http://www.kapanlagi.com/hollywood/k/kelly_osbourne/|archivedate=2016-04-19}}</ref> Kelly boga dulur nu ngaranna Aimee Osbourne jeung Jack Osbourne, Kelly pernah boga masalah jeung obat-obatan sarta pernah ngajalanan sababaraha kali réhabilitasi.<ref name=kapanlagi /> Lian ti ngagugulung di dunya akting, Kelly ogé neuleuman industri [[musik]] ku ngarilis debut albumna [[Shut Up]] dina taun [[2002]].<ref name=kapanlagi /> Sawatara singel ogé dirilis ti saprak bijilna éta album.<ref name=kapanlagi /> Karir Kelly nu liannya nyaéta jadi présénter di babaraha acara.<ref name=kapanlagi /> Ogé icikibung di dunya dunya fashion anu nganteurkeun ngaranna minangka désainer fashion.<ref name=kapanlagi /> Teu ngan kitu wungkul, Kelly ogé nulis sarta medalkeun buku, sarta rutin ngeusi salah sahiji rubrik dina majalah [[Closer]].<ref name=kapanlagi /> ==Filmografi== *[[2002]] ''Austin Powers In Goldmember''<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2006]] ''Live Freaky! Die Freaky!''<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2008]] ''The Town That Boars Me''<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2010]] ''Devour''<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2011]] ''Should'Ve Been Romeo''<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2011]] ''So Undercover''<ref name=kapanlagi /> ==Diskografi== ===Album=== *[[2002]] SHUT UP<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2003]] CHANGES<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2005]] SLEEPING IN THE NOTHING<ref name=kapanlagi /> ===Singel=== *[[2002]] ''Papa Don'T Preach''<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2003]] ''Shut Up''<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2003]] ''Come Dig Me Out''<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2003]] ''Changes''<ref name=kapanlagi /> *[[2005]] ''One Word''<ref name=kapanlagi /> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{authority control}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Category:Aktris Inggris]] jm26lxtojr3gf281lmnm5nauxt2ip2t Tan Malaka 0 49861 729316 711789 2026-09-27T00:38:46Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info Jalma|name=Tan Malaka|image=TanMalaka DariPendjara ed3.jpg|caption=Tan Malaka di autobiografinya|birth_date={{birth date|1897|6|2|df=y}}|birth_place={{negara|Holland}} Nagari Pandam Gadang, [[Suliki Gunung Mas, Lima Puluh Kota|Suliki]], [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Hindia Belanda]]|death_date={{death date and age|1949|2|21|1897|6|2|df=y}}|death_place={{negara|Indonesia}} [[Kediri]], [[Jawa Timur]]|nationality={{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]|other_names=|occupation=Guru dan Pendiri Partai Musyawarah Rakyat Banyak (Murba)|known_for=[[Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia]]|religion=[[Islam]]|parents=Rasad Caniago (ayah)<br/>Sinah Simabur (ibu)}} '''Tan Malaka''' atawa '''Ibrahim gelar Datuk Sutan Malaka''' babar di Nagari Pandam Gadang, Suliki, Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat, 2 Juni 1897 - pupus di desa Selopanggung, Kediri, Jawa, Timur, 21 Februari 1949 pada umur 51 taun. Pamingpin Partai Komunis Indonésia ,<ref name="LOC">{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/14.htm|title=THE GROWTH OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|accessdate=7 Agustus 2012}}</ref> ogé pangadeg Murba Partéi ,<ref>[http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2008/08/11/LU/mbm.20080811.LU127973.id.html "Warisan Tan Malaka"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008052026/http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2008/08/11/LU/mbm.20080811.LU127973.id.html |date=2009-10-08 }} , Tempo Interactive, August 11, 2008</ref> sarta mangrupa salah sahiji Pahlawan Nasional Indonésia .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=Pahlawan&opsi=mulai-1|title=Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia (1)|website=Awards of the Republic of Indonesia|publisher=Sekretariat Negara|language=Indonesia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317161755/http://www.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=pahlawan&opsi=mulai-1|archivedate=2016-03-17|accessdate=9 Mei 2012}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021171506/http://www.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=Pahlawan&opsi=mulai-1 |date=2016-10-21 }}</ref> == Kahirupan == [[Gambar:Rumah_Kelahiran_Tan_Malaka.jpg|jmpl|275x275px| home kalahiran Tan Malaka urang]] Ngaran aslina tina Tan Malaka éta Sutan Ibrahim, bari Tan Malaka nyaéta ngaran semi-bangsawan mana manéhna meunang ti nasab indung. {{sfn|Jarvis|1987|p=41}} Ngaran lengkep nyaéta Sutan Sutan Ibrahim gelar Datuk Sutan Malaka. Tanggal kalahiran ieu masih didebatkeun, sedengkeun lahirna na ayeuna dipikawanoh ku ngaran Nagari Pandan Gadang, Suliki, Lima Puluh Kota, [[Sumatra Kulon|Sumatera Barat]] . Ibu sareng Ramana ngaranna HM. Rasad, tukang tani, sarta Rangkayo Sinah, putri hiji jalma terhormat di kampung. {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=53}} Dina mangsa budak leutik na, Tan Malaka resep neuleuman élmu agama sarta beladiri . {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|pp=53–54}} Dina 1908, anjeunna didaftarkeun ka Kweekschool (nagara guru sakola) dibFort de Kock. Numutkeun GH Horensma, salah sahiji guru di sakola, Tan Malaka éta hiji murid calakan, sok sanaos teu sasuai. {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=54}} Di sakola ieu, anjeunna ngarasakeun diajar [[Basa Walanda|bahasa Belanda]] , nepika Horensma ngusulkeun anjeunna janten guru dina sakola Walanda. {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=55}} Anjeunna ogé mangrupa pamaén bal berbakat. {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=54}} Sanggeus lulus ti sakola di taun 1913, anjeunna ditawaran gelar ''datuk'' jeung hiji gadis nu janten papancanganna. Najan kitu, manéhna ngan ukur narima gelar ''Datuk.'' {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=55}} Gelarna ditampi ku anjeunna dina upacara tradisional taun 1913. {{sfn|Poeze|2008|p=xv}} Sanajan ''diangkat jadi datuk'' dina bulan Oktober 1913, anjeunna ninggalkeun désana mun diajar di Rijkskweekschool (sakola pendidikan guru pamaréntah), ku hibah ku engku di desana. Sadugina di Holland, Malaka ngalaman shock budaya , sarta dina 1915, anjeunna ngalaman ti pleurisy . {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=56}} Salila nalungtik, pangaweruh ngeunaan revolusi mimiti muncul tur gugah sanggeus maca ''de Fransche Revolutie'' numana manéhna menang ti batur saméméh miang ka Walanda ku Horensma. {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=57}} Saatos Revolusi Rusia dina Oktober 1917, manéhna jadi resep diajar pamahaman ngeunaan Sosialisme jeung Komunisme. Saprak harita, anjeunna mindeng maca buku karya [[Karl Marx]] , Friedrich Engels na Vladimir Lenin . {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|pp=57–58}} [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] ogé jadi salah sahiji panutan. Ti harita manéhna mimiti teu resep ka budaya Walanda sarta kagum ka urang Jerman jeung Amérika Serikat. Kusabab loba pangaweruh ngeunaan Jerman, anjeunna bogankahayang jadi salah sahiji kakuatan tentara Jerman, tapi anjeunna ditolak kusabab Tentara Jerman henteu nampa asing. {{sfn|Mrázek|1972|p=7}} Teu lila tidinya manéhna papanggih jeung Henk Sneevliet ,salah sahiji pendiri tina Indische Sociaal Democratische Vereeniging (ISDV, hiji organisasi nu janten cikal bakal Partéi Komunis Indonésia ). {{sfn|Jarvis|1987|p=41}} Manéhna tuluy katarik ku tawaran Sneevliet anu ngajak manéhna gabung dina ''Onderwijzers Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging'' (SDOV, atawa Association Démokratik Sosial tina Guru). {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=182}} Saterusna dina bulan Nopémber 1919, anjeunna lulus tur nampi diplomas disebut ''hulpactie.'' {{efn|Sebenarnya Tan Malaka menginginkan ''hoofdacte'', yang statusnya setingkat lebih tinggi dari ''hulpactie''. Meskipun begitu, kesehatannya yang buruk membuatnya hanya bisa mendapat ijazah ''hulpactie''.}} {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=58}} Sanggeus lulus ti SDOV, manéhna balik ka désana. Anjeunna lajeng katampa tawaran ti Dr. CW Janssen ngajar barudak buruh tani perkebunan téh di Sanembah, Tanjung Morawa, Deli, Sumatra Kalér. {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=58}} {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=184}} Anjeunna anjog aya dina bulan Désémber 1919 sarta mulai ngajar barudak basa [[Basa Malayu|Melayu]] Januari 1920. {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=59}} {{sfn|Poeze|2008|p=xvi}} Salian ngajar, Tan Malaka ogé nulis sababaraha propaganda subversive keur kuli, katelah ''Deli Spoor.'' {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=184}} Salila periode ieu, anjeunna ngaobservasi kasangsaraan hirup kaum pribumi di Sumatra. {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=59}} Manéhna ogé berhubungan jeung ISDV sarta kadang ogé nulis keur media massa. {{sfn|Jarvis|1987|p=41}} Salah sahiji karyana nyaéta "Tanah téh Miskin", anu nyaritakeun ngeunaan bédana kabeungharan antara kapitalis jeung pagawe, anu ieu diterbitkeun dina edisi Maret ''Vrije Woord'' 1920. {{sfn|Jarvis|1987|pp=41–42}} Manéhna ogé nulis ngeunaan kasangsaraan kuli tani kebon enteh di Sumatra''.'' {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=184}} Saterusna, Tan Malaka jadi anggota calon Déwan Rahayat di pamilihan 1920 ngawakilan kaom kénca . {{sfn|Jarvis|1987|p=42}} Sanajan kitu, anjeunna ngundurkeun diri tanggal 23 Pebruari 1921 alesanna teu jelas. {{sfn|Syaifudin|2012|p=59}} Lajeng anjeunna muka sakola di Semarang di bantuan ku Darsono, tokoh Sarikat Islam(SI) Merah. Sakolana disebut sakola rakyat. sakola ngabogaan kurikulumnkayaning sakola di Uni Soviét, di mana unggal isuk sakabeh siswa nyanyi lagu ''International ".'' ''Tan ogé pernah patepung jeung loba pamingpin gerakan sapertos HOS Tjokroaminoto sarta H. Agus Salim.'' ''Dina otobiografina, Tan nganggap yen SI handapeun Tjokroaminoto nyaéta salahsahiji partai anu pangalusna anu kumanéhna nyaho .'' ''Tapi, Tan ngritik ayana perpecahan di organisasi SI, SI boga gol jeung taktik sangkan dibagi.'' Nepi ka ahir hirupna, Tan Malaka dikabarken can penah nikah, tapi anjeunna ngaku mun ngabogaan tilu kali dina cinta, nalika anjeunna di Walanda, Filipina, sarta Indonésia.<ref name="merdeka.com">http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/melajang-seumur-hidup-tan-malaka-hanya-3-kali-jatuh-cinta.html</ref> Di Walanda, Tan Malaka dikabarken sempet aya hubungan jeung gadis Walanda ngaranna Fenny Struyvenberg, murid médis anu mineng datang ka tempat kost. Basa di Filipina, anjeunna bogoh ka gadis ngaranna Carmen, putri urut pemberontak di Filipina jeung Réktor Universitas Manila. Samentara éta, lamun anjeunna masih di Indonésia, Tan pernah bogoh ka salahsahiji murid awéwé di sakolana, nyaéta Syarifah Nawawi .<ref>http://historia.id/persona/kisah-asmara-tan-malaka-antara-petualangan-dan-revolusi {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408221356/http://historia.id/persona/kisah-asmara-tan-malaka-antara-petualangan-dan-revolusi |date=2018-04-08 }}</ref> Alesan Tan Malaka teu nikah sabab perhatianna pikeun perjuangan kamerdakaan Indonesia.<ref name="merdeka.com"/> [https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Madilog Madilog] hiji istilah anyar ngenaan pola pikir, ku ngahubungkeun bukti ilmiah sarta ngamekarkeun jalan jeung métode luyu jeung akar budaya Indonésia salaku bagian tina budaya dunya. Bukti nyaéta kanyataan sarta kanyataan lanténa ilmu bukti ilmiah. Pikeun filsafat, idealisme anu poko nyaéta budi (pikiran), persatuan, pikiran sarta pengindraan. Filsafat materialis nganggap alam, objék jeung realita nyata sabudeureun sakumaha nu aya, sarta poko munggaran. Pikeun [https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Madilog Madilog] ( Materialism , Dialektika , [[logika]] ) nu poko sarta mimiti bukti, sanajan henteu acan bisa jadi dipedar dina rasional sarta logika, tapi lamun fakta salaku dasar bukti ilmiah anu konkrit, sanajan elmu pengetahuan sacara rasional teu tiasa ngajelaskeun sarta tacan bisa ngajawab naon, naha jeung kumaha. Sagala karya Tan Malaka tur masalahna dikasang tukangan ku kondisi Indonesia keur harita.Hususna rahayat Indonesia, kaayaan di Nusantara, ogé budaya jeung sajarah anu ditungtungan make cara langsung ngarengsekeun masalahna. Kumaha tradisi nyata Indonésia kalayan kasang tukang sajarah na teu cara teoritis pikiran jeung jang ngahontal Republik Indonésia geus dicetuskeun ku anjeuna saprak 1925 ngaliwatan ''Naar de Républik Indonésia.'' Lamun maca karya Tan Malaka nu ngawengku sadaya wewengkon masarakat, kanagaraan, politik, ekonomi, sosial, budaya jeung militér ( ''[https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/GERPOLEK Gerpolek]'' - Gerilya - [[Pulitik]] jeung Ékonomi , 1948), éta bakal kapanggih benang bodas kailmiahan jeung ka Indonesiaan sarta benang beureum kamandirian anu mangrupa sikap konsisten anu jelas kana gagasan-gagasan dina perjoangan. == pahlawan == Sanggeus Indonesia merdeka, Tan Malaka jadi salah sahiji panaratas jangjang kénca. Anjeunna ogé aub dina kajadian 3 Juli 1946 pikeun ngabentuk persatuan perjoangan jeung kasebut salaku dalang anu nyulik Sutan Sjahrir anu harita ngajabat salaku perdana menteri. Kusabab éta manéhna nepika di panjara teu di sidang heula pikeun dua satengah taun. Saatos pemberontakan Jawa bitu FDR / PKI di Madiun, September 1948 jeung kapamimpinan Musso sarta Amir Syarifuddin , Tan Malaka dibebaskeun tanpa sarat ti pajara. Di sisi séjén, sanggeus ngevaluasi kaayaan anu parah pisan keur Républik ndonesia lamtaran ku perjangjian Linggajati taun 1947 sarta ti Renville taun 1948, nu mangrupa hasil diplomasi Sutan Sjahrir tur Perdana Mentri Amir Syarifuddin , Tan Malaka ngamimitian ngadegkeun Murba Partéi , [[7 Nopémber|7 November]] [[1948]] di Yogyakarta. Sanggeus pemberontakan PKI / FDR di Madiun di éléhkeun ahir Nopémber 1948, Tan Malaka ka Kediri sarta ngumpulkeun sésa-sésa pemberontak PKI / FDR anu pas harita aya di Kediri, ti dinya anjeunna ngadegkeun pasukan Gerilya Pembela Proklamasi. Dina Pébruari 1949, Tan Malaka ditahan babarengan jeung sababaraha pengikutna di Pethok , [[Kota Kediri|Kediri]], [[Jawa Wétan|Jawa Timur]], sarta maranéhanana ditémbak maot di dinya. Teuaya sahiji pihak anu nyaho persis di mana makam Tan Malaka tur saha anu nangkap jeung nembak maot anjeunna jeung pengikutna. Tapi misteri éta akhirna kabongkar ti penuturan Harry A. Poeze, saurang sajarawan Walanda nyebutkeun yén anu nangkap jeung nembak maot Tan Malaka tanggal 21 Pébuari 1949 mangrupa pasukan TNI di handap kapangmimpinan Lt. Soekotjo ti Batalyon Flycatcher, Divisi Brawijaya. Kaputusan Présidén RI Nomer 53, ditandatangan ku Présidén [[Sukarno|Soekarno]] [[28 Maret]] [[1963]] netepkeun Tan Malaka salaku Pahlawan Nasional. Tanggal 21 Pébuari 2017, jasad Tan Malaka sacara simbolis dipindahkeun ti Kediri ka Sumatera Barat. Hal ieu diusahakeun ku kulawarga Tan Malaka jeung kelompok anu tergabung di Tan Malaka Institute. Kusabab gagal mawa jasad Tan Malaka sakabéhna, maranéhna mutuskeun jang ngirim sacara simbolis, kalawan mawa taneuh ti pakuburan Tan Malaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/jenazah-tan-malaka-sang-pemimpin-adat-dijemput-keluarga-cjrL|title=Jenazah Tan Malaka Sang Pemimpin Adat Dijemput Keluarga|last=Firman|first=Tony|website=[[Tirto.id]]|language=id|accessdate=2017-11-20}}</ref> == Tan Malaka dina fiksi == ''Gelar Patjar Indonésia,'' Tan Malaka mangrupa tokoh utama ti sababaraha hiji roman picisan anu terbit di Medan . Roman-roman éta ngisahkeun patualangan Patjar Merah'','' salah sahiji aktivis anu merjoangkeun kamerdékaan Indonésia, tina kolonialisme Walanda. Kusabab kagiatanna, manéhna kabur ti Indonésia sarta jadi buronan pulisi rasiah internasional. Salah sahiji roman ''Patjar'' merah anu kasohor nyaéta roman karangan [[Matu Mona]] dijudulan ''Spionnage-Dienst..Ngaran Patjar Merah'' sorangan asalna ti karya Baronesse Orczy anu judulna ''Scarlet Pimpernel ,nyaritakeun ngeunaan'' pahlawan ti Revolusi Perancis. Dina carita-carita éta salain Tan Malaka ogé aya tokoh-tokoh PKI jeung Pari, nyaéta Musso (sakumaha ''Paul Mussotte),'' Alimin ''(Ivan Alminsky),'' Semaun ''(Semounoff),'' Darsono ''(Darsnoff),'' Jamaluddin Tamin ''(Djalumin)'' jeung Soebakat ( ''BUMN Beng Kiat). Kisah-kisah'' fiksi mantuan nguatkeun legenda Tan Malaka di Indonésia, utamana di Sumatra.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.co.id/books?id=v0y4-dp9uEEC&pg=PA94&dq=rol+patjar+merah+indonesia&hl=id&sa=X&ei=G_--UYbbBo2zrAecyIGYAg&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=rol%20patjar%20merah%20indonesia&f=false|title=Dari pemberontakan ke integrasi: Sumatra Barat dan politik Indonesia, 1926-1998|last=Kahin|first=Audrey|publisher=[[Yayasan Obor Indonesia]]|year=2005|isbn=9789794615195|location=|page=94|author-link=|access-date=}}</ref> Sanggeus reformasi terus aya ogé dua novél nu ngisahkeun kahirupan Tan Malaka. mimiti tilu buku nu ditulis ku [[Matu Mona]] , nu kaopat jeung kalima ditulis ku Yusdja .<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.co.id/books?id=OFSgNa9J61YC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=patjar+merah+indonesia&source=bl&ots=WLyyywIcRp&sig=Bc2S64cOW0o8Nc31-wfiERBiQuQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=__y-UbjEDcn-rAf63IG4Aw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=patjar%20merah%20indonesia&f=false|title=Reading Southeast Asia: Translation of Contemporary Japanese Scholarship on Southeast Asia|last=Southeast Asia Program|first=Cornell University|publisher=SEAP Publication|year=1990|isbn=9780877274001|location=|page=188|author-link=|access-date=17 Juni 2013}}</ref> : Sedengkeun novél kagenep jeung katujuh hiji ditulis ku Peter Dantovski na Hendri Teja. * ''Spionnage-Dienst'' (1938) <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.co.id/books/about/Spionnage_dienst.html?id=UivAYgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=Patjar merah Indonesia|last=Mona|first=Matu|publisher=Centrale Courant en Boekhandel|year=1938|isbn=|location=|page=179|author-link=|access-date=17 Juni 2013}}</ref> * ''Indonésia roller Beureum Patjar CS'' (1938) * ''NKRI panggero'' (1940) * ''Moetiara Berloempoer: Tiga kali Patjar Merah Datang Membela'' (1940) * ''Patjar Merah Kembali ke Tanah Air'' (1940) * ''Setan Merah: Muslihat Internationale Tan Malaka'' (2012) <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/15974898-setan-merah|title=Setan Merah: Muslihat Internationale Tan Malaka|last=Dantovski|first=Peter|publisher=Indie Book Corner|year=2012|isbn=6028794503|location=|page=491|author-link=|access-date=11 Februari 2016}}</ref> * ''Tan : Sebuah Novel'' (2016) <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/28604340-tan|title=Tan:Sebuah Novel|last=Teja|first=Hendri|publisher=Javanica|year=2016|isbn=9786026799067|location=|page=430|author-link=|access-date=11 Februari 2016}}</ref> * ''Tan : Gerilya Bawah Tanah''(2017) <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36260648-tan|title=Tan:Sebuah Novel|last=Teja|first=Hendri|publisher=Javanica|year=2017|isbn=9786026799289|location=|page=507|author-link=|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref> == Bibliografi == [[Gambar:DariPendjaraKePendjara_3ed_titlepage.jpg|ka|jmpl| ''Ti panjara ka panjara'']] ** ''Parlemen atau Soviet'' (1920) ** ''SI Semarang dan Onderwijs'' (1921) ** ''Dasar Pendidikan'' (1921) ** ''Tunduk Pada Kekuasaan Tapi Tidak Tunduk Pada Kebenaran'' (1922) ** ''Naar de Republiek Indonesia (Menuju Republik Indonesia)'' (1924) ** ''Semangat Muda'' (1925) ** ''Massa Actie'' (1926) ** ''Local Actie dan National Actie'' (1926) ** ''Pari dan Nasionalisten'' (1927) ** ''Pari dan PKI'' (1927) ** ''Pari International'' (1927) ** ''Manifesto Bangkok''(1927) ** ''Aslia Bergabung'' (1943) ** ''Muslihat'' (1945) ** ''Rencana Ekonomi Berjuang'' (1945) ** ''Politik'' (1945) ** ''Manifesto Jakarta'' (1945) ** ''Thesis'' (1946) ** ''Pidato Purwokerto'' (1946) ** ''Pidato Solo'' (1946) ** ''Madilog'' (1948) ** ''Islam dalam Tinjauan Madilog'' (1948) ** ''Gerpolek'' (1948) ** ''Pidato Kediri'' (1948) ** ''Pandangan Hidup'' (1948) ** ''Kuhandel di Kaliurang'' (1948) ** ''Proklamasi 17-8-45 Isi dan Pelaksanaanya'' (1948) ** ''Dari Pendjara ke Pendjara'' (1970) == Rujukan == {{reflist}} ==Catatan kaki== <references group="lower-alpha"/> == Daftar pustaka == {{Refbegin}} * {{cite journal | last = Jarvis | first = Helen | year = 1987 | title = Tan Malaka: Revolutionary or Renegade? | journal = Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–55 | issn = 0007-4810 | url = http://criticalasianstudies.org/assets/files/bcas/v19n01.pdf | doi = 10.1080/14672715.1987.10409868 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811043214/http://criticalasianstudies.org/assets/files/bcas/v19n01.pdf |date=2011-08-11 }} * {{cite book | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | url = https://archive.org/details/nationalismrevol0000geor_y8o4 | last = Kahin | first = George McT. | year = 1952 | location = Ithaca, New York | publisher = Cornell University Press | isbn = 978-0-87727-734-7 }} * {{cite journal | last = Kusno | first = Abidin | date = November 2003 | title = From City to City: Tan Malaka, Shanghai, and the Politics of Geographical Imagining | journal = Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography | volume = 24 | issue = 3 | pages = 327–339 | publisher = Blackwell Publishing | doi = 10.1111/1467-9493.00162 }} * {{cite book | last = Malaka | first = Tan | last2 = Jarvis | first2 = Helen | title = From Jail to Jail | year = 1991 | location = Athens, Ohio | publisher = Ohio University Center for International Studies | series = Research in International Studies, Southeast Asia Series | volume = 1 | ref = {{sfnRef|Malaka & Jarvis 1991 Vol. 1}} }} * {{cite book | last = Malaka | first = Tan | last2 = Jarvis | first2 = Helen | title = From Jail to Jail | year = 1991 | location = Athens, Ohio | publisher = Ohio University Center for International Studies | series = Research in International Studies, Southeast Asia Series | volume = 2 | ref = {{sfnRef|Malaka & Jarvis 1991 Vol. 2}} }} * {{cite book | last = Malaka | first = Tan | last2 = Jarvis | first2 = Helen | title = From Jail to Jail | year = 1991 | location = Athens, Ohio | publisher = Ohio University Center for International Studies | series = Research in International Studies, Southeast Asia Series | volume = 3 | ref = {{sfnRef|Malaka & Jarvis 1991 Vol. 3}} }} * {{cite journal | last = McInerney | first = Andy | date = 1 January 2007 | title = Tan Malaka and Indonesia's Freedom Struggle | magazine = Socialism and Liberation | url = http://www.pslweb.org/liberationnews/news/07-01-01-tan-malaka-indonesias-freedom-s.html | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120820095802/http://www.pslweb.org/liberationnews/news/07-01-01-tan-malaka-indonesias-freedom-s.html | archive-date = 20 August 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820095802/http://www.pslweb.org/liberationnews/news/07-01-01-tan-malaka-indonesias-freedom-s.html |date=20 August 2012 }} * {{cite book | last = McVey | first = Ruth T. | title = The Rise of Indonesian Communism | url = https://archive.org/details/riseofindonesian00mcve | url-access = registration | year = 1965 | location = Ithaca, New York | publisher = Cornell University Press }} * {{cite journal | last = Mrázek | first = Rudolf | date = October 1972 | url = http://cip.cornell.edu/seap.indo/1107127733 | title = Tan Malaka: A Political Personality's Structure of Experience | journal = Indonesia | volume = 14 | pages = 1–48 | publisher = Cornell University's Southeast Asia Program | location = Ithaca, New York | doi = 10.2307/3350731 | hdl = 1813/53543 | hdl-access = free }} * {{cite book | last = Poeze | first = Harry A. | title = Verguisd en vergeten: Tan Malaka, de linkse beweging en de Indonesische Revolutie, 1945–1949 | year = 2007 | publisher = KITLV | location = Leiden | isbn = 978-90-6718-258-4 }} * {{cite book | title = Tan Malaka, Gerakan Kiri, dan Revolusi Indonesia | last = Poeze | first = Harry A. | year = 2008 | publisher = Yayasan Obor Indonesia | location = Jakarta | isbn = 978-979-461-697-0 | volume = 1 | others = translated by Hersri Setiawan }} * {{cite book | title = Mewarisi Gagasan Tan Malaka | last = Suwarto | first = Wasid | year = 2006 | publisher = LPPM Tan Malaka | location = Jakarta | isbn = 978-979-99038-2-2 }} * {{cite book | title = Tan Malaka: Merajut Masyarakat dan Pendidikan Indonesia yang Sosialistis | author = Syaifudin | year = 2012 | publisher = Ar-Ruzz Media | location = Yogyakarta | isbn = 978-979-25-4911-9 }} * {{cite book | title = Kematian Tan Malaka | last = Tamin | first = Djamaludin | year = 1965 | publisher = No publisher }} * {{cite book | title = Of Self and Nation: Autobiography and the Representation of Modern Indonesia | url = https://archive.org/details/ofselfnationauto0000wats | last = Watson | first = C.W. | year = 2000 | location = Honolulu | publisher = University of Hawaii Press. | isbn = 978-0-8248-2281-1 }} {{Refend}} {{Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia}} [[Kategori:Pahlawan nasional Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Artikel Peserta WSSA]] he9anj78u4ydysey8tyu64o7i8mqt0r Soedjatmoko 0 49862 729298 681238 2026-09-26T23:37:16Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox person |honorific_prefix = Dr. |name = Soedjatmoko |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_name = Soedjatmoko Mangoendiningrat |birth_date = 10 Januari 1922 |birth_place = {{flagicon|Walanda}} [[Kota Sawahlunto]], [[Sumatera Kulon]], [[Hindia Walanda]] |death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|12|21|1922|01|10}} |death_place = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Yogyakarta]], [[Indonésia]] |death_cause = |body_discovered = |resting_place = |resting_place_coordinates = |monuments = |residence = |nationality = |other_names = |ethnicity = |citizenship = {{flagicon|Indonésia}} Indonesia |education = |alma_mater = |occupation = Diplomat, akademisi |years_active = |employer = |known_for = |notable_works = |title = Anggota [[Konstituante]] |term = 1955–1959 |predecessor = ''Taya'' (dibentuk) |successor = ''Taya'' (dibubarkeun) |party = [[Partéy Sosialis Indonésia]] |religion = [[Islam]] |spouse = Ratmini Gandasubrata |children = Kamala Chandrakirana<br />Isna Marifa<br />Galuh Wandita |parents = Saleh Mangoendiningrat <small>(bapa)</small><br />Isnadikin <small>(ibu)</small> |relatives = [[Miriam Budiardjo]] <small>(adi awéwé)</small><br />[[Nugroho Wisnumurti]] <small>(adi lalaki)</small><br />[[Sutan Sjahrir]] <small>(lanceuk beuteung)</small><ref name="ugm">{{cite web |url=http://www.ugm.ac.id/en/?q=news/contemplating-soedjatmoko%E2%80%99s-thought-about-intellectuals |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224114/http://www.ugm.ac.id/en/?q=news/contemplating-soedjatmoko%E2%80%99s-thought-about-intellectuals |title=Contemplating Soedjatmoko’s Thought about Intellectuals |trans_title=Mempertimbangkan Pandangan Soedjatmoko tentang Kaum Intelektual |language=Inggris |publisher=Universitas Gadjah Mada |archivedate=2016-03-03 |accessdate=3/14/2016}}</ref> }} '''Soedjatmoko''' (ngaran lahir: '''Soedjatmoko Mangoendiningrat'''; {{lahirmati|[[Sawahlunto]], [[Sumatera Kulon]], [[Hindia Walanda]]|10|1|1922|[[Yogyakarta]], [[Indonésia]]|21|12|1989}}), ogé dipikawanoh ku jujuluk '''Bung Koko''', nyaéta saurang inteléktual, diplomat, sarta [[pulitik]]us [[Indonésia]].<ref name="ugm" /> Soedjatmoko minangka salah sahiji wakil Indonésia di [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] taun [[1966]], tuluy jadi Duta Besar [[Indonésia]] pikeun [[Amérika Sarikat]] dina taun [[1968]], dina mangsa harita ogé Soedjatmoko meunang sawatara gelar doktor honoris.<ref name="merdeka">{{cite web|url=http://profil.merdeka.com/indonesia/s/soedjatmoko/|title=Soedjatmoko - Profil|publisher=Merdeka.com|accessdate=3/14/2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222193419/http://profil.merdeka.com/indonesia/s/soedjatmoko |date=2014-02-22 }}</ref> Soedjatmoko pernah ogé jadi panaséhat pikeun Menteri Luar Negeri [[Adam Malik]].<ref name="merdeka"/> Sanggeus [[kajadian Malari]] dina bulan [[Januari]] [[1974]], Soedjatmoko ditéwak tuluy diinterogasi ku sabab diduga jadi parencana tindak protés éta.<ref name="merdeka"/> ==Atikan== *[[HBS]] [[Surabaya]]<ref name="merdeka"/> *Sakola Luhur Kadokteran di [[Jakarta]]<ref name="merdeka"/> *Littauer School of Public Administration di [[Universitas Harvard]], [[Amérika Sarikat]]<ref name="merdeka"/> ==Karir== *Dosen Tamu Sajarah jeung Pulitik Asia Tenggara di [[Universitas Cornell]], [[Amérika Sarikat]] ([[1961]]–[[1962]])<ref name="merdeka"/> *Duta Besar Indonésia pikeun [[Amérika Sarikat]] ([[1968]]-[[1971]])<ref name="merdeka"/> *Panaséhat husus Urusan Budaya jeung Sosial pikeun Kepala Badan Parencanaan Pangwangunnan Nasional ([[1971]])<ref name="merdeka"/> *Anggota déwan International Institute for Environment and Development, [[London]] ([[1971]]-[[1976]])<ref name="merdeka"/> *Anggota déwan diréktur [[Ford Foundation]] ([[1972]]-[[1984]])<ref name="merdeka"/> *Gubernur Asian Institute of Management ([[1972]]-[[1974]])<ref name="merdeka"/> *Gubernur International Development Reséarch Centre ([[1973]])<ref name="merdeka"/> *Rektor United Nations University ([[1980]]-[[1987]])<ref name="merdeka"/> ==Pangajén== *Panghargaan Ramon Masaysay ([[1978]])<ref name="merdeka"/> *Honorary Degree ti [[Yale University]], Cedar Crest College and Williams College di [[Amérika Sarikat]]; Kwansei Gakuin University di [[Jepang]]; Asian Institute of Technology di [[Thailand]]; jeung Universitas Sains Malaysia.<ref name="merdeka"/> *Honorary Degree ti [[Georgetown University]], Washington D.C, [[Amérika Sarikat]] nalika pangsiun ti jabatan Réktor.<ref name="merdeka"/> *Doktor honoris causa bidang hukum ti Cedar Crest College Pennsylvania ([[1969]])<ref name="merdeka"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}}{{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Inohong dari Sawahlunto]] [[Kategori:Duta Besar Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Inohong Jawa]] [[Kategori:Inohong Orde Baru]] fbt4rtfo0vqd4xifb2zxn1o032y3qzy Kakawatan 0 50235 729109 677129 2026-09-26T12:29:33Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |image = Cynodon dactylon 2.jpg |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]] |ordo = [[Poales]] |familia = [[Poaceae]] |genus = ''[[Cynodon]]'' |species = '''''C. dactylon''''' |binomial = ''Cynodon dactylon'' |binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Christian Hendrik Persoon|Pers.]] |synonyms = {{Collapsible list | {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; | *''Agrostis bermudiana'' {{Au|Tussac. ex Kunth}} nom. inval. *''Agrostis filiformis'' {{Au|J.Koenig ex Kunth}} nom. inval. *''Agrostis linearis'' {{Au|Retz.}} *''Agrostis stellata'' {{Au|Willd.}} *''Capriola dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Kuntze}} *''Capriola dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Hitchc.}} *''Chloris cynodon'' {{Au|Trin.}} nom. illeg. *''Chloris maritima'' {{Au|Trin.}} *''Chloris paytensis'' {{Au|Steud.}} *''Cynodon affinis'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon aristiglumis'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon aristulatus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon barberi'' f. ''longifolia'' {{Au|Join}} *''Cynodon decipiens'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon distichloides'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon erectus'' {{Au|J.Presl}} *''Cynodon glabratus'' {{Au|Steud.}} *''Cynodon grandispiculus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} nom. inval. *''Cynodon hirsutissimus'' {{Au|(Litard. & Maire) Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon iraquensis'' {{Au|Caro}} *''Cynodon laeviglumis'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon linearis'' {{Au|Willd.}} *''Cynodon maritimus'' {{Au|Kunth}} *''Cynodon mucronatus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon nitidus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon occidentalis'' {{Au|Willd. ex Steud.}} nom. inval. *''Cynodon pascuus'' {{Au|Nees}} *''Cynodon pedicellatus'' {{Au|Caro}} *''Cynodon polevansii'' {{Au|Stent}} *''Cynodon portoricensis'' {{Au|Willd. ex Steud.}} nom. inval. *''Cynodon repens'' {{Au|Dulac}} nom. illeg. *''Cynodon sarmentosus'' {{Au|Gray}} nom. illeg. *''Cynodon scabrifolius'' {{Au|Caro}} *''Cynodon stellatus'' {{Au|Willd.}} *''Cynodon tenuis'' {{Au|Trin.}} *''Cynodon umbellatus'' {{Au|(Lam.) Caro}} *''Cynosurus dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Pers.}} *''Cynosurus uniflorus'' {{Au|Walter}} *''Dactilon officinale'' {{Au|Vill.}} nom. illeg. *''Dactylus officinalis'' {{Au|Asch.}} nom. inval. *''Digitaria ambigua'' {{Au|(Lapeyr. ex DC.) Mérat}} *''Digitaria dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Scop.}} *''Digitaria glumaepatula'' {{Au|(Steud.) Miq.}} *''Digitaria glumipatula'' {{Au|(Steud.) Miq.}} *''Digitaria linearis'' {{Au|(L.) Pers.}} *''Digitaria linearis'' {{Au|(Retz.) Spreng.}} *''Digitaria littoralis'' {{Au|Salisb.}} nom. illeg. *''Digitaria maritima'' {{Au|(Kunth) Spreng.}} *''Digitaria stolonifera'' {{Au|Schrad.}} nom. illeg. *''Fibichia dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Beck}} *''Fibichia umbellata'' {{Au|Koeler}} nom. illeg. *''Milium dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Moench}} *''Panicum ambiguum'' {{Au|(DC.) Le Turq.}} *''Panicum dactylon'' {{Au|L.}} *''Panicum glumipatulum'' {{Au|Steud.}} *''Panicum lineare'' {{Au|L.}} *''Paspalum ambiguum'' {{Au|DC.}} *''Paspalum dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Lam.}} *''Paspalum umbellatum'' {{Au|Lam.}} *''Phleum dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Georgi}} *''Syntherisma linearis'' {{Au|(L.) Nash}} *''Vilfa linearis'' {{Au|(Retz.) P.Beauv.}} *''Vilfa stellata'' {{Au|(Willd.) P.Beauv.}} }} }} |synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-406339|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species|accessdate=2016-04-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307082857/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-406339|archivedate=2023-03-07}}</ref> |}} '''Kakawatan''' (''Cynodon dactylon'') nyaéta jukut liar anu gancang pisan ngarekahan jeung hésé dibasmina. Kulantran ieu jukut kakawatan kagolongkeun hama pikeun pepelakan (gulma), jukut kakawatan asup kana kulawarga ''Poaceae'' (''suku rumput-rumputan'') bisa hirup dina taneuh anu angar (henteu subur) sanajan dina mangsa usum halodo ogé. Jukut kakawatan, katelah ogé jukut ''raket'', gigirinting, girintingan ([[Sunda]]); ''suket grinting'' ([[Jawa]]); garinteng, gerinteng, rebha core koko ([[Madura]]); padang kawat, ''padang lepas'' ([[Bali]]); hu maneek, piku ([[Timor]]) jeung réa-réa deui.<ref name=Jonathan>{{Cite book | title =Taneuh angar, Sunda Language| first =Jonathan| last =Rigg| publisher =Lange & Co| location =Batavia| year =1862| pages =2|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=1PIUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA213&dq=KEHKEL&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj7qpOVitnTAhWBO48KHXrzCD8Q6AEIQDAD#v=onepage&q=heu&f=true|accessdate=(disungsi – 19 Pébruari2025)}}</ref> ==Ciri mandiri== Jukut kakawatan utamana ngaganggu kana pepelakan kebon saperti kebon [[jagong]], [[tiwu]], [[sampeu]], jeung sajabana. Sanajan geus di[[koréd]] jeung dicabut ieu jukut tetep bisa hirup deui lamun seug akarna napel kénéh dina taneuh sok padahal ngan saeutik.<ref>Farsani TM, Etemadi N, Sayed-tabatabaei BE, Talebi M. Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Using ISSR Markers. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(1):383-92.</ref> Tangkalna leutik, teuas, ngampar luhureun taneuh jangkung kurang leuwih 10–40&nbsp;cm, mangrupa jukut anu kuat ku [[halodo]]. [[Akar]]na bijil dina handapeun tangkal nyeceb kana jero [[taneuh]] kurang lewih aya kana saméterna, palapah daun panjang, bijil dina tangkal beulah kéca jeung katuhu, tungtung daun maréncos. Kembangna loba bijil tina tungtung tangkal mangrupa gagang. Cupatna aya opat pasanghareup sanghareup kénca kalawan katuhu unggal cupat dipinuhan ku siki buah anu ngajejer rapih nyinggareup ka handap kelirna [[héjo]] semu paul, unggal siki dibungkus kucangkang samodeh huut. Jukut kakawatan biasana kapanggih dina lahan anu mibanda suhu kurang leuwih 24 derajat Celsius ogé tempatna 1 -2.100 méter Luhureun cai laut (dpl) kalawan usum halodo anu leuwih panjang sarta cukup ku cahaya [[panonpoé]].<ref name="bidgeebush">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Bidgee_Bush.html?id=6J1VAQAACAAJ|title=Bidgee bush : an identification guide to common native plant species of the south western slopes of New South Wales |last=Walker |first=Karen |last2=Burrows|first2= Geoff|last3= McMahon|first3= Lynne |year=2001 |publisher=[[Greening Australia]] |location=[[Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory]] |isbn=1-875345-61-2 |page=82 |accessdate=21 March 2010}}</ref> ==Asal muasal== Jukut kakawatan (Cynodon dactylon) dipercaya mimitina ti daérah [[afrika]] [[wétan]], [[Asia]], [[Australia]] jeung [[Eropa]] beulah kidul, ogé ti [[India]]. Malahan di wewengkon India ieu jukut mangrupa masalah anu kacida daria pikeun kalumangsungan tatanén ku lantaran gancang pisan ngarekahan.<ref>[http://apps.cs.ipb.ac.id/ipbiotics/user/organism/detail/detail_organisme_obat.php?id=804 Jujukutan di India]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Mangpaat== Jukut kakawatan teu saeutik mibanda mangpaat pikeun kahirupan, contona di Indonésia ieu jukut di kawinkeun jeung jukut séjéna. Hasilna jukut anyar anu dimangpaatkeun pieun dipelak di lapangan [[golf]] atawa dijual pikeun jukut hiasa di buruan. Di India jukut kakawatan dimangpaatkeun pikeun ubar nyeuri [[panon]] jeung gangguan panon séjéna, carana ku jalan unggal isuk dinamangsa ieu jukut masih dipinuhan ku reumis tuluy waé pasen leuleumpangan dina luhureun amparan tangkal jukut ieu barijeung nyeker atawa henteu maké sendal. Mangpaat séjéna numutkeun panalungtikan anu dilaksanakeun di ''Universitas Allahabad'' di [[India]], ieu jukut mibanda sifat ''antimikrobial'' jeung ''antivirus'' tur geus jadi bahan pangwawadi pikeun ngubaran ''infeksi'' saluran ''kemih'', ''prostatitis'', ''sifilis'', dan ''disentri'' panalungtikan séjéna ngeunaan jukut kakawatan ieu dilaksanakeun ku ''Glycemic potensial'', hasilna nétélakeun ieu jukut mibanda ''anti-Diabetic'' nyaéta bisa nurunkeun kadar ''glucose'' dina [[getih]] kalawan dosis anu geus ditangtukeun, ku alatan Ieu jukut kakawatan ''Cynodondactylon'' mangrupa pilihan ubar pikeun kasakit ''diabetes''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://antonsutrisno.webs.com/apps/blog/show/8730426-rumput-grinting-cynodon-dactylon-bertahan-dan-menyebar-dengan-luar-biasa? |title=Arsip salinan |accessdate=2016-04-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902100200/http://antonsutrisno.webs.com/apps/blog/show/8730426-rumput-grinting-cynodon-dactylon-bertahan-dan-menyebar-dengan-luar-biasa |archivedate=2016-09-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902100200/http://antonsutrisno.webs.com/apps/blog/show/8730426-rumput-grinting-cynodon-dactylon-bertahan-dan-menyebar-dengan-luar-biasa |date=2016-09-02 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tifton.uga.edu/fat/tifton85.htm |title=TIFTON 85 BERMUDAGRASS |author=Glenn W. Burton, Roger N. Gates, and Gary M. Hill |publisher=University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences |accessdate=June 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020150833/http://www.tifton.uga.edu/fat/tifton85.htm |archivedate=October 20, 2019 }}</ref>). <gallery widths="200px" heights="160px"> File:Grass-karuka.jpg|Jukut Kakura File:Cynodon dactylon at Peradeniya Royal Botanical Garden.jpg|Kebon Jukut File:Cynodon dactylon.jpg|''C. dactylon'' hirup di [[Honokohau Settlement and Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park|Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park]] </gallery> ==Tempo ogé== {{portal|Gardening}} * [http://indonesia.tropicalforages.info/key/Forages/M...,Jukut Cynodondactylon ditempo 31/05/11 08:00]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plant=438 Jukut Plantamor,Grintingan (Cynodondactylon).01/06/11 09:23] * [http://www.proseanet.org/prohati2/browser.php?do... Prohati -Keanekaragaman Hayati Tumbuhan Indonesia Ditempo 31/05/11 08:26]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynodon_dactylondiunduh Wikipedia, the freeencyclopedia. Ditempo 31/05/11 07:45] ==Dicutat tina== Wong Grinting.Filosofi Grinting,http;//wonkgrinting.blogspot.com/2009/06/filosofi-gr...diunduh 31/05/11 08:35 Zuhud, E.A.M., Siswoyo, E. Sandra, A.Hikmat dan E.Adhiyanto. 2013. Buku Acuan Umum Tumbuhan Obat Indonésia Jilid X. Dian Rakyat. Jakarta. http://wiki.bugwood.org/Cynodon_dactylon {{reflist|31em}} ==Tutumbu Kaluar== {{Commonscat|Cynodon dactylon}} * [http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/DATA/PF000208.HTM FAO.org Factsheet: ''Cynodon dactylon''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830111118/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/DATA/PF000208.HTM |date=2010-08-30 }} * [http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=41619 Integrated Taxonomic Information System — Bermuda Grass (''Cynodon dactylon'')] * [http://www.alocasia.com.au/qld_saltmarsh_plants/herbarium/grasses-rushes-and-sedge-plants/greencouch Online Field guide to Common Saltmarsh Plants of Queensland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302085715/http://www.alocasia.com.au/qld_saltmarsh_plants/herbarium/grasses-rushes-and-sedge-plants/greencouch |date=2011-03-02 }} {{pondok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cynodon Dactylon}} [[Kategori:Chloridoideae]] [[Kategori:Poaceae]] [[Kategori:Jukut]] [[Kategori:Gulma]] 8nc7lkjopswi7o566ym8s6w6qqv8o3g Kakasangan 0 50300 729108 675214 2026-09-26T12:29:21Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Jukut kakasangan/kasang beureum/ramo kasang | image = Themed_argue_140612-1693_tdp.JPG | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Jukut kakasangan ''Themeda arguens''<br> ti [[Cihideung Ilir, Ciampea, Bogor|Cihideung Ilir]], [[Ciampéa, Bogor|Ciampéa]], [[Bogor]] |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Monokotil]] |unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]] | ordo = [[Poales]] | familia = [[Poaceae]] | genus = [[Themeda]] | species =''T. arguens'' | binomial = ''Themeda arguens'' ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Eduard Hackel|Hack.]]<ref>{{aut|[[Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de Candolle|Candolle, A.P. de]], & [[Anne Casimir Pyramus de Candolle|C. de Candolle]]}}. 1889. ''Monographiæ phanerogamarum :Prodromi nunc continuatio, nunc revisio...'' [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100890#page/660/mode/1up 6: 657.] Parisiis :G. Masson. [Apr 1889].</ref> |synonyms = *''Stipa arguens'' {{small|L.}}<ref>{{aut|[[Carl von Linne|Linne, C. von]] & [[Lars Salvius|L. Salvius]]}}. 1762. ''Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, ..'' [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42877#page/133/mode/1up Editio Secunda, Tome '''I''': 117.] Holmiae :Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, 1762-63.</ref> (basionym) {{small|sinonim leuwih lengkep tempo di ''The Plant List''}}.<ref>The Plant List: [http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-446389 ''Themeda arguens'' (L.) Hack.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216032905/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-446389 |date=2019-12-16 }}</ref> }} '''Kakasangan''' (''Themeda arguens'') atawa '''kasang beureum''', '''ramo kasang,''' nyaéta jukut liar anu hirupna di daérah anu mibanda [[iklim]] [[tropis]] tina kulawarga ''Poaceae'', ieu jukut kawilang jangkung, loba kapangih di wewengkon [[Asia]], [[Australasia]], [[Pasifik]], jeung [[Amerika]] kidul<ref>AusGrass2: [http://ausgrass2.myspecies.info/content/themeda-arguens ''Themeda arguens''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419095321/https://ausgrass2.myspecies.info/content/themeda-arguens |date=2023-04-19 }}</ref>. Di Indonésia hususna ieu jukut mibanda ngaran daérah, saperti: di [[Jawa]] disebutna ''sukĕt mĕrak-mĕrakan'', ''sukĕt mĕrakan''; ''rumpuik suntiĕng putiĕh'' di [[Minang kabau]]; di [[Madura]] disebutna ''rĕbha bhajhang-bhajhang, rĕbha jhang-bhajhang, rĕbha jhang pélé, rĕbha lampéjhang; curungceung'' [[Kagean]]; ''rumput genung'' dina basa [[sasak]]; ''tebuna manék'' di [[Timor]]; ''tĕgalngana'' [[Ternate]]<ref name=heyne200>{{aut|[[Karel Heyne|Heyne, K.]]}} 1987. ''Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia'' '''I''': 200-1. Badan Litbang Kehutanan, Departemen Kehutanan. Jakarta. (versi berbahasa [[Belanda]] [http://archive.org/stream/denuttigeplanten1922heyn#page/144/mode/2up -1922- '''I''': 145-6])</ref>; dina basa [[Inggris]] ''Christmas grass'' , atawa ''lesser tasselgrass''<ref name="PIE">{{cite web |url=http://www.hear.org/pier/species/themeda_arguens.htm |title=''Themeda arguens'' |accessdate=22 April 2014 |publisher=Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009020641/http://www.hear.org/pier/species/themeda_arguens.htm |archivedate=9 October 2021 }}</ref><ref name="USDA">{{cite web|url= http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?104135#dist|title=''Themeda arguens'' |accessdate=22 April 2014 |publisher=Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) - USDA}}</ref>. ==Pedaran== [[File:Themed argue 140612-1803 tdp.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Tangkal jeung daun]] Jukut kakasangan mikaresep tempat anu negrak henteu kahieuman, jeung cukup katojo ku cahaya [[panonpoé]] ogé taneuhna garing saperti tegalan, sisi [[jalan]], [[kebon]], [[huma]] jeung sajabana. Bisa hirup sanajan kakurangan [[cai]], katempona di sabaraha pulo di nagara Indonésia unu mibanda hujan leuwih saeutik, ieu jukut masih bisa hirup saperti di: Pulo [[Madura]], [[Nusa Tenggara Timur]] jeung [[Pulau Komodo]], Mangsana keur ligar kembangna mangkak kawas buntut [[merak]], ku alatan ieu pisan jukut kakasangan di wewengkon [[Jawa]] katelah ''rumput'' ''merakan''.<ref>[http://www.biodiversitywarriors.org/isi-katalog.php?idk=3631&judul=Rumput-Merak Habitat kakasangan]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jukut kakasangan jangkungna kurang leuwih 20 nepika 120 céntiméter, daunna aripis méncos ka tungtungnakeun panjangna 5 nepika 10 céntiméter lebarna 4 nepika 7 mili méter <ref>[http://medmedshafira.blogspot.co.id/2012/12/themeda-arguens-l-hack.html Ciri daun kakasangan]</ref>, tangkalna bubukuan, leutik tur gepéng, kelirna semu beureum sakapeung semu konéng jero tangkal pejel henteu molongo<ref name="inaturalist">{{cite web|url= https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/155852-Themeda-arguens|title=''Themeda arguens'' |accessdate=22 April 2014 |publisher=Inaturalist}}</ref>. Kembangna ngarantuy bijil dina cupatna (''fasciculate'') , cupatna bijil tina sela-sela puhu [[daun]] jeung [[tangkal]] lebah bukuna, (''dwiseksual'') nyaéta mibanda alat pikeun baranahan jalu jeung bikang aya dina hiji kembang. Unggal kembang mibanda tilu ''benang sari'' jeung dua ''kepala putik'', Buahna (spikelet) eliptis panjang 8-10 miliméter, dina mangsana murang, bakal murag jeung cupatna.<ref name="KEW">{{cite web|url= http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db/www/imp10302.htm|title=''Themeda arguens'' |accessdate=22 April 2014 |publisher=RBG Kew - GrassBase}}</ref> ==Tempat hirup== Jukut kakasangan hirup nyebar ka wewengkon [[Asia Tropis]], [[India]], [[Indo china]], [[Malaysia]], jeung [[Papua]], kabeulah wétan [[Australia]], jeung [[Pasifik]], aya ogé di daérah [[Karibia]] di [[Amerika Tengah]].<ref name="KEW"/> Di [[Nusantara]], ieu jukut loba kapanggih di [[Sumatera]], [[Bangka]], [[Jawa]], [[Madura]], [[Nusa Tenggara]], [[Sulawesi]], [[Ambon]], dan [[Ternate]]<ref name=heyne200/>. Biasana kapanggih hirup mangrupa dapuran nyaéta kumpulan tina sababaraha tangkal, ayana di sisi [[leuweung]], tegalan, sisi jalan jeung tempat séjén anu negrak tur cukup ku cahaya [[panonpoé]] jeung taneuh anu garing bisa taneuh tela, taneuh beureum anapon [[taneuh]] anu ngandung [[cadas]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?104135#dist|title=Themeda Arguens |accessdate=22 April 2014 |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref> . <Gallery> Themed argue 140612-1695 tdp.JPG|Dapuran jukut kakasangan Themed argue 140612-1803 tdp.JPG|Tangkal jeung daun jukut kakasangan Flora Atlantica, sive, Historia plantarum quae in Atlante, agro Tunetano et Algeriensi crescunt (Plate 254) (9301036594).jpg|Gambaran jukut kakasangan </Gallery> ==Tutumbu kaluar== *[http://medmedshafira.blogspot.co.id/2012/12/themeda-arguens-l-hack.html Morfologi dan Jalan Tabel] *[http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plant=1241 Informasi spesies] *[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jFVGiHQKlMjDchMpmSO914aGtee_tBFjuYris_NRgvg/edit Habitat jukut kakasangan] ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist|2}} {{Pondok}} [[Kategori:Poaceae]] [[Kategori:Jukut]] [[Kategori:Gulma]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] snkubwms1thy7d0ciy0n7sei0ngj4sg Kaliki 0 50357 729117 711672 2026-09-26T12:34:52Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|genus sato ''Ricinus'' (Insecta, Phthiraptera) |Ricinus (sato)}} {{italic title}} {{taxobox |name = ''Kaliki'' |image = Ricinus communis-xavier cottage-yercaud-India.JPG |image_caption = [[Tangkal]] jeung [[daun]] kaliki |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Malpighiales]] |familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]] |subfamilia = [[Acalyphoideae]] |tribus = [[Acalypheae]] |subtribus = '''Ricininae'''<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=Rizzardo|first1=RA|last2=Milfont|first2=MO|last3=Silva|first3=EM|last4=Freitas|first4=BM|title=Apis mellifera pollination improves agronomic productivity of anemophilous castor bean (Ricinus communis).|journal=Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias|date=December 2012|volume=84|issue=4|pages=1137–45|pmid=22990600|doi=10.1590/s0001-37652012005000057}}</ref> |genus = '''''Ricinus''''' |genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |species = '''''R. communis''''' |binomial = ''Ricinus communis'' |binomial_authority = L. }} '''Kaliki''' (''Ricinus communis'') nyaéta tangkal anu hirupna nahun, kembangan, buahna ngaranggeuy tur baruluan, daunna ngan hiji dina sagagang ngarangkadak kawas ramo jumlahna aya 7 nepika 9 ramo, mangrupa hiji-hijana ''spesies'' dina genus ''monotypic'', ''Recininae'', Tangkalna ngarungkun, Tangkal kaliki mibanda ngaran daérah anu béda-béda, di [[Jawa]] disebut jarak, balacai [[ternate]], paku penuai [[timor]], di [[Sumatra]] tangkal kalili disebut Dulang aya ogé anu nyebut Gloah, di [[Madura]] disebut Kalek<ref>[http://tanamanjarak.blogspot.co.id/2013/02/berbagai-kandungan-biji-jarak.html ngaran Jeung mangpaat kaliki]</ref>. Mangsa dewasa tangkal kaliki buleudan tangkalna bisa nepikeun ka 10–40&nbsp;cm, ku bantuan alat-alat moderen tangkal kaliki kiwari keur ditaluntik ngeunaan ''evolusi'' tur patula patalina jeung ''spesies'' séjén.<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023044910/http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2014-10-23 |accessdate=2014-10-17 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193126/http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> ==Pedaran== ''Communis ricinus'' atawa kaliki mibanda loba ''varietas'' anu mibanda ciri mandiri séwang-séwangan naha dina kabiasaan hirup atawa dina katempona (variabilitas). Kaliki geus dipelak kalawan dina jumlah anu loba pikeun diala sikina anumangrupa bahan piminyakeun/diolah pikeun diarah minyakna , dina tumuwuhna tangkal kaliki gancang pisan mangrupa rungkun anu nahun tangkalna bisa waé nepika 12 méter hanjakal tangkal kaliki henteu bisa tumuwuh di wewengkon anu tiis.<ref name="Brickell">{{cite book |editor=Christopher Brickell |title=The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants |url=https://archive.org/details/royalhorticultur0000unse_n4w1 |year=1996 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/royalhorticultur0000unse_n4w1/page/884 884]–885 |publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]] |location=London |isbn=0-7513-0303-8}}</ref> ==Sajarah== Siki kaliki geus kapanggih dina kuburan-kuburan di Mesir, minyakna lila hurung loba dimangpaatkeu pikeun [[cempor]], [[obor]], jeung lampu paragi nyaangan anu séjéna. di Yunani dipaké ogé pikeun ubar gosok, ubar nyeri beuteung, jeung paragi nyuburkeun [[buuk]]. ''The Ebers Papyrus'' nyaéta catetan ubar-ubar jaman Mesir. ==Mangpaat kaliki== Anu ilahar dimangpaatkeun tina tangkal kaliki nyaéta: #[[Daun]] kaliki mibanda mangpaat pikeun ngubaran bunghak beuteung alatan asup angin ogé nyeuri beuteung alatan hésé miceun #[[Gagang]] daun kaliki bisa dipaké ngubaran nyeri [[ceuli]] #[[Geutah]]na bisa dimangpaatkeun pikeun ngubaran raheut, jeung [[kulit]] bolédéh ku sabab sariawan, atawa raheut séjéna #[[Siki]]na diarah minyakna pikeun loba kabutuhan<ref name="Kaliki">{{cite web|http://manfaatnyasehat.blogspot.co.id/2014/09/manfaat-daun-jarak-pagar-biji-getah-dan.html|title=Mangpaat geutah kaliki (Di tempo 12 Mei 2016)}}</ref> <gallery> Ricinus communis at Venezuela.JPG|Tangkal kaliki Starr 080609-8055 Ricinus communis.jpg|Daun kaliki Ricinus communis, blossom.jpg|Kembang Starr 070308-5267 Ricinus communis.jpg|[[Buah]] kaliki saranggeuy Castor beans1.jpg|Siki buah kaliki mangsa geus kolot Arabia Steamboat Museum - Kansas City, MO - DSC07290.JPG|Kaliki anu sikina diolah jadi [[minyak]] </gallery> ==Tutumbu kaluar== *[http://peta-jalan.com/jl-jalan-pasirkaliki-bandung/ Ngaran jalan maké kecap kaliki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908034306/http://peta-jalan.com/jl-jalan-pasirkaliki-bandung/ |date=2016-09-08 }} *[http://kumeokmemehdipacok.blogspot.co.id/2013/08/AdatTradisiPerkawinanOrangSundaBerbahasaSundaBagianka1.html Sisindiran anu maké kecap kaliki] *[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=D8Nsl8lPpR8C&pg=PA283&lpg=PA283&dq=kaliki&source=bl&ots=PRX0yRUDNH&sig=aBIn_gMTODbgRje2YwZYrUdwk50&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG18zs4dTMAhWkxqYKHScsBCM4PBDoAQgYMAA#v=onepage&q=kaliki&f=false Ngaran boga lalakon maké kecap kaliki] ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist|2}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Euphorbiaceae]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan ubar‏‎]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan tropis]] d974v1fuxjy0jkpjtimyfl0xu2k2och Perang Tiis 0 50648 729267 712997 2026-09-26T20:29:58Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses}} [[Gambar:Reagan and Gorbachev hold discussions.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Presiden Amérika Sarikat|Presiden AS]] [[Ronald Reagan]] (kiri) jeung [[Sekretaris Jenderal Partei Komunis Uni Soviét|Sekretaris Jenderal Soviét]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], papanggih di [[Jenewa]] dina taun 1985.]] '''Perang Tiis''' ({{lang-en|Cold War}}, {{lang-ru|холо́дная война́, kholodnaya voyna}}, 1947–1991) nyaéta sesebutan kana ayana kategangan [[politik]] jeung [[militer]] antara [[Dunya Kulon]], nu dipingpin ku [[Amérika Sarikat]] jeung sekutu [[NATO]], ngalawan [[Dunya Kadua|Dunya Komunis]], nu dipingpin ku [[Uni Soviét]] jeung sakutu nagara-[[nagara satelit]]na. Kajadian ieu dimimitian ku kajayaan [[Sakutu Perang Dunya II|Sakutu]] dina ngéléhkeun [[Jerman Nazi]] dina [[Perang Dunya II]], nu nyésakeun [[Amérika Sarikat]] jeung [[Uni Soviét]] nu jadi dua [[nagara adidaya]] di dunya ku bédana idéologi, ékonomi, jeung militer nu gedé. Uni Soviét, babarengan jeung nagara-nagara di [[Éropa Wétan]] nu dijajahna, [[Blok Wétan]]. Prosés pamulihan saanggeusna perang di [[Éropa Kulon]] difasilitasan ku program [[Rancana Marshall]] [[Amérika Sarikat]], jeung pikeun nandingana, [[Uni Soviét]] ogé nyieun [[Comecon|COMECON]] babarengan jeung sekutu Wétanna. Amérika Sarikat nyieun aliansi militer [[NATO]] dina taun 1949, sadengkeun Uni Soviét ogé nyieun [[Pakta Warsawa]] dina taun 1955. Sababarah nagara milihan pikeun milu kana salah sahiji ti dua nagara adidaya ieu,sadengkeun nu lianna milih pikeun tetep nétral ku dijieunna [[Gerakan Non-Blok]] Kajadian ieu dingaranan Perang Tiis ku sabab dua pihak can kungsu miluan dina aksi militer sacara nyaan, ngan masing-masing pihak mibanda [[sanjata nuklir]] nu bisa ngakibatkeun kahancuran nu gedé. Perang Tiis ogé ngalantarankeun kategangan nu kacida nu dina ahirna ngalantarankeun ayana konflik militer régional saperti [[Blokade Berlin]] (1948–1949), [[Perang Koréa]] (1950–1953), [[Krisis Suéz]] (1956), [[Krisis Berlin 1961]], [[Krisis Rudal Kuba]] (1962), [[Perang Viétnam]] (1959–1975), [[Perang Yom Kippur]] (1973), [[Perang Afganistan]] (1979–1989), jeung panembakan ''[[Korean Air Penerbangan 007]]'' ku Soviét (1983). Alih-alih miluan dina konflik ku cara nyata, kadua pihak lolombaan ngaliwatan koalisi militer, payebaran idéologi jeung pangaruh, méré bantuan ka [[nagara klien]], [[spionaseuu|spionaseu]], kampanyeu propaganda sacara gedé-gedéan, [[perlombaan senjata|perlombaan nuklir]], ngélég nagara-nagara netral, saingan di perlombaan olahraga internasional, jeung kompetisi téhnologi seperti [[Perlombaan Angkasa]]. AS jeung Uni Soviét ogé saingan dina rupa-rupa [[perang proksi]]; di [[Amérika Latin]] jeung [[Asia Tenggara]], Uni Soviét ngabantuan [[révolusi komunis]] nu ditentang ku sababaraha nagara-nagara Kulon, Amérika Sarikat mikir pikeun supaya kumaha teu kajadian ngeunaan éta ku cara pangiriman tantara jeung peperangan. Dina rangka ngaleutikan résiko [[perang nuklir]], kadua pihak paheut nyieun panglanyah ''[[détente]]'' dina taun 1970-an pikeun ngurangan kaharénghéngan politik. [[Perang Tiis (1979–1985)|Dina taun 1980-an]], Amérika Sarikat ningkatkeun deui [[Doktrin Reagan|tekanan diplomatik, militer, jeung ékonomi]] ka Uni Soviét dina waktuna nagara komunis éta keur aya dina kamiskinan [[Era Stagnasi|stagnasi perékonomian]]. Dina pertengahan 1980-an, présidén Soviét nu anyar , [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], méré nyaho ngeunaan kabijakan réformasi liberalisasi ''[[perestroika]]'' ("rékonstruksi, réorganisasi", 1987) jeung ''[[glasnost]]'' ("keterbukaan", [[ca.]] 1985). Kabijakan ieu ngabalukarkeun Soviét jeung nagara-nagara satelitna dilanda ku [[Révolusi 1989|gelombang Révolusi]] damai nu diengpikeun ku [[Bubaran Uni Soviét|runtuhna Uni Soviét]] dina taun 1991, jeung dina ahirna nyésakeun Amérika Sarikat nu jadi hiji-hijina kakuatan militer nu pantohagana di dunya. Perang Tiis jeung rupa-rupa kajadian nu séjénna ngabalukarkeun akibat nu gedé ka dunya jeung sok disebutkeun dina budaya populér, khususna dina média nu némbongkeun téma [[spionaseuu|spionaseu]] jeung ancaman perang [[nuklir]]. == Asal istilah == Dina ahir [[Perang Dunya II]], panulis jeung jurnalis Inggris [[George Orwell]] maké istilah ''perang Tiis'' nu jadi istilah umum dina éséyna nu judulna "''[[You and the Atomic Bomb]]''" (Anjeun jeung Bom Atom), nu diterbitkan ku surat kabar Inggris, ''[[Tribune (majalah)|Tribune]]'', dina tanggal 19 Oktober 1945. Ésai éta ngagambarkeun Dunya nu hirup disingsieunan ku [[perang nuklir]]. Orwell nulis: :"Salila opat puluh atawa lima puluh taun ayeuna, Mr. [[H. G. Wells]] jeung nu lianna ngingetan urang yén manusa bakal aya dina bahaya, ngancurkeun sorangan ku senjatana sorangan, nyésakeun sireum atawa sababaraha kelompok spésiés lianna pikeun nyokot alih. Saha baé nu geus mempo kaancuran di dayeuh-dayeuh di [[Jerman]] bakal mikir yén gagasan ieu sahenteuna asup kana akal. Namung, lamun nempo Dunya sacara kabéh, kajadian sababaraha dekade ieu teu asup ka arah anarki, namun ka arah diayakeuna deui perbudakan. Urang sigana teu ka arah ngaruksak umum, tapi ka jaman perbudakan kuno nu sieun. Téori [[James Burnham]] geus loba dibahas, namun saeutik ti jalma teu acan nanggepan nu jadi implikasi idéologi. Jenis pandangan ka Dunya, jenis kayakinan, jeung struktur sosial mungkin bakal nguasaan nagara nu teu kaéléhkeun jeung ngaluruskeun dina "perang Tiis" permanén jeungbtatanggana."<ref>Orwell, "[http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/abombs.html You and the Atomic Bomb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206214319/http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/abombs.html |date=2008-02-06 }}", ''Tribune'' October 19, 1945</ref> Dina ''The Observer'' édisi 10 Maret 1946, Orwell nulis yén "saenggeus konferensi Moskow Désémber kamari, Rusia majukeun 'perang Tiis' ka [[Britania]] jeung [[Imperium Britania]]."<ref>Orwell, George, ''The Observer'', March 10, 1946</ref> Istilah nu dipaké pikeun ngagambarkeun kategangan [[géopulitik]] antara [[Uni Soviét]] jeung [[nagara satelit]]na jeung Amérika Sarikat jeung sekutu Éropa Kulon-na saenggeus [[Perang Dunya II]] dimimitian ku [[Bernard Baruch]], saurang ahli piduiteun Amérika jeung panaaséhat présidén.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=54}}</ref> Dina salah sahiji pidato di [[South Carolina]] dina tanggal 16 April 1947,<ref>{{cite news|first=William|last=Safire|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/10/01/news/edsafire.php|title=Islamofascism Anyone?|work=The New York Times|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|date=October 1, 2006|accessdate=December 25, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022172712/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/10/01/news/edsafire.php|archivedate=October 22, 2006}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022172712/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/10/01/news/edsafire.php |date=October 22, 2006 }}</ref> Ceuk Baruch : "Urang ulah katipu: poé ieu urang aya di tengah-tengah perang Tiis."<ref>'[http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bernard-baruch-coins-the-term-cold-war Bernard Baruch coins the term "Cold War"]', history.com, April 16, 1947. Retrieved on July 2, 2008.</ref> Salah sahiji réporter jeung kolumnis surat kabar nu arana [[Walter Lippmann]] ngajabarkeun penjelasan nu sakitu panjang lebarna ngeunaan Perang Tiis dina bukuna nu judulna ''The Cold War'', waktu ditanya dina taun 1947 ngeunaan sumber istilah "perang Tiis", manéhna nyebutkeun istilah éta ngarujuk dina istilah Perancis ti taun 1930-an, ''la guerre froide''.<ref>[[Strobe Talbott]]: ''The Great Experiment: The Story of Ancient Empires, Modern States, and the Quest for a Global Nation'' (2009) p.441 n.3; Lippmann's own book is {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Ydc3AAAAIAAJ&q=walter+lippmann+cold+war&dq=walter+lippmann+cold+war|author=Lippmann, Walter|title=The Cold War|accessdate=Séptémber 2, 2008|publisher=Harper|year=1947}}</ref> ==Sabab kajadian == {{main|Mimiti Perang Tiis}} {{see|Kasieunan Beureum|Permainan Besar}} [[Gambar:American troops in Vladivostok 1918 HD-SN-99-02013.JPEG|thumb|right|Pasukan Amérika di [[Vladivostok]], Agustus 1918, salila [[Intervensi Sekutu dina Perang Saudara Rusia|intervensi Sekutu]] dina [[Perang Saudara Rusia]].]] Aya perdebatan dina golongan para [[sejarawan]] ngeunaan titik awal ti Perang Tiis. Loba ti golongan sejarawan mibanda pendapat yén Perang Tiis dikeureuyeh saenggeus Perang Dunya II engpikeun, nu lainna ogé mibanda pendapat yén Perang Tiis dipaju dina ahir [[Perang Dunya I]], sanajan kategangan antara [[Kekaisaran Rusia]], nagara-nagara Éropa lainna, jeung Amérika Sarikat geus aya dina pertengahan abad ka-19.<ref name="Gaddis"/> [[Révolusi Oktober|Révolusi Bolshevik]] di [[Rusia]] dina taun 1917 (diiluan ku panarikan mundur pasukana ti Perang Dunya I), mengakibatkan Soviét Rusia terisolasi ti diplomasi internasional.<ref name="lee">{{Harvnb|Lee|1999|p=57}}</ref> Pamingpin [[Vladimir Lenin]] ngomong yén Uni Soviét "dikepung ku para kapitalis nu mumusuhan", jeung mandang diplomasi sebagai senjata pikeun ngajauhkeun Soviét ti musuh, dimimitian ku [[Komintern]] Soviét, nu ngagoakkeun pergolakan Révolusioner di luar Soviét.<ref name="Palmieri34">{{Harvnb|Palmieri|1989|p=62}}</ref> Pamingpin Soviét [[Joseph Stalin]], nu nganggep [[Uni Soviét]] sebagai salah sahiji "kapuloan sosialis", nyatakeun yén Uni Soviét kudu mandang "dominasi kapitalis ayeuna kudu digantikan ku dominasi sosialis."<ref name="tucker46">{{Harvnb|Tucker|1992|p=46}}</ref> Dina awal 1925, [[Stalin]] nyieun pernyataan yén manéhna mandang pulitik internasional sebagai salah sahiji dunya bipolar di mana Uni Soviét bakal narik nagara-nagara liana ke arah sosialisme jeung nagara-nagara kapitalis ogé bakal narik nagara-nagara lian ka arah [[kapitalismeuu]], sadengkeun dunya keur aya dina périodeu "stabilisasi sementara kapitalismeu" saméméh rubuhna.<ref name="tucker47">{{Harvnb|Tucker|1992|pp=47–8}}</ref> Rupa-rupa kajadian saméméh Perang Dunya Kadua némbongkeun ayana silih teu percaya jeung curiga dina kakuatan Kulon jeung Uni Soviét, teu leupas ti filosofi umum partéy [[Bolshevik]] nu dijieun pikeun ngalawan kapitalismeu.<ref name = "Halliday">{{Harvnb|Halliday|2001|p=2e}}</ref> Ada dukungan ti Kulon ka [[gerakan Bodas]] anti-Bolshevik dina [[Perang Saudara Rusia]],<ref name = "Gaddis">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|1990|p=57}}</ref> pemberian dana ku Uni Soviét ka pekerja pemberontak Britania dina taun 1926 ngabalukarkeun [[Britania Raya]] memutuskan hubungan dengan Uni Soviét,<ref name="tucker74">{{Harvnb|Tucker|1992|p=74}}</ref> deklarasi Stalin taun 1927 pikeun hirup berdampingan sacara damai dengan nagara-nagara kapitalis diurungkan,<ref name="tucker75">{{Harvnb|Tucker|1992|p=75}}</ref> tuduhan ayana konspirasi dina [[Peradilan Shakhty]] taun 1928 nu direncanakeun ku Britania jeung Perancis ngabalukarkeun kudéta,<ref name="tucker98">{{Harvnb|Tucker|1992|p=98}}</ref> penolakan Amérika pikeun mengakui Uni Soviét hingga taun 1933,<ref name = "LaFeber 1991">{{Harvnb|LaFeber|1991|pp=194–197}}</ref> jeung [[Stalieusme]] [[Peradilan Moskow]] pikeun kasus [[Pembersihan Gedé-Gedéan]], sarta tuduhan atas ayana spionaseu ti Britania, Perancis, jeung [[Jerman Nazi]] mangrupa kajadian-kajadian nu nukangan Perang Tiis.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tim Tzouliadis|title=The Forsaken|year=2008|url=https://archive.org/details/forsakenamerican0000tzou|publisher=The Penguin Press|isbn=978-1-59420-168-4}}</ref> Keur waktuna Tentara Jerman [[Operasi Barbarossa|menginvasi Uni Soviét]] dina bulan Juni 1941, Sekutu nyokot kauntungan ti front anyar ieu jeung milih pikeun ngabantuan Uni Soviét. Britania nandatanganan persekutuan formal jeung Amérika Sarikat nyieun kasepakatan informal jeung Soviét. Dina waktuna perang, Amérika Sarikat méré fasilitaa Britania jeung Soviét liwat program [[Lend-Lease]] na.<ref>George C. Herring Jr., ''Aid to Russia, 1941–1946: Strategy, Diplomacy, the Origins of the Cold War'' (Columbia University Press, 1973).</ref> Kumaha waé ogé, Stalin tetep neundeun rasa curiga kana kadua nagara éta jeung percaya yén Britania jeung Amérika Sarikat kong-kalingkong pikeun muguhkeunna yén Soviét bakal nanggung beban panggedéna dina perang ngalawan Jerman Nazi. Ceuk pandangana ieu, Sekutu Kulon ngahaja ngundur waktu pikeun muka front anti-Jerman kadua nu tujuanna pikeun beraksi di waktu-waktu ahir jeung diteruskeun nyieun panganggeusan damai. Jadi, persepsi Soviét ka dunya Kulon ngabalukarkeun ayana arus kategangan jeung permusuhan jeung pihak [[Sekutu Perang Dunya I|Sekutu]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|1990|pp=151–153}}</ref> == Ahir Perang Dunya II (1945–1947) == === Konferensi pasca-perang di Éropa === [[Gambar:Yalta summit 1945 with Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin.jpg|thumb|right| "[[Sekutu Perang Dunya II|Tiga Besar]]" di Konferensi Yalta: [[Winston Churchill]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] jeung [[Joseph Stalin]], 1945.]] {{see|Konferensi Teheran|Konferensi Yalta}} Saenggeus perang, Sekutu manggih mupakat ngeunaan pembagéan jeung pangukuhan tapel wates di Éropa.<ref name="Gaddis13-23">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=13–23}}</ref> Masing-masing pihak mibanda ide-ide nu berbéda ngeunaan pembentukan jeung pemeliharaan kaamanan dunya pasca-perang.<ref name="Gaddis13-23" /> Sekutu Kulon hayang sistem kaamanan ku cara nyieun salega-legana Pamaréntahan démokrasi, nu ngamungkinkeun nagara-nagara pikeun ngaréngsékeun konflik sacara damai melalui [[organisasi internasional]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|1990|p=156}}</ref> Ngemutan sejarah invasi nu sok dikeureuyeuh ka Rusia,<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=7}}</ref> jeung deui gedénya [[Korban Perang Dunya II di Uni Soviét|jumlah korban nu maot]] (dikira kira 27 juta) jeung kaancuran Uni Soviét nu ngeureuyeuh waé saréngséna Perang Dunya II,<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4530565.stm Leaders mourn Soviét wartime dead]", BBC News, May 9, 2005. Retrieved on July 2, 2008.</ref> Uni Soviét nyieun rupa-rupa usaha pikeun ningkatkeun kaamanan ku cara ngadominasi urusan dina negeri nagara-nagara nu babatesan jeung manéhna.<ref name="Gaddis13-23" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|1990|p=176}}</ref> Sekutu Kulon ogé mibanda pendapat sorangan ngeunaan visi maranéhna kana kaayaan Dunya saréngséna perang. Tujuan Roosevelt - kajayaan militer di Éropa jeung Asia, pencapéian supreémasi ékonomi global Amérika nu ngéléhkeun [[Imperium Britania]], jeung menciptakan salah sahiji organisasi perdamaian dunya - leuwih bersifat global dibandingkan dengan Churcill, nu visinya berfokus pikeun mengamankan kontrol atas [[Laut Tengah]], memastikan keberlangsungan Imperium Britania, jeung memerdekakan nagara-nagara [[Éropa Wétan]] pikeun jadikana sebagai [[Nagara pennuga|pennuga]] antara Soviét jeung Britania Raya.<ref Name=Plokhy>{{Harvnb|Plokhy|2010|p=}}</ref> Dina pandangan Amérika, Stalin dianggep sebagai salah sahiji sekutu potensial pikeun mencapai tujuan maranéhna, sadengkeun dina pandangan Britania, Stalin dianggep ancaman panggedéna dina pencapéian agénda maranéhna. Ku diicingana lolobana ti nagara-nagara Éropa Wétan ku Soviét, Stalin aya dina pihak nu untung jeung kadua pamingpin Kulon silih sasaingan pikeun memperku dukungana. Perbédaan visi antara Roosevelt jeung Churchill ngabalukarkeun kadua pihak ngalakukeun negosiasi sacara terpisah dengan Stalin. Dina bulan Oktober 1944, Churcill ngalakukeun perjalanan ke [[Moskow]] jeung paheut pikeun ngabagi [[Balkan]] berdasarkan pangaruh masing-masing, jeung teu lila kemudian, di [[Yalta]], Roosevelt ogé nandatanganan kamupakatan terpisah dengan Stalin ngeunaan masalah Asia jeung nolak pikeun ngadukung Churcill dina isu jeung Reparasi [[Polandia]].<ref Name=Plokhy/> [[Gambar:Map-Germany-1945.svg|thumb|[[Zona Jajahan Sekutu di Jerman]] pasca-perang.]] Negosiasi leuwih lanjut antara Soviét jeung Sekutu sahubungan jeung kasaimbangan dunya saenggeus perang dina [[Konferensi Yalta]] dina bulan Februari 1945, sanajan konferensi ieu ogé gagal nepi ka konsesus ngeunaan kerangka kerja saenggeusperang di Éropa.<ref name="Gaddis21">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=21}}</ref> Dina bulan April 1945, Churcill jeung présidén Amérika Sarikat nu anyar , [[Harry S. Truman]], paheut pikeun ngalawan kaputusan Soviét nu méré bantuan ka Pamaréntahan Lublin, saingan [[Pamaréntahan Polandia di pengasingan]] nu dikontrol ku Soviét.<ref>{{Harvnb|Zubok|1996|p=94}}</ref> Saenggeus [[Ahir Perang Dunya II|kemenangan Sekutu]] dina bulan Mei 1945, Soviét sacara épéktip maju ngadumukan Éropa Wétan,<ref name="Gaddis21" /> sadengkeun pasukan Amérika Sarikat jeung Sekutu Kulon kukuh di [[Éropa Kulon]]. Di wilayah Jerman nu diicingan Sekutu, Uni Soviét, Amérika Sarikat, Britania Raya jeung [[Perancis]] nyieun [[Jajahan Sekutu di Jerman|zona Jajahan]] jeung nyieun kerangka kerja pikeun ngabagi wilayah-wilayah éta jadi opat zona Jajahan.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=22}}</ref> [[Konferensi PBB ngeunaan Organisasi Internasional|Konferensi Sekutu dina taun 1945]] di [[San Francisco]] ngahasilkeun kaputusan ngeunaan pendirian organisasi PBB multi-nasional pikeun memelihara perdamaian dunya, namun kapasitas panegakanna ku [[Déwan Kaamanan PBB|Dewan Kaamanan]] sacara épéktip dilumpuhkeun ku kabisa anggotana pikeun maké [[hak veto]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Bourantonis|1996|p=130}}</ref> Ku sebab itu, PBB dina dasarnya diubah jadi salah sahiji forum aktif pikeun tukeur retorika polemik, jeung Soviét dianggep sacara eksklusif sebagai tribun [[propaganda]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Garthoff|1994|p=401}}</ref> === Konferensi Potsdam jeung kaéléhan Jepang === [[Gambar:L to R, British Prime Mieuster Winston Churchill, President Harry S. Truman, and Soviét leader Josef Stalin in the... - NARA - 198958.jpg|thumb|[[Winston Churchill]], [[Harry S. Truman]] jeung [[Joseph Stalin]] di [[Konferensi Potsdam]], 1945.|pra=Special:FilePath/L_to_R,_British_Prime_Mieuster_Winston_Churchill,_President_Harry_S._Truman,_and_Soviét_leader_Josef_Stalin_in_the..._-_NARA_-_198958.jpg]] {{see|Konferensi Potsdam|Menyerahnya Jepang}} Dina [[Konferensi Potsdam]], nu dikeureuyeuh dina ahir Juli saenggeus ngarasa éléhna Jerman, perbédaan serius terkait dengan perkembangan masa depan Jerman jeung Éropa Wétan.<ref name = "Byrd">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Byrd, Peter|editor=McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair|encyclopedia=The concise Oxford dictionary of politics|title=Cold War (entire chapter)|url=http://books.google.com/?id=xLbEHQAACAAJ|accessdate=June 16, 2008|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-280276-3|ref=harv}}</ref> Selain itu, jumlah partisipan perang jeung perbédaan kebiasaan dijadikeun alasan ku satu sama lianna pikeun mengkonfirmasi kecurigaan maranéhna ngeunaan niat bermusuhan jeung mempertahankan kubu maranéhna masing-masing.<ref>Alan Wood, p. 62</ref> Dina konferensi ieu, Truman mérétahu Stalin yén Amérika Sarikat mibanda senjata anyar nu kuat.<ref name="Gaddis25" /> Stalin nyangka Amérika Sarikat keur ngembangkeun [[bom atum]], jeung ngingetan sasaran Amérika Sarikat kamungkinan saingan Soviét, nyaéta [[Jepang]], Stalin nanggepan hal éta ku sikep tenang. Stalin ngomong mun manéhna ngarasa bagja ku warta éta jeung nyatakeun kahayangna yén senjata éta bakal dipaké pikeun ngalawan Jepang.<ref name="Gaddis25">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=25–26}}</ref> Satu minggu saenggeus berahirnya Konferensi Potsdam, Amérika Sarikat [[Serangan bom atom di Hiroshima jeung Nagasaki|membom Hiroshima jeung Nagasaki]]. Teu lila saenggeus serangan, Stalin protés ka para petinggi Amérika Sarikat ku sabab leutikna bagéan [[Padumukan Sekutu atas Jepang|Jepang nu diicingan Sekutu]] nu ditawarkeun ku présidén Truman ka Soviét.<ref>{{Harvnb|LaFeber|2002|p=28}}</ref> === Awal Blok Wétan === {{See|Blok Wétan}} [[Gambar:EasternBloc BorderChange38-48.svg|right|thumb|Perubahan wilayah pasca-perang di [[Éropa Wétan]] jeung pembentukan [[Blok Wétan]], nu dijuluki "Tirai Beusi".]] Dina awal Perang Dunya II, Uni Soviét meletakkan dasar bagi terbentuknya [[Blok Wétan]] ku cara nyaplok langsung sababaraha nagara saperti [[Republik Sosialis Soviét]], nu awalna dibérékeun ka Soviét ku [[Jerman Nazi]] dina [[Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop]]. Wilayah ieu kaasup Polandia bagéan Wétan (terus dipisahkeun jadi [[Wilayah Polandia nu dicaplok ku Uni Soviét|dua nagara Soviét nu béda]]),<ref name="wettig20">{{Harvnb|Wettig|2008|p=21}}</ref><ref name="senn">Senn, Alfred Erich, ''Lithuania 1940 : revolution from above'', Amsterdam, New York, Rodopi, 2007 ISBN 978-90-420-2225-6</ref> [[Estonia]] (nu kemudian jadi [[Republik Sosialis Soviét Estonia|RSS Estonia]]),<ref name="stalinswars43">{{Harvnb|Roberts|2006|p=43}}</ref> [[Latvia]] (jadi [[Republik Sosialis Soviét Latvia|RSS Latvia]]),<ref name="wettig20"/><ref name="senn"/> [[Lithuania]] (jadi [[Republik Sosialis Soviét Lituania|RSS Lithuania]]),<ref name="wettig20"/><ref name="senn"/> bagéan Wétan [[Finlandia]] (jadi [[Republik Sosialis Soviét Karelo-Finlandia|RSS Karelo-Finlandia]]), jeung [[Rumania]] Wétan (nu jadi [[Republik Sosialis Soviét Moldavia|RSS Moldavia]]).<ref name="stalinswars55">{{Harvnb|Roberts|2006|p=55}}</ref><ref name="shirer794">{{Harvnb|Shirer|1990|p=794}}</ref> Wilayah Éropa Wétan nu dibébaskeun ti Nazi jeung diicingan ku pasukan Soviét salajengna ogé ditambahkeun ka Blok Wétan ku cara ngarobahna jadi [[nagara satelit]],<ref name = "Schmitz" /> nagara-nagara ieu di antarana [[Jerman Wétan]],<ref name="wettig96">{{Harvnb|Wettig|2008|pp=96–100}}</ref> [[Republik Rakyat Polandia]], [[Republik Rakyat Bulgaria]], [[Republik Rakyat Hongaria]],<ref name="dijk">van Dijk, Ruud, ''Encyclopedia of the Cold War, Volume 1'', p. 200. Taylor & Francis, 2008. ISBN 0-415-97515-8</ref> [[Republik Sosialis Cekoslowakia]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Grenville|2005|pp=370–71}}</ref> [[Republik Rakyat Romania]], jeung [[Republik Rakyat Albania]].<ref name="cook17">{{Harvnb|Cook|2001|p=17}}</ref> Rézim Soviét nu bijil di nagara-nagara Blok Wétan ngadopsi sistem [[ékonomi komando]] Soviét wungkul, manéhna ogé ngadopsimétodeubrutal nu dipaké ku [[Joseph Stalin]] jeung polisi rusiah Soviét pikeun neken oposisi nu nyata jeung poténsial.<ref name="roht83">{{Harvnb|Roht-Arriaza|1995|p=83}}</ref> Di Asia, [[Tentara Beureum]] geus ngabanjiran [[Manchuria]] dina bulan-bulan ahir perang, jeung ngeureuyeuh pikeun nyicingan bagéan besar wilayah [[Korea]] bagéan Kalér.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=40}}</ref> Sebagai bagéan ti konsolidasi kontrol Stalin atas Blok Wétan, [[NKVD]], nu dipimpin ku [[Lavrentiy Beria]], ngawasan dijieunna sistem polisi rusiah nu bergaya Soviét di Blok Wétan pikeun ngabasmi perlawanan anti-komunis.<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 34"/> Lamun aya saeutik waé sumanget kemerdekaan di nagara-nagara Blok Wétan, maranéhna nu miluan bakal disingkirkeun ti kakuasaan, diadilan, dipenjarakeun, jeung dina sababaraha kasus, diéksékusi.<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 100">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=100}}</ref> [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]] [[Winston Churchill]] khawatir yén jumlah besar pasukan Soviét nu di Éropa dina ahir perang, jeung persepsi yén pamingpin Soviét Joseph Stalin teu bisa diandelkeun, bakal ngabalukarkeun anceman ka [[Éropa Kulon]].<ref name="Telegraph">Fenton, Ben. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080528222149/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1998%2F10%2F01%2Fnwar101.html The secret strategy to launch attack on Red Army]", telegraph.co.uk, October 1, 1998. Retrieved July 23, 2008.</ref> Dina bulan April-Mei 1945, [[Kementerian Perang Churcill|Kabinét Perang Britania Raya]] mengembangkan salah sahiji rencana operasi pikeun "memaksakan kehendak Amérika Sarikat jeung Imperium Britania ka Rusia".<ref>{{cite web | last = British War Cabinet, Joint Planning Staff, Public Record Office, CAB 120/691/109040 / 002 | date = August 11, 1945 | url = http://www.history.neu.edu/PRO2/ | title = Operation Unthinkable: 'Russia: Threat to Western Civilization' | format = online photocopy | publisher = Department of History, Northeastern University | accessdate = June 28, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080706093010/http://www.history.neu.edu/PRO2/ | archivedate = July 6, 2008}}</ref> Namung rencana ieu ditolak ku [[Pupuhu Staf Komiteu]] sabab teu layakna sumber daya militer.<ref name="Telegraph" /> === Persiapan pikeun "perang anyar " === {{See|Artikel X|Tirai Beusi}} Dina bulan Februari 1946, laporan "[[Artikel X|Telegram Panjang]]" [[George F. Kennan]] ti Moskow ngabantuan pikeun ngartikulasikeun kawijakan Pamaréntah AS nu teterusan inténsif dina ngalawan Soviét, nu jadi dasar keur strategi Amérika Sarikat ks Uni Soviét salila Perang Tiis.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schecter|2003|pp=152–154}}</ref> Dina bulan Séptémber, pihak Soviét nyieun telegram [[Nikolai Vasilevich Novikov|Novikov]], nu dikirim ku duta besar Soviét ka Amérika Sarikat, namun pangiriman telegram ieu ditugaskeun jeung ogé ditulis ku [[Vyacheslav Molotov]], telegram ieu ngajelaskeun yén AS "ayana dina cengkeraman monopoli kapitalis nu ngembangkeun kamampuan militer dina rangka nyiapkeun kondisi pikeun meunangkeun supremasi dunya dina salah sahiji perang anyar ".<ref>{{Harvnb|Kydd|2005|p=107}}</ref> Dina tanggal 6 Séptémber 1946, [[James F. Byrnes]] menyampaikan pidato di Jerman nu mennukal [[Rencana Morgenthau]] (salah sahiji proposal pikeun misahkeun jeung de-industrialisasi di Jerman pasca-perang). Byrnes ogé ngingetan Soviét yén AS niat pikeun nahan kaayaan militerna teu dibatesan di Éropa.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=30}}</ref> Sabulan saterusna, Byrnes ngaku yén pernyataana ieu mangrupa "intisari ti program kami pikeun meunangkeun haté warga Jerman&nbsp;[...] éta nyaéta pertempuran pikiran antara kami jeung Rusia&nbsp;[...]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daz.org/enJamesFByrnes.html|title=Southern Partnership: James F. Byrnes, Lucius D. Clay and Germany, 1945–1947|first=Curtis F|last=Morgan|accessdate=June 9, 2008|publisher=James F. Byrnes Institute}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705193541/http://www.daz.org/enJamesFByrnes.html |date=July 5, 2008 }}</ref> Babaraha minggu saenggeus dirilisna "Telegram Panjang", mantan Perdana Menteri Britania Winston Churchill nyampaikeun istilah terkenalna, "[[Tirai Beusi]]", dina salah sahiji pidato di [[Fulton, Missouri]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=94}}</ref> Dina pidato éta, Churcill nyerukeun supaya Inggris-Amérika bersekutu pikeun ngalawan Soviét, nu dituduhna geus ngabentangkan "tirai Beusi" ti "[[Szczecin|Stettin]] di [[Laut Baltik|Baltik]] nepi ka [[Trieste]] di [[Laut Adriatik|Adriatik]]".<ref name = "Schmitz">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Schmitz, David F.|editor=Whiteclay Chambers, John|encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to American Military History|title=Cold War (1945–91): Causes [entire chapter]|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xtMKHgAACAAJ&dq=The+Oxford+Companion+to+American+Military+History|accessdate=June 16, 2008|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-507198-0|ref=harv}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=711|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015163941/http://winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=711|archivedate=October 15, 2007|title=Churchill and...Politics: The True Meaning of the Iron Curtain Speech|author=Harriman, Pamela C.|accessdate=June 22, 2008|publisher=Winston Churchill Centre|date=Winter 1987–1988}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015163941/http://winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=711 |date=October 15, 2007 }}</ref> Dina taun 1952, Stalin [[Nota Stalin|berulang kali mengajukan rencana pikeun menyatukan Jerman Wétan jeung Jerman Kulon]] di handap hiji Pamaréntahan tunggal nu dipilih dina pamilihan umum nu diawasan ku [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] mun Jerman nu anyar ieu leupas ti aliansi militer Kulon, namun usulan ieu ditolak ku kakuatan Kulon. Babaraha sumber nyengkétakeun kasungguhan usulan ieu.<ref>Van Dijk, Rudd. [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/ACFB54.pdf The 1952 Stalin Note Debate: Myth or Missed Opportunity for German Reunification?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502194421/http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/ACFB54.pdf |date=2019-05-02 }} Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Cold War International History Project, Working Paper 14, May 1996.</ref> == Permulaan Perang Tiis (1947–1953) == {{Main|Perang Tiis (1947–1953)}} === Kominform jeung perpecahan Tito–Stalin === {{See|Kominform|Perpecahan Tito–Stalin}} Dina bulan Séptémber 1947, Soviét nyieun [[Kominform]], nu tujuana nyaéta pikeun menegakkan ortodoksi dina gerakan komunis internasional jeung ngetatkeun kontrol pulitik ka nagara-nagara satelit Soviét melalui koordinasi ti pihak komunis di [[Blok Wétan]].<ref name="Gaddis32" /> Kominform ngalaman kamunduran dina bulan Juni ka dituna saenggeus [[perpecahan Tito–Stalin]], nu ngabalukarkeun Soviét ngagoréngkeun [[Yugoslavia]]. Yugoslavia tetep jadi nagara komunis, namun maju ngadopsi posisi [[Gerakan Non-Blok|Non-Blok]]. === Kontainmen jeung Doktrin Truman === {{Main|Kontainmen|Doktrin Truman}} [[Gambar:Cold war europe military alliances map en.png|thumb|Aliansi militer Éropa.]] Dina taun 1947, panaséhat présidén AS [[Harry S. Truman]] maksa Truman pikeun nyokot langkah-langkah téréh dina ngalawan pangaruh Uni Soviét, Ngemutan upaya Stalin (ditengah kabingungan jeung karubuhanana saenggeus perang) pikeun ngalemahkeun Amérika Sarikat ku jalan sasaingan nu bisa ngadorong kalangan kapitalis supaya ngabalukareun perang nu lian.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=27}}</ref> Bulan Februari 1947, Pamaréntah Britania mengumumkan yén maranéhna teu sanggup deui ngabiayaan rezim militer monarki [[Yunani]] dina [[Perang Saudara Yunani]] pikeun ngalawan pemberontak komunis. Tanggepan Pamaréntah Amérika ka pengumuman Britania ieu nyaéta yén maranéhna bakal ngadopsi kawijakan [[kontainmen]],<ref name="Gaddis28">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=28–29}}</ref> nyaéta kawijakan nu tujuanna pikeun ngeureunkeun panyebaran [[komunisme]]. Truman nyampaikeum pidato nu eusina maksa alokasi dana $ 400 pikeun masilitasan miluna Amérika Sarikat dina perang Yunani jeung ngaluncurkeun [[Doktrin Truman]], nu nyatakeun yén konflik éta mangrupa kontes antara masyarakat bébas jeung rezim totaliter.<ref name="Gaddis28" /> Sanajan dina kanyataana para pemberontak komunis meunang bantuan ti pamingpin Yogoslavia [[Josip Broz Tito]],<ref name="LaFeber 1991" /> AS nuduh yén Uni Soviét sekongkolan jeung komunis Yunani pikeun ngalawan royalis dina upayana pikeun ngalegaan pangaruh Soviét.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=38}}</ref> Doktrin Truman nandaan awak ti kawijakan pertahanan bipartisan AS jeung konsesus kbijakan aluar negeri antara [[Partei Republik (Amérika Sarikat)|Partei Republik]] jeung [[Partei Demokrat (Amérika Sarikat)|Demokrat]] nu bener-bener pokus dina kontainmen (panahanan) jeung nyegat panyebaran komunisme salila jeung saenggeus [[Perang Vietnam]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Hahn|1993|p=6}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Higgs|2006|p=137}}</ref> partéy moderat jeung konservatif lianna di Éropa, sarta demokratik sosial, maju méré dukungan taya syarat ka Sekutu Kulon,<ref>{{Harvnb|Moschonas|Elliott|2002|p=21}}</ref> sadengkeun Komunis Amérika jeung Éropa, dibiayaan ku [[KGB]], pipilueun dina operasi intelijen,<ref>{{cite book|last=Andrew|first =Christopher|coauthors=Mitrokhin, Vasili|title= The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB|url=https://archive.org/details/swordshieldmitro0000andr_q5i4|publisher= Basic Books|year =2000|page =[https://archive.org/details/swordshieldmitro0000andr_q5i4/page/276 276]}}</ref> operasi ieu tetep sesuai jeung aturan Moskow, sanajan perbédaan pendapat di kalangan komunis ieu karak aya saenggeus taun 1956. Kritik lain ngeunaan Doktrin Truman ieu asalba ti [[Penentang Perang Vietnam|aktivis anti-Perang Vietnam]], [[CND]] jeung gerakan [[pembekuan nuklir]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Crocker|Hampson|Aall|2007|p=55}}</ref> === Rencana Marshall jeung kudéta Cekoslowakia === [[Gambar:Marshall Plan.png|right|thumb|Peta éra Perang Tiis di Éropa jeung Wétan Dekat, nunjukkeun nagara-nagara nu menerima bantuan [[Rencana Marshall]]. Kolum Beureum nunjukkeun jumlah relatif bantuan nu diterima per nagara.]] [[Gambar:Cold war europe economic alliances map en.png|thumb|Aliansi perékonomian Éropa.]] {{Main|Rencana Marshall|Kudéta Cekoslowakia 1948}} Dina awal 1947, Britania, Perancis, jeung Amérika Sarikat teu ngahasil nepi kéasepakatan jeung Uni Soviét ngeunaan rencana dijieuna deui perékonomian Jerman, kaasup jumlah rinci ngeunaan pamelakan modal industri, barang, jeung infrastruktur nu geus ancur ku Sekutu salila perang.<ref name="miller16">{{Harvnb|Miller|2000|p=16}}</ref> Bulan Juni 1947, sarua jeung Doktrin Truman, Amérika Sarikat ngesahkeun program [[Rencana Marshall]], nyaéta salah sahiji program bantuan ékonomi ka sakabéh nagara Éropa nu daék pikeun miluan, kaasup Uni Soviét.<ref name="miller16"/> Tujuan ti rencana ieu pikeun ngawangun deui sistem [[démokrasi]] jeung perékonomian Éropa jeung pikeun ngabatesan pangaruh komunis di Éropa.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|1990|p=186}}</ref> Rencana ieu ogé nyatakeun yén kamakmuran Éropa kagantung dina pamulihan ékonomi Jerman.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,887417,00.html|title=Pas de Pagaille!|work=[[Time (majalah)|Time]]|date=July 28, 1947|accessdate=May 28, 2008}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828025646/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,887417,00.html |date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref> Sabulan kemudian, Truman mengesahkan [[Undang-Undang Kaamanan Nasional 1947]], nyieun [[Departemen Pertahanan Amérika Sarikat|Departemen Pertahanan]] terpadu, [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], jeung [[Badan Kaamanan Nasional]] (NSC). Hal ieu selanjutnyabakal jadi birokrasi utama kawijakan AS dina Perang Tiis.<ref name="Karabell" >{{Harvnb|Karabell|1999|p=916}}</ref> Stalin percaya yén integrasi ékonomi jeung [[Dunya Kulon|Kulon]]bakal ngamungkinkeun nagara-nagara Blok Wétan pikeun misahkeun diri ti kontrol Soviét, Stalin ogé percaya yén AS usaha pikeun “meuli” Éropa supaya mihak ka AS.<ref name="Gaddis32">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=32}}</ref> Ku sebab kitu, Stalin ngalarang nagara-nagara [[Blok Wétan]] nampanan bantuan Marshall.<ref name="Gaddis32" /> Alternatif Uni Soviét dina nandingan Rencana Marshall, nu ngabéakkeun subsidi Soviét jeung perdagangana jeung Éropa Wétan, nyaéta ku cara nyieun [[Rencana Molotov]] (terus dilembagakeun dina bulan Januari 1949 nu diaranan [[Comecon]]).<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> Stalin ogé ngahariwangkeun upaya AS pikeun ngarékonstitusi Jerman; visi pasca-perangna ka Jerman teu kaasup hal ieu, sabab Soviét teu hayang méré senjata deui Jerman atawa ku lian kata, sieun yén hal éta bakal ngabalukarkeun anceman deui ka Uni Soviét.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=105–106}}</ref> Dina awal 1948, nyusul laporan nu nguatan "elemen reaksioner" di [[Cekoslowakia]], Soviét [[Kudéta Cekoslowakia 1948|ngalaksanakeun kudéta di Cekoslowakia]], nu mangrupa hiji-satunya nagara Blok Wétan nu diijinkan Soviét pikeun mempertahankan struktur démokrasinya.<ref name="wettig86">{{Harvnb|Wettig|2008|p=86}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Patterson|1997|p=132}}</ref> Kebrutalan publik dina kudéta ieu mengejutkan nagara-nagara Kulon, perdebatan muncul di Kongres Amérika Sarikat, nu sieuneun yén perangbakal terjadi kembali dina upaya Soviét pikeun menyapu habis sakabéh pendukung Rencana Marshall.<ref name="miller19">{{Harvnb|Miller|2000|p=19}}</ref> Kawijakan kembar Doktrin Truman jeung Rencana Marshall ngabalukarkeuin miliaran bantuan ékonomi jeung militer mengalir pikeun [[Éropa Kulon]], [[Yunani]], jeung [[Turki]]. Dengan bantuan AS, militer Yunani berhasil meunangkeun perang saudara.<ref name = "Karabell" /> partéy [[Démokrasi Kristen (Italia)|Démokrasi Kristen]] [[Italia]] ogé sukses ngéléhkeun aliansi [[Partei Komunis Italia|Komunis]]-[[Partei Sosialis Italia|Sosialis]] dina pemilihan umum taun 1948.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=162}}</ref> Dina saat nu bersamaan, terjadi paningkatan aktivitas intelijen jeung [[spionaseu]], [[Pembelotan jeung emigrasi Blok Wétan|pembelotan Blok Wétan]], jeung pengusiran diplomatik.<ref>{{Harvnb|Cowley|1996|p=157}}</ref> === Blokade Berlin === [[Gambar:C-47s at Tempelhof Airport Berlin 1948.jpg|thumb|C-47s ngalakukeun pembongkaran di [[Bandar Udara Internasional Tempelhof|Bandar Udara Tempelhof]] di Berlin salila berlangsungnya Blokade Berlin.]] {{Main|Blokade Berlin}} Amérika Sarikat jeung Britania ngahijikeun zona Jajahan maranéhna di Jerman jadi “[[Bizone|Bizonia]]” (1 Januari 1947, terus jadi “Trizonia” saenggeus zona Jajahan Perancis ogé digabungkeun dina bulan April 1949).<ref name="miller13">{{Harvnb|Miller|2000|p=13}}</ref> Bagéan ti upaya dibangunna deui perékonomian Jerman, dina awal 1948 perwakilan ti sababaraha nagara Éropa Kulon jeung Amérika Sarikat ngumumkeun kamupakatan pikeun ngahijikeun wilayah Jajahan Jerman Kulon jadi salah sahiji Pamaréntahan federal.<ref name="miller18">{{Harvnb|Miller|2000|p=18}}</ref> Selain itu, sesuai dengan Rencana Marshall, maranéhna nyieun deui industrialisasi jeung ngatur deui perékonomian Jerman bareng-bareng, kaasup dibéwarakeunna mata uang anyar [[Deutsche Mark]] pikeun ngagantikeun mata uang [[Reichsmark]] lila nu nilaina anjlok Soviét.<ref name="miller31">{{Harvnb|Miller|2000|p=31}}</ref> Teu lila sanggeusna, Stalin ngalembagakeun [[Blokade Berlin]] (24 Juni 1948 - 12 Mei 1949), salah sahiji krisis gedé kahiji nu kajadian salila Perang Tiis, nu tujuanna pikeun megatkeun akses jeung nyegat kadaharan, bahan, jeung kalengkepan lianna asup ka [[Berlin Kulon]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=33}}</ref> Amérika Sarikat, Britania, Perancis, [[Kanada]], [[Selandia Baru]], [[Australia]], jeung Babaraha nagara lianna majukeun “bantuan udara” gedé-gedéan pikeun méré ka Berlin Kulon ku kadaharan jeung kalengkepan lianna.<ref>{{Harvnb|Miller|2000|pp=65–70}}</ref> Soviét ngalcarkeun kampanyeu hubungan publik kana parobahan kawijakan di Jerman Kulon. Para Komunis di Berlin Wétan ngupayakeun pikeun ngaganggu acara pemilihan umum munisipal di Berlin (saperti nu maranéhna lakukan dina pemilu 1946),<ref name="miller13"/> nu diayakeun dina tanggal 5 Désémber 1948 jeung ngahasilkeun 86,3% pemilih sakalian kajayaan nu gedé keur partéy non-Komunis.<ref>Turner, Henry Ashby, ''The Two Germanies Since 1945: East and West'', Yale University Press, 1987, ISBN 0-300-03865-8, page 29</ref> Hasil ieu sacara épéktip ngabagi Berlin jadi dua bagéan, nyaéta Berlin Wétan jeung Berlin Kulon. 300.000 warga Berlin démo jeung maksa supaya bantuan udara internasional pikeun Berlin tetep dilanjutkeun,<ref>Fritsch-Bournazel, Renata, ''Confronting the German Question: Germans on the East-West Divide'', Berg Publishers, 1990, ISBN 0-85496-684-6, page 143</ref> jeung pilot US Air Force [[Gail Halvorsen]] terus nanggepanna ku cara nyieun “[[Blokade Berlin|Operasi Permen]]” pikeun méré permen ka budak-budaj Jerman.<ref name="miller26">{{Harvnb|Miller|2000|p=26}}</ref> Dina bulan Mei 1949, Stalin mundur jeung nyabut blokadeu ka Berlin.<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 34">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=34}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Miller|2000|pp=180–81}}</ref> === Awal NATO jeung Radio Free Europe === {{Main|NATO|Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|Penyebaran informasi Blok Wétan}} [[Gambar:Truman signing National Security Act Amendment of 1949.jpg|right|thumb| Presiden Truman nandatanganan [[Undang-Undang Kaamanan Nasional 1947|Amendemen Undang-Undang Kaamanan Nasional 1949]] dengan para tamu di [[Oval Office]].]] Britania, Perancis, Amérika Sarikat, Kanada jeung dalapan nagara-nagara Éropa Kulon nandatanganan [[Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Kalér]] dina bulan April 1949 pikeun nyieun [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO).<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 34"/> Dina bulan Agustus, perangkat atom Soviét kahiji dibitukeun di [[Semipalatinsk]], [[Republik Sosialis Soviét Kazakhstan|RSS Kazakhtan]].<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> Saenggeus Soviét nolak pikeun miluan dina upaya dibanguna deui Jerman nu geus ditetapkeun ku nagara-nagara Éropa Kulon dina taun 1948,<ref name="miller18"/><ref name="turner23">{{Harvnb|Turner|1987|p=23}}</ref> AS, Britania, jeung Perancis meloporan dijieuna [[Jerman Kulon]] di tilu zona Jajahan maranéhna nu digabungkeun dina bulan April 1949.<ref name = "Byrd" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Trizonia|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2011|accessdate=May 7, 2011|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/606151/Trizonia}}</ref> Soviét teus nyikepanna ku dibéwarakeuna dijieuna [[Jerman Wétan|Republik Demokratik Jerman]] di zona Jajahana di Jerman Wétan dina bulan Oktober.<ref name = "Byrd" /> Média massa di [[Blok Wétan]] mangrupa [[Panyebaran informasi Blok Wétan|organ nagara]], operasionalna bener-bener kagantung jeung tunduk dina peraturan partéy komunis, media televisi jeung radio ditetapkeun sebagai Badan usaha milik nagara, sadengkeun [[media cetak]] biasana dibogaan ku organisasi pulitik, bagéan gedéna dibogaan ku partéy komunis lokal.<ref name="oneil15">{{cite book|last=O'Neil|first=Patrick|title=Post-communism and the Media in Eastern Europe|publisher=Routledge|year=1997|isbn=0-7146-4765-9|pages=15–25}}</ref> [[Propaganda]] Soviét maké filosofi Marxis pikeun nyerang kapitalismeu, mengklaim éksploitasi tenaga kerja, jeung perang ka imperialisme.<ref>James Wood, p. 111</ref> Ku waktu dilegaana siaran [[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]] jeung [[Voice of America]] ka Éropa Wétan,<ref>{{Harvnb|Puddington|2003|p=131}}</ref> upaya propaganda gedé-gedéan dipaju dina taun 1949 ku dijieuna [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]], nu didedikasikeum pikeun ngawartakeun ngeunaan éra kakacauan ti sistem komunisme di Blok Wétan.<ref name="Puddington9" /> Radio Free Europe ngaupayakeun pikeun nepi ka tujuana ku cara ngalayanan pamiarsa sebagai stasiun radio gaganti, jeung jadi alternatif keur media dina negeri nu dikontrol jeung didominasi ku partéy.<ref name="Puddington9">{{Harvnb|Puddington|2003|p=9}}</ref> Radio Free Europe Éropa nyaéta produk ti sababaraha arsitek nu pang nonjolna ti strategi Perang Tiis awal Amérika, utamana maranéhna nu percaya yén Perang Tiis dina ahirna bakal diperjuangkeun liwat jalur pulitik daripada militer, siga Géorge F. Kennan.<ref name="Puddington7">{{Harvnb|Puddington|2003|p=7}}</ref> Nu nyieun kawijakan Amérika, kaasup Kennan jeung [[John Foster Dulles]], ngaku yén Perang Tiis dina kanyataana mangrupa salah sahiji perang gagasan.<ref name=Puddington7 /> Amérika Sarikat, dibantuan ku [[CIA]], ngabiayaan daptar panjang proyék-proyék pikeun ngalawan daya tarik komunis keur kalangan intelektual Éropa jeung nagara-nagara berkembang, atawa ku kata lian, nyegat upaya Soviét pikeun nyebarkeun pangaruh komunisna.<ref>{{Harvnb|Puddington|2003|p=10}}</ref> CIA icing-icing ogé nyeponsoran kampanyeu propaganda dina negeri nu disebut [[Pembasmian pikeun Kebébasan]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Cummings|first=Richard H.|title=Radio free Europe's "Crusade for freedom" : rallying Americans behind Cold War broadcasting, 1950-1960|year=2010|publisher=McFarland & Co|location=Jefferson, N.C.|isbn=9780786444106|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BO78hXsRebkC}}</ref> Dina awal 1950-an, AS ngupayakeun méré senjata deui Jerman Kulon. Dina taun 1955, AS ngajamin kaanggotaan pinuh Jerman Kulon di NATO.<ref name = "Byrd" /> Saméméhnya, bulan Mei 1953, Soviét gagal nyegat upaya dihijikeuna Jerman Kulon ka NATO.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=105}}</ref> === Perang Saudara Cina jeung SEATO === {{See|Perang Saudara Cina| Pakta Pertahanan Asia Tenggara}} [[Gambar:Mao, Bulganin, Stalin, Ulbricht Tsedenbal.jpeg|thumb|[[Mao Zedong]] jeung [[Joseph Stalin]] di Moskow, Désémber 1949 ]] Dina taun 1949, Tentara Pembébasan Rahayat [[Mao Zedong]] ngahasil ngagulingkeun Pamaréntahan Nasionalis [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) [[Chiang Kai-shek]] nu didukung ku Amérika Sarikat di [[Tiongkok]], jeung Uni Soviét tuluy ngajalin aliansi jeung [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] nu anyar kabentuk.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=39}}</ref> Chiang jeung Pamaréntahan KMT na mundur ka kapuloan [[Taiwan]]. Sabab dihadapkeun dina [[Révolusi Cina (1949)|Révolusi komunis di Tiongkok]] jeung [[Proyék bom atom Soviét|ahir ti monopoli atom]] Amérika Sarikat dina taun 1949, Pamaréntahan Truman langsung ngalegaan jeung ningkatkeun kawijakan [[kontainmen]] maranéhna di Tiongkok.<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> Dina [[NSC-68]], salah sahiji dokumen rusiah dina taun 1950,<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 164">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=164}}</ref> disebutkeun yén Dewan Kaamanan Nasional ngusulkeun pikeun nguatan sistem aliansi pro-Kulon jeung ngagedéan pangeluaran pertahanan.<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> Amérika Sarikat salajengna ogé maju ngalegaan kawijakan kontainmen maranéhna ke Asia, Afrika, jeung [[Amérika Latin]] pikeun ngalawan gerakan nasionalis Révolusioner, lolobana dipimpin ku partéy-partéy komunis nu dibiayaan ku Soviét jeung berjuang dina ngalawan dominasi kolonial Éropa di [[Asia Tenggara]] jeung wilayah lianna.<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 212">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p= 212}}</ref> Dina awal 1950-an (périodeu ieu kadang dikenal ku “[[Pactomania]]”), AS nyieun rangkéan aliansi jeung Jepang, Australia, Selandia Anyar , Thailand, jeung [[Filipina]] (utamana [[ANZUS]] dina taun 1951 jeung [[Pakta Pertahanan Asia Tenggara|SEATO]] dina taun 1954). Aliansi ieu nyieun AS mibanda sababaraha pangkalan militer jangka panjang di nagara-nagara éta.<ref name = "Byrd" /> === Perang Korea === {{Main|Perang Korea}} [[Gambar:IncheonLandingMcArthur.jpg|thumb|left|Jenderal [[Douglas MacArthur]], komandan CiC PBB (diuk), nempokeun panembakan laut [[Incheon]] ti [[USS Mount McKinley (AGC-7)|USS ''Mt. McKinley'']], 15 Séptémber 1950.]] Salah sahiji dampak nu signifikan ti kawijakan kontainmen Amérika Sarikat nyaéta peupeusna [[Perang Korea]]. Dina bulan Juni 1950, [[Tentara Rakyat Korea|Tentara Rakyat Korea Kalér]] di handap arahan ti [[Kim Il-Sung]] nginvasi [[Korea Kidul]].<ref name="Stokesbury1990">{{cite book|title= A Short History of the Korean War|url= https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofko00unse|last=Stokesbury|first= James L|year= 1990|publisher=Harper Perennial|location= New York|isbn= 0-688-09513-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofko00unse/page/14 14]}}</ref> Joseph Stalin “ngarencanakeun, nyiapkeun, jeung majukeun” invasi éta,<ref>David Dallin, ''Soviét Foreign Policy After Stalin'' (J. B. Lippincott, 1961), p60.</ref> nyusun “rencana [perang] nu parélé” nu terus dikirimkeun ka Koréa Kalér.<ref>Douglas J. Macdonald, “Communist Bloc Expansion in the Early Cold War,” International Security, Winter 1995-6, p180.</ref><ref>John Lewis Gaddis, ''We Know Now: Rethinking Cold War History'' (Oxford University Press, 1997), p71.</ref><ref>Sergei N. Goncharov, John W. Lewis and Xue Litai, ''Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao and the Korean War'' (Stanford University Press, 1993), p213</ref><ref>William Stueck, ''The Korean War: An International History'' (Princeton University Press, 1995), p69.</ref> Pikeun ngareuwaskeun Stalin,<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> [[Dewan Kaamanan PBB]] ngadukung jeung masilitasan pertahanan di Koréa Kidul, sanajan Soviét terus memboikot sidang sebagei protés sabab [[Republik Tiongkok|Taiwan]] nu dibéréan korsi tetep di dewan, bukana [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Komunis Cina]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Malkasian|2001|p=16}}</ref> Personel militer gabungan PBB nu ngahiji ti Koréa Kidul, AS, Britania Raya, Turki, Kanada, Australia, Perancis, Afrika Kidul, Filipina, Belanda, Belgia, Selandia Baru, jeung nagara-nagara lianna ngahiji pikeun ngeureunkeun invasi ieu.<ref>Fehrenbach, T. R., ''This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History'', Brasseys, 2001, ISBN 1-57488-334-8, page 305</ref> Épék laina ti Perang Koréa nyaéta ngadorong [[NATO]] pikeun ngembangkeun struktur militer.<ref>{{Harvnb|Isby|Kamps|1985|pp=13–14}}</ref> Opini publik di nagara-nagara nu miluan, seperti Britania, lolobana ngalawan perang ieu. Loba nu sieuneun yén perang ieu bakal ningkat jadi perang gedé ku Komunis Cina, atawa jadi [[perang nuklir]]. Pandangan nu béda ngeunaan perang ieu sok ngayakeun kategangan dina [[Hubungan Amérika Sarikat–Britania Raya|hubungan Britania–Amérika]]. Sabab alesan ieu, Britania nyokot langkah téréh pikeun ngeureunkeun konflik ku cara ngayakeun ide ngeunaan ngahijikeun Koréa di handap naungan PBB jeung panarikan sakabéh pasukan asing.<ref>{{Cite book |last = Cotton |first = James |title = The Korean war in history |publisher = Manchester University Press ND |year = 1989 |page = [https://archive.org/details/koreanwarinhisto0000unse/page/100 100] |url =https://archive.org/details/koreanwarinhisto0000unse |id = |isbn = 0-7190-2984-8}}</ref> Sanajan Cina jeung Koréa Kalér geus capé ku perang nu ngeureuyeuh terus jeung siap pikeun ngeureunana dina taun 1952, Stalin kukuh yén maranéhna kudu terus berjuang, jeung [[gencatan senjata]] anyar disetujuan dina taun 1953 saenggeus pupusna Stalin.<ref name = "Byrd" /> Pamingpin Koréa Kalér Kim Il Sung terus ngayakeun kediktatoran nu terpusat pidan jeung brutal di Koréa Kalér, méréna kakuasaan teu kabatas jeung ngahasilkeun salah sahiji kultus kapribadian nu teu katembus berdekade-dekade lilana.<ref>Oberdorfer, Don, ''The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History'', Basic Books, 2001, ISBN 0-465-05162-6, page 10-11</ref><ref>No, Kum-Sok and J. Roger Osterholm, ''A MiG-15 to Freedom: Memoir of the Wartime North Korean Defector who First Delivered the Secret Fighter Jet to the Americans in 1953'', McFarland, 1996, ISBN 0-7864-0210-5</ref> Di Koréa Kidul, pamingpin [[Korupsi|korup]] [[Syngman Rhee]] nu meunang dukungan ti AS nerapkeun sistem Pamaréntahan [[Totalitarianisme|totaliter]].<ref>{{Cite book|last = Hastings|first = Max|title = The Korean War|publisher = Simon & Schuster|year = 1988|location = New York|pages = 89–90|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=wvOMegzEi3AC|id =|isbn = 0-671-66834-X}}</ref> Saenggeus Rhee digulingkan dina taun 1960, Koréa Kidul ragrag di handap masa Pamaréntahan militer nu lumangsung nepi ka dijieuna deui sistem multi-partéy dina taun 1987. == Krisis jeung paningkatan (1953-1962) == {{Main|Perang Tiis (1953–1962)}} [[Gambar:1959 NATO and WP troop strengths in Europe.svg|thumb|Kakuatan tentara NATO jeung [[Pakta Warsawa]] di Éropa dina taun 1959.]] === Khrushchev, Eisenhower jeung de-Stalieusasi === Dina taun 1953, perobahan dina kepamingpinan pulitik di kadua pihak turut menggeser dinamika Perang Tiis.<ref name=autogenerated1>Karabell, p. 916</ref> [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] dilantik sebagai présidén AS nu anyar dina bulan Januari. Salila 18 bulan terahir Pamaréntahan Truman, anggaran pertahanan Amérika Sarikat telah meningkat opat kali lipat, jeung Eisenhower bertekad pikeun ngurangan sepertiga ti pengeluaran militer sambil terus berjuang dina Perang Tiis sacara épéktip.<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> Saenggeus kematian [[Joseph Stalin]], [[Nikita Khrushchev]] jadi pamingpin Soviét saenggeus deposisi jeung pengeksekusian [[Lavrentiy Beria]] jeung ogé menyingkirkan saingana seperti [[Georgy Malenkov]] jeung [[Vyacheslav Molotov]]. Dina tanggal 25 Februari 1956, Khrushchev mengejutkan delegasi dina Kongres ke-20 [[Partei Komunis Uni Soviét|Partei Komunis Soviét]] dengan mencela kejahatan Stalin.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=107}}</ref> Sebagai bagéan ti kampanye [[de-Stalieusasi]], manéhna nyatakeun yén hiji-hijina cara pikeun méré formasi jeung menjauh ti kawijakan Stalin nyaéta dengan mengakui kesalahan nu dilakukana dina masa lalu.<ref name = "Karabell" /> Dina tanggal 18 November 1956, saat berpidato ka duta besar Kulon dina salah sahiji resepsi di kedutaan Polandia di Moskow, Khrushchev mengungkapkan kalimat terkenalnya: "Entah kalian suka atawa henteu, sejarah aya di pihak kami. Kamibakal mengubur kalian", pernyataana ieu mengejutkan sakabéh tamu nu hadir.<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,867329,00.html We Will Bury You!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824033318/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,867329,00.html |date=2013-08-24 }}", ''[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]]'', November 26, 1956. Retrieved June 26, 2008.</ref> Khrushchev kemudian mengklaim yén manéhna teu membicarakan ngeunaan perang nuklir, melainkan ngeunaan kemenangan komunisme atas kapitalismeu.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=84}}</ref> Taun 1961, Khrushchev nyatakeun: "bahkan jika Uni Soviét aya di belakang Kulon, dina satu dekade kekurangan perumahanbakal lenyap, barang-barang konsumsibakal melimpah, jeung dina dua dekade, pembangunan masyarakat komunis di Uni Soviétbakal selesai".<ref>{{Harvnb|Tompson|1997|pp=237–239}}</ref> Sekretaris nagara Eisenhower, John Foster Dulles, ngamimitian kawijakan "[[New Look]]" nu jadi strategi kontainmen (penahanan) anyar, nu nyerukeun supaya AS leuwih ngandelkeun senjata nuklir pikeun ngalawan musuh-musuhna keur waktuna perang.<ref name = "Karabell" /> Dulles ogé nyerukeun doktrin "pembalasan besar-besaran" jeung nitah ka AS pikeun teu nanggepan unggal agresi Soviét. Sebagai contoh, karena Soviét mibanda kaunggulan nuklir, Eisenhower, di handap ancaman ti Khrushchev, nolak pikeun campur tangan dina [[Krisis Suez]] di [[Wétan Tengah]] dina taun 1956.<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> === Pakta Warsawa jeung Révolusi Hungaria === {{Main|Pakta Warsawa| Révolusi Hongaria}} [[Gambar:Location Warsaw Pakt.svg|thumb|right|300px|Peta nagara-nagara [[Pakta Warsawa]].]] Saenggeus kematian Stalin dina taun 1953, kategangan berlangsung dengan sedikit leuwih santai, meskipun situasi di Éropa tetep belum kondusif.<ref name = "Palmowski">{{Harvnb|Palmowski|year=2004}}</ref> Soviét, nu sudah nyieun jaringan perjanjian bantuan timbal balik dina [[Blok Wétan]] dina taun 1949,<ref>Feldbrugge, p. 818</ref> ogé nyieun suatu aliansi formal pikeun ngalengkepana, nyaéta [[Pakta Warsawa]] dina taun 1955.<ref name = "Byrd" /> [[Révolusi Hongaria]] 1956 terjadi teu lila saenggeus Khrushchev menghapuskan kakuasaan pamingpin Stalieus Hongaria [[Mátyás Rákosi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/4/newsid_2739000/2739039.stm|title=Soviét troops overrun Hungary|publisher=BBC News|date=November 4, 1956|accessdate=June 11, 2008}}</ref> Sebagai tanggepan ka pemberontakan,<ref>Video: [http://files.osa.ceu.hu/holdings/selection/rip/4/av/1956-44.html Revolt in Hungary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117094223/http://files.osa.ceu.hu/holdings/selection/rip/4/av/1956-44.html |date=2007-11-17 }} Narrator: [[Walter Cronkite]], producer: CBS (1956) – Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306-0-1:40</ref> rezim anyar ieu sacara resmi dibubarkan ku [[ÁVH|polisi rusiah]], nyatakeun niatnya pikeun menarik diri ti [[Pakta Warsawa]] jeung jangji pikeun ngayakeun pemilihan umum nu. Tentara Soviét mulai menyerbu.<ref name=troops>UN General Assembly ''Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary'' (1957) {{PDF|[http://mek.oszk.hu/01200/01274/01274.pdf Chapter IV. E (Logistical deployment of new Soviét troops), para 181 (p. 56)]|1.47&nbsp;MB}}</ref> Rébuan warga Hongaria ditangkap, dipenjarakan, dideportasi ke Uni Soviét,<ref>{{cite web | title = Report by Soviét Deputy Interior Mieuster M. N. Holodkov to Interior Mieuster N. P. Dudorov (15 November 1956) | work = The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents | publisher = George Washington University: The National Security Archive | date = November 4, 2002 | url = http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB76/doc8.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate =Séptémber 2, 2006}}</ref> jeung leuwih ti 200.000 warga melarikan diri keluar Hongaria.<ref name="Cseresneyes">{{cite journal| last = Cseresnyés| first = Ferenc| title = The '56 Exodus to Austria| journal = The Hungarian Quarterly| volume = XL| issue = 154| pages = 86–101| publisher = Society of the Hungarian Quarterly| url = http://www.hungarianquarterly.com/no154/086.html| date = Summer 1999| accessdate = October 9, 2006| ref = harv| postscript = .}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041127172402/http://www.hungarianquarterly.com/no154/086.html |date=November 27, 2004 }}</ref> Pamingpin Hongaria [[Imre Nagy]] jeung nu lianna dieksekusi saenggeus diprosés dina salah sahiji persidangan rusiah.<ref name="BBCJune16">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/ "On This Day June 16, 1989: Hungary reburies fallen hero Imre Nagy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425235008/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/ |date=April 25, 2009 }} British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) reports on Nagy reburial with full honors. Retrieved October 13, 2006.</ref> Ti 1957 sampai 1961, Khrushchev sacara terbuka jeung teterusan ngancem Kulon ku pamusnahan nuklir. Manéhna mengklaim yén kamampuan rudal Soviét jauh leuwih unggul ti Amérika Sarikat, jeung mampu mupuskeun dayeuh-dayeuh di Amérika atawa Éropa. Namun, Khrushchev nolak keyakinan Stalin dina keniscayaan perang jeung nyatakeun yén tujuan barunya nyaéta pikeun "hirup berdampingan sacara damai".<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=70}}</ref> Kawijakan ieu berbéda dengan Soviét dina éra Stalin, di mana [[perjuangan kelas]] internasional hartina yén kadua kubu nu berlawanan aya dina konflik tak terelakkan dengan komunisme nu bakal menang melalui [[Perang Dunya|perang global]]. Ayeuna, perdamaianbakal ngamungkinkeun kapitalismeu pikeun menghadapi keruntuhana sendiri,<ref>{{Harvnb|Perlmutter|1997|p=145}}</ref> jeung ogé méré waktu bagi Soviét pikeun ningkatkeun kamampuan militer maranéhna,<ref>{{Harvnb|Njolstad|2004|p=136}}</ref> nu bakal tetep bertahan puluhan taun sampai munculnya éra "pemikiran baru" Gorbachev.<ref>Breslauer, p. 72</ref> Paristiwa di [[Hongaria]] melumpuhkan idéologi partéy-partéy Komunis dunya, terutama di [[Éropa Kulon]], jeung terjadi penurunan nu besar dina jumlah kéanggotaan partéy. Nagara-nagara Kulon jeung komunis merasa kecewa dengan respon brutal Soviét.<ref name=Lendvai196>{{Cite book |last = Lendvai |first = Paul |title = One day that shook the Communist world: the 1956 Hungarian uprising and its legacy |publisher = Princeton University Press |year = 2008 |page = [https://archive.org/details/onedaythatshookc0000lend/page/196 196] |url =https://archive.org/details/onedaythatshookc0000lend |id = |isbn = 0-691-13282-8}}</ref> partéy komunis di Kulon can pernah pulih ti pangaruh Révolusi Hongaria dina hal kéanggotaan partéy, fakta nu segera diakui ku Babaraha pihak, seperti politisi [[Yugoslavia]] [[Milovan Djilas]], nu nyatakeun yén: "luka nu ditorehkan ku Révolusi Hongaria ka komunisme can pernah bener-bener sembuh".<ref name=Lendvai196/> === Ultimatum Berlin jeung integrasi Éropa === [[Gambar:Soviét empire 1960.png|thumb|Wilayah-wilayah di dunya nu aya di handap pangaruh Soviét saenggeus [[Révolusi Kuba]] taun 1959 jeung saméméh [[perpecahan Sino-Soviét]] taun 1961.|pra=Special:FilePath/Soviét_empire_1960.png]] Salila bulan November 1958, Khrushchev gagal pikeun ngarobah sakabéh [[Berlin]] jadi "dayeuh nu independen, terdemiliterisasi jeung bébas", hal ieu membuat Amérika Sarikat, Britania, jeung Perancis diberi ultimatum enam bulan pikeun menarik pasukan maranéhna ti sektor nu masih diicingan di Berlin Kulon, atawa Khrushchevbakal mengalihkan kendali hak akses Kulon ke [[Jerman Wétan]]. Khrushchev saméméhnya menjelaskan ka [[Mao Zedong]] yén "Berlin nyaéta testikelnya Kulon. Unggal kali saya hayang membuat Kulon menjerit, maka sayabakal meremas Berlin."<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=71}}</ref> [[NATO]] sacara resmi nolak ultimatum ieu dina pertengahan Désémber jeung Khrushchev menarik kembali ultimatumnya dina konferensi Jenewa.<ref>Glees, pp. 126–27</ref> Leuwih luas deui, salah sahiji ciri ti taun 1950-an nyaéta awal ti [[integrasi-Éropa]], nu mangrupa produk ti Perang Tiis nu memperomosikan pulitik, ékonomi, jeung militer Truman jeung Eisenhower, namun kemudian hal ieu dipandang sebagai kawijakan nu ambigu, takut yén Éropa nu independen bakal ngalakukeun ''[[détente]]'' misah ti Uni Soviét, nu bisa dipaké pikeun ngagogoréng perpecahan Kulon.<ref>Cameron‏, p. 156</ref> === Sasaingan di Dunya Katilu === {{Main|Kudéta Iran 1953|Kudéta Guatemala 1954|Krisis Kongo|Dekolonisasi|Gerakan Non-Blok}} [[Gambar:1961 CPA 2566.jpg|thumb|170px|right|Perangko Soviét taun 1961 nu nungtut kebébasan bagi nagara-nagara Afrika.]] [[Gambar:The Soviet Union 1961 CPA 2576 stamp (The Struggle for the Liberation of Africa. Lumumba ( 1925-1961 ), premier of Congo).jpg|thumb|upright|Perangko Soviét taun 1961 intuk memperingati [[Patrice Lumumba]], perdana menteri [[Republik Kongo]].]] Gerakan nasionalis di sabaraha nagara saperti [[Guatemala]], [[Indonésia]] jeung [[Indocina]] sok bersekutu jeung kelompok komunis, atawa nu dianggep ku Kulon dibantuan ku komunis.<ref name = "Karabell" /> Dina konteks ieu, Amérika Sarikat jeung Uni Soviét terus ningkatkeun sasaingan maranéhna pikeun nyebarkeun pangaruh dengan cara néangan proksi di [[Dunya Katilu]], jeung ieu bertepatan dengan momentum [[dekolonisasi]] dina taun 1950-an jeung awal 1960-an.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=121–124}}</ref> Selain itu, Soviét terus dirugikan ku kakuatan-kakuatan imperialis.<ref>Edelheit, p. 382</ref> Kadua pihak mulai ngalakukeun pengiriman jeung penjualan senjata ka nagara-nagara Dunya Katilu pikeun meunang pangaruh.<ref>{{cite book|last1 = Towle|first1 = Philip|title = The Oxford History of Modern War|url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofm00town|chapter = Cold War|editors = Charles Townshend|publisher = Oxford University Press|year = 2000|location = New York, USA|page = [https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofm00town/page/160 160]|accessdate =August 12, 2011|isbn = 0-19-285373-2}}</ref> Amérika Sarikat memanfaatkan [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) pikeun menyusup ke dina pergolakan pulitik di Dunya Katilu jeung ogé pikeun ngadukung sekutu maranéhna.<ref name = "Karabell" /> Dina taun 1953, CIA melaksanakan [[Operasi Ajax]], salah sahiji operasi rusiah nu bertujuan pikeun ngagulingkeun perdana menteri [[Iran]], [[Mohammed Mossadegh]]. Mosadegh nu menganut prinsip [[Gerakan Non-Blok|Non-Blok]] telah jadi nemesis [[Wétan Tengah]] bagi Britania sejak manéhna menasionalisasi perusahaan minyak [[Anglo-Iranian Oil Company]] milik Britania dina taun 1951. [[Winston Churchill]] mengatakan ka AS yén Mossadegh "beuki beralih ke komunisme".<ref>Mark J. Gasiorowski and Malcolm Byrne ''Mohammad Mosaddegh and the 1953 Coup in Iran'', Syracuse University Press, May 2004. ISBN 0-8156-3018-2, p. 125.</ref><ref>{{Cite document |url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB126/iran521120.pdf |format=PDF |title=United States policy regarding the current situation in Iran |publisher=George Washington University |date=November 20, 1952 |author=James S. Lay, Jr. |accessdate=November 7, 2007 |ref=harv}} Statement of policy proposed by the National Security Council</ref><ref>{{Cite document |url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB126/iran530320.pdf |format=PDF |title=First Progress Report on Paragraph 5-1 of NSC 136/1, "U.S. Policy Regarding the Current Situation in Iran" |publisher=George Washington University |author=Walter B. Smith, Undersecretary |date=March 20, 1953 |accessdate=November 7, 2007 |ref=harv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite document |url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB126/iran530300.pdf |publisher=George Washington University |title=Measures which the United States Government Might Take in Support of a Successor Government to Mosaddegh |month=March |year=1953 |format=PDF |accessdate=November 7, 2007 |ref=harv}}</ref> [[Shah]] nu pro-Kulon, [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], kemudian naik jabatan sebagai monarki [[otokratik]].<ref>{{Cite book|last = Watson|first = Cynthia A.|title = U.S. National Security: A Reference Handbook|publisher = ABL-CLIO|year = 2002|location = Santa Barbara, California|page = 118|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Nj2monE0y4cC|id =|isbn = 978-1-57607-598-2}}</ref> Kawijakan Shah nu anyar ieu di antarana ngalarang aktivitas partéy komunis [[Partei Tudeh|Tudeh]] jeung penekanan perbédaan pendapat pulitik ku [[SAVAK]], Badan kaamanan jeung intelijen dina negeri Shah. Di [[Guatemala]], salah sahiji [[Kudéta Guatemala 1954|kudéta militer nu didukung CIA]] berhasil ngagulingkeun présidén sayap kiri [[Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán]] dina taun 1954.<ref>Stone, ''The Atlantic and Its Enemies'' (2010) pp 199, 256</ref> Pamaréntah pasca-Arbenz nu dipimpin ku [[Carlos Castillo Armas]] mengembalikan sakabéh properti milik AS nu dinasionalisasi, nyieun [[Komite Nasional Pertahanan Ngalawan Komunisme]], jeung mendekritkan Hukum Pidana Pencegahan Ka Komunisme atas permintaan Amérika Sarikat.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Bulmer-Thomas|first = V.|title = The Political Economy of Central America since 1920|publisher = Cambridge University Press|year = 1987|location = Cambridge|page = 142|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=zHE5AAAAIAAJ|isbn = 978-0-521-34284-1}}</ref> présidén Indonésia, [[Soekarno]], nu ngagem prinsip-prinsip Non-Blok, dihadapkan dina ancaman besar dina awal taun 1956, ketika Babaraha komanjeung daerah mulai nungtut otonomi ti [[Jakarta]]. Saenggeus prosés mediasi gagal, Soekarno mengambil tindakan tegas pikeun menyingkirkan maranéhna nu membangkang. Dina bulan Februari 1958, komanjeung militer di [[Sumatera Tengah]] (Kolonel [[Ahmad Husein]]) jeung Sulawesi Kalér (Kolonel [[Ventje Sumual]]) mendeklarasikan pembentukan [[Pamaréntah Révolusioner Republik Indonésia]]-[[Permesta]], nu bertujuan pikeun ngagulingkeun rezim Soekarno. Maranéhna bergabung dengan politisi sipil lianna ti partéy [[Masyumi]] seperti [[Sjafruddin Prawiranagara]], nu ngalawan pertumbuhan pangaruh ti [[Partei Komunis Indonésia]]. Karena retorika anti-komunis maranéhna, pemberontakan maranéhna mendapat bantuan senjata, dana, jeung bantuan lianna ti CIA. Hal ieu terbukti saat pesawat Amérika nu dipiloti ku [[Allen Lawrence Pope]] tertembak jatuh di [[Ambon]] dina bulan April 1958. Pamaréntah pusat nanggepannya dengan meluncurkan invasi militer lewat laut jeung udara melalui [[Dinang]] jeung [[Manado]]. Dina ahir 1958, para pemberontak berhasil dikalahkan, jeung pemberontak nu tersisa menyerahkan diri dina bulan Agustus 1961.<ref>{{cite book |last = Roadnight |first = Andrew |title = United States Policy towards Indonesia in the Truman and Eisenhower Years |publisher = Palgrave Macmillan |year = 2002 |location = New York |pages = |url = |isbn = 0-333-79315-3}}</ref> Di [[Irak]], [[Abd al-Karim Qasim]] [[Révolusi 14 Juli|ngagulingkeun]] monarki [[Hashemite]] dina taun 1958 jeung ngawangun aliansi dengan [[Partei Komunis Irak]] jeung Uni Soviét.<ref>{{cite book|author = [[Con Coughlin|Coughlin, Con]]| pages = [https://archive.org/details/saddam00conc/page/27 25]–26|title = Saddam: His Rise and Fall|url = https://archive.org/details/saddam00conc|location =|publisher = [[Harper Perennial]]|year = 2005|isbn = 0-06-050543-5}}</ref> Meskipun [[Partei Ba'ath Sosialis Arab – Wilayah Irak|Partei Ba'ath]] nu anti-komunis nyaéta faksi dominan dina kabinét Qasim,<ref>{{cite book|author = [[Con Coughlin|Coughlin, Con]]| pages = [https://archive.org/details/saddam00conc/page/26 24]–25|title = Saddam: His Rise and Fall|url = https://archive.org/details/saddam00conc|location =|publisher = [[Harper Perennial]]|year = 2005|isbn = 0-06-050543-5}}</ref> AS mulai khawatir yén pemberontakan mungkinbakal menginspirasi "reaksi berantai" di sakabéh Wétan Tengah.<ref>Lesch, David W. ''The Middle East and the United States Third Edition: A Historical and Political Reassessment''. Boulder: Westview Press, 2003. page 173.</ref> Mesir jeung Suriah ogé berusaha pikeun membunuh Qasim pikeun alasan maranéhna sendiri,<ref>{{cite book|author = [[Con Coughlin|Coughlin, Con]]| page = [https://archive.org/details/saddam00conc/page/29 27]|title = Saddam: His Rise and Fall|url = https://archive.org/details/saddam00conc|location =|publisher = [[Harper Perennial]]|year = 2005|isbn = 0-06-050543-5}}</ref> CIA ogé dianggep berperan dina ngirimkan saputangan beracun ka Qasim (meskipun masih diperdebatkan).<ref name=Church181>{{Cite book |chapter = C. Institutionalizing Assassination: the "Executive Action" capability |title = Alleged Assassination Plots involving Foreign Leaders |author = Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |date = 20 November 1975 |url = http://history-matters.com/archive/church/reports/ir/contents.htm |page = 181 |ref = harv }}</ref> Saenggeus serangkaian kudéta, Ba'athist berhasil méré but kakuasaan dina taun 1968, kemungkinan dengan dukungan ti KGB,<ref>Mauro, Ryan, [http://globalpolitician.com/21610-iraq-syria-wmd "Interview with Ali Ibrahim al-Tikriti,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016163428/http://www.globalpolitician.com/21610-iraq-syria-wmd |date=2012-10-16 }} ''Global Politician'', 14 February 2006. The former Ba'athist general claims: "The Soviét Union openly supported and backed the [[17 July Revolution|Ba'athist revolution in Iraq]] at the time and I am sure you can find news articles about it in European press agencies and others at the time. I was there helping with the revolution and worked on two occasions with Soviét KGB officials to help train us, much like the United States did with the Taliban during the Soviét campaign in Afghanistan."</ref> meskipun militer Irak ogé ngalakukeun kudéta.<ref>{{cite book|author = [[Con Coughlin|Coughlin, Con]]| page = [https://archive.org/details/saddam00conc/page/56 52]|title = Saddam: His Rise and Fall|url = https://archive.org/details/saddam00conc|location =|publisher = [[Harper Perennial]]|year = 2005|isbn = 0-06-050543-5}}</ref> Di Républik Kongo, nu anyar merdeka ti [[Belgia]] dina bulan Juni 1960, CIA menghasut présidén [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] pikeun memecat Perdana Menteri kapilih [[Patrice Lumumba]] jeung membubarkan kabinét Lumumba dina bulan Séptémber.<ref name = "Schraeder 1994, 57">{{Cite book|last = Schraeder|first = Peter J.|title = United States Foreign Policy Toward Africa: Incrementalism, Crisis, and Change|publisher = Cambridge University Press|year = 1994|location = Cambridge|page = 57|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=goKxyUia-7UC|id = |isbn = 978-0-521-46677-6}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dina [[Krisis Kongo]] nu terjadi saenggeusnya, CIA ngadukung Kolonel [[Mobutu]] dengan cara memobilisasi pasukana pikeun méré but kakuasaan melalui kudéta militer.<ref name = "Schraeder 1994, 57"/> Di [[Guiana Britania]], kandidat [[Partei Progresif Rakyat]] (PPP) nu berhaluan kiri, [[Cheddi Jagan]], meunangkeun posisi ketua menteri dina pemilihan umum kolonial nu diselenggarakan dina taun 1953, namun sacara cepat dipaksa pikeun mengundurkan diri ti jabatana saenggeus ayana suspensi ti Britania Raya nu masih mibanda kewenangan ka konstitusi nagara éta.<ref name = "Rose 2002, 167">{{Cite book|last = Rose|first = Euclid A.|title = Dependency and Socialism in the Modern Caribbean: Superpower Intervention in Guyana, Jamaica, and Grenada, 1970–1985|publisher = Lexington Books|year = 2002|location = Lanham|page = 57|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=KkPb3-krfQgC|id =|isbn = 978-0-7391-0448-4}}</ref> Dipermalukan ku kemenangan telak Jagan nu diduga Marxis, Britania memenjarakan ketua PPP dina taun 1955 jeung maranéhnayasa perpecahan antara Jagan dengan rekan PPP nya.<ref name="Mars & Young 2004, xviii">Mars, Perry & Alma H. Young (2004). [http://books.google.com/books?id=F4lJBFU-k1wC ''Caribbean Labor and Politics: Legacies of Cheddi Jagan and Michael Manley'']. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. xviii. ISBN 978-0-8143-3211-5.</ref> Jagan deudeuieun meunangkeun pemilu kolonial dina taun 1957 jeung 1961. Amérika Sarikat menekan Britania pikeun menunda méré kemerdekaan ka Guiana sampai haluan pulitik Jagan telah teridentifikasi.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Palmer|first = Colin A.|title = Cheddi Jagan and the Politics of Power: British Guiana's Struggle for Independence|publisher = University of North Carolina Press|year = 2010|location = Chapel Hill|pages = 247–248|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=NHd1sxVg4XwC|id =|isbn = 978-0-8078-3416-9}}</ref> Karena dilelahkan ku [[Perang Indochina Kahiji|perang gerilya komunis nu nungtut kemerdekaan Vietnam]], Perancis setuju pikeun ngalakukeun negosiasi dengan komunis Vietnam. Dina [[Konferensi Jenewa (1954)|Konferensi Jenewa]], perjanjian damai ditandatangani, jeung Vietnam dibagi jadi [[Vietnam Kalér]] nu pro-Soviét jeung [[Vietnam Kidul]] nu pro-Kulon. Antara taun 1954 jeung 1961, Amérika Sarikat ngirimkan bantuan ékonomi jeung penasihat militer pikeun memperkuat rezim pro-Kulon Vietnam Kidul dina menghalangi upaya komunis nu berniat pikeun mengacaukana.<ref name = "LaFeber 1991"/> Loba nagara-nagara berkembang di Asia, Afrika, jeung Amérika Latin nu nolak tekanan pikeun memihak salah sahiji blok. Dina taun 1955, dina [[Konferensi Asia-Afrika|Konferensi Bandung]] di Indonésia, puluhan nagara Dunya Katilu memutuskan pikeun keluar ti Perang Tiis.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=126}}</ref> [[Dasasila Bandung|Konsesus nu ditetepkan di Bandung]] mencapai puncaknya dengan didirikana [[Gerakan Non-Blok]] nu bermarkas di [[Belgrade]] dina taun 1961.<ref name = "Karabell" /> Sementara itu, Khrushchev memperluas kawijakan Moskow dengan menjalin hubungan dengan [[India]] jeung nagara-nagara netral lianna. Gerakan kemerdekaan di Dunya Katilu ngarobah tatanan dunya pasca-perang jadi leuwih pluralistik dengan diterapkana [[dekolonisasi]] bagi nagara-nagara Afrika jeung Wétan Tengah jeung semangat nasionalisme ogé meningkat di Asia jeung Amérika Latin.<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> === Perpecahan Sino-Soviét jeung Perlombaan Angkasa === {{Main|Perpecahan Sino-Soviét|Perlombaan Angkasa}} [[Gambar:Space Race 1957-1975 black text.png|thumb|right|Diagram perkembangan [[Perlombaan Angkasa]] dina taun 1957–1975.]] périodeu saenggeus 1956 ditandai dengan kemunduran serius bagi Uni Soviét, terutama pecahnya aliansi Cina-Soviét, nu dimulai dengan [[perpecahan Sino-Soviét]]. Mao membela Stalin ketika Khrushchev mengkritiknya saenggeus kematiana dina taun 1956, jeung menganggep pamingpin Soviét nu anyar sebagai "pemula nu dangkal", Mao ogé menuduhnya telah keleungitan sisi Révolusioner.<ref name="Gaddis142" /> Sementara itu, Khrushchev, nu merasa terganggu atas sikap Mao nu anti-perang nuklir, menyebut pamingpin Cina sebagai "orang nu gila takhta".<ref>{{cite book|last=Kempe|first=Frederick|title=Berlin 1961|url=https://archive.org/details/berlin1961kenned0000kemp|year=2011|publisher=Penguin Group (USA)|isbn=0-399-15729-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/berlin1961kenned0000kemp/page/42 42]}}</ref> Saenggeus hal itu terjadi, Khrushchev ngalakukeun rupa-rupa upaya pikeun ngawangun kembali aliansi dengan Cina, namun Mao nolak unggal usulana.<ref name="Gaddis142">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=142}}</ref> Permusuhan Cina-Soviét ieu ahirnya tumpah dina perang propaganda intra-komunis.<ref>Lüthi, pp. 273–276</ref> Selanjutnya, Soviét mulai berfokus dina sasaingan sengit dengan Cina pikeun memperebutkan posisi sebagai pamingpin gerakan komunis dunya.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=140–142}}</ref> Dilatardepani ku [[senjata nuklir]], Amérika Sarikat jeung Uni Soviét mulai bersaing pikeun ngawangun persenjataan nuklir jeung mengembangkan senjata jangka-panjang nu bisa maranéhna pergunakan pikeun menyerang satu sama lain.<ref name = "Byrd" /> Bulan Agustus 1957, Soviét berhasil meluncurkan [[peluru kendali balistik antar benua]] pertama (ICBM),<ref>Lackey, p. 49</ref> jeung dina bulan Oktobernya, Soviét meluncurkan satelit Bumi pertama, [[Program Sputnik|Sputnik]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/4/newsid_2685000/2685115.stm|title=Sputnik satellite blasts into space|publisher=BBC News|date=October 4, 1957|accessdate=June 11, 2008}}</ref> Peluncuran Sputnik ieu menandai dimulainya [[Perlombaan Angkasa]] antara Soviét jeung Amérika Sarikat. Sasaingan ieu memuncak dengan [[Program Apollo|pendaratan Apollo di Bulan]], nu dideskripsikan ku astronot [[Frank Borman]] sebagai "pertempuran dina Perang Tiis".<ref>{{cite web| title = To Boldly Go|author=Klesius, Michael|work=Air & Space| url = http://www.airspacemag.com/space-exploration/To-Boldly-Go.html|accessdate=January 7, 2009|date=December 19, 2008}}</ref> === Révolusi Kuba jeung Invasi Teluk Babi === {{Main|Révolusi Kuba| Invasi Teluk Babi}} [[Gambar:CheyFidel.jpg|thumb|right|170px|[[Fidel Castro]] (kanan) jeung [[Che Guevara]], 1961.]] Di [[Kuba]], [[Gerakan 26 Juli]] berhasil méré but kakuasaan dina bulan Januari 1959, menjatuhkan présidén [[Fulgencio Batista]], nu rezimnya teu populer jeung teu direstui ku Pamaréntahan Eisenhower.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Blumberg|first = Arnold|title = Great Leaders, Great Tyrants?: Contemporary Views of World Rulers Who Made History|publisher = Greenwood Press|year = 1995|location = Westport, Connecticut|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=nofUu5tvJ18C|id =|isbn = 978-0-313-28751-0|pages = 23–24}}</ref> Hubungan diplomatik antara Kuba jeung Amérika Sarikat terus berlanjut salila Babaraha waktu saenggeus kejatuhan Batista, namun présidén Eisenhower sengaja meninggalkan ibu kota pikeun menghinti pertemuan dengan pamingpin pemuda Révolusioner Kuba [[Fidel Castro]] dina bulan April, jeung memerintahkan Wakil présidén [[Richard Nixon]] pikeun mengadakan pertemuan dengan Castro di kediamana.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Lechuga Hevia|first = Carlos|title = Cuba and the Missile Crisis|publisher = Ocean Press|year = 2001|location = Melbourne, Australia|page = 142|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=aKLrYxcDg2wC|id =|isbn = 978-1-876175-34-4}}</ref> Eisenhower teu yakin, apakah Castro séorang komunis atawa bukan. Eisenhower ogé ngalawan upaya Kuba pikeun ngurangan ketergantungan ékonomi maranéhna dina Amérika Sarikat.<ref name = "Smith 1998, 95">{{Cite book|last = Smith|first = Joseph|title = The Cold War 1945–1991|publisher = Blackwell|year = 1998|location = Oxford|page = 95|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=FnnF9NKMJdkC|id =|isbn = 978-0-631-19138-4}}</ref> Kuba mulai ngalakukeun negosiasi pembelian senjata dengan Éropa Wétan dina bulan Maret 1960.<ref>{{Harvnb|Dominguez|1989|p=22}}</ref> Bulan Januari 1961, sesaat saméméh turun ti jabatana, Eisenhower sacara resmi memutuskan hubungan dengan Pamaréntah Kuba. Dina bulan April 1961, présidén Amérika nu anyar kapilih, [[John F. Kennedy]], dengan bantuan ti [[wCIA]], gagal [[Invasi Teluk Babi|menginvasi pulau-pulau]] di Playa Girón jeung Playa Larga di [[Provinsi Las Villas]]{{mdash}}kegagalan nu ngéra-ngérakeun Amérika Sarikat di mata dunya.<ref name = "Smith 1998, 95"/> Castro nanggepannya dengan mengadopsi paham [[Marxisme-Lenieusme]], jeung Soviét jangji pikeun méré dukungan leuwih lanjut ka Kuba.<ref name = "Smith 1998, 95"/> === Krisis Berlin 1961 === {{Main|Krisis Berlin 1961|Tembok Berlin|Pembelotan jeung emigrasi Blok Wétan}} [[Gambar:Checkpoint Charlie 1961-10-27.jpg|thumb|Tank Soviét berhadapan dengan tank Amérika Sarikat di [[Checkpoint Charlie]], 27 Oktober, salila berlangsungnya Krisis Berlin 1961]] [[Krisis Berlin 1961]] nyaéta insiden besar terahir nu terjadi dina masa Perang Tiis terkait dengan status [[Berlin]] jeung kondisi Jerman pasca-Perang Dunya II. Dina awal 1950-an, [[Pembelotan jeung emigrasi Blok Wétan|pendekatan Soviét ngeunaan kawijakan pembatasan emigrasi]] ditiru ku sebagéan besar nagara [[Blok Wétan]] lianna.<ref name="dowty114">{{Harvnb|Dowty|1989|p=114}}</ref> Namun, ratusan ribu warga [[Jerman Wétan]] bérémigrasi ke [[Jerman Kulon]] unggal tauna melalui "celah" nu terdapat dina sistem antara Berlin Wétan jeung Berlin Kulon jeung dengan bantuan ti pasukan Sekutu di Jerman Kulon.<ref name="harrison99">{{Harvnb|Harrison|2003|p=99}}</ref> Emigrasi ngabalukarkeun berpindahnya sumber daya manusia nu berpotensi seperti kalangan profesional terdidik ti Jerman Wétan ke Jerman Kulon, hampir 20% penduduk Jerman Wétan telah bermigrasi ke Jerman Kulon dina taun 1961.<ref name="dowty122">{{Harvnb|Dowty|1989|p=122}}</ref> Dina bulan Juni, Uni Soviét mengeluarkan ultimatum anyar nu nungtut panarikan pasukan [[Sekutu]] ti Berlin Kulon.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=114}}</ref> Permintaan éta ditolak, jeung dina tanggal 13 Agustus, Jerman Wétan ngawangun hahalang kawat cucukan nu diteruskeun konstruksina dilegaan nepi ka engké nyieun [[Tembok Berlin]], nu sacara épéktip nutupan "celah" antara kadua wilayah éta.<ref name="pearson75">{{Harvnb|Pearson|1998|p=75}}</ref> === Krisis Rudal Kuba jeung penggulingan Khrushchev === {{Main|Proyék Kuba|Krisis Rudal Kuba}} [[Gambar:P-2H Neptune over Soviét ship Oct 1962.jpg|thumb|Kapal [[P-2 Neptune|P-2]] milik [[Angkatan Laut Amérika Sarikat]] terbang di atas salah sahiji kapal barang Soviét salila Krisis Rudal Kuba.|pra=Special:FilePath/P-2H_Neptune_over_Soviét_ship_Oct_1962.jpg]] Saenggeus [[Invasi Teluk Babi]], Kennedy terus néangan cara pikeun ngagulingkeun [[Fidel Castro|Castro]], Kennedy jeung Pamaréntahana béréksperimen sacara diam-diam dengan memfasilitasi penggulingan Pamaréntahan [[Kuba]]. Harapan nu signifikan disematkan dina salah sahiji program rusiah bernama [[Proyék Kuba]], nu dirancang di handap Pamaréntahan Kennedy dina taun 1961. Dina bulan Februari 1962, Khrushchev mengetahui rencana Amérika ka Kuba: "proyék Kuba"{{mdash}}disetujui ku CIA jeung menetapkan penggulingan Pamaréntah Kuba dina bulan Oktober, kemungkinan melibatkan militer Amérika{{mdash}}jeung Kennedy mungkin memerintahkan operasi pembunuhan ka Castro.<ref name="Zubok 1994, 158-159">Zubok, Vladislav M. (1994). "Unwrapping the Enigma: What Was Behind the Soviét Challenge in the 1960s?". In Diane B. Kunz (Ed.), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=SiVTA31wrzEC The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade: American Foreign Relations During the 1960s]''. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 158-159. ISBN 978-0-231-08177-1.</ref> Sebagai respon, Soviét mempersiapkan pemasangan rudal nuklirnya di Kuba.<ref name = "Zubok 1994, 158-159"/> Khawatir, Kennedy mutuskeun rupa-rupa réaksi pikeun nanggepannya, jeung ahirnya nanggepan instalasi rudal nuklir Soviét di Kuba dengan ngalakukeun blokade laut jeung méré ultimatum ka Soviét. Khrushchev mundur ti konfrontasi, jeung Uni Soviét membongkar rudalnya dengan imbalan janji Amérika agar teu deui menyerang Kuba.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Jones|first = Howard|title = Crucible of Power: A History of American Foreign Relations from 1945|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield|year = 2009|location = Lanham|page = 122|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=WwEu5Yv9KiUC|id =|isbn = 978-0-7425-6454-1}}</ref> [[Krisis Rudal Kuba]] (Oktober-November 1962) membawa dunya leuwih dekat ke arah [[perang nuklir]] tidina saméméhnya.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=82}}</ref> Leuwih lanjut, kajadian éta ogé nunjukkeun konsép silih yakinkeun bakal bahaya kaancuran, yén [[nagara adidaya]] teu siap pikeun menggunakan senjata nuklir maranéhna, takutbakal ayana kaancuran global total karena silih balas dendam.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=80}}</ref> Dampak ti krisis ieu ngabalukarkeun dilakukana upaya pertama dina membatasi [[perlombaan senjata nuklir]] dengan pelucutan senjata jeung perbaikan hubungan,<ref name = "Palmowski" /> meskipun upaya-upaya pikeun mencegah meletusnya perang nuklir telah ditetepkan sejak taun 1961 melalui [[Sistem Traktat Antarktika|Perjanjian Antartika]].<ref>National Research Council Committee on Antarctic Policy and Science, p. 33</ref> Taun 1964, rekan [[Kremlin]] Khrushchev berhasil [[Nikita Khrushchev#Penggulingan|ngagulingkeuna]], namun tetep mengizinkana pikeun pensiun dengan damai.<ref name="Gaddis119">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=119–120}}</ref> Khrushchev dituduh memerintah dengan kasar jeung inkompetensi, dia ogé dianggep telah menghancurkan sektor pertanian Soviét jeung membawa dunya ke ambang perang nuklir.<ref name="Gaddis119" /> Khrushchev ogé disebutkeun telah ngéra-ngérakeun dunya komunis ketika manéhna méré smikan pemwangunan Tembok Berlin, nu dianggep sebagai salah sahiji penghinaan publik pikeun Marxisme-Lenieusme.<ref name="Gaddis119" /> Posisi jabatan Nikita Khrushchev digantikan ku Léonid Brezhnev sebagai pamingpin partéy Komunis jeung sementara Alexei Kosygin menduduki kursi Perdana Menteri. == Konfrontasi melalui détente (1962–1979) == {{Main|Perang Tiis (1962–1979)}} [[Gambar:1973 NATO and WP troop strengths in Europe.svg|thumb|Kakuatan pasukan NATO jeung Pakta Warsawa di Éropa taun 1973.]] [[Gambar:Buzz salutes the U.S. Flag.jpg|right|thumb|Amérika Sarikat [[Apollo 11|mendarat pikeun pertama kalinya di bulan]] dina taun 1969—puncak ti [[perlombaan angkasa]].]] [[Gambar:F-4B VF-151 CV-41 TU-95.jpg|right|thumb| [[F-4 Phantom II]] milik US Navy menyadap pesawat [[Tupolev Tu-95]] D Soviét dina awal 1970-an.]] Dina périodeu 1960-an jeung 1970-an, peserta Perang Tiis berjuang pikeun menyesuaikan diri dengan pola anyar [[hubungan internasional]] nu leuwih rumit, dunya teu deui dibagi jadi dua blok besar nu bertentangan.<ref name = "Karabell" /> Ti awal périodeu pasca-perang, Éropa Kulon jeung [[Jepang]] dengan cepat pulih ti kaancuran Perang Dunya II jeung mulai mengalami pertumbuhan ékonomi nu kuat sepanjang taun 1950-an jeung 1960-an, dengan PDB per kapita nu hampir mendekati Amérika Sarikat, sadengkeun [[perékonomian Blok Wétan]] mengalami stagnasi.<ref name="Karabell" /><ref name="hardt16">{{Harvnb|Hardt|Kaufman|1995|p=16}}</ref> Sebagai akibat ti [[krisis minyak 1973]], dikombinasikan dengan beuki kuatnya pangaruh [[Dunya Katilu]] dengan ngawangun organisasi-organisasi seperti [[OPEC|Organisasi Nagara-Nagara Pengekspor Minyak]] (OPEC) jeung [[Gerakan Non-Blok]], nagara-nagara Dunya Katilu mibanda leuwih loba ruang pikeun memproklamirkan kemerdekaan maranéhna jeung beuki nunjukkeun yén maranéhna tahan banting ka tekanan ti nagara adidaya.<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 212"/> Sementara itu, [[Uni Soviét|Soviét]] dipaksa pikeun mengalihkan perhatiana dina isu-isu internal seperti permasalahan ékonomi di dina negeri.<ref name="Karabell" /> Salila périodeu ieu, pamingpin Soviét seperti [[Leonid Brezhnev]] jeung [[Alexei Kosygin]] mulai menerapkan pamarekan[[détente]].<ref name = "Karabell" /> === Pengunduran diri Perancis ti NATO === {{Main|NATO#Pengunduran diri Perancis ti NATO}} Keberlangsungan [[NATO]] sudah menghadapi tantangan dina awal sejarahnya, krisis terjadi salila kepamingpinan [[Charles de Gaulle]] ti [[Perancis]] dina taun 1958 jeung seterusnya. De Gaulle protes ngeunaan kuatnya peran Amérika Sarikat dina organisasi jeung cemburu atas "[[hubungan istimewa]]" antara Amérika Sarikat jeung Britania Raya. Dina salah sahiji memo nu dikirimkan dina présidén [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] jeung Perdana Menteri [[Harold Macmillan]] dina tanggal 17 Séptémber 1958, manéhna berpendapat pikeun nyieun tiga serangkai direktorat nu bakal memposisikan Perancis dina kedudukan nu sama dengan Amérika Sarikat jeung Britania Raya, jeung ogé perluasan cakupan NATO ke wilayah géografis nu mibanda kapentingan dengan Perancis, seperti [[Aljazair Perancis]], nu pemberontakana di dukung ku Perancis.<ref name=deGuaulle>{{Cite book |last = Menon‏ |first = Anand |title = France, NATO, and the limits of independence, 1981–97: the politics of ambivalence |publisher = Palgrave Macmillan |year = 2000 |page = 11 |url = |id = |isbn = 0-312-22931-3}}</ref> Karena respon nu diberikan teu memuaskan, de Gaulle mulai mengembangkan [[penangkal nuklir]] Perancis sacara independen jeung dina taun 1966, Perancis mengundurkan diri ti NATO, diikuti dengan pengusiran sakabéh pasukan NATO ti daratan Perancis.<ref>Crawley p.431</ref> === Invasi Cekoslowakia === {{Main|Musim Semi Praha|Invasi Pakta Warsawa ke Cekoslowakia}} Dina taun 1968, périodeu liberalisasi pulitik di [[Cekoslowakia]], nu dijuluki dengan [[Musim Semi Praha]], berlangsung dengan rupa-rupa aksi, di antaranya "[[Program Aksi (1968)|Program Aksi]]" liberalisasi, nu nungtut perluasan kebébasan pers, kebébasan berbicara jeung kebébasan bergerak, ogé penekanan ékonomi dina barang-barang konsumsi, kemungkinan sistem multi partéy, membatasi kakuasaan polisi rusiah,<ref>Ello (ed.), Paul (April 1968). Control Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, "Action Plan of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Prague, April 1968)" in ''Dubcek’s Blueprint for Freedom: His original documents leading to the invasion of Czechoslovakia.'' William Kimber & Co. 1968, pp 32, 54</ref><ref>{{cite web| last = Von Geldern| first = James| last2 = Siegelbaum| first2 = Lewis| publisher = Soviéthistory.org| title = The Soviét-led Intervention in Czechoslovakia| url = http://Soviéthistory.org/index.php?action=L2&SubjectID=1968czechoslovakia&Year=1968| accessdate = March 7, 2008}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> jeung kemungkinan Cekoslowakia pikeun menarik diri ti [[Pakta Warsawa]].<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 150">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=150}}</ref> Sebagai jawaban atas aksi Musim Semi Praha, tentara Soviét bersama dengan sebagéan besar sekutu Pakta Warsawa maranéhna, [[Invasi Pakta Warsawa ke Cekoslowakia|menyerbu Cekoslowakia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/21/newsid_2781000/2781867.stm|title=Russia brings winter to Prague Spring|publisher=BBC News|date=August 21, 1968|accessdate=June 10, 2008}}</ref> Invasi ieu diikuti ku gelombang emigrasi, sekitar 70.000 warga Ceko jeung Slowakia melarikan diri, jeung total ahirnya mencapai 300.000 jiwa.<ref>{{cite web | last = Čulík| first = Jan| title = Den, kdy tanky zlikvidovaly české sny Pražského jara| url = http://www.britskelisty.cz/9808/19980821h.html| publisher = Britské Listy| accessdate =January 23, 2008 }}</ref> Invasi ieu memicu protes keras ti Yugoslavia, Rumania, Cina, jeung ogé ti partéy-partéy komunis di Éropa Kulon.<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 154">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=154}}</ref> === Doktrin Brezhnev === {{Main|Doktrin Brezhnev}} [[Gambar:Leonid Brezhnev and Richard Nixon talks in 1973.png|left|thumb|[[Leonid Brezhnev]] jeung [[Richard Nixon]] salila kunjungan Brezhnev ke [[Washington]] dina Juni 1973; kunjungan ieu nyaéta permulaan ''détente'' antara Amérika Sarikat jeung Soviét.]] Dina bulan Séptémber 1968, dina pidatonya di Kongres Kelima [[Partei Persatuan Pekerja Polandia]], sebulan saenggeus [[Invasi Pakta Warsawa ke Cekoslowakia|menginvasi Cekoslowakia]], Brezhnev menyampaikan [[Doktrin Brezhnev]]; nu mengklaim yén "hak kami pikeun melanggar kedaulatan nagara manapun jika ada nu berupaya pikeun menggantikan Marxisme-Lenieusme dengan kapitalismeu". Dina pidatonya, Brezhnev nyatakeun:<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 150"/> {{cquote|Ketika kakuatan nu memusuhi sosialisme mencoba pikeun ngarobah haluan Babaraha nagara sosialis menuju kapitalismeu, itu bukan hanya jadi masalah bagi nagara nu bersangkutan, namun masalah umum jeung kepedulian ti sakabéh nagara-nagara sosialis.}} Doktrin éta dilatarbelakangi ku kegagalan Marxisme-Lenieusme dina ningkatkeun kesejahteraan di nagara-nagara seperti Polandia, [[Hongaria]] jeung Jerman Wétan, nu mengalami penurunan standar hirup nu kontras dengan kemakmuran Jerman Kulon jeung nagara Éropa Kulon lianna.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=153}}</ref> === Krisis di Dunya Katilu === {{See also|Operasi Power Pack|Pembantaian di Indonesia 1965–1966|Perang Vietnam|Kudéta Chili 1973|Operasi Burung Kondor|Perang Enam Hari|Perang Atrisi|Perang Yom Kippur|Perang Ogaden|Perang Saudara Angola|Invasi Indonésia ke Timor Wétan}} [[Gambar:Glassboro-meeting1967.jpg|thumb|right|[[Alexei Kosygin]] (kiri) di samping Presiden AS [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] (kanan) dina [[Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi Glassboro]].]] [[Gambar:Corpse of Ngô Đình Diệm in the 1963 coup.jpg|thumb|right|Mayat Presiden Vietnam Kidul [[Ngo Dinh Diem]].]] Dina ahir April 1965, présidén [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] mendaratkan 22.000 tentaranya di [[Republik Domieuka]] jeung kemudian mendudukinya salila satu taun melalui invasi nu diberi kode [[Operasi Power Pack]]. Operasi ieu dilakukan pikeun membendung ancaman menyebarnya Révolusi bergaya Kuba di Amérika Latin.<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> Pemilihan présidén diselenggarakan dina taun 1966, nu ngahasilkeun kemenangan bagi konservatif [[Joaquín Balaguer]]. Meskipun Balaguer mendapat dukungan ti sektor-sektor elit jeung kelompok petani, lawan pulitiknya ti partéy PRD, mantan présidén [[Juan Bosch]], teu aktif berkampanye.<ref name = "Itzigsohn 2000, 41-42">{{Cite book|last = Itzigsohn|first = José|title = Developing Poverty: The State, Labor Market Deregulation, and the Informal Economy in Costa Rica and the Domieucan Republic|publisher = Penn State University Press|year = 2000|location = University Park, Pennsylvania|pages = 41–42|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=b7Jo9GtxMEcC|id =|isbn = 978-0-271-02028-0}}</ref> Aktivis PRD dilumpuhkan dengan kekerasan ku polisi Domieuka jeung angkatan bersenjata.<ref name = "Itzigsohn 2000, 41-42"/> <!-- Sebagai bagéan ti minoritas Katolik Vietnam, usaha Diệm pikeun mengembangkan kawijakan pro-Katolik membangkitkan amarah orang-orang Buddhis Vietnam. Polisi nagara seringkali dituduh menyerang orang-orang Buddhis (agama mayoritas nagara itu). Para aktivis Buddhis ngalakukeun protes-protes massal jeung bahkan penyiksaan diri nu berpuncak dina Babaraha upaya kudéta, jeung nu terahir mengakibatkan kematian Diệm sendiri. Ketika rezim ieu membangkitkan salah sahiji protes nu dilakukan ku para biarawan Buddhis dina Mei 1963, AS menghentikan bantuana. Sejumlah biarawan sacara terbuka membakar diri maranéhna sebagai protes, jeung AS semakin merasa terganggu ku citra publik Diệm nu teu populer. Diệm jeung Madame Nhu mengklaim yén pihak Komunis telah menyusup ke dina kelompok-kelompok Buddhis. Tindakan maranéhna pikeun menghancurkan protes-protes ieu sesuai dengan kawijakan anti-komunis nu telah disetujui saméméhnya. Madame Nhu konon merujuk kejadian ieu sebagai "barbecue" ("memanggang daging"). Berdasarkan paréntah ti Presiden A.S. John F. Kennedy, Henry Cabot Lodge, duta besar Amérika pikeun Vietnam Kidul, nolak pikeun papanggih dengan Diệm. Saenggeus ngadéngé yén Angkatan Darat Republik Vietnam keur ngarancang kudéta nu dipimpin ku Jenderal Dương Văn Minh, AS méré jaminan-jaminan rusiah ka para jenderal itu yén AS moal bakal pipilueun. Dương Văn Minh jeung komplotana ngagulingkeun Pamaréntahan jeung menghukum mati Presiden Diệm jeung adiknya, Ngô Đình Nhu, dina 2 November 1963. Amérika Sarikat sacara terbuka mengungkapkan rasa terkejut jeung kekecewaana yén Diệm telah dibunuh. Kaberan, Presiden John F. Kennedy ogé dibunuh hanya 20 hari kemudian. Babaraha orang Vietnam percaya yén hantu Diemlah nu ngalakukeun pembalasan karena Presiden Kennedy menyetujui kudéta itu. Ketika Madame Nhu, mengunjungi Amérika Sarikat dina waktu itu, saenggeus mengetahui tentang kudéta éta, manéhna segera menyebut Amérika Sarikat sebagai pelakunya. manéhna belakangan mengatakan, "Barangsiapa jadi sekutu Amérika teu ngabutuhkeun musuh." Madame Nhu lalu meramalkan masa depan nu gelap pikeun Vietnam jeung yén, karena kemiluanana dina kudéta itu, masalah-masalah AS di Vietnam kakara dimulai. Saenggeus dibunuhnya Ngô Đình Diệm, AS dapat tetep mangaruhan Pamaréntahan Vietnam Kidul, ngabantuan pemilihan para pejabat nu ngadukung kawijakan-kawijakan AS. Di antara loba orang nu tahu tentang situasi pulitik di sekitar kematiana (1963), pembunuhan Ngô Đình Diệm dianggep sebagai momen pulitik nu nangtukeun nu, ceuk sebagéan orang, pelan-pelan ngabalukarkeun kekalahan Perang Vietnam 12 taun kemudian (1975), namun, ceuk nu lianna deui, mencegah Vietnam Kidul direbut pihak komunis 10 taun leuwih awal karena Diệm telah memutuskan pikeun menyerah ka ambisi-ambisi invasi Ho Chi Minh. Akibat ti kuatnya kehadiran Amérika saenggeus pembunuhan Diệm, terjadilah pergolakan intern di antara para pamingpin Vietnam Kidul, sementara tentara manggih diri maranéhna dipaksa pikeun memilih antara kapentingan-kapentingan komunis jeung kapentingan-kapentingan Amérika. Pembunuhan ieu ogé memperkuat upaya-upaya Vietnam Kalér pikeun melukiskan Vietnam Kidul sebagai pendukung kolonisasi. Dina tanggal 30 Séptémber - 1 Oktober 1965, di 2 Dayeuh di Indonésia, PKI (Partei Komunis Indonésia) berusaha membunuh 7 Jenderal Angkatan Darat di Jakarta jeung 2 Jenderal di Yogyakarta dengan alasan Kudéta. PKI mendakwa yén Jenderal-Jenderal Angkatan Darat nu pro-CIA berusaha ngagulingkeun Presiden Soekarno. --> Di Indonésia, anti-komunis garis keras [[Soeharto|Jenderal Soeharto]] meraih kendali Pamaréntahan ti pendahulunya, [[Soekarno]], jeung kemudian mulai ngawangun "[[Orde Baru]]". Ti taun 1965 sampai 1966, militer Indonésia [[Pembantaian di Indonésia 1965–1966|ngalakukeun pembunuhan massal]] ka sekitar setengah juta anggota jeung simpatisan [[Partei Komunis Indonésia]] sarta organisasi-organisasi sayap kiri lianna.<ref name="Farid 2007">Farid, Hilmar (2007). "Mass Killings and Capitalist Expansion, 1965–1966". In Kuan-Hsing Chen & Chua Beng Huat (Ed.), ''[The Inter-Asia Cultural Studies Reader]''. London: Routledge. pp. 207–222. ISBN 0-415-43134-4.</ref> Ningkatna konflik nu keur berlangsung antara pamingpin [[Vietnam Kidul]] [[Ngô Đình Diệm]] dengan komunis [[Viet Cong|Front Nasional pikeun Pembébasan Vietnam Kidul]] (NLF) membuat Johnson ngirimkan 575.000 tentara Amérika ke Asia Tenggara pikeun melumpuhkan NLF jeung sekutu Vietnam Kalér maranéhna dina [[Perang Vietnam]], namun kawijakan ieu ngakan loba biaya jeung ngalemahkeun perékonomian AS, jeung dina taun 1975, krisis ieu memuncak dengan kegagalan Amérika Sarikat. Dunya mandang kajadian ieu sebagai kekalahan bagi salah sahiji nagara adidaya nu paling kuat di tangan salah sahiji nagara termiskin dunya.<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> Vietnam Kalér menerima persetujuan Soviét pikeun memulai perang dina taun 1959. Uni Soviét ngirimkan 15.000 penasihat militer jeung bantuan dana sebesar $ 450 juta ka Vietnam Kalér salila perang, sadengkeun Cina ngirimkan 320.000 tentara jeung bantuan dana senilai $180 juta.<ref>Qiang Zhai, ''China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950-1975'' (University of North Carolina Press, 2000), p135; Gen. Oleg Sarin and Col. Lev Dvoretsky, ''Alien Wars: The Soviét Union’s Aggressions Against the World, 1919 to 1989'' (Presidio Press, 1996), pp93-4.</ref> Di [[Chili]], kandidat [[Partei Sosialis Chili|Partei Sosialis]] [[Salvador Allende]] meunangkeun pemilihan présidén taun 1970, jadi [[Marxis]] kapilih demokratis pertama nu jadi présidén di nagara-nagara Amérika.<ref name="BBC Allende Profile 2003">{{cite news|title = Profile of Salvador Allende|date = Séptémber 8, 2003|publisher=BBC|agency = [[BBC]]|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3089846.stm|accessdate =January 25, 2011 }}</ref> Jenderal [[Augusto Pinochet]] ngalakukeun [[Kudéta Chili 1973|kudéta ka Pamaréntahan]] dina tanggal 11 Séptémber 1973 jeung dengan cepat mengambilalih sakabéh kakuasaan pulitik jadi kediktatoran militer, tindakana ieu direstui ku AS. Reformasi Allende ékonomi diurungkan jeung lawan sayap kiri tewas atawa ditahan di kamp-kamp interniran di handap arahan ti [[Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional]] (DINA). [[Gambar:Henry Kissinger.png|thumb|left|[[Henry Kissinger]], [[Penasihat Kaamanan Nasional (Amérika Sarikat)|Penasihat Kaamanan Nasional]] jeung [[Sekretaris Nagara Amérika Sarikat]] dina masa Pamaréntahan Presiden Nixon jeung Ford, mangrupa salah sahiji tokoh kunci dina Perang Tiis (1969-1977).]] Sementara itu, [[Operasi Burung Kondor]] di Amérika Kidul{{mdash}}nu dipaké ku para diktator di [[Argentina]], [[Brasil]], [[Bolivia]], Chili, [[Uruguay]], jeung [[Paraguay]] pikeun menekan perbédaan pendapat dengan sayap kiri{{mdash}}ogé mendapat dukungan ti Amérika Sarikat, jeung (kadang-kadang akurat) diperkirakan ogé terdapat Kuba atawa Soviét di belakang gerakan oposisi éta.<ref>McSherry, p. /ref> Sebagai respon, Soviét mempersiapkan pemasangan rudal nuklirnya di Kuba.13</ref> Amérika Sarikat ogé teu senang saat [[Jamaika]] mulai menjalin hubungan nu leuwih érat dengan Pamaréntah Kuba saenggeus pemilihan [[Michael Manley]] dina taun 1972.<ref name="Mars & Young 2004, xvi">Mars, Perry & Alma H. Young (2004). [http://books.google.com/books?id=F4lJBFU-k1wC ''Caribbean Labor and Politics: Legacies of Cheddi Jagan and Michael Manley'']. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. xvi. ISBN 978-0-8143-3211-5.</ref> Amérika Sarikat méré spona dengan mendanai lawan-lawan pulitik Manley, mendorong pemberontakan dina tubuh [[tentara Jamaika]], jeung menyewa tentara bayaran pikeun ngalawan Pamaréntahan Manley.<ref name="Mars & Young 2004, xviii"/> Kekerasan pun terjadi. Situasi di [[Wétan Tengah]] terus jadi sumber persengketaan. [[Mesir]], nu menerima loba bantuan senjata jeung bantuan ékonomi ti Uni Soviét, nyaéta klien Soviét nu méré potkan. Dengan terpaksa, Uni Soviét berkewajiban pikeun ngabantuan Mesir dina [[Perang Enam Hari]] (dengan ngirimkan penasihat militer jeung teknisi) jeung [[Perang Atrisi]] (dengan ngirimkan pilot jeung pesawat) pikeun ngalawan [[Israel]] nu pro-Kulon.<ref>Stone, p. 230</ref> Di samping pembelotan Mesir, ti nu saméméhnya pro-Soviét jadi pro-Amérika dina taun 1972 (di handap kepamingpinan [[Anwar El Sadat]]),<ref name="Grenville & Wasserstein 1987, 701">Grenville, J.A.S. & Bernard Wasserstein (1987). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=RYyyAAAAIAAJ Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts]'', Volume 2. London and New York: Methuen. ISBN 978-0-416-38080-4.</ref> rumor ngeunaan intervensi Soviét dina [[Perang Yom Kippur]] dina taun 1973 ngabalukarkeun terjadinya pengiriman tentara Amérika besar-besaran jeung mengancambakal menghancurkan ''détente''.<ref>Kumaraswamy, p. 127</ref> Meskipun dina éra pra-Sadat Mesir mangrupa penerima bantuan terbesar Soviét di Wétan Tengah, Soviét ogé sukses menjalin hubungan érat dengan komunis di [[Yaman Kidul]], sarta Pamaréntahan nasionalis [[Aljazair]] jeung [[Irak]].<ref name = "Grenville & Wasserstein 1987, 701"/> Soviét sacara langsung memihak jeung ngabantuan [[Palestina]] dina menghadapi [[Konflik Israel-Palestina|konflik dengan Israel]], kaasup dukungan pikeun [[Yasser Arafat]] jeung [[Organisasi Pembébasan Palestina]].<ref>Friedman, p. 330</ref> Ti taun 1973-1975, CIA berkolusi dengan Pamaréntah [[Iran]] pikeun membiayai jeung mempersenjatai pemberontak [[Kurdi]] dina [[Perang Irak–Kurdi Kadua]] dengan tujuan pikeun melumpuhkan pamingpin Irak [[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]]. Saat Iran jeung Irak nandatanganan [[Perjanjian Aljazair (1975)|Perjanjian Aljazair]] dina taun 1975, dukungan pikeun Iran pun ogé turut berhenti.<ref name="The Ugly Truth About Gerald Ford">Hitchens, Christopher, [http://www.slate.com/id/2156400 "The Ugly Truth About Gerald Ford"], ''Slate,'' December 29, 2006.</ref> [[Gambar:Marine da nang.jpg|thumbnail|170px|Seorang tentara Amérika dina [[Perang Vietnam]], 3 Agustus 1965.]] Di Afrika, militer [[Somalia]] nu dipimpin ku [[Mohamed Siad Barre]] ngalakukeun kudéta tak berdarah dina taun 1969 jeung ngawangun [[Republik Demokratik Somalia]] nu berpaham sosialis. Uni Soviét jangji pikeun ngadukung Somalia. Opat taun kemudian, Kaisar Ethiopia [[Haile Selassie]] nu pro-Amérika digulingkan dina kudéta taun 1974 ku kelompok [[Derg]], salah sahiji kelompok militer radikal pro-Soviét nu dipimpin ku [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]. Mariem menjalin hubungan dengan Kuba jeung Soviét.<ref name = "Erlich 2008, 84-86">{{Cite book|last = Erlich|first = Reese|title = Dateline Havana: The Real Story of U.S. Policy and the Future of Cuba|publisher = PoliPoint Press|year = 2008|location = Sausalito, California|pages = 84–86|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=7q3ibcq_vxQC|id =|isbn = 978-0-9815769-7-8}}</ref> Saat [[Perang Ogaden|peperangan antara Somalia jeung Ethiopia pecah dina taun 1977-1978]], Barre keleungitan dukungan Soviét jeung kemudian bersekutu dengan Amérika Sarikat. Tentara Kuba ogé berperan dina perang ieu dengan memihak Ethiopia.<ref name = "Erlich 2008, 84-86"/> [[Révolusi Anyelir]] di [[Portugis]] dina taun 1974 nu ngalawan kéotoriteran ''[[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]]'' membuat Portugis kembali ke sistem multi-partéy jeung sekaligus memfasilitasi kemerdekaan koloni Portugis di [[Angola]] jeung [[Timor Wétan]]. Di Afrika, pemberontak Angola mengobarkan [[Perang Kemerdekaan Angola|perang kemerdekaan multi-faksi ngalawan kakuasaan Portugis]] sejak taun 1961, saenggeus perang ieu usai, [[Perang Saudara Angola|perang dua dasawarsa]] menggantikan perang anti-kolonial, nu ditandai dengan peperangan antara komunis [[Gerakan Rakyat Pembébasan Angola]] (MPLA), nu didukung ku Kuba jeung Soviét, dengan [[Front Pembébasan Nasional Angola]] (FNLA), nu didukung ku Amérika Sarikat, Républik Rakyat Tiongkok, jeung Pamaréntahan Mobutu di [[Zaire]]. AS, [[Apartheid di Afrika Kidul|Pamaréntahan apartheid Afrika Kidul]], jeung Babaraha nagara Afrika lianna ogé ngadukung faksi Katilu, [[Uni Nasional pikeun Kemerdekaan Penuh Angola]] (UNITA). Tanpa berkonsultasi dengan Soviét, Kuba ngirimkan tentaranya pikeun berjuang bersama MPLA.<ref name = "Erlich 2008, 84-86"/> Pamaréntah apartheid Afrika Kidul ogé ngirimkan tentara pikeun ngabantuan UNITA, namun MPLA aya di atas tangan karena didukung ku Kuba jeung Soviét.<ref name = "Erlich 2008, 84-86"/> Di Asia Tenggara, koloni [[Timor Wétan]] sacara sepihak memproklilasikan kemerdekaana ti Portugis di handap sayap kiri [[Fretilin]] dina bulan November 1975. Dengan dukungan ti Australia jeung Amérika Sarikat, [[Soeharto]] [[Invasi Indonésia ke Timor Wétan|menginvasi Timor Wétan]] dina bulan Désémber{{mdash}}nu memulai [[Jajahan Indonésia di Timor Wétan|Jajahan Indonésia di Timor Wétan salila sepÉropat abad]].<ref>{{Cite book|last = Doyle|first = Randall Jordan|title = America and China: Asia-Pacific Rim Hegemony in the Twenty-First Century|publisher = Lexington Books|year = 2007|location = Lanham|page = 119|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Z_W7u44IjK8C|id =|isbn = 978-0-7391-1702-6}}</ref> Salila [[Perang Vietnam]], Vietnam Kalér menginvasi jeung menduduki sebagéan Kamboja pikeun dipaké sebagai pangkalan militer, nu ogé berperan dina memicu pecahnya [[Perang Saudara Kamboja]] antara Pamaréntah pro-Amérika [[Lon Nol]] jeung pemberontak [[Maoist]] [[Khmer Beureum]]. Dokumen nu ditemukan ti arsip Soviét mengungkapkan yén invasi Vietnam Kalér ke Kamboja dina taun 1970 dilaksanakan atas permintaan ti Khmer Beureum saenggeus bernegosiasi dengan [[Nuon Chea]].<ref>Dmitry Mosyakov, "The Khmer Rouge and the Vietnamese Communists: A History of Their Relations as Told in the Soviét Archives," in Susan E. Cook, ed., ''Genocide in Cambodia and Rwanda'' (Yale Genocide Studies Program Monograph Series No. 1, 2004), p54ff. Can be accessed at: www.yale.edu/gsp/publications/Mosyakov.doc "In April–May 1970, many North Vietnamese forces entered Cambodia in response to the call for help addressed to Vietnam not by Pol Pot, but by his deputy Nuon Chea. Nguyen Co Thach recalls: “Nuon Chea has asked for help and we have liberated five provinces of Cambodia in ten days.”"</ref> AS jeung Vietnam Kidul nanggepannya dengan melancarkan [[Operasi Menu|kampanye pengeboman]] jeung [[Kampanye Kamboja|serangan darat]], efek ti operasi ieu masih diperdebatkan ku para sejarawan.<ref>Chandler, David 2000, ''Brother Number One: A Political Biography of Pol Pot'', Revised Edition, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, pp. 96-7.</ref> Di handap kepamingpinan [[Pol Pot]], Khmer Beureum membantai 1-3 juta, ti 8,4 juta total penduduk Kamboja, di [[ladang pembantaian]].<ref name="Heuveline, Patrick 2001">Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia." In Forced Migration and Mortality, eds. Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Heuveline suggests that a range of 1.17-3.42 million people were killed.</ref><ref name="Marek Sliwinski 1995">Marek Sliwinski, Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique (L'Harmattan, 1995).</ref><ref name="Banister, Judith 1993">Banister, Judith, and Paige Johnson (1993). "After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia." In Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community, ed. Ben Kiernan. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.</ref> Sosiolog [[Martin Shaw (sosiolog)|Martin Shaw]] ngagambarkeun kekejaman ieu sebagai "[[genosida]] paling murni ti éra Perang Tiis".<ref>''Theory of the Global State: Globality as Unfieushed Revolution'' by [[Martin Shaw (sosiolog)|Martin Shaw]], [[Cambridge University Press]], 2000, pp 141, ISBN 978-0-521-59730-2</ref> Vietnam ngagulingkeun Pol Pot dina taun 1979 jeung nyieun Pamaréntah boneka di handap pimpinan [[Heng Samrin]]. === Perbaikan hubungan Cina-Amérika === {{Main|Kunjungan Nixon ke Tiongkok taun 1972}} Sebagai akibat ti [[perpecahan Sino-Soviét]], kategangan nu berlangsung di sepanjang tapel wates Cina-Soviét [[Konflik perbatasan Sino–Soviét|mencapai puncaknya]] dina taun 1969, jeung présidén Amérika Sarikat [[Richard Nixon]] memutuskan pikeun memanfaatkan konflik éta sebagai alat pikeun menggeser keseimbangan kakuasaan ke arah Kulon dina Perang Tiis.<ref>Dallek, Robert (2007), p. 144.</ref> Cina ogé berusaha ningkatkeun hubungan dengan Amérika Sarikat dina upayanya pikeun mengambil keuntungan ti Soviét. Dina bulan Februari 1972, Nixon mengumumkan pemulihan hubungan dengan Cina.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=149–152}}</ref> manéhna ngalakukeun kunjungan ke [[Beijing]] jeung papanggih dengan [[Mao Zedong]] jeung [[Zhou Enlai]]. Dina saat itu, sumber daya nuklir Uni Soviét telah setara dengan Amérika Sarikat, [[Perang Vietnam]] ogé telah ngalemahkeun pangaruh Amérika di [[Dunya Katilu]] jeung menTiiskan hubungana dengan Éropa Kulon.<ref>Buchanan, pp. 168–169</ref> Meskipun konflik tak langsung antara dua adidaya dina Perang Tiis terus berlanjut sampai ahir 1960-an jeung awal 1970-an, kategangan perlahan-lahan mulai méré da.<ref name = "Palmowski" /> === Nixon, Brezhnev, détente, jeung Panembakan Pesawat Korean Air Lines Penerbangan 902 === {{Main|Perundingan Pembatasan Senjata Strategis|Perjanjian Helsinki|Organisasi pikeun Kaamanan jeung Kerjasama di Éropa}} [[Gambar:Carter Brezhnev sign SALT II.jpg|thumb|right|[[Leonid Brezhnev]] jeung [[Jimmy Carter]] nandatanganan traktat SALT II, 18 Juni 1979 di [[Wina]]]] Saenggeus kunjungana ke Tiongkok, Nixon papanggih dengan para pamingpin Soviét, kaasup Brezhnev di Moskow.<ref name="bbc-nb">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/22/newsid_4373000/4373149.stm|title=President Nixon arrives in Moscow|publisher=BBC News|date=May 22, 1972|accessdate=June 10, 2008}}</ref> [[Perundingan Pembatasan Senjata Strategis]] (SALT) antara kadua pihak ngahasilkeun dua kamupakatan ngeunaan pengawasan penggunaan senjata, nyaéta [[SALT I]], pakta pembatasan senjata komprehensif pertama nu ditandatangani ku kadua nagara adidaya,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thepresident/index.php|title=The President|accessdate=March 27, 2009|publisher=Richard Nixon Presidential Library}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012100741/https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/thelife/apolitician/thepresident/index.php |date=October 12, 2017 }}</ref> jeung [[Traktat Peluru Kendali Anti-Balistik]], nu mengatur ngeunaan pembatasan sistem peluru kendali anti-balistik nu dipaké pikeun mempertahankan wilayah ka senjata nuklir nu dibawa misil. Ieu bertujuan pikeun membatasi pengembangan peluru kendali anti-balistik jeung rudal nuklir berbiaya mahal.<ref name = "Karabell" /> Nixon jeung Brezhnev mengumumkan éra anyar "hirup berdampingan sacara damai" jeung ngawangun pamarekanhubungan anyar nu disebut ''[[détente]]'' (peredaan kategangan) antara dua nagara adidaya. Sementara itu, Brezhnev berusaha pikeun memperbaiki kembali perékonomian Soviét nu mengalami penurunan akibat besarnya pengeluaran militer.<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> Antara taun 1972 jeung 1974, kadua pihak ogé paheut pikeun memperkuat hubungan ékonomi maranéhna,<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> di antaranya dengan ngalakukeun perjanjian dina rangka paningkatan aktivitas perdagangan. Sebagai hasil ti perundingan maranéhna, ''détente'' menggantikan éra permusuhan ti Perang Tiis jeung kadua nagara bisa hirup sacara berdampingan.<ref name="bbc-nb"/> Sementara itu, perkembangan hubungan AS jeung Soviét ogé bertepatan dengan "[[Ostpulitik]]" Kanselir Jerman Kulon [[Willy Brandt]].<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 154"/> Perjanjian lianna nu disahkan pikeun menstabilkan situasi di Éropa nyaéta [[Perjanjian Helsinki]], nu ditandatangani dina [[Organisasi pikeun Kaamanan jeung Kerjasama di Éropa|Konferensi Kaamanan jeung Kerjasama di Éropa]] dina taun 1975.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=188}}</ref> <!-- '''[[Korean Air Lines Penerbangan 902]]''' mangrupa [[pesawat]] [[Boeing 707]] nu menerbangi jalur [[Paris]]-[[Anchorage]]-[[Seoul]]. Dina [[20 April]] [[1978]], Namun tragisnya, Radar [[Uni Soviét]] pun mengira yén [[Pesawat]] [[Korean Air Lines Penerbangan 902]] nyaéta [[Pesawat]] Mata-Mata [[Amérika Sarikat]]. Kemudian [[Uni Soviét]] ngirim [[Pesawat Tempur]] [[Sukhoi Su-15]] pikeun menembakin jeung nyegat [[Pesawat]] éta. Saenggeus [[Pesawat]] [[Korean Air Lines Penerbangan 902]] ditembak ku Sukhoi Su-15 nu Uni Soviét, Kecelakaan ieu mupuskeun 2 urang panumpang jeung 107 panumpang salamet di talaga beku.--> === Memburuknya hubungan dina ahir 1970-an === Dina taun 1970-an, KGB, nu dikepalai ku [[Yuri Andropov]], terus menekan kritikus-kritikus terkenal nu mengkritik kepamingpinan Soviét seperti [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] jeung [[Andrei Sakharov]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=186}}</ref> Salila périodeu ''détente'' ieu, konflik tak langsung antara kadua nagara adidaya masih terus terjadi di Dunya Katilu, khususnya dina krisis pulitik di Wétan Tengah, Chili, Ethiopia, jeung Angola.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=178}}</ref> présidén [[Jimmy Carter]] berusaha pikeun menetapkan pembatasan perlombaan persenjataan leuwih lanjut dengan mengesahkan [[Perundingan Pembatasan Senjata Strategis|SALT II]] dina taun 1979,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/18/newsid_4508000/4508409.stm|title=Leaders agree arms reduction treaty|publisher=BBC News|date=June 18, 2008|accessdate=June 10, 2008}}</ref> namun upayanya ieu dirusak ku kajadian lianna dina taun itu, nyaéta [[Révolusi Iran]] nu didukung ku [[KGB]],<ref>Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, ''The KGB and the World: The Mitrokhin Archive II'' (Penguin, 2006), pp41, 120-1.</ref> [[Révolusi Nikaragua]] pikeun ngagulingkeun rezim pro-AS, jeung nu paling membuat AS berang; intervensi Soviét dina [[Perang Afganistan]] dina bulan Désémber.<ref name = "LaFeber 1991" /> == "Perang Tiis Kadua" (1979-1985) == {{Main| Perang Tiis (1979–1985)}} Istilah "Perang Tiis Kadua" merujuk dina périodeu paningkatan kembali kategangan Perang Tiis jeung konflik antara kadua pihak dina ahir 1970-an jeung awal 1980-an. Kategangan sangat meningkat antara Amérika Sarikat jeung Uni Soviét jeung masing-masingnya jadi leuwih ter-militeristik.<ref name = "Halliday" /> Diggins mengungkapkan: "Reagan mengerahkan segalanya pikeun berjuang dina 'Perang Tiis Kadua' dengan ngadukung kontra-pemberontakan di Dunya Katilu."<ref>{{cite book|author=John P. Diggins|title=Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, And the Making of History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N-bQtjYcy0AC&pg=PA267|year=2007|publisher=W. W. Norton|page=267}}</ref> Sementara Cox nyatakeun: "Intensitas 'Perang Tiis Kadua' sehebat durasinya nu singkat."<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Cox|title=Beyond the Cold War: Superpowers at the Crossroads|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cUsOYWpQZbAC&pg=PR18|year=1990|publisher=University Press of America|page=18}}</ref> === Perang Soviét-Afganistan === {{Main|Perang Saudara Afganistan|Perang Soviét-Afganistan}} [[Gambar:Reagan sitting with people from the Afghanistan-Pakistan region in February 1983.jpg|thumb|Presiden Reagan nunjukkeun dukungana dina pertemuan dengan para pamingpin [[Mujahidin|Mujahidin Afganistan]] di [[Gedung Bodas]], 1983.]] [[Gambar:Evstafiev-spetsnaz-prepare-for-mission.jpg|thumb|left|Tentara Soviét di [[Afganistan]].]] Dina bulan April 1978, [[Partei Démokrasi Rakyat Afganistan]] (PDPA) nu berhaluan komunis méré but kakuasaan atas [[Afganistan]] melalui [[Révolusi Saur]]. Dina hitungan bulan, penentang Pamaréntahan komunis melancarkan pemberontakan di Afganistan Wétan, nu dengan cepat berkembang jadi [[Perang Saudara Afganistan|perang saudara]] antara gerilyawan [[mujahidin]] ngalawan tentara Pamaréntah. Pamaréntah [[Pakistan]] memfasilitasi para pemberontak dengan pusat-pusat pelatihan rusiah, sadengkeun Uni Soviét ngirim rébuan penasihat militer pikeun ngadukung Pamaréntahan PDPA.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hussain|2005|pp=108-109}}</ref> Sementara itu, ningkatna gesekan antara faksi-faksi nu bersaing di PDPA{{ndash}}faksi [[Khalq]] nu dominan jeung [[Parcham]] nu leuwih moderat {{ndash}} ngabalukarkeun pemberhentian anggota kabinét jeung penangkapan perwira militer Parchami dengan dalih kudéta ka Parchami. Dina pertengahan 1979, Amérika Sarikat memulai salah sahiji program rusiah pikeun ngabantuan mujahidin.<ref>{{Harvnb|Meher|2004|pp=68-69, 94}}</ref> Bulan Séptémber 1979, présidén Khalqist [[Nur Muhammad Taraki]] dibunuh dina salah sahiji kudéta PDPA nu diatur ku rekana sesama anggota Khalq bernama [[Hafizullah Amin]], nu kemudian jadi présidén. Amin dibunuh ku pasukan khusus Soviét dina bulan Désémber 1979. Saenggeus kematiana, salah sahiji Pamaréntahan nu diorganisir ku Soviét, di handap pimpinan [[Babrak Karmal]], mengisi kekosongan kakuasaan. Pasukan Soviét dikerahkan pikeun menstabilkan Afganistan di handap Pamaréntahan Karmal, nu telah jadi boneka Soviét. Akibatnya, Soviét miluan langsung dina apa nu kemudian jadi perang domestik di Afganistan.<ref>{{Harvnb|Kalinovsky|2011|pp=25-28}}</ref> Carter nanggepan intervensi Soviét di Afganistan dengan cara menarik kembali perjanjian SALT II ti [[Senat Amérika Sarikat|Senat]], ngalakukeun embargo dina pengiriman gandum jeung barang-barang téhnologi dina Uni Soviét, sarta ningkatkeun pengeluaran militer. Amérika Sarikat ogé ngalakukeun pemboikotan ka [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1980|Olimpiade Moskow 1980]]. Carter nyatakeun yén tindakan Soviét mangrupa "ancaman nu paling serius ka perdamaian salila Perang Tiis Kadua".<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=211}}</ref> === Reagan jeung Thatcher === {{Main| Doktrin Reagan}} [[Gambar:Reagan-Thatcher cabinet talks.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Thatcher nyaéta satu-satunya wanita di ruangan ieu, jeung selusin pria dina setelan duduk di sekitar méja oval. Regan jeung Thatcher duduk berlawanan satu sama lain di tengah-tengah meja panjang. Ruangan ieu dihiasi dengan cat warna Bodas, dengan tirai, salah sahiji lampu emas jeung potret Lincoln.|Kabinét [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] papanggih dengan Kabinét [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] di Gedung Bodas, 1981.]] Dina bulan Januari 1977, opat taun saméméh jadi présidén, [[Ronald Reagan]] mengungkapkan dina percakapana dengan [[Richard V. Allen]], ngeunaan harapan dasarnya terkait dengan Perang Tiis: "Ide saya ngeunaan kawijakan Amérika ka Uni Soviét sederhana, jeung Babaraha orangbakal menyebutnya sangat sederhana, nyaéta: Kita menang jeung maranéhna kalah. Bagaimana ceuk Anda?".<ref>{{cite web |last=Allen |first=Richard V. |url=http://www.hoover.org/publications/hoover-digest/article/7398 |title=The Man Who Won the Cold War |publisher=Hoover.org |accessdate=November 3, 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501052925/http://www.hoover.org/publications/hoover-digest/article/7398 |date=May 1, 2011 }}</ref> Taun 1980, Ronald réagan ngéléhkeun [[Jimmy Carter]] dina [[Pemilihan umum Presiden Amérika Sarikat 1980|pemilu presiden 1980]]. Saenggeus kemenangana, manéhna bersumpahbakal ningkatkeun anggaran militer jeung menghadapi Soviét di manapun.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=189}}</ref> Baik réagan maupun [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]] nu baru, [[Margaret Thatcher]], sama-sama mengecam Uni Soviét jeung idéologinya. réagan menyebut Uni Soviét sebagai salah sahiji "kekaisaran jahat" jeung meramalkan yén [[komunisme]]bakal hancur jadi "tumpukan abu sejarah".<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 197">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=197}}</ref> Meskipun sentimen anti-Amérika di Iran saenggeus [[Révolusi Iran]] meningkat, Pamaréntahan réagan tetap mengulurkan tangan ka Pamaréntah anti-komunis [[Ayatollah Khomeieu]] dina upayanya pikeun méré krut téokrasi bagi Amérika dina taun 1980-an. Direktur CIA [[William J. Casey|William Casey]] ngagambarkeun Pamaréntahan Khomeieu sebagai Pamaréntahan nu "goyah jeung [mungkin] dina pergerakan ke arah kebeneran... AS hampir teu ngabogaan kartu pikeun dimainkan; sementara Uni Soviét ngabogaan loba kartu."<ref name="Fawaz 1999, 72">Gerges, Fawaz A. (1999). [http://books.google.com/books?id=w-l6M4pOnUkC America and Political Islam: Clash of Cultures or Clash of Interests?]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-521-63957-6.''</ref> Salah sahijimétodeunu dilakukan Amérika pikeun ngadukung Iran nyaéta dengan penjualan senjata sacara rusiah. Dina taun 1983, CIA merilis daftar panjang komunis Iran jeung aktivis sayap kiri lianna nu dicurigai bekerja dina Pamaréntahan Khomeieu.<ref name="Beieun & Stork 1997, 11-12">Beieun, Joel & Joe Stork (1997). "On the Modernity, Historical Specificity, and International Context of Political Islam". In Joel Beieun & Joe Stork (Eds.), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6H7tYLVwVFkC Political Islam: Essays from the Middle East Report]''. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-520-20448-5.</ref> Salah sahiji komisi khusus kemudian melaporkan yén daftar itu disusun pikeun mengambil "langkah-langkah, kaasup eksekusi massal, pikeun mengeliminasi sakabéh infrastruktur pro-Soviét di Iran."<ref name = "Beieun & Stork 1997, 11-12"/> Dina awal 1985, prinsip anti-komunis réagan telah berkembang jadi sikap nu dikenal sebagai [[Doktrin Reagan]]{{mdash}}nu mana, selain penahanan, ogé dirumuskan hak tambahan pikeun menumbangkan Pamaréntahan komunis nu ada.<ref name="Graebner, Burns & Siracusa 2008, 76">Graebner Norman A., Richard Dean Burns & Joseph M. Siracusa (2008). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=r71u_AgE7iYC Reagan, Bush, Gorbachev: Revisiting the End of the Cold War].'' Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-313-35241-6.</ref> Selain melanjutkan kawijakan Carter nu ngadukung penentang Islam dina ngalawan Soviét jeung PDPA di Afganistan, CIA ogé berusaha ngalemahkeun Uni Soviét dengan cara mempromosikan [[pulitik Islam]] di mayoritas Islam [[Asia Tengah Soviét|Soviét Asia Tengah]].<ref name="Singh 1995, 130">Singh, Bilveer (1995). "Jemaah Islamiyah". In Wilson John & Swati Parashar (Eds.) ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=cAE-bxSXayMC Terrorism in Southeast Asia: Implications for South Asia]''. Singapore and Delhi: ORF-Pearson-Longman. p. 130. ISBN 978-81-297-0998-1.</ref> Di samping itu, CIA mendorong anti-komunis ISI di Pakistan agar bersedia melatih Muslim ti sakabéh dunya pikeun berpartisipasi dina [[jihad]] ngalawan Uni Soviét.<ref name = "Singh 1995, 130"/> A === Gerakan solititas jeung darurat militer di Polandia === {{main|Solidarność|Darurat militer di Polandia}} Kunjungan [[Paus Yohanes Paulus II]] ke nagara kelahirana, [[Polandia]], dina taun 1979 telah mendorong kebangkitan spiritual jeung nasionalis nu memicu lahirnya [[Solidarność|gerakan solititas jeung semangat anti-komunisme]]. Hal ieu diperkirakan mangrupa penyebab dilakukana [[Percobaan pembunuhan ka Paus Yohanes Paulus II|upaya pembunuhan]] ka Paus Yohanes Paulus II dua taun kemudian.<ref>Henze‏, p. 171</ref> Dina bulan Désémber 1981, [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] beréaksi ka krisis di Polandia dengan memberlakukan masa [[darurat militer]]. Pikeun nanggepannya, réagan memberlakukan sanksi ékonomi ka Polandia.<ref name="Gaddis219" /> [[Mikhail Suslov]], idéolog top di Kremlin, menyarankan agar pamingpin Soviét teu campur tangan jika Polandia jatuh di handap kendali gerakan Solititas, karena takut hal itubakal menimbulkan sanksi ékonomi nu leuwih berat deui, nu hartinabakal jadi malapetaka bagi perékonomian Soviét.<ref name="Gaddis219">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=219–222}}</ref> === Isu ékonomi jeung militer Soviét jeung AS === {{See|Era stagnasi|Strategi Ieusiatif Pertahanan|RSD-10 Pioneer|MGM-31 Pershing|Kematian Leonid Brezhnev|Yuri Andropov|Konstantin Chernenko}} [[Gambar:US and USSR nuclear stockpiles.svg|thumb|right|Perbandingan stok senjata nuklir AS jeung Soviét/Rusia, 1945–2006]] [[Gambar:SDIO Delta Star.jpg|thumb|upright|Delta 183 diluncurkan, membawa sensor eksperimen [[Strategi Ieusiatif Pertahanan]] "Delta Star".]] Moskow telah ngawangun sumber daya militer nu menghabiskan 25 persen ti produk nasional bruto Uni Soviét, dengan mengorbankan barang-barang konsumsi jeung investasi di sektor sipil.<ref name="LaFeber 2002, p. 332">{{Harvnb|LaFeber|2002|p=332}}</ref> Pengeluaran Soviét pikeun [[perlombaan senjata]] jeung kompétisi Perang Tiis lianna beuki diperparah ku masalah struktural dina sistem perékonomian Soviét,<ref>{{cite book|last1 = Towle|first1 = Philip|title = The Oxford History of Modern War|page = 159}}</ref> nu mengalami [[Era Stagnasi|stagnasi ékonomi salila satu dekade]] dina taun-taun terahir Pamaréntahan Brezhnev. [[Gambar:Olympic boycotts 1976 1980 1984.PNG|thumb|left|300px|Pemboikotan [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1980|Olimpiade Moskow 1980]] (biru) jeung [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1984|Olimpiade Los Angeles 1984]] (Beureum).]] Investasi Soviét dina sektor pertahanan teu didorong ku kapentingan militer, namun sebagéan besar pikeun ngadukung kapentingan partéy-partéy besar jeung birokrasi nagara, nu bergantung dina sektor militer pikeun ngadukung kakuasaan jeung hak istimewa maranéhna.<ref>{{Harvnb|LaFeber|2002|p=335}}</ref> [[Militer Uni Soviét]] mangrupa militer terbesar di dunya dina hal jumlah jeung jenis senjata, jumlah tentara, jeung jumlah pangkalan militer nu maranéhna miliki.<ref name = "Odom">{{Harvnb|Odom|2000|p=1}}</ref> Namun, keuntungan kuantitatif nu dipegang ku militer Soviét seringkali dirusiahkan kéayaana, sehingga Blok Wétan sacara dramatis tertinggal ku Kulon.<ref>{{Harvnb|LaFeber|2002|p=340}}</ref> [[Gambar:USSR stamp S.Smith 1985 5k.jpg|thumb|upright|Saenggeus seorang anak Amérika berusia sepuluh taun bernama [[Samantha Smith]] ngirimkan surat ka [[Yuri Andropov]], nu mengungkapkan kasieunana atas perang nuklir, Andropov mengundang Smith ke Uni Soviét.]] Dina awal 1980-an, Uni Soviét telah ngawangun persenjataan jeung pasukan militer nu meleuwihi Amérika Sarikat. Segera saenggeus Soviét menginvasi Afganistan, présidén Carter memulai pemwangunan besar-besaran militer Amérika Sarikat. Upaya ieu beuki diintensifkan ku Pamaréntahan réagan, nu ningkatkeun pengeluaran [[militer]] ti 5,3 persen/total GNP dina taun 1981 jadi 6,5 persen dina taun 1986,<ref>{{Cite book |last = Carliner‏ |first = Geoffrey |coauthors = Alberto Alesina‏ |title = Politics and economics in the eighties: edited by Alberto Alesina and Geoffrey Carliner |publisher = University of Chicago Press |year = 1991 |page = [https://archive.org/details/politicseconomic0000unse_i4h7/page/6 6] |url =https://archive.org/details/politicseconomic0000unse_i4h7 |id = |isbn = 0-226-01281-6}}</ref> jumlah anggaran militer terbesar sepanjang sejarah Amérika Sarikat.<ref>{{cite news|work=The Boston Globe|publisher=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=June 21, 2008|date=March 29, 2006|title=Caspar W. Weinberger, 88; Architect of Massive Pentagon Buildup|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-7946374.html|author=Feeney, Mark}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817163633/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-7946374.html |date=August 17, 2009 }}</ref> Kategangan terus meningkat dina awal 1980-an ketika réagan mengaktifkan kembali program [[B-1 Lancer]] nu saméméhnya dibatalkan ku Pamaréntahan Carter, memproduksi [[LGM-118 Peacekeeper]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/icbm/lgm-118.htm|title=LGM-118A Peacekeeper|accessdate=April 10, 2007|date=August 15, 2000|publisher=Federation of American Scientists}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516205937/https://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/icbm/lgm-118.htm |date=May 16, 2020 }}</ref> menginstal rudal jelajah AS di Éropa, jeung mengumumkan program eksperimental [[Strategi Ieusiatif Pertahanan]], nu dijuluki "Star Wars" ku media, nyaéta program pertahanan pikeun menembak jatuh rudal musuh di tengah-tengah penerbangana.<ref name="ShieldSpace?">Lakoff, p. 263</ref> Dilatarbelakangi ku ningkatna kategangan antara Soviét jeung Amérika Sarikat, sarta dipasangnya [[rudal balistik]] [[RSD-10 Pioneer]] milik Soviét nu mengarah ke [[Éropa Kulon]], NATO memutuskan{{ndash}}di handap dorongan ti présidén Carter{{ndash}}pikeun menginstal rudal jelajah jeung [[MGM-31 Pershing]] milik Amérika Sarikat di Éropa, terutama di [[Jerman Kulon]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=202}}</ref> Rudal-rudal ieu ditopatkan dengan jarak mencolok, hanya berjarak 10 menit ti [[Moskow]].<ref>Garthoff, p. 88</ref> Saenggeus pemwangunan militer réagan selesai, Soviét teu nanggepannya dengan mengembangkan sumber daya militernya leuwih besar deui karena pengeluaran militer Soviét sudah sangat besar.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.theatlantic.com/past/politics/foreign/reagrus.htm|title=Reagan and the Russians|date=February 1994|work=The Atlantic|author=Lebow, Richard Ned and Janice Gross Stein|accessdate=May 28, 2010}}</ref> Besarnya anggaran militer Soviét mengakibatkan teu efisiena pemwangunan dina sektor [[manufaktur]] jeung pertanian, nu ahirnya jadi beban berat bagi [[Perékonomian Uni Soviét|perékonomian Soviét]].<ref name="Gaidar, Yegor"/> Di saat nu bersamaan, produksi minyak di [[Arab Saudi]] meningkat,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iet.ru/files/persona/gaidar/un_en.htm|title=Public Expectations and Trust towards the Government: Post-Revolution Stabilization and its Discontents|accessdate=March 15, 2008|author=Gaidar, Yegor|publisher=The Institute for the Economy in Transition}}</ref> bahkan produksi minyak di nagara-nagara non-[[OPEC]] ogé meningkat dina périodeu éta, kaasup Soviét.<ref name="EIA">"[http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/contents.html Official Energy Statistics of the US Government]", EIA&nbsp;— International Energy Data and Analysis. Retrieved on July 4, 2008.</ref> Perkembangan ieu méré kontribusi ka fénoména[[banjir minyak 1980-an]] nu mempangaruhi Uni Soviét. Minyak mulai jadi sumber utama pendapatan ekspor Soviét.<ref name="LaFeber 2002, p. 332"/><ref name="Gaidar, Yegor"/> Namun, permasalahan [[perékonomian komando]],<ref name="hardt1">{{Harvnb|Hardt|Kaufman|1995|p=1}}</ref> turuna harga minyak, jeung pengeluaran militer nu tetap besar sacara bertahap membawa perékonomian Soviét menuju stagnasi.<ref name="Gaidar, Yegor">Gaidar 2007 pp. 190–205</ref> Dina tanggal 1 Séptémber 1983, Uni Soviét menembak jatuh [[Korean Air Penerbangan 007]], pesawat [[Boeing 747]] nu mengangkut 269 penumpang, kaasup anggota Kongres [[Larry McDonald]]. Pesawat itu ditembak karena melanggar wilayah udara Soviét dengan melewati pantai Kulon [[Sakhalin|pulo Sakhalin]], di dekat [[Kepulauan Moneron]]&nbsp;—tindakan nu ku réagan dianggep sebagai "pembantaian". Tindakan Soviét ieu beuki ningkatkeun dukungan bagi AS supaya segera menerjukan militernya.<ref name="DoernerFive">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926169-5,00.html|title=Atrocity in the skies|work=Time|date=Séptémber 12, 1983|accessdate=June 8, 2008|first1=Strobe|last1=Talbott|first2=Jerry|last2=Hannifin|first3=Ed|last3=Magnuson|first4=William R.|last4=Doerner|first5=Joseph J.|last5=Kane}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521063516/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926169-5,00.html |date=May 21, 2013 }}</ref> NATO mengadakan latihan militer [[Able Archer 83]] dina bulan November 1983, nu mangrupa simulasi peluncuran nuklir sacara nyata. Paristiwa ieu disebut-sebut sebagai saat nu paling berbahaya bagi dunya sejak [[Krisis Rudal Kuba]] dina taun 1962. Saenggeus pamingpin Soviét memahami maksud ti latihan militer éta, maka diputuskan yén perang nuklir beuki dekat.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=228}}</ref> Kehenteusetujuan publik AS ngeunaan campur tangan AS dina konflik nagara lain sudah berlangsung sejak ahir [[Perang Vietnam]].<ref name="LaFeber323">{{Harvnb|LaFeber|2002|p=323}}</ref> Pamaréntahan réagan menekankan taktik [[kontra-pemberontakan]] jeung penyelesaian cepat dina mencampuri konflik asing.<ref name="LaFeber323" /> Dina taun 1983, Pamaréntahan réagan pipilueun tangan dina [[Perang Saudara Lebanon]], menginvasi [[Grenada]], membom [[Libya]], jeung ngadukung gerakan [[Contras]] di Amérika Tengah{{ndash}}paramiliter anti-komunis nu berusaha ngagulingkeun Pamaréntahan pro-Soviét [[Sandieusta]] di [[Nikaragua]].<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 212"/> Intervensi réagan ka Grenada jeung Libya mendapat dukungan ti publik AS, namun dukungana dina Contra [[Skandal Iran Contra|mengundang kontroversi]].<ref name = "Reagan">{{cite book|author=Reagan, Ronald|editor=Foner, Eric; Garraty, John Arthur|title=The Reader's companion to American history|url=http://books.google.com/?id=KrWDw-_devcC|accessdate=June 16, 2008|year=1991|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Books|isbn=0-395-51372-3}}</ref> Sementara itu, Soviét sendiri mengeluarkan biaya tinggi dina memfasilitasi intervensi maranéhna ka asing. Meskipun Brezhnev meyakieu dina taun 1979 yén [[Perang Soviét-Afganistan]]bakal berlangsung singkat, gerilyawan [[Muslim]], nu dibantu ku AS jeung nagara-nagara lianna, mengobarkan perlawanan sengit ka invasi éta.<ref name="LaFeber314">{{Harvnb|LaFeber|2002|p=314}}</ref> Kremlin ngirimkan hampir 100.000 tentara pikeun ngadukung rezim boneka di Afganistan, nu dijuluki ku para pengamat luar dengan "perang 'Vietnam'-nya Soviét".<ref name="LaFeber314" /> Namun, dampak perang Afganistan ieu jauh leuwih parah bagi Soviét ketimbang dampak Perang Vietnam bagi Amérika Sarikat, karena konflik ieu ogé bertepatan dengan périodeu kekacauan jeung krisis internal dina birokrasi jeung perékonomian Soviét.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=292}}</ref> Séorang pejabat senior di [[Departemen Luar Negeri Amérika Sarikat|Departemen Luar Negeri AS]] memprediksikan dina awal 1980-an, manéhna nyatakeun yén "invasi nu mengakibatkan krisis dina negeri bagi Soviét... mungkin itu nyaéta hukum termodinamika [[entropi]]... nu terjebak dengan sistem Soviét, nu ayeuna tampaknya leuwih loba mengeluarkan energi pikeun menjaga keseimbangana ketimbang pikeun memperbaikinya. Kita bisa menempo periode kebangkitan asing dina saat mengalami keruntuhan internal".<ref name=" Dobrynin">{{Harvnb|Dobrynin|2001|pp=438–439}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Maynes|1980|pp=1–2}}</ref> == Taun-taun terahir (1985–1991) == {{Main|Perang Tiis (1985–1991)}} [[Gambar:Reagan and Gorbachev signing.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mikhail Gorbachev]] jeung Ronald Reagan nandatanganan [[Traktat INF]] di Gedung Bodas, 1987]] === Reformasi Gorbachev === {{See|Mikhail Gorbachev|perestroika|glasnost}} Saenggeus tanggal 11 Maret 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev jadi Sekretaris Jenderal partéy Komunis Uni Soviét nu kelima pikeun menggantikan Konstantin Chernenko nu sudah wafat. Dina saat [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], nu relatif masih muda, jadi [[Sekretaris Jenderal Partei Komunis Uni Soviét|Sekretaris Jenderal]] dina taun 1985,<ref name="Gaddis 2005, p. 197" /> perékonomian Soviét keur stagnan jeung mengalami penurunan tajam dina penerimaan mata uang asing akibat turuna harga minyak dunya dina taun 1980-an.<ref name="LaFeber331" /> Masalah ieu memaksa Gorbachev pikeun mengambil langkah-langkah guna membangkitkan kembali keterpurukan Soviét.<ref name="LaFeber331">{{Harvnb|LaFeber|2002|pp=331–333}}</ref> Gorbachev nyatakeun yén pikeun membangkitkan kembali Soviét, diperlukan perobahan nu mendina dina struktural Soviét. Dina bulan Juni 1987, Gorbachev mengumumkan agenda reformasinya nu disebut ''[[perestroika]]'' atawa restrukturisasi.<ref name="Gaddis231">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=231–233}}</ref> Perestroika ngamungkinkeun leuwih épéktipnya sistem [[kuota produksi]], kepemilikan swasta atas bisnis jeung ogé membuka jalan bagi [[investor]] asing. Langkah ieu dimaksudkan pikeun mengarahkan sumber daya nagara ti pembiayaan militer nu mahal pikeun menunjang Perang Tiis ke pengembangan sektor sipil nu leuwih produktif.<ref name="Gaddis231" /> Meskipun muncul skeptisisme ti nagara-nagara Kulon, pamingpin Soviét nu anyar ieu terbukti berkomitmen pikeun memperbaiki kondisi perékonomian Soviét nu buruk, bukana melanjutkan perlombaan senjata dengan Kulon.<ref name="Palmowski" /><ref name="LaFeber2002">{{Harvnb|LaFeber|2002|pp=300–340}}</ref> Pikeun ngalawan penentang reformasinya nu berasal ti internal partéy, Gorbachev sacara bersamaan memperkenalkan ''[[glasnost]]'', atawa keterbukaan. Kawijakan ieu ngamungkinkeun ningkatna kebébasan [[pers]] jeung transparansi lembaga-lembaga nagara.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gibbs|1999|p=7}}</ref> ''Glasnost'' dimaksudkan pikeun ngurangan [[korupsi]] dina tubuh [[Partei Komunis Uni Soviét|Partei Komunis]] jeung memoderasi penyalahgunaan kakuasaan di [[Komite Sentral]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Gibbs|1999|p=33}}</ref> ''Glasnost'' ogé ngamungkinkeun ningkatna kontak antara warga Soviét jeung [[Dunya Kulon]], khususnya dengan Amérika Sarikat, nu méré kontribusi bagi paningkatan ''[[détente]]'' antara kadua nagara.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gibbs|1999|p=61}}</ref> === Perbaikan hubungan === {{See|Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi Reykjavík|Traktat INF|START I}} Nanggepan [[Konsesi (pulitik)|konsesi pulitik]] jeung militer [[Kremlin]] nu baru, réagan setuju pikeun mengadakan kembali perundingan dengan Soviét terkait dengan isu-isu ékonomi jeung perlombaan senjata.<ref name="Gaddis229">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=229–230}}</ref> Perundingan pertama diadakan dina bulan November 1985 di [[Jenewa|Jenewa, Swiss]].<ref name="Gaddis229" /> Dina perundingan éta, kadua pamingpin nagara, disertai ku séorang penerjemah, paheut pikeun ngurangans persenjataan nuklir di masing-masing nagara sebesar 50 persen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/21/newsid_2549000/2549897.stm 1985: "Superpowers aim for 'safer world'"], BBC News, November 21, 1985. Retrieved on July 4, 2008.</ref> Perundingan kadua, [[Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi Reykjavík]], diselenggarakan di [[Islandia]]. Perundingan éta berjalan lancar hingga pembicaraan bergeser ke arah Strategi Ieusiatif Pertahanan réagan nu hayang dieliminasi ku Gorbachev, namun réagan nolak.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DA1F3BF93AA15756C0A96E948260|title=Toward the Summit; Previous Reagan-Gorbachev Summits|work=The New York Times|accessdate=June 21, 2008|date=May 29, 1988}}</ref> Negosiasi ahirnya gagal, namun dina perundingan Katilu dina taun 1987, kadua pihak berhasil ngahasilkeun terobosan dengan ditandatanganinya [[Traktat Angkatan Nuklir Jangka Menengah]] (INF). Traktat ieu menghapuskan kéayaan sakabéh senjata nuklir, rudal balistik, jeung rudal jelajah di kadua pihak dengan jarak antara 500 jeung 5.500 kilométer beserta infrastrukturnya.<ref name="fas">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/inf/index.html|title=Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces|accessdate=June 21, 2008|publisher=Federation of American Scientists}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724134840/http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/inf/index.html |date=July 24, 2008 }}</ref> Kategangan antara Wétan dengan Kulon méré da dengan cepat dina pertengahan 1980-an. Taun 1989, bertopat di Moskow, Gorbachev jeung gagantina réagan, [[George H. W. Bush]], nandatanganan perjanjian [[START I]], nu mengahiri perlombaan senjata antar kadua nagara.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=255}}</ref> Salila taun-taun saterusna, Soviét dihadapkan dina keruntuhan perékonomian nu dibalukarkeun ku turuna harga minyak dunya jeung besarnya pembiayaan militer.<ref name="Shearman76"/> Selain itu, penopatan militer di nagara sekutunya diakui teu relevan deui bagi Soviét, jeung dina taun 1987, Soviét [[Doktrin Sinatra|sacara resmi mengumumkan]] kalau manéhna moal bakal pipilueun deui dina urusan dina negeri nagara-nagara sekutunya di [[Éropa Wétan]].<ref name="Gaddis248">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=248}}</ref> Taun 1989, pasukan Soviét mundur ti Afganistan,<ref name="Gaddis 2005, pp. 235–236">{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=235–236}}</ref> jeung setaun kemudian Gorbachev menyetujui [[reunifikasi Jerman]],<ref name="Shearman76">{{Harvnb|Shearman|1995|p=76}}</ref> satu-satunya alternatif pikeun nanggepan [[Protes Tiananmen Square 1989|skenario Tianmen]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Shearman|1995|p=74}}</ref> Ketika [[Tembok Berlin]] runtuh, konsép "[[Common European Home]]" nu dicetuskan ku Gorbachev mulai terbentuk.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ena.lu/?doc=11160| title=Address given by Mikhail Gorbachev to the Council of Europe| publisher=[[European NAvigator|Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe]]| date=July 6, 1989| accessdate=February 11, 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220033/http://www.ena.lu/?doc=11160 |date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> Dina tanggal 3 Désémber 1989, dina [[Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi Malta]], Gorbachev jeung [[George H. W. Bush]] sacara resmi nyatakeun yén Perang Tiis sudah berahir.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/3/newsid_4119000/4119950.stm Malta summit ends Cold War], BBC News, December 3, 1989. Retrieved June 11, 2008.</ref> Setaun kemudian, dua nagara éta bermitra dina [[Perang Teluk]] ngalawan Irak.<ref>Goodby, p. 26</ref> === Goyahna sistem Soviét === {{see|Perékonomian Uni Soviét}} [[Gambar:West and East Germans at the Brandenburg Gate in 1989.jpg|thumb|right|Runtuhnya [[Tembok Berlin]] dina taun 1989.]] Dina taun 1989, sistem aliansi Soviét aya di ambang keruntuhan. Akibat leungitnya dukungan militer ti Soviét, satu-persatu para pamingpin nagara-nagara komunis [[Pakta Warsawa]] ogé keleungitan kakuasaan.<ref name="Gaddis 2005, pp. 235–236"/> Di Uni Soviét sendiri, kawijakan ''glasnost'' ngalemahkeun ikatan nu salila ieu menyatukan Soviét.<ref name="Gaddis248" /> Bulan Februari 1990, dengan beuki memuncaknya isu [[pembubaran Uni Soviét]], para pamingpin [[Partei Komunis Uni Soviét|Partei Komunis]] terpaksa menyerahkan tampuk kakuasaana nu telah bertahan salila 73 taun.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sakwa|1999|p=460}}</ref> Dina saat nu sama, isu kemerdekaan nu dipicu ku ''glasnost'' beuki mendorong nagara-nagara Soviét pikeun misahkeun diri ti Moskow. [[Nagara-nagara Baltik]] mulai menarik diri ti Soviét sepenuhnya.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=253}}</ref> [[Révolusi 1989|Gelombang Révolusi damai 1989]] nu melanda [[Éropa Tengah]] jeung Éropa Wétan meruntuhkan kedigjayaan komunisme Soviét di nagara-nagara seperti Polandia, Hongaria, Cekoslowakia jeung Bulgaria.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lefeber|Fitzmaurice|Vierdag|1991|p=221}}</ref> Rumania jadi satu-satunya nagara Blok Wétan nu ngagulingkeun kakuasaan komunis sacara keras dengan mengeksekusi kepala nagaranya.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=247}}</ref> === Pembubaran Uni Soviét === {{See|January 1991 events in Latvia|Upaya kudéta di Soviét 1991|Sejarah Uni Soviét (1982–1991)|Pembubaran Uni Soviét}} [[Gambar:CIS-Map 2.png|right|thumb|[[Persemakmuran Nagara-Nagara Merdeka]], ahir resmi ti [[Uni Soviét]]]] Sikap permisif Gorbachev ka Éropa Wétan awalna teu meluas ke wilayah Soviét, bahkan Bush, nu berjuang pikeun mempertahankan hubungan persahabatan dengan Soviét, mengutuk pembunuhan dina bulan Januari 1991 di [[Paristiwa Januari 1991 di Latvia|Latvia]] jeung [[Paristiwa Januari|Lituania]]. Bush memperingatkan yén hubungan ékonomibakal dibekukan jika kekerasan terus terjadi.<ref>Goldgeier, p. 27</ref> Uni Soviét sacara fatal dilemahkeun ku [[Upaya kudéta di Soviét 1991|kudéta nu gagal]] dina taun 1991 jeung ningkatna jumlah [[Republik Uni Soviét|republikan Soviét]], hususna di [[Republik Sosialis Federasi Soviét Rusia|Rusia]], nu mengancambakal misahkeun diri ti Uni Soviét. [[Persemakmuran Nagara-Nagara Merdeka]], nu didirikan dina tanggal 21 Désémber 1991, dipandang sebagai entitas penerus Uni Soviét, namun, ceuk para pamingpin Rusia, tujuana nyaéta pikeun "ngamungkinkeun perpisahan sacara ayab" antara republik-republik Soviét jeung ogé sebanding dengan kelonggaran konfederasi.<ref>[http://rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/12/14b6b499-9eb2-4dee-b96c-784ec918969a.html Soviét Leaders Recall ‘Inevitable’ Breakup Of Soviét Union] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615120212/http://rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/12/14b6b499-9eb2-4dee-b96c-784ec918969a.html |date=2008-06-15 }}, [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]], December 8, 2006. Retrieved May 20, 2008.</ref> Uni Soviét sacara resmi [[Pembubaran Uni Soviét|dibubarkan]] dina tanggal 25 Désémber 1991.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|pp=256–257}}</ref> == Dampak == {{Main|Dampak Perang Tiis}} [[Gambar:Nato-csto.svg|thumb|right|600px|[[NATO]]/[[CSTO]]]] [[Gambar:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|right|[[NATO]] telah [[Perluasan NATO|memperluas cakupana]] ke nagara-nagara bekas [[Pakta Warsawa]] jeung bekas Uni Soviét sejak berahirnya Perang Tiis.]] Saenggeus Perang Tiis, [[Rusia]] sebagai ahli waris utama Uni Soviét memotong pengeluaran militer sacara drastis. Restrukturisasi ékonomi ngabalukarkeun jutaan warga di sakabéh Uni Soviét menganggur.<ref name = "Aslund">Åslund, p. 49</ref> Sadengkeun reformasi kapitalis mengakibatkan terjadinya resesi parah, leuwih parah tidina nu dialami ku AS jeung Jerman salila [[Depresi Besar]].<ref name = "Nolan">Nolan, pp. 17–18</ref> Saenggeus berahir, Perang Tiis masih terus mempangaruhi dunya.<ref name = "Halliday" /> Saenggeus pembubaran [[Uni Soviét]], dunya pasca-Perang Tiis sacara luas dianggep sebagai dunya nu [[Unipolaritas|unipolar]], nyésakeun [[Amérika Sarikat]] sebagai satu-satunya [[nagara adidaya]] di dunya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1217752.stm Country profile: United States of America]. [[BBC News]]. Retrieved March 11, 2007</ref><ref>Nye, p. 157</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Blum|2006|p=87}}</ref> Perang Tiis ogé ngabantuan mendefenisikan peran pulitik Amérika Sarikat di dunya pasca-[[Perang Dunya II]]: dina taun 1989 AS menjalin kerjasama militer dengan 50 nagara jeung mibanda 526.000<ref name=Frontline>{{cite web | title = U.S. Military Deployment 1969 to the present | publisher = http://www.pbs.org | date = October 26, 2004 | url = http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/pentagon/maps/5.html | accessdate =November 30, 2010 }}</ref> tentara di luar negeri nu tersebar di puluhan nagara, dengan 326.000 terdapat di Éropa (dua pertiganya di Jerman Kulon),<ref>{{Cite book |last = Duke |first = Simón |title = United States military forces and installations in Europe |publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1989 |page = [https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmili0000duke/page/175 175] |url =https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmili0000duke |id = |isbn = 0-19-829132-9}}</ref> jeung sekitar 130.000 terdapat di Asia (terutama di Jepang jeung Koréa Kidul).<ref name=Frontline/> Perang Tiis ogé menandai puncak pengembangan industri-militer, terutama di Amérika Sarikat, jeung pendanaan militer sacara besar-besaran.<ref name = "Calhoun">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Calhoun, Craig|encyclopedia=Dictionary of the Social Sciences|title=Cold War (entire chapter)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SvSZHgAACAAJ&dq=Dictionary+of+the+Social+Sciences|accessdate=June 16, 2008|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-512371-9|ref=harv}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pengembangan industri militer ieu mibanda dampak besar ka nagara nu bersangkutan; ngabantuan nyieun kehirupan kemasyarakatan, kawijakan, jeung hubungan luar negeri nagara éta.<ref>{{Cite book |last = Pavelec |first = Sterling Michael |title = The Military-Industrial Complex and American Society |publisher = ABC-CLIO |year = 2009 |pages = xv–xvi |url =https://archive.org/details/militaryindustri0000unse_q9m4 |id = |isbn = 1-59884-187-4}}</ref> Pengeluaran militer Amérika Sarikat salila berlangsungnya Perang Tiis diperkirakan sekitar $ 8 triliun, sadengkeun hampir 100.000 orang Amérika keleungitan nyawa maranéhna dina [[Perang Korea]] jeung [[Perang Vietnam]].<ref>{{Harvnb|LaFeber|2002|p=1}}</ref> Sulit pikeun memperkirakan jumlah korban jeung kerugian ti pihak Soviét, namun jika dinempo ti komparasi produk nasional bruto maranéhna, maka biaya keuangan nu dikeluarkan ku Soviét salila Perang Tiis jauh leuwih besar tidina nu dikeluarkan ku Amérika Sarikat.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=213}}</ref> Selain leungitnya nyawa warga sipil ku para tentara tak berseragam, jutaan jiwa ogé tewas dina [[perang proksi]] antar kadua nagara adidaya di rupa-rupa belahan dunya, terutama di Asia Tenggara.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gaddis|2005|p=266}}</ref> Sebagéan besar perang proksi jeung bantuan pikeun konflik-konflik lokal turut berahir seiring dengan usainya Perang Tiis. Perang antar-nagara, perang etnis, perang Révolusi, sarta jumlah pengungsi menurun tajam dina taun-taun pasca-Perang Tiis.<ref name = "Marshall">[http://www.systemicpeace.org/PC2005.pdf Monty G. Marshall and Ted Gurr, ''Peace and Conflict 2005''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624210152/http://www.systemicpeace.org/PC2005.pdf |date=2008-06-24 }} (PDF), Center for Systemic Peace (2006). Retrieved June 14, 2008.</ref> Di sisi lain, konflik-konflik antar-nagara di [[Dunya Katilu]] teu sepenuhnya terhapus pasca-Perang Tiis. Kategangan ékonomi jeung sosial nu dulu dimanfaatkan sebagai "bahan bakar" Perang Tiis terus berlangsung di [[Dunya Katilu]].<ref name="Halliday" /> Kegagalan kontrol nagara di sejumlah wilayah nu dulunya dikuasai ku Pamaréntah komunis telah ngahasilkeun konflik sipil jeung etnis baru, terutama di nagara-nagara bekas [[Yugoslavia]].<ref name = "Halliday" /> Berahirnya Perang Tiis telah menghantarkan Éropa Wétan dina éra pertumbuhan ékonomi jeung paningkatan jumlah nagara [[démokrasi liberal]], sadengkeun di bagéan lain dunya, seperti di Afganistan, kemerdekaan diikuti dengan [[nagara gagal|kegagalan nagara]].<ref name = "Halliday" /> == Historiografi == {{Main| Historiografi Perang Tiis}} Saenggeus istilah "Perang Tiis" dipopulerkan pikeun merujuk dina kategangan antara AS-Soviét pasca-Perang Dunya II, penafsiran ka asal usul konflik telah jadi sumber perdebatan di kalangan [[sejarawan]], ilmuwan pulitik, jeung jurnalis.<ref name = "Nashel">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Nashel, Jonathan|editor=Whiteclay Chambers, John|encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to American Military History|title=Cold War (1945–91): Changing Interpretations (entire chapter)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xtMKHgAACAAJ&dq=The+Oxford+Companion+to+American+Military+History|accessdate=June 16, 2008|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-507198-0|ref=harv}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sacara khusus, sejarawan teu paheut ngeunaan saha nu bertanggung jawab atas kerusakan hubungan Soviét-AS saenggeus Perang Dunya II, jeung apakah konflik antara dua adidaya éta tak terelakkan atawa bisa dihinti.<ref name="Brinkley">Brinkley, pp. 798–799</ref> Para sejarawan ogé teu paheut ngeunaan apa defenisi persisnya Perang Tiis itu, apa-apa saja nu jadi sumber-sumber konfliknya, jeung bagaimana pikeun menguraikan pola aksi jeung réaksi antara kadua pihak.<ref name = "Halliday" /> Meskipun penjelasan tentang asal usul ti konflik Perang Tiis dina diskusi akademik berlangsung dengan kompleks jeung beragam, Babaraha sekolah umum menetapkan pemikiran dina subjek nu dapat diidentifikasi. Sejarawan umumnya berpendapat yén terdapat tiga pamarekannu berbéda pikeun mempelajari Perang Tiis, nyaéta: pamarekan"ortodoks", "revisionisme", jeung "pasca-revisionisme".<ref name = "Calhoun" /> pamarekan"ortodoks" nyatakeun yén Uni Soviét jeung ekspansinya ke Éropa Wétan lah nu memicu berkobarnya Perang Tiis.<ref name = "Calhoun" /> Kalangan "revisionis" menganggep yén Amérika Sarikat bertanggung jawab atas kerusakan perdamaian pasca-Perang Dunya II karena berupaya pikeun mengkonfrontasi jeung mengisolasi Uni Soviét saméméh ahir Perang Dunya II.<ref name = "Calhoun" /> Sadengkeun "pasca-revisionis" mandang Perang Tiis sebagai kajadian nu leuwih bernuansa, jeung berusaha pikeun leuwih menyeimbangkan ngeunaan saha pihak nu bertanggung jawab dina Perang Tiis.<ref name = "Calhoun" /> Kelobaan [[historiografi]] ngeunaan Perang Tiis menggunakan dua atawa kesakabéhan pamarekanieu.<ref name = "Byrd" /> == Nempo ogé == {{div col|colwidth=25em}} * [[Permainan Besar]] * [[Imperialisme Amérika Sarikat]] * [[Kanada dina Perang Tiis]] * [[Perang Tiis (istilah umum)]] * [[Perang Tiis (serial TV)|''Perang Tiis'' (serial TV)]] * [[Kebudayaan salila Perang Tiis]] * [[Konferensi Danube River 1948]] * [[Daftar konferensi Uni Soviét-Amérika Sarikat]] * [[McCarthyisme]] * [[Intervensi luar negeri Amérika Sarikat]] * [[Ekspansi ékonomi pasca-Perang Dunya II]] * [[Kekaisaran Soviét]] * [[Garis waktu kejadian dina Perang Tiis]] * [[Eksperimen manusia nu teu etis di Amérika Sarikat]] * [[Perang Dunya III]] * [[:Kategori:Perang Tiis]] {{div col end}} == Catatan kaki == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Referensi jeung bacaan lanjutan == {{Main|Daftar sumber primer jeung sekunder Perang Tiis}} {{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{cite book|last=Applebaum|first = Anne|title=Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944-1956|url=https://archive.org/details/ironcurtaincrush00appl_0|publisher= Doubleday|year=2012|isbn= 0-385-51569-3}} * Davis, Simon, and Joseph Smith. ''The A to Z of the Cold War'' (Scarecrow, 2005), encyclopedia focused on military aspects * {{cite book|last=Dominguez|first = Jorge I.|title= To Make a World Safe for Revolution: Cuba's Foreign Policy|url=https://archive.org/details/tomakeworldsafef0000domi|publisher= Harvard University Press|year=1989|isbn=0-674-89325-0}} * {{cite book|last=Friedman|first = Norman|title= The Fifty-Year War: Conflict and Strategy in the Cold War|url=https://archive.org/details/fiftyyearwarconf0000frie|publisher= Naval Institute Press|year=2007|isbn=1-59114-287-3}} * {{Cite book|title=Russia, the Soviét Union and the United States. An Interpretative History|url=https://archive.org/details/russiasovietunio00gadd|last=Gaddis|first=John Lewis|year=1990|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=0-07-557258-3|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|title=We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History|url=https://archive.org/details/wenowknowrethink0000gadd_v0a2|author=[[John Lewis Gaddis|Gaddis, John Lewis]]|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-878070-2}} * {{Cite book|title=The Cold War: A New History|url=https://archive.org/details/coldwarnewhistor00gadd|last=Gaddis|first=John Lewis|year=2005|publisher=Penguin Press|isbn=1-59420-062-9|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{Cite book|last=Garthoff|first=Raymond|title=Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviét Relations from Nixon to Reagan|url=https://archive.org/details/detenteconfronta0000gart|year=1994|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|isbn=0-8157-3041-1|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * Haslam, Jonathan. ''Russia's Cold War: From the October Revolution to the Fall of the Wall'' (Yale University Press; 2011) 512 pages * Hoffman, David E. ''The Dead Hand: The Untold Story of the Cold War Arms Race and Its Dangerous Legacy'' (2010) * {{cite book|last=Hussain|first =Rizwan|title= Pakistan And The Emergence Of Islamic Militancy In Afghanistan|url=https://archive.org/details/pakistanemergenc0000huss|publisher= Ashgate Publishing|year=2005|isbn=0-7546-4434-0}} * Judge, Edward H. ''The Cold War: A Global History With Documents'' (2012) * {{cite book|last=Kalinovsky|first =Artemy M.|title= A Long Goodbye: The Soviét Withdrawal from Afghanistan|url=https://archive.org/details/longgoodbyesovie0000kali|publisher= Harvard University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-674-05866-8}} * {{cite book|last=LaFeber|first=Walter|title= America, Russia, and the Cold War, 1945–2002|url=https://archive.org/details/americarussiacol0000lafe_v6a4|publisher= McGraw-Hill|year=2002|isbn=0-07-284903-7|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{Cite book|last=Leffler|first = Melvyn|title= A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Admieustration, and the Cold War|url=https://archive.org/details/preponderanceofp0000leff|publisher= Stanford University Press|year=1992|isbn=0-8047-2218-8|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * Leffler, Melvyn P. and Odd Arne Westad, eds. ''The Cambridge History of the Cold War'' (3 vol, 2010) 2000pp; new essays by léading scholars * {{Cite book|last=Lewkowicz|first = Nicolas|title= The German Question and the International Order, 1943–48|url=https://archive.org/details/germanquestionin0000lewk|publisher= Palgrave Macmillan|year=2010|isbn=978-0-230-24812-0|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|author=[[Geir Lundestad|Lundestad, Geir]]|title=East, West, North, South: Major Developments in International Politics since 1945|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=1-4129-0748-9}} * {{cite book|last=Lüthi|first =Lorenz M|title= The Sino-Soviét split: Cold War in the communist world|publisher= Princeton University Press|year=2008|isbn=0-691-13590-8}} * {{cite book|last=McMahon|first=Robert|title=The Cold War: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-280178-3|year=2003}} * {{cite book|last=Meher|first =Jagmohan|title= America's Afghanistan War: The Success that Failed|publisher= Gyan Books|year=2004|isbn=81-7835-262-1}} * {{cite book|last=Lüthi|first =Lorenz M|title= The Sino-Soviét split: Cold War in the communist world|publisher= Princeton University Press|year=2008|isbn=0-691-13590-8}} * {{Cite book|last=Malkasian|first=Carter|title= The Korean War: Essential Histories|url=https://archive.org/details/koreanwar0000malk|publisher= Osprey Publishing|year=2001|isbn=1-84176-282-2|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * Mastny, Vojtech. ''The Cold War and Soviét insecurity: the Stalin years'' (1996) [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;cc=acls;view=toc;idno=heb00281.0001.001 online edition] * {{Cite book|title=Russian Image on the Western Screen: Trends, Stereotypes, Myths, Illusions|last=Fedorov|first=Alexander|year=2011|publisher=Lambert Academic Publishing,|isbn=978-3-8433-9330-0}} * {{Cite book|last=Miller|first=Roger Gene|title=To Save a City: The Berlin Airlift, 1948–1949|url=https://archive.org/details/tosavecityberlin0000mill_b0n4|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-89096-967-1|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{Cite book|last=Njolstad|first=Olav|title= The Last Decade of the Cold War|publisher= Routledge|year=2004|isbn=0-7146-8371-X|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|last=Nolan|first=Peter|title=China's Rise, Russia's Fall|url=https://archive.org/details/chinasriserussia0000nola|year=1995|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=0-312-12714-6}} * {{Cite book|last=Pearson|first=Raymond|title=The Rise and Fall of the Soviét Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/risefallofsoviet0000pear|publisher=Macmillan|year=1998|isbn=0-312-17407-1|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|last=Porter|first = Bruce|coauthors=Karsh, Efraim|title= The USSR in Third World Conflicts: Soviét Arms and Diplomacy in Local Wars|url=https://archive.org/details/ussrinthirdworld0000port_d7u1|publisher= Cambridge University Press|year=1984|isbn=0-521-31064-4}} * {{Cite book|last=Puddington|first=Arch|title= Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty|publisher= University Press of Kentucky|year= 2003|isbn=0-8131-9045-2|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Geoffrey|title=Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953|url=https://archive.org/details/stalinswarsfromw0000robe|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-300-11204-1|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|last=Stone|first=Norman|title= The Atlantic and Its Enemies: A History of the Cold War|url=https://archive.org/details/atlanticitsenemi0000ston_z5m0|publisher= Basic Books Press|year=2010|isbn=0-465-02043-7}} * {{Cite book|last=Taubman|first=William|title=Khrushchev: The Man and His éra|year=2004|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=0-393-32484-2|ref=harv|postscript=.}}; Pulitzer Prize * Tucker, Spencer, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Cold War: A Political, Social, and Military History'' (5 vol. 2008), world coverage * Walker, Martin. ''The Cold War: A History'' (1995), British perspective * {{Cite book|last=Wettig|first=Gerhard|title=Stalin and the Cold War in Europe|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2008|isbn=0-7425-5542-9|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{Cite book|last=Zubok|first = Vladislav|coauthors=Pleshakov, Constantine|title= Inside the Kremlin's Cold War: From Stalin to Khrushchev|url=https://archive.org/details/insidekremlinsco00zubo|publisher= Harvard University Press|year=1996|isbn=0-674-45531-2|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * Zubok, Vladislav M. ''A Failed Empire: The Soviét Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev'' (2008) === Historiografi jeung memori === * Hopkins, Michael F. "Continuing Debate and New Approaches in Cold War History," ''Historical Journal,'' Dec 2007, Vol. 50 Issue 4, pp 913–934, * Isaac, Joel, and Duncan Bell, eds. ''Uncertain Empire: American History and the Idea of the Cold War'' (2012) [http://www.amazon.com/Uncertain-Empire-American-History-Idea/dp/0199826145/ excerpt and text search] * Johnston, Gordon. "Revisiting the cultural Cold War," ''Social History,'' Aug 2010, Vol. 35 Issue 3, pp 290–307 * Nuti, Léopoldo, et al., eds. ''Europe and the End of the Cold War: A Reappraisal'' (2012) [http://www.amazon.com/Europe-End-Cold-War-ebook/dp/B008VSEJBO/ excerpt and text search] * Wiener, Jon. ''How We Forgot the Cold War: A Historical Journey across America'' (2012) [http://www.amazon.com/How-Forgot-Cold-War-Historical/dp/0520271416/ excerpt and text search] === Sumber primer === * {{cite book|author=[[Christopher Andrew (historian)|Andrew, Christopher]]|coauthors=[[Vasili Mitrokhin|Mitrokhin, Vasili]]|title= The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB|url=https://archive.org/details/swordshieldmitro0000andr_q5i4|publisher= Basic Books|year=2000|isbn=0-585-41828-4}} * {{Cite book|last=Dobrynin|first=Anatoly|title=In Confidence: Moscow's Ambassador to Six Cold War Presidents|url=https://archive.org/details/inconfidencemosc0000dobr_d2k5|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=2001|isbn=0-295-98081-8|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * Hanhimaki, Jussi and Odd Arne Westad, eds. ''The Cold War: A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts'' (Oxford University Press, 2003). ISBN 0-19-927280-8. * {{cite book|author=Sakwa, Richard|title= The rise and fall of the Soviét Union, 1917–1991|url=https://archive.org/details/risefallofsoviet0000sakw|publisher=Routledge|year=1999|isbn=0-415-12290-2|ref=harv|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|author=Cardona, Luis|title= Cold War KFA|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|ref=harv|postscript=.|unused_data=Barcelona, Spain}} * [http://www.jfklibrary.org/Events-and-Awards/Forums.aspx?f=2009 "Presidency in the Nuclear Age"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618021017/http://www.jfklibrary.org/Events-and-Awards/Forums.aspx?f=2009 |date=2013-06-18 }}, conference and forum at the [[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum|JFK Library]], Boston, October 12, 2009. Four panels: "The Race to Build the Bomb and the Decision to Use It", "Cuban Missile Crisis and the First Nuclear Test Ban Treaty", "The Cold War and the Nuclear Arms Race", and "Nuclear Weapons, Terrorism, and the Presidency". ( [http://www.jfklibrary.org/Events-and-Awards/~/media/assets/Education%20and%20Public%20Programs/Forum%20Transcripts/Cold%20War%20and%20Nuclear%20Arms%20Race.pdf transcript of "The Cold War and the Nuclear Arms Race"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117035929/http://www.jfklibrary.org/Events-and-Awards/~/media/assets/Education%20and%20Public%20Programs/Forum%20Transcripts/Cold%20War%20and%20Nuclear%20Arms%20Race.pdf |date=2013-01-17 }}) {{refend}} == Pranala luar == {{Sister project links|Perang Tiis}} ;Arsip * [http://www.osaarchivum.org/guide/ Open Society Archives, Budapest (Hungary), one of the biggest history of communism and cold war archives in the world] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511130424/http://www.osaarchivum.org/guide/ |date=2011-05-11 }} * [http://www.cybertrn.demon.co.uk/ An archive of UK civil defence material] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222065026/http://www.cybertrn.demon.co.uk/ |date=2008-12-22 }} * [http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552679 Post-Cold War World Economy] from the [http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494 Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives] * [http://www.conelrad.com/ CONELRAD Cold War Pop Culture Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729202943/http://www.conelrad.com/ |date=2020-07-29 }} * [http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/war-conflict/cold-war/cold-war-culture-the-nuclear-fear-of-the-1950s-and-1960s/topic---cold-war-culture-the-nuclear-fear-of-the-1950s-and-1960s.html CBC Digital Archives{{spaced ndash}}Cold War Culture: The Nuclear Fear of the 1950s and 1960s] * [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/program/cold-war-international-history-project The Cold War International History Project (CWIHP)] * [http://coldwarfiles.org/ The Cold War Files] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918203432/http://coldwarfiles.org/ |date=2008-09-18 }} * [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/ CNN Cold War Knowledge Bank] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217154418/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/ |date=2008-12-17 }} comparison of articles on Cold War topics in the Western and the Soviét press between 1945 and 1991 * [http://community.theblackvault.com/articles/entry/The-CAESAR-POLO-and-ESAU-Papers- The CAESAR, POLO, and ESAU Papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710182023/http://community.theblackvault.com/articles/entry/The-CAESAR-POLO-and-ESAU-Papers- |date=2009-07-10 }}–This collection of declassified analytic monographs and reference aids, designated within the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Directorate of Intelligence (DI) as the CAESAR, ESAU, and POLO series, highlights the CIA's efforts from the 1950s through the mid-1970s to pursue in-depth reséarch on Soviét and Chinese internal politics and Sino-Soviét relations. The documents reflect the views of séasoned analysts who had followed closely their special aréas of reséarch and whose views were shaped in often héated debate. * [http://eisenhower.archives.gov/research/online_documents/aerial_intelligence.html Documents available online regarding aerial intelligence during the Cold War, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library] ;Bibliografi * [http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=issues/Arms+Race Annotated bibliography for the arms race from the Alsos Digital Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060203121815/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=issues%2FArms+Race |date=2006-02-03 }} ;Berita * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/themes/world_politics/cold_war/default.stm Video and audio news reports from during the cold war] ;Sumber edukasional * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080503183113/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/128mimi/ ''Minuteman Missile National Historic Site: Protecting a Legacy of the Cold War'', a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan] {{Perang Tiis}} {{Tokoh Perang Tiis}} {{Topik Amérika Sarikat}} {{Uni Soviét handap}} {{komunisme handap}} {{Artikel Geulis}} [[Kategori:Perang Tiis| ]] [[Kategori:Konflik global]] [[Kategori:Masa bersejarah]] [[Kategori:Perang melibatkan Amérika Sarikat]] [[Kategori:Perang melibatkan Uni Soviét]] [[Kategori:Abad ke-20]] [[Kategori:Hubungan internasional]] 4g92wd6oycsy4dqxky2jlr3yricfda0 Kacang 0 53352 729101 677755 2026-09-26T12:24:22Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729101 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Various legumes.jpg|thumb|upright=90%|Rupa-rupa Kacang]] '''Kacang''' nyaéta hiji istilah ''non''-[[botani]] anu dipaké pikeun nyebut kana siki sababaraha pepelakan utamana polong-polongan, sapopoé kacang ogé dipaké pikeun nyebut ([[buah]]) polong malahan nyebut kana [[tangkal]] anu ngahasilkeun sikina.<ref name=Rigg>{{Cite book | author = Jonathan Rigg | year = 1862 | pages = 182 | title = A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java | location = London | publisher = Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen }}</ref> Kacang ogé dipaké pikeun nyebutkeun kana [[siki]] anu garing, umumna anu disebut kacang ukuranana leutik <ref name=kacang>{{cite web|url= http://pustakafakta.blogspot.co.id/2016/02/inilah-faktanya-ternyata-kacang-adalah.html |title=Inilah Faktanya Ternyata Kacang Adalah Salah Satu Bahan Untuk Membuat Dinamit |publisher=Kumpulan Fakta Unik Seluruh Dunia |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref><ref name=kagunaan>{{cite web|url= http://www.kerjanya.net/faq/18274-kacang.html |title=Kacang |publisher=Kerjanya.net | accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref>. [[Gambar:Nuts on Spice Bazaar in Istanbul 01.jpg|jmpl|Kacang]] Kacang dipercaya mibanda kandungan nutrisi, [[protéin]], jeung [[énergi]] anu pohara lobana ku alatan kitu kacang geus jadi kadaharan anu kawentar alus pikeun dikonsumsi.<ref name="kagunaan" /> Sebutan kacang biasana nunjuk kana kacang anu ilahar dikonsumsi kayaning, [[Suuk|kacang suuk]], [[kacang beureum]], [[kacang héjo]], [[kacang polong]] jeung sajabana.<ref name="adalah" /> Tangtuna kacang-kacang éta geus dipiwanoh ku balaréa katut cara jeung katangtuan dina ngolahna.<ref name="kagunaan" /> [[Lemak]] anu aya dina kacang mangrupa lemak anu séhat tur mangpaat pikeun kaséhatan.<ref name="kacang" /> ==Mangpaat jeung Kagunaan== Kandungan protéin, lemak séhat, [[mineral]] jeung rupa-rupa [[vitamin]] kacida pentingna pikeun ngariksa kaséhatan anu ngonsumsina.<ref name=adalah/> Sagigireun ti éta sababaraha kacang bisa dicampurkeun kitu waé kana dahareun.<ref name=adalah/> Contona sayur asem anu maké kacang suuk atawa kacang beureum, [[loték]], [[gado-gado]], jeung sajabana.<ref name=adalah>{{cite web|url= https://books.google.co.id/books?id=o_SKezF4fZ4C&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=kacang+adalah&source=bl&ots=sK8__47a4c&sig=Yf3NBcneE_t8HuBFSHYZLuJWGX0&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi49vG-l7XTAhWDv48KHch4BF04ChDoAQgvMAM#v=onepage&q=kacang%20adalah&f=false |title= Membuat Rempeyek Kacang Tahan |publisher=Kanisius |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref><ref name=macam>{{cite web|url= https://wdedek08.wordpress.com/category/jenis-jenis/ |title=Kacang-kacangan |publisher= WordPress.com |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref> Ieu ku lantaran [[gizi]] anu dipibanda ku kacang.<ref name=kolestrol/> Aya deui kacang héjo anu ilahar dijieun [[bubur]] dipercaya pikeun ngaronjatkeun kasuburan [[buuk]] jeung ngalancarkeun cisusu ibu (ASI).<ref name=kolestrol/> Dalah ti kitu sakabéh kacang mibanda kagunaan anu hadé pikeun ibu-ibu anu keur nyusuan mah.<ref name=kagunaan/> Sababaraha kacang anu ilahar diolah pikeun opieun saperti [[roay|kacang roay]], kacang bali, kacang [[hiris]], [[kacang panjang]], [[kadelé|Kacang kadelé]], kacang suuk, jeung sajabana.<ref name=macam/> ==Kacang jeung Jarawat== Di masarakat urang aya hiji kapercayaan atawa mitos cenah upama loba ngadahar kacang matak jarawatan, tapi numutkeun kana panalungtikan anu dipigawé ku ''American Academy of Dermatologi'' taya lian hiji ''lembaga'' anu icikibung dina masalah kaséhatan kulit nyindeukkeun, yén euweuh hubunganana bijilna jarawat ku alatan ngadahar kacang.<ref name=jarawat>{{cite web|url= http://faradila.com/mitos-atau-fakta-kacang-adalah-penyebab-jerawat-pada-wajah/|title= Mitos atau Fakta, Kacang Adalah Penyebab Jerawat Pada Wajah|accessdate= 21 April 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''Colorado State Universty Department of Healt and Exercise'' méré saran séjénna taya lian jarawat bisa disingkahan ku jalan ngurangan ngonsumsi anu amis-amis tur kudu rajin mersihkeun [[kulit]]é.<ref name=jarawat/> ==Alergi kacang== Alérgi anu dirandapan sabada ''ngonsumsi'' kacang, sarua waé kawas alérgi anu dibalukarkeun ku ''ngonsumsi'' kadaharan séjén saperti: [[susu]], [[endog]], [[gandum]], [[lauk]], jeung [[haremis]].<ref name="kolestrol" /> Alérgi balukar tina ngadahar kacang, ilaharna kulit karasa ateul, [[biwir]] bareuh/jeding, kongkolak panon bareuh, jeung sajabana.<ref name=alergi>{{cite web |url= http://id.wikihow.com/Mengenali-Alergi-Kacang |title= Cara Mengenali Alergi Kacang |publisher= http://id.wikihow.com |accessdate= 21 April 2017 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170406231612/http://id.wikihow.com/Mengenali-Alergi-Kacang |archivedate= 6 April 2017 }}</ref> Ieu ku lantaran hudangna sakumpulan [[sél]] dina awakna anu ngaluarkeun ''histamin'' tur ngabalukarkeun bocor atawa bareuh di daérah urat[[getih]] dina [[awak]].<ref name=alergi/> Alérgi kana kacang anu dirandapan ku barudak umur opat belas bulan nepikeun ka dua [[taun]], henteu kawas alergi kana susu.<ref name=kolestrol/> Alergi kacang mah baris ngurangan tur leungit upama geus manjing déwasa.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://sehatindonesia.com/kolum/3/seputar-alergi/141/alergi-kacang-1|title= Alergi Kacang (1)|publisher= http://sehatindonesia.com|accessdate= 21 April 2017|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170324174845/http://sehatindonesia.com/kolum/3/seputar-alergi/141/alergi-kacang-1|archivedate= 24 March 2017}}</ref> ==Kacang jeung Diet== Lemak anu dikandung ku kacang mangrupa [[lemak]] anu séhat tur nyehatkeun, lemak ''mono'' henteu ''jenuh.''<ref name="alergi" /> Kacang mibanda protéin, ''serat'', [[kalium]], [[magnésium]], jeung [[vitamin]] E.<ref name="kolestrol" /> Kacang ogé mibanda ''pitosterol'' anu gedé mangpaatna pikeun nurunkeun kandungan kolesterol jahat dina [[getih]] <ref name="kolestrol">{{cite web|url= https://books.google.co.id/books?id=VwsIBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA375&lpg=PA375&dq=kacang+adalah&source=bl&ots=DBqhR5hX1Z&sig=HyscCpBu9tiY1BxbEi4tlqHSWyQ&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFpviRmLXTAhXIvY8KHQS9B4g4FBDoAQhMMAk#v=onepage&q=kacang%20adalah&f=false |title= INFORMASI KAPUAS (Jilid 11)|publisher= Jum'atil Fajar, Tommy Saputra, Andang Jarwadi, abahTYA, Tri Setyautami|accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref> . Ogé panalungtikan séjénna ngeunaan mangpaat ngonsumsi kacang dina jumlah saeutik tapi mayeng, baris ngaronjatkeun kasehatan [[jantung]].<ref name=kolestrol/> Kitu ogé pikeun awéwé anu ''ngonsumsi'' lima ons kacang dina saminggu baris ngurangan keuna resiko panyakit jantung kurang leuwih 35 persén ti batan awéwé anu henteu ngadahar kacang.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://books.google.co.id/books?id=6WFVs_8BHjIC&pg=PA241&lpg=PA241&dq=kacang+adalah&source=bl&ots=jyzjgbesYW&sig=taIWRrNTq4jRIGnltfL08J0E5yI&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi49vG-l7XTAhWDv48KHch4BF04ChDoAQhEMAk#v=onepage&q=kacang%20adalah&f=false |title= Diet Sehat Dg Kode Warna Mknan |publisher=Hikmah |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref> ==Dicuat tina== {{reflist|2}} ==Tutumbu kaluar== *{{id}}[http://www.tipscaramanfaat.com/kandungan-nutrisi-kacang-tanah-754.html Nutrisi Kacang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503141257/http://www.tipscaramanfaat.com/kandungan-nutrisi-kacang-tanah-754.html |date=2017-05-03 }} *{{id}}[http://lavees.com/mitos-atau-fakta-bahwa-kacang-adalah-makanan-penyebab-jerawat/ Jarawat tina kacang]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{id}}[http://manfaat.co.id/manfaat-kacang-tanah Mangpaat suuk] ==Baca ogé== *{{id}}[http://www.tipscaramanfaat.com/kandungan-nutrisi-kacang-tanah-754.html ''Nutrisi'' Kacang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503141257/http://www.tipscaramanfaat.com/kandungan-nutrisi-kacang-tanah-754.html |date=2017-05-03 }} *{{id}}[http://lavees.com/mitos-atau-fakta-bahwa-kacang-adalah-makanan-penyebab-jerawat/ Jarawat jeung Kacang]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{id}}[http://manfaat.co.id/manfaat-kacang-tanah Mangpaat kacang] *{{id}}[http://wol.jw.org/id/wol/d/r25/lp-in/102003287 Kacang jeung Asal muasal] *{{id}}[http://www.materipertanian.com/klasifikasi-dan-ciri-ciri-morfologi-kacang-tanah/ Rupa-rupa kacang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429193757/http://www.materipertanian.com/klasifikasi-dan-ciri-ciri-morfologi-kacang-tanah/ |date=2017-04-29 }} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan ubar]] [[Kategori:Fabaceae]] [[Kategori:Kadaharan]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Sabanda II]] [[Kategori:Kakacangan]] 9qaqlzmf7i45sya6y6jfz81qnu65vjd Ucing Pérsia 0 53356 729331 713031 2026-09-27T01:26:56Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cat breed <!-- Put article text AFTER this infobox markup. See: --> <!-- Wikipedia:WikiProject Cats/Templates for more info. --> |name= Ucing Pérsia |image= Shaded silver Persian Cat Missionhill Cosmic Rainstorm.jpg |imagecaption= |altname= Bulu Panjang,<br />Pérsia Bulu Panjang ,<br />Shiraz, Shirazi |nickname= |country= [[Iran|Iran (Pérsia)]] <!-- international registries: --> |cfastd = http://www.cfainc.org/Portals/0/documents/breeds/standards/persian.pdf |fifestd = http://www1.fifeweb.org/dnld/std/EXO-PER.pdf |ticastd= http://www.tica.org/members/publications/standards/ps.pdf |wcfstd = http://www.wcf-online.de/WCF-EN/library/PER_en_2010-01-01.pdf <!-- regional multi-national registries: --> |ffestd = http://www.ffe-europe.de/standard/persian_e.htm <!-- national registries: --> |acfstd = http://www.acf.asn.au/notices/notices/standards/2015_Group%201_Persian.pdf |acfastd = http://www.acfacat.com/Breed%20Standards/PERSIAN.pdf |cccastd = |ccastd = http://www.cca-afc.com/en/BreedStandards/persian.pdf |cffstd = |gccfstd = http://www.gccfcats.org/Portals/0/Persian.SOP.pdf |loofstd = http://m.loof.asso.fr/standards/standard_en_41.php?z=1 |nzcfstd= |saccstd= <!-- any registry not listed above: --> |otherstd = |note=Ucing[[Éksotik bulu panjang]] jeung [[Ucing Himalaya]] mindeng digolongkeun kana jenis varian ieu. }} '''Ucing Pérsia''' ([[Persian language|Pérsia]]: گربه ایرانی ''Gorbe Irâni'') nyaéta [[ucing]] piaraan cirina bulu panjang, beungeut buleud sarta irung pondok. Sakapeung disebut '''Longhair''' atawa '''Pérsia Longhair'''. Ogé katelah ucing '''[[Shiraz]]i''' atawa '''Ucing Iran''', utamana di [[Timur Tengah]]. Karuhun ucing pérsia nu mimiti didokumétasikeun diimpor ti [[Iran]] (Pérsia) sakitar taun 1620 ka Éropa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.breedguide.net/tag/persian-cat/|title=persian cat Archives - Breed Guide|work=Breed Guide}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808050721/http://www.breedguide.net/tag/persian-cat/ |date=2014-08-08 }}</ref> Dipikawanoh minangka ucing inguan nu éndah saprak ahir abad ka-19, mimiti dimekarkeun ku Inggris, terus utamana ku paternak Amérika sanggeus [[Perang Dunya Kadua]]. Sababaraha organisasi ucing méwah ieu ngagolongkeun [[Ucing Himalaya]] jeung [[Éksotik Bulu pondok]] minangka varian ti turunan ieu, sedengkeun nu lianna nganggap maranéhna minangka katurunan nu misah. The [[selective breeding]] carried out by breeders has allowed the development of a wide variety of coat colors, but has also led to the création of incréasingly [[Cephalic index in cats and dogs|flat-faced]] Persians. Favored by fanciers, this héad structure can bring with it a number of héalth problems. As is the case with the [[Siamese (cat)|Siamese]] breed, there have been efforts by some breeders to preserve the older type of cat, the ''traditional breed'', having a more pronounced muzzle, which is more popular with the general public. Hereditary [[polycystic kidney disease]] is prevalent in the breed, affecting almost half the population in some countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://icatcare.org/advice/polycystic-kidney-disease|title=Polycystic kidney disease {{!}} International Cat Care|website=icatcare.org|access-date=2016-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vet.cornell.edu/fhc/Health_Information/PolycysticKidneyDisease.cfm|title=Polycystic Kidney Disease|website=www.vet.cornell.edu|access-date=2016-07-08}}</ref> In 2015 it was ranked as the 2nd most popular breed in the United States according to the [[Cat Fanciers' Association]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cfa.org/AboutCFA/News/PressReleases/PressRelease20160201Top10Breeds.aspx|title=Press Release February 1, 2016 - Top 10 Breeds for 2015|website=cfa.org|access-date=2016-07-08}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430031445/http://cfa.org/AboutCFA/News/PressReleases/PressRelease20160201Top10Breeds.aspx |date=2017-04-30 }}</ref> The first is the [[Exotic Shorthair|Exotic]] breed. ==Asal== It is not cléar when longhaired cats first appéared, as there are no known long-haired specimens of the [[African wildcat]], the ancestor of the domestic subspecies. [[File:Persian aka Angora from 1894.JPG|thumb|left|An Angora/Persian from ''The Royal Natural History'' (1894).]] The first documented ancestors of the Persian were imported from [[Khorasan Province|Khorasan]], Persia (now Iran), into Italy in 1620 by [[Pietro della Valle]], and from Angora (now [[Ankara]]), [[Turkey]], into France by [[Nicholas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc]] at around the same time. The Khorasan cats were grey coated while those from Angora were white. From France, they soon réached Britain.<ref name="messybeastLHC">{{cite web | url=http://www.messybeast.com/longhair-cats.htm | title=Longhaired Cats | publisher=Sarah Hartwell | work=Messybeast Cats | date=2013 | accessdate=July 9, 2015 | last=Hartwell | first=Sarah}}</ref>{{self-published inline|certain=y|date=July 2015|reason=This is Sarah Hartwell's personal cat blog, "not affiliated to any registry, breed society, veterinary association or welfare society", not professionally edited, and citing no sources.}} Recent genetic reséarch indicates that present day Persians are related not to cats from the [[Near East]] but to cats from Western Europe. The reséarchers stated, "Even though the early Persian cat may have in fact originated from ancient Persia, the modern Persian cat has lost its [[Phylogeography|phylogeographical]] signature."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Monika J.|last1=Lipinski |first2=Lutz|last2=Froenicke |first3=Kathleen C.|last3=Baysac |first4=Nicholas C.|last4=Billings |first5=Christian M.|last5=Leutenegger |first6=Alon M.|last6=Levy |first7=Maria|last7=Longeri |first8=Tirri|last8=Niini |first9=Haydar|last9=Ozpinar |first10=Margaret R.|last10=Slater |first11=Niels C.|last11=Pedersen |first12=Leslie A.|last12=Lyons |title=The Ascent of Cat Breeds: Genetic Evaluations of Breeds and Worldwide Random Bred Populations |journal=Genomics |date=January 2008 |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.10.009 |pmc=2267438 |pmid=18060738}}</ref> {{clear}} ==Pamekaran== ===Pérsia jeung Angora=== {{over-quotation|lengthy=y|section|date=December 2011}} {{Multiple image|direction=vertical|align=right|image1=Blue Persian "Gentian".jpg|image2=Fulmer Zaida - Silver Persian.JPG|width=220|caption2=Top: blue Persian. Prize-winner at Westminster in 1899. <br />Bottom: silver Persian. Winner of multiple leading cat shows in 1902.}} The first Persian cat was presented at the first organized [[cat show]], in 1871 in [[the Crystal Palace]] in London, England, organized by [[Harrison Weir]]. As specimens closer to the later established Persian conformation became the more popular types, attempts were made to differentiate it from the Angora.<ref name="Helgren">{{cite web |last=Helgren|first=J. Anne. |title=Cat Breed Detail: Persian Cats |date=2006 |work=Iams.com |publisher=Telemark Productions / Procter & Gamble |url=http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=CBD&breedPage=persian.html |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081119191145/http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=CBD&breedPage=persian.html |archivedate=November 19, 2008 |accessdate=July 9, 2015}}</ref> The first breed standard (then called a ''points of excellence'' list) was issued in 1889 by cat show promoter Weir. He stated that the Persian differed from the Angora in the tail being longer, hair more full and coarse at the end and héad larger, with less pointed éars.<ref>{{cite book |last=Weir|first=Harrison |title=Our Cats and All About Them |date=1889 |location=Tunbridge Wells, UK |publisher=R. Clements & Co. |lccn=2002554760 |ol=3664970M |url= https://archive.org/details/ourcatsallaboutt00weir |accessdate=July 9, 2015}}</ref> Not all cat fanciers agreed with the distinction of the two types, and in the 1903 work ''The Book of the Cat'', Francis Simpson states that "the distinctions, apparently with hardly any difference, between Angoras and Persians are of so fine a nature that I must be pardoned if I ignore the class of cat commonly called Angora".<ref>{{cite book |last=Simpson|first=Frances. |title=The Book of the Cat |date=1903 |page=98 |location=London/New York |publisher=Cassell and Company |lccn=03024964 |ol=7205700M |url= https://archive.org/details/bookofcatsimpson00simprich |accessdate=July 9, 2015}}</ref> Dorothy Bevill Champion lays out the difference between the two types in the 1909 ''Everybody's Cat Book'':<ref name="champion">{{cite book |last=Champion |first=Dorothy Bevill |year=1909 |title=Everybody's Cat Book |page=17 |publisher=Lent & Graff |location=New York |lccn=10002159 |oclc=8291178 |ol=7015748M |url= https://archive.org/details/everybodyscatboo00cham |accessdate=July 9, 2015}}</ref> <blockquote> Our pedigree imported long-hairs of to-day are undoubtedly a cross of the Angora and Persian ; the latter possesses a rounder head than the former, also the coat is of quite a different quality. </blockquote> Bell goes on to detail the differences. Persian coats consists of a woolly under coat and a long, hairy outer coat.The coat loses all the thick underwool in the summer, and only the long hair remains. Hair on the shoulders and upper part of the hind legs is somewhat shorter. Conversely, the Angora has a very different coat which consists of long, soft hair, hanging in locks, "inclining to a slight curl or wave on the under parts of the body." The Angora's hair is much longer on the shoulders and hind legs than the Persian, which Bell considered a gréat improvement. However, Bell says the Angora "fails to the Persian in head," Angoras having a more wedge-shaped héad and Persians having a more appéaling round héad. Bell notes that Angoras and Persians have been crossbred, resulting in a decided improvement to éach breed, but claimed the long-haired cat of 1909 had significantly more Persian influence than Angora. Champion lamented the lack of distinction among various long-haired types by English fanciers, who in 1887, decided to group them under the umbrella term "Long-haired Cats".<ref name="champion"/><ref name="Helgren2">{{cite web |last=Helgren|first=J. Anne |title=Cat Breed Detail: Turkish Angora |date=2006 |work=Iams.com |publisher=Telemark Productions / Procter & Gamble |url= http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=CBD&breedPage=turkango.html |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100509130400/http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=CBD&breedPage=turkango.html |archivedate=May 9, 2010 |accessdate=July 9, 2015}} {{Unreliable source?|reason=A cat food manufacturer is not a reliable source on cat breed history.|date=July 2015}}</ref><!-- This ref is only for the date. --> ===Pérsia Tradisional=== [[File:SnowyandHazy.jpg|thumb|Traditional Persian.]] {{Main article|Traditional Persian cat}} The '''traditional Persian''', or '''doll-face Persian''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://buyfuffy.com|title=Cats and Kittens: Maine coon Kittens|accessdate=March 17, 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313210531/http://buyfuffy.com/ |date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref> are somewhat recent names for what is essentially the original breed of Persian cat, without the development of extreme féatures. As many breeders in the [[United States]], [[Germany]], [[Italy]], and other parts of the world started to interpret the Persian standard differently, they developed the flat-nosed "peke-face" or "ultra" type {{crossref|selfref=no|(see next section)}} over time, as the result of two genetic mutations, without changing the name of the breed from "Persian". Some organizations, including the [[Cat Fanciers' Association]] (CFA), today consider the peke-face type as their modérn standard for the Persian breed. Thus the [[retronym]] Traditional Persian was créated to refer to the original type, which is still bred today, mirroring the renaming of the original-style [[Siamese cat]] as the Traditional Siamese, to distinguish it from long-faced modérn development which has taken over as simply "the Siamese". Not all cat fancier groups recognize the Traditional Persian (at all, or as distinct), or give it that specific name. [[The International Cat Association|TICA]] has a very general standard, that does not specify a flattened face.<ref name="TICA std">{{cite web |title=Persian Breed Group |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |work=TICA.org |date=May 1, 2004 |location=Harlingen, Texas |publisher=[[The International Cat Association]] |url=http://www.tica.org/members/publications/standards/ps.pdf |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802122540/http://www.tica.org/members/publications/standards/ps.pdf |date=August 2, 2010 }}</ref> ===Peke-face and ultra-typing=== In the late 1950s a spontanéous mutation in red and red tabby Persians gave rise to the "peke-faced" Persian, named after the flat-faced [[Pekingese]] dog. It was régistered as a distinct breed in the CFA, but fell out of favor by the mid-1990s due to serious héalth issues; only 98 were régistered between 1958 and 1995. Despite this, breeders took a liking to the look and started breeding towards the peke-face look. The over-accentuation of the breed's characteristics by selective breeding (called ''extreme-'' or ''ultra-typing'') produced results similar to the peke-faced Persians. The term peke-face has been used to refer to the ultra-typed Persian but it is properly used only to refer to red and red tabby Persians béaring the mutation. Many fanciers and CFA judges considered the shift in look "a contribution to the breed."<ref name="messybeastLHC" /><ref name="CFA Saunders">{{cite web |first=Lorraine |last=Saunders |title=Solid Color Persians Are...Solid As a Rock? |work=Cat Fanciers' Almanac |date=November 2002 |publisher=Cat Fanciers' Association |url=http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/articles/persian-solid02.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201041221/http://cfainc.org//breeds/profiles/articles/persian-solid02.html |archivedate=December 1, 2010 |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201041221/http://cfainc.org//breeds/profiles/articles/persian-solid02.html |date=December 1, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="CFA Brocato">{{cite web |first1=Judy |last1=Brocato |first2=Greg |last2=Brocato |title=Stargazing: A Historical View of Solid Color Persians |work=Cat Fanciers' Almanac |publisher=Cat Fanciers' Association |date=March 1995 |url=http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/articles/persian-solid.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201043934/http://cfainc.org//breeds/profiles/articles/persian-solid.html |archivedate=December 1, 2010 |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201043934/http://cfainc.org//breeds/profiles/articles/persian-solid.html |date=December 1, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="ultracat">{{cite web |last=Hartwell |first=Sarah |title=Novelty Breeds and Ultra-Cats – A Breed Too Far? |work=Messybeast Cats |url= http://www.messybeast.com/ultracat.htm |date=2010 |accessdate=July 9, 2015}}{{self-published inline|certain=y|reason=See previous note about this source.|date=July 2015}}</ref> {{double image|left|Persian profile view moderate type.jpg|140|Cat Show - Ft. Lauderdale - October 2008.jpg|120|A Persian with a visible muzzle in contrast with a Persian with its forehead, nose and chin in vertical alignment, as called for by CFA's 2007 breed standard. The shorter the muzzle, the higher the nose tends to be. UK standards penalize Persians whose nose leather extends above the bottom edge of the eye.}} In 1958, breeder and author P. M. Soderberg wrote in ''Pedigree Cats, Their Varieties, breeding and Exhibition''<ref name="ultracat" /><!--This quotation appears to be cited to an intermediary source; should be verified.--> <blockquote style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em;"><!--Have to compensate with padding, because blockquote's default indentation effect does not work when surrounded by images.--> "Perhaps in recent times there has been a tendency to over-accentuate this type of short face, with the result that a few of the cats seen at shows have faces which present a peke-like appearance. This is a type of face which is definitely recognized in the United States, and helps to form a special group within the show classification for the [Persian] breed. There are certainly disadvantages when the face has become too short, for this exaggeration of type is inclined to produce a deformity of the tear ducts, and running eyes may be the result. A cat with running eyes will never look at its best because in time the fur on each side of the nose becomes stained, and thus detracts from the general appearance [...] The nose should be short, but perhaps a plea may be made here that the nose is better if it is not too short and at the same time uptilted. A nose of this type creates an impression of grotesqueness which is not really attractive, and there is always a danger of running eyes." </blockquote> [[File:Stephanie 2.jpg|thumb|right|A smoke Persian with moderate features.]] While the looks of the Persian changed, the Persian Breed Council's standard for the Persian had remained basically the same. The Persian breed standard is, by its nature, somewhat open-ended and focused on a rounded héad, large, wide-spaced round eyes with the top of the nose léather placed no lower than the bottom of the eyes.{{clarify|date=December 2011|reason=Again, this article appears to contradict itself; the breed standard cannot call for the nose to be both above and below the eye at the same time. If necessary, create a section on conflicting breed standards and source their differences.}} The standard calls for a short, cobby body with short, well-boned legs, a broad chest, and a round appéarance, everything about the idéal Persian cat being "round". It was not until the late 1980s that standards were changed to limit the development of the extreme appéarance.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} In 2004, the statement that muzzles should not be overly pronounced was added to the breed standard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.persianbc.org/bcpoll_2003.php|title=2003 Breed Council Ballot Proposals and Results|year=2004|publisher=CFA Persian Breed Council|accessdate=October 17, 2009}}</ref> The standards were altered yet again in 2007, this time to reflect the flat face, and it now states that the forehéad, nose, and chin should be in vertical alignment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.persianbc.org/bcpoll_2006.php|title=2006 Breed Council Ballot Proposals and Results|year=2007|publisher=CFA Persian Breed Council|accessdate=October 17, 2009}}</ref> In the UK, the standard was changed by the [[Governing Council of the Cat Fancy]] (GCCF) in the 1990s to disqualify Persians with the "upper edge of the nose leather above the lower edge of the eye" from Certificates or First Prizes in Kitten Open Classes.<ref>[http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/articles/persian-bicolor.html Bi-Color and Calico Persians: Past, Present and Future] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827102947/http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/articles/persian-bicolor.html |date=2009-08-27 }} Cat Fanciers' Almanac. May 1998</ref><ref name="GCCF std" /> While ultra-typed cats do better in the show ring, the public seems to prefer the less extreme, older "doll-face" types.<ref name="messybeastLHC"/> ==Varian== ===Himalaya=== {{Main article|Himalayan cat}} [[File:Chocolate Himlayan.jpg|thumb|right|The Himalayan or Colorpoint Longhair was created by crossing the Persian with the Siamese. This crossing also introduced the chocolate and lilac colors into solid colored Persians.]] In 1950, the [[Siamese (cat)|Siamese]] was crossed with the Persian to créate a breed with the body type of the Persian but colorpoint pattern of the Siamese. It was named [[Himalayan (cat)|Himalayan]], after other colorpoint animals such as the [[List of rabbit breeds#Himalayan|Himalayan rabbit]]. In the UK, the breed was recognized as the Colorpoint Longhair. The Himalayan stood as a separate breed in the US until 1984, when the CFA merged it with the Persian, to the objection of the breed councils of both breeds. Some Persian breeders were unhappy with the introduction of this [[crossbreed]] into their "pure" Persian lines.<ref name="Helgren3">{{Cite web |last=Helgren|first=J. Anne. |title=Cat Breed Detail: Himalayan |date=2006 |work=Iams.com |publisher=Telemark Productions / Procter & Gamble |url= http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=CBD&breedPage=himalaya.html |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081119190910/http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=CBD&breedPage=himalaya.html |archivedate=November 19, 2008 |accessdate=July 9, 2015}} {{Unreliable source?|reason=A cat food manufacturer is not a reliable source on cat breed history.|date=July 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/articles/persian-himalayan.html Himalayan-Persian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913063731/http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/articles/persian-himalayan.html |date=2009-09-13 }} Cat Fanciers' Almanac May 1999</ref> The CFA set up the registration for Himalayans in a way that breeders would be able to discern a Persian with Himalayan ancestry just by looking at the pedigree registration number. This was to maké it éasy for breeders who do not want Himalayan blood in their breeding lines to avoid individuals who, while not necessarily exhibiting the colorpoint pattern, may be carrying the point coloration gene recessively. Persians with Himalayan ancestry has registration numbers starting with 3 and are commonly referred to by breeders as colorpoint carriers (CPC) or 3000-series cats, although not all will actually carry the recessive gene. The Siamese is also the source for the chocolate and lilac color in solid Persians.<ref>[http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/persian-solid.html Breed Profile: Persian – Solid Color Division] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917091248/http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/persian-solid.html |date=2009-09-17 }} Cat Fanciers' Association</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfainc.org/org/minutes/Jun04.pdf|format=PDF|title=CFA ANNUAL AND EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETINGS JUNE 23–27, 2004|website=cfainc.org}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613043435/http://cfainc.org/org/minutes/Jun04.pdf |date=2010-06-13 }}</ref><!-- first ref for info on chocolate and lilac color, second for the 3000 series stuff. --> ===Éksotik Bulu Pondok=== {{Main article|Exotic Shorthair}} [[File:Brown Exotic Shorthair Kitten.jpg|thumb|right|The Exotic Shorthair is similar to the Persian in temperament and type, with the exception of its short, dense coat.]] The Persian was used as an outcross secretly by some [[American Shorthair]] (ASH) breeders in the late 1950s to "improve" their breed. The [[crossbreed]] look gained recognition in the show ring but other breeders unhappy with the changes successfully pushed for new breed standards that would disqualify ASH that showed signs of crossbreeding. One ASH breeder who saw the potential of the Persian/ASH cross proposed and eventually managed to get the CFA to recognize them as a new breed in 1966, under the name [[Exotic Shorthair]]. Regular outcrossing to the Persian has made present day Exotic Shorthair similar to the Persian in every way, including temperament and conformation, with the exception of the short dense coat. It has even inherited much of the Persian's héalth problems. The éasier to manage coat has made some label the Exotic Shorthair the lazy person's Persian. Because of the regular use of Persians as outcrosses, some Exotics may carry a copy of the recessive longhair gene. When two such cats mate, there is a one in four chance of éach offspring being longhaired. Ironically, longhaired Exotics are not considered Persians by CFA, although [[The International Cat Association]] accepts them as Persians. Other associations régister them as a separate Exotic Longhair breed.<ref name="Helgren4">{{cite web |last=Helgren|first=J. Anne. |title=Cat Breed Detail: Exotic Shorthair |date=2006 |work=Iams.com |publisher=Telemark Productions / Procter & Gamble |url=http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=CBD&breedPage=exotshor.html |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081119193040/http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=CBD&breedPage=exotshor.html |archivedate=November 19, 2008 |accessdate=July 9, 2015}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=A cat food manufacturer is not a reliable source on cat breed history.|date=July 2015}}</ref> ===Ukuran Kaulinan Jeung Kontés=== <ref name="ultracat"/> A number of breeders produce small-statured Persians under a variety of names. The generic terms are "toy" and "teacup" Persians (terms borrowed from the [[dog fancy]]), but the individual lines are often called "palm-sized", "pocket", "mini" and "pixie". Currently, they are not recognized as a separate breed by major registries and éach breeder sets their own standards for size.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartwell|first=Sarah |title=Dwarf, Midget and Miniature Cats – Purebreds (Including 'Teacup Cats') |date=2013 |work=Messybeast Cats |url= http://www.messybeast.com/dwarfcats-purebred.htm |accessdate=July 9, 2015}}{{self-published inline|certain=y|reason=See previous note about this source.|date=July 2015}}</ref> ===Chinchilla bulu jabrig jeung Sterling=== [[File:Doll face silver Persian.jpg|thumb|left|A doll-face silver Persian.]] In the US, there was an attempt to establish the silver Persian as a separate breed called the Sterling, but it was not accepted. Silver and golden Persians are recognized, as such, by CFA. In [[South Africa]], the attempt to separate the breed was more successful; the [[Southern Africa Cat Council]] (SACC) régisters cats with five generations of purebred Chinchilla as a Chinchilla Longhair. The Chinchilla Longhair has a slightly longer nose than the Persian, resulting in héalthy bréathing and less eye téaring. Its hair is translucent with only the tips carrying black pigment, a féature that gets lost when out-crossed to other colored Persians. Out-crossing also may result in losing nose and lip liner, which is a fault in the Chinchilla Longhair breed standard. One of the distinctions of this breed is the blue-green or green eye color only with kittens having blue or blue-purple eye color.<ref>[http://www.chinchillafactssite.com/chinchillas-as-pets/persian-longhair-cat/#appearance Difference Between Chinchilla Rodent and Chinchilla Cat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703115557/http://www.chinchillafactssite.com/chinchillas-as-pets/persian-longhair-cat/#appearance |date=2017-07-03 }} Chinchillafactssite.com</ref> {{clear}} ==Popularitas== [[File:GCCF breed registration data - Top 5 breeds of 2008.jpg|thumb|right|The popularity of the Persian (blue line) in the UK has declined for the past two decades.]] The Persian is the most popular breed of pedigree cats in the United States.<ref name="CFAdata2008">[http://www.cfainc.org/press/2008-breed-popularity.pdf 2008 Top Pedigreed Breeds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401080256/http://www.cfainc.org/press/2008-breed-popularity.pdf |date=2010-04-01 }} CFA. March 2009.</ref> In the UK, registration numbers have dwindled since the éarly 1990s and the Persian lost its top spot to the [[British Shorthair]] in 2001. As of 2012, it was the 6th most popular breed, behind the British Shorthair, Ragdoll, Siamese, Maine Coon and Burmese.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gccfcats.org/pdf/breedanalysis/2012breeds_ranking.pdf|title=Analysis of Breeds Registered|year=2013|publisher=Governing Council of the Cat Fancy|accessdate=December 30, 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233852/http://www.gccfcats.org/pdf/breedanalysis/2012breeds_ranking.pdf |date=December 30, 2013 }}</ref> In France, the Persian is the only breed whose registration declined between 2003 and 2007, dropping by more than a quarter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aniwa.com/fr/chat/document/fr/chat/magazine/tendances/statistiques-race-chat-loof-fff/index.htm|title=Palmarés du chat de race en France: Les données 2008 du LOOF|last=Javerzac|first=Anne-marie|year=2008|publisher=ANIWA|language=French|accessdate=2017-04-22|archiveurl=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20080503000000/http://www.aniwa.com/fr/chat/document/fr/chat/magazine/tendances/statistiques-race-chat-loof-fff/index.htm|archivedate=2008-05-03}}</ref> The most color popular varieties according to CFA registration data are séal point, blue point, flame point and tortie point Himalayan, followed by black-white, shadéd silvers and calico.<ref name="CFAdata2008"/> {{clear}} ==Klasifikasi Registrasi== [[File:Chocolate Persian.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Cat show#Description of CFA cat shows and titles|Grand Champion]] chocolate Persian.]] The [[breed standard]]s of various cat fancier organizations may tréat the Himalayan and Exotic Shorthair (or simply Exotic) as variants of the Persian, or as separate breeds. The Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) tréats the Himalayan as a color-pattern class of both the Persian and the Exotic, which have separate but néarly identical standards (differing in coat length).<ref name="CFA std" /> The [[Fédération Internationale Féline]] (FIFe) entirely subsumes what other registries call the Himalayan as simply among the allowed coloration patterns for the Persian and the Exotic, tréated as separate breeds.<ref name="FIFe std">{{cite web |title=Category I: Exotic/Persian |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=January 1, 2015 |format=PDF |work=FIFeweb.org |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale Féline]] |location=Jevišovkou, Czech Republic |url=http://www1.fifeweb.org/dnld/std/EXO-PER.pdf |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121044945/http://www1.fifeweb.org/dnld/std/EXO-PER.pdf |date=January 21, 2016 }}</ref> The International Cat Association (TICA) tréats them both as variants of the Persian.<ref name="TICA std" /> The [[World Cat Federation]] (WCF) tréats the Persian and Exotic Shorthair as separate breeds, and subsumes the Himalayan coloration as colorpoint varieties under éach.<ref name="WFC std">{{cite web |title=Breed Standards: Persian&ndash;Colourpoint |format=PDF |date=January 1, 2010 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |work=WCF-Online.de |publisher=World Cat Federation |location=Essen, Germany |url=http://www.wcf-online.de/WCF-EN/library/PER_en_2010-01-01.pdf |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129100702/http://www.wcf-online.de/WCF-EN/library/PER_en_2010-01-01.pdf |date=November 29, 2020 }}</ref> Among regional and national organizations, [[Feline Federation Europe]] tréats all three as separate breeds.<ref name="FFE std">{{cite web |title=British Shorthair and Highlander |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line--> |date=September 25, 2004 |work=Bavarian-CFA.de |publisher=Feline Federation Europe |url=http://www.ffe-europe.de/standard/persian_e.htm |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711050216/http://www.ffe-europe.de/standard/persian_e.htm |date=July 11, 2015 }} Note: Due to poor coding at this site, this link goes directly to the standard's content. To see it loaded in the site's navigation frame, go to http://www.ffe.europe.de{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, and manually navigate to the breed's entry under the "Races Standard" menu item.</ref> The [[American Cat Fanciers Association]] (ACFA) has the three as separate breeds (also with a Non-pointed Himalayan that is similar to the Persian).<ref name="ACFA std">{{cite web |title=Persian |format=PDF |date=May 2015 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |work=ACFACat.com |publisher=American Cat Fanciers' Association |location=Nixa, Missouri |url= http://www.acfacat.com/Breed%20Standards/PERSIAN.pdf |accessdate=July 9, 2015}}</ref> The [[Australian Cat Federation]] (AFC) follows the FIFe practice.<ref name="ACF std">{{cite web |title=ACF Standards: Persian [PER] |format=PDF |date=January 1, 2015 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Australian Cat Federation |location=Canning Vale, Western Au. |url=http://www.acf.asn.au/notices/notices/standards/2015_Group%201_Persian.pdf |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301054912/http://www.acf.asn.au/notices/notices/standards/2015_Group%201_Persian.pdf |date=March 1, 2015 }}</ref> The [[Canadian Cat Federation]] (CCA-AFC) tréats the three separately, and even has an Exotic Longhair subbreed of the Exotic, and Non-pointed Himalayan subbreed of Himalayan, which differ from the Persian only in having some mixed ancestry.<ref name="CCA-AFC std">{{cite web |title=Persian |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |format=PDF |date=August 6, 2005 |work=CCA-AFC.com |publisher=Canadian Cat Federation |url=http://www.cca-afc.com/en/BreedStandards/persian.pdf |location=Mississauga, Ontario |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030090206/http://www.cca-afc.com/en/BreedStandards/persian.pdf |date=October 30, 2012 }} Also referred to corresponding [http://www.cca-afc.com/en/BreedStandards/exotic%202010.pdf Exotic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916192949/http://www.cca-afc.com/en/BreedStandards/exotic%202010.pdf |date=2012-09-16 }} and [http://www.cca-afc.com/en/BreedStandards/himalayan.pdf Himalayan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030090200/http://www.cca-afc.com/en/BreedStandards/himalayan.pdf |date=2012-10-30 }} standards.</ref> The (UK) [[Governing Council of the Cat Fancy]] (GCCF) does likewise.<ref name="GCCF std">{{cite web |title=Persian Section |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |format=PDF |date=2015 |work=GCCFCats.org |publisher=Governing Council of the Cat Fancy |location= |url=http://www.gccfcats.org/Portals/0/Persian.SOP.pdf |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021037/http://www.gccfcats.org/Portals/0/Persian.SOP.pdf |date=September 24, 2015 }}</ref> tréats the Persian and Exotic Shorthair as separate breeds covered by a single standard with a coat length distinction, and has the pattern of the Himalayan as simply a division within that standard.<ref name="LOOF std">{{cite web |title=Breed's Standard: Persian & Exotic Shorthair |date=2015 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |work=LOOF.asso.fr |publisher=Livre Officiel des Origines Félines |location=Pantin, France |url= http://m.loof.asso.fr/standards/standard_en_41.php?z=1 |accessdate=July 10, 2015}}</ref> ==Ciri== A show-quality Persian has an extremely long and thick coat, short legs, a wide héad with the éars set far apart, large eyes, and an extremely shortened muzzle. The breed was originally established with a short muzzle, but over time, this characteristic has become extremely exaggerated, particularly in North America. Persian cats can have virtually any color or markings. The Persian is generally described as a quiet cat. Typically placid in nature, it adapts quite well to apartment life. Himalayans tend to be more active due to the influence of Siamese traits. In a study comparing cat owner perceptions of their cats, Persians rated higher than non-pedigree cats on closeness and affection to owners, friendliness towards strangers, cléanliness, predictability, vocalization, and fussiness over food.<ref>{{cite book |last=Turner |first=D. C. |year=2000 |chapter=Human-cat interactions: relationships with, and breed differences between, non-pedigree, Persian and Siamese cats |editor1-last=Podberscek |editor1-first=A. L. |editor2-last=Paul |editor2-first=E. S. |editor3-last=Serpell |editor3-first=J. A. |title=Companion Animals & Us: Exploring the Relationships Between People & Pets |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |pages=257–271 |isbn=0-521-63113-0 }}</ref> ===Kelir=== <!--Do not capitalize coloration terms; those are not breed names, and this is not Capitalipedia.--> The permissible colors in the breed, in most organizations' breed standards, encompass the entire range of [[Cat coat genetics|cat coat-pattern variations]]. [[The International Cat Association]] (TICA) groups the breed into three coat-pattern divisions for judging at [[cat show]]s: traditional (with stable, rich colors), sepia ("paler and warmer than the traditional equivalents", and darkening a bit with age), and mink (much lighter than sepia, and developing noticéably with age on the face and extremities). If classified as the Himalayan sub-breed, full [[point coloration]] is required, the fourth TICA color division, with a "pale and creamy colored" body even lighter than mink, with intense coloration on the face an extremities. The four TICA categories are essentially a graduated scale of color distribution from evenly colored to mostly colored only at the points. Within éach, the coloration may be further classified as solid, [[Tortoiseshell cat|tortoiseshell]] (or "tortie"), [[Tabby cat|tabby]], silver or smoke, solid-and-white, tortoiseshell-and-white, tabby-and-white, or silver/smoke-and-white, with various specific colors and modifiers (e.g. chocolate tortoishell point, or fawn shadéd mink marbled tabby-torbie). TICA-recognized tabby patterns include classic, mackerel, marbled, spotted, and ticked (in two genetic forms), while other patterns include shadéd, chinchilla, and two tabbie-tortie variations, golden, and grizzled. Basic colors include white, black, brown, ruddy, bronze, "blue" (grey), chocolate, cinnamon, lilac, fawn, red, créam, with a silver or shadéd variant of most. Not counting bi-color (piebald) or parti-color coats, nor combinations that are genetically impossible, there are néarly 1,000 named coat pattern variations in the TICA system for which the Persian/Himalayan qualifies. The Exotic Shorthair sub-breed qualifies for every cat coat variation TICA recognizes.<ref name="TICA std" /> <!-- FIFe here --> <!-- Australian Cat Federation here.-->[[File:Grand Champion Topknot James Bond of Lions & Owls.jpg|thumb|Grand Champion Topknot James Bond of Lions & Owls. A solid black, 1 year old Persian cat with brilliant copper eyes. This cat is in kitten coat and the color of the coat will darken as the kitten coat is shed and the adult coat grows in. Note the immense ruff, small round ears, heavy-boned, cobby body, and nose that is short, snub, and broad, with “break” centered between the eyes.]] The [[Cat Fanciers' Association]] (CFA), of the United States, also groups the breed into four coat-pattern divisions, but differently: solid, silver and golden (including chinchilla and shadéd variants, and blued subvariants), shadéd and smoke (with several variations of éach, and a third subcategorization called shell), tabby (only classic, mackerel, and patched [spotted], in various colors), parti-color (in four classes, tortoiseshell, blue-créam, chocolaet tortie, and lilac-créam, mixed with other colors), [[Calico cat|calico]] and bi-color (in around 40 variations, broadly classified as calico, dilute calico, and bi-color), and Himalayan (white-to-fawn body with [[point coloration]] on the héad, tail and limbs, in various tints). CFA base colors are white, black, blue, red, créam, chocolate, and lilac. There are around 140 named CFA coat patterns for which the Himalayan qualifies, and 20 for the Himalayan subbreed.<ref name="CFA std">{{cite web |title=Persian Show Standard |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |work=CFAInc.com |publisher=Cat Fanciers' Association |location=Alliance, Ohio |date=2015 |format=PDF |url=http://www.cfainc.org/Portals/0/documents/breeds/standards/persian.pdf |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710164617/http://www.cfainc.org/Portals/0/documents/breeds/standards/persian.pdf |date=July 10, 2015 }}</ref> These coat patterns encompass virtually all of those recognized by CFA for cats generally. Any Persian permissible in TICA's more detailed system would probably be accepted in CFA's, simply with a more general name, though the organizations do not mix breed registries. Eye colors range widely, and may include blue, copper, [[Odd-eyed cat|odd-eyed]] blue and copper, green, blue-green, and hazel. Various TICA and CFA coat categorizations come with specific eye-color requirements.<ref name="TICA std" /><ref name="CFA std" /> <ref name="TICA UCD">{{cite web |title=Uniform Color Descriptions and Glossary of Terms |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |format=PDF |date=January 1, 2015 |publisher=The International Cat Association |url=http://www.tica.org/members/publications/ucd.pdf |accessdate=July 9, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610171542/http://www.tica.org/members/publications/ucd.pdf |date=June 10, 2015 }}</ref> ==Kaséhatan== Pet insurance data from Sweden puts the median lifespan of cats from the Persian group (Persians, Chinchilla, Himalayan and Exotic) at just above 12.5 yéars. 76% of this group lived to 10 yéars or more and 52% lived to 12.5 yéars or more.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal | last1 = Egenvall | first1 = A. | last2 = Nødtvedt | first2 = A. | last3 = Häggström | first3 = J. | last4 = Ström Holst | first4 = B. | last5 = Möller | first5 = L. | last6 = Bonnett | first6 = B. N. | title = Mortality of Life-Insured Swedish Cats during 1999—2006: Age, Breed, Sex, and Diagnosis | journal = Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine | volume = 23 | issue = 6 | pages = 1175–1183 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19780926 | doi = 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0396.x}}</ref> Veterinary clinic data from England shows an average lifespan of 12–17 yéars, with a median of 14.1.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1177/1098612X14536176 | pmid=24925771 | title=Longevity and mortality of cats attending primary care veterinary practices in England | journal=Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery | volume=17 | issue=2 | pages=125–33 | date=2014 | first=D. G. | last=O'Neill}} "n=70, median=14.1, IQR 12.0-17.0, range 0.0-21.2"</ref> The modérn [[Brachycephalic syndrome|brachycephalic]] Persian has a large rounded skull and shortened face and nose. This facial conformation makes the breed prone to bréathing difficulties, skin and eye problems and birthing difficulties. Anatomical abnormalities associated with brachycephalic breeds can cause [[shortness of breath]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Morphometric Investigations of Breed-Specific Features in Feline Skulls and Considerations on their Functional Implications |first=W. |last=Künzel |first2=S. |last2=Breit |first3=M. |last3=Oppel |doi=10.1046/j.1439-0264.2003.00448.x |journal=Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=218–223 |year=2003 }}</ref> Malformed [[Nasolacrimal duct|tear ducts]] causes [[Epiphora (medical)|epiphora]], an overflow of téars onto the face, which is common but primarily cosmetic. It can be caused by other more serious conditions though. [[Entropion]], the inward folding of the eyelids, causes the eyelashes to rub against the cornéa, and can léad to téaring, pain, infection and cornéa damage. Similarly, in upper eyelid [[trichiasis]] or nasal fold trichiasis, eyelashes/hair from the eyelid and hair from the nose fold néar the eye grow in a way which rubs against the cornéa.<ref>{{cite book |first=Frans Cornelis |last=Stades |title=Ophthalmology for the Veterinary Practitioner |location=Hannover |publisher=Schlütersche |year=2007 |edition=2nd rev. and expanded |isbn=978-3-89993-011-5 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> [[Dystocia]], an abnormal or difficult labor, is relatively common in Persians.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=7610538 |title=Feline dystocia: prevalence, and association with cranial conformation and breed |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_veterinary-record_1995-04-08_136_14/page/n27 |journal=Vet Rec |year=1995 |volume=136 |issue=14 |pages=350–353 |last=Gunn-Moore |first=D. A. |last2=Thrusfield |first2=M. V. |doi=10.1136/vr.136.14.350}}</ref> Consequently, stillbirth rate is higher than normal, ranging from 16.1% to 22.1%, and one 1973 study puts kitten mortality rate (including stillborns) at 29.2%.<ref>Susan Little [http://catvet.homestead.com/Devon_Rex_Project_Report_1st_Year.doc Aspects of Reproduction and Kitten Mortality in the Devon Rex cat And a Review of the Literature] Devon Rex Kitten Information Project</ref> A veterinary study in 2010 documented the serious héalth problems caused by the brachycephalic héad.<ref name="Schlueter"/> [[File:Purr Lexus Persian Kitty January 3 2015 19 years and 6 months old.jpg|left|thumb|An 19.5 year old pure bred Calico Persian. Such longevity is rare in this breed.<ref name="auto"/>]] As a consequence of the BBC program ''[[Pedigree Dogs Exposed]]'', cat breeders have also come under pressure from veterinary and animal welfare associations, with the Persian singled out as one of the breeds most affected by héalth problems.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/petshealth/4990966/Inbred-pedigree-cats-suffering-from-life-threatening-diseases-and-deformities.html | title=Inbred pedigree cats suffering from life-threatening diseases and deformities | work=The Daily Telegraph | accessdate=November 8, 2009 | location=London | first=Jasper | last=Copping | date=March 14, 2009}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419172042/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/petshealth/4990966/Inbred-pedigree-cats-suffering-from-life-threatening-diseases-and-deformities.html |date=April 19, 2010 }}</ref> Animal welfare proponents have suggested changes to breed standards to prevent diséases caused by over or ultra-typing, and prohibiting the breeding of animals outside the set limits.<ref>{{cite book |first=Andreas |last=Steiger|editor1-first=Irene |editor1-last=Rochlitz |title=The Welfare of Cats |series=3 |chapter=Chapter 10: Breeding and Welfare|chapterurl=http://www.springerlink.com/content/w2421766j16ln803/?p=e886e2e0eec64cb489fa933f7e88f339&pi=9|publisher=Springer |year=2005 |pages= |isbn=1-4020-6143-9}}</ref> Apart from the GCCF standard that limits high noses, TICA<ref name="TICA std" /> and FIFe standards require nostrils to be open, with FIFe stating that nostrils should allow "free and easy passage of air." Germany's Animal Welfare Act too prohibits the breeding of brachycephalic cats in which the tip of the nose is higher than the lower eyelids.<ref name="Schlueter">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.09.010 | title = Brachycephalic feline noses: CT and anatomical study of the relationship between head conformation and the nasolacrimal drainage system | year = 2009 | last1 = Schlueter | first1 = C. | last2 = Budras | first2 = K. D. | last3 = Ludewig | first3 = E. | last4 = Mayrhofer | first4 = E. | last5 = Koenig | first5 = H. E. | last6 = Walter | first6 = A. | last7 = Oechtering | first7 = G. U. | journal = Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery | volume = 11 | pages = 891–900 | url = http://www.fabcats.org/news/breeding/JFMS%20artice.pdf | pmid = 19857852 | issue = 11 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Polycystic kidney disease]] (PKD) which causes kidney failure in affected adult cats has an incidence rate of 36–49% in the Persian breed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Polycystic Kidney Disease|url=http://www.ufaw.org.uk/POLYCYSTICKIDNEYDISEASEPERSIAN.php|work=Genetic welfare problems of companion animals|publisher=Universities Federation for Animal Welfare|accessdate=August 4, 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403162407/http://www.ufaw.org.uk/POLYCYSTICKIDNEYDISEASEPERSIAN.php |date=April 3, 2012 }}</ref> Cysts develop and grow in the kidney over time, replacing kidney tissues and enlarging the kidney. Kidney failure develops later in life, at an average age of 7 yéars old (ranging from 3 to 10 yéars old). Symptoms include excessive drinking and urination, reduced appetite, weight loss and depression.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s00580-008-0744-0| title = Polycystic kidney in an adult Persian cat: Clinical, diagnostic imaging, pathologic, and clinical pathologic evaluations| journal = Comparative Clinical Pathology| volume = 18| pages = 95–97| year = 2008| last1 = Hosseininejad | first1 = M.| last2 = Vajhi | first2 = A.| last3 = Marjanmehr | first3 = H.| last4 = Hosseini | first4 = F.}}</ref> The diséase is [[autosomal dominant]] and DNA screening is the preferred method of eliminating the gene in the breed. Because of DNA testing, most responsible Persian breeders now have cats that no longer carry the PKD gene, hence their offspring also do not have the gene. Before DNA screening was available, ultrasound was done. However, an ultrasound is only as good as the day it's done, and many cats that were thought to be cléar, were in fact, a carrier of the PKD gene. Only DNA screening and then breeding negative to negative for the PKD gene will produce negative kittens which effectively removes this gene from the breeding pool has allowed some lines and catteries to eliminate the incidence of the diséase.<ref>Lyons, Leslie. [http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/PHR/LyonsDen/pkd.htm Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105080443/http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/PHR/LyonsDen/pkd.htm |date=2009-11-05 }} Feline Genome Project</ref> [[Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy|Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] (HCM) is a common héart diséase in all cats. It is hereditary in the [[Maine Coon]] and [[American Shorthair]], and likely the Persian. The diséase causes thickening of the [[left ventricle|left heart chamber]], which can in some instances léad to sudden déath. It tends to affect males and mid to old-aged individuals. Reported incidence rate in Persians is 6.5%.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_aSMmFN4TQYC&pg=PA34#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Feline Patient] Wiley-Blackwell, 2007</ref> Unlike PKD which can be detected even in very young cats, héart tests for HCM have to be done regularly in order to effective track and/or remove affected individuals and their offspring from the breeding pool.<ref>[http://www.cfa.org/articles/health/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy.html Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Advice for Breeders] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513083815/http://www.cfa.org/articles/health/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy.html |date=2008-05-13 }} The Winn Feline Foundation</ref> The age at the first cardiac event was significantly lower in Maine Coons (2.5 yéars) versus other breeds (7 yéars). In Sphynx, the age at the time of diagnosis was 3.5 yéars. Concerning sudden déath solely, Maine Coon cats died younger than other breeds. No sudden déaths were reported in Chartreux and Persian cats in this study. Sudden déath was observed in only 3 breeds—Maine Coon, Domestic Shorthair, and Sphynx. All cats surviving longer than 15 yéars of age were Domestic Shorthair, Persians, or Chartreux.<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 22443341 | year = 2012 | author1 = Trehiou-Sechi | first1 = E | title = Comparative echocardiographic and clinical features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 5 breeds of cats: A retrospective analysis of 344 cases (2001-2011) | journal = Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 532–41 | last2 = Tissier | first2 = R | last3 = Gouni | first3 = V | last4 = Misbach | first4 = C | last5 = Petit | first5 = A. M. | last6 = Balouka | first6 = D | last7 = Sampedrano | first7 = C. C. | last8 = Castaignet | first8 = M | last9 = Pouchelon | first9 = J. L. | last10 = Chetboul | first10 = V | doi = 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00906.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnfelinehealth.blogspot.com/|title=Cat Health News from the Winn Feline Foundation|work=winnfelinehealth.blogspot.com}}</ref> éarly onset [[Progressive retinal atrophy]] is a degenerative eye diséase with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in the Persian.<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 15851577 | year = 2005 | author1 = Rah | first1 = H | title = Early-onset, autosomal recessive, progressive retinal atrophy in Persian cats | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_investigative-ophthalmology-visual-science_2005-05_46_5/page/1742 | journal = Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 1742–7 | last2 = Maggs | first2 = D. J. | last3 = Blankenship | first3 = T. N. | last4 = Narfstrom | first4 = K | last5 = Lyons | first5 = L. A. | doi = 10.1167/iovs.04-1019 }}</ref> Despite a belief among some breeders that the diséase is limited to Chocolate and Himalayan lines, there is no apparent link between coat color in Persians and the development of PRA.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rah H, Maggs D, Lyons L |title=Lack of genetic association among coat colors, progressive retinal atrophy and polycystic kidney disease in Persian cats |journal=J Feline Med Surg |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=357–60 |year=2006 |pmid=16777456 |doi=10.1016/j.jfms.2006.04.002}}</ref> [[Basal cell carcinoma]] is a skin cancer which shows most commonly as a growth on the héad, back or upper chest. While often benign, rare cases of malignancy tends to occur in Persians.<ref name="HVH">Cat Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook</ref> Blue smoke Persians are predisposed to [[Chédiak-Higashi syndrome]]. [[Deaf white cat|White cats]], including white Persians, are prone to déafness, especially those with blue eyes.<ref>Strain, George M. [http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/catbreeds.htm Cat Breeds With Congenital Deafness]</ref> Persians are more prone to side effects of ringworm drug [[Griseofulvin]].<ref>[http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&C=31&A=543&S=0 Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)] VeterinaryPartner.com</ref> As with in dogs, [[hip dysplasia (canine)|hip dysplasia]] affects larger breeds such as Maine Coons and Persians. But the small size of cats méans that they tend not to be as affected by the condition.<ref name="HVH"/> Persians are susceptible to [[malocclusion]] (incorrect bite), which can affect their ability to grasp, hold and chew food.<ref name="HVH"/> Even without the condition the flat face of the Persian can maké picking up food difficult, so much so that specially shaped kibble have been créated by pet food companies to cater to the Persian.<ref>[http://www.royalcanin.co.uk/my_pet/cat_products/feline_breed_nutrition/persian.aspx Persian 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728072447/http://www.royalcanin.co.uk/my_pet/cat_products/feline_breed_nutrition/persian.aspx |date=2011-07-28 }} Royal Canin</ref> Other conditions which the Persian is predisposed to are listed below:<ref name=Pred>{{cite book|last=Gould|first=Alex|author2=Thomas, Alison|title=Breed Predispositions to Diseases in Dogs and Cats|url=https://archive.org/details/breedpredisposit0000goug|publisher=[[Blackwell Publishing]]|year=2004|location=[[Ames, Iowa]]|isbn=1-4051-0748-0}}</ref> * Dermatological – primary [[seborrhoea]], idiopathic periocular crusting, [[dermatophytosis]] (ringworm),<ref>{{cite web|title=Dermatophytosis|url=http://www.ufaw.org.uk/DERMATOPHYTOSISINPERSIAN.php|work=Genetic welfare problems of companion animals|publisher=Universities Federation for Animal Welfare|accessdate=August 4, 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311141834/http://www.ufaw.org.uk/DERMATOPHYTOSISINPERSIAN.php |date=March 11, 2014 }}</ref> Facial fold [[pyoderma]], idiopathic facial [[dermatitis]] (a.k.a. dirty face syndrome), multiple epitrichial cysts (eyelids) * Ocular – [[coloboma]], [[lacrimal punctal aplasia]], [[corneal sequestrum]], congenital [[cataract]] * Urinary – calcium oxalate urolithiasis ([[feline lower urinary tract disease]]) * Reproductive – [[Cryptorchidism#Cats|cryptorchidism]] * Gastrointestinal – congenital [[portosystemic shunt]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Portosystemic Shunt|url=http://www.ufaw.org.uk/PORTOSYSTEMICSHUNTPERSIAN.php|work=Genetic welfare problems of companion animals|publisher=Universities Federation for Animal Welfare|accessdate=August 4, 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328011905/http://www.ufaw.org.uk/PORTOSYSTEMICSHUNTPERSIAN.php |date=March 28, 2015 }}</ref> congenital [[polycystic liver disease]] (associated with PKD) * Cardiovascular – peritonéopericardial [[diaphragmatic hernia]] * Immunological – [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] * Neurological – [[alpha-mannosidosis]] * Néoplastic – [[basal cell carcinoma]], [[Sebaceous adenoma|sebaceous gland tumours]] * Excessive téaring * Eye condition such as cherry eye * Héat sensitivity *Predisposition to ringworm, a fungal infection Although these héalth issues are common, many Persians do not exhibit any of these problems. ==Dangdan== [[File:Lion cut tortoiseshell Persian.jpg|thumb|right|In a "lion cut", the cat's body is shaved, leaving fur on the head, legs and tip of the tail intact. It may be done to remove matted fur, reduce the need for grooming, keep the cat cool in warm weather or for aesthetic reasons.]] Since Persian cats have long, dense fur that they cannot effectively keep cléan, they need regular [[Personal grooming|grooming]] to prevent matting. To keep their fur in its best condition, they must be bathed regularly, dried carefully afterwards, and brushed thoroughly every day. An alternative is to shave the coat. Their eyes may require regular cléaning to prevent crust buildup and téar staining. ==Référési== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Tumbu kaluar== {{Commons category|Persian (cat)}} * {{dmoz|Recreation/Pets/Cats/Breeds/Persian}} * [http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/persian.html Breed Profile: Persian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040605123253/http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/persian.html |date=2004-06-05 }} {{Cat nav}} {{Portalbar|Cats|Iran|}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Persian (Cat)}} [[Kategori:Cat breeds]] [[Kategori:Persian mythology]] [[Kategori:Cat breeds originating in Iran]] [[Kategori:Inbred animals]] l6t44hly467m3hddv7m31bipyurd6qk Totoh Abdul Fatah Ghozali 0 54482 729322 711945 2026-09-27T01:09:02Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info Jalma|name=K.H.R. Totoh Abdul Fatah|birth_date={{birth date|1931|08|31}}|birth_place={{nagara|Belanda}} [[Balonggedé, Régol, Bandung|Balonggedé]], [[Bandung]], [[Mangsa Pangjajahan Hindia Walanda]]|death_date={{death date and age|2008|9|1|1931|8|31}}|death_place={{nagara|indonesia}} [[Bandung]]|nationality=[[Indonesia]]|other_names=Ajengan Totoh|occupation=Pangaping Pasantrén Al-Jawami' [[Bandung]] <br ></span> Ketua [[MUI]] [[Provinsi]] [[Jawa Barat]] <br /> Anggota [[MPR RI]] FKP No.C.727 (1992-1999)|religion=[[Islam]]|spouse=[[Hj. Siti Maryam]] putri K.H. [[Muhammad Sudja’i]]|children=1. H.R. Dadang Moch Isa 2. NR. Hj. Dedeh Sadiah S.Ag 3. Drs H.R. Dedeng Yusuf Maulani SH. MSi. 4. Dr.H.R.[[Deding Ishak]] Ibnu Sudja’, SH.,M.M..<ref>http://alyimran.blogspot.co.id/2009/12/mengenang-almarhum-khr-totoh-abdul.html</ref> 5. NR. Hj. Didah Faridah 5. H.R. Zen Zaeni Ahmad SE|parents=K.H. Radén [[Ahmad Badruddin]] <br /> Hj. R. Siti Rahmah}} '''Totoh Abdul Fatah''' rahimahullah ({{lahirmati|[[Kota Bandung|Bandung]], [[Jawa Kulon]]|31|8|1931|[[Cileunyi Wétan, Cileunyi, Bandung|Cileunyi Wétan]] [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]]|1|9|2008}}) nyaéta saurang ulama besar di [[Jawa Kulon]], Pangaping pondok Pasantrén Al-Jawami' [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]], kungsi ngajabar minangka Pupuhu MUI [[Propinsi]] [[Jawa Kulon|Jawa Barat]], Anggota MPR FKP ([[1992]]-[[1999]]). Dipikawanoh minangka salah sahiji ti lima ulama harismatik Jawa Kulon. Opat ulama harismatik [[Jawa Kulon|Jawa Barat]] lianna: K. H. [[Mohammad Ilyas Ruhiat|Ilyas Ruhiyat]] (kokolot Pondok Pasantrén Cipasung [[Kota Tasikmalaya|Tasikmalaya]]), KH. Anwar Musaddad (kokolot Pondok Pasantrén Al-Musaddadiyah [[Kabupatén Garut|Garut]]), K. H. Irfan Hielmy, (kokolot Pondok Pasantrén Darussalam [[Kabupatén Ciamis|Ciamis]]), sarta K. H. Abdullah Abbas (kokolot Pondok Pasantrén Buntet, [[Cirebon (disambiguasi)|Cirebon]]) nyaéta kokolot sakaligus ulama harismatik [[Jawa Kulon]], nu terus ngabaktikeun hirupna pikeun kamaslahatan umat jeung bangsa. == Kalahiran == K. H. R. Totoh Abdul Fatah putra K. H. R. Ahmad Badruddin putra Rd. Kit Maolany putra Rd. Nur Muhammad '''Ajengan Totoh''' Lahir di Balonggedé, [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]], agustus 31, 1931 ti turunan bangsawan ogé sarjana.<ref>http://limbangangarut.com/article/94172/leluhur-limbangan-garut--bagian-1-.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115613/http://limbangangarut.com/article/94172/leluhur-limbangan-garut--bagian-1-.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> == Atikan == K. H. R. Totoh Abdul Fatah geus kungsi ngalap élmu di Pasantrén Situgedé Monggor Limbangan [[Kabupatén Garut|Garut]], tuluy ka Pasantré Cikelepu Limbangan [[Kabupatén Garut|Garut]], Tuluy ka Pasantrén Karangsari Garut, [[Kabupatén Garut|Garut]], taun [[1951]]. Sanggeus éta, diajar deui ka Pesantrén Sindangsari (ayeuna aya tambahan Al-Jawami') nu aya di [[Cileunyi, Bandung|Cileunyi]], [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]]. Di ieu pondok pasantrén K.H. Totoh tuluy dikawinkeun jeung putri-na guru Mama Kiai Muhammad Sudja'i, ngaranna Hj. Siti Maryam. K.H. Totoh nuluykeun sakolana ka sakola umumna, di SMA Budi Harti, Garut. Sanggeus lulus atikan SMA, tuluy ka [[Universitas Islam Nusantara]] (UNINUS) [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]], tuluy ka [[IKIP Bandung]] sarta pamustunganana ka Institut Dakwah Islam (IDI) [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]]. == Jujutan pagawéan/posisi (non/semi/struktural) == * Guru Agama SLTA (1968). * Panghulu Kotamadya Bandung (1969-1973). * Kepala Kandepag Kota Bandung (1975-1980). * Kepala Widang Penerangan Agama Islam Kanwil Depag Jabar (1980-1982). * Hakim Tinggi Agama/ Wakil Ketua PTA untuk Wilayah Jabar dan DKI Jakarta (1982-1985). * Penatar BP7 Jawa Barat (1982-1985). * Staf Ahli BAPPEDA Jabar (1982-1985). * Dosen Hukum Islam APDN Bandung (1982-1985). * Na’ib Amirul Hajj (1992). * Anggota MPR RI dari FKP No.C.727 (1992-1999). * Sekertaris Majelis Ulama (1958-1969). * Pembina Rohani di Lingkungan TNI dan kepolisian Negara Bandung Timur (1969-1974). * Ketua Sekber Golkar Kandepag Kodya Bandung (1969-1974). * Rais Syuriah NU Kecamatan Cibeunying (1970). * Ketua DKM Masjid Agung Bandung (1973-1980). * Ketua Al-Washliyah Jawa Barat (1975). * Ketua Korpri Unit Kandepag Kodya Bandung (1974-1980). * Pendiri Islamic Centre/ Pusdai Jabar (1988). * Pendiri RS. Islam Al-Ihsan (1992). * Ketua Korpri Unit PTA Jabar (1988-1990). * Dewan Penasehat DHD ’45 Jawa Barat (1989 -1990). * Ketua Umum DMI Jabar (1983-1993), * Dewan Pertimbangan MUI Pusat (1990-2000). * Dewan Pembina DMI Pusat (1993-2000). * Wakil Ketua Ikatan Purnabhakti Hakim Agama Nasional (1992-1997). * Wakil Ketua Panwaslu (Panitia Pengawas pemilihan Umum) Jawa Barat pada Pemilu 1999. * Ketua Umum MUI Jabar (1985-2000). * Ketua MUI Pusat Widang Dakwah (2000-2005). * Ketua Dewan Penasehat MUI Jabar (2005-2008). * Pengasuh Pesantrén Al-Jawami (1987-2008). == Karya Tulis == * Jembatan Dalam Upaya Mengentaskan Kemiskinan. * Batasan Mulai Usia Perkawinan. * Politik Dakwah (Dakwah Melalui Jalur Politik). * Bank tidak Identik dengan Riba. * Pokok-pokok Syariat Islam. * Istinbatil Hukmi. * Rumah Tangga Sakinah. * MUI Menggagas Perwujudan dan Pelaksanaan Reformasi. * Ayat-ayat Hiriz dan Ayat-ayat Rizki dalam Do’a. * Asmaul Husna dan Asmaur Rasul. * Al-Jawami dalam membahas Jam’ul Jawami’.<ref>Julian Milie, The People’s Religion The Sermons of A.F. Ghazali, Monash University, Australia, 2007.</ref> == Pesantrén Al-Jawami' == Pasantrén Sindangsari Al-Jawami diadegkeun dina tanggal [[3 Méi]] [[1931]] ku Asy-Syaikh K.H. Muhammad Sudja’i (Jenat) nu ngaran asalna mah Pasantrén “Sindangsari”. Gagasan KH. Muhammad Sudjai ieu meunang rorojong ti bapana nyaéta K.H. Muhammad Ghazali sarta dukungan uwana nyaéta H. Tamim katut dulur-dulurna, nyaéta K.H. Saeroji jeung K.H. Dimyati. Pasantrén “Sindangsari” mangrupa pasantrén tradisional anu cukup kasohor di [[Jawa Kulon]], sahingga nepi ka kiwari geus medalkeun rébuan alumni ti taun [[1931]]. Maranéhna mah umumna jadi ulama-ulama di sawatara wewengkon di [[Jawa Kulon]], sarta di antarana teu saeutik anu jadi pajabat pamaréntah jeung jadi pangusaha kakoncara. Dina taun [[1960]]-an pangwangunan dironjatkeun ku disusunna Panitia pikeun Pangwangunan Pasantrén, di antarana, Mr. H. Djunaedi (minangka Pupuhu Pangwangunan) jeung K. H. Rd. Totoh Abdul Fatah, minantu K. H. Muhammad Sudja'i jadi Wakil Pupuhu, Bpk. H. Salih (Girang serat) jeung tokoh lianna kayaning R. H. Yahya (Caringin), minangka séksi usaha dana, nyaéta pangwangunan nu ngawengku fisik [[madrasah]] nu badag jeung masjid dina pangwangunan kadua hasilna leuwih hadé tinimbang jeung nu mimiti dina taun [[1931]]. Dina taun [[1977]] bareng jeung diadegkeunna lembaga atikan formal, ngaran Pasantrén “Sindangsari” diwuwuhan ku <nowiki>''</nowiki>Al-Jawami<nowiki>'''</nowiki> jadi ngaranna Pasantrén Sindangsari Al-Jawami' [[Cileunyi, Bandung|Cileunyi Bandung]]. Al-Jawami miboga harti “lengkep jeung universal”. Ieu ngaran ogé dicokot tina ngarn hiji kitab anu dipirese ku Asy-Syaikh K.H. Muhammad Sudja’i, kokolot pasantrén, nyaéta Kitab Ushul Fiqih <nowiki>''</nowiki>Jamul Jawami<nowiki>''</nowiki> sarta pamasangan batu munggaran Madrasah Aliyah langsung ku anjeunna sorangan disakséni ku Bapak H. Aang Kunaefi, [[Gubernur Jawa Kulon|Gubernur]] [[Jawa Kulon]] périodeu [[1975]] – [[1985]] sarta Letjend. Yogie Suardi Memet, Komando Daérah Militer III/Siliwangi. Ti saprak harita, saeutik-saeutik lembaga atikan formal di Pasantrén Sindangsari Al-Jawami' mimiti diaradegkeun, di antarana atikan formal nu dipingpin ku K. H. R. Totoh Abdul Fatah nu ditangtayungan Yayasan Pembina Atikan Tinggi (YAPATA) Al-Jawami' nyaéta Madrasah Aliyah ([[1977]]), Sakola Luhur Basa Asing ([[1989]]), Sakola Luhur Agama Islam ([[1999]]), Taman Kanak-kanak ([[2000]]) di lingkungan Pontren Al-Jawami', nu kiwari diaping ku putrana nu ka opat, Dr. H. Deding Ishak Ibnu Sudja', SH.,MM., dosén UIN sarta anggota [[Déwan Pangwakil Rahayat Républik Indonésia|DPR]] ti [[Golkar]] periode ([[2014]]-[[2019]])<ref>http://profil.merdeka.com/indonesia/d/deding-ishak-ibnu-sudja/{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wikidpr.org/anggota/5403631742b53eac2f8ef788 |title=Arsip salinan |accessdate=2017-05-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427062403/http://wikidpr.org/anggota/5403631742b53eac2f8ef788 |archivedate=2017-04-27}}</ref> Dina [[2001]], pangwangunan fisik kapasantrénan diserahkeun ku K.H. Totoh Abdul Fatah ka K. H. Imang Abdul Hamid. Ari para sesepuh, nyaéta K. H. Mansoor, K. H. Endang Rahmat, KH.R. Totoh Abdul Fatah jeung palaputra pangadeg lianna minangka panaséhat dina pangwangunan pasantrén sakaligus ogé panaséhat organisasi IKBAL (Iketan Kulawarga Besar AI-Ghozali). == Maot == '''K.H. Totoh''' tilar dunya dina poé Senén, [[1 Séptémber]] [[2008]] M (1 Romadon 1429 H) jam 10.17 WIB di [[RS. Hasan Sadikin]] [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]] sanggeus kira 15 poé dirawat di Rohangan Pangawulaan Husus (ICU) sarta dikurebkeun di TPU [[Cileunyi Wétan, Cileunyi, Bandung|Cileunyi Wétan]] [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]] jam 4.00 soré. . == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1931]] [[Kategori:Nu pupus taun 2008]] [[Kategori:Inohong Sunda]] 7p36a7vpbj1nzgnhc2at7grz5xcifd1 Citakan:Country data Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland 10 54725 729379 547405 2026-09-27T04:40:22Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Féderasi Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland | shortname alias = Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland | alt attribute = Bandéra Féderasi Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland | flag alias = Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> | redir1 = Rhodesia and Nyasaland | templatename = Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland | related1 = Rhodésia | related2 = Nyasaland </noinclude> }} ho9q03396z2tw9h0tzacv9d867brr4z 729380 729379 2026-09-27T04:40:46Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Country data Rhodesia and Nyasaland]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland]] 729379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Féderasi Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland | shortname alias = Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland | alt attribute = Bandéra Féderasi Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland | flag alias = Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> | redir1 = Rhodesia and Nyasaland | templatename = Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland | related1 = Rhodésia | related2 = Nyasaland </noinclude> }} ho9q03396z2tw9h0tzacv9d867brr4z Citakan:Country data Rhodésia 10 55089 729374 547414 2026-09-27T04:29:56Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Rhodesia | flag alias = Flag of Rhodesia (1968–1979).svg | flag alias-1964 = Flag of Rhodesia (1964–1968).svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sepak bola {{{mw|}}} Zimbabwe | link alias-tennis = Zimbabwe {{{mw}}} Cup team | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | kategori = bekas negara <noinclude> | var1 = 1964 | related1 = Zimbabwé | related2 = Zimbabwé Rhodésia | related3 = Rhodésia Kidul | related4 = Rhodésia Kalér | related5 = Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland </noinclude> }} dfhyynhqho57we6ahqx9fsohlu2n84q 729375 729374 2026-09-27T04:30:09Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Country data Rhodesia]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Rhodésia]] 729374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Rhodesia | flag alias = Flag of Rhodesia (1968–1979).svg | flag alias-1964 = Flag of Rhodesia (1964–1968).svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sepak bola {{{mw|}}} Zimbabwe | link alias-tennis = Zimbabwe {{{mw}}} Cup team | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | kategori = bekas negara <noinclude> | var1 = 1964 | related1 = Zimbabwé | related2 = Zimbabwé Rhodésia | related3 = Rhodésia Kidul | related4 = Rhodésia Kalér | related5 = Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland </noinclude> }} dfhyynhqho57we6ahqx9fsohlu2n84q 729377 729375 2026-09-27T04:33:12Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Rhodésia | flag alias = Flag of Rhodesia (1968–1979).svg | flag alias-1964 = Flag of Rhodesia (1964–1968).svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sepak bola {{{mw|}}} Zimbabwé | link alias-tennis = Zimbabwe {{{mw}}} Cup team | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> | var1 = 1964 | related1 = Zimbabwé | related2 = Zimbabwé Rhodésia | related3 = Rhodésia Kidul | related4 = Rhodésia Kalér | related5 = Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland </noinclude> }} 42b0v5n316l6bsz0g4kpe89b6jy609e Kanyéré 0 55206 729140 711677 2026-09-26T12:50:27Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ taxobox |name = |image = Bridelia stipularis.jpg |image_caption = Daun jeung buah '''kanyéré''' |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |ordo = [[Malpighiales]] |familia = [[Phyllanthaceae]] |tribus = [[Bridelieae]] |genus =[[Bridelia]] | species = ''B. stipularis'' | binomial = ''Bridelia stipularis'' | binomial_authority = (L.) Blume |synonyms = *''Bridelia dasycalyx'' <small>Kurz</small> *''Bridelia dasycalyx'' var. ''aridicola'' <small>Kurz</small> *''Bridelia scandens'' <small>(Roxb.) Willd. </small> *''Bridelia stipularis'' var. ''ciliata'' <small>Gehrm. </small> *''Bridelia stipularis'' subsp. ''philippinensis'' <small>Jabl.</small> *''Bridelia zollingeri'' <small>Miq.</small> *''Clutia scandens'' <small>Roxb. </small> *''Clutia stipularis'' <small>L.</small> *''Ziziphus racemosa'' <small>Wall.</small> }} Kanyéré (''Bridelia stipularis'') nyaéta hiji tangkal anu asalna tina [[genus]] ''Bridelia''.<ref name=”Rig”>{{Cite book | title = A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java| last = Jonathan| first =Rigg | publisher =Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen | location =Universitas Harvard | year =1862 }}</ref> <ref name=kew/> Jangkungna bisa nepi ka 8–20 [[méter]] anu hirup di daérah [[tropis]] jeung [[subtropis]] di sisi [[basisir]].<ref name=kew/><ref name=Ong/> Daunna bisa dimangpaatkeun pikeun [[ubar]] nyeri [[beuteung]].<ref name=Ong/> [[Tangkal]] kanyéré asalna tina kulawarga ''Phyllanthaceae''.<ref name=kew>{{Cite web | url = http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-24660 | title = Bridelia stipularis | date = 2013 | accessdate = 2017-05-15 | work = [[theplantlist]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200728200543/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-24660 | archivedate = 2020-07-28 }}</ref> ==Pedaran== Tangkal kanyéré mibanda sababaraha rupa [[spésiés]] di antarana : *''Bridelia insulana'' (''Sinonim'' : ''Bridelia minutiflora, Bridelia penagiana, Bridelia subnuda) * ''Bridelia stipularis'' *''Bridelia tomentosa'' (sinonim : ''Bridelia glabrifolia; Bridelia lancifolia; Bridelia monoicis'')''.<ref name=Ong/> Kanyéré mibanda ngaran daérah/''vernakular'' saperti di [[Malaysia]] disebut kenidai, kenidai babi, cenderai gajah, samak jambu.<ref name=Ong/> Di Indonésia mah kanyéré téh katelah Kandri kebo, kanyéré aroi, koto-koto, jeung kutu kebo.<ref name=Ong>{{Citation | last = Ong| first = Hean Chooi| coauthors = EDITOR KADUA| year =2006| title = Tumbuhan liar: khasiat ubatan & kegunaan lain| publisher = PRIN-AD SDN.BHD |URL=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=zmlsC5NWEbwC&dq=kanyere&hl=id&source=gbs_navlinks_s| isbn = 967-61-1630-0}}</ref> ==Ciri mandiri== Tangkal kanyéré bisa hirup nepi ka jangkung 18 méter tur mibanda buleudan tangkal nepi ka 9 [[méter]].<ref name=Ong/> [[Kai]] tangkal kanyéré mah sanajan teuas tapi leuleus tur liat.<ref name=Wiart/> <ref name=Rigg>{{Cite book | author = Jonathan Rigg| year = 1862 | chapter = Dictionary | pages = 217 | title = Sunda Language | location = Batavia|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=1PIUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA213&dq=KEHKEL&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj7qpOVitnTAhWBO48KHXrzCD8Q6AEIQDAD#v=onepage&q=isbn&f=false| publisher = Lange & CO }}</ref> Kapanggih hirup di [[Malaysia]], [[Vietnam]], ogé [[Thailand]].<ref name=Wiart/> Daunna lonyod kelirna héjo, méncos ka tungtungna ukuran 12&nbsp;cm x 6.2&nbsp;cm pucuk [[daun]] anu kakara bijil kelirna gandaria.<ref name=Wiart/> Buah laleutik kelirna héjo hérang bijil sapasang tina tangkal deukeut cupat [[daun]], cupat kembangna parondok, panjang [[kembang]] ngan 1&nbsp;mm, benang sari nyelap leutik di jerona, kelirna semu héjo tur di luhurna semu gandaria.<ref name=Carl >{{Cite book | title = Ilocano Dictionary and Grammar: Ilocano-English, English-Ilocano| url = https://archive.org/details/ilocanodictionar0000rubi| last = R.| first = Carl| publisher = World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd | location = [[London]] | year = 2000| isbn =0-8248-2088-6}}</ref> Buahna leutik,lonyod tingtungna méncos.<ref name=Wiart/> ==Kagunaan== Ditempo dina ''farmakologisna'' tina ieu genus geus ditalungtik sanajan tacan dipaluruh leuwih jero, mibanda sipat ''antiinflamasi'', ''antimikroba''.<ref name=Wiart/> Tapi dalah ti kitu ieu [[tangkal]] geus heubeul dimangpaatkeun pikeun [[ubar]] herbal anu mibanda rupa-rupa kagunaan.<ref name=Bridelia>{{Cite journal | title = Anticandidal effect of extract of Bridelia stipularis | author = Sachidananda Mallya | coauthors = Sudeendra Prabhu, Maji Jose, Shrikara Mallya | journal = Anticandidal effect of extract of Bridelia stipularis | volume = 1 | issue = 9 | pages = 106-107 | url = http://www.jimd.in/uploaded/volumes/Bridelia_stipularis2.pdf | accessdate = 2017-14-05 | ISSN = 2350-045x | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180603024840/https://jimd.in/uploaded/volumes/Bridelia_stipularis2.pdf | archive-date = 2018-06-03 }}</ref> Di India ieu tangkal ngahaja dipelak anu dimangpaatkeun pikeun meresihan [[huntu]] ogé ngubaran rupa-rupa panyakit séjénna anu aya disabudeureun [[baham]].<ref name=Bridelia/> Daunna ogé bisa digodog tuluy diinum [[cai]]na bisa dimangpaatkeun pikeun ngubaran kasakit mah (maag) atawa nyeuri [[beuteung]].<ref name=Wiart/> Pikeun ubar luar daunna bisa dibebek nepi ka lembut tuluy ditaplokeun kana reheut atawa bareuh,<ref name=Wiart/> [[akar]]na bisa digodog tuluy diinum caina pikeun ubar nyareri awak atawa cararangkeul.<ref name=Wiart>{{Cite book | title = Medicinal Plants of the Asia-Pacific: Drugs for the Future?| url = https://archive.org/details/medicinalplantso0000wiar_e7f6| last = Wiart| first = Christophe | publisher = World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd | location = [[London]] | year = 2006| isbn =981-256-341-5}}</ref> Baheula mah buah kanyéré téh dipaké kaulinan barudak, pikeun pélor [[Sumpit|susumpitan]] anu dijieun tina [[awi]] atawa [[tamiang]] gedéna mah kurang leuwih sagedé curuk atawa [[patlot]] panjangna sabuku.<ref name=Lacombat/> Dipaké ogé pikeun pélor pepeletokan anu dijieun tina solobong awi.<ref name=Lacombat>{{Cite book | author = Muchtar Affandi (R.) | year = 1997 | chapter = Mulangkeun Panineungan | pages = 17 | title = Mulangkeun Panineungan| location = London | publisher = Padjajaran University]] }}</ref> <gallery caption="Kanyéré"> File:Bridelia stipularis (8287247622).jpg |Tangkal kanyéré File:Bridelia stipularis 10.JPG| Buah daun jeung tangkal File:Bridelia stipularis 33.JPG| Pucuk daun File:Bridelia stipularis 09.JPG| Buah kanyéré haréjo File:Bridelia stipularis leaves and flowers from Periya (2).jpg |Kembang </gallery> ==Tutumbu kaluar== * [http://www.natureloveyou.sg/Bridelia%20stipularis/Main.html Gambar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511034134/http://www.natureloveyou.sg/Bridelia%20stipularis/Main.html |date=2017-05-11 }} * [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?423337 Tangkal Kanyéré] * {{cite journal | url = http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11738-011-0735-7?LI=true#page-1 | doi=10.1007/s11738-011-0735-7 | volume=33 | title=Bridelia stipularis: a new source for anthocyanin production in vitro | journal=Acta Physiologiae Plantarum | pages=2051–2056}} === Daftar pustaka === *{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-37OBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA659&dq=Bridelia+monoica&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK55Tnx-rTAhWKuY8KHRrqCW4Q6AEIIjAA#v=onepage&q=Bridelia%20monoica&f=false|title= CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology|last=Quattrocchi|first=Umberto |date=April 2016|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4822-5064-0}} * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Si62WdEOdYkC&pg=PT193&dq=bridelia+stipularis&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHmLv4nu7TAhXDQY8KHSvTDmMQ6AEIQTAD#v=onepage&q=bridelia%20stipularis&f=false|title=Biological Pigments—Advances in Research and Application|last=Hefner|first=ScholarlyEditions| year=2012|publisher=ScholarlyEditions|isbn=978-1-464-99135-6}} ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist|3}} {{Pondok}} [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan ubar‏‎]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Phyllanthaceae]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Sabanda II]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan tropis]] 2aim949w91jqkfsvdkdy84yz16yz7om Kantéh 0 71244 729139 653771 2026-09-26T12:49:04Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729139 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Organiccotton.jpg|right|thumb|200px| Kantéh tina kapas]] '''Kantéh''' (bola) nyaéta benang anu dijieun tina [[kapas]].<ref name=Jonathan>{{Cite book | author = Jonathan Rigg | year = 1862 | chapter = Sunda Language | pages = 213| title = A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java | location = Batavia| publisher =Universitas Harvard}}</ref> Kantéh ilahar dipaké bahan pikeun ninun [[lawon]] jeung [[ngaput]], sagigireun tina kapas kantéh bisa ogé dijieun tina bahan séjén saperti [[sutra]], ''polyester'', [[wol]], jeung sajabana.<ref name=Lulu>{{Cite book | title = Kamus Genggam Bahasa Sunda| last = Luthfiyani| first = Lulu| publisher =HutaMedial Kebudayaan| location = [[Jakarta]] | year = 2016|isbn=9786026475275}}</ref><ref name=Marcus>{{Citation | last = A. S | first = Marcus| coauthors = Pax Benedanto| year = 2000 | title = Kesastraan Melayu Tionghoa, Volume 2| publisher = Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia | isbn = 9789799023452}}</ref><ref name=Muzium>{{Citation | last = Malaya| first = Universiti | coauthors = Muzium Negeri| year = 2009 | title = Kesinambungan tradisi dan budaya: prosiding| publisher = Jabatan Muzium Malaysia}}</ref> Kantéh anu hadé sahenteuna kudu mibanda sipat : kuat mangsa dibatek, henteu uduh atawa gampang pegat, henteu méotan atawa murengked mangsa dipaké, henteu nyerep [[cai]] tur gancang garing mangsa kacaian.<ref name=coats/> Kantéh pikeun [[ninun]] téh aya dua rupa nyaéta kantéh lungsi jeung kantéh pakan.<ref name=Goet/> Kantéh lungsi ditinun dina lawon perenahna sajajar jeung panjangna [[lawon]], ku kituna kantéh lungsi mah leuwih liat ogé gintiranna leuwih leutik (pintalan).<ref name=Goet/> Kantéh pakan mah perenahna sabalikna jeung kantéh lungsi.<ref name=Goet>{{Cite book | title = Puspa Ragam Busana PEMILIHAN BAHAN TEKSTIL| last = poespo| first = Goet | publisher = Kanisius| location = [[Yogyakarta]] | year = 2005|ISBN=9789792109429 }}</ref> Kantéh paranti ngaput mibanda kagunaan pikeun nyangreud kaputan jeung kelim, ogé ngawangun kaputan anu leuwih éfisién barang beunang ngaput henteu babari lésot atawa pegat (''terdistorsi'') tempona dipaké.<ref name=coats/> ==Budaya== Sagigireun dijieun [[lawon]], sababaraha [[daérah]] ngagunakeun kantéh dina upacara adat jeung kabiasaan saperti: urang [[Baduy]] kantéh ogé dimangpaatkeun pikeu nyieun geulang anu engkéna dipaké dina [[leungeun]] budak maksudna pikeun nolak bala.<ref name=cecep>{{Cite book | title = Kesetaraan gender dalam adat inti jagat Baduy| last = Eka Permana| first = R. Cecep | publisher = Wedatama Widya Sastra| location = [[Jakarta]] | year = 2001| ISBN=9789799653048 }}</ref><ref name=Toto>{{Cite book | title = Studi Tentang Religi Masyarakat Baduy di Desa Kanekes Provinsi Banten| last = Sucipto| first = Toto | publisher = Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan| location = [[Jakarta]] | year = 2007}}</ref> Kantéh ogé jadi salah sahiji sarat dina ritual [[sasajén]] saméméh ngayakeun pintonan tradisi [[ubrug]], sasajén diteundeun hareupeun [[waditra]] maksudna ménta kasalametan pikeun sakabéh anu aya dina éta pamintonan.<ref name=Dirbud>{{Cite web | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/2015/04/17/ubrug/ | title = Ubrug | date = 2017-07-07 | accessdate = 2015-05-17 | work = [Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170402232015/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbjabar/2015/04/17/ubrug/ | archivedate = 2017-04-02 }}</ref> Dina upacara ngawinkeun aya anu disebut ''Nini pangeuyeuk'', tayalian panganténa diuk andiprek nyanghareup kolotna anu maksudna seja ménta widi pikeun ngalumangsungkeun [[upacara]], anu jadi perlambangna ku jalan masrahkeun tujuh lambar kantéh panjangna kurang leuwih dua jeungkal.<ref name=Resepsi>{{Cite web| url = http://www.tripleaorganizer.id/susunan-acara-resepsi-pernikahan-adat-sunda/| title = Susunan Acara Resepsi Pernikahan Adat Sunda| date = 2007-03-28| accessdate = 2017-07-08| work = tripleaorganizer}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dina acara adat ngarunghal, kantéh ogé jadi hiji perlambang pikeun pangantén anu ngarunghal jadi [[lanceuk]], pikeun ritual ménta widi tur kaiklasan tinu jadi lanceuk ku lantaran kalengkahan (karunghal) dilaksanakeun saméméh acara huap lingkung.<ref name=Resepsi/> ==Bahan kantéh (substrat)== Kantéh anu loba kapanggih dipasaran dumasar kana [[bahan]] dijieuna bisa dibédakeun kana: # Bahan alami : kantéh anu dijieun tina substrat alami geus mimiti langka dipaké dina aplikasi industri, kantéh alami anu ilahar dipaké tina bahan [[kapas]] (katun), jeung [[sutra]].<ref name=coats>{{Cite web | url = http://www.coatsindustrial.com/id/information-hub/apparel-expertise/sewing-threads | title = Semua Hal Tentang Benang Jahit | accessdate = 2017-07-04 | work = coatsindustrial}}</ref><ref name=Goet/> # Bahan [[sintétik]]: kantéh anu dijieun tina rambat sintétis, mibanda sipat-sipat anu dipikabutuh saperti leuwih liat, kuat kana bahan [[kimia]], henteu suub mangsa kabaseuhan, kuat ku [[baktéri]], teu gancang buruk, jeung sajabana.<ref name=coats/> Bahan kantéh sintétik ilaharna tina : [[logam]], [[karét]], jeung [[plastik]].<ref name=Goet/> ==Wangun gintiran== Rupa-rupa gintiran kantéh dijieun dumasar kana kaperluan saperti : kantéh anu dirara (''pintal'') dijieun tina serat [[alami]] atawa [[Sintétik]], kantéh anu kieu leuwih kuat ti batan kantéh tina [[kapas]] sok padahal dina ukuranna anu sarua gedéna.<ref name=coats/> Aya deui kantéh filamén kantéh ieu leuwih kuat deui ti batan kantéh anu di rara, kantéh anu modél kieu dibedakeun kana tilu rupa: * Monofilamén dijieun tina serat tunggal kalawan ukuran anu tangtu, sanajan kawilang kuat murah tur gampang, hasilna kantéh anu kieu kaasup [[heuras]] atawa henteu mibanda fléksibilitas.<ref name=coats/> * Multifilamén dijieun tina dua bahan anu béda tuluy digintir ngajadi hiji kantéh, kantéh anu kieu ngahaja dijieun sangkan mibanda kakuatan anu leuwih alus ilaharna dipaké pikeun ngaput [[sapatu]], pakéan tina [[kulit]], ogé barang [[industri]] séjéna.<ref name=coats/> * Filamén wujud kantéh anu kieu leuwih carang henteu kékep kawas beunang ngarara ilaharna dijieun tina ''poliester'' dimangpaatkeun pikeun kaputan anu panungtungan (panutup).<ref name=coats/> <gallery> File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Balinese spinsters TMnr 60025379.jpg|Keur nyieun kantéh tina kapas File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een ikat weefster achter haar weeftoestel TMnr 20017988.jpg|Kantéh keur ditinun File:Silk raw 01.jpg|[[Sutra]] File:Greywoolroving.jpg|Wol File:Kette_und_Schuß_num_col.png |kantéh [[lungsi]] (kelir beureum) jeung kantéh [[pakan]] (kelir bulao). </gallery> ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist|3}} {{commonscat}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Tékstil]] [[Kategori:Industri]] [[Kategori:Raksukan]] [[Kategori:Bahan]] 8txdvv4pydzkb0r9cl9jk3t1musrdvw Yogié Suardi Mémét 0 71252 729357 704624 2026-09-27T02:37:39Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder|Komandan Jenderal Komando Pasukan Sandi Yudha|birth_place={{flagicon|Belanda}} [[Cirebon]], [[Jawa Barat]], [[Hindia Belanda]]|successor4=[[Edi Sudradjat]]|name=Yogie Suardi Memet|native_name=ᮚᮧᮌᮤᮈ ᮞᮥᮃᮁᮓᮤ ᮙᮨᮙᮨᮒ᮪|image=Yogi Suardi Memet.jpg|caption=Potret resmi sebagai Gubernur Jawa Barat (1985)|birthname=Radén Mohammad Yogie Suardi Memet|othername=Yogi Suardi Memet|alma_mater=[[Akademi Militer Nasional]]|religion=[[Islam]]|nationality={{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]|birth_date={{birth date|1929|5|16}}|location=|president4=[[Soeharto]]|occupation=[[TNI]]|spouse=Emmy Sariamah|children=Billy Ibrahim <br/> Danny Iskandar|death_date={{death date and age|2007|6|7|1929|5|16}}|death_place={{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Bandung]], [[Indonesia]]|party=[[Berkas:GolkarLogo.png|25px]] [[Golongan Karya]] {{small|(1993–2007)}}|parents={{ubl|Radén Memet Bratasoeganda (ayah)|Alniyah (ibu)}}|allegiance={{flag|Indonesia}}|branch=[[Berkas:Lambang TNI AD.png|25px]] [[TNI Angkatan Darat]]|serviceyears=1945 - 1983|rank=[[Berkas:Pdu letjendtni staf.png|25px]] [[Letnan Jenderal|Letnan Jenderal TNI]]|predecessor4=[[Himawan Soetanto]]|term_end4=1983|Panglima Kodam VI/Siliwangi|term_start2=17 Maret 1993|honorific-prefix=<small>[[Letnan Jenderal]] [[TNI]] ([[Purnawirawan|Purn.]])</small>|honorific-suffix=|office=Gubernur Jawa Barat|order=ke-10|term_start=22 Mei 1985|term_end=17 Maret 1993|president=[[Soeharto]]|predecessor=[[Aang Kunaefi]]|successor=[[R. Nuriana]]|office2=Menteri Dalam Negeri Indonesia|order2=ke-20|term_end2=17 Maret 1998|term_start4=1978|president2=[[Soeharto]]|predecessor2=[[Rudini]]|successor2=[[R. Hartono]]|office3=Komandan Jenderal Komando Pasukan Khusus|order3=ke-8|term_start3=Mei 1975|term_end3=April 1978|president3=[[Soeharto]]|predecessor3=[[Witarmin]]|successor3=[[Wismoyo Arismunandar]]|office4=Komando Daérah Militer III/Siliwangi|order4=ke-14|unit=[[Infanteri]] ([[Kopassus|Kopassandha]])}} '''Yogié Suardi Mémét''' (Radén Muhammad Yogié Suardi Mémét) katelah Yogie S. Mémét nyaéta saurang [[inohong]] sarta pajuang pituin ti [[Jawa Barat]], Yogié S.M ({{lahirmati|[[Cirebon]], [[Jawa Barat]]|16|5|1929||7|6|2007}}) ngaréngsékeun [[sakola]] di SP3AD (1952), Suslapa, jeung Seskoad.<ref name=pnri/> Mangsa jumeneng kénéh anjeunna kungsi ngalungguhan sababaraha jabatan penting di [[pamaréntah]]an.<ref name=pnri>{{Cite web| url = http://kepustakaan-presiden.pnri.go.id/cabinet_personnel/popup_profil_pejabat.php?id=358&presiden_id=2&presiden=suh| title = Pejabat Menteri| accessdate = 2017-07-11| work = kepustakaan-presiden}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mangsa jaman [[révolusi]], anjeunna ngagabung jadi ''tantara pelajar (TP)'' ''[[Batalyon]]'' 400, daérah ''operasina'' di [[Cirebon]].<ref name=pnri/> Nalika nyepeng kalungguhan jadi ''Komandan Yon 330'' ''[[Kujang]] I [[Siliwangi]]'' kapapancénan pikeun numpes [[gorombolan]] DI/TII tur nyangkalak [[Kahar Muzakkar]] di Sulawesi, gilig patékadanna moal waka mulang lamun tacan kacangkalak pamingpin éta gorombolan.<ref name=pnri/><ref name=Pambudi/> Mangsa pamaréntah [[orde baru]], dina kaping [[20 Januari]] [[1998]] anjeunna dibarengan ku dua sobatna ([[Feisal Tanjung]] jeung [[Harmoko]]), ngadeuheus ka [[Presidén]] H.M. [[Suharto]] seja nepikeun hasil tina panalungtikan ngeunaan kasadiaan rahayat pikeun ngarojong H.M. [[Suharto]] ngadeg deui jadi presidén [[RI]] ''periode'' [[1998]]-[[2003]].<ref name=Djadja>{{Cite book| title = JEJAK KUDETA (1997-2005): Catatan Harian Jenderal (Purn) TNI Djadja Suparman| last = Suparman| first = Djadja| publisher = Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia| location = [[Jakarta]]|year = 2013| ISBN=9789794618370}}</ref> == Kasang tukang == === Militer jeung Pamaréntahan === Yogie gumelar di Cirebon, 16 Mei 1929 jadi anak kaopat ti 11 dulurna. Yogie gumelar ti pasangan R Memet Bratasuganda jeung Ny. Alniyah<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://kompas.com/kompas-citak/0706/08/utama/3586529.htm|title=Mantan Mendagri Yogie S Memet Wafat - Jumat, 08 Juni 2007|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-09-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144524/http://kompas.com/kompas-citak/0706/08/utama/3586529.htm|archivedate=2007-09-29}}</ref>. Anjeunna ngajalankeun sababaraha karirna di TNI ku jadi Komandan Jendral Kopassandha (1975-1983) jeung Panglima Daérah Militer VI Siliwangi (1978-1983)<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/65610/almarhum-yogie-s-memet-dimakamkan-dengan-irup-widodo-as|title=Almarhum Yogie S. Memet Dimakamkan Dengan Irup Widodo AS|last=antaranews.com|website=Antara News|accessdate=2020-09-16}}</ref>. Di taun 1985 nepi 1993, manéhna dipilih jadi Gubernur Jawa Kulon. Saatos jadi gubernur, manéhna dipercanten jadi Menteri Dalam Negeri ti taun 1993-1998. Jabatan akhir anu dipégang manéhna nyaéta anggota Dewan Pertimbangan Agung (1998-2003). === Saanggeus jadi DPA === Saanggeus turun ti jabatan Déwan Pertimbangan Agung, kondisi kasehatanna nurun tur kudu ngalakukeun cuci darah rutin. Kondisi ieu lanjut nepi ka anjeunna tilar dunya di taun 2007. === Tilar dunya === Yogie tilar dunya dina Kamis, 7 Juni 2007 di Rumah Sakit Advent Bandung tabuh 14.15 WIB. Sateuacanna Yogie kungsi kaserang ku kasakit gagal ginjal<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://kompas.com/kompas-citak/0706/08/utama/3586529.htm|title=Mantan Mendagri Yogie S Memet Wafat - Jumat, 08 Juni 2007|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-09-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144524/http://kompas.com/kompas-citak/0706/08/utama/3586529.htm|archivedate=2007-09-29}}</ref>. ==Atikan jeung karir== === Atikan === * HIS (1942) * SMP (1945) * SMA <ref name=":02"/>(1950) === Karir === Sababaraha kalungguhan penting dina pamarentahan anu kungsi jadi tanggung jawab anjeunna :<ref name="Pambudi">{{Cite book | title = Sintong dan Prabowo| last = Pambudi| first = A. | publisher = Media Pressindo| location = [[Jakarta]] | year = 2009| ISBN=9789797881146 }}</ref> # Tentara Pelajar Batalyon 400 ([[1945]]-[[1946]]) # Dan Yon 330 Para Kujang I Bandung ([[1965]]-[[1967]]) ; Komandan Kodim di [[Bandung]] # Kepala Staf Brigade Lintas Udara 17 # Komandan Brigade Infanteri 15 [[Kujang]] II ([[1970]]-[[1973]]) # Komandan Jenderal Kopassandha (ayeuna Kopassus ([[1975]]-[[1976]]) # Panglima Kodam VI/[[Siliwangi]] di [[Bandung]] # Panglima Komando Wilayah Pertahanan II di [[Yogyakarta]] ([[1983]]-[[1985]]) # Gubernur [[Jawa Barat]] ([[1985]]-[[1993]]) # Menteri Dalam Negeri Kabinet Pemwangunan V ([[1993]]-[[1998]]) # Anggota Dewan Pertimbangan Agung ([[1998]]) <ref name="Pambudi" /> ==Pangajén ti Pamaréntah== # Satya Lencana Perang Kemerdekaan I dan II # Bintang Kartika Eka Phaksi Nararya # Satya Lencana Gerakan Operasi Militer I-VI # Satya Lencana [[PBB]] Garuda VI .<ref name=pnri/> == Tempo ogé == # [[Mohamad Sanusi Hardjadinata]] # [[Aang Kunaéfi Kartawiria]] # [[Ukar Bratakusumah]] # [[Mashudi]] # [[Ahmad Héryawan]] ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist|2}} {{Pondok}} [[Kategori:Inohong Sunda]] [[Kategori:Inohong Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Taratas biografi]] [[Kategori:Gubernur Jawa Kulon]] b0t4pg1l6r1owupq0o20p8eg6zjl5jd Kacapi suling 0 71792 729104 672920 2026-09-26T12:25:50Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729104 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kacapi Suling''' nyaéta sajenis kasenian rakyat anu terdiri tina dua kacapi (''Kacapi Indung'' jeung ''Kacapi Rintik'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=331&lang=id|title=Kacapi Suling-Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat|website=www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id|accessdate=2019-11-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027121419/http://disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=331&lang=id|archivedate=2021-10-27}}</ref> Tina kacapi aya anu diiring nada dasar saréng nada variasi. Nada variasi aya macam-macam jenisna sesuai petiknan dina kawihna. Kahiji nada anu disébat ku gendangan kadua, nada anu disébat melodi. Nada anu disebut melodi nyaéta aya dua nada wilet jeung sawilet.Dina perkembangana Kacapi Suling anu ngagunakeun ''Kacapi Parahu'' atawa ''Kacapi Sitter'', sok dianggo kanggé ngairingan Narasi Sunda di antarana Carita Dongeng atawa Carita Legenda. Kacapi Sitter sok dipaké ogé dina acara Ngaras jeung Siraman Panganten [[Sunda]], Siraman Budak Sunatan, Siraman Tingkeban. Kangge instrumentalna disajikun ogé lagu-lagu annu rumpakana disesuaikeun kanggé kebutuhan acara anu bade dilumangsungkeun. Ayeuna kacapi suling geus dijadikeun salah sahiji warisan dunia ti [[UNSECO]] anu ngeunaan masalah [[Kabudayaan Sunda|kebudayaan]] dunia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://notepam.com/alat-musik-tradisional-jawa-barat/|title=9 Alat Musik Tradisional Jawa Barat dan Cara Memainkannya [Lengkap]|last=Adipura|first=Pamungkas|website=Notepam|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-11-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123080409/https://notepam.com/alat-musik-tradisional-jawa-barat/|archivedate=2019-11-23}}</ref> == Daftar Rujukan == [[Kategori:Kesenian]] [[Kategori:Waditra]] [[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]] ecrw7o61vsoc0s4vwxto1vmdchlr3ev Kamenterian kaséhatan républik indonésia 0 71902 729121 675400 2026-09-26T12:40:21Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729121 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Logo Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2024 rev).svg|ka|150x150px]] '''Kamenterian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia''' nyaéta [[kamenterian]] dina [[pamarentah]] [[Indonesia]] nu ngabidangan urusan [[kasehatan]]. Kamenterian kesehatan aya di handap jeung bertanggung jawab ka présidén.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemkes.go.id/|title=Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia|website=www.kemkes.go.id|accessdate=2017-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816103921/https://www.kemkes.go.id/|archivedate=2023-08-16}}</ref> 0dcjz300jtxvhdo02cnnn0ghpodwqlj Kampung Kuta 0 72090 729128 660636 2026-09-26T12:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729128 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rumah kampung adat Kuta.jpg|Imah kampung adat Kuta|jempol|350px]] '''Kampung Kuta''' nyaéta salasahiji kampung adat anu aya di [[Jawa Kulon|Jawa Barat]]. Dina basa [[Sunda]], Kuta hartina pager témbok. Ieu kampung adat dingaranan Kuta lantaran lokasina aya di pasir anu jungkrang kurang leuwih 70-75 méter sarta dikulilingan ku bubukitan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=30&lang=id|title=Kampung Kuta-Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat|website=www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id|accessdate=2017-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911065230/http://disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=30&lang=id|archivedate=2017-09-11}}</ref> Kampung Kuta, dina sababaraha [[dongéng]] buhun anu kasebar di masarakat Sunda sering disebut ayana nagara "burung" atawa daérah anu teu jadi ibukota [[Karajaan Galuh]].<ref name=":0" /> Masarakat kampung Kuta minangka hiji komunitas anu kaiket ku aturan-aturan adat, tapi maranéhna wanoh kana sababaraha kasenian anu bisa dijadikeun sarana hiburan, boh kasenian buhun boh kasenian modérn. Kawas [[Calung]], [[Réog]], [[Sandiwara]], [[Tagoni]], [[Kliningan]], [[Jaipong]], jeung réa-réa deui.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Astuti">{{Citation | last =Asturi| first = Dewi| coauthors =Risma Rismawati| year = 2009| title =Adat Istiadat: Masyarakat Jawa Barat|page=3 - 5|location=Jakarta| publisher =Pt Sarana Panca Karya Nusa| isbn =9789797883607}}</ref> == Leuweung Kramat Kampung Kuta == Numutkeun légénda anu aya di éta masarakat, ieu leuweung téh tempat keur nyimpen titinggal ti [[Prabu Adjar Sukaresi]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2016-06-19|title=Hutan Larangan Kampung Kuta|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hutan_Larangan_Kampung_Kuta&oldid=11671393|language=id}}</ref> Leuweung Kramat Kampung Kuta miboga luas 40 héktar. Di ieu leuweung, teu meunang maké dadampar nalikaasup. Ieu leuweung gé ngan ukur bisa diasupan poé senén jeung kemis.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Astuti"/> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} <references /> {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Kampung adat Sunda]]wellll ob933zmqc2itav1bm3h297hjntimbcc Kampung Gedé Kasepuhan Ciptagelar 0 72091 729127 711086 2026-09-26T12:44:53Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 9 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Ciptagelar.jpg|jmpl|251x251px|Leuit di Ciptagelar]] '''Kampung Gedé Kasepuhan Ciptagelar''' nyaéta [[kampung]] adat nu aya di wilayah [[Kampung]] Sukamulya [[Desa]] Sirnaresmi, Kacamatan Cisolok, Kabupaten Sukabumi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://jelajahnusa.com/2017/07/31/eksotisme-kasepuhan-ciptagelar-sukabumi/|title=Eksotisme Kasepuhan Ciptagelar Sukabumi - Jelajah Nusa|newspaper=Jelajah Nusa|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409160217/http://jelajahnusa.com/2017/07/31/eksotisme-kasepuhan-ciptagelar-sukabumi/|archive-date=2023-04-09}}</ref> Ciri hasna aya dina lokasi sarta wangunan [[imah]] nu masih kenéh [[nyekel]] kana [[tradisi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=23&lang=id|title=Kampung Ciptagelar-Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat|website=www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id|accessdate=2017-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119141828/http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=23&lang=id|archivedate=2017-11-19}}</ref> Masarakat nu nempatan Kampung Ciptagelar disebutna [[kasepuhan]].<ref name=":0" /> Kecap "Kasepuhan" asalna tina kecap "sepuh" maké rarangken barung "ka-an" nu miboga harti ''tempat tinggal'' [[sesepuh]].<ref name=":0" /> Ieu hal ngarujuk kana masarakat di dinya nu masih kénéh nyekel kana adat istiadat [[karuhun]].<ref name=":0" /> Kampung Adat Ciptagelar diadegkeun ku pasukan [[Karajaan Sunda]] nu tuhu ka [[Prabu Siliwangi]] jeung maranéha dibebaskeun lantaran [[Prabu Siliwangi]] rék moksaPrajurit tuluy misahkeun diri jadi tilu kelompok nu ngadegkeun kampung-kampung anyar nu silih pakait.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.pegipegi.com/travel/kampung-adat-ciptagelar-tak-berubah-sejak-600-tahun-lalu/|title=Kampung Adat Ciptagelar, tak berubah sejak 600 tahun lalu?|date=2015-08-30|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810142438/https://www.pegipegi.com/travel/kampung-adat-ciptagelar-tak-berubah-sejak-600-tahun-lalu/|archive-date=2016-08-10}}</ref> Salah sahijina nyaéta [[Kampung Gedé]] nu fungsina pikeun pusat [[kasepuhan]].<ref name=":2" /> [[Kampung Gedé]] pernah sababaraha kali pindah pikeun nyingkahan pangaruh [[imperialis]] Jepang jeung konflik politik [[DI/TII]].<ref name=":2" /> mangrupa komunitas adat nu masih kenéh ngajalankeun tatali paranti [[karuhun]] sacara turun temurun nu geus jadi cecekelan kahirupan pikeun kasalametan hirup.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=475&lang=id|title=Kampung Gede Kasepuhan Ciptagelar-Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat|website=www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id|accessdate=2018-01-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118030014/http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=475&lang=id|archivedate=2017-11-18}}</ref> Numutkeun pamadeganna, karuhun nyaéta jalma nu geus maot nu dianggap miboga kamampuh nu leuwih atawa di luar kamampuh manusa umumna nu dianggap turunan ti [[karajaan pajajaran]].<ref name=":2" /> Sistim religi desa Ciptagelar nyaéta agama Islam, tapi masih kenéh kentel unsur [[animisme]] jeung [[dinamisme]].<ref name=":10" /> Katingali tina upacara-upacara nu sok dilaksanakeun.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wacana.co/2012/05/masyarakat-adat-desa-ciptagelar/|title=Masyarakat Adat Ciptagelar, Sukabumi|website=www.wacana.co|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-11-05}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Saprak taun 2001, [[Kampung Ciptarasa]] nu asalna ti [[Desa Sirnarasa]] ngalaksanakeun “hijrah wangsit” ka Desa Sirnaresmi nu jarakna belasan kilometer.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://perwakilan.jabarprov.go.id/artikel/baca_pariwisata/206/kampung-ciptagelar/17|title=Badan Penghubung Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat|website=perwakilan.jabarprov.go.id|accessdate=2018-01-27}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Di [[Desa Sirnaresmi]], langkung jelasna di Kampung Sukamulya, [[Abah Anom]] salaku pupuhu kampung adat meré ngaran Desa Ciptagelar pikeun tempat pindah nu anyar.<ref name=":11" /> Ciptagelar miboga harti kabuka atawa pasrah.<ref name=":11" /> Pindahna ti Kampung Ciptarasa ka Kampung Ciptagelar lantaran paréntah karuhun nu disebut wangsit.<ref name=":11" /> Ieu wangsit ditarima atawa menangkeunnana ku Abah Anom ngaliwatan proses ritual nu hasilna daék teu daék kudu dilaksanakeun.<ref name=":11" /> == Sistim Pakasaban == Umumna pakasaban di Ciptagelar nyaéta [[patani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompasiana.com/muhiqaz/keunikan-perkampungan-di-lereng-gunung-halimun_54f84d79a33311d25d8b4a0e|title=Keunikan Perkampungan di Lereng Gunung Halimun oleh Muhamad Iqbal Azhari - Kompasiana.com|last=Kompasiana.com|website=www.kompasiana.com|language=id|accessdate=2018-01-28}}</ref> Masarakatna ngajungjung luhur budaya lokal sarta lingkungannana nu loba kapangaruhan ku adat istiadat.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Untari|first=Sri|date=Oktober 2014|title=REKAM PERJALANAN KEPALA BKPD JABAR DAN TIM KE DESA BUDAYA CIPTA GELAR|url=http://bkpd.jabarprov.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/KAMPUNG-BUDAYA-LUMBUNG-CIPTA-GELAR.pdf|journal=BKPD Jawa Barat|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ku kituna,  di Ciptagelar mah tara maké paré unggul pamaréntah lantaran boga anggepan yén paré téh titipan tinu maha kawasa.<ref name=":12" /> Salian ti éta nyaéta: [[Gambar:Huma Ciptagelar.jpg|jmpl|261x261px|Salah sahiji huma nu aya di Ciptagelar]] * Upacara adat kudu maké paré lokal.<ref name=":12" /> * Paré unggul moal bisa jadi alus hasilna di wewengkon anu lembab jeung rada tiis.<ref name=":12" /> * Paré lokal batangna panjang jadi gampang diétém, gampang ngagaringkeunna jeung nyimpenna, tahan nepi ka waktu +5 taun jeung henteu murudul.<ref name=":12" /> * Ngamumulé adat karuhun aya kurang leuwih 43 jenis paré rurukan jeung 100 jenis paré hasil silang tina paré rurukan.<ref name=":12" /> * Ku cara melak paré sataun sakali ngarah bisa ngereunkeun siklus hama [[Wereng coklat|wereng]] nu biasana dina bulan nu geus ditebak atawa diprédiksi.<ref name=":12" /> * Pikeun nangtukeun mangsa melak dumasar kana itungan béntang.{{Fact}} Tanggal kerti kana beusi jeung tanggal kidang turun kijang (pikeun nyiapkeun alat-alat tatanén).{{Fact}} Kidang ngarangsang ti wétan jeung kerti ngadoredag ka kulon (lahan mimiti digarap).<ref name=":12" /> Daur hirup paré ti mimiti melak paré nepi ka panén masarakat [[Ciptagelar]] miboga runtuyan aturan adat jeung upacara nu kudu dilaksanakeun,di antarana: # Ngaseuk,'' ''melak [[paré]] nu dimimitian ku upacara ménta kasalametan jeung kaamanan sarta jarah ka makam karuhun.<ref name=":1" /> Biasana sok aya hiburan siga wayang golék, jaipong, topeng, jeung pantun buhun.<ref name=":12" /> Dimimitian ku sesepuh girang jarah ka makam ka luhur nu sumebar di daérah Lebak, Bogor, jeung Sukabumi.<ref name=":12" /> # Sapang jadian paré'', ''saminggu sanggeus melak [[paré]] diayakeun ritual ménta ijin ka sang ibu (Bumi) rék melak paré sarta menta ijin ka Gusti Allah sangkan hasilna alus.<ref name=":1" /> # Paré nyiramo jeung mapag paré beukah, mapag paré beukah'','' sukuran nalika [[paré]] aya kembangan,sarta ménta ijin ngarah jauh ti [[hama]].<ref name=":1" /> # Sawénan, ritual nu lumangsungna sanggeus siki paré mimiti kaluar.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.infobudaya.net/2017/10/menelisik-rangkaian-ritual-dalam-acara-seren-taun/|title=Menelisik Rangkaian Ritual dalam Acara Seren Taun|date=2017-10-10|newspaper=infobudaya.net|language=id-ID|access-date=2018-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219025040/http://www.infobudaya.net/2017/10/menelisik-rangkaian-ritual-dalam-acara-seren-taun/|archive-date=2018-02-19}}</ref> # Mipit Paré, Ritual nalika motong [[paré]] tujuanna pikeun ménta ijin ka karuhun ngarah diberé hasil panén nu leuwih.<ref name=":3" /> # Nganyaran atawa ngabukti, ritual nalika [[paré]] ditutu tuluy diasakan.<ref name=":3" /> # Ponggokan, ritual pamungkas saméméh sérén taun dilaksanakeun.<ref name=":3" /> Ponggokan miboga harti tradisi ngariung para karuhun nu biasana dipaké pikeun ngabahas masalah rahayat jeung ngitung pajak unggal jalma.<ref name=":3" /> Pajak/jiwa dina taun 1997 nyaéta Rp.150,- jeung imah Rp.250,-.<ref name=":12" /> Ponggokan biasana dilaksanakeun saminggu saacan acara sérén taun.<ref name=":3" /> Nalika ponggokan ogé sok ngabahas iraha séren taun rék lumangsungna.<ref name=":3" /> # Sérén taun'', m''angrupa acara puncak kagiatan masarakat [[Ciptagelar]].{{Fact}} Biasana sok dilaksanakeun unggal taun lantaran tradisi pikeun karuhun jeung Déwi Paré [[Sang Hyang Pohaci]].<ref name=":1" /> Salian upacara nu aya pakaitna jeung paré, aya ogé upacara nu sején nu dilaksanakeun, nyaéta : * Salametan 14 bulan purnama.<ref name=":12" /> * Upacara nyawen-bulan safar (Masangkeun jimat kampung).<ref name=":12" /> * Salametan rasul.<ref name=":12" /> * Salametan beberes (nyingkahan masalah kana pelanggaran).<ref name=":12" /> * Sodakoh maulud jeung rewah (ngirim kadaharan).<ref name=":12" /> == Serén Taun == Istilah sérén taun asalna tina [[Basa Sunda]].{{Fact}} ''Sérén'' miboga harti serah, seserahan, atawa mikeun jeung kecap taun.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://travel.kompas.com/read/2014/08/27/130600527/Seren.Taun.Ritual.Ratusan.Tahun.Silam|title=Seren Taun, Ritual Ratusan Tahun Silam - Kompas.com|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|newspaper=KOMPAS.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> Jadi sérén taun hartina sérén tampi ti taun kamari ka taun nu rék disanghareupan pikeun gagantina.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.garudacitizen.com/seren-taun-ritual-sakral-sunda-makna/|title=Seren Taun, Ritual Sakral Masyarakat Sunda Yang Sarat Makna|last=Admin|date=2016-09-07|newspaper=Garuda Citizen|language=id-ID|access-date=2018-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707184937/https://www.garudacitizen.com/seren-taun-ritual-sakral-sunda-makna/|archive-date=2019-07-07}}</ref> Numutkeun catetan sajajarah jeung tradisi lokal, sérén taun diayakeun sacara turun-temurun ti saprak jaman [[Karajaan Sunda]] siga [[Karajaan Pajajaran]], malah nepi ka ayeuna masih kénéh lumangsung.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tatarsukabumi.id/2017/08/ritual-upacara-adat-seren-taun-dan.html|title=Ritual Upacara Adat Seren Taun dan Leuit Si Jimat|website=www.tatarsukabumi.id|accessdate=2018-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108235757/http://www.tatarsukabumi.id/2017/08/ritual-upacara-adat-seren-taun-dan.html|archivedate=2018-01-08}}</ref> Ieu Upacara mimitina tina acara pikeun ngahormatan [[Nyi Pohaci Sanghyang Asri]] atawa Déwi Sri mangrupa Déwi pare dina [[kosmologi]] Sunda Kuno.<ref name=":5" /> Sistem kapercayaan masarakat Sunda kapangurahan ku warisan kabudayaan masarakat asli Nusantara nu ngagungkeun kakuatan alam.<ref name=":5" /> Sérén taun dilaksanakeun unggal ping 22 [[Bulan Rayagung]] nurutkeun [[kalender Sunda|kalénder Sunda.]] Salian ti ritual-ritual nu sipatna sakral, aya ogé kasenian jeung hiburan.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kuningankab.go.id/wisata-budaya/upacara-seren-taun|title=Upacara Seren Taun {{!}} Pemerintah Kabupaten Kuningan|website=www.kuningankab.go.id|language=id|accessdate=2018-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228132033/http://www.kuningankab.go.id/wisata-budaya/upacara-seren-taun|archivedate=2017-12-28}}</ref> Ieu kagiatan mangrupa hubungan manusa jeung nu maha kawasa, jeung ogé sasama mahluk atawa alam ngaliwatan kagiatan [[kasenian]], [[sosial budaya]], jeung [[atikan]].<ref name=":6" /> [[Gambar:Malasari seren Taun.JPG|jmpl|312x312px|Seren Taun]] Upacara Seren Taun dimimitan ku upacara ngajayak ( Ngajemput Paré ), dina ping 18 Rayagung nu dituluykeun ku acara nutu pare jeung puncakna ping 22 Rayagung.<ref name=":6" /> Ngajayak dina basa Sunda miboga harti nampa jeung nyambut, sedengkeun angka 18 nu dina basa Sunda diucapkeun ''dalapan welas'' '' ''konotasina welas asih nu hartina Allah nu geus mere sagala pikeun lumangsungna kahirupan pikeun sakabéh umat manusa di dunya.<ref name=":6" /> Acara ngajayak mangrupa datangna opat rombongan nu mawa paré jeung sagala rupa beubeutian tina opat arah mata angin ka gedung paseban.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/jawa-barat/2017/09/14/mengenal-seren-taun-ritual-tahunan-masyarakat-adat-sunda-wiwitan-cigugur|title=Mengenal Seren Taun, Ritual Tahunan Masyarakat Adat Sunda Wiwitan Cigugur|date=2017-09-14|newspaper=Pikiran Rakyat|language=id|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> Puncak acara Seren Taun mangrupa nutu paré dina ping 22 Rayagung ogé miboga ma’na sorangan.<ref name=":6" /> Angka 22 nyaéta ti angka 20 jeung 2.<ref name=":6" /> Paréna ditutu di puncak acara nyaéta 22kwintal nu 20 jang ditutu tuluy dibagikeun ka masarakat, ari nu 2kwintal mah pikeun binih.<ref name=":6" /> Puncak acara Sérén Taun nyaéta upacara Ngadiukeun, atawa ngasupkeun pocong paré ka Leuit Si Jimat ku Pingpinan Adat Kasepuhan Ciptagelar nyaéta [[Abah Ugi Sugriana Rakasiwi]] (nu ayeuna).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mongabay.co.id/2012/09/05/seren-taun-tradisi-syukur-panen-padi-ciptagelar-yang-eksis-sejak-644-tahun-yang-lalu-bagian-1/|title=Seren Taun: Tradisi Syukur Panen Padi Ciptagelar yang Eksis Sejak 644 tahun yang lalu (bagian-1)|date=2012-09-05|newspaper=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> Kidung puji-pujian ka [[Nyi Pohaci Sanghyang Asri]] dipirig ku [[kacapi]] nu intinamah ngedalkeun rasa sukur ka maha kawasa nu geus ngajaga Ciptagelar .<ref name=":4" /> == Leuit si jimat == [[Gambar:Leuit Si Jimat.jpg|jmpl|Salah sihiji warga Ciptagelar dipoto di hareup Leuit Si Jimat]] Leuit biasana sok aya di gigir atawa di tukangeun [[Imah Gedé]], wangunanna leuwih leutik ti batan imah gedé lantaran pungsina pikeun nyimpen [[paré]] atawa hasil tatanén.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nrmnews.com/2011/12/27/lumbung-padi-leuit-jimat-masyarakat-kasepuhan-cipta-gelar/|title=“…LEUIT JIMAT Si Lumbung PADI…” BENTENG Ketahanan PANGAN Warga KASEPUHAN Cipta GELAR…”|date=2011-12-27|newspaper=NASIONALIS RAKYAT MERDEKA|language=id-ID|access-date=2018-01-24}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hampir unggal imah di Ciptagelar miboga leuit, tapi aya nu leuwih kawentar di dinya nyaéta Leuit Si Jimat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabarkahiji.id/2017/05/01/leuit-jimat-simbol-ketahanan-pangan-dari-kasepuhan/|title=Leuit Jimat, Simbol Ketahanan Pangan Dari Kasepuhan {{!}} JABAR KAHIJI|last=Darmayana|first=Hiski|website=jabarkahiji.id|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511182002/http://jabarkahiji.id/2017/05/01/leuit-jimat-simbol-ketahanan-pangan-dari-kasepuhan/|archivedate=2017-05-11}}</ref> Leuit kolot nu ngajamin ayana pangan keur warga ditempatkeun di gigireun Imah Gedé Ciptagelar.{{Fact}} Warga bisa nginjeum binih paré tina Leuit Si Jimat teu maké Bunga.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://budaya-indonesia.org/Leuit-Si-Jimat|title=Leuit Si Jimat » Perpustakaan Digital Budaya Indonesia|website=budaya-indonesia.org|accessdate=2018-01-23}}</ref> Kecap Leuit Si Jimat asalna tina kecap “nyimat” nu hartina nginjeum.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Nopianti|first=Risa|date=4 Mei 2016|title=LEUIT SI JIMAT : WUJUD SOLIDARITAS SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DI KASEPUHAN SINARRESMI|url=http://ejurnalpatanjala.kemdikbud.go.id/patanjala/index.php/patanjala/article/viewFile/74/30|journal=Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Jawa Barat|doi=|pmid=|access-date=24 Januari 2018}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kecap nyimat ogé bisa dihartikeun ma’na welas asih.<ref name=":9" /> Jadi Leuit Si Jimat mémang pungsina pikeun nginjeumkeun ka masarakat kasepuhan salaku wujud welas asih Abah ka para incu putuna.<ref name=":9" /> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Kampung adat Sunda]] q5ohkod13tlhbup4vuwwec8memkizzd Kampung Adat Sirna Resmi 0 72092 729126 706130 2026-09-26T12:43:16Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jeruk Mipis, Sirnaresmi, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat.jpg|thumb|250px|<center>Kampung Sirnaresmi,Sukabumi,Jawa Kulon </center>]] '''Kasepuhan Sirna Resmi''' nyaéta salah sahiji kampung adat nu aya di Jawa Barat, perenahna di [[Sirna Resmi, Cisolok, Sukabumi|Désa Sirna Resmi]], Kacamatan Cisolok, Kabupaten Sukabumi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=1027&lang=id|title=Kampung Adat Sirna Resmi-Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat|website=www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id|accessdate=2017-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704231020/http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=1027&lang=id|archivedate=2017-07-04}}</ref> Sacara [[geografis]], Desa Sirnaresmi perenahna di  6° 48' 54" BT dan  106° 33' 3" LS.<ref name=":0" /> Désa Sirna Resmi di watesan ku walungan Cibaréno, Kampung Cibongbong, Kampung Cikarét, jeung Désa Cicadas.<ref name=":0"/> Désa Sirna Resmi miboga opat cinyusu nyaéta cinyusu [[Cipanengah]], Cisodong, Cidongkap, jeung Cisolok.<ref name=":0" /> Sedengkeun walungan nu aya di Sirna Resmi walungan [[Cidongkap]], Cipanengah, Cisodong, dan [[Cibareno]].<ref name=":0" /> Masarakat kampung adat sirna resmi pakasabanana nyaéta tatanén, pangrajin beusi, jeung panyadap. <ref name=":0" /> == Daptar Kampung Adat di Tatar Sunda == Ieu di handap mangrupikeun daptar kampung adat anu masih nanjung sarta dijaga kalayan saé di propinsi Jawa Kulon sarta Banten: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;" |- style="background-color:#e1ead2; text-align:center;" ! No !! Ngaran Kampung Adat !! Perenah (Wilayah) !! Ugeran / Ciri Khas Utama |- | 1 || '''[[Kampung Naga]]''' || [[Tasikmalaya|Kab. Tasikmalaya]] || Teu maké listrik, wangunan imah sarua (homogén), pantrang nyaritakeun sajarah dina poé nu tangtu. |- | 2 || '''[[Ciptagelar]]''' || [[Sukabumi|Kab. Sukabumi]] || Puseur budaya tatanén, mibanda rébuan leuit, sarta ngagunakeun radio/TV komunitas pikeun dakwah adat. |- | 3 || '''[[Kampung Pulo]]''' || [[Garut|Kab. Garut]] || Perenahna di pulo tengah situ, ngan kenging aya 6 imah sarta 1 masigit (simbol 6 anak awéwé & 1 anak lalaki). |- | 4 || '''[[Cireundeu]]''' || [[Kota Cimahi]] || Mandiri pangan, masarakatna henteu tuang paré tapi ngonsumsi '''[[Rasi]]''' (béas sampeu). |- | 5 || '''[[Kampung Urug]]''' || [[Bogor|Kab. Bogor]] || Wangunan gedong adatna mibanda gaya arsitektur Pajajaran, kasepuhanana masih kuat pisan. |- | 6 || '''[[Kampung Mahmud]]''' || [[Bandung|Kab. Bandung]] || Puseur nyebarna Islam di Bandung, pantrang wangunan témbok sarta sumur galian (nganggo cai walungan). |- | 7 || '''[[Kampung Dukuh]]''' || [[Garut|Kab. Garut]] || Pakakas hirup basajan pisan, mibanda filosofi hirup "Dukuh" (adat anu dumasar syaréat Islam). |- | 8 || '''[[Kampung Baduy]]''' || [[Lebak|Kab. Lebak, Banten]] || Dibagi janten Baduy Jero (bodas) anu kacida murni sarta Baduy Luar (hideung) anu tos rada kabuka. |- | 9 || '''[[Kampung Cikondang]]''' || [[Bandung|Kab. Bandung]] || Kasohor ku wangunan Bumi Adatna anu geus ratusan taun sarta upacara adat taunanana. |- | 10 || '''[[Kampung Kranggan]]''' || [[Bekasi|Kota Bekasi]] || Kampung adat anu masih aya di tengah kota, ngajaga tradisi ritual sarta sajarah karuhun Bekasi. |- | 11 || '''[[Kampung Adat Sirnaresmi]]''' || [[Sukabumi|Kab. Sukabumi]] || Kasohor ku tradisi '''[[Seren Taun]]''' anu rongkah sarta kasepuhan anu ngajaga ratusan jinis (varietas) paré lokal. |} == Rujukan == {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Kampung adat Sunda]] 0cm4dc3oc8t62bcozk6y3esg7iniqa5 Kampung Adat Cireundeu 0 72095 729125 710261 2026-09-26T12:43:15Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cireundeu.jpg|thumb|right|Gapura Kampung Adat Cireundeu]] '''Kampung Adat Cireundeu''' nyaéta [[kampung]] adat anu aya di daérah Leuwi Gajah, kacamatan [[Kota Cimahi|Cimahi]] Kidul, [[kota Cimahi]].<ref name=":0">http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=1033&lang=id {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704234436/http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=1033&lang=id |date=2017-07-04 }}</ref> Kampung Adat Cireundeu téh miboga hal anu istiméwa nyaéta nalika asup ka jero kampungna, aya tulisan hanacaraka "Wilujeng Sumping di Kampung Cireundeu". Kampung Cireundeu aya kusabab masih ngawariskeun budaya ti karuhun, ulah nepi ka anu geus aya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=1033&lang=id|title=Kampung Adat Cireundeu-Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat|website=www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id|accessdate=2017-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704234436/http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=1033&lang=id|archivedate=2017-07-04}}</ref> Aya dua tradisi anu masih dipertahankeun ku warga nu aya di ditu, nyaéta bahan pangan pokok nu masih ngagunakeun sampeu tuluy dijieun jadi rasi atawa béas sampeu, jeung masih ngayakeun tradisi 1 Suro.<ref name=":0" /> Di jerona aya 60 kapala kulawarga atawa kurang leuwih 800 jiwa<ref name=":1" />, anu kalolobaanana pagaweanana tatanén sampeu. Legana Kampung Adat Cireundeu sakitar 64 héktar, nu diwangun ku 60 héktar lahan tatanén jeung 4 héktar pikeun pamukiman. Masarakatna nepi ka kiwari masih ngagem jeung pageuh nyepeng kapercayaan Sunda Wiwitan. Maranéhna salawasna konsistén dina ngalaksanakeun ajaran kapercayaan sarta terus ngalestarikeun budaya jeung adat-istiadat warisan ti karuhunna.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://disbudparpora.cimahikota.go.id/tour/detail/25-kampung-adat-cireundeu|title=Dinas Kebudayaan Pariwisata Pemuda dan Olahraga Kota Cimahi|website=disbudparpora.cimahikota.go.id|accessdate=2026-03-31}}</ref> [[Gambar:Imah Panggung di Kampung Adat Cireundeu.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Imah Panggung di Kampung Adat Cireundeu]] Masarakat adat Cireundeu kacida pageuhna dina nyekel kapercayaan, kabudayaan, jeung adat-istiadatna. Maranéhna miboga prinsip “Ngindung ka waktu, mibapa ka jaman”. Harti “Ngindung ka waktu” nyaéta yén unggal warga kampung adat miboga cara, ciri, jeung kayakinan séwang-séwangan. Sedengkeun “Mibapa ka jaman” hartina masarakat Kampung Adat Cireundeu henteu ngalawan kana parobahan jaman, tapi nuturkeunana, saperti ayana téknologi, tipi, alat komunikasi, ''handphone'', jeung pangcaangan.<ref name=":1" /> Kampung Adat Cireundeu mangrupa salah sahiji tujuan wisata budaya anu dikunjungi ku wisatawan sapanjang taun, henteu ngan ukur dina poé libur. Jumlah pangunjung rata-rata ngahontal kurang leuwih 2.000 urang per bulan<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempo.co/hiburan/wisata-budaya-sunda-di-kampung-adat-cireundeu-cimahi-1223430|title=Wisata Budaya Sunda di Kampung Adat Cireundeu Cimahi|website=Tempo|language=id|accessdate=2026-03-31}}</ref>, kalawan paningkatan jumlah pangunjung dina sababaraha période tangtu. Kunjungan wisatawan biasana ningkat dina waktu-waktu husus, utamana nalika lumangsungna puncak upacara adat, saperti Suroan. Dina période ieu, Kampung Adat Cireundeu jadi salah sahiji pusat kagiatan budaya anu narik minat pangunjung ti rupa-rupa daérah.<ref name=":2" /> == Sajarah sarta Filosofi Pangan == Masarakat Cireundeu parantos mibanda kamerdikaan pangan saprak taun 1918. Hal ieu dimimitian ku '''[[Eyang Ali]]''' sarta '''[[Ibu Asmi]]''' anu ngajarkeun masarakat sangkan teu gumantung kana paré. Filosofi anu dicekel nyaéta: ''"Teu boga sawah asal boga kebon, teu boga paré asal boga sampeu, teu boga béas asal bisa dahar, teu dahar asal kuat."'' # [[Filosofi Singkong (Sampeu)]]: Aya prinsip anu kacida luhurna di Cireundeu ngeunaan pangan. Masarakatna nyekel deleg ugeran: "Teu boga sawah asal boga boga kebon, teu boga paré asal boga sampeu, teu bapa béas asal bisa dahar, teu dahar asal kuat." Ieu filosofi téh mimitina tina gerakan [[Kemandirian Pangan]] anu dirintis ku [[Eyang Ali]] sarta [[Ibu Asmi]] sakitar taun 1918, nalika jaman pangjajahan Walanda keur susah paré. # [[Rasi (Béas Sampeu)]] Sampeu téh henteu ngan saukur dikulub, tapi: Diparud, diperes acina, teras hampasna dipoé dugi ka garing. Sanggeus garing, ampas sampeu téh ditutu sarta diayak janten tipung kasar anu siga béas. Cara masakna ogé sami sareng ngaliwet paré. # Leuweung Larangan sarta Leuweung Tutupan]]: Di Cireundeu, leuweungna dibagi janten tilu bagian utama pikeun ngajaga kasaimbangan alam: ::* [[Leuweung Larangan]]: Leuweung anu teu meunang pisan dincak atanapi diruksak (kanggo cadangan cai). ::* [[Leuweung Tutupan]]: Leuweung anu fungsina pikeun reboisasi (penghijauan). ::* [[Leuweung Baladahan]]: Wilayah anu kenging diolah janten kebon sampeu ku masarakat. == Filosofi hirup == Masarakat adat Cireundeu nganut filosofi "''Ngindung ka waktu, mibapa ka jaman"'', anu hartina unggal jalma miboga cara, ciri, jeung kayakinan séwang-séwangan. Sanajan kitu, éta hal teu meunang papadangan jeung parobahan jaman, tapi kudu bisa nuturkeun kamekaranana.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Sanusi|first=Nunung|last2=Sidik|first2=Adi Permana|date=Januari 2022|title=KOMODIFIKASI KEUNIKAN KAMPUNG ADAT CIREUNDEU SEBAGAI OBJEK WISATA BUDAYA|url=https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/linimasa/article/download/4721/2133|journal=LINIMASA: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009055720/https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/linimasa/article/download/4721/2133|archive-date=2024-10-09|accessdate=2026-03-31}}</ref> Masarakat Cireundeu yakin yén kelestarian lemburna kudu dumasar kana kamampuh pikeun nyaluyukeun diri jeung parobahan jaman. Kamajuan téknologi informasi ogé kudu bisa diimbangkeun supaya teu leungit tina ajén-inajén anu geus aya.<ref name=":3" /> == Tradisi Suraan == Unggal tanggal 1 Sura (Taun Anyar Saka Sunda), masarakat Cireundeu ngayakeun upacara '''[[Suraan]]''' salaku wujud syukur ka Gusti Nu Maha Suci sarta ngahormat ka alam jeung karuhun. Upacara ieu biasana dipapaés ku rupa-rupa kasenian Sunda sarta ritual doa babarengan. == Galéri == <gallery> File:Jajaran Rumah di Kampung Adat Cireundeu.jpg|Jajaran Imah di Kampung Adat Cireundeu File:Alat Bunyi Untuk Ronda Terbuat Dari Bambu.jpg|Paranti Ronda File:Leuit atau Tempat Penyimpanan Padi.jpg|Leuit atau Tempat Neundeun File:Lampu Berlambang Kujang di Kampung Adat Cireundeu.jpg|Lampu Lambang Kujang di Kampung Adat Cireundeu File:Dudukuy atau Pelindung Kepala.jpg|Dudukuy File:Angklung di Kampung Adat Cireundeu.jpg|Angklung di Kampung Adat Cireundeu File:Aula Tempat Belajar di Kampung Adat Cireundeu.jpg|Aula Tempat Diajar di Kampung Adat Cireundeu.jpg File:Alat Penggiling Untuk Mengolah Singkong.jpg|Alat Paranti Ngolah Singkong File:Lisung atau Alat Penumbuk Padi.jpg|Lisung File:Saung Make Hateup Tina Jukut.jpg|Saung Make Hateup Tina Jukut </gallery> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Kampung adat Sunda]] [[Kategori:Kampung Adat]] [[Kategori:Adat Sunda]] {{pondok}} lg3s7og3yjj5c9smlx3zouswcd87t3x Kamarang 0 72350 729120 708062 2026-09-26T12:39:48Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox | image = Potter wasp 20100722.jpg | image_caption = Kamarang bikang, spésiés ''[[ancistrocerus]]''. | regnum = [[Sato|Animalia]] | phylum = [[Euarthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Hymenoptera]] | familia = [[Vespidae]] | subfamilia = '''Eumeninae''' | subdivision_ranks = Genera | diversity =[[Daptar genera kamarang|leuwih ti 200 genera jeung 3200 spésiés]] }} '''Kamarang '''([[basa Inggris]]: '''''Potter wasps''', '''mason wasps'''''), atawa '''''eumeninae''''' nyaéta gorombolan [[nyiruan]] kosmopolitan nu kiwari digolongkeun minangka subfamili [[Vespidae]], ngan baheula mah sakapeung dipikawanoh minangka kulawarga nu misah, '''''eumenidae'''''. == Wangenan == [[Gambar:Mesoscutum_Cephalastor_estela.PNG|kiri|jmpl|Partial dorsal view of the thorax of ''Cephalastor estela'' showing the position of tegulae and parategulae relative to the mesoscutum and pronotum]] Lolobana mah spésiés ''eumeninae ''téh warnana hideung atawa coklat, jeung deuih biasana mah ditandaan ku pola kontras [[Konéng (warna)|konéng]], [[bodas]], [[oranyeu]], atawa beureum nu nyacas; ngan sawatara spésiés, mayoritas asalna ti daérah [[tropis]], némbongkeun warna nu geuneuk kawas sorotan [[logam]] [[biru]] atawa [[héjo]] nu dominan dina warna kasang tukang. Kawas lolobanana vespids, jangjangna ditilep sacara longitudinal nalika reureuh. Kamarang utamana mah dipikawanoh ku kombinasi karakteristik kieu: 1) proyéksi postérolateral nu dipikawanoh minangka paratégula dina dua sisi [[Mesothorax|mésoskutum]]; 2) cakar tarsal [[suing]]; 3) coxae tukang jeung carina dorsal longitudinal atawa tilepan, sok ngembang jadi lobus atawa huntu; jeung 4) jangjang hareup kalawan tilu sél submarginal. == Biologi == [[Gambar:Potter_wasp_nest_6734.jpg|ka|jmpl|Sayang kamarang nu naplok dina bata.<br> ]] Ari sayang kamarang mah rupa-rupa. Spésiés nu béda mumkin ngagunakeun sistem nu nyangkaruk (kayaning torowongan [[bangbung]] dina kai, sayang bolékér [[Hymenoptera]] nu ditinggalkeun malah mah liang jieunan manusa jiga liang urut paku atawa liang urut sekrup) nu diropéa ku ieu kamarang, atawa ogé ngabangun sayang anyar. Kamarang aya nu sayangna di jero taneuh, aya ogé nu sayangna kabuka. Dina sayang téh meureun mibanda hiji atawa sawatara sél indung. Bahan pisayangeun nu panglobana dipaké téh nyaéta [[leutak]] nu dijieun tina campuran taneuh jeung cai nu diutahkeun tina sungutna, ngan loba spésiés mah ngagunakeun bahan tina gayeman [[pepelakan]]. Sakum spésiés kamarang nu dipikawanoh mangrupa prédator, lolobana kamarang téh panyalur massal, sanajan sawatara spésiés nu kaisolasi mah mah némbongkeun kaayaan primitif lalampahanna jeung taki-taki progresif.<ref>[von Frisch, 1974].</ref>[[Gambar:Eumenide_Nestbau.jpg|ka|jmpl|Kamarang keur ngabangun sayang]] Nalika sél anggeus, kamarang kolot biasana kumpal-kempil [[larva bangbung]], [[lancah]] atawa [[hileud]] sarta maéhanna, nempatkeun nu geus dikumpulkeun téh di jero sél, minangkana mah jadi hakaneun pikeun hiji larva kamarang tunggal. MInangka aturan normal, kamarang kolot neundeung endog tunggal di sél nu kosong saméméh nyayagakeunna. Sawatara spésiés neundeun endog di pabeungeutan sél, kakocoran tina benang cairan garing. Nalika larva kamarang megar, bakal turun jeung mimiti diparan ku kahakanan nu geus disayagakeun salila sawatara minggu saméméh ngalampahan [[pupasi]]. Siklus hirup nu lengkep bisa lumangsung ti sawatawa minggu nepi ka leuwih ti sataun, ti endog kénéh nepi ka jadi kamarang kolot. Kamarang kolot ngadahar [[néktar|sari kembang]]. == Taksonomi == Kamarang mangrupa subfamili [[vespida]] nu pangbeungharna, kalawan leuwih ti 200 marga, jeung ngandung sabagéan badag spésiés dina kulawarga (leuwih ti 3200 spésiés ti total kurang leuwih 4.500 di sakumna kulawarga). Kamonésan morfologi nu luar biasa ti spésiés kamarang kaeunteung dina kumembangna genera nu dikotrétkeun pikeun ngagorombolkeunna jadi golongan nu leuwih gampang dikokolakeunna. == Galéri == <gallery> Gambar:Odynerus spinipes.jpg|''[[Odynerus spinipes]]'' Gambar:Potter wasp 4932.jpg|Eumenes fraternus jeung reungit nyedot néktar di Solidago Gambar:Eumenes pomiformis01.jpg|Eumenes pomiformis Gambar:Wasp August 2007-3.jpg|Euodynerus sp. Gambar:Potterwasp.JPG|Kamarang nyedot néktar Gambar:Potter's Wasp Nests.jpg|Sayang kamarang, Springdale, AR Gambar:Phimenes flavopictum in Kadavoor.jpg|Wewengkon phimenes flavopictum Gambar:Phimenes flavopictus, potter wasp - Erawan National Park.jpg|Erawan National Park, Thailand Gambar:Mason wasp nest just after sealing(pseudodynerus quadrisectus).jpg|Sayang pseudodynerus quadrisectus dina urut liang sayang [[bangbara]] </gallery> == Tempo ogé == * [[Bangbara]] * [[Éngang]] * [[Nyiruan]] * [[Papanting]] * [[Teuweul]] * [[Tiwuan]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} * {{Cite journal|last=James M. Carpenter|year=1986|title=A synonymic generic checklist of the Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)|url=http://psyche.entclub.org/pdf/93/93-061.pdf|format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]|journal=[[Psyche (entomological journal)|Psyche]]|volume=93|pages=61–90|doi=10.1155/1986/12489|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718231451/http://psyche.entclub.org/pdf/93/93-061.pdf|archive-date=2019-07-18|accessdate=2017-11-07}} * Carpenter, J. M. & B. R. Garcete-Barrett. 2003. A key to the néotropical genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Boletín del Muséo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay 14: 52–73. * Giordani Soika, 1989. Terzo contributo alla conoscenza degli eumenidi afrotropicali (Hymenoptera). Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali Lavori 14(1) 1989: 19–68. * Giordani Soika, A. 1992. Di alcuni eumenidi nuovi o poco noti (Hymenoptera Vespoidéa). Societá Veneziana di Scienze Naturali Lavori 17 1992: 41–68. * Giordani Soika, A. 1993. Di alcuni nuovi eumenidi della regione orientale (Hym. Vespoidéa). Bollettino del Muséo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 42, 30 giugno 1991(1993): 151–163. * Gusenleitner. 1992. Zwei neue Eumeniden-Gattungen und -Arten aus Madagaskar (Vespoidéa, Hymenoptera). Linzer Biologische Beiträge 24(1) 1992: 91–96. * CSIRO Entomology Division. 1991. The Insects of Australia: a textbook for Students and Reséarch. 2nd Edition. Melbourne University Press and Cornell University Press. 1137 pp. == Tutumbu luar == * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/wasps/potter_wasps.htm ''Eumenes'' spp., potter wasps of Florida] on the UF / IFAS Féatured Créatures Web site * [http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Vespidae Vespidae: Potter wasps; Vespid wasps; Social wasps; Hornets; Paper wasps; Yellowjackets] * [http://bugguide.net/node/view/249/bgimage?from=192 Subfamily Eumeninae - Potter and Mason Wasps] [[Kategori:Nyiruan]] [[Kategori:Vespidae]] [[Kategori:Seungseureudan]] 766ramon0axkvej6oecyvabl90vr8ou Kalua 0 72619 729118 665238 2026-09-26T12:36:36Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Kandované, sušené ovoce a květy (dýně) 05.jpg|150px|right|thumb|Kalua]] '''Kalua''' (''manisan'') nyaéta kadaharan olahan nu mibanda rasa amis, dijieun tina rupa-rupa bungbuahan aya ogé tina kulit jeruk nu diolah maké campuran gula kalawan hasilna jadi garing. <ref name=yetti/> Kalua ilaharna nunjul kana kalua jeruk (dijieun tina cangkang [[jeruk Bali]]), [[kalapa]], jeung [[gedang]].<ref name=yetti>{{cite book|title=Makanan: Wujud, Variasi dan Fungsinya Serta Cara Penyajiannya Pada Orang|pages=160|Last=,Nia Masnia,Titi Haryanti|fist=Yetti|publish=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan|Year=1993}}</ref> Kalua didahar mangsa rinéh, dibarengan ku cai entéh atawa kopi.<ref name=yetti/> Sabada dijieun kalua leuwih awét ditunda henteu gancang buruk dina waktu nu lumayan lila, kitu deui rasana béda pisan ti mimiti nu tadina kesed atawa pait, jadi amis kareueut tur ngeunah rasana.<ref name="kalua"/> Di Bandung hususna di daérah [[Ciwidéy]], kalua téh loba nu ngadagangkeun malahan kaasup jajanan oleh-oleh nu mandiri ti éta daérah.<ref name=Ciwidey>{{cite news |url=http://ayobandung.com/read/20151226/61/6023/empat-ole-ole-ini-khas-ciwidey|title=Empat Ole-ole Ini Khas Ciwidey|date=2016-12-26|Accessed=2017-11-16|work=Ayo Bandung|Editor=Yatti Chahyati}}</ref> Kalua nu didagangkeun di dieu dijieun tina kulit [[jeruk Bali]], dina rasa jeung [[kelir]] geus di réka-réka aya nu [[beureum]] rasa [[strobéri]], [[héjo]] rasa [[mandalika]], jeung [[konéng]] rasa [[kadu]].<ref name=Ciwidey/> == Cara nyieun kalua jeruk == * [[Jeruk Bali]] nu masih kénéh teuas (ngora) di pesék cangkangna * Cangkangna nu masih héjo di pesék deui nepika leungit nu héjona, kari bobodasna * Tuluy beresihan sarta dikeueum dina [[cai]] apu [[seureuh]] * Kulit jeruk beunang ngeueum tuluy di teukteukan, gedéna kurang leuwih tilu [[ramo]] * Tuluy godog dina cai [[gula]] (bisa gula beureum atawa gula bodas) * Mangsa caina geus garing, geuwat dijait, saterusna dipoe heula * Kalua geus siap dikonsumsi. <ref name="kalua">{{cite news|url=http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=705&lang=id|author=disparbud|Acessed=17-11-14|work=disparbud|title=Arsip salinan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704230553/http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id/wisata/dest-det.php?id=705&lang=id|archive-date=2017-07-04|access-date=2017-11-17}}</ref> == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|2}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Kadaharan]] [[Kategori:Kaolahan]] [[Kategori:Asakan]] [[Kategori:Masakan Indonesia]] 21502i72l760sclf13yn03gkdfwk9i5 Kaldéra 0 72949 729112 697520 2026-09-26T12:33:52Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 7 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729112 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Kaldera Gunung Rinjani.jpg|jmpl|Kaldera Gunung Rinjani atawa Situ Sagara Anak di Lombok NTB]] '''Kaldéra''' nyaéta [[Kawah|kawah vulkanik]] atawa kepundan [[gunung berapi]] anu kacida gedé jeung lega anu kawangun akibat runtuhna bagéan puncak gunung berapi sarta runtuhna babatuan panahan ka jero dapur [[magma]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kbbi.web.id/kaldera|title=Arti kata kaldera - Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online|last=Setiawan|first=Ebta|website=kbbi.web.id|accessdate=2018-02-05}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=Ensiklopedia Geografi|last=Marbun|first=M.A|publisher=Yudhistira|year=2004|isbn=979-746-308-7|location=Bogor|pages=30}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geologinesia.com/2017/07/kaldera-adalah-kawah-vulkanik-ini-pengertiannya.html|title=Kaldera Adalah Kawah Vulkanik Ini Pengertiannya|last=Geost|first=Flysh|website=Geologinesia-Geology and Earth Science|publisher=|accessdate=6 Februari 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214055732/http://www.geologinesia.com/2017/07/kaldera-adalah-kawah-vulkanik-ini-pengertiannya.html|archivedate=2018-02-14}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=Geografi: Membuka Cakrawala Dunia|last=Utoyo|first=Bambang|publisher=PT Setia Purna Inves|year=2007|isbn=978-979-9255-85-3|location=Bandung|pages=52}}</ref> Sacara basa, kaldéra asalna tina [[basa Spanyol]] anu hartina [[katél]].<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bimbingan.org/kaldera-adalah.htm|title=Benarkah Kaldera Adalah Kawah Vulkanik?|last=|first=|website=Bimbingan.org|publisher=|accessdate=8 Februari 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918014326/http://www.bimbingan.org/kaldera-adalah.htm|archivedate=2017-09-18}}</ref> Dina hal ieu, wangun kaldéra disaruakeun jeung wangun katél anu cekung siga wadah.<ref name=":3" /> Diaméter atawa garis tengah kaldéra bisa mangpuluh-puluh garis tengah tina rata-rata kawah gunung api biasa.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Ilmu Bumi Alam|last=Resosudarmo|first=Sudjiran|publisher=PT Rosda Jayaputra|year=1984|isbn=|location=Jakarta|pages=57}}</ref> Numutkeun ahli élmu bumi [[Arthur L. Bloom]], panjang diaméter hiji kaldéra minimal 1,6 kilométer.<ref name=":7" /> Misalna [[Gunung Krakatau|Krakatau]] garis tengahna 7 km, [[Tengger]] 8 km, [[Ijén]] 11 km, [[Iyang]] 17 km, jeung kaldéra anu panglegana nyaéta [[Aso]] di [[Jepang]] anu legana 25 km. <ref name=":4" /> == Sajarah == Ngaran kaldéra mimiti dipaké keur hiji liang anu kacida gedéna di [[kapuloan Kanari]] anu diaméterna kurang leuwih 5 km sarta dikurilingan ku [[cadas]]-cadas anu jangkungna 900 méter.<ref name=":7" /> Dina taun [[1815]], hiji ahli [[géologi]] [[Jérman]] [[Leopold van Bunch]] ngadatangan kaldéra Las Cañadas ti Teide di [[Tenerife]], jeung kaldéra de Taburiente di [[La Palma]], duanana aya di Kapuloan Canaria.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://jawa-timur.karyawan.web.id/ind/2793-2683/Kaldera_28534_unkris_jawa-timur-karyawan.html#Kaldera_karena_letusan|title=Kaldera|last=|first=|website=karyawan.web.id|publisher=|accessdate=8 Februari 2018}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Waktu catetanana dipublikasikeun, manéhna ngawanohkeun istilah ''caldera'' kana kosakecap géologi.<ref name=":8" /> == Prosés Kawangunna == [[Gambar:Mount Mazama eruption timeline.PNG|jmpl|Prosés kawangunna kaldéra]] Kawangunna kaldéra mangrupa hiji jejer dina kajian gunung api, vulkanologi.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://rovicky.com/2010/12/03/pembentukan-kaldera-gunungapi/|title=Pembentukan Kaldera Gunung Api|last=|first=|website=Dongeng Geologi|publisher=|accessdate=8 Februari 2018}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kawangunna kaldéra di [[Gunung|gunung api]] mangrupa ciri yén éta gunung api geus kacida kolotna jeung aya dina tahap anu satuluyna di mana puncak gunung geus henteu basajan deui sakumaha mimitina nyaéta winangun [[aseupan]] (kerucut) atawa perisai.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://kamusq.com/kaldera-adalah-pengertian-dan-defenisi/|title=Kaldera adalah{{!}}Pengertian dan Definisi|last=|first=|website=Kamus Q|publisher=|accessdate=6 Februari 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123214818/http://www.kamusq.com/2013/04/kaldera-adalah-pengertian-dan-definisi.html|archivedate=2018-01-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123214818/http://www.kamusq.com/2013/04/kaldera-adalah-pengertian-dan-definisi.html|date=2018-01-23}}</ref> Kaldéra kawangun ku lantaran ayana letusan éksplosif gunung api jeung runtuhna batuan ka jero dapur [[magma]] anu geus kosong.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geologinesia.com/2016/02/kaldera-gunung-api-dan-proses.html|title=Kaldera Gunung Api dan Proses Pembentukannya|last=Geost|first=Flysh|website=Geologinesia|publisher=|accessdate=6 Februari 2018}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Waktu hiji ruang magma anu gedé dikosongkeun ku letusan gunung api atawa akibat gerakan magma di handapeun permukaan, [[Batu|batuan]] panahan anu ngawangun dapur magma bagéan luhur bakal runtuh jeung ngawangun hiji kawah anu gedé.<ref name=":1" /> Crater Lake di [[Oregon]] jeung kaldéra-kaldéra lainna kawangun akibat ieu prosés.<ref name=":1" /> Hal ieu sakumaha anu disebutkeun ku Bemmelen c.s. yén lantaran letusan Perret nepi ka ngabalukarkeun ruangan kosong di jero gunung api jeung puncakna titeuleum nepi ka ngahasilkeun kawah anu lega anu disebut kaldera. <ref name=":4" /> Letusan dahsyat ngahasilkeun liang jeung ngaluarkeun lebu vulkanik anu kacida jangkungna, kalawan dibarengan ku material piroklastik (''pyroclastic flows'').<ref name=":1" /> Lantaran makin loba magma anu maksa ka luhur, bakal makin loba retakan batuan di sabudeureun puncak nepi ka nyababkeun runtuhna batuan panahan.<ref name=":1" /> Ledakan kaldéra (''explosive calderas'') kawangun waktu magma dina jumlah anu kacida lobana tur ngandung loba [[Silikon|silika]] jeung [[gas]], maju ka luhur.<ref name=":1" /> Magma anu ngandung silika nu loba pisan miboga [[viskositas]] anu kacida gedéna anu ngamungkinkeun maranéhna nahan gelembung gas di handapeun tekenan anu kacida gedéna.<ref name=":1" /> Waktu magma naék ka luhur, aya pangurangan tekenan nepi ka ngabalukarkeun panyebaran gas anu lega.<ref name=":1" /> Gas anu kacida lobana bakal ngabalukarkeun ledakan gedé anu mawa magma jeung batuan sabudeureunana dina volume anu kacida gedéna.<ref name=":1" /> Ledakan gedé hiji gunung api biasa disebut minangka supervulkan (supervolcano).<ref name=":1" /> Sedengkeun numutkeun sababaraha ahli lain saperti Escher, manéhna nétélakeun yén henteu mungkin nepi ka aya kakosongan dina jero sumber magma, tapi lantaran letusan Perret pipa kawah jadi lega anu nyababkeun morosotna dingding kawah jeung ngahasilkeun kaldéra.<ref name=":4" />Sacara leuwih rinci prosés kawangunna kaldéra bisa dibagi jadi dua cara nyaéta kawangunna kaldéra lantaran érupsi gedé (érupsi éksplusif) jeung kawangunna kaldéra lantaran érupsi leutik (érupsi éfusif).<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> === Kawangunna Kaldéra Lantaran Érupsi Gedé === Kawangunna kaldéra lantaran érupsi gedé miboga dua skénario nyaéta: # skénario kahiji, letusan ngabalukarkeun puncak [[gunung]] kaalungkeun ka luhur babarengan jeung material anu robah jadi magma, [[lebu]], gas, jeung bahan-bahan piroklastika lainna jeung sababarana bagéan lainna runtuh ka jero dapur magma.<ref name=":2" /> Gedéna kaldéra anu kawangun gumantung kana sakumaha legana aréa puncak anu leungit lantaran letusan. <ref name=":2" /> # Skénario kadua, érupsi gedé ngabalukarkeun magma di dapur magma (''magma chamber'') béak lantaran letusan.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /> Magma biasana ngandung loba silika anu mampu ngahasilkeun riolit, ignimbrite, jeung rupaning batuan lainna nu engkéna bisa ngeusian kaldéra.<ref name=":3" /> Salian ti éta, magma anu beunghar ku [[Silikon|silika]] miboga tingkat ''kelekatan'' anu kacida gedéna nepi ka nyababkeun magma hésé kaluar.<ref name=":3" /> Akibatna, gas-gas di jero magma bakal ngalaman tekenan anu kacida gedéna jeung maksa permukaan bumi sarta batuan di sabudeureunana.<ref name=":3" /> Lamun magma bisa ngajebol éta babatuan, maka bakal ngabalukarkeun letusan gunung di mana magma bakal nyebrot kaluar jeung lebu-lebu vulkanik ogé milu kaluar.<ref name=":3" /> Sanggeus letusan gedé, ruangan dapur magma jadi kosong.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /> Kakosongan ieu ngabalukarkeun tekekan anu biasana nahan puncak gunung jadi euweuh tepi ka puncak jadi runtuh jeung ambles ka handap.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /> Di dieu kaldéra bakal kawangun.<ref name=":3" />Gedéna kaldéra anu kawangun lantaran ieu hal biasana sagedé dapur magma éta sorangan.<ref name=":2" /> Makin lega dapur magma hiji gunung api maka makin gedé ogé kaldéra anu kawangun.<ref name=":2" /> Tapi, lamun kagiatan vulkanik jeung letusan masih aktif salila prosés pangawungan ieu kaldéra, bagéan tengah kaldéra bakal naék jeung lila kalilaan bakal ngawangun permukaan anu siga kubah.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8" /> Ieu kondisi sabenerna leuwih bahaya lantaran kaldéra anu ngawangun kubah nandakeun yén masih aya aktivitas magma atawa magma masih ngandung silika anu ngamungkinkeun bisa meletus deui.<ref name=":3" /> Dina kajadian saperti kieu, prosés pangwangunan kaldéra mangrupa kajadian anu nyababkeun ayana [[Dano Toba]], [[Cerro Galan]], jeung [[Yellowstone]].<ref name=":3" /> Hiji kaldéra anu beunghar ku silika atawa anu ngawangun kubah karék bisa bitu ku ratusan atawa rébuan kilométer kubik material dina sakali bitu.<ref name=":8" /> Komo deui kaldéra leutik ogé bisa jadi letusan siga [[Krakatau]] dina taun [[1883]] atawa [[Gunung Pinatubo]] taun [[1991]], anu nyababkeun karusakan di sabudeureunana jeung kacatet nurunkeun suhu hawa di sakabéh permukaan bumi.<ref name=":8" /> Kaldéra anu leuwih gedé tangtuna waé bakal nyababkeun kajadian anu leuwih dahsyat.<ref name=":8" /> [[Gambar:Kaldera Scheme.png|jmpl|Skéma Kaldéra]] Waktu Kaldéra Yellowstone meletus kurang leuwih 640.000 taun ka tukang anu ngaleupaskeun material kurang leuwih 1.000 km³ (luyu jeung ukuran ''dense rock equivalent'' (DRE), anu nutup sabagéan gedé [[Amérika Utara]] nepi ka 2 méter ku lebu jeung material vulkanik.<ref name=":8" /> Minangka babandingan waktu [[Gunung St. Helens]] bitu dina taun [[1980]] anu ngaleupaskeun kurang leuwih 1,2 km³ (DRE).<ref name=":8" />Dampak ékologis tina bituna kaldéra bisa ditingali tina catetan bituna [[Dano Toba]] di [[Indonésia]].<ref name=":8" /> Pangwangunan kaldéra lantaran letusan anu dipikanyaho, hususna [[kaldéra La Garita]] di [[San Juan Colorado|Pagunungan San Juan Colorado]], di mana 5.000 km³ Fish Canyon Tuff kaalungkeun dina hiji letusan hébat kurang leuwih 27,8 juta taun ka tukang.<ref name=":8" /> Dina sababaraha titik dina skala waktu géologis, aya kaldéra riolitik dina kelompok anu béda.<ref name=":8" /> Sésa-sésa éta kelompok bisa kapanggih di tempat-tempat pagunungan San Juan Colorado (bitu dina periode tersier) atawa Saint Francois Mountain Range (bitu salila [[Proterozoikum]]).<ref name=":8" /> === Kawangunna Kaldéra Lantaran Érupsi Leutik === Béda jeung magma gunung api anu ngandung loba silika, sababaraha gunung api miboga sipat anu [[Basalt|basal]].<ref name=":3" /> Hartina éta magma henteu miboga kandungan silika nu loba nepi ka gampang ngalir jeung henteu miboga tekenan anu gedé.<ref name=":3" /> Aliran magma anu tuluy tumuluy jeung cukup lancar nyababkeun ayana kakosongan di jero [[taneuh]].<ref name=":3" /> Sarua jeung kajadian letusan, kakosongan ieu nyababkeun taneuh [[urug]].<ref name=":3" /> Kawangunna kaldéra lantaran érupsi leutik kajadian sacara lalaunan jeung tanpa letusan.<ref name=":2" /> Hal ieu biasana disababkeun ku lantaran salian ti puncak kepundan, ékstruksi magma ogé aya ngaliwatan liang di léréng gunung.<ref name=":2" /> Lantaran ayana liang-liang alternatif magma ngabalukarkeun awak gunung henteu kuat jeung henteu mampu ngajaga kasaimbangan nepi ka gaya [[gravitasi]] bakal nyababkeun awak gunung ambles keur ngeusian rongga kosong anu aya di handapeunana.<ref name=":2" /> Daérah anu ambles éta anu tuluy jadi kaldéra.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /> Gedé leutikna kaldéra anu kawangun biasana gumantung kana ukuran awak gunung anu ngalaman [[urug]].<ref name=":2" /> Prosés kawangunna kaldéra ku ieu cara nyababkeun [[lini]] jeung lééhan [[lava]] anu kacida gedéna.<ref name=":2" /> Ieu prosés dipikawanoh ku sebutan kaldéra susutan lantaran prosésna lumangsung bertahap jeung henteu saékstrim pangwangunan kaldéra alatan letusan.<ref name=":3" /> Conto kaldéra susutan nyaéta [[Kilauea|Kaldéra Kilauea]], [[Taburiente|Kaldéra Taburiente]], jeung [[La Palma|Kaldéra La Palma]] di pulo [[Canaria]].<ref name=":3" /> Dina prosés ieu, kaldéra mangrupa hasil runtuhna permukaan akibat magma anu ngalir kaluar jeung ieu kaldéra henteu kaasup kana kawah vulkanik.<ref name=":3" /> Kaldéra Kilauea miboga kawah jero anu dipikawanoh minangka Halema‘uma‘u, anu umumna dieusi ku dano lava.<ref name=":8" /> Kaldera Taburiente jeung Caldereta, duanana aya di pulo La Palma (Kapuloan Canaria), mangrupa kaldéra anu kosong lantaran aliran walungan lava kurang leuwih 500.000 taun ka tukang.<ref name=":8" /> Conto lainna nyaéta kaldéra [[pulo Fernandina]] runtuh dina taun [[1968]] basa sabagéan tina dasar kaldéra turun 350 méter. <ref name=":8" /> Prosés kawangunna kaldéra dina gunung api nyababkeun parobahan anu signifikan kana wangun [[morfologi]] atawa [[topografi]] tina gunung api éta sorangan.<ref name=":2" /> Morfologi jeung topografi anyar kadang-kadang nyababkeun pamandangan peuting anu éndah jeung unik.<ref name=":2" /> Kaldéra gunung api bisa dieusian ku zat padet saperti [[keusik]] atawa zat cair.<ref name=":2" /> == Kaldera nu aya di Bumi == === Kaldera di Indonesia === Aya sababaraha gunung api di Indonésia anu miboga kaldéra diantarana: # [[Gunung Tambora]] (Pulo [[Sumbawa]], [[Nusa Tenggara]]) kalawan diaméter kaldéra kurang leuwih 6 km.<ref name=":7" /> # [[Gunung Krakatau]] ([[Selat Sunda]]) kalawan diaméter kaldéra kurang leuwih 7 km.<ref name=":7" /> # [[Gunung Batur]] ([[Bali]]) kalawan diaméter kaldéra kurang leuwih 10 km.<ref name=":7" /> # [[Gunung Ijén]] ([[Banyuwangi]], [[Jawa Wétan]]) kalawan diaméter kaldéra kurang leuwih 11 km.<ref name=":7" /> Salian ti éta gunung, kaldéra anu kasohor nyaéta [[Kaldéra Toba]] jeung [[Kaldéra Diéng]].<ref name=":1" /> Salah sahiji anu kasohor pisan nyaéta kaldéra toba.<ref name=":0" /> Ieu kaldéra miboga panjang kurang leuwih 100 kilométer jeung lébarna 35 kilométer.<ref name=":0" /> Kawangun tina hasil ledakan anu kacida gedéna jeung mindeng disebut minangka "Toba Supervolcano".<ref name=":0" /> [[Érupsi]] Toba mangrupa érupsi panggedéna anu aya di [[Bumi]], kajadian kurang leuwih 74 rébu taun nu geus kaliwat.<ref name=":0" /> Éta kawah vulkanik kiwari jadi objék wisata anu kasohor nyaéta [[Dano Toba]].<ref name=":0" /> ==== Toba Supervolcano ==== Gunung Toba mangrupa super volcano atawa gunung aktif dina kategori anu kacida gedéna.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompasiana.com/hendi/super-vulcano-dua-diantaranya-di-indonesia_55003bc9a33311a96f5106e7|title=Super Volcano, Dua Diantaranya di Indonesia|last=Kasep|first=Hendi|website=Kompas.com|publisher=|accessdate=9 Februari 2018}}</ref> Terahir bitu kurang leuwih 74.000 taun nu ka tukang, anu kiwari ngan saukur jadi hiji dano nyaéta Dano Toba, [[Sumatera Kalér]], [[Indonésia]] nu mangrupa urut kaldéra panggedéna di dunya.<ref name=":9" /> Letusan anu dipikawanoh ku sebutan Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) mangrupa letusan anu panggedéna nu ngawangun dano (kaldéra) siga kiwari.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2013/12/saat-toba-meletus-malapetaka-terjadi-di-bumi|title=Saat Toba Meletus Malapetaka Terjadi di Bumi|last=Lolaita|first=Ima|website=nationalgeographic.co.id|publisher=|accessdate=9 Februari 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126100913/http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2013/12/saat-toba-meletus-malapetaka-terjadi-di-bumi|archivedate=2018-01-26}}</ref> Ngaleupaskeun saeutikna 2.800 km kubik magma ka udara, letusan YTT jadi anu pangbadagna di Bumi dina dua juta taun terahir.<ref name=":12" /> Akibat letusan Toba henteu ngan saukur luncuran méga panas jeung lebu anu bahaya.<ref name=":12" /> Mamala panggedéna dina skala global tina letusan Toba nyaéta parobahan iklim. <ref name=":12" /> ===== Bukti Ilmiah ===== Dina taun [[1939]], [[géolog]] [[Belanda]] [[Van Bemmelen]] ngalaporkeun yén Dano Toba anu panjangna 100 km jeung lébarna 30 km dikurilingan ku [[batu apung]] titinggal tina bituna gunung.<ref name=":9" /> Lantaran éta, Van Bemmelen nyindekkeun yén Toba mangrupa hiji gunung api.<ref name=":9" /> Kadieunakeun, sababaraha panalungtik lain manggihan lebu rhyolit anu saumur jeung batuan Toba di [[Malaysia]], nepi ka 3.000 km ka beulah kalér tepi ka [[India Tengah]].<ref name=":9" /> Sababaraha ahli kalautan ogé ngalaporkeun geus manggihan tapak-tapak batuan Toba di [[Samudra Hindia]] jeung [[Teluk Benggala|Teluk Bengal]].<ref name=":9" /> Para panalungtik awal, Van Bemmelen ogé Aldiss & Ghazali ([[1984]]) ngira-ngira yén Toba kacipta ngaliwatan hiji letusan anu kacida gedéna.<ref name=":9" /> Tapi panalungtik lain saperti [[Vestappen]] ([[1961]]), [[Yokoyama]] jeung [[Hehanusa]] ([[1981]]), jeung [[Nishimura]] (1984), boga pamadegan yén éta kaldéra kacipta ngaliwatan sababaraha kali bitu.<ref name=":9" /> Panalungtik anu leuwih anyar, Knight saparakanca ([[1986]]) jeung Chesner jeung Rose ([[1991]]) méré pamadegan anu leuwih rinci nyaéta kaldéra Toba kacipta ngaliwatan tilu letusan raksasa.<ref name=":9" /> Panalungtikan ngeunaan Toba nepi ka ayeuna masih kénéh dikeureuyeuh.<ref name=":9" /> Salah sahiji panalungtik Toba entragan panganyarna nyaéta Fauzi ti Indonésia, [[séismolog]] di [[Badan Météorologi jeung Géofisika]].<ref name=":9" /> Sarjana [[Fisika]] ti [[Universitas Indonesia|Universitas Indonésia]] lulusan [[1985]] ieu meunang gelar PhD ti [[Renssealer Polytechnic Institute]], [[New York]], dina taun [[1998]] keur panalungtikanana ngeunaan Toba.<ref name=":9" /> ===== Aya di Tilu Lémpéng Téktonik ===== Posisi Gunung Toba (ayeuna: Dano Toba) di Indonésia kaasup kana daérah nu rawan mamala.<ref name=":9" /> Ieu hal patali jeung posisi Indonésia anu aya di tengah-tengah tempat panggihna tilu lémpéng téktonik nyaéta Aurasia, Indo-Australia, jeung [[Lémpéng Pasifik]].<ref name=":9" /> Kurang leuwih 80% ti wilayah Indonésia aya di lémpéng Aurasia anu ngawengku [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], [[Kalimantan]], [[Sulawesi]], jeung [[Banda]].<ref name=":9" /> Lémpéng benua ieu hirup, lémpéng Indo-Australia misalna nubruk lémpéng Aurasia anu jauhna 7 cm per taun, atawa lémpéng Pasifik anu ngagésér sacara rélatif ka lémpéng Aurasia anu jauhna 11 cm per taun.<ref name=":9" /> Hal éta ngabalukarkeun ayana rangkéan gunung, kaasup gunung api Toba.<ref name=":9" /> Lamun aya tubrukan, lémpéng lautan anu ngandung lapisan sédimén nyulusup di handapeun lémpéng benua. Ieu prosés dingaranan subduksi.<ref name=":9" /> Gunung hasil subduksi salah sahijina Gunung Toba. Sanajan ayeuna wangunna geus henteu mangrupa gunung, sésa-sésa bituna masih katingali tepi ka ayeuna.<ref name=":9" /> Bagéan anu kaalungkeun akibat bituna éta gunung nepi ka 100 km x 30 km pasagi.<ref name=":9" /> Daérah anu nyésa tuluy ngawangun kaldéra.<ref name=":9" /> Di tengah-tengahna tuluy bijil pulo [[Samosir]].<ref name=":9" /> ===== Bituna Gunung Toba ===== [[Gambar:Danau Toba dan Pulau Samosir.jpg|jmpl|Dano Toba jeung Pulo Samosir akibat Letusan Gunung Toba anu katilu kalina]] Saméméhna Gunung Toba kungsi bitu tilu kali nyaéta: # kajadianana kurang leuwih 800 rébu taun nu ka tukang ngahasilkeun kaldéra di kiduleun Dano Toba anu ngawengku daérah [[Prapat]] jeung [[Porsea]].<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=http://www.netralnews.com/news/singkapsejarah/read/107591/sejarah.letusan.gunung.toba.yang.terdahs|title=Sejarah Letusan Gunung Toba yang Terdahsyat|last=|first=|date=12 Oktober 2017|work=|access-date=9 Februari 2018|via=netralnews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216045239/http://www.netralnews.com/news/singkapsejarah/read/107591/sejarah.letusan.gunung.toba.yang.terdahs|archive-date=2018-02-16}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://www.becaksiantar.com/2012/04/ternyata-ledakan-gunung-toba-terdahsyat.html|title=Ternyata Ledaka Gunung Toba Terdahsyat|last=Ringo|first=Abang|website=Becak Siantar|publisher=|accessdate=9 Februari 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206022642/http://www.becaksiantar.com/2012/04/ternyata-ledakan-gunung-toba-terdahsyat.html|archivedate=2018-02-06}}</ref> # Bituna Gunung Toba nu kadua, 500 juta taun nu ka tukang miboga kakuatan anu leuwih leutik nyababkeun ayana kaldera di kalereun Dano Toba.<ref name=":10" /> <ref name=":11" />Perenahna di daérah [[Silalahi]] jeung [[Haranggaol]]. Tina letusan ieu tuluy disusul ku letusan nu katilu nu pangbadagna. <ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> # Gunung Toba bitu anu katilu, 74.000 taun ka tukang .<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> <ref name=":11" />Tina ieu kajadian ngahasilkeun kaldéra tuluy jadi Dano Toba anu kiwari aya Pulo Samosir di tengah-tengahna.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> Ieu gunung kaasup kana Supervolcano lantaran Gunung Toba miboga kantong magma anu gedé lamun bitu kaldéra anu dihasilkeunana bakal gedé pisan.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":11" /> Volcano kaldérana ratusan méter sedengkeun supervolcano bisa puluhan kilométer.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":11" /> Anu matak ngirut nyaéta ayana anomali gravitasi di Toba.<ref name=":9" /> Numutkeun [[hukum gravitasi]], antara hiji tempat jeung tempat lainna bakal miboga gaya tarik bumi anu sarua lamun miboga massa, ketinggian, jeung karélatifan anu sarua.<ref name=":9" /> Lamun aya matéri lain nu aya di dinya kalawan massa anu béda, bakal ngabalukarkeun gaya tarik anu béda.<ref name=":9" /> Lamun hiji gunung bitu bakal loba matéri anu kaluar, hartina masa jeung gaya tarikna bakal ngurangan.<ref name=":9" /> Tuluy bakal aya ''up-lifting'' (pangangkatan).<ref name=":9" /> Hal ieu anu nyababkeun ayana Pulo Samosir.<ref name=":9" /> Magma anu aya di handap tuluy maksa ka luhur, lalaunan lantaran geus teu boga daya keur bitu.<ref name=":9" /> Ieu gerakan nyaluyukeun jeung normalna gravitasi.<ref name=":9" /> Hal ieu kajadian dina jangka waktu rcbuan taun.<ref name=":9" /> Ngan Samosir anu kaangkat lantara daérah éta anu panghampangna. Sedengkeun daérah lain mangrupa dingding kaldéra.<ref name=":9" /> ==== Gunung Tambora ==== Gunung Tambora lokasina aya di [[Pulo Sumbawa]], [[Nusa Tenggara Kulon|Nusa Tenggara Barat]], pernahna dina 8°25' LS dan 118° BT.<ref name=":9" /> Ieu gunung kaasup kana gunung api aktif kalawan jangkungna 2.850 meter.<ref name=":9" /> ===== Bituna Tambora ===== [[Gambar:Caldera Mt Tambora Sumbawa Indonesia.jpg|jmpl|Kaldéra Gunung Tambora di Sumbawa]] Dina tanggal [[10 April]] [[1815]], Gunung Tambora bitu ngaluarkeun magma nepi ka 100 km³, ngaleupaskeun 400 km³ lebu ka angkasa nepi ka 44 km tina permukaan taneuh.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2015/04/150406_sainstambora|title=Menelusuri Jejak Letusan Gunung Tambora Dua Abad Lalu|last=Lestari|first=Sri|date=|work=|access-date=9 Februari 2018|via=bbc.com}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/meletusnya-gunung-tambora-dan-akibatnya-terhadap-dunia-cmqu|title=Meletusnya Gunung Tambora dan Akibatnya Terhadap Dunia|last=Firman|first=Tony|website=Tirto.id|publisher=|accessdate=9 Februari 2018}}</ref> Dina taun [[1816]], akibat bituna ieu gunung nyababkeun suhu bumi turun pisan nepi ka ayana pendinginan global.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":15">{{Cite news|url=http://sains.kompas.com/read/2017/11/05/180800123/apa-yang-terjadi-bila-gunung-tambora-meletus-di-masa-depan|title=Apa yang Terjadi Bila Gunung Tambora Meletus di Masa Depan|last=Novena|first=Monika|date=|work=|access-date=9 Februari 2018|via=}}</ref> Taun ieu dipikawanoh minangka "Taun tanpa usum panas".<ref name=":9" /> <ref name=":13" /><ref name=":15" />Parobahan cuaca anu drastis nyababkeun kasebarna wabah [[panyakit]] jeung kalaparan akibat gagal panén di sakabéh dunya<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":15" />Bituna Gunung Tambora paling henteu dayana opat kali tikeleun bituna [[Gunung Krakatau]] dina taun [[1883]]<ref name=":9" /> Waktu ieu gunung bitu, sababaraha urang Belanda anu aya di [[Surabaya]] nyatet dina buku poéanana yén maranéhna ngaku ngadéngé sora bituna éta gunung<ref name=":9" /> Ogé sababaraha jalma anu aya di Australia bagéan Barat Laut<ref name=":9" />Maranéhna nyangka yén éta sora téh nga ukur sora [[guludug]] lantaran bijil [[méga]] mendung anu nyababkeun poékna [[panonpoé]]. <ref name=":9" />Tapi nu ku maranéhanana diyakini méga téh saenyana mah [[haseup]] jeung lebu vulkanis<ref name=":9" />Anu turun ka bumi lain cai, tapi lebu jeung [[keusik]] laleutik.<ref name=":9" /> Waktu Gunung Tambora bitu, daérah radius kurang leuwih 600 km ti gunung Tambora poék unggal poé tepi ka saminggu lilana.<ref name=":9" /> Suhu Bumi turun tepi ka sababaraha derajat anu nyababkeun bumi jadi tiis lantaran cahaya panonpoé kahalangan lebu vulkanis salila sababaraha bulan.<ref name=":9" /> Daérah [[Éropa|Eropa]] jeung [[Amérika Kalér]] ngalaman usum tiis anu kacida lilana.<ref name=":9" /> Sedengkeun di [[Australia]] jeung [[Afrika Kidul]] turun [[salju]] dina waktu usum panas.<ref name=":9" /> ===== Kawah ===== Saking gedéna letusan Gunung Tambora, bisa ditingali tina sésa pecahan éta puncak gunung kiwari dina wangun kaldéra.<ref name=":9" /> Lébar kaldéra tina hasil ledakan ieu diaméterna kurang leuwih 8 km sarta jerona kurang leuwih 5,6 km.<ref name=":9" /> Sésa kawah kaldéra di Gunung Tambora kiwari mangrupa kaldéra panggedéna anu masih aktif di dunya.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15" /> ==== Gunung Krakatau ==== Krakatau mangrupa gunung api anu masih aktif jeung aya di [[Selat Sunda]] antara pulo [[Jawa]] jeung Sumatera.<ref name=":9" /> Ieu gunung kungsi bitu dina tanggal [[26 Agustus]] [[1883]].<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite news|url=http://global.liputan6.com/read/3072645/27-8-1883-dunia-terpana-saat-krakatau-sekarat-lalu-meledak|title=Dunia Terpana Saat Krakatau Sekarat Lalu Meledak|last=Kristanti|first=Elin Yunita|date=|work=|access-date=9 Februari 2018|via=globalliputan6.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209140750/http://global.liputan6.com/read/3072645/27-8-1883-dunia-terpana-saat-krakatau-sekarat-lalu-meledak|archive-date=2018-02-09}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20150827100132-199-74816/mengingat-lagi-letusan-dahsyat-gunung-krakatau|title=Mengingat Lagi Letusan Dahsyat Gunung Krakatau|last=S|first=Deddy|date=|work=|access-date=9 Februari 2018|via=CNN}}</ref> Letusanna gedé pisan jeung [[Sunami|tsunami]] nu disababkeunana maéhan kurang leuwih 36.000 jiwa.<ref name=":9" /> <ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17" />Tepi ka tanggal [[26 Désémber]] [[2004]], ieu tsunami mangrupa tsunami nu panggedéna.<ref name=":9" /> Sora letusan Gunung Krakatau kadéngé tepi ka [[:id:Alice_Springs|Alice Springs]], [[:id:Australia|Australia]] jeung [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Rodrigues&action=edit pulo Rodrigues] deukeut [[:id:Afrika|Afrika]], 4.653 [[:id:Kilometer|kilometer]].<ref name=":9" /> <ref name=":17" />Daya ledaknaa kurang leuwih 30.000 kali tina bom atom anu meledak di [[:id:Hiroshima|Hiroshima]] jeung [[:id:Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] di ahir [[:id:Perang_Dunia_II|Perang Dunia II]].<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17" /> Letusan Krakatau nyababkeun parobahan iklim global.<ref name=":9" /> Dunya poék salila dua poé satengah akibat lebu vulkanis anu nutupan atmosfer.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":17" /> Ieu letusan sabenerna masih éléh lamun dibandingkeun jeung letusan [[:id:Gunung_Toba|Gunung Toba]] jeung [[:id:Gunung_Tambora|Gunung Tambora]] di [[:id:Indonesia|Indonesia]], [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Tanpo&action=edit Gunung Tanpo] di Selandia Baru jeung [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Katmal&action=edit Gunung Katmal] di [[:id:Alaska|Alaska]]. <ref name=":9" />Tapi éta gunung-gunung bitu jauh basa populasi manusa masih kénéh saeutik. Sedengkeun waktu Gunung Krakatau bitu, populasi manusa geus cukup padet. <ref name=":9" /><ref name=":17" /> === Kaldera di Luar Indonesia === Salah sahiji kaldéra anu pangkasohorna di dunya nyaéta "Crater Lake" di Oregon [[Amérika Sarikat]] atawa anu leuwih dipikawanoh ku sebutan [[Oregon Crater Lake]].<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1" /> Ieu kaldéra kawangun kurang leuwih 7700 taun nu ka tukang waktu hiji letusan gunung api anu gedé nyaéta gunung api [[Mazama]].<ref name=":1" /> Ieu gunung api ngaluarkeun magma nepi ka ngosongkeun dapur magmana.<ref name=":1" /> Tuluy, batuan di luhureun éta dapur magma runtuh nepi ka ngahasilkeun bukaan kawah anu gedé (kurang leuwih 6 mil). <ref name=":1" />Sanggeus éta, salila mangabad-abad, hujan jeung salju ngeusian éta kaldéra tuluy ngahasilkeun hiji situ anu disebut "Crater Lake".<ref name=":1" /> Ieu situ jerona 1.932 kaki (589 méter).<ref name=":1" /> Crater Lake mangrupa situ anu pangjerona di Amerika Sarikat jeung situ anu pangjerona katujuh di dunya.<ref name=":1" /> Kaldéra-kaldéra lainna nyaéta: # Kaldéra Yellowstone di Taman Nasional Yellowstone ( Amerika Serikat) kalawan diaméter 45 mil.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=http://grosirtehsanna.com/sains/daftar-10-kaldera-terbesar-di-dunia/|title=Daftar 10 Kaldera Terbesar di Dunia|last=Varima|first=Dian|website=Teh Sanna Al Sunnah|publisher=|accessdate=9 Februari 2018}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> # Kaldéra La Garita di San Juan Mts. ([[Colorado]]) kalawan diaméter 28 mil.<ref name=":18" /> # Kaldéra Buldir di Aleutian Islands kalawan diaméter 19 mil.<ref name=":18" /> # Kaldéra Valles di Jemes Mts. (New Mexico) kalawan diaméter 13 mil. <ref name=":18" /> # Kaldéra Aso di Kyusu Island ([[Jepang]]) kalawan diaméter 12,5 mil. <ref name=":18" /> # Kaldéra Kikai di Kyusu Island (Jepang) kalawan diaméter 12 mil. <ref name=":18" /> # Kaldéra Kauai di [[Hawaii|Hawai]] kalawan diaméter 11 mil.<ref name=":18" /> # Kaldéra Tarso Yega di Tibesti ([[Afrika Utara]]) kalawan diaméter 11 mil.<ref name=":18" /> ==== Kaldera Yellowstone ==== "Yellowstone National park" kasohor di dunya lantaran [[géyser]] jeung sumber cai panasna.<ref name=":1" /> Fitur-fitur termal anu gampang ditalungtik di dieu mangrupa bukti yén sistem magma anu aktif di handapeun permukaan éta aréa.<ref name=":1" /> Sistem magma siga kieu geus ngahasilkeun sababaraha letusan gunung api gedé.<ref name=":1" /> Lantaran letusan anu kacida gedéna, maranéhna mindeng disebut ku sebutan "supervolkano".<ref name=":1" /> Salah sahiji letusan ieu ngahasilkeun kaldéra kurang leuwih 50 mil anu ngadadasaran sabagéan gedé "Yellowstone National Park". <ref name=":1" /> == Kaldéra di Luar Bumi == Ti mimiti taun [[1960]]-an geus dipikanyaho yén kagiatan vulkanik ogé aya di planét lain jeung di [[Bulan (satelit)|bulan]].<ref name=":8" /> Ngaliwatan pamakéan kapal angkasa anu maké awak jeung teu maké awak, kagiatan vulkanik kapanggih di [[Vénus|Venus]], [[Mars]], [[Bumi|Bumi,]] jeung [[Io]], hiji satelit Planét [[Jupiter]].<ref name=":8" /> Henteu hiji-hiji acan tina benda langit ieu miboga téktonika lémpéng, anu mana di Bumi kurang leuwih 60% kagiatan vulkanik tina ngagésérna téktonika lémpéng (sésa 40% nyaéta gunung api).<ref name=":8" /> Struktur kaldérana mirip di sakabéh benda planét ieu, sanajan ukuranana bararéda.<ref name=":8" /> Rata-rata kaldéra Vénus nyaéta 68 km.<ref name=":8" /> Rata-rata kaldéra Io ngadeukeutan 40 km, jeung Bulan nyaéta 6 km.<ref name=":8" /> Kaldéra anu panggedéna di Io nyaéta Tvashtar Paterae kalawan diaméter 290 km.<ref name=":8" /> Rata-rata kaldéra di Mars nyaéta 48 km, leuwih leutik ti Venus.<ref name=":8" /> Kaldéra di Bumi mangrupa kaldéra anu pangleutikna ti sakabéh planét anu dipikanyaho ti mimiti 1,6 tepi ka nu panggedéna 80 km.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Bulan ==== Permukaan Bumi miboga cangkang batu [[kristalin]] anu kandelna sababaraha kilométer, anu kawangun kalawan téréh.<ref name=":8" /> [[Kawah]]-kawah di bulan bisa tahan lila pisan ngaliwatan waktu jeung disangka mangrupa hasil tina kagiatan [[vulkanik]] luar biasa, tapi sabagéan kawangun ku [[météor]] nu murag.<ref name=":8" /> Pangwangunan dimimitian ti ratusan juta mimiti Bulan kawangun. <ref name=":8" />Kurang leuwih 500 juta taun ka hareupna, kerak Bulan bisa lééh lantaran élemén radioaktif nu lééh.<ref name=":8" /> Letusan gedé umumna kajadian di handapeun kawah hasil tumbukan.<ref name=":8" /> Salian ti éta, letusan juga bisa kajadian lantaran ayana cadangan magma di dasar kerak.<ref name=":8" /> Pangwangunan kubah, bisa jadi sarua jeung sistem gunung api di mana umumna kaldéra kawangun.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Mars ==== Puseur aktivitas vulkanik di Mars aya di dua daérah, [[Tharsis]] jeung [[Elysium]].<ref name=":8" /> Unggal daérah miboga sababaraha dérét gunung api perisai anu sarua jeung anu aya di Bumi.<ref name=":8" /> Bisa jadi mangrupa hasil mantel titik panas.<ref name=":8" /> Permukaanana didominasi aliran lava jeung sakabéhna miboga hiji atawa leuwih runtuhan kaldéra.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Vénus ==== Lantaran euweuh lémpéng téktonik di Vénus, panas ngan saukur kaluar lantaran ayana konduksi jeung [[litosfer]].<ref name=":8" /> Hal ieu ngabalukarkeun aliran lava anu kacida gedéna, ngawengku 80% permukaan Vénus.<ref name=":8" /> Loba gunung anu mangrupa gunung api perisai kalawan diaméter antara 150-400 km jeung jangkungna 2-4 km.<ref name=":8" /> Leuwih ti 80 gunung api perisai miboga diaméter puncak kaldéra rata-rata 60 km.<ref name=":8" /> == Referensi == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Vulkanologi]] 6rricwojgtbw0ibhglh8g4d0cx8tl9b Olimpiadeu Usum Panas 2016 0 73285 729239 654250 2026-09-26T19:04:45Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{2016 Summer Olympics}} '''Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016''' ({{lang-pt|Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016}}),{{efn|Lafal [[Portugis Brasil]] nyaéta {{IPA-pt|ˈʒɔɡuz oˈlĩpikuz dʒi veˈɾɐ̃w dʒi ˈdojz ˈmiw i dʒizeˈsejs|}}, dina lafal standar Brasil.}} sacara resmi nyaéta '''Games of the XXXI Olympiad''' ({{lang-pt|Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada}}) jeung ogé katelah '''Rio 2016''', éta hiji internasional [[acara multi-olahraga]] diayakeun ti 5&nbsp;nepi ka 21&nbsp;Agustus 2016 di [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil, jeung acara awal dina sababaraha olahraga dimimitian dina 3&nbsp;Agustus. Rio diumumkeun salaku kota tuan rumah dina [[Sesi IOC ka-121]] di [[Kopenhagen|Kopenhagen, Dénmark]], dina 2&nbsp;Oktober 2009. 11.238 atlét ti 207 nagara milu dina Kaulinan 2016, kaasup nu mimiti asup [[Kosovo di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Kosovo]], [[Sudan Kidul dina Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Sudan Kidul]], jeung [[Tim Olimpiade Pengungsian di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Tim Olimpiade Pengungsi]].<ref name="Olimpiade Atlét">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athletes|title=Olympic Athletes|website=Rio 2017|access-date=21 Agustus 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821031645/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athletes|archive-date=21 Agustus 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821031645/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athletes |date=2016-08-21 }}</ref><ref name="Rio2016">{{cite web|url=http://rio2016olympicswiki.com/about-rio-2016-summer-olympics/|title=About Olimpiade Usum Panas Rio 2016|work=Wiki Olimpiade Rio 2016|access-date=31 Oktober 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908075307/http://rio2016olympicswiki.com/about-rio-|archive-date=2015-09-08|url-status=dead|accessdate=2018-04-25}}</ref> Kalawan 306 sét medali, Kaulinan ieu nampilkeun 28 [[Olahraga Olimpiade]], i kaasup [[rugbi tujuh]] jeung [[golf]], nu ditambahkeun kana program Olimpiade di 2009. Ieu acara olahraga lumangsung di 33 tempat di kota tuan rumah jeung di lima tempat misah di kota Brasil [[São Paulo]], [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], [[Brasília]], jeung [[Manaus]]. Ieu mangrupikeun [[Olimpiade]] munggaran anu diayakeun di [[Amérika Kidul]],<ref name="BBC Sport OC" /> ogé anu munggaran diayakeun di [[Komunitas Nagara-nagara Basa Portugis| Nagara basa Portugis]], édisi usum panas munggaran anu dilaksanakeun sapinuhna dina [[Iklim Brazil|usum usum tiris nagara tuan rumah]], anu munggaran ti saprak [[Olimpiade Usum Panas 1968|1968]] dilaksanakeun di [[Amérika Latin] ]], sarta kahiji saprak [[2000 Summer Olympics|2000]] dilaksanakeun di [[Hémisfér Kidul]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/43084- winter-olympics-northern-hemisphere.html|title=Naha Olimpiade Usum Ngaliwatan Hémisfér Kidul|first=Laura Poppick 05|last=Februari 2014|website=livescience.com|date=5 Pébruari 2014}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ieu mangrupikeun ogé Olimpiade Usum Panas munggaran anu lumangsung di handapeun [[Komite Olimpiade Internasional]] (IOC) kapersidenan [[Thomas Bach]].<ref name="Rio2016"/> [[Amérika Serikat dina Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Amérika Serikat]] ngaluhuran [[méja medali Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|méja medali]], meunang medali emas panglobana (46) jeung jumlah medali pangluhurna sakabéhna (121); tim AS ogé meunang 1.000th Summer Olimpiade medali emas na sakabéh. [[Britania Raya di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Inggris Raya]] réngsé kadua sarta jadi nagara kahiji anu nambahan jumlah medali dina [[Olimpiade]] langsung sanggeus jadi [[Britania Raya di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2012|bangsa tuan rumah di 2012]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/rio-2016-great-britain-secures-second-olympic-medal-table-sporting- superpower-tokyo-2020-a7202761.html|title=Sabaraha juta unggal medali Olimpiade leres-leres ngarugikeun Inggris|work=The Independent|terakhir=Herbert|mimiti=Ian|tanggal=21 Agustus 2016|aksés-tanggal=16 Agustus 2021| url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cina dina Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Cina]] finish katilu dina tabel medali. Nagara tuan rumah [[Brazil di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Brazil]] meunang tujuh medali emas jeung 19 medali, hasil pangalusna di Olimpiade mana waé, finish di tempat katilu belas. [[Bahrain di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Bahrain]], [[Fiji di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Fiji]], [[Bayi Gading di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Basisir Gading]], [[Yordania dina Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016| Yordania]], [[Kosovo dina Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Kosovo]], [[Puérto Riko dina Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Puérto Riko]], [[Singapura dina Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Singapura]], [[Tajikistan di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Tajikistan]], jeung [[Vietnam di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Vietnam]] kabéh meunang medali emas kahiji maranéhanana, kitu ogé grup [[Atlét Olimpiade Independen di Olimpiade Usum Panas 2016|Atlét Olimpiade Mandiri]] ( ti Kuwait). == Rujukan == {{reflist|3}} 1pbpryndjtk5zgum0gc1zycyboub4ii Ki ciat 0 73357 729188 712395 2026-09-26T14:11:49Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | image = Fic septic 141115-0338 ipb.JPG | image_width = 270px | image_caption = Ki ciyat, ''Ficus septica'' <br>di Darmaga, [[Bogor]] | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudikotil]] | unranked_ordo = [[Rosidae]] | ordo = [[Rosales]] | familia = [[Moraceae]] | genus = ''[[Ficus]]'' | subgenus = ''Sycomorus'' | section = ''Sycocarpus'' | species = '''''F. septica''''' | binomial = ''Ficus septica'' | binomial_authority = [[Nicolaas Laurens Burman|Burm.f.]], 1768<ref>{{aut|[[Nicolaas Laurens Burman|Burman, N.L.]]}} 1768. [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123275#page/466/mode/1up ''Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum Indicorum, nec non prodromus florae Capensis'': 226.] Amstelaedami :Apud Johannem Schreuderum ;1768.</ref> | synonyms= {{Collapsible list | {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; | * ''Ficus verrucosa'' * ''Ficus leucantatoma'' * ''Ficus venosa'' * ''Ficus leucopleura'' * ''Ficus leucosticta'' * ''Ficus rapiformis'' * ''Ficus radiata'' * ''Ficus hauilii'' * ''Covellia stictocarpa'' * ''Ficus geminifolia'' * ''Ficus oldhamii'' * ''Ficus philippinensis'' * ''Ficus casearia'' * ''Ficus didymophylla'' * ''Ficus laxiramea'' * ''Ficus kaukauensis'' * ''Ficus brunea'' * ''Ficus linearis'' * ''Ficus laccifera'' }} }} }} '''Ki ciyat''' atawa '''ki ciat''' ('''''Ficus septica''''') nyaéta [[tutuwuhan]] nu asalna tina kulawarga [[Moraceae]], kalawan masih kénéh barayana [[tangkal]] [[caringin]].<ref name="Buku1">{{Cite book|title =Buku Pintar Tanaman Obat: 431 jenis tanaman penggempur aneka penyakit| last= Damayanti| first= Dewi| coauthors =dr Prapti utami, Novi Widianti, Nina Wulandari, Agung Sugiarto, Tinton Dwi Putra| year= 2008|page=63|location=Jakarta| publisher=AgroMedia| isbn=9789790061941|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=iO0ldwKoXvQC&pg=PA21&dq=bawang+batak+khasiat&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwinj4f98pXvAhVYAXIKHSO8B40Q6AEwAXoECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=bawang%20batak%20khasiat&f=false}}</ref> <ref name=Nuttige/> Kasebut tatangkalan liar (henteu ngahaja dipelak), tangkalna [[ngarungkun]] teupati gedé, remen katempo hirup di sisi [[leuweung]], sisi [[wahangan]], [[tegal]]an, sisi [[gunung]], jeung tempat séjéna.<ref name=Nuttige/> Lamun seug pites atawa katurih, tangkal ki ciyat sok ngaluarkeun [[geutah]] kelirna [[bodas]] semu [[konéng]].<ref name=Lin11/> Ieu geutah sok dimangpaatkeun pikeun ngubaran [[raheut]] sarta panyakit kulit séjena, nyeri [[beuteung]], kitu deui weureu (''keracunan''), geutah tangkal ki ciyat aya disakabéh bagéan [[tangkal]], [[daun]], jeung [[akar]]na.<ref name=Nuttige/><ref name=”Flo”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=cjnqDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PT115&dq=pohon%20bingbin&hl=id&pg=PT116#v=onepage&q=pohon%20bingbin&f=false| title =Flora dan Fauna Cagar Alam Leuweung Sancang| last =Abdul| first =Haris Mustari| publisher =Aditya dwigumelar| location =Jakarta| year =2019|ISBN=9786024408046|pages =108}} Disungsi4 Januari 2021</ref> Ki ciyat sok disebut ogé kuciat mibanda ngaran [[daérah]] nubéda, saperti: urang [[Jawa]] nyebutna ''awar-awar'', di [[Bali]] disebutna tangkal ''bar-abar'', urang [[Ambon]] nyebutna ''sirih popar'', urang [[Bugis]] nyebutna ''dausalo'', di [[Makasar]] disebut ''tobo-tobo'', Urang [[Ternaté]], minahasa nyebutna ''tagalolo''.<ref name=Nuttige>{{aut|[[Karel Heyne|Heyne, K.]]}}. 1987. ''Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia'' '''II''': 695-6. Badan Litbang Kehutanan, Departemen Kehutanan. Jakarta. (versi berbahasa [[Belanda]] [http://archive.org/stream/denuttigeplanten02heyn#page/68/mode/2up -1916- '''2''':68-9; sebagai ''Ficus leucantatoma'' Poir.])</ref><ref name=”M. ”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=wXsADgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75&dq=daun+Pandanus+Furcatus&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjw3-Smi5bXAhXHPY8KHVzvCeQQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=daun%20Pandanus%20Furcatus&f=false| title =Kamus Penyakit dan Tumbuhan Obat IndonesiaM. Sangat, Ervizal A. M. Zuhud, Ellyn K. Damayanti| last =M. Sangat, Ervizal A. M. Zuhud, Ellyn K. Damayanti| first =Harini | publisher =Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia| location =Jakarta| year =2018|ISBN=9786024331283|pages =75}} Disungsi19 .Juni 2022</ref> == Ciri mandiri == [[Gambar:Fic septic 141115-0339 ipb.JPG|jmpl|kiri|180px|Pucuk daun ki ciyat]] [[Tangkal]]na ngarungkun, ajeg, jangkungna 1-5 [[meter|m]]<ref name=steenis/>, sanajan kitu ieu ki ciyat nu hirup dileuweungmah jangkungna bisa nepika 25 [[Meter|m]].<ref name=bergcorner05>{{cite book|author=Berg, C.C. & Corner E.J.H.|year=2005|title= Flora Malesiana|chapter=Moraceae|series=I|volume=17|issue=6|isbn= 1-930723-40-7}}</ref>. Regang jeung tangkalna buleud, kelirna héjo, di jero aya haténa (bagéan nu kosong) utamana numasih kénéh ngora kawas tangkal [[kaliki]].<ref name=steenis>{{aut|[[Cornelis Gijsbert Gerrit Jan van Steenis|van Steenis, C.G.G.J.]]}} 1981. Flora, untuk sekolah di Indonesia. PT Pradnya Paramita. Jakarta. Hal. 177.</ref> [[Daun]]a rubak gedéna 9-30 × 9–16 [[cm]] semu buleud, mencos ka tungtungna.<ref name=steenis/> Dauna bijil tina régang, sapasang (pasanghareup-sanghareup), panjang cupat daun 2,5-5 [[sentimeter|cm]]. Kelirna héjo kolot, mibanda tulang daun semu bodas lobana 6-12 tulang, tungtung dauna rata.<ref name=steenis/> [[Buah]]na ngaranggeuy, dina saranggeuy aya 3~4 aya ogé buahna nu ngan sacupat.<ref name=steenis/> Cupatna pondok, kalawan mibanda daun ''pelindung'' kelirna héjo ngora aya ogé nu héjo kolot.<ref name=steenis/> == Tempat hirup atawa ékologi == [[Gambar:Fic septic 141115-0346 ipb.JPG|jmpl|kiri|180px|Buah ki ciyat]] Ki ciyat loba kapanggih hirup ti mimiti pulo [[Ryukyu]] [[kalér]] , [[Taiwan]], [[Pulo-pulo Solomon]] nepika [[Vanuatu]], sarta [[Queensland]] di [[Australia]] beulah kalér.<ref name=Prosea12/> Tangkal ki ciyat remen katempo hirup di sisi leuweung, dina sagala kaayaan [[taneuh]] ti imimiti 1800 m dpl.<ref name=Prosea12>{{aut|Rojo, J.P., F.C. Pitargue, & M.S.M. Sosef}}. 1999. ''Ficus'' L. <u>in</u> Padua, L.S., N. Bunyapraphatsara, & R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Eds.) ''Plant Resources of South-East Asia'' '''12'''(1) - Medicinal and poisonous plants 1: 288. Prosea Foundation, Bogor.</ref> Sakapeung katembong hirup sisi [[jalan]], sisi [[susukan]], tegalan .<ref name=steenis/> ''Ficus septica'' kembangna sok di eunteupan nyiruan ku [[spesies]] [[agonid]] tina [[genus|marga]] ''[[Ceratosolen]]''.<ref name=Lin11/> nu mana ieu nyiruan tara eunteup dina sambarangan tangkal, malahan aya [[spesies]] ''Ficus'' nu sok dieunteupan ngan ku saspesies nyiruan wungkul.<ref name=Lin11/> Pikeun spesies ''Ficus septica'', kanyahoan sok dieunteupan ku tilu spesies nyiruan, hasil panalungtikan nudiayakeun di Taiwan kidul<ref name=Lin11>{{cite journal|author=Lin, R.-C., Yeung, C.K.-L., Fong, J.J., Tzeng, H.-Y. & Li, S.-H.|year=2011|title= The lack of pollinator specificity in a dioecious fig tree: sympatric fig-pollinating wasps of ''Ficus septica'' in southern Taiwan |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biotropica_2011-03_43_2/page/200|journal= Biotropica |volume= 43|pages= 200-07|doi=10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00686.x}}</ref> sarta dua spesies di [[Filipina]].<ref name=Conchou14>{{cite journal|author=L. Conchou, L. Cabioch, L. J. V. Rodriguez, F. Kjellberg|year=2014|title= Daily rhythm of mutualistic pollinator activity and scent emission in ''Ficus septica'': Ecological differentiation between co-occurring pollinators and potential consequences for chemical communication and facilitation of host speciation |journal= PLoS ONE |volume= 9|pages=e103581|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0103581}}</ref> Sagigireun dieunteupan nyiruan, buah ki ciyat ogé jadi kadaharan pikeun 22 [[spesies]] sato, 14 spesiesna tayalian ti [[lalay]]. [[Lalay]] nu sok ngakan bungbuahan atawa [[codot]] (''Megachiroptera'') ogé mangrupa ''vektor'' pikeun nyebarna siki tangkal Ki ciyat ka tempat séjén nu leuwih jauh.<ref name=Shanahan01>{{cite journal|author=Shanahan, M.; Compton, S. G.; So, S. & Corlett, R.|year=2001|title=Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review|journal=Biological Reviews|volume=76|issue=4|pages=529-72|doi=10.1017/S1464793101005760|url=http://us.geocities.com/mikeshanahan/figglobalreview.pdf|pmid=11762492|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026232430/http://us.geocities.com/mikeshanahan/figglobalreview.pdf|archive-date=2009-10-26|accessdate=2018-06-03}}</ref> [[Spesies]] lalay nu sok ngakan buah ki ciyat, tayalian: {{Div col | colwidth= 300px }} * ''[[Cyclopsitta diophthalma]]'' * ''[[Ptilinopus]]'' * ''[[Oriolus chinensis]]'' * ''[[Phalanger orientalis]]'' * ''[[Phalanger vestitus]]'' * ''[[Spilocuscus maculatus]]'' * ''[[Colobus guereza]]'' * ''[[Rattus rattus]]'' * ''[[Cynopterus brachyotis]]'' * ''[[Cynopterus horsfieldii]]'' * ''[[Cynopterus sphinx]]'' * ''[[Cynopterus titthaecheilus]]'' * ''[[Dobsonia moluccense]]'' * ''[[Dobsonia minor]]'' * ''[[Macroglossus minimus]]'' * ''[[Macroglossus sobrinus]]'' * ''[[Nyctimene aello]]'' * ''[[Nyctimene albiventer]]'' * ''[[Ptenochirus jagori]]'' * ''[[Rousettus amplexicaudatus]]'' * ''[[Syconycteris australis]]'' {{Div col end}} == Mangpaat == [[Geutah]]na, dipercaya mibanda hasiat pikeun ngubaran rupa-rupa kasakit.<ref name=Prosea12/> Di [[Filipina]], daunna dimangpaatkeun pikeun ngubaran [[rematik]], ogé pikeun ''ngarangsang'' kaluarna késang (''sudorifika'') pikeun ngurangan kasakit nyeri [[sirah]]. Getahna peuheur/tajam, bisa ngabalukarkeun bisul lamun seug keuna kana kulit.<ref name=aut/> Tapi bisa ogé dimangpaatkeun pikeun ngubaran [[herpes]], [[kurap]] atawa panyakit [[kulit]] séjénna nu geus hésé diubaran.<ref name=aut>{{aut|[[Rumphius|Rumpf, G.E.]]}} 1743. ''Herbarium Amboinense: plurimas conplectens arbores, frutices, ...'' [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10353#page/249/mode/1up Pars '''III''': 153], [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10353#page/251/mode/1up Tab. 96]. Amstelaedami :apud Franciscum Changuion, Hermannum Uttwerf. MDCCXLIII.</ref> [[Akar]]na sok dipaké naplokan palebah nu raheut atawa ngubaran kulit nu kabeuleum, kitu deui [[cai]] pangulubanna dimangpaatkeun pikeun ngubaran hésé kahampangan (''diuretika'').<ref name=Prosea12/><ref name=aut/> Di [[Papua Nugini]], daunna dimangpaatkeun pikeun ngubaran [[salésma]] [[pilek]], [[batuk]], [[galingging]], sarta panyakit anu dibalukarkeun kuayana [[bakteria]] sarta .<ref name=Prosea12/> Sagigireun kitu, akarna dimangpaatkeun pikeun [[antidota]] tayalian ngubaran weureu (''keracunan''), umpana baé weureu tas ngadahar lauk, kapiting, hui [[gadung]], jeung sajabana.<ref name=Prosea12/> Carana, ieu akar dicampur jeung akar [[cau]] suanggi ditambah akar [[eurih]]. Baheula geutah ki ciyat sok dipaké ngubaran nyeri [[ceuli]], carana geutah ki ciyat dipanaskeun heula di mana geus tiis tuluy dikecerkeun kana liang ceuli nu nyeri.<ref name=Nuttige/> Akarna bisa ogé dimangpaatkeun pikeun ngubaran raheut, kayaning kacugak atawa kasura ku cucuk lauk nu aya peurahan.<ref name=Nuttige/><ref name= A.>{{Cite book | title =Udjung Kulon: The Land of the Last Javan Rhinoceros| first = A. | last =Hoogerwerf| publisher = Brill Archive| location =Universitas Muhamadiyah Surakarta| year =1970| pages =32|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=pc4UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=sophora+tomentosa+bungbulan&source=bl&ots=F2HR_Grimb&sig=ACfU3U0JnMtQmW9VQ36gztboIlgK5221VQ&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGndL0ioTuAhVS6XMBHZWOCzEQ6AEwAHoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=sophora%20tomentosa%20bungbulan&f=true|accessdate=(disungsi – 20 Fébruari 2025)}}</ref> == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|2}} == Tutumbu kaluar == {{commonscat|Ficus septica}} * Australian Trop. RF. Plants: [http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Ficus_septica.htm ''Ficus septica''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129063730/http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Ficus_septica.htm |date=2014-11-29 }} (identifikasi) * CCRC UGM: [http://ccrc.farmasi.ugm.ac.id/?page_id=67 Awar-awar (''Ficus septica'')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520020647/http://ccrc.farmasi.ugm.ac.id/?page_id=67 |date=2018-05-20 }} (sifat kimia dan khasiat) [[Kategori:Ficus]] [[Kategori:Ubar]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan ubar]] [[Kategori:Moraceae]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] bgr10t8kk3cfdd2vnspi6o4kdmh4all Muhammadiyah 0 73367 729231 685570 2026-09-26T18:10:09Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info organisasi |name = Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah |image = Emblem of Muhammadiyah.svg |size = 200px |alt = |caption = Lambang Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah |map = LocationIndonesia.svg |msize = 200px |malt = World map |mcaption = Wewengkon persebaran |founder = [[Ahmad Dahlan|K.H. Ahmad Dahlan]] |formation = 8 Dzulhijjah 1330 H <br>({{start date and age|1912|11|18}}) |type = Organisasi Masyarakat Islam |purpose = Keagamaan, Pendidikan, Sosial, Kesehatan, & Ekonomi |headquarters = {{plainlist| *Jalan Cik Di Tiro 23, [[Kota Yogyakarta]], [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]]<ref name="kantor">{{url|https://www.muhammadiyah.or.id}}. "Kantor"</ref> *Jalan Menteng Raya 62, [[Jakarta Pusat]], [[Jakarta]]<ref name="kantor"/>}} |region_served ={{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] |membership = 50 juta (2019) |leader_title = [[Daftar Ketua Umum Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah|Ketua Umum]] |leader_name = [[Haedar Nashir|Prof. Dr. K.H. Haedar Nashir, M.Si.]] |leader_title2= Sekjen |leader_name2 = [[Abdul Mu'ti|Prof. Dr. Abdul Mu'ti, M.Ed.]] | affiliations= [[Modernisme Islam]] ([[Islam Sunni]])<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nashir M. Si |first=Dr. H Haidar |title=MUHAMMADIYAH: A REFORM MOVEMENT |publisher=Muhammadiyah University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-602-361-013-6 | location=Jl. A Yani Pabelan Tromol Pos 1 Kartasura Surakarta 57102 Jawa Tengah – Indonesia |page=94 | quote="Tina sudut pandang aqidah, Muhammadiyah tiasa nganut Salafi, sakumaha anu diungkabkeun ku Tarjih dina Himpinan Putusan Tarjih (wy: 11), yén Muhammadiyah ngamajukeun prinsip-prinsip kayakinan anu ngarujuk kana Salaf (al-fi rqat al-najat min al-Salaf)."}}</ref> |website = {{url|muhammadiyah.or.id}} }} '''Muhammadiyah''' nyaéta organisasi pergerakan Islam nu diadegkeun ku K.H Ahmad Dahlan dina 18 November 1912 (8 Dzulhijjah 1330 H) di Yogyakarta.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Islam Nusantara|last=Huda|first=Nor|publisher=Ar-Ruzz Media|year=2016|isbn=|location=Yogyakarta|pages=}}</ref> Muhammadiyah nyaéta hiji organisasi Islam utama non-pamaréntah,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/10/184420/tackle-rising-cost-living-longer|title=Tackle the rising cost of living longer|last=Hamid|first=Jalil|website=New StraitsTimes|accessdate=2 September 2022}}</ref> anu maénkeun peran penting dina perluasan Salafisme di Indonésia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Muhtarom|first=Ali|date=Agustus 2017|title=The Study of Indonesian Moslem Responses on Salafy - Shia Transnational Islamic Education Institution, Shiashia|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318894800_THE_STUDY_OF_INDONESIAN_MOSLEM_RESPONSES_ON_SALAFY-_SHIA_TRANSNATIONAL_ISLAMIC_EDUCATION_INSTITUTION_SHIASHIA|journal=ISLAM FUTURA|volume=17|issue=1|page=73-95|doi=10.22373/jiif.v17i1.1645|access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> == Sajarah == Tanggal 18 Nopémber 1912, Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah diadegkeun ku [[Ahmad Dahlan]] salaku pajabat pangadilan Karaton Yogyakarta,{{Sfn|Burhani|2005|p=101}} minangka wujud lalawanan ka kolonialisme Walanda. Aya sababaraha motif di balik ngadegna gerakan ieu. Kakawasaan pulitik Kasunanan Surakarta jeung Kasultanan Yogyakarta dilempengkeun ku pamaréntah kolonial Walanda jadi puseur Kristenisasi ajaranana. Dampakna nyaéta masarakat pribumi anu ngagem agama [[Islam]] teu boga kakuatan pulitik salaku pelindungna. Dampak salajengna tina Tanam Paksa ogé nyababkeun aranjeunna kaserang kamiskinan, kalaparan, sareng panyakit. Faktor ieu dipikahariwang ngajadikeun masarakatna beuki miskin, gampang percaya kana tahayul jeung sajabana, ditambah tokoh masarakat atawa ulama keur harita dipiceun jeung diasingkeun, sarta pasantrénna diruksak ku penjajah.{{Sfn|Suryanegara|2018|p=438}} Ku lantaran kitu, ti mimiti Muhammadiyah kacida prihatinna dina ngajaga tauhid jeung nyampurnakeun [[tauhid]] di masarakat. Gerakan organisasi dimimitian ku ngadegkeun panti asuhan.{{Sfn|Suryanegara|2018|p=438}} Saterusna ti taun 1913 nepi ka 1918, Muhammadiyah ngadegkeun lima sakola Islam. Dina warsih saterusna, taun 1919 - sataun saméméh Tanam Paksa réngsé, Muhammadiyah ngadegkeun Madjlis Penolong Kesengsaraan Oemoem (MPKO) pikeun ngarojong kaom miskin,{{Sfn|Suryanegara|2018|p=438}} sarta sakola menengah Islam, ''Hooge School Muhammadiyah''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.muhammadiyah.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=35|title=Sejarah Singkat Pendirian Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah|website=www.muhammadiyah.or.id|accessdate=2022-09-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070319175257/http://www.muhammadiyah.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=35|archivedate=2007-03-19}}</ref> Taun 1925, dua taun sanggeus pupusna Ahmad Dahlan, Muhammadiyah ngan boga 4.000 anggota tapi geus ngawangun 55 sakola jeung dua klinik di Surabaya jeung Yogyakarta.{{Sfn|Ricklefs|2001|p=356}} Sanggeus Abdul Karim Amrullah ngawanohkeun organisasi ka etnis [[Urang Minang|Minangkabau]], Muhammadiyah tumuwuh gancang. Dina 1938, organisasi ieu boga 250.000 anggota, 834 masjid, 31 perpustakaan, 1.774 sakola, jeung 7.630 ulama. Sanggeus éta, padagang Minangkabau nyebarkeun organisasi ka daerah-daerah di Indonésia.{{Sfn|Ricklefs|2001|p=357}} Dina mangsa karusuhan pulitik jeung kekerasan taun 1965–1966, Muhammadiyah ngadéklarasikeun yén musnahna Partéy Komunis Indonésia mangrupa perang suci, sarta mangrupa pandangan anu dirojong ku kelompok Islam séjénna.{{Sfn|Ricklefs|2001|p=288}} Dina mangsa kajadian ragragna Présidén [[Suharto|Soeharto]] taun 1998, sabagian golongan Muhammadiyah ngadesek kapamingpinan pikeun ngawangun partéy. Ku kituna, pamingpin, kaasup pupuhu Muhammadiyah, [[Amien Rais]], ngadegkeun Partéy Amanat Nasional. Sanaos dukungan ageung anggota Muhammadiyah, pihak ieu henteu ngagaduhan hubungan resmi sareng Muhammadiyah. Pimpinan Muhammadiyah nyebutkeun anggota organisasina bébas bersekutu jeung partéy pulitik pilihan maranéhanana, salila partéy éta ngabogaan nilai-nilai anu sarua jeung Muhammadiyah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indonesiamatters.com/386/muhammadiyah-makes-overtures-to-islamists/|title=Muhammadiyah Makes Overtures to Islamists|website=www.indonesiamatters.com|accessdate=2022-09-02}}</ref> == Pangajaran == Ajaran utama Muhammadiyah nyaéta Islam Sunni. Fokus utama gerakan Muhammadiyah nyaéta pikeun ngaronjatkeun rasa tanggung jawab moral masarakat, ngamurnikeun kaimanan kana Islam nu sabenerna. Sacara teologis, Muhammadiyah taat kana ajaran Salafiyah; nyaéta uleman langsung pikeun balik deui kana [[Al-Qur'an]] sareng [[Sunnah]] sareng pamahaman para Imam Salaf (generasi awal), kalebet éponim tina opat mazhab Sunni. Éta nganjurkeun pikeun ngamurnikeun iman tina rupa-rupa adat lokal anu aranjeunna dianggap tahayul, bid'ah sareng bentuk syirik. Muhammadiyah ngarujuk sumber ilmiahna kana ajaran Muhammad Rasyid Rida (d. 1935 M / 1354 H), Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab (d. 1792 / 1206 H), sareng ahli teologi abad pertengahan Ahmad Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 1328 M. / 728 H. ) jeung Ibnu Qayyim (d. 1350/751 H).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://retizen.republika.co.id/posts/12342/ustadz-adi-hidayat-kita-semua-salafi|title=Ustadz Adi Hidayat: Kita Semua Salafi {{!}} Retizen|website=retizen.id|language=id|accessdate=2022-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pwmu.co/40369/11/03/muhammadiyah-itu-golongan-ahlus-sunnah-salafiyyah/|title=Muhammadiyah Itu Golongan Ahlus Sunnah was Salafiyyah|website=PWMU.CO {{!}} Portal Berkemajuan|language=id-ID|accessdate=2022-09-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018045958/https://pwmu.co/40369/11/03/muhammadiyah-itu-golongan-ahlus-sunnah-salafiyyah/ |date=2021-10-18 }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Kagiatan == Muhammadiyah kadaptar salaku organisasi Muslim reformis anu fokus utamana dina atikan jeung ngalaksanakeun nilai-nilai agama. Muhammadiyah ngadegkeun sakola-sakola Islam modern, anu ogé dibuka pikeun murid-murid non-Muslim.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usindo.org/Briefs/2006/Muhammadiyah%20on%20Health%2004-06-06.htm|title=Muhammadiyah and Aisyiyah|website=The US-Indonesian Society|accessdate=2022-09-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813131301/http://www.usindo.org/Briefs/2006/Muhammadiyah%20on%20Health%2004-06-06.htm|archivedate=2006-08-13}}</ref> Taun 2006, aya kira-kira 5.754 sakola milik Muhammadiyah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribun-timur.com/view.php?id=30329&jenis=Kota|title=Muhammadiyah urged Governot to Set Model School|website=Portal Tribun Timur Makasar|accessdate=2022-09-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185234/http://www.tribun-timur.com/view.php?id=30329&jenis=Kota|archivedate=2007-09-27}}</ref> Muhammadiyah ogé boga fungsi minangka organisasi amal anu kalibet dina palayanan kaséhatan. Taun 2016, Muhammadiyah ngagaduhan sababaraha ratus klinik sareng rumah sakit gratis di Indonésia.<ref name=":1" /> == Organisasi == Kantor pusat Muhammadiyah asalna di Yogyakarta. Saterusna, dina taun 1970 panitia-panitia anu nguruskeun atikan, ékonomi, kaséhatan jeung karaharjaan sosial dipindahkeun ka Jakarta. Susunan panitia pusat diwangun ku lima panaséhat, pupuhu jeung wakil-wakilna, sekretaris jenderal jeung sababaraha wakil, tuluy bendahara jeung wakil-wakilna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.muhammadiyah.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=63&Itemid=27|title=Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah|website=www.muhammadiyah.or.id|accessdate=2022-09-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324173729/http://www.muhammadiyah.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=63&Itemid=27|archivedate=2007-03-24}}</ref> Muhammadiyah ogé ngabogaan sababaraha organisasi otonom, diantarana; Aisyiyah (kanggo awewe), Pemuda Muhammadiyah, Himpunan Mahasiswa Nasyiatul Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah, Himpunan Mahasiswa Muhammadiyah, Tapak Suci Putra Muhammadiyah, jeung Hizbul Wathan. ==Daptar pamingpin== {| class="wikitable" |- !No. !! Poto !! Ngaran !! colspan="2" | Masa jabatan !! Tempat musyawarah !! Katerangan |- ||1.|| [[File:Ahmad Dahlan.jpg|100px]] || [[Ahmad Dahlan|K.H. Ahmad Dahlan]] || 1 Agustus 1912 || 23 Pébruari 1923|| [[Yogyakarta]]||Rapat tahun kahiji |- ||2.|| || K.H. Ibrahimy||23 Pébruari 1923||13 Oktober 1932|| [[Yogyakarta]]|| Rapat ka-12 |- ||3.|| || K.H. Hisyam||10 Nopémber 1934||20 Méi 1936|| [[Yogyakarta]]|| Rapat ka-23 |- ||4.|| [[File:K.H Mas Mansur.jpg|100px]] || [[Mas Mansoer|K.H. Mas Mansur]] ||25 Juni 1937||25 April 1942|| [[Yogyakarta]]|| Rapat ka-26 |- ||5.|| || Ki Bagoes Hadikoesoemo ||24 Nopémber 1944||4 Nopémber 1953|| [[Yogyakarta]]|| Kongrés Darurat |- ||6.|| [[File:Achmad Rasjid Sutan Mansjur Konstituante Masjumi.jpg|100px]] || Buya A.R. Sutan Mansur ||4 Nopémber 1953||25 Maret 1959|| [[Purwokerto]] || Kongrés ka-32 |- ||7.|| || K.H. M. Yunus Anis ||25 Maret 1959||3 Juni 1962|| [[Palembang]] || Kongrés ka-34 |- ||8.|| || K.H. Ahmad Badawi||3 Juni 1962||25 April 1968||[[Jakarta]] || Kongrés ka-35 |- ||9.|| [[File:Fakih usman.jpg|100px]] || [[Fakih Usman|K.H. Faqih Usman]]||25 April 1968||3 Oktober 1968|| [[Palembang]] || Kongrés ka-34 |- | rowspan="2" |10.|| rowspan="2" | || rowspan="2" |K.H. [[Abdul Rozak|Abdul Rozak Fachruddin]]||3 Oktober 1968||17 Maret 1971|| || ''Fait Accompli'' |- || 17 Maret 1971||15 Désémber 1990 || [[Makassar]] || Kongrés ka-38 |- ||11.|| || K.H. Ahmad Azhar Basyir ||15 Désémber 1990||28 Juni 1995|| [[Yogyakarta]] || Kongrés ka-42 |- ||12.|| [[File:Amien Rais.jpg|100px]] || [[Amien Rais|Prof. Dr. H. Amien Rais]] ||28 Juni 1995||26 April 1998|| [[Banda Aceh]] || Kongrés ka-43 |- | rowspan="2" |13.|| rowspan="2" |[[File:Ahmad Syafii Maarif July 2019.jpg|100px]] || rowspan="2" |[[Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif|Prof. Dr. H. Ahmad Syafi'i Ma'arif]] ||26 April 1998||31 Méi 2000|| || Tanwir & Rapat Sidang Paripurna |- || 31 Méi 2000||25 Nopémber 2005 || [[Jakarta]] || Kongrés ka-44 |- | rowspan="2" |14.|| rowspan="2" | [[File:Din Syamsuddin.jpg|100px]] || rowspan="2" | [[Din Syamsuddin|Prof. Dr. K.H. Din Syamsuddin, M.A.]] ||31 Agustus 2005||8 Juli 2010|| [[Malang]] || Kongrés ka-45 |- ||8 Juli 2010||6 Méi 2015|| [[Yogyakarta]] ||Kongrés ka-46 |- ||15.|| [[File:Haedar Nashir.jpg|100px]] || [[Haedar Nashir|Dr. K.H. Haedar Nashir]] ||7 Méi 2015||nepi ka ayeuna|| [[Makassar]] || Kongrés ka-47 |} == Universitas == Organisasi Muhammadiyah ngabogaan sajumlah universitas anu aya di sababaraha propinsi di Indonésia, diantarana: * Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta (UAD) * Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM) * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] (UMY) * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Kota Surakarta|Surakarta]] (UMS) * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Purwokerto]] * Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar (Unismuh) * Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang (UMMGL) * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Kota Semarang|Semarang]] * Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro * Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Bengkulu]] * Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatra Barat * Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatra Utara * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Acéh|Aceh]] * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Kota Cirebon|Cirebon]] * Universitas Muhammadiyah Bekasi * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Kabupatén Purworejo|Purworejo]] * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]] * Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Gresik]] * Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember * Universitas Muhammadiyah Kupang * Universitas Muhammadiyah Ternate * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Gorontalo]] * Universitas Muhammadiyah [[Jakarta]] * Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Hamka (UHAMKA) * Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare * Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi (UMMI) * Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo * Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak * Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong * Universitas Muhammadiyah Bima == Rujukan == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Tumbu kaluar == * [http://www.muhammadiyah.or.id/ Loka wéb resmi] == Daptar Pustaka == {{refbegin|1}} * {{cite book|title=Api Sejarah 1, Mahakarya Perjuangan Ulama dan Santri dalam Menegakkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, edisi revisi|last=Suryanegara|first=Ahmad Mansur|publisher=Surya Dinasti|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Api_Sejarah_1/0AMxDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|year=2018|isbn=9786027123717|location=Bandung|ref={{sfnref|Suryanegara|2018}}|url-status=live}} * {{cite journal|last=Burhani|first=Ahmad Najib|date=2005|title=Revealing the Neglected Missions: Some Comments on the Javanese Elements of Muhammadiyah Reformism|url=https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/studia-islamika/article/view/647/489|journal=Studia Islamika|volume=12|issue=1|pages=101-129|issn=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902014520/https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/studia-islamika/article/view/647/489 |date=2022-09-02 }} * {{cite book|title=A History of Modern Indonesia Since C. 1200|last=Ricklefs|first=Merle Calvin|publisher=Stanford University Press|url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/A_History_of_Modern_Indonesia_Since_C_12.html?id=N6NNSwAACAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|year=2001|isbn=9780804744799|location=|ref={{sfnref|Ricklefs|2001}}|url-status=live}} [[Kategori:Organisasi Islam di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Organisasi Islam]] p93im8glgbx4piiih5403lkwlsp9sw0 Karaton 0 73900 729162 653796 2026-09-26T12:58:55Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729162 wikitext text/x-wiki Karaton nyaéta mangrupa wangunan tempat cicing raja-raja. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nafiun.com/2013/02/keraton-istana-pengertian-arti-fungsi-sejarah.html|title=Keraton (Istana), Pengertian, Arti, Fungsi, Sejarah|last=Aditama|first=Bmaster|website=www.nafiun.com|accessdate=2018-11-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129164232/http://www.nafiun.com/2013/02/keraton-istana-pengertian-arti-fungsi-sejarah.html|archivedate=2018-11-29}}</ref> Biasana dingdingna dijieun tina kai sedengkeun hateupna dijieun tina daun sirap.<ref name=":0" /> Sacara léksikal, karaton hartina bumi raja, ratu jeung sakurilingna dukuta luhur, sok disebut ogé kadaton atawa kadatun.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kamus Basa Sunda|last=RA|first=Danadibrta|publisher=Kiblat|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> == Rujukan == 8timfr2gbcm81edl6vj28wtpupadk8k Kabupatén Teluk Bintuni 0 73919 729093 655560 2026-09-26T12:10:58Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729093 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kabupatén Teluk Bintuni''' nyaéta salah sahiji kabupatén anu aya di wilayah Papua Kulon. Dumasar hukum pambentukan wilayah ieu nyaéta UU Nomor 26 Tahun 2002/LN Nomor 129 Tahun 2002. Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni diresmikeun tanggal 11 November 2002. Taun 2015, kabupatén ieu ditetepkeun jadi Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus anu fokus kana pemwangunan pabrik pupuk jeung industri petrokimia berbasis migas (minyak jeung gas). {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | native_name = ''Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni'' | native_name_lang = id<!-- Indonesian --> | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | type = [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|Regency]] | image_seal = Lambang Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni.tif | seal_alt = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|1.8804|S|133.3311|E|source:wikidata|display=title,inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Nagara]] | subdivision_name = [[Indonesia]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Papua Kulon(propinsi)|Papua Kulon]] | seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Ibu Kota]] | seat = [[Bintuni]] | leader_title = Bupati | leader_name = Petrus Kasihiuw | leader_title1 = Wakil Bupati | leader_name1 = Matret Kokop | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 20840.83 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_m = | population_as_of = 2017 | population_total = 76.932 jiwa | population_density_km2 = auto | population_footnotes = | timezone1 = [[Time in Indonesia|Indonesia Eastern Time]] | utc_offset1 = +9 | website = [http://www.telukbintunikab.go.id telukbintunikab.go.id] | footnotes = | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Indonesia|Area code]] | area_code = (+62) 955 | pushpin_map = Indonesia Bird's Head Peninsula#Indonesia_Western New Guinea#Indonesia | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Bird's Head Peninsula]], [[Western New Guinea]] and [[Indonesia]] |Dumasar Hukum=UU Nomor 26 Tahun 2002/LN Nomor 129 Tahun 2002}} == Kondisi Umum == === Lega Wilayah === Lega wilayah Kabupatén Teluk Bintuni nyaéta 18.114 Km² anu kaasup 13,02 % wilayah Provinsi Papua Barat. === Wates Wilayah === Di handap ieu dijelaskeun wates-wates wilayah Kabupatén Teluk Bintuni dumasar Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 26 Tahun 2002. {| class="wikitable" |+ |Kalér |Distrik Aifat Timur, Kabupaten Sorong Selatan dan Distrik Kebar, Testega, Menyambouw,Sururey Kabupaten Manokwari |- |Kidul |Distrik Kaimana, Teluk Arguni Kabupaten Kaimana dan Distrik Kokas Kabupaten Fakfak |- |Kulon |Teluk Bintuni; Distrik Kokoda, Aifat Timur Kabupaten Sorong Selatan |- |Wetan |Distrik Ransiki, Kabupaten Manokwari; Distrik Wamesa, WindesiWasior Barat Kabupaten Teluk Wondama; dan Distrik Yaur Kabupaten Nabire |} === Kasehatan === Taun 2017, Kabupatén Teluk Bintuni meunang pangajén ''United Nations Public Service Award'' (UNPSA) ti Persatuan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) sabab pamaréntahna berhasil nurunkeun angka morbiditas jeung sumebarna panyakit malaria.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://beritagar.id/artikel/berita/pemberantasan-malaria-di-teluk-bintuni-jadi-contoh-dunia|title=Pemberantasan malaria di Teluk Bintuni jadi contoh dunia|last=Pramuji|first=Sandy|date=2018-06-28|newspaper=https://beritagar.id/|language=en-ID|access-date=2018-11-26}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Padahal wilayah Papua jeung Papua Kulon téh kaasup kana kategori endemis tinggi sumebarna panyakit malaria. Program anu berhasil mawa bintuni ngahontal pangajén éta, nyaéta program anu disebut ''Early Diagnosis and Treatment'' (EDAT). Program ieu diterapkeun ti taun 2010 jang merangan malaria anu loba ngajangkit warga satempat. Reungit Anopheles anu mawa panyakit malaria, réa hirup di kabupatén anu 50% wilayahna masih kénéh rawa mangrove. Sistem EDAT jadi jawara dina kategori "Ngajangkau anu Paling Miskin tur Rentan Liwat Layanan Inklusif jeung Kamitraan di wilayah Asia Pasifik." Program ieu dilaksanakeun ku cara ngabentuk Juru Malaria Kampung (JMK) atawa spesialis malaria anu tugasna ningkatkeun kasadaran jeung méré pendidikan ka masarakat ngeunaan idéntifikasi, pencegahan, jeung pangobatan malaria. Aparat anu boga kakaitan jeung program ieu ogé ditugaskeun jang ngalatih warga jadi petugas kaséhatan, ngawadahan obat malaria sangkan leuwih gampang dipaké, sarta mastikeun kualitas obat-obatan éta. Dina ngalaksanakeun program ieu, pamaréntah Kabupatén Teluk Bintuni kerja sama jeung organisasi non-pamaréntah sarta séktor swasta. Saprak sistem EDAT diterapkeun di taun 2010, angka kejadian malaria berhasil dikurangan. Taun 2015, kasus malaria turun jadi 2,4 kajadian per 1.000 penduduk. Dalapan taun saterusna, nyaéta taun 2017, program ieu berhasil ngurangan sumebarna malaria nu awalna 9,2% nepi ka jadi 0,02% hungkul di 12 désa. Salian ti ngurangan sumebarna malaria, program EDAT ogé berhasil ngurangan tingkat morbiditas malaria nu awalna 115 pasén per 1.000 penduduk (taun 2009) jadi 5 pasén per 1.000 penduduk (2016). Pasén-pasén éta ogé asalna ti luar wilayah Kabupatén Teluk Bintuni sementara warga lokal sorangan geus teu aya anu kajangkit. === Ekonomi === Taun 2015, Kabupatén Teluk Bintuni ditetepkeun jadi [[Kawasan Ekonomi Husus]] anu fokus kana pemwangunan pabrik pupuk jeung industri petrokimia berbasis migas (minyak jeung gas). Rencanana industri ieu bakal dipuseurkeun di lahan anu legana 2,112 Ha di Desa Onar Baru, Distrik Sumuri tur bakal dikelola ku [[BUMN]], PT Pupuk Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemenperin.go.id/download/11723/Program-Kerja-Ditjen-PPI-Tahun-2016|title=Program Kerja Ditjen PPI Tahun 2016|last=|first=|website=Loka resmi Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia|publisher=Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia (Kemenperin RI)|accessdate=26 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215627/http://www.kemenperin.go.id/download/11723/Program-Kerja-Ditjen-PPI-Tahun-2016|archivedate=19 October 2017}}</ref> Loka Laman KPPIP (Komite Percepatan Penyediaan Infrastruktur Prioritas) nyatetkeun yén total investasi di Bintuni ngahontal Rp. 31,400 triliun. Diperkirakeun jumlah tenaga kerja anu bakal kaserep ku industri ieu nyaéta 51,500 jalma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kppip.go.id/proyek-strategis-nasional/s-pembangunan-kawasan-industri-prioritas-kawasan-ekonomi-khusus/kawasan-industri-teluk-bintuni-papua-barat/|title=Kawasan Industri Teluk Bintuni, Papua Barat|last=|first=|website=Komite Percepatan Penyediaan Infrastruktur Prioritas|publisher=|accessdate=26 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718160515/https://kppip.go.id/proyek-strategis-nasional/s-pembangunan-kawasan-industri-prioritas-kawasan-ekonomi-khusus/kawasan-industri-teluk-bintuni-papua-barat/|archivedate=18 July 2022}}</ref> === Distrik/Kecamatan === Awalna, Kabupatén Teluk Bintuni ngan boga 10 distrik hungkul. Nanging, saprak diterbitkeunna Peraturan Daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2007 minangka Pembentukan Distrik di Wilayah Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni, daérah ieu jadi miboga 24 distrik<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bintunikab.go.id/files/hukum/PERATURAN%20DAERAH%20TELUK%20BINTUNI/Perda%20Tahun%202007/Perda%20No.3%20Thn%202007.pdf|title=Perda Teluk Bintuni No 20 Tahun 2007|last=|first=|website=Pemerintah Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni|publisher=|accessdate=26 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813102647/http://www.bintunikab.go.id/files/hukum/PERATURAN%20DAERAH%20TELUK%20BINTUNI/Perda%20Tahun%202007/Perda%20No.3%20Thn%202007.pdf|archivedate=13 August 2012}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Nami Distrik !Ibukota !Lega Wilayah (km²) |- |Bintuni |Bintuni Barat |421,75 |- |Babo |Irarutu III |687,43 |- |Merdey |Merdey |789,44 |- |Aranday |Aranday |72,00 |- |Moskona Kidul |Jagiro |929,62 |- |Moskona Kalér |Moyeba |679,43 |- |Tembuni |Tembuni |1326,00 |- |Fruata |Fruata |1171,00 |- |Wamésa |Idoor |816,00 |- |Kuri |Sarbé |1611,00 |- |Manimeri |Bumi Saniari |316,32 |- |Tuhiba |Tuhiba |263,60 |- |Dataran Beimés |Horna |316,32 |- |Sumuri |Tofoi |1922,00 |- |Kaitaro |Sara |859,29 |- |Aroba |Aroba |859,29 |- |Mayséta |Mayséta |451,11 |- |Biscoop |Jahabra |789,44 |- |Tomu |Sebyar Rejosari |572,00 |- |Kaomundan |Kalitami I |572,00 |- |Weriagar |Weriagar |715,00 |- |Moskona Kulon |Meyerga |743,69 |- |Meyado |Meyado |743,69 |- |Moskona Wétan |Igomu |509,57 |} == Penduduk == === Jumlah Penduduk === Dumasar catetan Sénsus Penduduk 2010, jumlah penduduk Kabupatén Teluk Bintuni nyaéta 52.403 jalma, anu kasusun ti 29.022 pameget jeung 23.381 istri. Tina sensus éta katingali yén penyebaran penduduk berpusat di Distrik Bintuni nyaéta 35,40 persén, dituluykeun ku Distrik Sumuri 12,5 persén, jeung Distrik Manimeri 10,14 persén sementara distrik-distrik séjéna di handap 7 persén. Distrik Bintuni, Distrik Sumuri, jeung Distrik Manimeri téh 3 distrik anu boga penduduk panglobana nyaéta masing-masing 18.552 jalma, 6.571 jalma, dan 5.313 jalma. Ku legana anu kurang leuwih 18.637 kilo meter persegi tur dicicingan ku 52.403 jalma, maka rata-rata tingkat kapadetana nyaéta 3 jalma per kilo meter persegi. == Referénsi == dybdzyx5gpo2tscshivzyq5u4jb7v8y LiSA 0 75492 729215 712630 2026-09-26T16:23:54Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Risa Oribe''' (織部 里沙 ''Oribe Risa'', babar kaping 24 Juni 1987)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gifu-bravo.com/~chucky/biog.htm|title=Biography|last=|first=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425162408/http://www.gifu-bravo.com/~chucky/biog.htm|archivedate=2012-04-25}}</ref>, leuwih kasohor ku ngaran panggung '''LiSA''' (singgetan tina '''Love Is Same All''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/sd/NADESHIKO/event/artist06.html|title=NADESHIKO{{!}}ナデシコ 出演者一覧|last=|first=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202636/http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/sd/NADESHIKO/event/artist06.html|archivedate=2016-03-04}}</ref>, nyaéta [[penyanyi]], [[penulis lagu]], sarta [[penulis lirik]] [[Jepang]] ti [[Seki, Gifu]] jeung dikontrak jang [[Aniplex]] handapeun [[Sony Music Artis]]. Saenggeus diideuan janten musisi ti mimiti hirup manéhna mimitian gawé musikna salaku penyanyi band indie Chucky. Saenggeus Chucky dibubarkeun dina taun 2012, LiSA pindah ka [[Tokyo]] kalawan tujuan ngudag karir sorangan, nyieun debut utamana taun 2010 nyanyikeun lagu jang séri télevisi animé ''[[Angel Beats!]]'' salaku salah sahiji tina dua vokalis band piksi Girls Déad Monster.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://manga.tokyo/otaku-articles/7-popular-japanese-anime-song-artists/|title=7 Popular Japanese 'Anime Song' Artists|last=|first=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> Dina bulan April 2011, manéhna nyieun album mini ''Letters to U''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/shoot-to-fame-with-anime|title=Shoot to fame with anime|last=|first=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124220540/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/shoot-to-fame-with-anime |date=2021-01-24 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yp.scmp.com/entertainment/music/article/91586/lisa-transitions-anime-voice-talent-successful-starlet|title=LiSA transitions from anime voice talent to successful starlet|last=|first=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717184136/https://yp.scmp.com/entertainment/music/article/91586/lisa-transitions-anime-voice-talent-successful-starlet |date=2019-07-17 }}</ref> Manéhna midang dina [[Animelo Summer Live]] di bulan Agustus 2010, [[Anime Expo]] di tahun 2012, jeung jadi béntang tamu tetap di [[Anime Festival Asia]]. Lagu LiSA geus kapilih jadi musik tema rupa-rupa animé, siga ''[[Fate/Zero]] jeung'' ''[[Sword Art Online]]''.<ref name=":0" /> Laguna biasa nempatan sapuluh lagu pangluhurna di tangga lagu mingguan Oricon, lagu "Crossing Field" meunang sértipikat platinum ku [[Asosiasi Industri Rekaman Jepang]] jeung "Oath Sign" meunang sértipikat emas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaj.or.jp/f/data/cert/gd_search.html|title=Japanese album certifications 2013|last=|first=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> Manéhna midang di [[Nippon Budokan]] dina taun 2014 jeung 2015. Dina taun 2015, manéhna ngamimitian maén peran jadi pangeusi sora [[basa Jepang]] Madge Nelson dina pilem animasi ''[[Minions]].''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2052203/|title=LiSA、『ミニオンズ』で日本語吹替え初挑戦　オーディション審査員長に就任|last=|first=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Musik]] [[Kategori:Artikel Peserta WSSA]] 7xox9vu5zsaw8gzcvtbdij8wagwefhr Zakir Naik 0 75508 729360 713042 2026-09-27T02:40:42Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapihkeun}} {{Kotak info Jalma|name=Zakir Naik<br/>{{Nastaliq|ذاکِر نائيک}}<br/>ज़किर नाइक|image=Dr Zakir Naik.jpg|image_size=200px|caption=Zakir Naik di [[Maladewa]] pada tahun 2010|birth_name=Zakir Abdul Karim Naik|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1965|10|18}}|birth_place={{negara|India}} [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]|other_names=|known_for=[[Dakwah]],<br/>Pendiri [[Peace TV]],<br>Pembicara umum Islam internasional|education=[[Ilmu Perbandingan Agama|Ilmu Perbandingan Agama (''Comparative Religion Studies'')]] dan Sarjana Kedokteran dan Bedah|occupation=Ketua Yayasan Penelitian Islam (''Islamic Research Foundation IRF''), [[Pembicara umum]], [[Da'i]]|boards=Yayasan Penelitian Islam (''Islamic Research Foundation'') IRF<ref name=Irfunderscanner/>,<br>Akademi Penelitian dan Pendidikan Islam (''Islamic Education and Research Academy'') ([[iERA]])<ref name=Salafi>{{cite web | url=http://dailycaller.com/2015/09/21/the-salafist-connections-to-the-whyislam-billboard-campaign/ | title=The Salafist Connections To The WhyIslam Billboard Campaign | publisher=[[The Daily Caller]] | date=21 September 2016 | accessdate=18 July 2016 | author=Sam Westrop, Charles Jacobs}}</ref><ref name=Anti-semitic>{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/10854579/Anti-Semitic-charity-under-investigation.html | title='Anti-Semitic' charity under investigation | publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | date=24 May 2014 | accessdate=18 July 2016}}</ref>,<br> [[Sekolah Islam Internasional]] (''Islamic International School''),<br> dan Persatuan Palang Merah Islam (''United Islamic Aid'')<ref>{{cite web | url=http://archive.siasat.com/news/scholarships-muslim-students-united-islamic-aid-305037/ | title=Scholarships to Muslim students by United Islamic Aid | publisher=Siasat Daily | date=24 May 2014 | accessdate=1 April 2017}}</ref>|salary=|networth=|term=|religion=[[Islam]]|spouse=|parents=|relations=|signature=|website={{URL|http://www.irf.net/}} <br /> {{URL|http://www.peacetv.tv/}}|footnotes=|box_width=|children=[[Fariq Naik]], [[Rusyda Naik]]}} '''Zakir Abdul Karim Naik''' ( Hindi ; dilahirkeun ) Dupi anu Dai , spiker publik , jeung spiker internasional Muslim tina [[India]] . Anjeunna ogé panulis hal ngeunaan [[Islam]] sarta Élmu tina Angka Agama . Ku profesi, anjeunna mangrupa dokter médis , éarned judul "Bachelor of Medicine na Bedah" ''(Sarjana Kedokteran jeung Bedah,'' MBBS) ti Maharashtra , tapi saprak taun 1991 anjeunna ngalaman jadi spiker Muslim jeung [[Ulama|sarjana]] aub dina propaganda Islam jeung agama komparatif. Anjeunna nyatakeun yén Tujuan éta téh di antara hal séjén ngobrol ngeunaan Islam ka non-muslim na netelakeun sagala jinis misconceptions ngeunaan ageman Islam sorangan, utamana panyiri "teroris" jeung "radicalism". Anjeunna ogé spiker asup Islam salaku agama nu fits kanyataan yén ageman anu lumrah tur cocog jeung pangaweruh saintifik modérn sangkan bisa ngayakinkeun non-muslim ngeunaan ageman bebeneran. Zakir Naik nyaéta pangadeg na présidén tina Panalungtikan Yayasan Islam (IRF) <ref name="Mazumdar">{{Cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10854375/site/newsweek/|title=Beaming In Salvation|last=Mazumdar|first=Sudip|website=[[Newsweek International]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118131623/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10854375/site/newsweek/ |date=2006-01-18 }}</ref> , hiji organisasi nirlaba husus dina pangajaran Islam nu islam jeung agama Angka ogé boga jaringan saluran TV jeung disiarkeun bébas TV Péace ti Sukabumi , [[India|Indonesia]] . == Biografi == Zakir Naik lahir dina 18 Oktober 1965 di Mumbai (Bombai dina wayah éta), [[India]] jeung mangrupa turunan tina Konkani .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tungekar.com/zakirnaik.html|title=Zakir Naik|publisher=Tungekar.com|accessdate=2009-08-30}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081103043656/http://www.tungekar.com/zakirnaik.html |date=2008-11-03 }}</ref> Anjeunna sakola di ''St. Sakola Luhur Peter urang'' ( ICSE ) di kota Mumbai. Engké ngagabung jeung Kishinchand Chellaram College tur diajar kaséhatan di Topiwala Nasional Médis College tur Rumah Sakit Nair di Mumbai. Anjeunna lajeng nampi na MBBS dirina di universitas Sukabumi . Dina taun 1991, anjeunna dieureunkeun gawe salaku dokter médis sarta switch dina widang tina propaganda atawa tatapi [[Islam]] <ref>[http://drzakirnaik.com/Home/AboutMe/tabid/54/Default.aspx Biografi Dr. Zakir Naik ti DrZakirNaik.com (situs web anu dibentuk murid-Na)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019031917/http://www.drzakirnaik.com/Home/AboutMe/tabid/54/Default.aspx |date=2007-10-19 }}</ref> Naik cenah diideuan ku Ahmed Deedat <ref name="ArabNews">[http://arabnews.com/?page=9&section=0&article=84659&d=8&m=7&y=2006 Nyebarkeun Pirman Allah Dupi Misi Na] - Arab News</ref> nu geus aktif dina widang dakwah pikeun leuwih ti 40 taun.<ref>[http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2005-08/08/article03.shtml Muslim milu sedih Ahmed Deedat] , IslamOnline.net, August 8, 2005</ref> Numutkeun Naik, obyektif nyaéta "konsentrasi dina pangajaran nonoman Muslim mimiti ragu ageman sorangan jeung ngarasa ageman maranéhanana geus kolot" <ref name="Hansen">{{Cite book|title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay|url=https://archive.org/details/wagesofviolencen0000hans|last=Hansen|first=Thomas|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2001|isbn=0-691-08840-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/wagesofviolencen0000hans/page/177 177]}} </ref> sarta mangrupa tugas ti unggal Muslim mun dispel misconceptions ngeunaan islam ngalawan naon anjeunna ditanggap sakumaha bias anti Islam ku média Kulon sanggeus 11 Séptémber 2001 serangan ngalawan [[Amérika Sarikat|Amérika Serikat]] .<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=71409&d=9&m=10&y=2005&pix=kingdom.jpg&category=Kingdom Media ngadesek ka Bias counter Anti Muslim] - Arab News, Minggu 9 Oktober 2005</ref> Anjeunna geus ngajar tur ditulis sababaraha buku asup Islam sarta ageman komparatif <ref>[http://www.irf.net/irf/dtp/dawah_tech/t18/t18a/pg1.htm Sapuluh Patarosan ilahar ditanya ku Christian misionaris ngalawan Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204071508/http://www.irf.net/irf/dtp/dawah_tech/t18/t18a/pg1.htm |date=2009-02-04 }} ku Dr. Zakir Naik on IRF.net</ref> ogé hal anu dimaksudkeun pikeun nyabut mamang ngeunaan Islam.<ref>[http://www.peacetv.tv/faq.php FAQs asup Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211140438/http://peacetv.tv/faq.php |date=2010-02-11 }} ku Dr. Zakir Naik</ref> Sababaraha artikel nu ogé mindeng dimuat dina Majalah India sakumaha Sora Islam .<ref>[http://www.islamicvoice.com/march.99/zakir.htm#QUE Larangan Alkohol di Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530111635/http://www.islamicvoice.com/march.99/zakir.htm#QUE |date=2008-05-30 }} - Sora Islam</ref><ref>[http://islamicvoice.com/august.99/zakir.htm#QUE Ieu Islam Sumebar ku Pedang?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530130819/http://www.islamicvoice.com/august.99/zakir.htm#QUE |date=2008-05-30 }} - ku Dr. Zakir Naik</ref><ref>[http://islamicvoice.com/august.2004/zakir.htm#ark Dupi Ram Kresna Jeung nabi Of Allah?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630193506/http://www.islamicvoice.com/august.2004/zakir.htm#ark |date=2008-06-30 }} - Sora Islam</ref> Thomas Blom Hansen , [[Sosiologi|sosiolog]] anu nyepeng posisi akademik di universitas, geus ditulis yén Naik gaya perpetuate [[Qur'an|Alquran]] sarta [[hadis]] di sagala rupa basa, sarta iinditan ka nagara béda ngabahas Islam kalawan théologian nu, geus dijieun utamana well-dipikawanoh dina Muslim sarta non -Muslim. Sanajan anjeunna biasana spéaks ka ratusan Hadirin, sarta sakapeung rébuan Hadirin, éta vidéotape sarta DVD ceramah anu disebarkeun luas. kecap biasa anu kacatet dina basa Inggris, bisa disiarkeun dina sabtu minggu dina jaringan TV kabel dina Muslim Sukabumi,<ref name="Hansen"/> sarta dina channel Péace TV , anu mana anjeunna ko-promotes.<ref name="Mazumdar"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25960&Itemid=146|title=Peace TV Reaching 50 Million Viewers – Dr. Zakir Naik|last=Syed Neaz Ahmad|website=[[Saudi Gazette]]|accessdate=2007-05-18}}</ref> Jejer anjeunna ngawangkong ngeunaan ngawengku: "Islam Élmu Modern", "Islam jeung Kristen" jeung "Islam Sekularisme", di antarana.<ref name="Hansen" /> == Kuliah, Debat jeung Kontroversi == Naik geus ngayakeun loba debat jeung ceramah sapanjang dunya <ref name="Irfunderscanner">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/zakir-naiks-foundation-under-the-scanner/article8829130.ece|title=Zakir Naik's UK-registered Foundation under scanner|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|pages=Pandey, Devesh K.|accessdate=18 July 2016}}</ref> , anjeunna biasa ngayakeun di Mumbai, India, sarta unggal taun saprak 2007 anjeunna mingpin Konférénsi Islam 10 poé di Somaiya Ground, Sion, Sukabumi kalayan sarjana sejenna, kaasup politikus [[Malaysia]] , Anwar Ibrahim dina 2008.<ref>Shahid Raza Burney (2007-12-31) [http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=105128 Katerangan Zakir Naik urang dina Muslim Yazid narik Anger Diantara] News Arab. Dicutat tanggal 2009-07-30.</ref> Dina taun 2004, Naik ngalongok [[Selandia Anyar]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tewahanui.info/pdfs/4/twn04pg04.pdf|title=Scholar clears the air about Islam ‘labels’|website=[[Te Waha Nui]]|format=PDF|accessdate=2007-05-20}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035232/http://www.tewahanui.info/pdfs/4/twn04pg04.pdf |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref> lajeng ibukota Australia dina uleman ti éta Émbaran Islam and Services Network of Australasia . Dina konférénsi anu di Melbourne , nurutkeun wartawan Sushi Das, "Naik muji kakuatan moral jeung spiritual islam jeung agama sejen railed jeung Kulon sacara umum", nambahkeun yén kecap Naik urang "wanti sumanget separateness sarta nguatkeun separation".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/sushi-das/between-two-worlds/2005/07/27/1122143904716.html|title=Between two worlds|website=[[The Age]]|accessdate=2007-05-20}}</ref> Bulan 1 April [[2005]] , Naik kaasup dina perdebatan kalawan William Campbell, topik mangrupa Islam jeung Kristen dina konteks sains, di mana maranéhna ngobrol ngeunaan dugaan kasalahan ilmiah dina kitab suci.<ref>Khaled Ahmed (2006-01-08) [https://web.archive.org/web/20130203020302/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C01%5C08%5Cstory_8-1-2006_pg3_3 WORD kecap: William Campbell versus Zakir Naik] Daily Times. Dicutat tanggal 2009-07-30.</ref> Khushwant Singh, hiji wartawan India, ngomong yén kecap Naik urang "kejem" jeung "aranjeunna arang asupkeun perdebatan kuliah tingkat sarjana, nu kontestan bersaing saling keur nangtukeun nilai pangalusna".<ref name="The Tribune">[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050305/saturday/above.htm kapercayaan Hiji lalaki urang téh shackle sejen urang] ku Khuswant Singh,</ref><ref name="Hindustan Times">[http://www.hvk.org/articles/1107/18.html Kunaon Umat Islam lag balik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007203832/http://www.hvk.org/articles/1107/18.html |date=2009-10-07 }} ku Khuswant Singh,</ref> Analis pulitik Khaled Ahmed ngemutan yén Zakir Naik, nurutkeun ngaku kakuatan Islam ka aqidah agama sejen, lila-naon anjeunna nyaéta panggero ''Orientalism mundur.'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_16-12-2003_pg3_4|title=Second opinion: Zakir Naik’s ‘reverse orientalism’ —Khaled Ahmed’s TV Review|website=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930163638/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_16-12-2003_pg3_4|archivedate=2007-09-30|accessdate=2007-05-20}}</ref> Dina kuliah di Melbourne Universitas , Naik ngomong yén ngan Islam témbong awéwé hiji kasaruaan leres.<ref name="women">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/08/29/1093717837783.html|title=Islam's gender debate at the fore|publisher=Theage.com.au|accessdate=2009-08-30}}</ref> Anjeunna ditembongkeun pentingna panutup kepala mertimbangkeun yén "hiji baju buka Barat" sangkan awéwé leuwih gampang ngalaman pelecehan seksual.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/the-clash-of-ignorance/2005/08/06/1123125843879.html|title=The clash of ignorance|publisher=Theage.com.au|accessdate=2009-08-30}}</ref> 21 Januari 2006, Naik ngayakeun hiji dialog antaragama kalawan Sri Sri Ravi Shankar . Acara ieu ngeunaan konsep Allah dina Islam jeung hindu, hasil ahir tina ieu nyadiakeun pamahaman antara dua agama utama India, tur tarik kaluar téh kamiripan antara Islam jeung Hindu, kayaning kumaha berhala dilarang. Diayakeun di Bangalore , India jeung 50.000 urang thronged nu Istana grounds .<ref>[http://www.thetruecall.com/home/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=167 dialog agama pikeun Pencerahan Spiritual] Dicutat tanggal 2009-07-20.</ref> Bulan Agustus 2006, kunjungan na konferensi Naik di Cardiff (Britania Raya) janten objek kontrovérsi lamun MP (anggota parlemen) Wales Daud Davies dipénta acara nyaéta dibolaykeun. Anjeunna nyebut hiji "penjual kebencian ', sarta ngomong pintonan na teu mantes menagkeun 'platform publik '; Muslim ti Cardiff, ngaropéa hak nyarita numpak di kota maranéhanana. Saleem Kidwai, Sekjen Déwan Muslim Wales, teu satuju sareng Davies, nyatakeun yén "jalma nu nyaho manéhna ''(Naik)'' weruh yén manéhna téh salah sahiji paling kontroversial kantos. Anjeunna dikaitkeun kana kamiripan antara agama, tur kumaha urang kudu hirup rukun sareng maranéhna ", sarta diondang Davies ngabahas satuluyna jeung naékna di baé dina konférénsi éta. Konférénsi indit payun, sanggeus déwan Cardiff ngomong yén maranéhanana éta senang nalika anjeunna henteu nyarita ku pintonan extremist.<ref>[http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_method=full&objectid=17572219&siteid=50082-name_page.html Baris leuwih da'wah Islam] - WalesOnline.co.uk</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0200wales/tm_objectid=17598165%26method=full%26siteid=50082-name_page.html|title=Cleric's address hailed a success|last=Katie Bodinger|publisher=Icwales.icnetwork.co.uk|accessdate=2009-08-30}}</ref> Sanggeus ceramah ku Paus Benedict XVI dina bulan Séptember 2006, Naik nangtang perdebatan publik langsung ka anjeunna, tapi ditampik ku Paus.<ref name="Pak Tribune">[http://www.islamicity.com/forum/printer_friendly_posts.asp?TID=7109 Dr Zakir Naik Ujang Paus Benedict XVI keur interfaith dialog muka] - IslamCity.com - 07 Oktober 2006 di 10:07 pm</ref> Dina bulan Nopémber 2007, konferensi IRF sarta pameran Islam Internasional 10 poé ''Konférénsi Damai'' Islam di Somaiya Ground di Sukabumi. Ceramah ngeunaan Islam diayakeun Naik ogé dua puluh sarjana Islam sejenna ti sakuliah dunya.<ref name="Gazette">[http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=200803311990&archiveissuedate=31/03/2008 Kaadilan, karapihan sarta kahijian: The cornerstone islam] ku Syed Neaz Ahmad, [[Saudi Gazette|Saudi Warta]]</ref> Salila salah sahiji pidatona, Naik ngangsonan anger di antara anggota masarakat Si'ah di konférénsi éta nalika anjeunna disebutkeun kecap "Radhiyallah taa'la anhu" (nu hartina 'Dupi Gusti ngahampura manéhna') sanggeus nami Yazid I, sarta nyebutkeun yén perang Karbala saukur dumasar kana pulitik ,<ref name="Times of India">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Row_over_Islamic_preachers_remarks_/articleshow/2653996.cms Row_over_Islamic_preachers_remarks] ku Mohammed Wajihuddin, [[Times of India]]</ref> Batur yakin comment hiji ngahaja.<ref name="Arab News">[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=105128 Katerangan Zakir Naik urang on Yazid narik Anger antara muslim] ku Shahid Raza Burney, [[Arab News]]</ref> Dina terbitan 22 Pébruari 2009, di India Express dijieun daptar "100 Jalma India nu pangkuatna 2009" di antara nu samilyar urang India, Zakir Naik ieu rengking 82. Dina daptar husus "10 Guru Spiritual Terbaik India", Zakir Naik ieu rengking 3, sanggeus Baba Ramdev sarta Sri Sri Ravi Shankar , keur hiji-hijina Muslim dina daptar ieu. == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Tumbu éksternal == * [https://www.youtube.com/user/Drzakirchannel Channel resmi] dina [[Youtube|YouTube]] {{Umur hirup|1965||Naik, Zakir}} [[Kategori:Cendekiawan Muslim]] [[Kategori:Artikel Peserta WSSA]] 4uy6wjs886evjqxsrnud69r9gnzi2ha Olimpiade 0 75525 729238 705209 2026-09-26T19:04:40Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729238 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olimpiade''' ( [[Basa Perancis|Perancis]] : ''les Jeux olympiques,'' ''Jo)'' <ref>[http://www.olympic.org/fr/ "Perancis sarta Inggris anu basa resmi pikeun Olimpiade".] Dicutat tanggal July 7, 2012</ref> nyaéta acara olahraga internasional opat taunan anu nandingkeun cabang-cabang olahraga usum panas jeung usum tiis , sarta dituturkeun ku rébuan atlit anu bersaing di sagala rupa kompetisi olahraga. Olimpiade nyaéta kompetisi olahraga panggedéna jeung ngarah di dunya, kalawan leuwih ti 200 nagara milu. Mimitina, Olimpiade ngan lumangsung dina jaman Yunani dugi tungtungna Olimpiade kuno dina 393 Maséhi ieu dieureunkeun ku Kaisar Romawi , Théodosius . Olimpiade dituluykeun deui ku nobleman [[Perancis]] ngaranna Pierre Fredy Baron de Coubertin taun 1896. Dina 1894 Kongrés diayakeun di [[Paris]] , diadegkeun Komite Internasional Olimpiade (IOC) jeung Ibu Kota [[Yunani]] , Athena ieu dipilih salaku tempat anu munggaran modérn Olimpiade taun 1896. Saterusna, saprak 1896 nepi ka kiwari, unggal opat taun, Olimpiade sok diayakeun iwal ti taun mangsa [[Perang Dunya II]]. Èdisi husus pikeun olahraga usum ; Usum Olimpiade , dimimitian dilaksanakeun dina 1924. Dina Olimpiade Usum tiis mimiti diayakeun dina taun anu sarua jeung Olimpiade Usum Tiis, tapi saprak Olimpiade Usum tiis 1994 nu dilaksanakeun saban opat warsih, kalawan selang waktu dua taun ti Olimpiade Usum Panas. Évolusi dijieun ku IOC salila abad ka-20 jeung 21 geus ngarah ka sababaraha parobahan dina Olimpiade. Sababaraha pangaluyuan dijieun, kaasup penciptaan OLimpiade Usum Tiis pikeun olahraga es jeung salju,Paralympic Kaulinan pikeun atlit jeung disabilities jeung Pamuda Olimpiade pikeun atlit rumaja. Dina prosés, Olimpiade geus Nyanghareupan rupa tantangan, jigah boikot, pamakéan obat-obatan, suap sarta térorisme. Olimpiade ogé kasempetan gedé pikeun kotana jeung nagara tuan rumah pikeun nunjukkeun diri ka dunya. Gerak Olimpiade diwangun ku Internasional Olahraga Federation (IF), Komite Olimpiade Nasional (Kolek), sarta Komite pangatur tina Olimpiade (OCOG). Salaku badan anu nyieun kaputusan, IOC boga tanggung jawab milih kota tuan rumah pikeun tiap kaulinan, ogé ngatur jeung ngabiayaan Pésta Olahraga luyu jeung Piagam Olimpiade. IOC ogé nangtukeun program Olimpiade, nu diwangun ku olahraga anu bakal dilombakeun di Olimpiade. Aya sababaraha ritual Olimpiade jeung simbul, kawas bendera na obor, kitu ogé lawang jeung upacara nutup. Leuwih ti 13.000 atlit bersaing dina Olimpiade Usum Panas jeung Tiis dina 33 olahraga béda jeung ampir 400 patandingan. Pameunang kahiji, kadua, sarta katilu di unggal kompetisi narima medali: emas, pérak, jeung parunggu. Di [[Indonésia|Indonesia]] , Olimpiade anu mindeng dipikawanoh tur rutin dituturkeun téh Olimpiade Usum Tiis. Indonesia mimitian milu dina Olimpiade Helsinki dina 1952 di [[Finlandia]] , jeung teu pernah absen milu dina taun saterusna, iwal dina 1964 sarta 1980.<ref name="Indonesia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/indonesia|title=Indonesia on Olympics|publisher=olympic.org|accessdate=7 August 2012}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+'''Bandar tuan rumah Sukan Olimpik''' ! colspan="4" |'''Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas''' ! colspan="4" |'''Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk''' |- |''Tahun'' |''Olimpiad ke-'' |''Bandar Tuan Rumah'' |''Negara'' |''№'' |''Bandar Tuan Rumah'' |''Negara'' |- |1896 |I |Athens (1) |Yunani (1) | | | |- |1900 |II |Paris (1) |Perancis (1) | | | |- |1904 |III |St. Louis, Missouri<sup>('''1''')</sup> (1) |Amerika Syarikat (1) | | | |- |1906 |Intercalated |Athens |Yunani | | | |- |1908 |IV |London (1) |United Kingdom (1) | | | |- |1912 |V |Stockholm (1) |Sweden (1) | | | |- |''1916'' |''VI'' <sup>('''2''')</sup> |''Berlin'' | ''Empayar Jerman'' | | | |- |1920 |VII |Antwerp (1) |Belgium (1) | | | |- |1924 |VIII |Paris (2) |Perancis (2) |I |Chamonix (1) | Perancis (1) |- |1928 |IX |Amsterdam (1) |Belanda (1) |II |St Moritz (1) | Switzerland (1) |- |1932 |X |Los Angeles, California(1) |Amerika Syarikat (2) |III |Lake Placid, New York (1) | Amerika Syarikat (1) |- |1936 |XI |Berlin (1) |Jerman (1) |IV |Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1) | Jerman (1) |- |''1940'' |''XII'' <sup>('''3''')</sup> |''Tokyo→Helsinki'' | ''Jepun''→ ''Finland'' |''V'' <sup>('''2''')</sup> |''Sapporo→St Moritz→Garmisch-Partenkirchen'' | '' Jepun''→ '' Switzerland''→ '' Jerman'' |- |''1944'' |''XIII'' <sup>('''3''')</sup> |''London'' | ''United Kingdom'' |''V'' <sup>('''3''')</sup> |''Cortina d'Ampezzo'' | '' Itali'' |- |1948 |XIV |London (2) |United Kingdom (2) |V |St Moritz (2) | Switzerland (2) |- |1952 |XV |Helsinki (1) |Finland (1) |VI |Oslo (1) | Norway (1) |- |1956 |XVI |Melbourne (1) + Stockholm (2)<sup>('''4''')</sup> |Australia (1) + Sweden (2) |VII |Cortina d'Ampezzo (1) | Itali (1) |- |1960 |XVII |Rome (1) |Itali (1) |VIII |Squaw Valley, California (1) | Amerika Syarikat (2) |- |1964 |XVIII |Tokyo (1) |Jepun (1) |IX |Innsbruck (1) | Austria (1) |- |1968 |XIX |Mexico City (1) |Mexico (1) |X |Grenoble (1) | Perancis (2) |- |1972 |XX |Munich (1) |Jerman Barat (2) |XI |Sapporo (1) | Jepun (1) |- |1976 |XXI |Montréal, Quebec (1) |Kanada (1) |XII |Innsbruck (2) | Austria (2) |- |1980 |XXII |Moscow (1) |Kesatuan Soviet (1) |XIII |Lake Placid, New York (2) | Amerika Syarikat (3) |- |1984 |XXIII |Los Angeles, California (2) |Amerika Syarikat (3) |XIV |Sarajevo (1) | Yugoslavia (1) |- |1988 |XXIV |Séoul (1) |Koréa Selatan (1) |XV |Calgary, Alberta (1) | Kanada (1) |- |1992 |XXV |Barcelona (1) |Sepanyol (1) |XVI |Albertville (1) | Perancis (3) |- |1994 | | | |XVII |Lillehammer (1) | Norway (2) |- |1996 |XXVI |Atlanta, Géorgia (1) |Amerika Syarikat (4) | | | |- |1998 | | | |XVIII |Nagano (1) | Jepun (2) |- |2000 |XXVII |Sydney (1) |Australia (2) | | | |- |2002 | | | |XIX |Salt Lake City, Utah (1) | Amerika Syarikat (4) |- |2004 |XXVIII |Athens (2) |Yunani (2) | | | |- |2006 | | | |XX |Turin (Torino) (1) | Itali (2) |- |2008 |XXIX |Beijing (1) <sup>('''5''')</sup> |China (1) | | | |- |2010 | | | |XXI |Vancouver, British Columbia (1) | Kanada (2) |- |2012 |XXX |London (3) |United Kingdom (3) | | | |- |2014 | | | |XXII |Sochi (1) |Rusia (1) |- |2016 |XXXI |Rio de Janeiro (1) |Brazil (1) | | | |- |2018 | | | |XXIII |Pyéongchang (1) |Koréa Selatan (1) |- |2021<sup>('''6''')</sup> |XXXII |Tokyo (2) |Jepun (2) | | | |- |2022 | | | |XXIV |Beijing (2) |China (2) |} == Komite Olimpiade Internasional == [[Gambar:Siege_cio.jpg|ka|jmpl|250x250px| markas IOC di Lausanne , [[Suis|Swiss]] . ]] Gerak Olimpiade diwangun ku angka nu gedé mangrupa organisasi sarta ''federations'' olahraga nasional jeung internasional, kaasup mitra média ogé atlit, pajabat, hakim sarta unggal jalma jeung lembaga nu satuju kana abide ku aturan Piagam Olimpiade .<ref name="movement">{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/organisation/index_uk.asp|title=The Olympic Movement|publisher=International Olympic Committee|accessdate=2 May 2009}}</ref> Salaku organisasi tina gerakan Olimpiade, Komite Olimpiade Internasional (IOC) nyaéta anu bertanggung jawab nangtukeun tuan rumah, ngawas tata sarta palaksanaan Olimpiade, ngamutahirkeun tur nyatujuan cabang olahraga anu dilombakeun jeung ngurus sponsor jeung hak siaran keur média.<ref name="movement roles">{{Cite web|url=http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_843.pdf|title=Roles and responsibilities during the Olympic Games|publisher=International Olympic Committee|pages=1–2|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429054311/http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_843.pdf|archivedate=29 April 2011|accessdate=2 May 2009}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429054311/http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_843.pdf |date=29 April 2011 }}</ref> Komite Olimpiade Internasional diwangun ku tilu badan utama, nyaéta: * Internasional Federation ''(internasional Federations'' / IF): mangrupa badan anu ngawas olahraga di tingkat internasional. Contona: [[FIFA|Féderasi Internasional Football]] (FIFA) nyaéta IF pikeun cabang olahraga soccer, Fédération Internationale de voli (FIVB) nyaéta IF pikeun cabang olahraga voli. Ayeuna aya 35 IF dina Gerakan Olimpiade, ngalambangkeun tiap tina olahraga dilombakeun dina Olimpiade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/official/ioc/n214186786.shtml|title=For the Good of the Athletes|publisher=The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad|accessdate=4 February 2009}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123170335/http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/official/ioc/n214186786.shtml |date=23 January 2009 }}</ref> * Komite Nasional Olimpiade ''(komite Olimpiade Nasional'' / Kolek): hiji organisasi nu ngatur Gerak Olimpiade di nagara masing-masing. Contona: di Komite Olimpiade Amérika Serikat (USOC) nyaéta Kolek [[Amérika Sarikat|Amerika]] , Komite Olimpiade Indonesian nyaéta Kolek [[Indonésia|Indonesia]] , jeung saterusna. Ayeuna aya 206 NOCs dipikawanoh ku IOC.<ref name="iocfactsheet">{{Cite web|url=http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1138.pdf|title=IOC Factsheet|publisher=International Olympic Committee|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429094019/http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1138.pdf|archivedate=29 April 2011|accessdate=2 February 2009}}</ref> * Komite pangatur Olimpiade ''(komite pangatur keur Olimpiade'' / OCOG): a panitia samentara jawab perayaan Olimpiade nyandak tempat. OCOG leyur sanggeus Olimpiade réngsé sarta sanggeus laporan akhir geus dikirim ka IOC.<ref name="iocfactsheet" /> [[Basa Perancis|Perancis]] sarta [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]] anu basa resmi sahiji Gerak Olimpiade. basa lianna anu dipaké dina unggal Olimpiade nyaéta bahasa bangsa tuan rumah. Unggal proklamasi acara (pengumuman tina ngaran nagara milu dina upacara bubuka) anu dipaké di tilu atawa dua basa, gumantung kana nagara tuan rumah; naha nagara maké Inggris atawa Prancis.<ref>Olimpiade Piagam (2007), Aturan 24, p. 53.</ref> == rujukan == <references group=""></references> [[Kategori:Olimpiade]] [[Kategori:Artikel Peserta WSSA]] exe2b32my4qfssgyrq9luwhhry4oxop Karéta api Mataram 0 88161 729177 710524 2026-09-26T13:31:06Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail line | name = Mataram | image =Mataram_NewGen_Livery_WnB.jpg | caption = KA Mataram ngaliwat di daérah Bekasi, nu tos ngagunakeun rangkaian karéta ''New Generation Stainless Steel'', 2025 | locale = Daop 6 Jogja | system = Karéta api jarak jauh | status = Beroperasi | class = Éksekutip-Ékonomi | stock = [[CC201]]/[[CC203]]/[[CC204]]/[[CC206]] | character = | open = 15 Juni 2017 (minangka KA Mataram Prémium) 17 Pébruari 2019 (minangka KA Mataram Éksekutip-Bisnis) | owner = [[Kereta Api Indonesia]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi VI Yogyakarta]] | start = [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Pasar Senén]] | end = [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan]] | gauge = 1.067 mm | speed = 70-120 km/jam }} '''Karéta api Mataram''' ([[Aksara Sunda Baku]]: {{sund|ᮊᮛᮦᮒ ᮃᮕᮤ ᮙᮒᮛᮙ᮪}}; [[Basa Jawa]]: {{jav|ꦱꦼꦥꦸꦂ​ꦩꦠꦫꦩ꧀}}, ''Sepur Mataram'') nyaéta karéta api kelas éksekutif jeung ékonomi anu ngalayanan ruteu [[Stasion Solo Balapan]]–[[Stasion Pasar Senén]].<ref name="KA">[http://www.keretaapikita.com/ Informasi KA Mataram]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{id}}</ref> Karéta ieu dioperasikeun ku [[Daérah Operasi VI Yogyakarta]].<ref name="KA"/> Mimitina, karéta api ieu dioperasikeun pikeun angkutan lebaran di taun [[2017]], ngabantuan tugas [[Karéta api Bogowonto|KA Bogowonto]], [[Karéta api Gajah Wong|KA Gajah Wong]], [[Karéta api Jaka Tingkir|KA Jaka Tingkir]], jeung [[Karéta api Progo|KA Progo]] anu ngalayanan ruteu nu sarua.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.krjogja.com/web/news/read/35475/i|title=KA Mataram Premium Lempuyangan - Pasar Senen beroperasi 15 Juni 2017|last=Aditya|first=Ivan|date=13 Juni 2017|website=KRJogja.com|publisher=|access-date=16 April 2018|accessdate=19 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416201110/http://www.krjogja.com/web/news/read/35475/i|archivedate=16 April 2018}}</ref> Mimiti [[17 Pébruari]] [[2019]], rangkéan karéta api Mataram Prémium anu asalna mangrupa [[karéta api ékonomi|ékonomi prémium]] (K3 2017) diganti jadi karéta campuran éksekutip-bisnis. Sedengkeun urut rangkéanna dimutasi ka [[Bandung]] pikeun dipaké rangkéan [[Karéta api Pangandaran]]. Ti tanggal 1 Désémber 2019, lintasan karéta api ieu dipanjang nepi [[Stasion Solo Balapan]]. == Spésifikasi karéta == * [[Lokomotip]] [[CC 201]]/[[CC 203]]/[[CC204]]/[[CC206]] * 7 karéta ékonomi (K3 24 SLO) * 1 karéta makan (M1 SLO) * 2 karéta éksékutip (K1 24 SLO) * 1 karéta pembangkit (P1 SLO) == Stasion nu dilayanan == * [[Stasion Solo Balapan]] * [[Stasion Klatén]] * [[Stasion Yogyakarta]] * [[Stasion Warungbandrék|Stasion Wates]] * [[Stasion Kutoarjo]] * [[Stasion Kebumén]] * [[Stasion Gombong]] * [[Stasion Kroya]] * [[Stasion Purwokerto]] * [[Stasion Bumiayu]] * [[Stasion Cirebon]] * [[Stasion Jatibarang]] * [[Stasion Haurgeulis]] * [[Stasion Bekasi]] * [[Stasion Jatinegara]] * [[Stasion Pasar Senén]]<ref name="KA"/> == Jadwal == [[Gambar:Mataram train route geographic map (2025).svg|kiri|450x450px|jmpl|Péta ruteu karéta api Mataram dina Gapéka 2025]] {{Clear}} Karéta ieu gaduh waktos dina perjalanan salama kirang langkung 7 jam 48 menit. Jadwal anu leuwih lengkepna tingali di luhur. == Galeri == <gallery> File:Mataram Premium 2018.jpg|Karéta api Mataram masih ngalayanan kélas ékonomi AC prémium anu rangkéan bahanna ''Stainless Steel''. File:KA_Mataram_Bisnis-Eksekutif.jpg|KA Mataram geus ngaliwat [[Stasion Cikampék]] </gallery> == Tingali ogé == * [[Karéta api Progo]] * [[Karéta api Gajah Wong]] * [[Karéta api Jaka Tingkir]] * [[Karéta api Bogowonto]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Id}} [https://www.kereta-api.co.id/ Situs resmi PT Kereta Api Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207010112/https://www.kereta-api.co.id/ |date=2016-12-07 }} {{Karéta-stub}} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] mf9t4nq0tpadmecm7t8q18sr5o8vakg Karéta api Wijayakusuma 0 88166 729182 677764 2026-09-26T13:49:56Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail line | name = Karéta api Wijayakusuma | color = | logo = {{Papan karéta api|KA WIJAYAKUSUMA|Cilacap - Ketapang (PP)|17pt}} | logo_width = | image = Joglosemarkerto YK.jpg | image_width = 300px | caption = KA Wijayakusuma tiba di [[Stasion Kroya]] | class = Éksekutip-Ékonomi AC Prémium | system = Karéta api Jarak Jauh | status = Beroperasi | locale = Daop 5 Purwokerto | start = [[Stasion Cilacap|Cilacap]] | end = [[Stasion Ketapang (Banyuwangi)|Ketapang]] | stations = | ridership = | routenumber = 7092/7093 - 7094/7091 | linenumber = | open = 26 Séptémber 2017 | close = | reopen = | owner = [[PT Kereta Api Indonesia]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi V Purwokerto]] | character = Lintas datar jeung pagunungan | depot = Purwokerto (PWT), pikeun lokomotip jeung rangkéan karéta | stock = [[CC201]], [[CC203]], atawa [[CC206]] | linelength = | last = | first = | tracklength = | notrack = | gauge = 1067 mm | el = - | speed = 60 - 90 km/jam | elevation = | map = }} '''Karéta api Wijayakusuma''' nyaéta [[karéta api]] campuran kelas éksekutip jeung ékonomi prémium anu ngalayanan ruteu [[Stasion Cilacap|Cilacap]]-[[Stasion Ketapang|Ketapang (Banyuwangi)]] liwat jalur kidul (Yogyakarta-Solo-Madiun-Surabaya-Jember). Karéta api ieu dioperasikeun ku [[Daérah Operasi V Purwokerto]]. KA ieu diresmikeun ku Bupati Cilacap Totto Suwarto Pamudji sarta Diréktur Utama PT Kereta Api Indonesia [[Édi Sukmoro]] jeung VP Daop 5 Purwokerto (PWT) di [[Stasion Cilacap]] di tanggal 26 Séptémber 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/travel/2017/09/29/pt-kai-luncurkan-kereta-api-wijayakusuma-warga-cilacap-bisa-jalan-jalan-ke-soloyogyakarta|title=KA Wijayakusuma Resmi Beroperasi Relasi Cilacap-Yogyakarta/Solo Balapan (26 September 2017)|website=tribunnews.com|language=id|access-date=2017-09-29}}</ref>. == Sajarah == PT Kereta Api Indonesia miboga rencana ngahapus [[karéta api bisnis|kelas bisnis]] dina layananana, jadi engké ngan aya [[karéta api éksekutip|kelas éksekutip]] jeung [[karéta api ékonomi|ékonomi]]. Salasahiji carana nyaéta medalkeun layanan karéta anyar kalawan kelas ékonomi prémium.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/3002413/kai-akan-hapus-kereta-kelas-bisnis-secara-bertahap|title=KAI Akan Hapus Kereta Kelas Bisnis Secara Bertahap|last=Liputan6.com|newspaper=liputan6.com|access-date=2018-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rri.co.id/post/berita/474080/ekonomi/pt_kai_hapus_ka_bisnis_secara_bertahap.html|title=PT KAI Hapus KA Bisnis Secara Bertahap|website=rri.co.id|language=en|access-date=2018-08-31}}</ref> Karéta api ieu mimitina dioperasikeun minangka [[karéta api ékonomi|kelas ékonomi prémium]] kalawan jurusan Cilacap-Yogyakarta/Solo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-3659549/pt-kai-luncurkan-ka-wijayakusuma-relasi-cilacap-yogyakarta|title=PT KAI Luncurkan KA Wijayakusuma Relasi Cilacap-Yogyakarta|last=Raharjo|first=Edzan|newspaper=detiknews|access-date=2018-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715090148/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-3659549/pt-kai-luncurkan-ka-wijayakusuma-relasi-cilacap-yogyakarta|archive-date=2023-07-15}}</ref> Ngan ti mimiti [[1 Séptémber]] [[2018]], layanan KA Wijayakusuma dipanjangan nepi ka [[Kabupatén Banyuwangi|Banyuwangi]] ngaliwatan Yogyakarta-Solo-Madiun-Surabaya-Jember, anu kelasna campuran éksekutip jeung ékonomi prémium.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jatim.sindonews.com/read/984/1/kereta-api-wijaya-kusuma-kini-jangkau-banyuwangi-1535526496|title=Kereta Api Wijaya Kusuma Kini Jangkau Banyuwangi|newspaper=SINDOnews.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-01}}</ref> == Séké-sélér ngaran == Ngaran Wijayakusuma asalna ti ngaran kembang [[Wijayakusuma]] anu sok aya di daérah [[Kabupatén Cilacap]]. == Spésifikasi karéta == * Lokomotip [[CC201]], [[CC203]], atawa [[CC206]] * 4 [[karéta api éksekutip]] (K1 PWT) * 1 karéta makan pembangkit (MP2/MP3 PWT/SMC) * 4 [[karéta api ékonomi|karéta api ékonomi prémium]] (K3 17 PWT) * 1 karéta bahasi (B PWT) == Jadwal lalampahan == Ieu jadwal lalampahan karéta api Wijayakusuma dumasar Gapéka 2019. {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Stasion ! colspan="2" |KA 124/125 ! rowspan="2" |Stasion ! colspan="2" |KA 123/126 |- !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit |- |[[Stasion Cilacap|'''Cilacap''']] | - |14.50 |[[Stasion Ketapang (Banyuwangi)|'''Ketapang''']] | - |11.15 |- |[[Stasion Maos|Maos]] |15.16 |15.19 |[[Stasion Banyuwangi Kota|Banyuwangi Kota]] |11.29 |11.33 |- |[[Stasion Kroya|Kroya]] |15.34 |15.45 |[[Stasion Rogojampi|Rogojampi]] |11.45 |11.47 |- |[[Stasion Sumpiuh|Sumpiuh]] |15.57 |15.59 |[[Stasion Temuguruh|Temuguruh]] |11.59 |12.01 |- |[[Stasion Gombong|Gombong]] |16.15 |16.17 |[[Stasion Kalisetail|Kalisetail]] |12.11 |12.13 |- |[[Stasion Kebumén|Kebumén]] |16.46 |16.52 |[[Stasion Kalibaru|Kalibaru]] |12.31 |12.33 |- |[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] |17.28 |17.35 |[[Stasion Kalisat|Kalisat]] |13.17 |13.23 |- |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] |18.26 |18.40 |[[Stasion Jember|Jember]] |13.42 |13.52 |- |[[Stasion Klatén|Klatén]] |19.05 |19.07 |[[Stasion Rambipuji|Rambipuji]] |14.04 |14.06 |- |[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan]] |19.32 |19.40 |[[Stasion Tanggul|Tanggul]] |14.26 |14.28 |- |[[Stasiun Sragén|Sragén]] |20.09 |20.11 |[[Stasion Klakah|Klakah]] |14.58 |15.00 |- |[[Stasion Ngawi|Ngawi]] |20.45 |20.47 |[[Stasion Probolinggo|Probolinggo]] |15.35 |15.43 |- |[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]] |21.09 |21.22 |[[Stasion Bayéman|Bayéman]] |15.55 |16.02 |- |[[Stasion Nganjuk|Nganjuk]] |22.03 |22.06 |[[Stasion Pasuruan|Pasuruan]] |16.37 |16.43 |- |[[Stasion Kertosono|Kertosono]] |22.26 |22.30 |[[Stasion Bangil|Bangil]] |17.01 |17.07 |- |[[Stasion Jombang|Jombang]] |22.46 |22.49 |[[Stasion Sidoarjo|Sidoarjo]] |17.32 |17.35 |- |[[Stasion Mojokerto|Mojokerto]] |23.12 |23.18 |[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|'''Surabaya Gubeng''']] |18.00 |18.35 |- |[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|'''Surabaya Gubeng''']] |23.54 |00.25 |[[Stasion Mojokerto|Mojokerto]] |19.12 |19.15 |- |[[Stasion Sidoarjo|Sidoarjo]] |00.48 |00.51 |[[Stasion Jombang|Jombang]] |19.37 |19.41 |- |[[Stasion Bangil|Bangil]] |01.15 |01.18 |[[Stasion Kertosono|Kertosono]] |19.57 |20.20 |- |[[Stasion Pasuruan|Pasuruan]] |01.35 |01.37 |[[Stasion Nganjuk|Nganjuk]] |20.39 |20.41 |- |[[Stasion Probolinggo|Probolinggo]] |02.23 |02.33 |[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]] |21.20 |21.33 |- |[[Stasion Klakah|Klakah]] |03.09 |03.11 |[[Stasion Ngawi|Ngawi]] |21.56 |21.58 |- |[[Stasion Tanggul|Tanggul]] |03.42 |03.44 |[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan]] |23.00 |23.08 |- |[[Stasion Rambipuji|Rambipuji]] |04.04 |04.06 |[[Stasion Klatén|Klatén]] |23.33 |23.35 |- |[[Stasion Jember|Jember]] |04.18 |04.28 |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] |23.59 |00.13 |- |[[Stasion Kalisat|Kalisat]] |04.47 |04.49 |[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] |01.05 |01.09 |- |[[Stasion Kalibaru|Kalibaru]] |05.37 |05.39 |[[Stasion Kebumén|Kebumén]] |01.45 |01.54 |- |[[Stasion Kalisetail|Kalisetail]] |05.57 |06.01 |[[Stasion Gombong|Gombong]] |02.12 |02.20 |- |[[Stasion Temuguruh|Temuguruh]] |06.11 |06.13 |[[Stasion Sumpiuh|Sumpiuh]] |02.36 |02.38 |- |[[Stasion Rogojampi|Rogojampi]] |06.25 |06.27 |[[Stasion Kroya|Kroya]] |02.50 |03.15 |- |[[Stasion Banyuwangi Kota|Banyuwangi Kota]] |06.39 |06.47 |[[Stasion Maos|Maos]] |03.29 |03.32 |- |[[Stasion Ketapang (Banyuwangi)|'''Ketapang''']] |07.00 | - |[[Stasion Cilacap|'''Cilacap''']] |03.57 | - |} == Insidén == Dina tanggal 5 Nopémber 2019 tabuh 21.52, karéta api Wijayakusuma jurusan [[Stasion Cilacap|Cilacap]] anjlok nalika badé asup [[Stasion Magétan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1268795/kereta-wijayakusuma-anjlok-di-magetan-pt-kai-usut-penyebab|title=Kereta Wijayakusuma Anjlok di Magetan, PT KAI Usut Penyebab|last=Widyastuti|first=Rr Ariyani Yakti|date=2019-11-06|website=Tempo|language=en|access-date=2019-11-06|accessdate=2020-03-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425120323/https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1268795/kereta-wijayakusuma-anjlok-di-magetan-pt-kai-usut-penyebab|archivedate=2023-04-25}}</ref> Euweuh korban jiwa jeung luka dina kajadian ieu, 13 karéta api sagala jurusan ngalami katerlambatan di sababaraha stasiun kusabab prosés évakuasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1149488/kereta-wijayakusuma-anjlok-perjalanan-13-ka-terlambat|title=Kereta Wijayakusuma anjlok, perjalanan 13 KA terlambat|last=antaranews.com|date=2019-11-06|website=Antara News|access-date=2019-11-06}}</ref> == Galéri == <gallery> File:K1 Wijayakusuma Exterior.jpg|Tampak luar karéta api Wijayakusuma kelas éksekutip File:Wijayakusuma K1 Interior.jpg|Tampak jero karéta api Wijayakusuma kelas éksekutip File:Wijayakusuma Premium Exterior.jpg|Tampak luar karéta api Wijayakusuma kelas ékonomi File:KA Wijayakusuma Premium Interior.jpg|Tampak jero karéta api Wijayakusuma kelas ékonomi File:Wijayakusuma decoupling SGU.jpg|Proses ngagantian lokomotip karéta api Wijyakusuma di [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng]] File:Wijayakusuma arrive BW.jpg|Karéta api Wijayakusuma tiba di [[Stasion Ketapang (Banyuwangi)|Stasion Ketapang]] File:Kereta api Wijayakusuma CP-BW.jpg|Karéta api Wijayakusuma di [[Stasion Yogyakarta]] </gallery> == Tingali ogé == [[Karéta api]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{id}} [https://kai.id/ Situs web resmi KAI dan jadwal kereta api tahun 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815051334/https://www.kai.id/ |date=2023-08-15 }} {{Daptar karéta api}} {{karéta-stub}} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] ikw1qjwnly7ojh6gkcp1i7jbs8xne9u Karéta Éksprés Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta 0 88366 729183 703721 2026-09-26T13:50:01Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail line | box_width = | name = Karéta Éksprés Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta | color = | image = Railink leaving BNI City Station.jpg | image_width = | caption = KRL seri EA203 ninggalkeun Stasion BNI City pikeun ganti arah di Stasion Manggarai. | type = Eksekutip | system = Karéta api bandara (''airport rail link'') | status = Beroperasi | locale = [[Daérah Operasi I Jakarta]] | start = [[Stasion Bandara Soekarno-Hatta]] | end = [[Stasion Sudirman Baru]]<br/>[[Stasion Bekasi]] | stations = 4 | routes = [[Stasion Bandara Soekarno-Hatta|Bandara Soekarno-Hatta]] <br> [[Stasion Sudirman Baru|Sudirman Baru]] <br> [[Stasion Bekasi|Bekasi]] | ridership = | routenumber = | linenumber = | open = 26 Desember 2017 | close = | reopen = | owner = [[PT Kereta Api Indonesia]]<br/>[[Railink|PT Railink]] | operator = [[Railink|PT Railink]]<br/>[[Daérah Operasi I Jakarta]] | character = | depot = Manggarai (MRI) | linelength = | tracklength = | notrack = | gauge = 1067 [[milimeter|mm]] | el = Ya | speed = 60-80 [[km/jam]] | elevation = | map = }} '''Karéta Éksprés Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta''' ([[Aksara Sunda Baku]]: {{sund|ᮊᮛᮦᮒ ᮆᮊ᮪ᮞ᮪ᮕᮢᮦᮞ᮪ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮛ ᮄᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮁᮔᮞᮤᮇᮔᮜ᮪ ᮞᮧᮈᮊᮁᮔᮧ-ᮠᮒ᮪ᮒ}}) nyaéta layanan karéta api éksprés anu dioperasikeun ku [[Railink]] ka [[Stasion Bandara Soekarno-Hatta|Stasion]] [[Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta]] minangka ''Airport Railink Station'', sarta [[Stasion Sudirman Baru]] jeung [[Stasion Bekasi]] minangka ''City Railink Station''.<ref name="tirto">https://tirto.id/kereta-bandara-soetta-beroperasi-26-desember-2017-tarif-rp30-ribu-cCiL</ref><ref name="bersat">{{cite news|url=http://www.beritasatu.com/megalopolis/497326-hari-ini-railink-uji-coba-operasi-ka-bandara-soekarnohatta.html|title=Hari Ini Railink Uji Coba Operasi KA Bekasi-Bandara Soetta|website=[[BeritaSatu.com]]|date=19 Juni 2018|accessdate=19 Juni 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722144030/https://www.beritasatu.com/megalopolis/497326-hari-ini-railink-uji-coba-operasi-ka-bandara-soekarnohatta.html|archive-date=2019-07-22}}</ref> Unggal lalampahan karéta éksprés ieu ngagunakeun rangkéan [[Karéta rél listrik|KRL]] [[Kereta rel listrik Airport Railink Services|seri EA 203]] anu ku [[PT INKA]] jeung [[Bombardier Transportation]]. == Ruteu lalampahan == * [[Stasion Bandara Soekarno-Hatta]] - [[Stasion Duri]] - [[Stasion Sudirman Baru]] - [[Stasion Manggarai]], mimiti dioperasikeun tanggal 26 Désémber 2017.<ref name="tirto"/> Panumpang ti bandara jeung nu ka rék ka bandara naék jeung turun di Sudirman Baru. Stasion Manggarai teu ngalayanan panumpang, pikeun langsir wungkul. * [[Stasion Bandara Soekarno-Hatta]] - [[Stasion Duri]] - [[Stasion Sudirman Baru]] - [[Stasion Manggarai]] - [[Stasion Bekasi]] - [[Stasion Tambun]], mimiti dioperasikeun tanggal 19 Juni 2018.<ref name="bersat"/> Panumpang ti bandara jeung nu rék ka bandara naik jeung turun di Sudirman Baru jeung Bekasi. Stasion Manggarai jeung Tambun ogé teu ngalayanan panumpang, pikeun langsir wungkul.<ref>https://www.re-digest.web.id/2018/06/ka-bandara-bekasi-resmi-beroperasi.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011054/https://www.re-digest.web.id/2018/06/ka-bandara-bekasi-resmi-beroperasi.html |date=2018-07-02 }}</ref> Ti tanggal 8 September 2019 tujuan ka Bekasi teu beropérasi deui.<ref>https://redigest.web.id/2019/09/ka-bandara-bekasi-berhenti-beroperasi-mulai-9-september/</ref> == Rarancang pangopérasian == * [[Stasion Bandara Soekarno-Hatta]] - [[Stasion Duri]] - [[Stasion Kampung Bandan]] - [[Stasion Jakarta Kota]]<ref>https://www.antaranews.com/berita/594633/stasiun-jakarta-kota-jadi-alternatif-keberangkatan-kereta-bandara-soekarno-hatta</ref> * [[Stasion Bandara Soekarno-Hatta]] - [[Stasion Duri]] - [[Stasion Sudirman Baru]] - [[Stasion Manggarai]] - [[Stasion Pasar Minggu]]<ref>https://m.republika.co.id/berita/ekonomi/korporasi/18/06/19/pakdur370-kereta-bandara-direncanakan-sampai-pasar-minggu{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Jadwal lalampahan == Jadwal leuwih lengkepna tinggali di [https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereta_Ekspres_Bandara_Internasional_Soekarno-Hatta Wikipédia basa Indonésia] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori: Karéta rél listrik|Airport Railink Services]] [[Kategori:Transportasi rel di Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] 6q3ev44pxlnzhjr5b3bcvhyfgshz67g Karéta api Argo Cheribon 0 91102 729170 666065 2026-09-26T13:03:34Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail line | name = Argo Cheribon | image = KA_Argo_Cheribon_melintas_langsung_Stasiun_Dawuan.jpg | caption = KA Argo Cheribon ngaliwat langsung [[Stasion Dawuan]] | locale = Daop 3 Cirebon | system = Karéta api éksprés | status = Beroperasi | class = Éksekutip Argo jeung Ékonomi AC Plus ''new image'' | stock = [[CC206]] | termini = [[Stasion Pemalang]]<br>[[Stasion Tegal]]<br>[[Stasion Cirebon]]<br>[[Stasion Gambir]] | character = Lintas datar | owner = [[Kereta Api Indonesia]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi III Cirebon]] (Operasional Regulér jeung Fakultatip)<br>[[Daérah Operasi IV Semarang]] (Operasional KA Tambahan ti Pemalang)<br>[[Daérah Operasi I Jakarta]] (Operasional Regulér jeung Rangkéan KA Gajayana) | gauge = 1.067 mm | elevation = | speed = 80-100 km/jam }} '''Karéta api Argo Cheribon''' (sacara teu resmi disebut Gocher, éta ogé bisa disebut Argo Cirebon) ([[Aksara Sunda Baku]]: {{sund|ᮊᮛᮦᮒ ᮃᮕᮤ ᮃᮁᮌᮧ ᮎ᮪ᮠᮨᮛᮤᮘᮧᮔ᮪}}; [[Cacarakan]]: {{jav|ꦯꦺꦥꦸꦂ​ꦄꦂꦒ꧀​ꦖ꧀ꦲꦺꦫꦶꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀}}, ''Sepur Argo Cheribon'') nyaéta karéta api kelas Éksekutip Argo jeung Ékonomi AC Plus ''new image'' anu dijalankeun ku [[Kereta Api Indonesia|PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)]] [[Daérah Operasi III Cirebon]] anu mimiti dioperasikeun di tanggal [[16 Agustus]] [[2019]] ku Humas Daop 3 jeung Walikota Cirebon. Karéta ieu ngalayanan rute Tegal - Gambir sareng rute Cirebon - Gambir jeung sabalikna. Kiwari, ruteu karéta ieu geus dipanjangan ka [[Stasion Pemalang]] dina GAPEKA 2019. == Sajarah == Ngaran '''Argo''', sakumaha anu disebut dina kelas layanan ti PT KAI, mangrupa ''brand image'' tina kelas pangluhurna. Sedengkeun '''Cheribon''' sorangan asalna tina ngaran kota Cirebon anu kungsi dipaké ku Pamaréntah Hindia Walanda. Ngaran ieu sakali dipaké ku PT KAI dina salah sahiji séri karéta éksekutip Daop III, " ''d'Cheribon Express'' ". Layanan ieu mangrupikeun gabungan tina tilu jasa karéta Daop III anu miboga jasa rute ka Jakarta, nyaéta [[Karéta api Argo Jati|Argo Jati]] (Layanan KA ayeuna dioperasikeun ku [[Daérah Operasi I Jakarta]]), [[Karéta api Cirebon Éksprés|Cirebon Éksprés]], jeung [[Karéta api Tegal Bahari|Tegal Bahari]]. == Kontrovérsi == Panyatuan tilu ngajadi hiji layanan kalawan '''Argo Cheribon''' ieu dinilai geus meunang kontrovérsi di kalangan budayawan Cirebon. Di hiji sisi kalawan "ngabasajankeun" layanan-layanan ti baheula saperti Cirebon Éksprés, Argo Jati, atawa Cirebon Éksprés Tegal/Tegal Bahari, ''branding'' karéta api ieu dianggap kontrovérsial sabab ngusung ngaran ''Cheribon'', nyaéta ucapan Walanda pikeun daérah éta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kereta-api.info/ka-argo-cheribon-meluncur-jelang-hut-ri-9405.htm|title=Rebranding, PT KAI Luncurkan KA Argo Cheribon Jelang HUT RI – Info Kereta Api|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-08-12|accessdate=2019-08-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415190306/https://kereta-api.info/ka-argo-cheribon-meluncur-jelang-hut-ri-9405.htm|archivedate=2023-04-15}}</ref> Ngaran karéta api ieu dianggap "ngacidrakeun" kaarifan lokal; Kaasup ayana [[Céri|buah céri]] pikeun logo promosi Argo Cheribon (GoCher) versi Daop III Cirebon. '''(Céri euweuh hubunganna jeung Cirebon)''' Pikeun aranjeunna, ngaran Argo Cheribon dianggap "teu ngabogaan korélasi naon dina basa, budaya, jeung inteléktualitas rahayat Cirebon". Bahkan, manéhna yakinkeun lamun saupama karéta api ieu ngalibatkeun budayawan Cirebon, teu mungkin ngaran Cheribon dipaké; ngaran ieu siga promosi Cirebon Éksprés dina taun 2015 nganranna nyaéta ''d'Cheribon Express'' anu ngaranna di-Indonesiakeun deui jeung ngaran Cirebon Éksprés.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radarcirebon.com/polemik-argo-cheribon-pt-kai-tak-bergeming-single-service-gocher-tetap-lanjut.html|title=Polemik Argo Cheribon, PT KAI Tak Bergeming, Single Service Gocher Tetap Lanjut|date=2019-08-10|website=radarcirebon.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-08-12|accessdate=2019-08-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810054711/https://www.radarcirebon.com/polemik-argo-cheribon-pt-kai-tak-bergeming-single-service-gocher-tetap-lanjut.html|archivedate=2019-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radarcirebon.com/penolakan-atas-penamaan-baru-ka-argojati-kurang-sensitif-dan-kemunduran.html|title=Penolakan atas Penamaan Baru KA Argojati, Kurang Sensitif dan Kemunduran|date=2019-08-09|website=radarcirebon.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-08-12|accessdate=2019-08-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812111446/https://www.radarcirebon.com/penolakan-atas-penamaan-baru-ka-argojati-kurang-sensitif-dan-kemunduran.html|archivedate=2019-08-12}}</ref> Tapi, di situs resmi KAI, iklan résmi Argo Cheribon teu ngusung logo promosi éta, tapi motif [[batik Megamendung]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://penumpang.kai.id/promo?id=175|title=Promo|website=penumpang.kai.id|access-date=2019-08-12}}</ref> == Staformasi == '''Berikut ieu nyaéta rangkéan KA Argo Cheribon''' * 1 Lokomotip CC 206 (Dipo Induk CN) * 1 Karéta Pembangkit (P CN) (P 2017 CN) * 5 Karéta Eksekutip (K1 2017 CN) (K1 2016 CN) * 1 Karéta Makan (M1 2017 CN) (M1 2016 CN) (M1 CN) * 4 Karéta Ékonomi AC Plus New Image (K3 2016 CN) '''Katerangan:''' * Stanformasi ieu '''bisa dirobah sawaktu-waktu''' nuturkeun minat pasar, kasadiaan sarana, jeung hal linanna *Rangkéan Karéta éta maké rangkéan karéta api Kelas éksékutip K1 2017 (12 gerbong ti [[Karéta api Argo Lawu|Argo Lawu Fakultatif]] geus kaasup karéta makan + karéta pembangkit) jeung K1 2016 (2 gerbong ti [[Karéta api Sembrani|KA Sembrani]]) urut ti Dipo Karéta Jakarta Kota (JAKK) nu bade dimutasi ka Dipo Karéta Cirebon (CN) sedangkeun Karéta api Kelas ékonomi New Image K3 2016 urut ti Bandung (BD) anu rék dimutasi Ka Dipo Karéta Cirebon (CN) anu bakal digunakeun pikeun nyumponan rangkéan karéta api Argo Cheribon (K1 2016/2017 aya 20 Gerbong) (K3 2016 aya 16 Gerbong + 4 Gerbong Cadangan). * Rangkéan Karéta api éksékutif K1 2010 ti Dipo Karéta Cirebon (CN) (K1 0 10 01 - K1 0 10 06) geus dimutasi ka Jakarta Kota (JAKK) pikeun nyumponan rangkéan anu ngabutuhkeun saperti [[Karéta api Gumarang|KA Gumarang]] atawa KA Argo Lawu/Dwipangga Fakultatif. * Rangkéan Karéta api Éksékutif K1 2018 Dipo Induk Cirebon (CN) anu dipiboga ku KA Argo Jati (K1 0 18 123 - K1 0 18 132) geus dimutasi ka Dipo Karéta Solo (SLO) pikeun digunakeun ku rangkéan [[Karéta api Argo Lawu|KA Argo Lawu]] atawa [[Karéta api Argo Dwipangga|Argo Dwipangga]]. == Jadwal lalampahan == Ieu jadwal lalampahan KA Argo Cheribon ''' per 1 Désémber 2019 (dumasar Gapeka 2019)''' {| class="wikitable" ! colspan=19|Argo Cheribon (Pemalang/Tegal-Cirebon-Gambir) |- ! rowspan=2|Stasion !! colspan="2" |KA 15 !! colspan=2|KA 17 !! colspan=2|KA 19 !! colspan=2|KA 21 !! colspan=2|KA 23 !! colspan=2|KA 25 !! colspan=2|KA 27 !! colspan=2|KA 29 !! colspan=2|KA 33 |- ! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit |- |[[Stasion Pemalang|Pemalang]] || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || 06.35 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - |- |[[Stasion Tegal|Tegal]] || - || - || - || 15.30 || - || - || - || 17.00 || 06.59 || 07.05 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - |- |[[Stasion Brebes|Brebes]] || - || - || 15.42 || 15.44 || - || - || 17.12 || 17.14 || 07.17 || 07.19 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - |- |[[Stasion Losari|Losari]] || - || - || 16.06 || 16.08 || - || - || Ls || Ls || 07.46 || 07.48 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - |- |[[Stasion Babakan|Babakan]] || - || - || Ls || Ls || - || - || 17.47 || 17.50 || Ls || Ls || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - |- |[[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon]] || - || 06.15 || 16.37 || 16.47 || - || 07.25 || 18.14 || 18.30 || 08.21 || 08.35 || - || 17.30 || - || 14.15 || - || 22.00 || - || 11.05 |- |[[Stasion Arjawinangun|Arjawinangun]] || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || 07.40 || 07.42 || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls |- |[[Stasion Jatibarang|Jatibarang]] || 06.45 || 06.49 || 17.18 || 17.20 || 08.00 || 08.02 || 19.02 || 19.04 || 09.05 || 09.07 || 18.01 || 18.03 || 14.46 || 14.48 || 22.32 || 22.34 || 11.36 || 11.38 |- |[[Stasion Haurgeulis|Haurgeulis]] || 07.22 || 07.24 || 17.51 || 17.53 || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || 09.42 || 09.44 || 18.34 || 18.36 || Ls || Ls || 23.05 || 23.07 || Ls || Ls |- |[[Stasion Pegadén Baru|Pegadén Baru]] || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || 08.44 || 08.46 || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls |- |[[Stasion Cikampék|Cikampék]] || 08.06 || 08.08 || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls |- |[[Stasion Bekasi|Bekasi]] || 08.55 || 08.57 || 19.20 || 19.22 || 10.04 || 10.06 || 21.02 || 21.04 || 11.09 || 11.11 || 20.05 || 20.07 || 16.46 || 16.48 || 00.35 || 00.37 || Ls || Ls |- |[[Stasion Jatinegara|Jatinegara]] || 09.16 || 09.18 || 19.41 || 19.43 || 10.25 || 10.27 || 21.24 || 21.26 || 11.27 || 11.29 || 20.26 || 20.28 || 17.06 || 17.08 || 00.55 || 00.57 || 13.49 || 13.51 |- |[[Stasion Gambir|Gambir]] || 09.34 || - || 19.59 || - || 10.43 || - || 21.41 || - || 11.45 || - || 20.44 || - || 17.24 || - || 01.13 || - || 14.05 || - |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan=21|Argo Cheribon (Gambir-Cirebon-Tegal/Pemalang) |- ! rowspan=2|Stasion !! colspan="2" |KA 16 !! colspan=2|KA 18 !! colspan=2|KA 20 !! colspan=2|KA 22 !! colspan=2|KA 24 !! colspan=2|KA 26 !! colspan=2|KA 28 !! colspan=2|KA 30 !! colspan=2|KA 32 !! colspan=2|KA 34 |- ! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit !! Nepi !! Indit |- |[[Stasion Gambir|Gambir]] || - || 10.00 || - || 20.40 || - || 11.10 || - || 22.30 || - || 12.20 || - || 21.10 || - || 06.05 || - || 18.10 || - || - || - ||07.30 |- |[[Stasion Bekasi|Bekasi]] || 10.31 || 10.33 || 21.11 || 21.13 || 11.43 || 11.45 || 23.03 || 23.05 || 12.51 || 12.53 || 21.40 || 21.42 || 06.35 || 06.37 || 18.42 || 18.44 || - || - || Ls || Ls |- |[[Stasion Cikampék|Cikampék]] || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || 23.52 || 23.54 || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || - || - || Ls || Ls |- |[[Stasion Haurgeulis|Haurgeulis]] || 12.00 || 12.02 || Ls || Ls || 13.12 || 13.14 || 00.35 || 00.37 || 14.19 || 14.21 || 23.08 || 23.10 || 08.07 || 08.09 || Ls || Ls || - || - || Ls || Ls |- |[[Stasion Terisi|Terisi]] || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || 13.32 || 13.34 || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || - || - || Ls || Ls |- |[[Stasion Jatibarang|Jatibarang]] || 12.32 || 12.34 || 23.07 || 23.09 || 13.49 || 13.51 || 01.09 || 01.11 || 14.53 || 14.55 || 23.41 || 23.43 || 08.41 || 08.43 || 20.37 || 20.39 || - || - || 09.54 || 09.56 |- |[[Stasion Arjawinangun|Arjawinangun]] || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || 15.13 || 15.15 || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || Ls || - || - || Ls || Ls |- |[[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon]] || 13.05 || 13.17 || 23.40 || - || 14.24 || 14.45 || 01.42 || - || 15.32 || - || 00.15 || 00.25 || 09.15 || - || 21.11 || - || - || - || 10.30 || - |- |[[Stasion Babakan|Babakan]] || 13.40 || 13.42 || - || - || 15.08 || 15.10 || - || - || - || - || 00.48 || 00.50 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - |- |[[Stasion Losari|Losari]] || 13.52 || 13.54 || - || - || 15.20 || 15.22 || - || - || - || - || 01.00 || 01.02 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - |- |[[Stasion Tanjung|Tanjung]] || 14.03 || 14.05 || - || - || 15.30 || 15.32 || - || - || - || - || 01.10 || 01.12 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - |- |[[Stasion Brebes|Brebes]] || 14.23 || 14.25 || - || - || 15.49 || 15.51 || - || - || - || - || 01.30 || 10.32 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - |- |[[Stasion Tegal|Tegal]] || 14.38 || - || - || - || 16.04 || - || - || - || - || - || 01.45 || - || - || - || - || - || - || 05.20 || - || - |- |[[Stasion Pemalang|Pemalang]] || - || - || - || - || || || - || - || - || - || || || - || - || - || - || 05.45 || - || - || - |} == Tingali ogé == [[Karéta Api]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Id}} [https://www.kereta-api.com/ Situs resmi PT Kereta Api Indonesia] {{Karéta-stub}} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] lzc9zlu0vjw20a6letd2vqigl3c8h6w Yayan Ruhian 0 98298 729355 712246 2026-09-27T02:34:29Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person|name=Yayan Ruhian|image=|caption=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1968|10|19}}|birth_place=[[Tasikmalaya]], [[Jawa Barat]], [[Indonesia]]|nationality=[[Indonesia]]|occupation= [[Artis]], [[Seni bela diri]]|spouse={{Marriage|Wawa Suwartini|1997}}<ref name="TB family">{{cite web|url=https://www.tabloidbintang.com/berita/polah/read/74779/cerita-yayan-ruhian-ldr-dengan-istri-dan-anak-anaknya|title=Cerita Yayan Ruhian LDR dengan Istri dan Anak - Anaknya|trans-title=Yayan Ruhian's LDR stories with his wife and children|website=Tabloid Bintang|language=Indonesian|first=Yohanes Adi|last=Pamungkas|date=11 August 2017|accessdate=12 January 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404142939/https://www.tabloidbintang.com/berita/polah/read/74779/cerita-yayan-ruhian-ldr-dengan-istri-dan-anak-anaknya |date=4 April 2023 }}</ref>|children=3|relatives=}}'''Yayan Ruhian''' (weton 19 Oktober 1968) nyaéta saurang ahli seni bela diri Indonesia jeung béntang filem nu kawentar jadi pameran pangrojong dina filem-filem Gareth Evans, ''The Raid'' (2011) salaku Mad Dog, ''The Raid 2'' (2014) salaku Prakoso, ''Star Wars: The Force Awakens'' (2015) salaku Tasu Leech,<ref name="Mad Dog humble">{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/07/10/yayan-mad-dog-ruhian-the-gentle-humble-warrior-tasikmalaya.html|title=Yayan "Mad Dog" Ruhian, The gentle & humble warrior from Tasikmalaya|last=Tampubolon|first=Hans David|website=[[The Jakarta Post]]|accessdate=12 January 2018|date=10 July 2015}}</ref> jeung ''Beyond Skyline'' (2017) salaku kapala pulisi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coconuts.co/jakarta/lifestyle/raid-stars-iko-uwais-and-yayan-ruhian-look-totally-badass-beyond-skyline/|title='Raid' stars Iko Uwais and Yayan Ruhian look totally badass in 'Beyond Skyline'|website=[[Coconuts Media|Coconuts.co]]|accessdate=12 January 2018|date=25 February 2016}}</ref> == Kahirupan jeung Karir == Yayan Ruhian lahir di [[Tasikmalaya]], [[Jawa Barat]], [[Indonesia]] dina tanggal 19 Oktober 1968, miharep pikeun "nunjukkeun kalalakianna", manéhna mimiti diajar seni béladiri tradisional [[penca silat]],<ref name="Nia Metro">Deviyana, Nia. "'Mad Dog' Hanya Bengis di Film" (dalam bahasa Indonesian). Metro TV. Diaksés 12 Séptémber 2014</ref> bari bapana ngalatih [[karaté]]. Yayan Ruhian guguru di nu éngkéna pijadieun ''Pencak Silat Tenaga Dasar'', nu antukna mah jadi palatih jeung wasit - najan ka hareupna manéhna nyadar yén hal éta téh bakal ngabalukarkeun manéhna teu meunang ngiluan pasanggiri.<ref name="Mad Dog humble2">{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/07/10/yayan-mad-dog-ruhian-the-gentle-humble-warrior-tasikmalaya.html|title=Yayan "Mad Dog" Ruhian, The gentle & humble warrior from Tasikmalaya|last=Tampubolon|first=Hans David|website=[[The Jakarta Post]]|publisher=|accessdate=12 Januari 2018|date=10 Juli 2015}}</ref> Dina pertengahan 2000 an, Yayan Ruhian geus ngajarkeun penca di nagara-nagara saperti Bélgia, Perancis jeung Walanda, jeung ogé diajar sababaraha téknik béladiri, saperti [[aikido]].<ref name="Mad Dog humble2"/><ref name="ReferenceA">Suhendra, Ichsan. "Sering Dijadikan "Meme Comic", Yayan Ruhian Mengaku Tak Tersinggung" (dalam bahasa Indonesian). Kompas. Diakses 12 Séptémber 2014</ref> Taun 2008, Yayan Ruhian dipénta ku [[Gareth Evans]] pikeun ngabantuan dina koréografi filmna, ''Merantau''. Manéhna gé diaudisi pikeun peran Eric, ka hareupna nyatakeun yén manéhna teu paduli rék kabawaan atawa heunteu, nu penting mah manéhna bisa digawé sahadé-hadéna. Manéhna hasil meunangkeun peran éta, tur ''Merantau'' dipedalkeun di taun 2009.<ref name="Nia Metro"/> Dina filem éta, karakterna téh mangrupa hiji tokoh antagonis lemét nu jago béladiri, nu mampu nguntupan musuh nu kaitung leuwih gedé.<ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912161333/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/03/yayan-ruhiyan-a-tough-guy-with-a-smile.html|archivedate=12 September 2014|accessdate=12 September 2014|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/03/yayan-ruhiyan-a-tough-guy-with-a-smile.html|last=Indrasafitri|first=Dian|date=3 February 2012|ref=harv|title=Yayan Ruhiyan: A tough guy with a smile|work=[[The Jakarta Post]]}}</ref> Sanggeusna, Yayan kadatangan sababaraha jalma nu hayang dialajar silat, najan loba nu nyarebutna Eric gé.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Yayan Ruhian merankeun Mad Dog dina filem Evans taun 2011, ''The Raid'',<ref name="Nia Metro"/> sarta nyepeng koréografina bareng jeung pamaén séjén, [[Iko Uwais]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Evans ngagambarkeun karakterna téh minangka "hiji jalma psikopat nu geus moal cageur, tiis, tégaan, hingga mun nalika manéhna maéhan hiji jalma, manéhna hayang ngararasakeun", nu matak manéhna leuwih milih maké leungeun daripada némbak.<ref>Murphy, Mekado. "Behind the Action of 'The Raid: Redemption'". The New York Times. Diakses 12 Séptémber 2014</ref> Manohla Dargis ti ''The'' ''New York Times'' ngagambarkeun karakter éta téh minangka karakter nu nanjung dina filem, "hiji pidangan waruga nu mingpin".<ref>Dargis, Manohla. "Bad Guys Upstairs, Gore Down the Hall". The New York Times. Diakses 12 Séptembér 2014</ref> Sanggeus pamidanganna, rupa Yayan Ruhian jeung éksprési gereget (nu digunakeun ku karakterna) jadi makro gambar nu ''memetic'' dina intérnét. Dina hiji wawancara taun 2014, Yayan Ruhian nyatakeun yén dirina teu kabeuratan ku lobana [[Meme Internét|''meme'']] éta, lantaran, individu-individu nu ngirimna tangtuna moal bisa nyieun gambar-gambar éta mun heunteu lalajo filemna.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Majalah ''Tempo'' ngawartakeun dina bulan Juni 2012 yén Yayan Ruhian jeung Iko Uwais mariang ka [[Hollywood]] pikeun nyepeng koréografi hiji jieunan ulang filem éta di [[Amérika Sarikat|Amérika]].<ref>Triyono, Heru. "Kang Yayan Ruhian Menuju Hollywood". Tempo. Diaksés 12 Séptémber 2014</ref> Pedaran Gareth Evans taun 2014, ''The Raid 2'', mintonkeun Yayan Ruhian minangka Prakoso, hiji juru paténi jeung jalma kapercayaan kingpin mafia Bangun ([[Tio Pakusadéwo]]).<ref name="Nia Metro"/><ref name=":0">Arditya, Andreas D. (23 Maret 2014). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110150543/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/03/23/the-raid-2-berandal-convolution-and-carnage.html |date=2019-11-10 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912163205/http://www.webcitation.org/6SX58U6jZ |date=2014-09-12 }}. The Jakarta Post. Diarsipkeun tina [https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/03/23/the-raid-2-berandal-convolution-and-carnage.html nu asli] tanggal 12 Séptémber 2014. Diaksés 12 Séptémber 2014.</ref> Nyadar yén Yayan Ruhian geus dipikawanoh minangka Mad Dog, Gareth Evans nekenkeun Prakoso salaku hiji karakter anyar: hiji bapa jeung salaki nu gagal, umur 60, nu najan kitu tetep mangrupa pagawé nu satia.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Sarua jeung filem saacanna, Yayan Ruhian gawé babarengan jeung Iko Uwais dina koréografina.<ref name=":0" /> Charlotte O'Sullivan ti ''the'' ''London Evening Standard'' nyebutkeun peran Yayan Ruhian jadi Prakoso minangka "pinunjul", nuliskeun yén "nalika awakna mimiti ngalayang ka luhur, anjeun ngarasa saolah-olah keur maca carita hirupna".<ref>O'Sullivan, Charlotte (11 April 2014). "{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912163749/http://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/film/the-raid-2--film-review-9253421.html |date=2014-09-12 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112120515/http://www.webcitation.org/6SX84E0ll |date=2017-11-12 }}". London Evening Standard. Diarsipkeun tina nu asli tanggal [https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/film/the-raid-2--film-review-9253421.html 12 Séptémber 2014]. Diaksés12 Séptémber 2014.</ref> Dina patengahan 2014, dibéwarakeun yén Yayan Ruhian bakal minton dina filem [[Takashi Miike]], ''Yakuza Apocalypse: The Great War of the Underworld'', maén bareng Hayato Ichihara. Dina filem ieu, nu ditulis ku Yoshitaka Yamaguchi, hiji anggota [[Yakuza]] kajiret dina intrik intérnasional sabada manéhna manggihan yén dununganna téh saurang vampir.<ref>Alpito, Agustinus Shindu (14 May 2014). "{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912164131/http://showbiz.metrotvnews.com/read/2014/05/14/241900/yayan-ruhian-akan-main-film-vampir-yakuza |date=2014-09-12 }}". Metro TV. Diarsipkeun tina nu asli tanggal [http://showbiz.metrotvnews.com/read/2014/05/14/241900/yayan-ruhian-akan-main-film-vampir-yakuza 12 Séptémber 2014]. Diaksés12 Séptémber 2014.</ref> Dina Désémber 2014 diwartakeun Yayan Ruhian bakal maén di sékuél éksyén Indonésia ''Comic 8: Casino Kings<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bintang.com/celeb/read/2251005/babe-cabita-duel-lawan-yayan-ruhian-di-comic-8-casino-kings|title=Babe Cabita Duel Lawan Yayan Ruhian di 'Comic 8: Casino Kings'|last=Hens|first=Henry|work=Bintang.com|language=Indonesian|trans-title=Babe Cabita does duel against Yayan Ruhian at 'Comic 8: Casino Kings'|accessdate=12 January 2018|date=15 June 2015}}</ref>'' sarta bakal ngilu maén di filem éksyén horor Takashi Miike ''Yakuza Apocalypse: The Great War of the Underworld.<ref>England, Norman (17 Maret 2015). "[http://www.fangoria.com/new/exclusive-set-photos-poster-synopsis-takashi-miikes-yakuza-apocalypse/ Exclusive set photos, poster, synopsis: Takashi Miike's "Yakuza Apocalypse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113035552/http://www.fangoria.com/new/exclusive-set-photos-poster-synopsis-takashi-miikes-yakuza-apocalypse/ |date=2018-01-13 }}"". Fangoria. Diakses tanggal 12 Januari 2018.</ref>'' Yayan Ruhian maén dina ''Star Wars: The Force Awakens'' (2015) salaku Tasu Leech, baréng jeung pamaén séjén ti ''The Raid'' jeung ''The Raid 2'', [[Iko Uwais]] jeung [[Cecep Arif Rahman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://screenanarchy.com/2015/01/the-raid-trio-to-appear-in-star-wars-episode-7---the-force-awakens.html|title='The Raid' Trio to Appear in 'Star Wars: Episode 7 - The Force Awakens'|last=Brown|first=Todd|work=[[Screen Anarchy]]|accessdate=12 January 2018|date=5 January 2015}}</ref> Dina taun 2019, Yayan Ruhian maén dina ''John Wick: Chapter 3 - Parabellum'' minangka Shinobi #2, salah sahiji murid Zero, bareng jeung Cecep Arif Rahman minangka Shinobi #1. === Kahirupan pribadi === Yayan Ruhian lancar dina ngomong [[Basa Sunda|Sunda]], sarta bisa sautak saeutik ngomong bahasa Inggris wangkongan. Nepi ka taun 2017, Yayan Ruhian geus boga tilu anak nu caricing jeung pamajikanna di [[Tasikmalaya]]; ku alatan pagawéan, Yayan Ruhian kudu cicing di [[Jakarta]].<ref name="Nia Metro" /> Kajaba ti akting, Yayan Ruhian ngajarkeun [[pencak silat]].<ref name="Nia Metro" /><ref>Affan, Heyder; Franciska, Christine (11 Nopémber 2015). "[http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah/2015/11/151110_bincang_yayanruhian Yayan Ruhian dan filosofi pencak silat]". BBC Indonesia. Diaksés tanggal12 Januari 2018.</ref> == Gaya == Dina layar, Yayan Ruhian remen merankeun peran-peran antagonis, ngagambarkeun karakter-karakter nu saeutik ngomong tapi boga katahanan, stamina jeung kamampuan gelut nu hadé.<ref name="Nia Metro" /> == Filmography == === Filem === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Taun !Judul !Peran !Sutradar !Catetan |- |2009 |''Merantau'' <br /><br /><small>(''Wander'')</small> |Eric |Gareth Evans |Munggaran gawé bareng rejeng Iko Uwais sarta Gareth Evans |- |2011 |''The Raid'' |Mad Dog |Gareth Evans |Kadua kalina gawé jeung Iko Uwais sarta Gareth Evans |- |2014 |''The Raid 2'' |Prakoso |Gareth Evans |Katilu kalina gawé jeung Iko Uwais sarta Gareth Evans, munggaran gawé barengCecep Arif Rahman |- | rowspan="4" |2015 |''[[:id:Gangster (film)|Gangster]]'' |Bang Jangkung |Fajar Nugros | |- |''Yakuza Apocalypse: The Great War Of The Underworld'' |Kyoken (狂犬) / Mad Dog |Takashi Miike |Filem Jepang munggaran |- |''Star Wars: The Force Awakens'' |Tasu Leech |J. J. Abrams |Peran Kaméo, munggaran filem Hollywood |- |''Comic 8: Casino Kings Part 1'' |''The Ghost'' |Anggy Umbara | |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |''Pre Vis Action'' |Assassin #1 |Gareth Evans |Filem pondok |- |''Comic 8: Casino Kings Part 2'' |''The Ghost'' |Anggy Umbara | |- |''[[:id:Iseng (film 2016)|Iseng]]'' <br /><br /><small>(''Reckless'')</small> |Edi |Adrian Tang | |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Beyond Skyline'' |''The Chief'' |Liam O'Donnell |Filem Hollywood kadua |- |''Satria Heroes : Revenge of Darkness'' |Master Torga |Kenzo Maihara, <br /><br />Arnandha Wyanto | |- |2018 |''212 Warrior'' |Mahesa Birawa |Angga Dwimas Sasongko |Salaku aktor jeung koréografi gelut |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |''John Wick: Chapter 3 - Parabellum'' |Shinobi #2 |Chad Stahelski | |- |''Hit and Run'' |Choki |Ody C. Harahap | |- |''Wira'' |Ifrit |Adrian Téh |Kaméo, pasca produksi |- |2020 |''Mat Kilau'' |Toga |Syamsul Yusof |Pasca produksi |- |} === Gim Vidio === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Taun !Judul !Peran !Sutradara !Catetan !Ref. |- |2016 |''Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens'' |Tasu Leech |Jamie Eden, <br /><br />Pete Gomer, <br /><br />Rob Hewson |Pangeusi sora | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5430544/fullcredits|title=Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2016 Video Game) – Full Cast & Crew|website=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=18 April 2018}}</ref> |} == Pangajén jeung nominasi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Taun !Organisasi !Pangajén !Karya !Hasil ! class="unsortable" |Ref. |- ! rowspan="2" |2010 |Pangajén Filem Indonésia |Aktor Anyar Panghadéna |''Merantau'' | Nominasi | align="center" |<ref name="IMA 2010">{{Cite web|url=http://www.21cineplex.com/m/slowmotion/indonesian-movie-awards-2010siap-digelar,1311.htm|title=Indonesian Movie Awards 2010 : Siap Digelar|website=[[21 Cineplex]]|language=Indonesian|trans-title=2010 Indonesian Movie Awards: Ready to be held|accessdate=17 January 2018}}</ref> |- |Pangajén Filem Indonésia |Aktor Anyar Nu pohara dipikaresep |''Merantau'' | Nominasi | align="center" | |- !2013 |Pangajén Filem Indonésia |Aktor Pangrojong Panghadéna |''The Raid'' |Nominasi | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/376988/daftar-lengkap-pemenang-indonesian-movie-awards-2013|title=Daftar lengkap Pemenang Indonesian Movie Awards 2013|last=Kurmala|first=Azis|website=[[Antara (news agency)|Antara News]]|language=Indonesian|trans-title=List of the winners of the 2013 Indonesian Movie Awards|accessdate=16 January 2018}}</ref> |- !2016 |''Infotainment Awards'' |Sélébriti Indonésia nu Ngahontal Dunia |Yayan Ruhian |Nominasi | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/indonesia/119932-daftar-lengkap-pemenang-infotainment-awards|title=Daftar lengkap pemenang Infotainment Awards 2016|website=[[Rappler]]|language=Indonesian|trans-title=Complete list of the winners of the 2016 Infotainment Awards|accessdate=16 January 2018}}</ref> |- !2016 |''Berlin International Filmmaker Festival of World Cinema'' |Aktor Utama Filem Bahasa Deungeun Panghadéna |''[[:id:Iseng (film 2016)|Iseng]]'' |Nominasi | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/film/indonesia/film-iseng-yayan-ruhian-dapat-4-nominasi-di-ajang-film-manca-05ecd9.html|title=Film 'ISENG' Yayan Ruhian Dapat 4 Nominasi di Ajang Film Mancanegara|last=Safitri|first=Rahmi|website=KapanLagi.com|language=Indonesian|trans-title=Yayan Ruhian's film 'Iseng' got 4 nominations at the Worldwide Film Event|accessdate=16 January 2018}}</ref> |} == Réferénsi == [[Kategori:Inohong Sunda]] [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1968]] 6ka353cqf7h3mp4hc6fky7h6ut1xgot Kabupatén Tulang Bawang 0 98504 729095 655532 2026-09-26T12:11:36Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2 Indonesia | nama =Kabupaten Tulang Bawang | provinsi =[[Lampung]] | ibukota =[[Menggala, Tulang Bawang|Kota Menggala]] | luas =3466.32 | penduduk = 429515 | penduduktahun=([[2015]])<ref>https://tulangbawangkab.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/Kabupaten-Tulang-Bawang-dalam-Angka-2016.pdf{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | kepadatan = | kecamatan =16 | kelurahan =4 | desa=147 | kodearea =0726 | motto ='''Sai Bumi Nengah Nyappur'''<br> ([[Bahasa Lampung]]: Satu Tanah, Ramah Bergaul) | lambang =[[file:Lambang Kabupaten Tulang Bawang.gif|200px|Lambang Kabupaten Tulang Bawang]] | peta =[[Berkas:Lokasi Lampung Kabupaten Tulang Bawang.svg|250px]] | koordinat = | dau = Rp 614.655.240.000.- | dauref = (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/RINCIAN-ALOKASI-DAU-MURNI-TA-2017-UPLOAD.pdf|title=Rincian Alokasi DAU Murni T.A. 2017|accessdate=2019-11-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826205235/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/RINCIAN-ALOKASI-DAU-MURNI-TA-2017-UPLOAD.pdf|archivedate=2018-08-26}}</ref> | web =http://www.tulangbawangkab.go.id/ | dasar hukum = UU Republik Indonesia No. 2 Tahun 1997 | tanggal = 20 Maret 1997 | kepala daerah =[[Bupati]] | nama kepala daerah = [[Winarti]] | wakil kepala daerah= Wakil [[Bupati]] | nama wakil kepala daerah= Hendriwansyah }} Kabupatén [[Kabupatén Tulang Bawang|Tulang Bawang]] diadegkeun tanggal 20 Maret 1997, mangrupa salah sahji kabupatén Propinsi [[Lampung]], [[Indonésia]] nu miboga puseur dayeuh nyaéta Kota [[Menggala Kota, Menggala, Tulang Bawang|Menggala]]. Dina wanci harita Kabupatén Tulang Bawang mangrupa wilayah panggedéna nyaéta 22% ti wilayah Propinsi Lampung, Indonésia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://tulangbawangkab.go.id/informasi/selayang-pandang|title=Selayang Pandang {{!}} Website Kabupaten Tulang Bawang|last=Bawang|first=Diskominfo Tulang|website=tulangbawangkab.go.id|language=en|accessdate=2019-11-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228042840/http://tulangbawangkab.go.id/informasi/selayang-pandang|archivedate=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Profil Singget == Kulantaran sadar yén gedéna tantangan dina upaya percepatan pangwangunan Kabupatén Tulang Bawang, dina taun [[2008]] pamaréntah jeung masarakat sapuk pikeun ngamekarkeun jadi 3 wilayah daérah [[otonom]] nu anyar didasaran ku Undang Undang Nomor : 49 Tahun 2008 ngeunaan dibentukna daérah otonomi Kabupatén [[Mesuji, Mesuji|Mesuji]] jeung Undang Undang Nomor : 50 Tahun 2008 ngeunaan dibentukna daérah otonom Kabupatén Tulang Bawang Barat.<ref name=":0" /> Sanggeus wilayah ieu dimekarkeun, wanci kiwari Kabupatéen Tulang Bawang nu miboga lega ± 4.385,84 Km persegi nu kasebar di 15 wilayah pamaréntahan kacamatan, 4 kalurahan jeung 148 kampung.<ref name=":0" /> Sanajan wilayah ieu geus dimekarkeun, Kabupatén Tulang Bawang miboga ragam poténsi sumber daya jeung karagaman budaya nu poténsial pikeun dimekarkeun deui supaya bisa ngamajukeun kasajahteraan masarakat.<ref name=":0" /> Kabupatén Tulang Bawang jarakna 120 Km ti puseur dayeuh Propinsi Lampung, Bandar Lampung. Sedengkan ti [[Jakarta]] ku transportasi udara ± 45 menit ti [[Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta|Bandara Soekarno Hatta]] ka [[Bandara Raden Intan II]] (Branti) dituluykeun ku 2 jam jalan darat ka kota Menggala Kabupatén Tulang Bawang. Pikeun nu maké transportasi darat jarakna ti Jakarta ka Menggala bisa ± 8 jam ngaléwatan [[Bakauheni|Palabuan Laut Merak Bakauheni]].<ref name=":0" /> == Géografis == * Kabupaten Tulang Bawang dengan puseur dayeuh Menggala, miboga jarak kurang leuwih 120 km ti puseur dayeuh propinsi<ref name=":0" /> * Batas-batas wilayah Kabupatén nyaéta ieu di handap:<ref name=":0" /> ** Beulah Kalér : Kabupatén Mesuji ** Beulah Kidul: Kabupatén [[Kabupatén Lampung Tengah|Lampung Tengah]] ** Beulah Wétan: Laut Jawa ** Beulah Kulon: [[Kabupatén Tulang Bawang Kulon]] == Topografi == Sarcara topografi daérah Tulang Bawang dibagi ku 4 bagéan:<ref name=":0" /> * Daérah daratan, ieu magrupakeun daérah panglegana nu dimangpaatkeun pikeun tatanén. * Daérah [[ranca]], aya di sapanjang Basisir Wétan nu miboga tingkat kaluhuran 0-1 m, nu mangrupa daérah ranca pasang surut. * Daérah ''River Basin'', miboga dua ''River Basin'' nu utama nyaéta ''River Basin'' Tulang Bawang, jeung ''River Basin'' walungan-walungan leutik lianna. * Daérah ''Alluvial,'' nu ngawengku [[basisir]] beulah wétan nu mangrupa bagéan hilir (''down steem'' ti walungan-walungan gedé nya'eta Tulang Bawang, sarta Mesuji) dimangpaatkeun pikeun palabuan.<ref name=":0" /> == Iklim == '''Hujan''' Daérah Kabupatén Tulang Bawang miboga iklim [[tropis]], kalawan usum hujan jeung [[usum halodo]] silih ganti. suhu rata-rata 31° C. Curah hujan rata-rata 2.000 – 2.500 mm/taun.<ref name=":0" /> '''Angin''' Iklim '''Tropis Humod''' jeung angin laut lembab nu nebak ti Samudera Indonésia jeung Laut Jawa, ti arah Kulon jeung Kulon Laut lumangsung dina bulan Novémber - Maret. Salila bulan Juli - Agustus, angin nebak ti wétan jeung Tenggara. Gancangna angin rata-rata 5,83 km/jam.<ref name=":0" /> '''Taneuh''' sacara gurat badag Taneuh di Tulang Bawang dibagi 6, antarana [[Aluvial]], [[Regosol]], [[Andosol]], [[Podsolik]], [[Coklat]], [[Latosol]], jeung ''Padsolik Merah Kuning'' (PMK).<ref name=":0" /> '''Cai''' Salian sumber [[cai]] taneuh, sumber cai lianna nyaéta sumber cai mangrupa [[walungan]] jeung laut.<ref name=":0" /> '''Mineral''' Jinis [[mineral]] poténsial jeung stratégis di Tulang Bawang nyaéta:<ref name=":0" /> *'''Pasir Kuarsa''', aya disakitar Menggala jeung Gedung Meneng. *'''Minyak Bumi''', aya di lapisan Palémbang nu kakumpul salaku lanjutan ti endapan Minyak Bumi di daérah Palémbang; puseurna di sabudeureun Menggala. *'''Batu Bara''', dépositna aya di lapisan [[Sei Mencirim, Sunggal, Deli Serdang|sédimén]] formasi [[éndosit]], nyaéta bagéan [[Hulu Way Tulang Bawang]].<ref name=":0" /> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Propinsi di Indonésia]] ftlehbtbw27kfwygpeut68z1nynvwx5 Kabupatén Way Kanan 0 98507 729097 655533 2026-09-26T12:12:01Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729097 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kabupatén Way Kanan''' ieu kabupaten nyaéta salah sahiji ti lima welas kabupaten/kota nu aya di Propinsi [[Lampung]]. Ngagaduhan wilayah nu ageung legana 3.921,63 km atawa sarua jeung 11 persen ti jumlah kampung kolot nu aya di Kabupaten Way Kanan. Ditilik tina topograpina, Kabupaten Way Kanan dibagi kana dua bagean topograpis, nyaéta topograpis gunung dugi bukit, jeung DAS (daerah aliran sungai). Teu anéh lamun potensi ieu daerah aya dinu tatani. Lolobana mah walungan di ditu ngagolontor ti kulon ka wetan. Kaayaan ieu nu matak tatani potensial pisan jang ngawangun irigasi. Dumasar kana topograpi ngabogaan batas, Kaler - Propinsi Sumatra Selatan, Kidul - Kabupaten Lampung Utara, Kulon - Kabupaten Lampung, Wetan - Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.waykanankab.go.id/pages/selayang-pandang|title=Halaman - Selayang Pandang|last=Kanan|first=Diskominfo Way|website=Pemerintah Kabupaten Waykanan|language=Indonesia|accessdate=2019-11-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130223322/http://www.waykanankab.go.id/pages/selayang-pandang|archivedate=2019-11-30}}</ref> == Sajarah == Dimimitian ti taun 1957, basa éta pamingpina Wedana Way Kanan, Ratu Pangadilan. Diayakeun panglawungan nu kahiji jang ngabahas rencana pamarentah ti pusat nu butuh sekitar 100.000 hektar lahan nu rek dijieun transmigrasi. Kahartos ku pamarentah daerah sabab wayah kapungkur taun 50-an memang pamarentah Orde Baru boga program jang mindahkeun pangeusi ti Jawa ka Sumatra. Basa harita, aya tilu kawedanaan nu aya, nyaéta Kawedanaan Kotabumi, Kawedanaan Krui, jeung Kawedanaan Menggala teu ngadukung kana rencana pamarentah pusat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.waykanankab.go.id/pages/sejarah|title=Halaman - Sejarah|last=Kanan|first=Diskominfo Way|website=Pemerintah Kabupaten Waykanan|language=Indonesia|accessdate=2019-11-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203095815/http://www.waykanankab.go.id/pages/sejarah|archivedate=2019-12-03}}</ref> Tapi Kawedanaan Way Kanan narimakeun, éta ogé make sababaraha hiji pertimbangan ngarah engkena Way Kanan bisa gancang rame ku pangeusi. Basa éta kénéh, aya gagasan ti Hi. Ridwan Basyah salaku nu nyepeng notulis pas panglawungan harita. Eta gagasan eusina ngajadikeun Way Kanan kabupaten misah nyalira ti Kabupaten Lampung Kaler. Lajeng di taun 1971, kahayang ngajadikeun Way Kanan jadi kabupaten misah aya deui. Kusabab diayakeun panglawungan jeung para tokoh masyarakat, tokoh adat, jeung ilmuwan di rorompokna Hi. Ridwan Basyah di Tanjung Agung, Banda Lampung. Lima taun saanggeus panglawungan, atawa taun 1975, Bapa Nasrunsyah Gelar Sutan Mangkubumi, di Bumi Agung, Bahuga, ngalaksanakeun acara adat Bugawi. Oge masih ngondang tokoh-tokoh adat di sabudureun Way Kanan. Dina harita, diayakeun musyawarah nu memang husus pingpinan Hi. Ridwan Basyah, tujuana ngabahas Way Kanan jadi kabupaten nu tiasa ngadeg sorangan. Salian tina eta, aya usul kanggo Pamarentah Daerah di Kabupaten Lampung Kaler jeung Pamarentah Daerah ti Propinsi Lampung. Tepika taun 1986 Pamarentah Pusat ngabentuk Pembantu Bupati Lampung Kaler, Wilayah Blambangan Umpu make Surat Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri. Nomer: 821.26-502 tanggal 8 Juni 1985. Tina sajarah ieu tiasa nyaho rarangka ngadegkeun Kabupaten Way Kanan nyaéta perkara anu teu gampang. ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} [[category:kabupatén Way Kanan| ]] qx9yssw0hqaaj5tf7efuzo4zspadsvz Karéta api Sancaka Utara 0 98588 729180 666695 2026-09-26T13:39:35Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lain|Karéta api Sancaka}} {{Infobox rail line | name = Sancaka Utara | image = SancakaUtara.jpg | caption = Karéta api Sancaka Utara | logo = | locale = Daop 8 Surabaya | system = Karéta api antar kota | status = Beroperasi | open = 1 Désémber 2019 | close = | class = Éksekutip jeung bisnis | stock = CC201, CC203, CC206 | owner = [[Kereta Api Indonesia|PT Kereta Api Indonesia]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi VIII Surabaya]] | termini = [[Stasion Surabaya Pasarturi]]<br>[[Stasion Kutoarjo]] | character = lintas datar | gauge = 1.067 mm | el = | elevation = | stations = 15 | speed = 70-100 km/jam | routes = Surabaya Pasarturi-Bojonegoro-Gambringan-Solo Balapan-Kutoarjo }} '''Karéta api Sancaka Utara''' nyaéta karéta api kelas éksekutip-bisnis anu ngalayanan ruteu [[Stasion Surabaya Pasarturi|Surabaya Pasarturi]]–[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] liwat [[Stasion Bojonegoro|Bojonegoro]]–[[Stasion Gambringan|Gambringan]]–[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]]. Karéta api ieu dioperasikeun ku [[Daérah Operasi VIII Surabaya]]. Karéta ieu mangrupa karéta api munggaran anu ngalayanan ruteu Surabaya-Kutoarjo liwat Gambringan. Ngaran "Sancaka" dicokot tina ngaran oray sanca anu bisa tahan dina sagala kaayaan Karéta api ieu resmi dioperasikeun di tanggal [[1 Désémber]] [[2019]] di [[Stasion Surabaya Pasarturi]], ku Wakil Gubernur [[Jawa Wétan]], [[Émil Dardak]]. Dioperasikeunna KA ieu dipiharep bisa ngakomodir panumpang anu ti Bojonegoro jeung Lamongan ka Solo jeung Yogyakarta, atawa sabalikna tanpa transit heula.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beritajatim.com/peristiwa/pt-kereta-api-luncurkan-sancaka-utara-layani-bojonegoro-yogyakarta-pp/|title=PT Kereta Api Luncurkan Sancaka Utara Layani Bojonegoro-Yogyakarta PP|website=beritajatim.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-18}}</ref> Karéta api Sancaka Utara ngagunakeun [[jalur karéta api Gambringan-Gundih]], anu asalna tara dipaké pisan. Jalur éta ngan jadi jalur darurat sawaktu-waktu lamun jalur KA Gambringan-Brumbung jeung Gundih-Brumbung aya gangguan. Jalur ieu kungsi dipaké ku karéta barang migas ti [[Stasion Rewulu]] ka [[Stasion Cepu]] di taun [[2005]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarkudus.jawapos.com/read/2019/10/31/163848/14-tahun-tak-dipakai-jalur-ka-gambringan-gundih-kembali-difungsikan|title=14 Tahun Tak Dipakai, Jalur KA Gambringan-Gundih Kembali Difungsikan|last=JawaPos.com|date=2019-10-31|website=radarkudus.jawapos.com|language=id|access-date=2019-11-27|accessdate=2019-12-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213174835/https://radarkudus.jawapos.com/read/2019/10/31/163848/14-tahun-tak-dipakai-jalur-ka-gambringan-gundih-kembali-difungsikan|archivedate=2019-12-13}}</ref> == Spesifikasi karéta == {| class="wikitable" !Lintasan lalampahan |[[Stasion Surabaya Pasarturi|Surabaya Pasarturi]] - [[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] pp. |- !Lokomotip |[[CC201]], [[CC203]], [[Lokomotif CC206|CC206]] |- !Rangkéan |4 karéta kelas éksekutip (K1 KTA) + 1 karéta makan pembangkit (MP2 KTA) + 4 karéta kelas bisnis (K2 KTA) <small>'''Catetan''' : Susunan rangkéan ogé barobah unggalna</small> |- !Jumlah tempat diuk |456 tempat diuk |} == Jadwal karéta api == Ieu jadwal karéta api Sancaka Utara '''per 1 Désémber 2019 (dumasar Gapéka 2019).''' {| class="wikitable" !Stasion !Nepi !Indit |- ! colspan="3" |'''KA 165/168/169 Sancaka Utara (Surabaya Pasarturi-Kutoarjo)''' |- |[[Stasion Surabaya Pasarturi|Surabaya Pasarturi]] | - |07.00 |- |[[Stasion Lamongan|Lamongan]] |07.37 |07.40 |- |[[Stasion Babat|Babat]] |08.04 |08.07 |- |[[Stasion Bojonegoro|Bojonegoro]] |08.31 |08.40 |- |[[Stasion Cepu|Cepu]] |09.14 |09.17 |- |[[Randublatung, Blora|Randublatung]] |09.39 |09.42 |- |[[Stasion Kradenan|Kradenan]] |10.09 |10.12 |- |[[Stasion Gambringan|Gambringan]] |10.38 |10.43 |- |[[Stasion Gundih|Gundih]] |11.04 |11.07 |- |[[Salem, Brebes|Salém]] |11.31 |11.33 |- |[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan]] |11.54 |12.00 |- |[[Stasion Klatén|Klatén]] |12.28 |12.31 |- |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] |12.56 |13.14 |- |[[Stasion Wonosari|Watés]] |13.32 |13.35 |- |[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] |14.07 | - |- ! colspan="3" |'''KA 170/167/166 Sancaka Utara (Kutoarjo-Surabaya Pasarturi)''' |- |[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] | - |17.15 |- |[[Stasion Waruduwur|Watés]] |17.44 |17.47 |- |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] |18.15 |18.20 |- |[[Stasion Klatén|Klatén]] |18.47 |18.49 |- |[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan]] |19.15 |19.27 |- |[[Stasion Salém|Salém]] |19.50 |19.59 |- |[[Stasion Gundih|Gundih]] |20.26 |20.31 |- |[[Stasion Gambringan|Gambringan]] |20.52 |21.00 |- |[[Stasion Kradenan|Kradenan]] |21.25 |21.28 |- |[[Stasion Randublatung|Randublatung]] |21.55 |21.58 |- |[[Stasion Cepu|Cepu]] |22.21 |22.25 |- |[[Stasion Bojonegoro|Bojonegoro]] |22.47 |22.57 |- |[[Stasion Babat|Babat]] |23.27 |23.30 |- |[[Stasion Lamongan|Lamongan]] |23.54 |23.57 |- |[[Stasion Surabaya Pasarturi|Surabaya Pasarturi]] |00.35 | - |} == Tingali ogé == [[Karéta api]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{id}} [https://kai.id/ Loka Resmi PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815051334/https://www.kai.id/ |date=2023-08-15 }} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] 7e16gsn4ylgdez8k9zjdtxc2jiakw26 Kabupatén Pringséwu 0 98609 729080 655531 2026-09-26T12:04:59Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729080 wikitext text/x-wiki <br />{{Redirect|Pringsewu|kecamatan yang bernama sama|Pringsewu, Pringsewu}} {{dati2 Indonesia |nama = Kabupatén Pringséwu |foto = File:Lambang Kabupaten Pringsewu.png |caption = Landmark Pringsewu |lambang = [[File:Lambang Kabupaten Pringsewu.png|150px]] |peta = [[File:Lokasi Lampung Kabupaten Pringsewu.svg|250px]] |koordinat = 104°48'-105°08' BT dan 05°12'-33' LS |motto = '''Jejama Secancanan'''<br> ([[Bahasa Lampung]]: Bersama-Sama Saling Bergandeng Tangan) |semboyan = |propinsi = [[Lampung]] |ibukota = [[Pringsewu, Pringsewu|Pringsewu]] |luas = 625 |penduduk = 386891 |penduduktahun=([[2016]])<ref>{{cite book|first = BPS Kabupaten Pringsewu|title = Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Pringsewu 2016 |publisher = [[Badan Pusat Statistik|BPS Kabupaten Pringsewu]]|date = 2016-08-04 |pages = 1 }}</ref> |kepadatan = |kecamatan = 9 |kelurahan = 5 |desa = 126 |dasar hukum = UU RI Tahun 2008 Nomor 48 |tanggal = 29 Oktober 2008 |hari jadi = 3 April 2009<ref>[http://rapemdapringsewu.com/profile/sejarah-pringsewu/ Sejarah Pringsewu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726112526/http://rapemdapringsewu.com/profile/sejarah-pringsewu/ |date=2021-07-26 }}. Diakses 23 Juni 2014.</ref> |kepala daerah = Bupati |nama kepala daerah = H. [[Sujadi Saddat]] |wakil kepala daerah= Wakil Bupati |nama wakil kepala daerah= Dr. Hi. Fauzi |kodearea = 0729 |kodepos = |apbd = |dau = Rp 633.088.784.000,- |dauref = (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/RINCIAN-ALOKASI-DAU-MURNI-TA-2017-UPLOAD.pdf|title=Rincian Alokasi DAU Murni T.A. 2017|accessdate=2019-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826205235/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/RINCIAN-ALOKASI-DAU-MURNI-TA-2017-UPLOAD.pdf|archivedate=2018-08-26}}</ref> |suku bangsa = [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]], [[Suku Lampung|Lampung]], [[Suku Sunda|Sunda]] |bahasa = [[Bahasa Jawa|Jawa]], [[Bahasa Lampung|Lampung]], [[Bahasa Sunda|Jawa Barat]], [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]] |agama = Islam, kristen, katolik, kepercayaan |flora = |fauna = |zona waktu = WIB |bandar udara = |web = http://www.pringsewukab.go.id/ }} Pringséwu nyaéta salah sahiji kabupatén di Provinsi [[Lampung]], Indonésia. [[Kabupatén Pringséwu]] ieu mangrupa daérah otonom nu diremsikeun tanggal 3 April 2009 jeung dumasar kana Undang-Undang nomer 48 taun 2008. Kiwari Kabupatén Pringséwu téh tina segi wilayah mangrupa salah sahiji kabupatén paling leutik sakaligus paling padet di Propinsi Lampung nu miboga lega wilayah sakitar 652 Km2, jumlah pendudukna 475.353 jiwa<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pringsewukab.go.id/pages/sejarah-kabupaten-pringsewu|title=Halaman - Sejarah Kabupaten Pringsewu|last=Pringsewu|first=Kabupaten|website=Website Resmi Kabupaten Pringsewu|language=Indonesia|accessdate=2019-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727164252/https://www.pringsewukab.go.id/pages/sejarah-kabupaten-pringsewu|archivedate=2021-07-27}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pringsewukab.go.id/pages/tentang-pringsewu|title=Halaman - Tentang Pringsewu|last=Pringsewu|first=Kabupaten|website=Website Resmi Kabupaten Pringsewu|language=Indonesia|accessdate=2019-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214110558/https://www.pringsewukab.go.id/pages/tentang-pringsewu|archivedate=2019-12-14}}</ref>, nu kawengku ti 126 Pekon jeung 5 kalurahan nu kasebar kana 9 kacamatan nyaéta Kecamatan Pringséwu, Pagelaran, Pardasuka, Gadingrejo, Sukoharjo, Ambarawa, Adiluwih, Kécamatan Banyumas jeung Pagelaran Utara. Tina segi wilayah Kabupatén Pringséwu téh mangrupa salah sahiji kabupatén paling leutik sakaligus paling padet di Propinsi Lampung.<ref name=":0" /> == Géografi == Kabupatén Pringséwu sacara géorafis pernahna di antara 104<sup>0</sup>45'25"–105<sup>0</sup>8'42" BT dan 5<sup>0</sup>8'10"-5<sup>0</sup>34'27" LS. <ref name=":1" /> == Sajarah == Sajarah Pringséwu dimimitian ku diadegkeunnana salah sahiji perkampungan (''tiuh'') ''Margakaya'' dina taun 1738 Maséhi, nu dihuni ku masyarakat asli suku Lampung-Pubian nu pernahna di sisi walungan Way Tebu (4 Km ti puseur dayeuh Pringséwu ka arah kidul). Dina taun 1925, sakelompok masyarakat ti Pulo Jawa, ogé ngabuka aréal pamukiman anyar kalayan ngagunakeun cara ku ngababad leuweung nu cukup loba ku tangkal awi di sakitar tiuh Margakaya éta. Kusabab saking lobana tangkal awi di leuweung anu ku maranéhna buka teh, masyarakat nyebut desa nu kakara dibuka éta téh jeung sebutan Pringséwu, nu artina Sarébu Tangkal Awi nu asalna tina basa Jawa. Kiwari, daérah ieu nu baheula leuweung tangkal awi téh geus ngajalma jadi hiji Kota nu cukup maju jeung ramé di Propinsi Lampung, nyaéta nu kiwari dipikawanoh ku "Pringséwu" kiwari ogé kaasup salah sahiji kota paling gedé di Propinsi Lampung. Dina taun 1936, diadegkeun pamaréntahan Kawedanan Tataan nu ngarébu kota di Pringséwu, Wedana nu kahiji nyaéta Bapak Ibrahim nepi ka taun 1943. Tuluy di taun 1943 Kawedanan Tataan dipimpin ku Bapak Ramelan, dina taun 1949 ku Bapak Nurdin, taun 1951 ku Bapak Hasyim Asmarantaka, taun 1957 ku Bapak Saleh Adenan, sarta dina taun 1959 nu diangkat jadi Wedana nyaéta Bapak R.Arifin Kartaprawira nu mangrupa Wedana terakhir nepi ka taun 1964, wanci pemaréntahan Kawedanan Tataan dihapuskeun. == Poténsi Wisata == Kecamatan Pringséwu téh miboga sababaraha hiji poténsi wisata nu hadé boh tina segi wisata réligi ogé wisata alamna. Objék wisata alamna nyaéta [[Talaga Gupit]] nu pernahna di Kecamatan Gadingrejo, [[Curug Pagasan]] di [[Kecamatan Pagelaran Kalér]], Guha Maria di daérah Fajar Bulan, [[Curug Taman Harimau]] di Kecamatan Pardasuka nu miboga dua titik curug nu boga tingkat kaluhuran 15 m jeung 12 m, [[Talang Indah]] di Kecamatan Pringséwu nu mangrupa objék wisata alam nu ngagambarkeun aliran irigasi paninggalan Walanda taun 1928.<ref name=":1" /> Sedengkeun tina wisata réligi aya ''Rest Area'' ''Tugu Selamat Datang'' miboga pamandangannu éndah sarta didukung sarana jeung prasarana keur istirahat para pangandara. Makam Kyai Haji Kholil di Kelurahan Pringséwu Kulon nu biasa dijadikeun wisata réligi ku pajiarah ti rupa-rupa daérah. Pendopo Pringséwu nu pernahna di tengah puseur kota.<ref name=":1" /> Salain éta aya ogé Nggruput nu mangrupa féstival jajanan jeung kaulinan tradisional, diayakeun satiap hari minggu di sakitar komplek perkantoran pamaréntah daérah Kabupatén Pringséwu. Féstival ieu digagas ku salah sahiji komunitas nu aya di Pringséwu nyaéta ''Pringséwu Community .'' Ku ayana acara ieu jadi salah sahiji daya tarik wisatawan ti rupa-rupa daérah.<ref name=":1" /> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Pringséwu]] chfgxz8jhy14acfl5r4ml1osbb03xxd Pulo Sebuku (Sumatra) 0 98659 729273 665036 2026-09-26T21:10:24Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox islands |name = Sebuku |image_name = Sebuku Island Location.jpg |image_caption = Lokasi Pulo Sebuku di Selat Sunda |native_name = |native_name_link = |coordinates = {{Coord|5|52|26|S|105|31|5|E|region:ID_type:isle}} |archipelago = |area_km2 = 17.71 |rank = |highest_mount = |elevation_m = 361,8 |country = [[Indonésia]] |country_admin_divisions_title = Propinsi |country_admin_divisions = [[Lampung]] |country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Kabupatén |country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Kabupatén Lampung Kidul|Lampung Kidul]] |country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Kacamatan |country_admin_divisions_2 = [[Rajabasa, Lampung Kidul|Rajabasa]] |waterbody=[[Selat Sunda]], [[Teluk Lampung]] |population = |population_as_of = |density_km2 = |ethnic_groups = |timezone=[[Zona wanci Indonésia|WIB]] ([[UTC+07:00]]) }} '''Pulo Sebuku''' (disebut ogé '''Seboekoe'''<ref name="USNaval"/> atawa '''Sebuku Besar''') nyaéta salah sahiji pulo nu perenahna di [[Selat Sunda]] jeung kaasup kana [[Rajabasa, Lampung Kidul|Kacamatan Rajabasa]], [[Kabupatén Lampung Kidul]], [[Lampung|Propinsi Lampung]].<ref name="Perda"/> Ieu pulo legana 17,71 kilométer pasagi jeung luhurna nepi ka 361,8 méter.<ref name="RPJPD"/><ref name="USNaval"/> Ieu pulo jadi tempat panalungtikan ngeunaan suksési di Kapuloan Krakatau nu ancur ku érupsi dina taun 1883. Pulo ieu biasana didatangan turis pikeun ningali pamandangan jero lautna ku cara ''snorkeling''.<ref name="PesonaIndonesia"/> == Géografi == Pulo Sebuku perenahna di [[Selat Sunda]] jeung [[Teluk Lampung]], tepatna 2,3 kilométer ka kalér ti [[Pulo Sebesi]], 2,3 kilométer ka kidul ti [[pulo Sumatra]], jeung 30 kilométer ti [[Rakata|Kapuloan Krakatau]].<ref name="Yukawa">{{Cite journal |first1=Junichi |last1=Yukawa |first2=Tukirin |last2=Partomohardjo |first3=Osamu |last3=Yata |first4=Toshiya |last4=Hirowatari |title=An Assessment of the Role of Sebesi Island as a Stepping-stone for the Colonisation of the Krakatau Islands by Butterflies |url=https://qir.kyushu-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2324/2638/1/1.pdf |date=31 Maret 2000 |journal=Esakia |publisher=Univérsitas Kyoto |issue=4 |pages=1-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007022702/https://qir.kyushu-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2324/2638/1/1.pdf |archivedate=7 October 2011 |accessdate=25 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="Carey"/> Pulo nu luhurna nepi ka 361,8 méter ieu sacara administratif kaasup kana [[Rajabasa, Lampung Kidul|Kacamatan Rajabasa]], [[Kabupatén Lampung Kidul]], [[Lampung|Propinsi Lampung]].<ref name="Perda">{{Cite web |title=Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Lampung Nomor 1 Tahun 2018 tentang Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2018-2038 |url=https://kkp.go.id/djprl/artikel/11900-perda-provinsi-lampung-nomor-1-tahun-2018-tentang-rencana-zonasi-wilayah-pesisir-dan-pulau-pulau-kecil-provinsi-lampung-tahun-2018-2038 |year=2018 |publisher=Pamaréntah Propinsi Lampung |accessdate=24 Désémber 2019 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224152446/https://kkp.go.id/djprl/artikel/11900-perda-provinsi-lampung-nomor-1-tahun-2018-tentang-rencana-zonasi-wilayah-pesisir-dan-pulau-pulau-kecil-provinsi-lampung-tahun-2018-2038 |date=2019-12-24 }}</ref> Di wétan ieu pulo aya Pulo Sebuku Kecil nu jarakna sakitar 800 méter jeung boga punclut pangluhurna 142 méter.<ref name="USNaval">{{Cite book |title=Sailing Directions for Soenda Strait and the Western and Northeast Coasts of Borneo and Offlying Islands |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=OXFHAQAAIAAJ&dq |year=1975 |publisher=Dinas Pametaan Pertahanan Amérika Sarikat |edition=5th}}</ref> Ti 132 pulo nu aya di Lampung, pulo nu legana 17,71 kilométer pasagi ieu mangrupa salah sahiji pulo nu boga pangeusi.<ref name="RPJPD">{{Cite web |title=Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Lampung Nomor 6 Tahun 2007 tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Daerah (RPJPD) Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2005-2025 |url=http://ditjenpp.kemenkumham.go.id/files/ld/2007/lampung6-2007.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Pamaréntah Propinsi Lampung |accessdate=24 Désémber 2019 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225161736/http://ditjenpp.kemenkumham.go.id/files/ld/2007/lampung6-2007.pdf |date=2019-12-25 }}</ref><ref name=Kompas>{{Cite web |editor=Rachmawati |title=132 Pulau Kecil Dipakai untuk Wisata, Belum Satu Pun Punya Izin |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/07/12/15504691/132-pulau-kecil-dipakai-untuk-wisata-belum-satu-pun-punya-izin?page=all |date=12 Juli 2019 |website=[[Kompas (koran)|Kompas]] |accessdate=24 Désémber 2019}}</ref> Pulau Sebuku boga peran dina ngalindungan garis basisir di suku Gunung Rajabasa ti [[abrasi]] ku gelombang laut nepi ka [[tsunami]] ti érupsi Gunung Krakatau.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Dwi |last=Jokowinarno |title=Identifikasi Garis Pantai di Provinsi Lampung yang Rawan oleh Tsunami sebagai Akibat Letusan Gunung Krakatau |journal=Rekayasa: Jurnal Sipil dan Perencanaan |url=http://ft-sipil.unila.ac.id/ejournals/index.php/jrekayasa/article/viewFile/4/5 |publisher=Fakultas Téhnik Univérsitas Lampung |date=Agustus 2009 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=119-130 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225193055/http://ft-sipil.unila.ac.id/ejournals/index.php/jrekayasa/article/viewFile/4/5 |date=2019-12-25 }}</ref> == Sajarah == Dina [[Érupsi Krakatau 1883|érupsi Gunung Krakatau]] taun 1883, kasaluruhan pangeusi di Pulo Sebuku nu jumlahna 150 jelema tilar dunya. Ieu pulo katimbun sababaraha méter ku lumpur ti letusan.<ref name="Carey">{{Cite journal |first1=S. |last1=Carey |first2=H. |last2=Sigurdsson |first3=C. |last3=Mandeville |first4=S. |last4=Bronto |title=Pyroclastic flows and surges over water: an example from the 1883 Krakatau eruption |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00304435 |year=1996 |journal=Bulletin of Vulcanology |volume=57 |issue=7 |pages=493-511 |doi=10.1007/bf00304435}}</ref> == Ekologi == Leuweung nu asli di Pulo Sebuku tos teu aya lantaran kasapu ku tsunami jeung ''nuée ardente'' dina taun 1883 nu dihasilkeun érupsi Gunung Krakatau.<ref>{{Cite book |first=David A. |last=Rothery |title=Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Tsunamis:Teach Yourself |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=O6uIWLjtvmAC&dq |publisher=Hodder Education |location=London |isbn=978-1444103113}}</ref> Leuweung ieu kiwari tos kaganti ku pepelakan budidaya.<ref>{{Cite journal |first1=Wara |last1=Asyifa |first2=Rosichon |last2=Ubaidillah |first3=Seiki |last3=Yamane |title=Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Krakataus, and Sebesi and Sebuku Islands |url=http://www.biologi.lipi.go.id/jurnal/reinwardtia/2010_01_19_16_17_17treubia2008-wara.pdf |date=Désémber 2008 |journal=Treubia: A Journal on Zoology of the Indo-Australian Archipelago |volume=36 |pages=1-9 |publisher=[[Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonésia|LIPI]] |issn=0082‐6340 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007020542/http://www.biologi.lipi.go.id/jurnal/reinwardtia/2010_01_19_16_17_17treubia2008-wara.pdf |archivedate=7 October 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007020542/http://www.biologi.lipi.go.id/jurnal/reinwardtia/2010_01_19_16_17_17treubia2008-wara.pdf |date=7 October 2011 }}</ref> Ieu pulo ogé kaasup kana zona perikanan budidaya, nyaéta zona pikeun pangembangan komoditas budi daya laut saperti rumput laut jeung lauk.<ref name="Perda"/> Pulo Sebuku, di sisi Pulo Sebesi, jadi tempat panalungtikan ngeunaan [[Suksési ékologi|suksési]] di Kapuloan Krakatau nu ancur teu nyisakeun nanaon saatos érupsi dina taun 1883. Ieu panalungtikan dilakukeun lantaran aya dugaan satoan jeung tutuwuhan nu ayeuna aya di Kapuloan Krakatau, saperti [[kukupu]] jeung [[Orchidaceae|anggrék]], asup ti Pulo Sumatra ngaliwatan Pulo Sebuku sabagai "batu loncatan"-na. Loba tutuwuhan ogé asup ti Pulo Sebuku ku cara [[manuk]] jeung [[kalong]] nu ngaragragkeun biji di éta pulo.<ref>{{Cite journal |first1=Robert J. |last1=Whittaker |first2=Stephen H. |last2=Jones |title=The Role of Frugivorous Bats and Birds in the Rebuilding of a Tropical Forest Ecosystem, Krakatau, Indonesia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2845528 |journal=Journal of Biogeography |volume=21 |issue=3 |date=Méi 1994 |publisher=Wiley |pages=245-258 |doi=10.2307/2845528}}</ref> Tapi, hasil panalungtikan ieu nunjukkeun yén spésiés satoan jeung tutuwuhan ieu leuwih mungkin asup ti Pulo Jawa tibatan ti Pulo Sebuku.<ref name="Yukawa"/><ref>{{Cite journal |first=Tukirin |last=Partomihardjo |title=Colonisation of orchids on the Krakatau Islands |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/emuwebnswlive/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=39041&reftable=ebibliography |year=2003 |journal=Telopea |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=299-310}}</ref> Pulo Sebuku jadi habitat tetep ti manuk japati ''[[Macropygia emiliana]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |first1=David |last1=Gibbs |first2=Eustace |last2=Barnes |first3=John |last3=Cox |title=Pigeons and Doves: A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=r__Tx8QKQfMC&dq |year=2010 |publisher=Christopher Helm |location=London |pages=267-269 |isbn=978-1408135556}}</ref> == Pariwisata == Pulo Sebuku bisa didatangan ku cara numpak parahu nelayan salila 1,5 jam ti [[Canti, Kalianda, Lampung Kidul|Darmaga Canti]], [[Kalianda, Lampung Kidul|Kalianda]]. Pulo ieu biasana didatangan turis pikeun ningali pamandangan jero lautna ku cara ''[[Selam déét|snorkeling]]''.<ref name="PesonaIndonesia">{{Cite web |title=Nikmatnya Alam di Sekitaran Gunung Anak Krakatau |url=https://pesona.travel/keajaiban/1687/nikmatnya-alam-di-sekitaran-gunung-anak-krakatau |website=Pesona Indonésia |publisher=Kementerian Pariwisata Républik Indonésia |accessdate=24 Désémber 2019 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224152454/https://pesona.travel/keajaiban/1687/nikmatnya-alam-di-sekitaran-gunung-anak-krakatau |date=2019-12-24 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first1=Justine |last1=Vaisutis |first2=Neal |last2=Bedford |first3=Mark |last3=Elliott |first4=Nick |last4=Ray |first5=Ryan Ver |last5=Berkmoes |title=Indonesia |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=eoMYUd6FsSkC&dq |year=2007 |publisher=Lonely Planet |page=482 |isbn=978-1741044355}}</ref> Pamaréntah Propinsi Lampung boga rencana ngembangkeun pariwisata basisir Pulo Sebuku jeung infrastruktur jalur cai sarta aktivitas perikanan.<ref>{{Cite journal |first1=Rahayu |last1=Sulistyorini |first2=Tas'an |last2=Junaidi |title=Feasibility Study of Kalianda Coast Ring Road in South Lampung Regency |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/147617508.pdf |journal=Proceedings The 15th FSTPT International Symposium |date=23-24 Novémber 2012 |location=Bekasi |publisher=Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat |isbn=979-95721-2-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |first1=Heryandi |last1=Budiyono |first2=Ade Arif |last2=Firmansyah |first3=Yulia |last3=Neta |first4=Muhtadi |title=Harmonization of Village Development Planning Law in Lampung Coastal in the Spatial Planning Regime |url=https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JLPG/article/view/41203 |journal=Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization |year=2018 |volume=70 |pages=16-23 |publisher=IISTE |issn= 2224-3240}}</ref> Tapi, saperti pulo-pulo nu aya di sakitarna, objék wisata di ieu pulo masih teu acan boga izin pangelolaan ti pamaréntah.<ref name=Kompas/> {{wide image|Sebuku Island.jpg|1800px|Pamandangan Pulo Sebuku}} == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Pulo di Indonésia]] 3re8gohzh1nw1yjhpm3kpaybfgml86t Mohammad Natsir 0 98664 729226 707041 2026-09-26T17:52:49Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info Pajabat|name=Mohammad Natsir|primeminister3=[[Mohammad Hatta]]|religion=[[Islam]]|profession=[[Politikus]]|children=|spouse=|party=[[Masyumi]]|nationality=[[Indonesia]]|death_place={{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]|death_date={{death date and age|1993|2|6|1908|7|17}}|birth_place={{flagicon|Walanda}} [[Alahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti, Solok]], [[Sumatra Barat]], [[Hindia Belanda]]|birth_date={{birth date|1908|7|17}}|successor3=[[Syafruddin Prawiranegara]]|predecessor3=[[Sjahbudin Latif]]|president3=[[Soekarno]]|image=Mohammad Natsir 1950s.jpg|successor2=[[Setiadi]]|predecessor2=[[Amir Sjarifuddin]]|primeminister2=[[Sutan Syahrir]]|president2=[[Soekarno]]|order2=Ke-2|office2=[[Daftar Menteri Penerangan Indonesia|Menteri Penerangan]]|successor=[[Sukiman Wirjosandjojo]]|viceprimeminister=[[Hamengkubuwana IX]]|predecessor=[[Mohammad Hatta]]<br>[[Abdoel Halim]]|president=[[Soekarno]]|order=Ke-5|office=Perdana Menteri Indonesia|signature=}} '''Mohammad Natsir''' (lahir di Alahan Panjang, [[Lembah Gumanti]], [[Kabupaten Solok]], [[Sumatra Barat]], 17 Juli 1908 - tilar dunya di Jakarta, 6 Pébruari 1993 dina umur 84 taun) nyaéta saurang ulama, pulitisi jeung pajoang kamerdékaan Indonésia. Dirina mangrupa pangadeg sakaligus pamingpin partéy pulitik [[Masyumi]], sarta tokoh Islam nu kakoncara di Indonésia. di jero nagri dirina kungsi ngajabat jadi menteri jeung perdana menteri Indonésia, sedeng di ajang internasional kungsi ngajabat jadi présidén Kongrés Muslim Dunia (''World Muslim Congress'') sarta pupuhu Déwan Masjid Dunia. Natsir lahir jeung digedékeun di [[Solok]], méméh tuluy pindah ka [[Bandung]] pikeun nuluykeun ka [[SMA]] sarta tuluy neuleuman élmu Islam sacara leuwih jero di paguron luhur. Dirina ancrub kana dunia pulitik dina patengahan taun 1930-an ku ngagabung ka partéy politik nu idiologina [[Islam]]. Tanggal 5 Séptémber 1950, dirina diangkat jadi Perdana Menteri Indonésia kalima. Sabada mundur tina jabatanna tanggal 26 April 1951 alatan pasalia paham jeung Présidén [[Soekarno]], dirina beuki vokal nyorakeun pentingna peranan Islam di Indonésia nepi ka ngabalukarkeun dirina dibui ku Soekarno. Sabada dibébaskeun di taun 1966, Natsir terus ngiritik pamaréntahan harita nu geus ganti dipingpin ku Soeharto nepi ka dirina dicekel. Natsir loba nulis ngeunaan pamikiran Islam. Dirina aktif nulis di majalah-majalah Islam sabada karya tulisna nu munggaran dipedalkeun dina taun 1929; nepi ka tungtung hirupna, Natsir geus nulis kurang leuwih 45 buku sarta ratusan karya tulis séjénna. Dirina nempo yén Islam téh minangka bagéan nu teu kapisahkeun ti budaya Indonésia. Natsir ngaku kuciwa ku peta Soekarno jeung Soeharto kana Islam. Salila hirupna, Natsir meunang tilu gelar doktor [[honoris causa]], hiji ti [[Libanon]] jeung dua deui ti [[Malaysia]]. Dina tanggal 10 Nopémber 2008, Natsir dinyatakeun minangka [[Pahlawan Nasional Indonésia]], Natsir kawentar minangka menteri nu "teu boga baju alus, bedahanna tatambalan. Dirina dipikatineung minangka menteri nu teu boga imah jeung nolak dibéré hadiah mobil méwah." == Kahirupan == [[Gambar:Rumah_Kelahiran_Natsir.jpg|jmpl|275x275px|Imah gumelarna Mohammad Natsir]] Mohammad Natsir dilahirkeun di Alahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti, Kabupaten Solok, Sumatra Barat dina tanggal 17 Juli 1908 ti pasangan Mohammad Idris Sutan Saripado jeung Khadijah.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{harvnb|Luth|1999|pp=21{{spaced ndash}}24}}</ref><ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFMa'mur1995|Ma'mur 1995]], k. 29.</ref> Wanci keur leutikna,Natsir sakulawarga hirup di imah Sutan Rajo Ameh, saurang sodagar kopi nu kawentar di ditu. Ku nu boga imah, imahna dibagi jadi dua bagéan; nu boga imah tur kulawargana nyicingan beulah kénca, sedeng Mohammad Idris Sutan Saripado nyicingan béh katuhueunna.<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFShahab2008|Shahab 2008]], kk. 9 – 15.</ref> Natsir boga tilu dulur teges, masing-masing ngaranna Yukina, Rubiah jeung Yahanusun. Jabatan panungtungan bapana nyaéta minangka pagawé pamaréntah di Alahan panjang, sedeng akina mangrupa hiji ulama. Natsir jagana jadi pamangku adat pikeun kaomna nu asalna ti Maninjau, Tanjung Raya, Agam, maké gelar ''Datuk Sinaro nan Panjang''.<ref name=":2">[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFAdam2009|Adam 2009]], kk. 72-76.</ref> Natsir mimiti ngarasakeun pangatikan di Sakola Rakyat Maninjau salila dua taun nepi ka kelas dua, tuluy pindah ka ''Hollandsch-Inlandsche School'' ([[HIS]]) Adabiyah di Padang.<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFShahab2008|Shahab 2008]], kk. 9 – 15.</ref> Sabada sababaraha bulan, dirina pindah deui ka Solok sarta dititipkeun di imah hiji sodagar nu ngaranna Haji Musa. Lian ti diajar di HIS di Solok di wanci beurang, Natsir ogé diajar élmu agama Islam di Madrasah Diniyah dina wanci peutingna.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{harvnb|Luth|1999|pp=21{{spaced ndash}}24}}</ref><ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFMa'mur1995|Ma'mur 1995]], k. 29.</ref> Tilu taun ti harita, Natsir pindah deui ka HIS di Padang bareng jeung lanceukna. Dina taun 1923, dirina nuluykeun pangatikanna di ''Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs'' ([[MULO]]), tuluy ngagabung jeung paguyuban-paguyuban pamuda saperti ''Pandu Nationale Islamietische Pavinderij'' jeung [[Jong Islamieten Bond|''Jong Islamieten Bond'']].<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref name=":0">[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFDzulfikriddin2010|Dzulfikriddin 2010]], kk. 19 – 20</ref> Sabadana lulus ti MULO, Natsir pindah ka Bandung pikeun diajar di ''Algemeene Middelbare School'' ([[AMS]]) nepi ka tamatna dina taun 1930.<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref name=":0" /> Ti taun 1928 nepi ka 1932, Natsir jadi katua ''Jong Islamieten Bond'' (JIB) Bandung.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Dirina ogé jadi pangajar sanggeus narima palatihan guru salila dua taun di paguron luhur. Natsir nu saméméhna geus meunang pangatikan Islam di [[Sumatra Kulon]], neuleuman élmu agama di Bandung, kaasup di widang [[tafsir Al Qur'an]], hukum Islam jeung dialéktika. Satuluyna dina taun 1932, Natsir guguru ka [[Ahmad Hassan]], nu jagana jadi tokoh organisasi Islam [[Persatuan Islam]].<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFMa'mur1995|Ma'mur 1995]], kk. 30 – 31.</ref> Dina 20 Oktober 1934, Natsir ngadahup ka Nurnahar di Bandung.<ref name=":3">[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFLuth1999|Luth 1999]], k. 27</ref> Tina rarabina éta Natsir ngabogaan genep anak.<ref name=":7">[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFMa'mur1995|Ma'mur 1995,]] k. 30.</ref> Natsir ogé kawentar ngawasa sawatara bahasa, saperti [[Inggris]], [[Walanda]], [[Perancis]], [[Jérman]], [[Arab]] jeung [[Ésperanto]].<ref name=":7" /> Natsir ogé boga karesep nu sarua tur deuheus jeung [[Douwes Dekker]], nyaéta ngulinkeun wirahma. Natsir resep maén [[biola]] sedeng Dekker resep maén [[Gitar|hitar]]. Mohammad Natsir ogé remen ngobrol maké basa Walanda jeung Dekker sarta remen nyaturkeun wirahma sakelas [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] jeung novél sakelas [[Boris Leonidovich Pasternak]], novélis kakokoncara ti Rusia dina mangsa harita. Kadeuheusanna jeung Dekker ngalantarankeun Dekker daék asup ka [[Masyumi]]. Ide-ide Natsir jeung Dekker ngeunaan pajoangan, [[démokrasi]] jeung kaadilan mémang sajalan.<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFSetiadi_dkk.2012|Setiadi dkk. 2012]], k. 150-151.</ref> Natsir mulih ka jati mulang ka asal dina tanggal 6 Pébruari 1993 di [[Jakarta]] sarta dikurebkeun sapoé ti harita.<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFLuth1999|Luth 1999]], k. 27</ref> == Karir == [[Gambar:Indonesia_Natsir_Cabinet.jpg|kiri|jmpl|250x250px|Menteri-menteri ti Kabinet Natsir kalayan Presiden [[Sukarno|Soekarno]] jeung Wakil Presiden [[Mohammad Hatta]]]] Natsir loba gaul jeung pamikir-pamikir Islam, modél [[Agus Salim]]; salila patengahan 1930-an, Natsir jeung Salim terus tukeur pikiran ngeunaan hubungan Islam jeung nagara demi pika hareupeun pamaréntahan Indonésia nu dipingpin ku [[Soekarno]].<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFMa'mur1995|Ma'mur 1995]], hlm. 33.</ref><ref name=":8">[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFMa'mur1995|Ma'mur 1995]], k. 34</ref> Dina taun 1938, dirina ngagabung ka Partéy Islam Indonésia, sarta diangkat jadi pingpinan cabang Bandung ti taun 1940 nepi ka 1942.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{harvnb|Luth|1999|pp=21{{spaced ndash}}24}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> Natsir ogé mancén minangka Kapala Biro Pangatikan Bandung nepi ka taun 1945. Mangsa pangawasaan Jepang, Natsir ngagabung ka Majelis Islam A'la Indonésia (nu tuluy robah jadi [[Majelis Syuro Muslimim Indonésia]] atawa [[Masyumi]]), sarta diangkat minangka salah sahiji pupuhu ti taun 1945 nepi ka nalika Masyumi jeung [[Partéy Sosialis Indonésia]] dibubarkeun ku Présidén Soekarno dina taun 1960.<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref name=":8" /><ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFNoer2012|Noer 2012]], k. 155.</ref> Sabada [[Proklamasi Kamerdékaan Indonésia]], Natsir jadi anggota [[Komite Nasional Indonésia Pusat]]. Méméh jadi perdana menteri, dirina ngajabat minangka menteri panerangan.<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFNoer2012|Noer 2012]], k. 155.</ref> Dina tanggal 3 April 1950, Natsir ngajukeun [[Mosi Integral Natsir]] dina sidang pléno parlemén.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{harvnb|Luth|1999|pp=21{{spaced ndash}}24}}</ref> [[Mohammad Hatta]] minangka [[Wakil Présidén Indonésia]] nu ngarojong kabéh pihak pikeun bajoang sacara tartib ngarasa kabantu ku ayana mosi ieu. Mosi ieu malikkeun deui kaweuteuhan bangsa Indonésia dina [[Nagara Kasatuan Républik Indonésia]] nu saméméhna ngawangun sarikat, hingga dirina diangkat jadi perdana menteri ku Présidén Soekarno dina tanggal 17 Agustus 1950. Tapi Natsir ngundurkeun diri tina jabatanna dian tanggal 26 April 1951 alatan pasalia paham jeung Soekarno. Soekarno nu nganut paham [[nasionalisme]] ngiritik Islam minangka idéologi kalawan muja sékularisasi nu dipilampah ku Mustafa Kemal Ataturk di [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], sedeng Natsir manghanyakalkeun ancurna Kasultanan Utsmaniyah ku nunjukkeun akibat-akibat negatif tina sékularisasi.<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFKhouw_2008,_In_search_of_Mohammad|Khouw 2008, ''In search of Mohammad'']].</ref> Natsir ogé ngiritik Soekarno yén manéhna kurang merhatikeun kasajahteraan di luar Pulo Jawa. Numutkeun Hatta, méméh pangunduran diri Natsir, Soekarno salaku présidén sakaligus pupuhu Partéy Nasionalis Indonésia ([[PNI]]) terus ngadesek Manai Sophiaan katut para menteri ti PNI pikeun ngarebahkeun [[Kabinet Natsir]] sarta teu ngadukung kana kawijakan-kawijakan nu diusulkeun ku Natsir jeung Hatta. [[Gambar:Natsir_Harian_Umum_26_October_1950.jpg|ka|jmpl|260x260px| Mohammad Natsir (1950) ]] Salila éra [[démokrasi kapingpin]] di Indonésia, Natsir aub dina panentangan ka pamaréntah nu beuki otoritér jeung ngagabung kana [[Pamaréntahan Révolusioner Républik Indonésia]] sabada ninggalkeun [[Pulo Jawa]].<ref name=":4" /> PRRI nu nungtut ayana otonomi daérah nu leuwih lega disalahtafsirkeun ku Soekarno minangka pamungpangan. Akibatna, Natsir ditéwak tur dibui di [[Malang]] ti Taun 1962 nepi ka 1964, sarta dibébaskeun dina mangsa [[Orde Baru]] dina tanggal 26 Juli 1966.<ref name=":9">[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFLuth1999|Luth 1999]], k. 25 – 26</ref><ref name=":4" /> Sabada dibébaskeun ti bui, Natsir ilibiung deui dina organisasi-organisasi Islam, modél Majelis Ta'sisi Rabitah Alam Islami jeung Majelis Ala al-Alami lil Masjid nu museur di [[:id:Mekkah|Mekkah]], Pusat Studi Islam Oxford (''Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies'') di [[Inggris]], jeung Kongrés Muslim Dunya (''World Muslim Congress'') di [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]].<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFMa'mur1995|Ma'mur 1995]], k.. 30 – 33.</ref> Dina éra [[Orde Anyar]], Natsir ngadegkeun Yayasan Déwan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonésia. Dirina ogé ngiritik kawijakan pamaréntah, contona nalika Natsir néken [[Petisi 50]] dina tanggal 5 Méi 1980, nu ngabalukarkeun dirina dilarang indit-inditan ka luar negeri<ref name=":9" />. Dina mangsa-mangsa awal Orde Anyar ieu, Natsir ngabogaan jasa ngirim nota ka [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]] dina raraga nyairkeun hubungan jeung [[Malaysia]]. Sajaba ti éta, nya ku Natsir nu ngontak pamaréntah [[Kuwait]] pikeun naneum modal di Indonésia jeung ngayakinkeun pamaréntahan [[Jepang]] ngeunaan kakeyengan Orde Anyar dina ngawangun ékonomi. Soeharto nganggap jalma nu ngiritik dirina minangka panentang [[Pancasila]]. Natsir néken Petisi éta babarengan jeung Jénderal [[Hoegeng]], Létjen [[Ali Sadikin]], [[Sanusi Hardjadinata]], [[SK Trimurti]] tur nu séjénna.<ref name=":2" /> Ku dilarangna ka luar nagri, loba seminar nu teu bisa diiluan.<ref name=":4">[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFFadillah_2013,_Mengenang_M_Natsir|Fadillah 2013, ''Mengenang M Natsir'']].</ref> Natsir nolak kacurigaan Soeharto kana partéy-partéy, utamana partéy Islam. Komo deui Opsus (Operasi Husus) nu aya dina pingpinan langsung Soeharto, ogé meunang kritikan.<ref name=":1">Noer 2012, kk. 169-171</ref> Padahal, badan intél ieu nu ménta Natsir pikeun ngamimitian hubungan jeung Malaysia sarta Timur Tengah sabada naékna Soeharto.<ref name=":1" /> === Panulis === Salila ngalakonan didikan di AMS, Natsir geus aub dina dunia [[jurnalistik]]. Dina taun 1929, dua artikel nu ditulisna dimuat dina majalah ''Algemeen Indisch Dagblad'', nyaéta nu judulna ''Qur'an en Evangellie'' (Al-Qur'an jeung Injil) jeung ''Muhammad als Profeet'' (Muhammad minangka Nabi). Tuluy Natsir jeung tokoh-tokoh Islam lianna ngadegkeun surat kabar ''Pembela Islam'' nu medal dina taun 1929 nepi ka 1935. Natsir ogé loba nulis ngeunaan pandanganna kana agama di mangrupa-rupa majalah Islam saperti ''Pandji Islam'', ''Pedoman Masyarakat'' jeng ''Al-Manar''. Natsir geus nulis kurang leuwih 45 buku atawa ''[[monograf]]'' jeung ratusan artikel nu ngamuat pandanganna ngeunaan Islam. Dirina aktif nulis di majalah-majalah Islam saprak karya tulis munggaranna dipedalkeun dina taun 1929. Karya-karya pangmimitina umumna maké [[basa Walanda]] jeung Indonésia, nu loba ngabahas ngeunaan pamikiran Islam, budaya, hubungan antara Islam jeung pulitik sarta peran wanoja dina Islam. Karya-karya satuluyna loba ditulis dina bahasa Inggris, jeung leuwih fokus kana pulitik, pangwartaan ngeunaan Islam sarta hubungan antara umat Kristiani jeung Muslim. [[Ajip Rosidi]] jeung [[Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah]] nyebutkeun yén tulisan-tulisan Natsir geus jadi catetan sajarah nu bisa jadi panduan pikeun umat Islam.<ref name=":5">[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFMa'mur1995|Ma'mur 1995]], kk. 36–46.</ref> Sajaba ti nulis, Natsir ogé ngadegkeun sakola ''Pendidikan Islam'' dina taun 1930. Sakola éta ditutup sabada pangawasaan Jepang di Indonésia.<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFMa'mur1995|Ma'mur 1995]], k.. 30 – 33.</ref> Sanajan Natsir ngabogaan kasang tukang pangatikan [[Walanda]], Natsir saeutik ogé teu kairut pikeun ngalakukeun westernisasi atawa sekularisasi dina dunia pangatikan Islam. Dirina ogé merhatikeun kana pangaruh didikan Walanda ka génerasi ngora.<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFAdian_2012,_Keteladanan_Mohammad_Natsir|Adian 2012, ''Keteladanan Mohammad Natsir'']].</ref> Sabenerna, léngkah kapadulianna ieu dialatankeun sabada maca karangan [[Snouck Hurgronje]] nu ngalawan Islam, saperti ''Netherland en de Islam'' nu ngajéntrékeun strategi Hurgronje dina ngalawan Islam. Buku ieu akhirna nu ngajieun tékad Natsir ngalawan Walanda liwat jalur pangatikan.<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFShahab2008|Shahab 2008]], k. 21.</ref> == Pangajén == [[Gambar:Mohammad_Natsir_2011_Indonesia_stamp.jpg|ka|jmpl|Natsir dina Parangko Indonésia taun 2011]] Pamaréntah Indonésia harita, boh nalika dipingpin ku Soekarno boh ku Suharto, sarua nuding Mohammad Natsir minangka pamungpang jeung pangbangkang, malah tudingan éta nu ngabalukarkeun dirina dibui. Sedeng ku nagara-nagara séjén Natsir kacida dipihormat jeung diajén, nepi ka loba pangajén nu dianugrahkeun ka dirina. Dunia Islam ngaku yén Mohammad Natsir téh minangka pahlawan nu ngaliwatan wates bangsa jeung nagara. Bruce Lawrence nyebutkeun yén Natsir mangrupa pulitisi nu paling pinunjul ngadukung pangayaran Islam.<ref name=":5" /> Dina taun 1957, Natsir narima béntang ''Nichan Istikhar'' (Grand Gordon) ti Raja Tunisia, Lamine Bey pikeun jasana ngabantu perjoangan kamerdékaan rakyat [[Afrika Kalér]]. Pangajén internasional lianna nyaéta ''Jaaizatul Malik Faisal al-Alamiyah'' dina taun 1980 sarta panghargaan ti sawatara ulama jeung pamikir kakoncara modél Syéh Abul Hasan Ali an-Nadwi jeung Abul A'la Maududi. Dina taun 1980, Natsir dileler pangajén ''Faisal Award'' ti [[Raja Fahd]] Arab Saudi ngaliwatan Yayasan Raja Faisal di [[Riyadh]], [[Arab Saudi]]. Dirina ogé meunang gelar doktor kahormatan di widang pulitik Islam ti Universitas Islam Libanon dina taun 1967. Dina taun 1991, Natsir meunang dua gelar kahormatan, nyaéta di widang sastra ti [[Universitas Kabangsaan Malaysia]] jeung dina widang pamikiran Islam ti [[UniversitasSains Malaysia]].<ref name=":3" /> Pamaréntah Indonésia karak ngajén dirina 15 taun sanggeus tilar dunya, dina tanggal 10 Nopémber 2008, Natsir dinyatakeun minangka [[Pahlawan Nasional Indonésia]].<ref>[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFTempo_2008,_Sumatra_Barat_Sambut|Tempo 2008, Sumatra Barat Sambut]].</ref> Soeharto teu doa méré gelar pahlawan ka salah sahiji "bapak bangsa" ieu. Dina mangsa [[B.J. Habibie]], Natsir dileler panghargaan [[Béntang Républik Indonésia Adipradana]].<ref name=":2" /> Réporter Ramadhian Fadillah ngalaporkeun yén saéstuna Natsir téh inohong nu basajan sapanjang jaman. Manéhna ogé ngabéjakeun yén Natsir "teu boga baju alus, bedahanna tatambalan. Dirina dipikatineung minangka menteri nu teu boga imah jeung nolak dibéré hadiah mobil méwah.<ref name=":4" /> George McTurna Kahin - pangajar di [[Universitas Cornell]] - meunang béja ti [[Agus Salim]] yén aya staf ti Kamentrian Panerangan nu dek ngumpulkeun duit keur Natsir sangkan maké papakéan nu leuwih pantes. Komo deui kaméjana, ngan dua setél tur geus barutut ogé. Nalika mundur ti perdana menteri dina bulan Maret 1951, sekertarisna, Maria Ulfa, nyérénkeun sésa dana taktis nu saldona réa kénéh nu sabenerna mah hakna perdana menteri. Natsir nolak, sarta dana éta disérénkeun ka koperasi karyawan bari teu sapésér-pésér acan dicokot ku dirina.<ref name=":6">[[:id:Mohammad_Natsir#CITEREFShahab2008|Shahab 2008]], kk. 47-49.</ref> Natsir kabéjakeun nolak mobil [[Chevrolét Impala]]. Padahal, di imahna dirina ngan boga mobil kolot, [[De Soto]] nu dibeuli ku sorangan pikeun nganter-jemput barudakna.<ref name=":2" /> Méméh pindah ka Jalan Jawa, dirina pindah ka Jalan Pegangsaan Timur nu aya di [[Jakarta]]. Mangka, kusabab Natsir ilibiung dina [[PRRI]], dirina diasupkan ti hiji panjara ka panjara lain salila taun 1960-1966, ogé kulawargana leungiteun imah di Jalan Jawa katut mobil De Soto-na. Harta bandana dicokot ku pamaréntah.<ref name=":6" /> == Réferénsi == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ; Dicutat tina {{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{cite book |first = Lukman |last = Hakiem |authorlink = Lukman Hakiem |title = Biografi Mohammad Natsir: Kepribadian, Pemikiran dan Perjuangan |year = 2019 |publisher = Pustaka Al-Kautsar |location = [[Jakarta]] |isbn = 978-979-592-834-8 |ref = {{sfnRef|Lukman Hakiem|2019}} |url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=oe3bDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=mohammad+natsir+biografi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjO_rf5777uAhW6qksFHSmHD3gQ6AEwAXoECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=mohammad%20natsir%20biografi&f=false }} * {{cite book |first = Asvi Warman |last = Adam |authorlink = Asvi Warman Adam |title = Membongkar Manipulasi Sejarah, Kontroversi Perilaku dan Peristiwa |year = 2009 |publisher = Penerbit Buku Kompas |location = [[Jakarta]] |isbn = 978-979-709-404-1 |ref = {{sfnRef|Asvi Warman Adam|2009}} |url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=NGKSXCtKnh0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Membongkar+Manipulasi+Sejarah,+Kontroversi+Perilaku+dan&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGv6afjLvuAhVvIbcAHanADfwQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false }} * {{cite book |language = Indonesia |title = Mohammad Natsir dalam Sejarah Politik Indonesia: Peran dan Jasa Mohammad Natsir dalam Dua Orde Indonesia |last = Dzulfikriddin |first = M. |year = 2010 |publisher = Mizan |location = Bandung |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=T1VoE-YgYD0C |isbn = 978-979-433-578-9 |ref = {{sfnRef|M. Dzulfikriddin|2010}} }} * {{cite news |title = Mohammad Natsir |url = http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2008/07/14/LK/mbm.20080714.LK127670.id.html |work = [[Tempo Interaktif|Majalah Tempo Interaktif]] |date = 14 Juli 2008 |accessdate = 27 Januari 2021 |last = Effendy |first = Bahtiar |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170203050322/http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2008/07/14/LK/mbm.20080714.LK127670.id.html |archivedate = 2017-02-03 |ref = {{sfnRef|Bahtiar Effendy|14 Juli 2008}} }} * {{cite news |title = Mengenang M Natsir, ulama besar dan sebenar-benarnya jihad |url = http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/mengenang-m-natsir-ulama-besar-dan-sebenar-benarnya-jihad.html |work = Merdeka |date = 29 April 2013 |accessdate = 27 Januari 2021 |last = Fadillah |first = Ramadhian |ref = {{harvid|Ramadhian Fadillah|29 April 2013}} }} * {{cite web |first = Adian |last = Husaini |authorlink = Adian Husaini |date = 17 Oktober 2012 |title = Keteladanan Mohammad Natsir |publisher = Insists |url = http://insistnet.com/keteladanan-mohammad-natsir/ |ref = {{sfnRef|Adian Husaini|2012}} |accessdate = 27 Januari 2021 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123095201/http://insistnet.com/keteladanan-mohammad-natsir/ |date=2013-11-23 }} * {{cite news |title = In search of Mohammad Natsir's spirit in Islamic Revivalism |url = http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/08/03/in-search-mohammad-natsir039s-spirit-islamic-revivalism.html |work = [[The Jakarta Post]] |date = 3 Agustus 2008 |accessdate = 27 Januari 2021 |last = Khouw |first = Ida Indawati |ref = {{sfnRef|Ida Indawati Khouw|3 Agustus 2008}} }} * {{cite book |title = M. Natsir, Dakwah dan Pemikirannya |last = Luth |first = Thohir |year = 1999 |publisher = Gema Insani |location = Jakarta |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=22p8BWSShmgC |isbn = 978-979-561-551-4 |ref = {{sfnRef|Thohir Luth|1999}} }} * {{Cite thesis |degree = Masters in Art |chapter = |title = Abul Ala Mawdudi and Mohammad Natsir's Views on Statehood: A Comparative Study |url = http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23228&local_base=GEN01-MCG02 |last = Ma'mur |first = Ilzamudin |year = 1995 |publisher = McGill University |location = Montreal |ref = {{sfnRef|Ilzamudin Ma'mur|1995}} |accessdate = 27 Januari 2021 |docket = |oclc = }} * {{cite book |last = Noer |first = Deliar |authorlink = Deliar Noer |editor = Jaap Erkelens |title = Mohammad Hatta: Hati Nurani Bangsa |url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=uUhNMwEACAAJ&dq=Mohammad+Hatta:Hati+Nurani+Bangsa&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5lNvMjLvuAhX07nMBHXYABvoQ6AEwAHoECAUQAQ |year = 2012 |publisher = Gramedia Pustaka Utama |location = [[Jakarta]] |isbn = 978-979-709-633-5 |ref = {{sfnRef|Deliar Noer|2012}} }} * {{cite book |author1 = Setiadi, Purwanto |author2 = dkk. |title = Douwes Dekker: Sang Inspirator Revolusi |url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=7ihIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR4&dq=douwes+Dekker:Sang+Inspirator+Revolusi&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIqPPWjLvuAhXR4nMBHchCCjQQ6AEwAHoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=douwes%20Dekker%3ASang%20Inspirator%20Revolusi&f=false |year = 2012 |publisher = KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia) bakarajo samo jo Majalah ''[[Tempo (majalah)|Tempo]]'' |isbn = 978-979-91-0513-4 |ref = {{sfnRef|Purwanto Setiadi, dkk.|2012}} }} * {{cite book |author1 = Shahab, Idrus F. |author2 = dkk. |title = Natsir: Politik Santun di antara Dua Rezim |year = 2008 |url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=GDJIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR3&dq=Natsir:+Politik+Santun+di+antara+Dua+Rezim.&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjr2YbpjLvuAhWL8XMBHf2YAjsQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=Natsir%3A%20Politik%20Santun%20di%20antara%20Dua%20Rezim.&f=false |publisher = KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia) bakarajo samo jo Majalah ''[[Tempo (majalah)|Tempo]]'' |isbn = 978-979-91-0307-9 |ref = {{sfnRef|Idrus F. Shahab, dkk.|2008}} }} * {{cite news |title = Sumatra Barat Sambut Gelar Pahlawan Nasional Natsir |url = http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/nusa/2008/11/05/brk,20081105-144156,id.html |language = Indonesia |work = [[Tempo Interaktif|Majalah Tempo Interaktif]] |date = 5 November 2008 |accessdate = 27 Januari 2021 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151009021841/http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/nusa/2008/11/05/brk,20081105-144156,id.html |archivedate = 9 October 2015 |ref = {{sfnRef|Tempo|5 November 2008}} }} {{refend}} {{Refend}} 91swb2nqh33j3ruma9k3ix2y6vqge13 Operasi Varsity 0 98719 729240 711503 2026-09-26T19:06:38Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729240 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Operasi Varsity''' nyaéta salah sahiji stratégi nu dipaké dina [[Perang Dunia II]], tanggal 23 Maret 1945. Ieu operasi dirancang ku pasukan Sekutu ngaliwatan gempuran jalur udara, pikeun ngamankeun jeung ngawasa wewengkon Jerman Kulon.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.warhistoryonline.com/world-war-ii/10-important-facts-about-operation-varsity.html|title=10 Important Facts About Operation Varsity - Crossing of the Rhine|last=Fishel|first=Heather|website=WAR HISTORY ONLINE|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933334394|title=Figure 1.1. Investment had already been weakening before it was hit by the crisis|website=dx.doi.org|accessdate=2019-12-31}}</ref> == Kasang Tukang == [[Gambar:Operation Varsity map.JPG|jmpl|Péta rarancang operasi]] Dina bulan Maret 1945, pasukan Sekutu geus maju ka Jérman jeung geus hasil nepi ka walungan Rhine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://europeremembers.com/destination/the-crossing-of-the-rhine-operation-plunder-and-operation-varsity/|title=The crossing of the Rhine: Operation Plunder and Operation Varsity|website=Europe Remembers|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> Rhine téh mangsula walungan nu jadi rintangan alami kalawan matak susah pikeun kamajuan Sekutu.<ref name=":1" /> Tapi lamun éta walungan bisa dipeuntasan, bakal ngamungkinkeun Sekutu pikeun ngaksés Dataran Jérman Kalér jeung ahirna tuluy maju ka Bérlin jeung kota-kota gedé lianna di Jérman Kalér.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://europeremembers.com/destination/the-crossing-of-the-rhine-operation-plunder-and-operation-varsity/|title=The crossing of the Rhine: Operation Plunder and Operation Varsity|website=Europe Remembers|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> Sanggeus ngalakukeun "Pendekatan Front Lega" anu ditetepkeun ku Jenderal Dwight David Einsenhowe, Panglima Pangluhurna Sekutu tina Pasukan Ekspedisi Sekutu, diputuskeun pikeun nyobaan nembus walungan Rhine di sababara titik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://europeremembers.com/destination/the-crossing-of-the-rhine-operation-plunder-and-operation-varsity/|title=The crossing of the Rhine: Operation Plunder and Operation Varsity|website=Europe Remembers|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> Kadua divisi ngan reueuh tina pangperangan salila dua bulan, sanggeus réa nu jadi korban di Ardennes, Belgia.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/hitlers-nighmare-operation-varsity-was-allies%E2%80%99-biggest%E2%80%94and-last%E2%80%94airborne-operation-world|title=Hitler's Nighmare: Operation Varsity was the Allies’ Biggest—and Last—Airborne Operation of World War II|last=Network|first=Warfare History|website=The National Interest|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020060955/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/hitlers-nighmare-operation-varsity-was-allies%E2%80%99-biggest%E2%80%94and-last%E2%80%94airborne-operation-world |date=2020-10-20 }}</ref> Pikeun mastikeun ieu operasi sangkan suksés, Montgomery maksa sangkan komponén nu aya di udara diasupkeun kana rencana operasi, pikeun ngadukung serangan amfibi nu rék dilakukeun, tuluy ieu rencana dingaranan Operasi Varsity. Aya tilu divisi udara anu mimitina dipilih pikeun ilubiung dina ieu operasi, nyapta Divisi Airborne ka-6 Britania Raya, Divisi Udara ka-13 Amérika, jeung Divisi Udara ka-17 A.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armyhistory.org/operation-varsity-the-last-airborne-deployment-of-world-war-ii/|title=Operation VARSITY: The Last Airborne Deployment of World War II – The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army|last=Admin|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/20/a2213920.shtml|title=BBC - WW2 People's War - Operation Varsity|website=www.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> == Operasi Udara Panggedéna dina Perang Dunia II == [[Gambar:GLIDER TROOPS AFTER LANDING NEAR WESEL (Operation Varsity).jpg|jmpl|Tentara nu anyar nepi ka darat di deukeut Wesel]] Pasukan Sekutu anu geus ngumpul di sapanjang walungan Rhine ngalancarkeun invasina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2018/12/26/operation-varsity-last-allied-airborne-operation-of-wwii/|title=Operation Varsity: Last Allied Airborne Operation of WWII|website=Warfare History Network|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319035100/https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2018/12/26/operation-varsity-last-allied-airborne-operation-of-wwii/ |date=2020-03-19 }}</ref> Sababaraha jam satuluyna, éta serangan téh jadi leuwih badag dua tikelan waktu pasukan darat diabantuan ku operasi udara kalawan aksi anu katémbong hébat pisan. Aya kapal-kapal udara, pasukan terjun payung, jeung tentara anu leuwih réa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2019/01/21/the-birdmen-of-varsity/|title=The Birdmen of Varsity|website=Warfare History Network|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319034458/https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2019/01/21/the-birdmen-of-varsity/ |date=2020-03-19 }}</ref> Kalawan leuwih ti 16.000 juru terjun payung jeung mangrébu kapal udara.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paradata.org.uk/event/rhine-crossing-operation-varsity|title=Rhine Crossing (Operation Varsity) {{!}} ParaData|website=www.paradata.org.uk|accessdate=2020-03-19}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319034035/https://www.paradata.org.uk/event/rhine-crossing-operation-varsity |date=2020-03-19 }}</ref> Ngan dina waktu sapoé, ieu serangan udara téh hasil mantuan pasukan Sekutu pikeun ngamankeun kaunggulanana di darta, jeung bisa ngawasa kota, désa jeung bénténg penting di Jérman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2018/12/26/operation-varsity-last-allied-airborne-operation-of-wwii/|title=Operation Varsity: Last Allied Airborne Operation of WWII|website=Warfare History Network|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319035100/https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2018/12/26/operation-varsity-last-allied-airborne-operation-of-wwii/ |date=2020-03-19 }}</ref> Operasi Varsiti dianggap leuwih ti suksés, kalawan mangrupa kajadian sajarah, anu pinuh ku taktik jeung momen anu matak nineung. Pasukan Amérika geus meuntas walungan Rhine di dua lokasi nalika Marshal Inggris, Bernard Law Montgomery ngalakukeun serangan ti kalér.<ref name=":0" />[[File:OperationVarsity1945.svg|thumb|The [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] disposition in [[western Europe]] by March 1945.]] Operasi Varsity nurut kana paréntah anu béda tina rencana mimiti, nyaéta Operasi Plunder, sanajan duanana mangrupa upaya gabungan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.fold3.com/operation-varsity-the-last-airborne-deployment-of-wwii/|title=Operation Varsity: The Last Airborne Deployment of WWII|website=Fold3 Blog|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> Rencanana mah pikeun ngaganggu rupa-rupa pertahanan Jérman pikeun ngamankeun wilayah kalawan gancang. Ieu operasi maksudna pikeun ngadukung jeung mantuan pasukan darat Sekutu sangkan nepi kana tujuanana.<ref name=":0" /> Upaya gabungan dua operasi éta jadi tanda dua pasukan nyerang walungan Rhine salila leuwih ti saabad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.fold3.com/operation-varsity-the-last-airborne-deployment-of-wwii/|title=Operation Varsity: The Last Airborne Deployment of WWII|website=Fold3 Blog|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> Upaya sarupa kitu téh kungsi dipingpin ku Napoléon Bonaparté dina taun 1805, sarta hasil.<ref name=":0" /> Divisi tempur Amerika pikeun éta serangan udara ka-17 téh diparéntah ku MG William M. (Bud) Miley, saurang perwira udara véteran anu kungsi ngajabat minangka asisten komandan divisi Airborne ka-82 waktu dipingpin ku Ridgway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.armyhistory.org/ahf2.aspx?pgID=877&id=139&exCompID=56|title=Virtual Library|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2019-12-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201185145/http://www.armyhistory.org/ahf2.aspx?pgID=877&id=139&exCompID=56|archivedate=2010-12-01}}</ref> Sababaraha pihak naksir yén tahapan éta serangan udara téh sabenerna mah hasilna teu diperlukeun pieun operasi dina sagemblengna. Montgomery dituduh ngagunakeun pasukan udara pikeun "némbongkeun aksi nu panghadéna" sarta pikeun ngaronjatkeun réputasina sorangan. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.historynet.com/operation-varsity-allied-airborne-assault-over-the-rhine-river.htm|title=Operation Varsity: Allied Airborne Assault Over the Rhine River|last=By|website=HistoryNet|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-31}}</ref> Hitler teu balangah-balangah teuing aya paguntrengan dina barisan tentara Sekutu. Tapi manéhna salah, lantaran geus mikir éta paguntrengan téh bakal jadi matak kacowna hubungan di antara pasukan Sekutu. Manéhna ngadodoho waktu anu pas pikeun ngaluncurkeun sanjata superna, saperi bom V-1 jeung misil gedé V-2, tapi teu kungsi kajadian.<ref name=":1" /> <br /> == Taktik Terjun Payung == [[Gambar:C-47 transport planes release hundreds of paratroops.jpg|jmpl|Ratusan kapal udara ngangkut tentara]] Dina operasi ieu téh mimiti kajadian pasukan terjun payung bakal turun di zona nu teu dijamin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.warhistoryonline.com/world-war-ii/10-important-facts-about-operation-varsity.html|title=10 Important Facts About Operation Varsity - Crossing of the Rhine|last=Fishel|first=Heather|website=WAR HISTORY ONLINE|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> Alatan kitu, para juru terjun payun kudu ngalakukeun pendaratan taktis sangkan ngabingungkeun musuh kana arah ti mana serangan utama bakal datang sarta pikeun ngamungkinkeun pasukan turun dina tempat anu deukeut pisan kana tujuanana.<ref name=":2" /> Ieu taktik anyar téh geus dipangaruhan ku eusi tina dokumen Jérman anu kungsi katéwak saméméhna, dina bulan Désémber 1944. Dina dokumén éta kapanggih kasalahan jeung kagagalan Sekutu pikeun neundeun kakuatan maksimum nu aya dina tanggal 17 Séptémber, lilana ngawangun pasukan, nuturkeun gaya perang saméméhna, jeung ruteu anu sarua.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.warhistoryonline.com/world-war-ii/10-important-facts-about-operation-varsity.html|title=10 Important Facts About Operation Varsity - Crossing of the Rhine|last=Fishel|first=Heather|website=WAR HISTORY ONLINE|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> Ku kagagalan éta, ngamungkinkeun Jérman pieun museurkeun pasukan jeung ngatur serangan balik kalawan gancang.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.armyflying.com/|title=75th Anniversary of Operation Varsity {{!}} Army Flying Museum|website=www.armyflying.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.fold3.com/operation-varsity-the-last-airborne-deployment-of-wwii/|title=Operation Varsity: The Last Airborne Deployment of WWII|website=Fold3 Blog|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-19}}</ref> ==Rujukan== {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Kajadian]] [[Kategori:Perang Dunya II]] 7pubfoo4xyo92vxlvyohzd4083fsjb8 Situ Dal 0 98745 729296 673152 2026-09-26T23:31:59Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Situ Dal | image = Dal Lake Hazratbal Srinagar.jpg | caption_bathymetry = | basin_countries = India | location = [[Srinagar]], [[Kashmir|Jammu jeung Kashmir]], [[India]] | coords = {{Coord|34|07|N|74|52|E|region:IN_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | lake_type = [[Situ monomik]] | inflow = Kanal asup Telbal Nallah ti Situ Marsar −291.9 juta méter kubik | outflow = Kaatur, dua kanal (Gerbang Dal jeung Nalla Amir) – 275.6 juta méter kubik | catchment = {{convert|316|km2|mi2}} | length = {{convert|7.44|km|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|3.5|km|abbr=on}} | area = {{convert|18|-|22|km2|mi2}} | depth = {{convert|1.42|m|ft}} | max-depth = {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | volume = {{convert|983|e6m3}} | residence_time = 22,16 poé | shore = {{convert|15.5|km|abbr=on}} | elevation = {{convert|1583|m|ft|abbr=on}} | islands = Dua (Sona Lank jeung Rupa Lank (atawa [[Char Chinar]])) | cities = [[Hazratbal]], Srinagar | frozen = Salila usum tiris | caption = Pamandangan Situ Dal jeung [[Char Chinar]] }} [[File:Dal Lake landscape reflection, Srinagar, Kashmir, India.jpg|150px|thumb|Pamandangan Situ Dal jeung [[Pagununggan Himalaya]].]] [[File:Dal-See OpenStreetMap.svg|150px|thumb|Peta Situ Dal]] '''Situ Dal''' nyaéta hiji [[situ]] anu aya di [[Srinagar]], nagara bagian [[Kashmir|Jammu jeung Kashmir]], [[India]]. Situ ieu kawentar ku kaéndahanana, malahan mah ieu situ dilandi "sawarga di bumi India" jeung "intan makuta Srinagar". Situ ieu perenahna kira-kira 25 [[kilométer]] di Kota Srinagar, puseur dayeuh nagara bagian Jammu jeung Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beautifulworld.com/asia/india/dal-lake/|title=Dal Lake Facts & Information - Beautiful World Travel Guide|last=World|first=Beautiful|website=Facts & Information - Beautiful World Travel Guide|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-02}}</ref> Situ Dal mangrupa situ kadua panggedéna di nagara bagian éta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/asi/asi-38.html|title=DAL LAKE|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516000850/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/asi/asi-38.html|archivedate=2012-05-16}}</ref> Situ Dal sok dijadikeun tempat syuting pilem Bollywood, babaraha filmanu kungsi syuting di dieu nyaéta ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan,''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://steemit.com/photography/@ravik2492/jab-tak-hai-jaan-shoot-picture-at-dal-lake-kashmir-movie|title=Jab tak hai jaan shoot picture at Dal lake, kashmir - movie|last=Ago|first=Ravik2492in Photography • 2 Years|website=Steemit|language=en|accessdate=2020-01-03}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> ''Mission Kashmir,''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kashmirhouseboat.com/shikara-boat-tour.html|title=Kashmir House Boat|website=kashmirhouseboat.com|accessdate=2020-01-03}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103102959/http://kashmirhouseboat.com/shikara-boat-tour.html |date=2020-01-03 }}</ref><ref name=":3" /> ''Rockstar'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/8-films-that-make-us-crazy-about-kashmir/|title=9 films that make us crazy about Kashmir|website=Condé Nast Traveller India|language=en-IN|accessdate=2020-01-03}}</ref> jeung ''Notebook.''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/acehkini/naik-shikara-sembari-nikmati-keindahan-danau-dal-di-kashmir-1rawcvH8yKH|title=Naik 'Shikara' Sembari Nikmati Keindahan Danau Dal di Kashmir|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-01-03}}</ref> == Sajarah == Dina [[basa Sangsekerta]], Situ Dal disebut ''Mahasarit'' (महासरित्). Dumasar sajarah kuna Sangsekerta, aya hiji lembur anu ngaranna Isabar anu dicicingan ku [[Durga|Batari Durga]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cheria-travel.com/2013/04/danau-dal-surga-di-bumi-india.html|title=Danau Dal, Surga di Bumi India|website=Pelopor Wisata Halal Dunia|language=id|accessdate=2020-01-02}}</ref> Nalika India diparéntah ku [[Kakaisaran Mughal]], Situ Dal dijadikeun minangka tempat pikeun pakanci di usum panas. Kebon-kebon taraté dipelakan di pasisian situ, sarta taman-taman dijarieun, di antarana [[Shalimar Bagh|''Shalimar Bagh'']] jeung [[Nishar Bagh|''Nishar Bagh'']] anu dijieun nalika jaman Kaisar [[Jahangir]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The empire of the great Mughals : history, art and culture|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61751123|publisher=Reaktion Books|date=2004|location=London|isbn=1-86189-185-7|oclc=61751123|last=Schimmel, Annemarie, 1922-2003.}}</ref> Ti saprak Kaisar [[Aurangzeb]] tilar dunya di taun [[1707]], anu nyababkeun disintegrasi Kakaisaran Mughal, [[urang Pashtun]] di daérah sabudeureun situ jeung kota ngalobaan, sarta [[Kakaisaran Durrani]] [[Afghanistan]] maréntah Srinagar salila babaraha dékadeu. Tuluy di taun [[1814]], landeuh Kashmir, kaasup Srinagar, dianéksasi ku Raja Ranjit Singh ti [[Dogra Raj]], saenggeus kitu, urang Sikh ngalobaan di wewengkon ieu salila 27 taun. Salila Dogra Raj ngawasaan Kashmir, Srinagar dijadikeun puseur dayeuhna.<ref>{{cite book|author=Singh, Gulcharan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_TxuAAAAMAAJ&q=Durrani+Empire+srinagar&dq=Durrani+Empire+srinagar&cd=7|title=Ranjit Singh and his generals|publisher=Sujlana Publishers|year=1976|page=62}}</ref> Nalika mangsa [[Kamaharajaan Britania]], pamingpin Kashmir ngantepkeun [[Inggris]] datang ka Srinagar, tapi teu ngijinkeun Inggris pikeun ngawangun wangunan. Pikeun nyiasatan, Inggris maréntahkeun pikeun nyieun imah kapal anu méwah di luhureun cai anu matak maranéhna bisa nempo kaéndahan situ jeung pagunungan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kashmirihouseboats.com/index_files/Page322.htm|title=House boats on Dal Lake|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308181621/http://www.kashmirihouseboats.com/index_files/Page322.htm|archivedate=2007-03-08}}</ref> Ti saprak [[Kamerdékaan India|kamerdikaan India]], imah kapal ieu diwangun sarta dikokolakeun ku urang Hanji Kashmir, anu geus nyicingan ieu situ salila mangabad-abad, ngabudidayakeun taman apung, pasar apung, sarta gaya hirup anu unik di luhureun cai.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=Singh342>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Sarina|title= India, Lonely Planet India|work=Kashmir|page=342|accessdate=28 December 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fk8FQa2ZSFQC&pg=PA342&dq=House+boats+in+Kashmir+built+during+British+Raj&cd=2#v=onepage&q=&f=false|publisher= Lonely Planet |year=2005|isbn= 978-1-74059-694-7}}</ref> [[File:Dal Lake from Mughal Gardens.jpg|250px|thumb|Situ Dal katempo ti Taman Mughal]] == Pariwisata == === Taman Mughal === Di sisi-sisi situ, aya babaraha taman anu dijieun nalika jaman [[Kakaisaran Mughal]], sarta aya kénéh nepi ka kiwari, di antarana nyaéta Shalimar jeung Nirshat Bagh. Salian dua taman éta, aya ogé titinggal Kakaisaran Mughal anu séjénna, saperti Masjid Hazratbal, Situ Nigeen, Chashme Shahi, Hari Parbat, [[Kuil]] Shankaracharya, jeung komplék pamakaman Mughal anu ngaranna ''Muzar e Shura''.<ref name=":3" /> === Shikara === [[File:Dal Lake Srinagar beauty.jpg|150px|thumb|''Shikara'']] Di Situ Dal, urang bisa ngurilingan ieu situ maké parahu leutik anu ngaranna ''shikara. Shikara'' mangrupa parahu [[dayung]] leutik anu luhurna diterpalan. ''Shikara'' geus jadi ikon wisata anu kasohor di Situ Dal. Wisatawan bisa nyaba ka tempat-tempat wisata di sabudeureun situ maké ''shikara.'' Salian ti pikeun wisata, ''shikara'' ogé dijadikeun imah ku warga lokal.<ref name=":1" /> === Pasar apung === Di Situ Dal ogé aya pasar apung tina ''shikara.'' Biasana, pasar apung ieu buka kira-kira jam 5 subuh. Di luhur [[parahu]], biasana patani ngadagangkeu hasil panénna. Kadang ogé aya nu [[barter]] barang daganganna. Saliah ti hasil tatanén, di pasar apung ogé sok didagangkeun cinderamata anu unik jeung antik pikeun wisatawan.<ref name=":1" /> == Hidrologi == [[File:Dal Lake, Crown Of India.jpg|150px|thumb|Pamandangan Situ Dal]] Situ Dal miboga lega 18 kilométer pasagi, sarta jerona 6 méter anu pangjerona. 18 kilométer ieu kaasup aréa tanah baseuh anu legana 21,1 kilométer pasagi.<ref name=":1" /> Dina tanah baseuh éta, aya taman apung anu dina basa Kashmiri disebut "Rad" tumuwuh ku kembang [[Taraté|lotus]] ti bulan [[Juli]] nepi ka [[Agustus]]. Situ ieu kabagi ogé jadi opat legok (basin), nyaéta ''Gagribal'', ''Lokut Dal'', ''Bod Dal'' jeung ''Nigeen.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kashmir-tourism.com/jammu-kashmir-lakes-dal-lake.htm|title=WebCite query result|website=www.webcitation.org|accessdate=2020-01-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429154412/http://kashmir-tourism.com/jammu-kashmir-lakes-dal-lake.htm|archivedate=2012-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/jun/30/slide-show-1-dying-pride-of-kashmir.htm|title=Restoring the Dal lake to its original glory|website=Rediff|language=en|accessdate=2020-01-02}}</ref> Babaraha bagian situ ieu beku nalika usum tiris.<ref name=":3" /> Di beulah kaléh situ, aya susukan anu masok kira-kira 80 persén cai ka situ ieu. Sedengkeun di kulon-kiduleun Situ Dal, aya susukan anu ngocorkeun cai kaluar ka anak [[Walungan Jhelum]]. Paralel jeung susukan nu tadi, aya kanal anu dilapisan ku batu anu ngahubungkeun situ jeung anak walungan. Kanal ieu digunakeun pikeun kaluar-asupna kapal sarta nyegah taman apung kakeueum nalika [[caah]].<ref name=":0" /> Kadieunakeun, kualitas cai di Situ Dal beuki goréng di dua [[dékadeu]] ahir ieu. Daérah sisi anu lega geus diréklamasi sarta geus dijieun jadi taman apung. Hotél-hotél jeung pamodokan diwarangun di sisi situ. Hal ieu nyababkeun limbah dipariceunan ka situ tanpa diolah heula, anu antukna ngotoran lingkungan, jeung nimbulkeun masalah kaséhatan.<ref name=":0" /> Masalah lingkungan utama nyaéta tumuwuhna gulma anu loba teuing, cai anu geus teu hérang deui, sarta aktivitas mikroba anu réa. ''Proyék Pengembangan Situ Dal'' dijieun di taun [[1978]] sarta [[Pamaréntah]] [[Kashmir|Jammu jeung Kashmir]] ngadopsi kalawan babaraha modifikasi. Dorongan utama di proyék ieu nyaéta pikeun menerkeun [[lingkungan]] situ maké ''pendekatan fisik jeung biologis''. Kiwari, proyék ieu keur lumangsung.<ref name=":0" /> == Galéri == <gallery> File:DAL LAKE SHIKARA.jpg|''Shikara'' di Situ Dal File:Dal Lake LillyGarden.jpg|Taman taraté File:Dal Lake srinagar kashmir.jpg|Situ Dal nalika peuting </gallery> == Tingali ogé == [[Situ]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Situ]] [[Kategori:Situ di India]] ihizycrfmzg6xlkwlz141cclmifcuvz Kalayar 0 98749 729111 684953 2026-09-26T12:32:27Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox | color = lightgreen |name =Kalayar |image =File:Trichosanthes tricuspidata Blanco2.460-original.png |image_caption = Gambar areuy jeung buah kalayar |regnum =''Plantae'' |divisio =''Tracheophyta'' |classis = |ordo =''Cucurbitales'' |familia =''Cucurbitaceae'' |genus =''Trichosanthes'' |species =''Trichosanthes pubera'' |binomial =''Trichosanthes pubera'' |binomial_authority = "|synonyms =''Trichosanthes bracteata var. pubera (Blume) Cogn; Trichosanthes rubriflos Thorel" |}}'' '''Kalayar'''; baduyut; gontang; ''Trichosanthes Pubera'' nyaéta tangkal nu ngarambat asalna tina kulawarga ''Cucurbitaceae''. <ref name=“Justus”/><ref name=“Kaliage”/><ref name=“Kalayar”>{{Cite web| url = https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p00313090?lang=en_US| title = Trichosanthes pubera Blume subsp. rubriflos (Cayla) Duyfjes & Pruesapan| date = 25-12-2019| accessdate = 25-12-2019| work = Online taxonomics references| year = 2019| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20250603204126/https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p00313090?lang=en_US| archivedate = 2025-06-03}}</ref> Loba kapanggih hirup di Pulo [[Kalimantan]], Pulo [[Sumatra]], jeung pulo [[Jawa]].<ref name=“Kaliage”/><ref name=“baduyut”>{{Cite book | title =Aanteekeningen over het nut, door de bewoners van Java, aan eenige planten van dat eiland toegeschreven, uit berigten der inlanders zamengesteld| first =J.K| last =Haskarl| publisher =Universitas Oxford| location =Amsterdam| year =1845| pages =4|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=zBUEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=leucoxylon+Buxifolium&source=bl&ots=hGPU38nyTo&sig=ACfU3U08H3qADX0Dg9OEZ_FyHzO2Ir26pQ&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-0vPGvNPmAhXPXSsKHe72AhwQ6AEwD3oECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=leucoxylon%20Buxifolium&f=false|accessdate=3 Januari 2020}}</ref> Spesies séjéna katiténan hirup ogé di [[Thailand]], [[Vietnam]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], [[Pilipina]], [[India]], [[Nepal]], jeung [[Cina]].<ref name=“JSTOR”>{{Cite web | url = https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.k000102018| title = Trichosanthes pubera Blume subsp. rubriflos (Cayla) Duyfjes & Pruesapan [family CUCURBITACEAE]| date = 1. Januari 2020| accessdate = 1. Januari 2020| work =Global plats| year =2019}}</ref><ref name=“Pubera”>{{Cite web | url = http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77066730-1| title = Trichosanthes pubera Blume subsp. rubriflos (Cayla) Duyfjes & Pruesapan| date = 1. Januari 2020| accessdate = 1. Januari 2020| work =KewSince| year =2019}}</ref><ref name=“Rugayah”/><ref name=“Umberto”>{{Cite book | title =CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology (5 Volume Set)| first =Umberto| last = Quattrocchi| publisher =CRC Press| location =Francis| year =2016| pages =3791|ISBN=9781482250640|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-37OBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3791&lpg=PA3791&dq=Trichosanthes+Pubera&source=bl&ots=8hNDtu6j2X&sig=ACfU3U3vjupMCm_50BCC_40_UCkMHEgMdg&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtwc-MweLmAhXCV30KHYDaA6EQ6AEwEnoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Trichosanthes%20Pubera&f=false|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref name=“Friedrich”>{{Cite book | title =Flora nederlandsch Indie, Volume 1| first =Friedrich| last = Anton Wilhelm Miquel| publisher =Van der Post| location =Universitas Ghent| year =1855| pages =675|ISBN=|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=nxwPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA675&dq=Trichosanthes+Pubera&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjoocL83eLmAhWLbX0KHfaKAmo4ChDoAQgrMAA#v=onepage&q=Trichosanthes%20Pubera&f=false|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref> Buah kalayar mah henteu bisa dikonsumsi, sanajan kitu areuy/sulur kalayar bisa dimangpaatkeun pikeun ngubaran ceuli [[torék]].<ref name=“Justus”/> Sulur atawa areuyna di teukteuk, geutah nu nyakclakanna tulus dikecerkeun kana liang ceuli.<ref name=“Justus”>{{Cite book | title =Aanteekeningen over het nut, door de Bewoners van Java aan eenige planten van dat Eiland toegeschreven, uit berigten der inlanders zamengesteld| first =Justus| last =Justus Karl Haßkarl| publisher =Müller| location =Müller| year =1845| pages =6|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=NEI-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=Trichosanthes+Pubera&source=bl&ots=hITEhfvUel&sig=ACfU3U3NxhH_Leu3YkRpp5LSlYLmOIQrLQ&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ79-lkeXmAhUR73MBHX19CLg4KBDoATAAegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=Trichosanthes%20Pubera&f=false|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref> ==Ciri mandiri== Tangkalna/areuy ngarambat panjang bisa nepika 20 méter, gedé areuyna 2-5 mm.<ref name=“Kaliage”/> Buahna baruleud kawas [[endog]] gedéna 4-6 cm, lonyod katungtungna 2-5 mm.<ref name=“Kaliage”/> Buahna mimiti bijil kelirna héjo, mun geus manjing kolot/gumading robah jadi semu konéng, robah deui jadi beureum mangsa geus asak/kolot.<ref name=“Kaliage”/> Kembangna nokturnal, mimiti ligar mangsa surup panon poé tuluy kuncup deui mangsa [[panonpoé]] geus nyorot deui. <ref name=“Thai”>{{Cite book| title =Aanteekeningen over het nut, door de Bewoners van Java aan eenige planten van dat Eiland toegeschreven, uit berigten der inlanders zamengesteld| first =Thai| last =For Bull| publisher =National herarium nederland| location =Bangkok herbarium| year =2004| pages =5| ISBN =4953843| url =http://frc.forest.ku.ac.th/frcdatabase/bulletin/Document/ThaiForestBulletin32_007.pdf| accessdate =1 Januari 2020| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200102174214/http://frc.forest.ku.ac.th/frcdatabase/bulletin/Document/ThaiForestBulletin32_007.pdf| archive-date =2020-01-02}}</ref> Daging buahna konéng tur [[Siki|sikina]] [[hideung]], wujudna lonyod gedéna 1-2 mm.<ref name=“Thai1”>{{Cite book| title =Aanteekeningen over het nut, door de Bewoners van Java aan eenige planten van dat Eiland toegeschreven, uit berigten der inlanders zamengesteld| first =Thai| last =For Bull| publisher =National herarium nederland| location =Bangkok herbarium| year =2004| pages =5| url =http://frc.forest.ku.ac.th/frcdatabase/bulletin/Document/ThaiForestBulletin32_007.pdf| accessdate =1 Januari 2020| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200102174214/http://frc.forest.ku.ac.th/frcdatabase/bulletin/Document/ThaiForestBulletin32_007.pdf| archive-date =2020-01-02}}</ref> Kalayar kaasup kana pepelakan ''monokarposa'' di mana geus bérés buahan umurna tara lila sulurna sok paéh, bijil deui sirung anyar téh kaluar tina bonggol atawa beutina.<ref name=“Thai”/><ref name=“Kaliage”>{{Cite web | url = https://www.virboga.de/Trichosanthes_tricuspidata.htm| title = Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. | date = 43828| accessdate = 1. Januari 2020| work =Virboga| year =2019}}</ref> ==Spesies== Kalayar nu aya di [[Jawa]] sahenteuna aya kana 10 [[spesies]], geus ditaluntik ti taun 1826 Backer nu tayalian: # ''Trichosanthes coriacea'' # ''Trichosanthes cucumerina'' # ''Trichosanthes aguina'' # ''Trichosanthes globosa'' # ''Trichosanthes grandifora (Kalayar badak)'' # ''Trichosanthes ovigera'' # ''Trichosanthes vilosa'' # ''Trichosanthes trifoliata'' # ''Trichosanthes tricuspidata'' # ''Trichosanthes Pubera'' (Kalayar beureum)<ref name=“Rugayah”>{{Cite book | title =Trichoshantes (Cucurbitaceae) in Java| first =Rugyah| last =Rugyah| publisher =Journal| location =Naturalis| year =1997| pages =3|url=https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/564910|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref name=“John”>{{Cite book | title =Index to the Native and Scientific Names of Indian and Other Eastern Economic Plants and Products ...| first =John| last = Forbes Watson| publisher =Trübner| location =California university| year =1868| pages =239|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=p1Q7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA239&dq=Trichosanthes+Pubera&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiv9ujs3OLmAhVCb30KHVtBBygQ6AEIMzAB#v=onepage&q=Trichosanthes%20Pubera&f=false|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref> <gallery caption="Kalayar ti mimiti buahan"> File:Trichosanthes tricuspidata (7787046346).jpg|Areuy Kalayar File:A Beautiful flower of snake gourd plant (Trichosanthes cucumerina).jpg|Kembang kalayar File:Trichosanthes napoiensis and Trichosanthes pedata habit and seeds (Trichosanthes pedata C D).jpg|Kalayar ngora File:Trichosanthes bracteata.jpg|Kalayar geus asak File:Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds.jpg|Siki buah kalayar </gallery> ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist|2}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Cucurbitaceae]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] 498liv17k765dzbpjso537pw2t98amo Patung Liberty 0 98901 729264 711786 2026-09-26T20:21:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox historic site|name=Patung Liberty|designation2_free1name=Ditetapkan oleh|designation1_type=Budaya|designation1_criteria=i, vi|designation1_number=[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307 307]|designation1_free1name=Wilayah|designation1_free1value=Amerika Serikat|designation1_free2name=Kawasan|designation1_free2value=[[Daftar Situs Warisan Dunia di Amerika|Amerika]]|designation2=NMON|designation2_date=15 Oktober 1924|designation2_free1value=Presiden [[Calvin Coolidge]]<ref name="NPS monuments">{{cite web | publisher = National Park Service | title = National Monument Proclamations under the Antiquities Act | date = 16 Januari 2003 | url = http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/hisnps/NPSHistory/monuments.htm | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111025111325/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/hisnps/NPSHistory/monuments.htm | archivedate = 2011-10-25 | accessdate = 12 Oktober 2011 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701143707/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/hisnps/NPSHistory/monuments.htm |date=2014-07-01 }}</ref>|designation1=WHS|designation3=NRHP|designation3_offname=[[Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island]]|designation3_date=15 Oktober 1966<ref name="NPS 2994 p502"> {{cite book | author = National Park Service | title = National Register of Historic Places, 1966–1994: Cumulative List Through January&nbsp;1, 1994 | url = https://archive.org/details/nationalregister00amer | publisher = National Park Service | location = Washington DC | year = 1994 | page = [https://archive.org/details/nationalregister00amer/page/502 502] | isbn = 978-0-89133-254-1 }} </ref>|designation3_number=66000058|designation4=NJRHP|designation4_date=27 Mei 1971|designation4_number=1535<ref name=NJRHP>{{cite web | title=New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places – Hudson County | url= http://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists.htm | publisher=[[New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection]] – Historic Preservation Office | page= | date= | accessdate= 2 Agustus 2014}}</ref>|designation5=NYC Landmark|designation5_date=14 September 1976<ref name="neighborhoodpreservationcenter">{{cite web | title = Statue of Liberty National Monument | date = 14 September 1976 | publisher = New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission | url = http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/STATUE-OF-LIBERTY.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 12 Oktober 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311192502/http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/STATUE-OF-LIBERTY.pdf |date=11 March 2014 }}</ref>|designation1_date=1984 <small>(sesi ke-8)</small>|governing_body=[[National Park Service]]|image=Statue of Liberty 7.jpg|long_direction=W|caption=|location=[[Pulau Liberty]]<br />[[Manhattan]], [[Kota New York]],<br />[[New York]],<ref name="NPS StLi"> {{cite web | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | title = Statue of Liberty National Monument | date = 31 Desember 2007 | url = http://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm | accessdate = 12 Oktober 2011 }} </ref> [[Amerika Serikat]]|lat_degrees=40|lat_minutes=41|lat_seconds=21|lat_direction=N|long_degrees=74|long_minutes=2|long_seconds=40|coord_parameters=region:US-NY_type:landmark_scale:5000|visitation_ref=<ref name="Schneiderman 2010-06-28"> {{cite news | last = Schneiderman | first = R.M. | date = 28 Juni 2010 | title = For tourists, Statue of Liberty is nice, but no Forever 21 | newspaper = The Wall Street Journal | url = http://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2010/06/28/for-tourists-statue-of-liberty-is-no-forever-21/ | accessdate = 12 Oktober 2011 }} </ref>|locmapin=New York City|map_caption=Lokasi dari Patung Liberty di [[New York Harbor]], [[Kota New York]]|elevation={{plainlist | * Dari dasar patung hingga puncak: {{convert|151|ft|1|in|0|abbr=off|sp=us}} * Dari tanah hingga puncak: {{convert|305|ft|1|in|0|abbr=off|sp=us}} }}|beginning_label=Diresmikan|beginning_date=28 Oktober 1886|restored=1938, 1984–1986, 2011–2012|sculptor=[[Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi]]|visitation_num=3,2 juta|visitation_year=2009|designation5_type=Individual}} '''Patung Liberty''' (judul sejen dina {{Lang-en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}, {{Lang-fr|La Liberté éclairant le monde}}) patung buta nu aya dina pulo liberty di muara Hudson di New York harbor, [[Amérika Sarikat]]. Patung ieu dileler [[Perancis]] ka Amérika Sarikat dina ahir [[Abad ka-11|abad ka-19]] jeung simbol ngabagéakeun nu datang, imigran jeung Amerika balik. Patung perunggu diresmikeun dina [[28 Oktober|28 oktober,]] [[1886]] ieu nyaéta kado saratus taun kamerdikaan Amérika Sarikat jeung hiji ekspresi silaturahim antara dua nagara.{{Sfn|Khan|2010|p=176}} nu mahat patung ieu Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, jeung Gustave Eiffel (desainer [[Munara Eiffel|tina Tower Eiffel]]) dirancang struktur pangrojong jero. Patung Liberty nyaéta salah sahiji simbul tina AS nu paling kawentar dina sakabeh dunya, sarta melambangkan kamerdikaan jeung kabebasan ti tekenan. Dina taun 1984, Patung Liberty dina daptar [[Loka Warisan Dunya|Loka Warisan Dunya UNESCO]].<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307|title=Statue of Liberty|website=World Heritage|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=20 Oktober 2011}}</ref> == Rujukan == === catatan kaki === {{Reflist}} === Daftar pustaka === * {{Cite book|last=Khan|first=Yasmin Sabina|year=2010|title=Enlightening the World: The Creation of the Statue of Liberty|url=https://archive.org/details/enlighteningworl00khan|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, New York|isbn=978-0-8014-4851-5|ref=harv}} == Tumbu luar == * {{En icon}} [http://www.nps.gov/stli/ Statue of Liberty National Monument - National Park Service] * {{En icon}} [http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/hh/11/index.htm The official Historical Site handbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609182435/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/hh/11/index.htm |date=2007-06-09 }} * {{En icon}} [http://manhattan.about.com/od/historyandlandmarks/a/statueofliberty.htm/ History of the Statue of Liberty - About.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617081148/http://manhattan.about.com/od/historyandlandmarks/a/statueofliberty.htm |date=2006-06-17 }} * {{En icon}} [http://www.libertycam.com/ Statue Of Liberty Webcam Live] 9lv50s0lrjg1yvt4b1ykuzxatqerrb3 Karangan kembang 0 98923 729160 676052 2026-09-26T12:58:03Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729160 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karangan kembang''' asalna ti sanggem dasar karangan,nyaéta pelbagai macem kembang anu disusun sarta diatur barobah kaayaan hiji wangun anu endah,tawis omongan wilujeng,kanggo hiasan atawa tawis turut berduka cipta. hiji runtuyan ti sagala rupa macem kembang potong anu dibeungkeut barobah kaayaan hiji susunan anu endah sarta raos kanggo ditingali. Karangan Kembang sorangan tangtos na bade mempercantik rohangan & dekorasi lianna anu dawam anjeun hiasi kalawan kembang. Di [[Indonésia|indonesia]] sorangan karangan bunga<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divabunga.com/karangan-bunga/|title=Karangan Bunga Duka Cita Pernikahan & Wisuda Pesan Sekarang|website=Toko Bunga Karangan Bunga Rangkaian Bunga Buket Bunga Papan|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921000259/https://divabunga.com/karangan-bunga/|archivedate=2020-09-21}}</ref> atau karangan kembang di anggo minangka media kanggo mikeun pamadegan atawa ajen anu dawam di pigawe. sepertos turut berduka cipta ,karangan happy wedding dugi karangan kembang wisuda.di manten kembang barobah kaayaan Komunikasi Ekspresif yaktos mengemukakeun atawa mengungkapakeun rarasaan atawa emosi liwat talatah talatah non verbal. Janten kumaha saurang ngungkab rarasaan na liwat sababaraha lambang anu ngawakilan saban-saban perasaanya. Wanci saurang ngado atawa bakal mengungkapakeun persaaan,banayak rupi kembang anu bermacam sarta kitu metot. Umumna urang pilih kembang anu nurutkeun urang nu mawi endah tanpa aya teurang naon hartos ti kembang anu beunang. Aya paripaos “say it with flower” anu bermakna kembang dianggo minangka hiji diantara wangun komunikasi anu dimaksud kalawan komunikasi ekspresif. Manawi waé sapalih jalmi tak resep dina kembang. Nanging hiji jalma rencang tangtos na bade kitu resep tampi karangan kembang. Henteu perduli kembang éta hartina positip atawa negatif,kembang awis atawa sumawonten ogé kembang ti ranca-ranca sanaos,anjeunna angger bakal nampi na kalawan resep hate. Kembang Edelweiss tiasa dibikeun kanggo ngomong hatur nuhun luhur support anu beunang hiji jalma rencang,atawa kanggo tunjukkeun lamun Anjeun kitu ngajenan kebaikan rencang Anjeun. == Referensi == <references /> [[Kategori:Bunga]] [[Kategori:Kembang]] bbuec6abpwj08h4po5n9j69dxclyhc6 Karéta api Bandara Internasional Adi Soemarmo 0 98930 729173 707278 2026-09-26T13:13:08Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail line | box_width = | name = Karéta api Bandara Internasional Adi Soemarmo | image = KA BANDARA DI SOLO BALAPAN.jpg | caption = KA BIAS di Stasion Solo Balapan | class = Éksékutip Komutér Bandara | stock = | locale = Daop 6 jogja | system = Karéta api Bandara | status = Beroperasi | open = 29 Désémber 2019 | close = | owner = [[Kereta Api Indonesia|PT Kereta Api Indonesia]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi VI Yogyakarta]] | termini = [[Stasion Klatén|Klatén]]<br>[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan]]<br>[[Stasion Bandara Adi Soemarmo|Bandara Adi Soemarmo]] | character = | gauge = 1.067 mm | el = | elevation = | stations = | speed = 40-150 km/jam }} '''Karéta api Bandara Internasional Adi Soemarmo''' (disingkat '''KA BIAS''', kadang disebut ogé '''KA Bandara BIAS''') nyaéta layanan karéta bandara anu dioperasikeun ku Daérah Operasi VI Yogyakarta PT Kereta Api Indonesia relasi [[Stasion Solo Balapan]] nuju ka [[Stasion Bandara Adi Soemarmo]] jeung sabalikna. Paresmian karéta ieu sempat ditunda ti mimitina dina 20 Désémber 2019, diundur nepi 28 Désémber 2019 sabab masih aya sabaraha spot anu acan tuntas, nepi dina tanggal 29 Désémber 2019. Layanan karéta ieu diresmikeun ku Menteri Perhubungan sareng patinggi PT. KAI jeung [[Angkasa Pura I]], sareng kapala daérah satempat. Bareng jeung paresmian éta, PT KAI ogé ngahartiskeun tarip KA BIAS nepi Fébruari 2020 sareng sistem meuli tiket langsung di tempat (''Go show''). == Ruteu Lalampahan == Karéta Bandara ieu mimiti ti stasion husus karéta bandara anu pererahna di péron kalér Stasion Solo Balapan. Sanggeusna lanjut liwat petak Solo Balapan - Kadipiro di lintas Solo-Semarang. Sanggeus liwatan Stasoun Kadipiro, karéta badé belok melewati lintas rél anyar anu aya di samping Tol Solo-Kertosono. Ti tanggal 21 Pébruari 2020, ruteu karéta ieu dipanjangan nepi [[Stasion Klatén]] pikeun nambihan angkutan panumpang. == Armada Karéta api == Karéta ieu beroperasi 34 kali PP tiap unggal poé sareng ngagunakeun dua trainsét KRDE ME 204 jieunan [[PT Inka|PT. Inka]] anu ngabogaan 4 gerbong karéta dina tiap rangkéanna. Armadana sarua siga kabogaan [[Karéta api Minangkabau Éksprés|KA Bandara Minangkabau]] jeung [[Karéta api Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta|KA Bandara YIA]] , ngan wungkul pikeun KA BIAS ieu ditambihan livery [[Batik]] disisi samping body karétana. == Jadwal Lalampahan == Ieu Jadwal KA Bandara Adi Soemarmo per 29 Désémber 2019 (revisi 21 Pébruari 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://keretaapikita.com/jadwal-ka-bandara-adi-sumarmo-solo/|title=Jadwal KA Bandara Adi Sumarmo Solo Per 1 Desember 2019|last=keretamania|date=2019-11-28|website=Kereta Api Kita|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-30|accessdate=2020-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210222031/http://keretaapikita.com/jadwal-ka-bandara-adi-sumarmo-solo/|archivedate=2020-02-10}}</ref> '''lintas Klatén-Solo Balapan-Adi Soemarmo''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="3" | No. KA ! colspan="8" | Stasion Eureun |- ! KT ! colspan="2" | PWS ! colspan="2" | SLO ! colspan="2" | KDO ! SMO |- ! Indit ! Nepi ! Indit ! Nepi ! Indit ! Nepi ! Indit ! Nepi |- |7103 | colspan="4" | - | 04.25 | 04.31 | 04.33 | 04.44 |- |7102/7107 | 05.35 | 06.02 | 06.04 | 06.09 | 06.13 | 06.19 | 06.21 | 06.32 |- | 7106/7111 | 06.15 | 06.42 | 06.44 | 06.49 | 07.02 | 07.08 | 07.10 | 07.21 |- | 7110/7115 | 08.27 | 08.54 | 08.56 | 09.02 | 09.06 | 09.12 | 09.15 | 09.26 |- | 7114/7119 | 09.34 | 10.01 | 10.03 | 10.08 | 10.13 | 10.19 | 10.21 | 10.32 |- | 7118/7123 | 10.50 | 11.17 | 11.19 | 11.24 | 11.30 | 11.36 | 11.38 | 11.49 |- | 7122/7127 | 12.25 | 12.52 | 12.55 | 13.01 | 13.05 | 13.11 | 13.13 | 13.24 |- |7126/7131 | 13.30 | 13.57 | 13.59 | 14.04 | 14.08 | 14.15 | 14.17 | 14.28 |- | 7130/7135 | 14.53 | 15.20 | 15.22 | 15.27 | 15.44 | 15.50 | 15.52 | 16.04 |- | 7134/7139 | 15.50 | 16.17 | 16.19 | 16.24 | 16.36 | 16.43 | 16.45 | 16.56 |- | 7138/7143 | 17.39 | 18.06 | 18.08 | 18.13 | 18.18 | 18.24 | 18.26 | 18.37 |- | 7142/7145 | 18.36 | 19.03 | 19.05 | 19.10 | 19.14 | 19.20 | 19.22 | 19.33 |- | 7147 | colspan="4" | - | 19.47 | 19.53 | 19.56 | 20.07 |- | 7149 | colspan="4" | - | 20.30 | 20.37 | 20.39 | 20.50 |- | 7151 | colspan="4" |- | 21.09 | 21.16 | 21.18 | 21.29 |- | 7154 | 22.25 | 22.51 | 22.53 | 22.58 | colspan="4" | - |- | 7155 | colspan="4" | - | 22.27 | 22.34 | 22.36 | 22.47 |} '''Lintas Adi Soemarmo-Solo Balapan-Klatén''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="3" | No. KA ! colspan="8" | Stasion Eureun |- ! SMO ! colspan="2" | KDO ! colspan="2" | SLO ! colspan="2" | PWS ! KT |- ! Indit ! Nepi ! Indit ! Nepi ! Indit ! Nepi ! Indit ! Nepi |- | 7101 | colspan="4" | - | 04.35 | 04.40 | 04.42 | 05.09 |- | 7104/7105 | 04.59 | 05.10 | 05.16 | 05.23 | 05.27 | 05.32 | 05.34 | 06.01 |- | 7108/7109 | 06.53 | 07.04 | 07.17 | 07.24 | 07.27 | 07.32 | 07.34 | 08.01 |- | 7112/7113 | 07.45 | 07.56 | 08.02 | 08.09 | 08.13 | 08.18 | 08.20 | 08.47 |- | 7116/7117 | 09.36 | 09.47 | 09.49 | 09.56 | 09.59 | 10.04 | 10.06 | 10.33 |- | 7120/7121 | 10.51 | 11.02 | 11.05 | 11.12 | 11.20 | 11.25 | 11.27 | 11.54 |- | 7124/7125 | 12.04 | 12.15 | 12.17 | 12.24 | 12.30 | 12.35 | 12.38 | 13.05 |- | 7128/7129 | 13.33 | 13.44 | 13.46 | 13.53 | 13.57 | 14.02 | 14.04 | 14.31 |- | 7132/7133 | 14.38 | 14.49 | 14.51 | 14.58 | 15.02 | 15.07 | 15.09 | 15.36 |- | 7136/7137 | 16.14 | 16.25 | 16.27 | 16.34 | 16.37 | 16.42 | 16.44 | 17.11 |- | 7140/7141 | 17.06 | 17.17 | 17.19 | 17.26 | 17.36 | 17.40 | 17.42 | 18.08 |- | 7144 | 18.47 | 18.58 | 19.00 | 19.07 | colspan="4" | - |- | 7146 | 19.43 | 19.54 | 20.04 | 20.11 | colspan="4" | - |- | 7148 | 20.20 | 20.31 | 20.40 | 20.47 | colspan="4" | - |- | 7150/7153 | 21.01 | 21.12 | 21.19 | 21.26 | 21.32 | 21.37 | 21.39 | 22.06 |- | 7152 | 21.39 | 21.50 | 21.52 | 21.59 | colspan="4" | - |- | 7156 | 22.58 | 23.09 | 23.16 | 23.23 | colspan="4" | - |} Katerangan: * KT: [[Stasion Klatén]] * PWS: [[Stasion Purwosari]] * SLO: [[Stasion Solo Balapan]] * KDO: [[Stasion Kadipiro]] * SMO: [[Stasion Bandara Adi Soemarmo]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] {{karéta-stub}} 2sdyrud9yz4opq6e60tmvgru1judzyt Zelda Fitzgerald 0 99083 729361 602505 2026-09-27T02:40:55Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{keur dikeureuyeuh}} {{short description|American novelist}} <br /> {{Infobox writer | name = Zelda Fitzgerald | image = Zeltutu.gif | imagesize = | caption = Zelda Sayre, 1917 | birth_name = Zelda Sayre | birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1900|7|24}} | birth_place = [[Montgomery, Alabama]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1948|03|10|1900|7|24}} | death_place = [[Asheville, North Carolina]], U.S. | resting_place = [[Third Addition to Rockville and Old St. Mary's Church and Cemetery|St. Mary's Catholic Cemetery]], [[Rockville, Maryland]], U.S. | occupation = Novelist, short story writer, poet, dancer, painter, socialite | education = [[Sidney Lanier High School]] | alma_mater = | spouse = {{marriage|[[F. Scott Fitzgerald]]|1920|1940|end=died}} | children = [[Frances Scott Fitzgerald]] | relatives = | period = 1920–1948 | genre = | movement = | signature = }} '''Zelda Fitzgerald''' nyaéta saurang Novélis Amérika, anu lahir di Montgomry, Alabama, Amérika Serikat 24 Juli 1990. Zelda tilar dunya dina tanggal 10 Maret 1948 di North Carolina, Amérika Serikat. Sajaba ti saurang Novélis, Zelda ogé mangrupa saurang pelukis sarta wnoja sosialita dina jamanna. Zelda mangrupa pamajikan F. Scott Fitzgerald, salah saurang penulis anu kasohor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alabamaheritage.com/issue-76-spring-2005.html|title=Alabama Heritage Issue 76|website=Alabama Heritage|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-19}}</ref> Zelda jadi icon Roaring Twenties anu ngagambarkeun wanja anu ngabogaan kabébasan sarta sering disebut flapper.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Zelda: a biography|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NqlaAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Harper & Row|date=1970|language=en|first=Nancy|last=Milford}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/personality/zelda-fitzgerald|title=Zelda Fitzgerald|website=Biography|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/news/jazz-age-icons|title=Icons of the Roaring Twenties|last=Quealy|first=Gerit|website=Biography|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/news/jazz-age-icons|title=Icons of the Roaring Twenties|last=Quealy|first=Gerit|website=Biography|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-iceberg-a-story-by-zelda-fitzgerald|title=The Iceberg: A Story by Zelda Fitzgerald|last=Yorker|first=The New|website=The New Yorker|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-06-19}}</ref> == Kahirupan Mimitina == Dina mangsa rumajana, Zelda geus sering muncul di golongan Montmery, jadi béntang résital balét sarta nari di country club anu kaitung élit. Zelda mangrupa salah saurang wanoja anu lahr ti Mahkamah Agung Alabama Anthony Dickson jeung Minnie Machen Sayre. Zelda mangrupa anak bungsu anu dingaranan sabada pahlawan gipsi tina novél 1874.<ref name=":0" /> Dina taun 1918, Zelda kungsi dilélér hadiah ''"The Iceberg"'' anu eusina ngeunaan jurnal Sastra Sakola Menengah Sidney Lanier. Tulisan ieu ditulis nalika Zelda acan papanggih jeung Scott Fitzgerald.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-iceberg-a-story-by-zelda-fitzgerald|title=The Iceberg: A Story by Zelda Fitzgerald|last=Yorker|first=The New|website=The New Yorker|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-06-19}}</ref> == Kahirupan Rumah Tanggana == Sabada sabulan sanggeus lulus ti ''Sidney Lanier High School ,'' dina taun 1918, Zelda papanggih jeung F. Scott Fitzgerald anu umurna 21 taun. Scott mangrupa salah saurang anggota tangtara letnan kadua, anu ditempatkeun di deukeut Kamp Sheridan. Mangsa harita, Scot kagolong kana jalma anu tacan mapan sacara ékonomi, balukarna ngarasa asa-asa jeung teu percaya diri, nalika manéhna mimiti ngadeukeutan Zelda.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zelda-Fitzgerald|title=Zelda Fitzgerald {{!}} Biography & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-27}}</ref> Zelda ahirna narima lamaran Scott, sabada buku munggaran Scott diterbitkeun.<ref name=":1" /> Buku Scott terbit dina taun 1920, salah sahiji majalah kasohor ''New York Chales Scribner's Sons'' narima novél munggaran Scott anu judulna "''This Side of Paradise''".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zeldafitzgerald.com/chronology/chronology_6.asp|title=Zelda & F. Scott Fitzgerald Chronology: February 1919 to February 1920|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614113145/http://www.zeldafitzgerald.com/chronology/chronology_6.asp|archivedate=2012-06-14}}</ref> Tina buku ieu pisan, Scott meunang kasuksésan anu dadak sakala duanana (Scott jeung Zelda) jadi sélébritas dina waktu sapeting.<ref name=":2" /> Maranéhna aya dina kaayaan gaya hirup anu méwah sarta waktuna dibéakeun pikeun poya-poya, ulin lalampahan ka ditu ka dieu sarta nginum inuman keras.<ref name=":2" /> Zelda jeung Scott kawin di New York tanggal 3 April 1920, teu lila, dina taun 1921, maranéhna ngabogaan saurang anak, sarta jadi anak nunggul pinang. Budakna, dingaranan Frances Scottie Fitzgerald. Satuluyna, Frances cekel gawé salalu pangarang sarta manéhna aktip dina kagiatan Partai Demokrat.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lithub.com/behind-the-myths-of-scott-and-zeldas-epic-romance/|title=Behind the Myths of Scott and Zelda’s Epic Romance|website=Literary Hub|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/revisiting-the-love-story-of-f-scott-and-zelda-fitzgerald-in-their-own-words/2019/08/21/16e82c38-c41a-11e9-b72f-b31dfaa77212_story.html|title=Review {{!}} Revisiting the love story of F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald in their own words|last=Alex|first=Paul|last2=er|website=Washington Post|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-27}}</ref> Zelda kaasup kana salah sahiji jalma anu ngawangun masarakat Amérika. Kitu ogé kahirupan jeung novél Fitgerald anu terus-terusan ngalambangkeun kontradiksi anu kaitung gedé dina budaya Amérika sarta kapitalisme Amérika.<ref>{{Cite book|title=F. Scott Fitzgerald: Under the Influence|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ct9lAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Paragon House|date=2006-03-20|isbn=978-1-55778-848-1|language=en|first=E. Ray|last=Canterbery|first2=Thomas D.|last2=Birch}}</ref> DIna ahir tau 1920-an, hubungan Zelda mimiti kaancam alatan Scott ngalaman masalah dina nulis novél anu ka opatna. Dina waktu anu sarua ogé Zelda mimiti néangan tempat pikeun ngawadahan kréatipitasna sorangan. Sajaba ti nulis, manéhna ogé neuleuman deui dua hal anu jadi pangaresepna nalika keur budak, nyaéta kana widang seni jeung tari-tarian.<ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/zelda-fitzgeralds-ballet-years|title=Zelda Fitzgerald’s Ballet Years|last=Cates|first=Meryl|website=The New Yorker|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-06-27}}</ref> Zelda jeung Scott téh kawentar pisan hiji pasangan anu pinuh ku kekerasan, alkoholisme sarta leuwih parahna deui, dibungbuan ku naék turunna ékonomi dina kahirupan rumah tanggana. Katambah deui, ku kasusah Zelda alatan panyakit psikologis jeung méntalna.<ref name=":5" /> Taun 1924 Zelda pindah ka Prancis, sarta maranéhna aub kana salah sahiji kelompok, ekspratriat Amérika anu dipingpin ku Scott jeung Muurphy di Riviera. DIna mangsa ieu Scott ngaréngsékeun novél ka tiluna, nyaéta ''The Great Gatsby,'' anu réngsé taun 1925. Satuluyna dina taun 1934 Scot nerbitkeun ''Tender Is the Night,'' tapi sapuluh taun sabadana, kulawarga Scott digulung hutang sarta masih berjuang pikeun alkoholismena katmbah deui ku Zelda asup klinik alatan kaserang kasakit. Ahirna dina taun 1934, Zelda jeung Scott papisah, sok sanajan teu pernah pepegatan sacara resmi.<ref name=":0" /> == Mangsa Sulit Zelda == Dina taun 1930, Zelda kakeunaan gangguan psikologis, sarta stres anu dibakukarkeun tina rasa putus asa pikeun jadi balérina anu propésional. Antukna ti taun 1930 nepi ka taun 1931, Zelda cicing di salah sahiji klinik anu katelah Les Rives de Prangins anu aya di Nyon, Swiss.<ref name=":0" /> Satuluyna, dina bulan Pébwari 1932 Zelda pindah ka klinik Phipps di Universitas Johns Hopkins. Satuluyna ti taun 1936 nepi ka taun 1940, Zelda cicing di ''Rumah Sakit Highland di Ashevikke'', North Carolina. Sedengkeun Scott salakina, ngabogaan masalah alkoholisme, antukna pindah ka Hollywood kalayan angkeuhan hayang ngawangun dirina jadi penulis sekenario.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Historical Guide to F. Scott Fitzgerald|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K-PSLZSHsgkC|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2004|isbn=978-0-19-515303-3|language=en|first=Kirk|last=Curnutt|first2=Associate Professor of English Kirk|last2=Curnutt}}</ref> Tapi, ahirna mah dina tanggal 21 Désémber taun 1940 Scott tilar dunya alatan serangan jantung.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/writer/f-scott-fitzgerald|title=F. Scott Fitzgerald|website=Biography|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-06-27}}</ref> Sedengkeun dina taun anu sarua, Zelda balik ka Montgomery sarta cicing di imah indungna.<ref name=":3" /> Akibat kondisi kaséhatanna anu teu bener, Zelda antukna teu bisa ngaluuhan acara kawinan anak awéwéna dina taun 1943.<ref name=":1" /> Dina mangsa ieu, Zelda ngan ngaréngsékeun hiji-hijina novél anu judulna, ''Save Me The Waltz''.<ref name=":2" /> Dina manga ieu, sakali-kali Zelda bulak-balik ka rumah sakit Highland, hal éta téh dilakukeun nalika déprésina kanceuh.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|title=This Side of Rockville|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/1979/01/14/this-side-of-rockville/ac80d942-37df-4cc4-a9e8-b5cb5c5d47fe/|newspaper=Washington Post|date=1979-01-14|access-date=2020-06-27|issn=0190-8286|language=en-US|first=Perry Deane|last=Young|first2=Perry Deane|last2=Young|first3=a Washington|last3=writer|first4=is coauthor with David Kopay of The David Kopay|last4=Story (Bantam|last5=1977)}}</ref> Ari kagiatan Zelda mangsa harita, sajaba ti ngalukis, Zelda ogé ngamimitian diajar nari sarta ngamimitian ngagarap novél anu ka-dua anu judulna ''Caesar's Thing's'' anu mana, novél ieu téh teu pernah diterbitkeun. Zelda mangrupa hiji tina salapan wanoja anu kabunuh dina peuting 10-11 Maret 1948, nalika seuneu nyapukeun wangunan utama rumah sakit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1120|title=Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald|website=Encyclopedia of Alabama|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-27}}</ref> Zelda ahirna tilar dunya, sarta dimakamkeun bareng jeung salakina, nyaéta di pamakaman Gereja Katolik Saint Mary Lama di Rockville, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://broadstreetonline.org/2018/06/from-our-pages-an-affair-of-youth-in-search-of-flappers-belles-and-the-legendary-fitzgeralds-by-bryant-mangum/|title=From Our Pages: “An Affair of Youth” … In search of flappers, belles, and the first grave of the Fitzgeralds, by Bryant Mangum.|website=Broad Street|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-06-27}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> == Rujukan == <references /> <br /> anwzod2cx6bf79r07e9t6qihjjmv4t1 Laevistrombus canarium 0 99208 729214 664060 2026-09-26T16:06:42Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | image = Laevistrombus_canarium_canarium_01.JPG | image_caption = Five different views of a [[gastropod shell|shell]] of an adult ''L.&nbsp;canarium'': abapertural (upper left), right lateral (center), apertural (upper right), apical (lower left) and basal (lower right) | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Mollusc]]a | classis = [[Gastropod]]a | unranked_superfamilia = clade [[Caenogastropoda]]<br>clade [[Hypsogastropoda]]<br>clade [[Littorinimorpha]] | superfamilia = [[Stromboidea]] | familia = [[Strombidae]] | genus = ''[[Laevistrombus]]'' | species = '''''L. canarium''''' | binomial = ''Laevistrombus canarium'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | synonyms_ref = <ref>{{Cite book|title=The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40772670|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|date=1998-2001|location=Rome|isbn=92-5-104051-6|oclc=40772670|last=Carpenter, Kent E.|last2=Niem, Volker H.|last3=South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency.|last4=Norsk utviklingshjelp.|last5=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/8228/1/Sains_Malaysiana_Feb2009_Article5.pdf|title=Wayback Machine|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-03-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233306/http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/8228/1/Sains_Malaysiana_Feb2009_Article5.pdf|archivedate=2011-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Contributions to the knowledge of Strombacea. 3. Some notes on the range of Strombus (Dolomena) plicatus pulchellus Reeve, 1851 (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia Strombidae)|url=http://archive.org/details/basteria-60-013-018|date=1996|language=English|first=G. J.|last=Visser|first2=L. A. Man In ’T|last2=Veld|first3=R. P. A.|last3=Voskuil}}</ref> | synonyms = *''Strombus canarium'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]</small> ([[basionym|original combination]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Caroli Linnaei...Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277|publisher=Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii,|date=1758|location=Holmiae :|volume=v.1|first=Carl von|last=Linné|first2=Lars|last2=Salvius}}</ref> *''Strombus taeniatus'' <small>[[Jean René Constant Quoy|Quoy]] & [[Joseph Paul Gaimard|Gaimard]], 1834</small><ref name=Quoy&Gaimard>{{cite book|last=Quoy|first=J. R. C.|title=Voyage de Découvertes de "l'Astrolabe", Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, Pendant les Années 1826–29, sous le Commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville, Vol. 3|year=1834|publisher=J. Tastu, Éditeur-Imprimeur|location=Paris, France|pages=74–75|author2=Gaimard, J. P. |language=French}}</ref> *''Strombus vanikorensis''<small> Quoy & Gaimard, 1834</small><ref name=Quoy&Gaimard/> *''Strombus gibbus'' <small>[[Arturo Issel|Issel]] & [[Cesare Maria Tapparone-Canefri|Canefri]], 1876</small><ref name=Tapparone>{{cite journal|last=Issel|first=A.|author2=Tapparone-Canefri, C. M. |title=Studio monografico sopra gli strombidi del Mar Rosso|journal=Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova|year=1876|volume=8|pages=337–366|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33402#page/341/mode/1up|language=Italian}}</ref> * ''Strombus vanicorensis'' <small>Quoy, 1885</small><ref name=Tryon1885>{{cite book|last=Tryon|first=G. W.|title=Manual of Conchology, Structural and Systematic, with Illustrations of the Species, Vol. 7|year=1885|publisher=Published by the author|location=Philadelphia, USA|url=https://archive.org/stream/manualconch07tryorich#page/110/mode/2up|page=110}}</ref> | range_map = Leavistrombus canairum distribution map.jpg | range_map_width = 250px | range_map_caption = The shaded area indicates the distribution of ''Laevistrombus canarium'' within the Western Central Pacific, according to Poutiers, 1998.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40772670|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|date=1998-2001|location=Rome|isbn=92-5-104051-6|oclc=40772670|last=Carpenter, Kent E.|last2=Niem, Volker H.|last3=South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency.|last4=Norsk utviklingshjelp.|last5=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.}}</ref> }} '''Laevistrombus canarium''' disebut ogé siput gonggong dina [[basa Malayu]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=WAN HASSAN et.al.|first=WAN NURUL HUSNA|date=1 February 2019|title=EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON FOOD CONSUMPTION OF JUVENILES DOG CONCH, Laevistrombus canarium (LINNAEUS, 1758) IN LABORATORY CONDITION|url=http://jssm.umt.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2019/05/bab-1-14.1.pdf|journal=Journal of Sustainability Science and Management|publisher=Penerbit UMT|doi=|pmid=|access-date=25/03/2020}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325162918/http://jssm.umt.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2019/05/bab-1-14.1.pdf |date=25 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=A Dictionary of the Malay Language|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Y0Q8AAAAMAAJ&q=siput+gonggong&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjD8LSVjLboAhWZdn0KHSmCAn44FBDoAQhMMAU|publisher=authors at the Government's printing Office|date=1894|language=en|first=Sir Hugh Charles|last=Clifford|first2=Sir Frank Athelstane|last2=Swettenham}}</ref> nyaéta sato grastropoda sarupa kéong anu hirup di dasar laut. Di Indonésia, ieu sato jadi ikon khas kapuloan Bangka-Belitung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bobo.grid.id/read/08710252/siput-gonggong-ikon-khas-bangka-belitung-yang-terancam-punah|title=Siput Gonggong, Ikon Khas Bangka Belitung yang Terancam Punah - Semua Halaman - Bobo|website=bobo.grid.id|language=id|accessdate=2020-03-25}}</ref> ==Wangun Awak== Ukuran cangkangna gedé, pola spiral nyungcung sedeng, buleud semu nyungcung, awakna kembung, biwir cangkang luar rubak, sisi biwir cangkang luar semu buleud, kanal siphonal pondok pisan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://keralamarinelife.in/view.aspx?searchid=1408|title=Laevistrombus canarium|website=keralamarinelife.in|accessdate=2020-03-25}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Sumebarna== Ieu jenis kéong laut téh asalna ti laut basisir sabudeureun wewengkon Indo-[[Samudra Pasifik|Pasifik]] jeung sumebar lega ti kiduleun India nepi ka Melanesia, tuluy ka kalér nepi ka Ryuku di [[Jepang]], jeung ka kidul ka Queensland, [[Australia]] jeung Kalédonia Baru. Spésiés ieu gastropod téh di semenanjung [[Malaysia]] umumna kapanggih di Selat Johor jeung wewengkon séjén saperti Pulau Tinggi jeung Pulau Besar, di wétaneun Johor, jeung Port Dickson jeung Teluk Kemang di Negeri Sembilan.<ref name=":1" /> Ieu kéong kapanggih ogé di Teluk Kelabat, Bangka<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sejarah penambangan timah di Indonesia: abad ke-18-abad ke-20 : sekitar sejarah perkembangan teknologi dan pengelolaan penambangan timah di Indonesia|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=8oPtAAAAMAAJ&q=siput+gonggong&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjucHPirboAhVYU30KHfcvCJ84ChDoAQhAMAM|publisher=Cempaka Pub.|date=2007|isbn=978-979-3780-38-2|language=id|first=Sutedjo|last=Sujitno}}</ref>. Ieu kéong hirup dina leutak keusik di dasar laut, di antara alga jeung jukut laut di semenanjung jeung basisir benua.Ieu sato téh dijadikeun kadaharan poko pikeun komunitas pribumi. Iwal ti éta dipaké ogé keur nyieun karajinan saperti hiasan dékoratif, jeung pakakas ngala laut.<ref name=":1" /> Di [[Riau]], ieu sato diolah jadi kadaharan has<ref>{{Cite book|title=Storypedia: Nusantara|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=CW-hBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjPsMrgiLboAhVCbSsKHZM5BYEQ6AEIUjAE#v=onepage&q=siput%20gonggong&f=false|publisher=Buah Hati|date=2013-10-25|isbn=978-602-7652-29-3|language=id|first=Tim Women Script &|last=Co}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop of the Tropical Marine Mollusc Programme (TMMP): Conducted in Indonesia at Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, and Hasanuddin University, Ujung Pandang, 12-23 September 1994|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=hiEWAQAAIAAJ&q=siput+gonggong&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjPsMrgiLboAhVCbSsKHZM5BYEQ6AEIbzAH|publisher=Phuket Marine Biological Center|date=1995|language=en|first=Tropical Marine Mollusc Programme|last=Workshop}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Laut|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=NVceAQAAIAAJ&q=siput+gonggong&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjucHPirboAhVYU30KHfcvCJ84ChDoAQgpMAA|publisher=Balai Penelitian Perikanan Laut|date=1987|language=id}}</ref>. Diolahna ngan ukur digodogkeun, tuluy dicocolkeun kana sambel anu has<ref>{{Cite book|title=Atlas Kuliner Nusantara; Makanan Spektakuler 33 Provinsi|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=W8ZzthzaqfgC&pg=PT19&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjPsMrgiLboAhVCbSsKHZM5BYEQ6AEISDAD#v=onepage&q=siput%20gonggong&f=false|publisher=Bukune|date=2008|isbn=978-602-8066-14-3|language=id|first=Rizal|last=Khadafi}}</ref>. Kitu deui di wewengkon [[Jambi]], siput gonggong dijadikeun kaolahan<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kesenian masyarakat Melayu di Jambi|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=qZbzPq0SdDcC&q=siput+gonggong&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjPsMrgiLboAhVCbSsKHZM5BYEQ6AEIZzAG|date=2012|language=id}}</ref>.Di Kabupatén [[Bangka Utara]], daging siput ieu biasana digoréng nepi ka garing sarta ngan saeutik diuyahan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ensiklopedi Suku Bangsa di Indonesia|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=w_FCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA59&dq=siput+gong+gong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYrbqjjLboAhU7gUsFHWTsDAsQ6AEISjAD#v=onepage&q=siput%20gong%20gong&f=false|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia|date=2015|isbn=978-979-461-929-2|language=id|first=Dr Zulyani|last=Hidayah}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=SUK & M: Kerupuk Bangka|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=dTqw4H3WvzMC&pg=PA4&dq=siput+gong+gong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYrbqjjLboAhU7gUsFHWTsDAsQ6AEIdzAI#v=onepage&q=siput%20gong%20gong&f=false|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|isbn=978-979-22-3871-6|language=id}}</ref> Di sawatara tempat, ieu kéong téh dicobaan pikeun dipiara di luar habitatna, atawa diternak<ref>{{Cite book|title=Prosiding: Pertemuan Ilmiah Nasional Tahunan VIII ISOI 2011, Hotel Sahid Jaya, Pangkal Pinang, Makassar, 25-27 September 2011|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=qaO17W2o91YC&q=siput+gonggong&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjPsMrgiLboAhVCbSsKHZM5BYEQ6AEIKjAA|publisher=Ikatan Sarjana Oseanologi Indonesia|date=2012|isbn=978-979-98802-8-4|language=id}}</ref>. Sanajan, nepi ka kiwari kakara aya dina tahap ékspériméntal<ref>{{Cite book|title=Gamma|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=PTnjAAAAMAAJ&q=siput+gonggong&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjucHPirboAhVYU30KHfcvCJ84ChDoAQhJMAQ|publisher=Garda Media Mandiri|date=2000-11|language=id}}</ref>. == Carita Rahayat (Folklore) == Siput gonggong dicaritakeun dina lalakon "Burung Tang Tut" nyaéta dongéng ti [[Kapuloan Bangka Belitung|Bangka]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cerita rakyat dari Bangka|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=3dVZ1CqfomsC&pg=PA25&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjPsMrgiLboAhVCbSsKHZM5BYEQ6AEIMjAB#v=onepage&q=siput%20gonggong&f=false|publisher=Grasindo|date=2002|isbn=978-979-695-415-5|language=id|first=Lala|last=Savitri}}</ref>. Dina éta lalakon, siput gonggong kacaritakeun minangka kadaharan anu beunang ti basisir di deukeur lembur. Di Batam ogé aya lalakon anu di jerona nyaritakeun siput gonggong, minangka sato anu ditéangan pikeun dikumpulkeun dina waktu cai laut surut.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Dari Nongsa ke Pulau Terong: cerita-cerita pusaka dari Batam|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=cweBAAAAMAAJ&q=siput+gonggong&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjucHPirboAhVYU30KHfcvCJ84ChDoAQheMAY|publisher=Cindai Wangi Publishing House Batam bekerjasama dengan Yayasan Adikarya IKAPI dan the Ford Foundation|date=2003-01-01|isbn=978-979-96725-2-0|language=id}}</ref> Kitu deui di Riau, aya lalakon anu méh sarua nyebut-nyebut siput gonggong.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cerita rakyat daerah Riau: Daerah Tingkat II Kepulauan Riau|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=aB2BAAAAMAAJ&q=siput+gonggong&dq=siput+gonggong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjucHPirboAhVYU30KHfcvCJ84ChDoAQhmMAc|publisher=Pemerintah Daerah Tingkat I Propinsi Riau, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Kebudayaan Daerah Riau|date=1991|language=id}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} l62p5k06esqhfx2fgtcvn4s9uyjhae4 Pandémi koronavirus 2019 di Amérika Sarikat 0 99248 729245 705737 2026-09-26T19:46:37Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pandemic | name = Pandémi Koronavirus di [[Amérika Sarikat]] | first_case = [[Everett]], [[Washington]] | total_ili = | suspected_cases = | deaths = {{Unbulleted list |135,991 ([[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]])<ref name=CDCnumbers>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Cases in U.S.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=July 15, 2020}}</ref> |137,357 ([[Johns Hopkins University|JHU]])<ref name=JHU>{{cite web|work=Johns Hopkins CSSE|title=Coronavirus COVID-19 (2019-nCoV)|format=ArcGIS|accessdate=July 12, 2020|url=https://www.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6}}</ref> |129,525 ([[COVID Tracking Project|CTP]])<ref name=CTP>{{Cite web|url=https://covidtracking.com/data/|title=Our Data|website=The COVID Tracking Project|accessdate=July 12, 2020}}</ref>}} | confirmed_cases = {{Unbulleted list |3,416,428 ([[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]])<ref name=CDCnumbers/> |3,495,537 ([[Johns Hopkins University|JHU]])<ref name=JHU/> |3,478,419 ([[COVID Tracking Project|CTP]])<ref name=CTP/> }} | active_cases = | recovery_cases = 1,075,882 | origin = [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], Tiongkok | arrival_date = 21 Januari 2020 | location = [[Amérika Sarikat]] | map1 = COVID-19_Outbreak_Cases_in_the_United_States_(Density).svg | virus_strain = [[SARS-CoV-2]] | disease = [[COVID-19]] | legend3 = | map3 = | legend2 = | map2 = | legend1 = {{center|Wewengkon nagara bagian di [[Amérika Sarikat]] kalawan kasus kakonfirmasi per tanggal 13 Maret 2020}} {{legend|#FFE4A3|Kakonfirmasi <50}}{{legend|#F2A88D|Kakonfirmasi 51–150}}{{legend|#E57814|Kakonfirmasi 151–300}}{{legend|#FF0000|Kakonfirmasi 301-800}}{{legend|#A81C1B|Kakonfirmasi >801}} | website = }} '''Pandémi koronavirus 2019 di Amérika Sarikat''' mimiti kapanggih di tanggal [[20 Januari]] [[2020]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Holshue|first=Michelle L.|last2=DeBolt|first2=Chas|last3=Lindquist|first3=Scott|last4=Lofy|first4=Kathy H.|last5=Wiesman|first5=John|last6=Bruce|first6=Hollianne|last7=Spitters|first7=Christopher|last8=Ericson|first8=Keith|last9=Wilkerson|first9=Sara|date=2020-03-05|title=First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States|url=https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001191|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=382|issue=10|pages=929–936|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2001191|issn=0028-4793|pmid=32004427}}</ref> Per tanggal 2 April 2020, kacatet geus aya 215.344 kasus positip virus korona, sarta 5.112 urang anu tiwas ku sabab ieu sasalad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1326833/200-000-lebih-warga-amerika-serikat-terinfeksi-virus-corona|title=200.000 Lebih Warga Amerika Serikat Terinfeksi Virus Corona|last=Saputra|first=Eka Yudha|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4217206/jumlah-warga-as-terpapar-corona-covid-19-tembus-200-ribu-orang|title=Jumlah Warga AS Terpapar Corona COVID-19 Tembus 200 Ribu Orang|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://palu.tribunnews.com/2020/04/02/update-corona-dunia-kamis-2-april-2020-938923-kasus-positif-dan-195416-dinyatakan-sembuh|title=Update Corona Dunia, Kamis 2 April 2020: 938.923 Kasus Positif dan 195.416 Dinyatakan Sembuh|website=Tribun Palu|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suara.com/news/2020/04/02/114847/kasus-corona-di-amerika-serikat-tembus-200-ribu-lebih|title=Kasus Corona di Amerika Serikat Tembus 200 Ribu Lebih|website=suara.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref> Tuluy isukanana di tanggal 3 April, kacatet geus aya 243.970 kasus (28.967 kasus anyar), sarta anu tiwas nepi ka 5.883 orang (781 kasus anyar).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/04/03/064540865/update-virus-corona-di-dunia-kasus-positif-covid-19-mencapai-1-juta|title=Update Virus Corona di Dunia: Kasus Positif Covid-19 Mencapai 1 Juta|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref> Kasus virus korona di [[Amérika Sarikat]] geus kawilang parah dibanding jeung nagara séjén di dunya. Kacatet dina sapoé, ti tanggal 25 Maret nepi ka 26 Maret, geus aya 12.000 kasus baru jelema anu positip virus korona.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sukabumiupdate.com/detail/ragam-berita/internasional/66756-Dalam-Sehari-12-Ribu-Warga-AS-Positif-Terjangkit-Virus-Corona|title=Dalam Sehari, 12 Ribu Warga AS Positif Terjangkit Virus Corona|website=https://sukabumiupdate.com/|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-03}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Malahan mah jumlah kasus di Amérika Sarikat ngaleuwihan jumlah kasus di Tiongkok, sarta disebut-sebut jadi nagara nomer hiji kasus COVID-19 panglobana sadunya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200327111300-8-147896/amerika-serikat-catatkan-kasus-corona-melebihi-china|title=Amerika Serikat Catatkan Kasus Corona Melebihi China|last=TV|first=CNBC Indonesia|website=news|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suara.com/news/2020/03/27/103311/amerika-peringkat-1-kasus-corona-indonesia-diminta-belajar|title=Amerika Serikat Peringkat 1 Kasus Corona, Indonesia diminta Belajar|website=suara.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/04/03/171800965/saat-as-alami-lonjakan-kasus-dan-kematian-akibat-virus-corona-|title=Saat AS Alami Lonjakan Kasus dan Kematian akibat Virus Corona...|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref> Sabab-sabab kasus COVID-19 di Amérika Sarikat kawilang loba di antarana kurangna véntilator pikeun pasién positip, distribusi alat uji anu lila, pamaréntah pusat AS anu embung ngalumakukeun kawijakan lockdown sa-Amérika Sarikat, sarta lolobana kasus positip ngarumpul di Kota [[New York]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wartaekonomi.co.id/read278329/4-penyebab-angka-positif-corona-di-amerika-serikat-tertinggi-di-dunia|title=4 Penyebab Angka Positif Corona di Amerika Serikat Tertinggi di Dunia|website=Warta Ekonomi|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328180123/https://www.wartaekonomi.co.id/read278329/4-penyebab-angka-positif-corona-di-amerika-serikat-tertinggi-di-dunia |date=2020-03-28 }}</ref> == Mimiti == Kasus mimiti di Amérika Sarikat nyaéta hiji lalaki 35 taun di Nagara Bagian [[Washington]] anu positip beunang virus korona saenggeus mulang ti Kota [[Wuhan]], [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok]], tempat asal éta virus.<ref>{{Cite news|title=A Timeline of the Coronavirus Pandemic|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-timeline.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2020-04-02|access-date=2020-04-03|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Derrick Bryson|last=Taylor}}</ref> Di tanggal 19 Januari 2020, manéhna datang ka klinik perawatan darurat di Snohomish County, Washington, saenggeus ngarasa batuk jeung panas salila opat poé. Saméméhna manéhna geus ti Wuhan, nepungan kulawargana. Tuluy, hasil tes laboratorium nunjukkeun yén manéhna positip beunang virus korona isukanana, tanggal 20 Januari.<ref name=":0" /> == Sumebarna virus == Per tanggal 2 April, kacatet kabéh nagara bagian di Amérika Sarikat geus aya jelema anu positip virus korona.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-updates-united-states.html|title=Coronavirus in the US: Latest COVID-19 news and case counts|last=April 2020|first=Live Science Staff 02|website=livescience.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref> Virus korona gancang sumebar di Amérika sarikat ku sabab 25% warga anu kajangkit virus teu nunjukkeun gelana nanaon. Ku sabab kitu, babaraha pamaréntah nagara bagian, saperti [[Florida]], méré pépéling ka warga sangkan cicing di imahna séwang-séwangan sarta teu indit-inditan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4218002/dalam-sehari-1000-nyawa-melayang-akibat-virus-corona-covid-19-di-as|title=Dalam Sehari, 1.000 Nyawa Melayang Akibat Virus Corona COVID-19 di AS|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Data jumlah anu kapanggih positip virus korona per tanggal 2 April 2020<ref name=":1" /> !Nagara bagian !Jumlah kasus !Jumlah nu tiwas !Nagara bagian !Jumlah kasus !Jumlah nu tiwas |- |Alabama |1.108 |28 |Missouri |1.581 |18 |- |Alaska |143 |3 |Montana |217 |6 |- |Arizona |1.413 |29 |Nebraska |210 |4 |- |Arkansas |624 |10 |Nevada |1.279 |26 |- |California |9.936 |215 |New Hampshire |415 |4 |- |Colorado |3.342 |80 |New Jersey |22.255 |355 |- |Connecticut |3.557 |85 |New Mexico |363 |6 |- |Delaware |368 |11 |New York |83.901 |2.219 |- |Distrik Columbia |586 |11 |North Carolina |1.717 |15 |- |Florida |7.773 |101 |North Dakota |142 |3 |- |Georgia |4.748 |154 |Ohio |2.547 |65 |- |Hawaii |258 |1 |Oklahoma |719 |30 |- |Idaho |673 |9 |Oregon |736 |19 |- |Illinois |6.980 |141 |Pennsylvania |6.002 |74 |- |Indiana |2.565 |65 |Rhode Island |566 |10 |- |Iowa |549 |9 |South Carolina |1.293 |26 |- |Kansas |487 |11 |South Dakota |129 |2 |- |Kentucky |680 |20 |Tennessee |2.683 |25 |- |Louisiana |6.424 |273 |Texas |4.068 |60 |- |Maine |344 |7 |Utah |1.012 |7 |- |Maryland |1,985 |31 |Vermont |321 |16 |- |Massachusetts |7.738 |122 |VIrginia |1.484 |34 |- |Michigan |9.334 |337 |Washington |5.984 |254 |- |Minnesota |689 |17 |West Virginia |191 |2 |- |Mississippi |1.073 |22 |Wyoming |137 | - |} == Dampak == === Kawijakan ''lockdown'' === Sanajan kasus virus korona di Amérika Sarikat geus parah, tapi Pamaréntah Pusat keukeuh moal nerapkeun kawijakan ''lockdown'' di AS. [[Présidén Amérika Sarikat]], [[Donald Trump]], boga kayakinan saupama AS ngalumakukeun kawijakan ''lockdown'', bakal ngancurkeun ékonomi nagara éta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4204708/as-akan-lockdown-ini-kata-donald-trump|title=AS Akan Lockdown? Ini Kata Donald Trump|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref> Tuluy, sanajan Nagara Bagian [[New York]] jeung [[Florida]] jadi nagara bagian kalawan kasus panglobana, sarta kungsi aya rancana pikeun ngalumakukeun kawijakan lockdown di dua nagara bagian éta,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4207724/gubernur-new-york-perintahkan-lockdown-akibat-corona-covid-19|title=Gubernur New York Perintahkan Lockdown Akibat Corona COVID-19|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref> tapi pamaréntah tungtungna ngabedokeun éta rancana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2020/03/29/120857270/wabah-covid-19-trump-batalkan-lockdown-kota-new-york|title=Wabah Covid-19, Trump Batalkan Lockdown Kota New York Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-4957250/trump-batal-lockdown-new-york-kematian-akibat-corona-di-as-tembus-2000|title=Trump Batal Lockdown New York, Kematian Akibat Corona di AS Tembus 2.000|last=Erwanti|first=Marlinda Oktavia|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-04-03}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330191300/https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-4957250/trump-batal-lockdown-new-york-kematian-akibat-corona-di-as-tembus-2000 |date=2020-03-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1325181/trump-mau-total-lockdown-new-york-gubernur-menolak|title=Trump Mau Total Lockdown New York, Gubernur Menolak|last=Saputra|first=Eka Yudha|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330113150/https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1325181/trump-mau-total-lockdown-new-york-gubernur-menolak|archivedate=2020-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indozone.id/news/9DsaNx/presiden-donald-trump-batal-lockdown-new-york-kok-bisa|title=Presiden Donald Trump Batal Lockdown New York, Kok Bisa?|last=Minggu|last2=Maret 2020|first2=29 Maret 2020 12:14 WIB 29|website=indozone.id|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-04-03|last3=Wib|first3=12:14}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Ékonomi === Ku sabab ayana ieu sasalad, ékonomi di Amérika Sarikat ngalemah, sarta diperkirakeun bakal beunang résési anu pangparahna sapanjang sajarah nagara éta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1327393/virus-corona-picu-pengangguran-amerika-masuki-resesi-terburuk|title=Virus Corona Picu Pengangguran, Amerika Masuki Resesi Terburuk|last=Pramadiba|first=Istman Musaharun|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/virus-corona-picu-kekhawatiran-resesi-ekonomi-di-as/5327221.html|title=Virus Corona Picu Kekhawatiran Resesi Ekonomi di AS|website=VOA Indonesia|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref> == Tingali ogé == * [[Pandémi koronavirus 2019]] * [[Pandémi]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Pandémi]] [[Kategori:Pandémi koronavirus 2019]] ac7u0urcudgd09rf5y6wli7dz6od36c Karéta api Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta 0 99264 729174 707279 2026-09-26T13:13:11Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rail service | box_width = | name = Karéta api Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta | color = 00FF00 | logo = | logo_width = | image = KA Prameks Yogyakarta 2.jpg | image_width = 300 | caption = KA Bandara YIA (katuhu) jeung KA Praméks (kénca) keur eureun di [[Stasion Yogyakarta]] | type = Karéta api bandara | status = Beroperasi | locale = Daop 6 Jogja | predecessor = [[Karéta api Solo Éksprés]] | first = 6 Méi 2019 | last = | successor = | operator = [[Daérah Operasi VI Yogyakarta]] | formeroperator = | ridership = | ridership2 = | website = | start = [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] | stops = 3-7 | end = [[Stasion Wojo|Wojo]]<br>[[Stasion Kebumén|Kebumén]] | distance = | journeytime = | frequency = 12 kali (Yogyakarta-Wojo)<br>2 kali (Yogyakarta-Wojo-Kebumen) | trainnumber = 801-824 | line_used = | class = [[Karéta api éksekutip|Éksekutip]] | access = | seating = | difabel = | sleeping = | autorack = | catering = | observation = | entertainment = | baggage = | otherfacilities = | stock = KRDE meunang nyieun INKA | gauge = 1.067 mm | el = | speed = 60-100 km/jam | owners = Diréktorat Jéndral Karéta Api | routenumber = | maintenance = | sharing = | map = | map_state = }} '''Karéta api Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta''' nyaéta layanan karéta bandara anu ngalayanan ruteu [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Wonosari|Wojo]] jeung [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Wonosari|Wojo]]-[[Stasion Kebumén|Kebumén]]. Karéta ieu dioperasikeun ku [[Daérah Operasi VI Yogyakarta]]. Karéta ieu dijalankeun 12 kali pikeun ruteu Yogyakarta-Wojo sarta 2 kali pikeun ruteu Yogyakarta-Kebumén.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/4160972/jangan-bingung-ini-jadwal-kereta-bandara-baru-yogyakarta|title=Jangan Bingung, Ini Jadwal Kereta Bandara Baru Yogyakarta|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref> == Panghubung ka Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta == Karéta ieu mangrupa salah sahiji pilihan pikeun ka [[Bandar Udara Internasional Yogyakarta]] anu dirancang pikeun ngagantikeun [[Bandar Udara Internasional Adisutjipto]] anu perenahna di tengah-tengah [[kota Yogyakarta]] anu dirasa geus teu idéal deui.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yogyakarta.kompas.com/read/2019/12/29/09262861/maret-2020-seluruh-penerbangan-domestik-dan-internasional-akan-pindah-ke|title=Maret 2020, Seluruh Penerbangan Domestik dan Internasional Akan Pindah ke Bandara YIA Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref> Pilihan transportasi séjén nyaéta DAMRI, Satelqu, taksi argo, jeung taksi daring.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.tempo.co/read/1327114/menuju-bandara-yia-berikut-pilihan-transportasinya|title=Menuju Bandara YIA, Berikut Pilihan Transportasinya|last=Cahyana|first=Ludhy|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.tempo.co/read/1302114/bandara-yia-bakal-ditunjang-kereta-api-yang-berangkat-setiap-jam|title=Bandara YIA Bakal Ditunjang Kereta Api yang Berangkat Setiap Jam|last=Cahyana|first=Ludhy|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visitingjogja.com/23114/jadwal-kereta-api-bandara-yia/|title=Jadwal Kereta Api Bandara YIA|last=Dispar|first=P. I. P.|website=Dinas Pariwisata Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408002533/https://visitingjogja.com/23114/jadwal-kereta-api-bandara-yia/|archivedate=2020-04-08}}</ref> Ku sabab jalur karéta api anu aya teu kahubung jeung bandara, jadina ti Stasion Wojo (stasion pangdeukeutna ka Bandara YIA) disadiakeun bus ''shuttle'' DAMRI ka bandara. Jarak ti Stasion Wojo ka Bandara YIA kira-kira 4 kilométer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.krjogja.com/berita-lokal/diy/dukung-operasional-penuh-yia-24-trip-ka-bandara-ready/|title=Dukung Operasional Penuh YIA, 24 Trip KA Bandara ‘Ready’!|last=agus|website=KRJogja|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408002531/https://www.krjogja.com/berita-lokal/diy/dukung-operasional-penuh-yia-24-trip-ka-bandara-ready/|archivedate=2020-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarjogja.jawapos.com/2019/04/27/melihat-stasiun-wojo-yang-kini-cantik/|title=Melihat Stasiun Wojo yang Kini Cantik • Radar Jogja|website=Radar Jogja|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408002529/https://radarjogja.jawapos.com/2019/04/27/melihat-stasiun-wojo-yang-kini-cantik/|archivedate=2020-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/4161153/seluruh-penerbangan-dari-bandara-adisutjipto-pindah-ke-yia-maret-2020|title=Seluruh Penerbangan dari Bandara Adisutjipto Pindah ke YIA Maret 2020|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref> Kahareupna, bakal diwangun jalur karéta api langsung ka Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta anu dirancanakeun bakal jadi di taun 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://finance.detik.com/infrastruktur/d-4614307/begini-rute-lengkap-kereta-yang-tersambung-bandara-kulon-progo|title=Begini Rute Lengkap Kereta yang Tersambung Bandara Kulon Progo|last=Hikam|first=Herdi Alif Al|website=detikfinance|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2019/07/06/jalur-ka-sepanjang-57-km-akan-hubungkan-stasiun-wojo-dan-bandara-yia-kulonprogo|title=Jalur KA Sepanjang 5,7 KM Akan Hubungkan Stasiun Wojo dan Bandara YIA Kulonprogo|website=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref> == Stasion pangeureunan == Ieu stasion pangeureunan anu dilayanan ku KA Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://keretaapikita.com/jadwal-kereta-api-bandara-yia-yogyakrta/|title=Jadwal Kereta Api Bandara YIA Yogyakrta|last=keretamania|website=Kereta Api Kita|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-06}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.tribunnews.com/2020/03/11/jadwal-kereta-bandara-yia-lengkap-dengan-daftar-stasiun-keberangkatan-dan-pemberhentian|title=Jadwal Kereta Bandara YIA, Lengkap dengan Daftar Stasiun Keberangkatan dan Pemberhentian|website=Tribun Travel|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref> * [[Stasion Yogyakarta]] * [[Stasion Wates]] * [[Stasion Wonosari|Stasion Wojo]] * [[Stasion Kutoarjo]] * [[Stasion Kutowinangun]] * [[Stasion Kebumén]] == Jadwal == '''Ieu jadwal KA Bandara YIA per tanggal 1 Désémber 2019 dumasar Gapeka 2019'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://keretaapikita.com/jadwal-kereta-api-bandara-yia-yogyakrta/|title=Jadwal Kereta Api Bandara YIA Yogyakrta|last=keretamania|website=Kereta Api Kita|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-06}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogja.suara.com/read/2020/02/18/091337/antimacet-simak-jadwal-kereta-bandara-yia-kulon-progo|title=Antimacet, Simak Jadwal Kereta Bandara YIA Kulon Progo|website=suara.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref> * '''Yogyakarta - Wojo - Kebumén''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Stasion ! colspan="2" |KA 801 ! colspan="2" |KA 803 |- !Nepi ! Indit !Nepi !Indit |- |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Tugu (YK)]] | - | 08.35 | - |15.05 |- |[[Stasion Wates|Wates (WT)]] |09.02 | 09.05 |15.33 |15.36 |- |[[Stasion Wonosari|Wojo (WJ)]] (Stasion bandara) |09.18 | 09.21 |15.49 |15.51 |- |[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo (KTA)]] |09.40 |09.44 |16.10 |16.34 |- |[[Stasion Kutowinangun|Kutowinangun (KWN)]] | colspan="2" | Langsung |16.52 |17.02 |- |[[Stasion Kebumén|Kebumén (KM)]] |10.10 | - |17.19 | - |} * '''Yogyakarta - Wojo''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Stasion ! colspan="2" |KA 805 ! colspan="2" |KA 807 ! colspan="2" |KA 809 ! colspan="2" |KA 811 ! colspan="2" |KA 813 |- !Nepi ! Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit |- |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Tugu (YK)]] | - | 03.35 | - |05.10 | - |05.55 | - |07.30 | - |10.10 |- |[[Stasion Wates|Wates (WT)]] |04.01 | 04.03 |05.36 |05.38 |06.22 |06.25 |07.56 |07.58 |10.36 |10.38 |- |[[Stasion Wonosari|Wojo (WJ)]] (Stasion bandara) |04.15 | - |05.50 | - |06.38 | - |08.10 | - |10.50 | - |} * '''Yogyakarta - Wojo''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Stasion ! colspan="2" |KA 815 ! colspan="2" |KA 817 ! colspan="2" |KA 819 ! colspan="2" |KA 821 ! colspan="2" |KA 823 |- !Nepi ! Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit |- |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Tugu (YK)]] | - | 12.20 | - |12.50 | - |16.40 | - |19.15 | - |20.10 |- |[[Stasion Wates|Wates (WT)]] |12.46 | 12.48 |13.16 |13.18 |17.06 |17.08 |19.42 |19.45 |20.36 |20.55 |- |[[Stasion Wonosari|Wojo (WJ)]] (Stasion bandara) |13.00 | - |13.30 | - |17.20 | - |19.57 | - |21.07 | - |} * '''Kebumén - Wojo - Yogyakarta''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Stasion ! colspan="2" |KA 802 ! colspan="2" |KA 804 |- !Nepi ! Indit !Nepi !Indit |- |[[Stasion Kebumén|Kebumén (KM)]] | - | 10.25 | - |17.40 |- |[[Stasion Kutowinangun|Kutowinangun (KWN)]] |10.35 | 10.41 |17.51 |17.57 |- |[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo (KTA)]] |11.08 | 11.12 |18.15 |18.20 |- |[[Stasion Wonosari|Wojo (WJ)]] (Stasion bandara) |11.31 |11.33 |18.39 |18.41 |- |[[Stasion Wates|Wates (WT)]] |11.45 |11.48 |18.54 |18.56 |- |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Tugu (YK)]] |12.16 | - |19.25 | - |} * '''Wojo - Yogyakarta''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Stasion ! colspan="2" |KA 806 ! colspan="2" |KA 808 ! colspan="2" |KA 810 ! colspan="2" |KA 812 ! colspan="2" |KA 814 |- ! Nepi ! Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit |- |[[Stasion Wonosari|Wojo (WJ)]] (Stasion bandara) | - | 04.45 | - |06.30 | - |07.07 | - |08.50 | - |11.10 |- |[[Stasion Wates|Wates (WT)]] | 04.58 | 05.00 |06.43 |06.45 |07.19 |07.21 |09.03 |09.06 |11.22 |11.24 |- |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Tugu (YK)]] | 05.26 | - |07.12 | - |07.47 | - |09.33 | - |11.50 | - |} * '''Wojo - Yogyakarta''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Stasion ! colspan="2" |KA 816 ! colspan="2" |KA 818 ! colspan="2" |KA 820 ! colspan="2" |KA 822 ! colspan="2" |KA 824 |- ! Nepi ! Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit !Nepi !Indit |- |[[Stasion Wonosari|Wojo (WJ)]] (Stasion bandara) | - | 13.20 | - |15.15 | - |18.05 | - |20.16 | - |21.30 |- |[[Stasion Wates|Wates (WT)]] | 13.33 | 13.36 |15.28 |15.32 |18.17 |18.19 |20.28 |20.30 |21.42 |21.45 |- |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Tugu (YK)]] | 14.02 | - |15.59 | - |18.45 | - |20.56 | - |22.13 | - |} == Tingali ogé == [[Karéta api]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{id}} [https://kereta-api.co.id/ Ramatloka Resmi PT Kereta Api Indonesia (perséro)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125184722/http://www.kereta-api.co.id/ |date=2015-11-25 }} {{karéta-stub}} [[Kategori:Angkutan karéta di Indonésia]] bkmq1ts3tsl8iwlym8pq7cro2ldz7ko Stasion Gombong 0 99325 729302 664762 2026-09-26T23:49:59Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lain|Stasion Cigombong|Stasion Gembong}} {{infobox stasion | name = Gombong | tinggi = +18 m | kode = GB | image = Emplasemen GB 2020.jpg | caption = Émplasemén Stasion Gombong, 2020 | prov = Jawa Tengah | kabupatén = Kebumén | kacamatan kabupatén = Gombong | desa = Wonokriyo | alamat = Jalan Stasion Gombong | kodepos = 54412 | lintang = -7.610921 | bujur = 109.507768 | open = [[21 Juli]] [[1887]] | operator = [[Daérah Operasi V Purwokerto]] | class = I | nomor = 2024 | letak = km 431+265 lintas [[Stasion Bogor|Bogor]]-[[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]]-[[Stasion Banjar|Banjar]]-[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]]-[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] | line = [[Karéta api Argo Dwipangga|Argo Dwipangga Fakultatif (arah Jakarta)]], [[Karéta api Bima|Bima (arah Surabaya-Malang)]], [[Karéta api Gajayana|Gajayana (fakultatif arah Jakarta & régulér arah Malang)]], [[Karéta api Mutiara Selatan|Mutiara Selatan (arah Jakarta)]], [[Karéta api Malabar|Malabar (arah Malang)]], [[Karéta api Singasari|Singasari]], [[Karéta api Gaya Baru Malam Selatan|Gaya Baru Malam Selatan]], [[Karéta api Ranggajati|Ranggajati]], [[Karéta api Wijayakusuma|Wijayakusuma]], [[Karéta api Mataram|Mataram (arah Jakarta)]], [[Karéta api Bogowonto|Bogowonto]], [[Karéta api Gajah Wong|Gajah Wong (arah Jakarta)]], [[Karéta api Fajar Utama Yogya|Fajar Utama YK (arah Yogyakarta)]], [[Karéta api Senja Utama Yogya|Senja Utama YK]], [[Karéta api Sawunggalih|Sawunggalih (régulér & fakultatif)]], [[Karéta api Lodaya|Lodaya]], [[Karéta api Joglosemarkerto|Joglosemarkerto]], [[Karéta api Logawa|Logawa]], [[Karéta api Jayakarta|Jayakarta]], [[Karéta api Jaka Tingkir|Jaka Tingkir]], [[Karéta api Kutojaya Utara|Kutojaya Utara (régulér & fakultatif)]], [[Karéta api Kahuripan|Kahuripan (arah Blitar)]], [[Karéta api Pasundan|Pasundan (arah Surabaya)]], [[Karéta api Bengawan|Bengawan]], [[Karéta api Progo|Progo]], jeung [[Karéta api Kutojaya Selatan|Kutojaya Selatan]] | ticketting = Sistem tikét ''online'', ngalayanan pamesenan langsung di lokét. Aya fasilitas ala [[Bandar udara|bandara]] mangrupa ''check-in'' mandiri pikeun nyitak ''boarding pass''. | track = 5 (jalur 2: sepur lempeng) | platform = 5 (hiji péron sisi anu pendék, tilu péron pulo anu pendék, sarta hiji péron sisi gudang anu jangkung) | parking = Aya | boardingpass = Aya | toilet = Aya | persinyalan = Éléktrik tipeu [[Westinghouse Rail Systems]]' ''Train Radio and Advanced Control'' (Westrace)<ref name=susanti>{{cite thesis |last= Susanti|first=D.M. |date=Januari 2008 |title=Kajian atas Pengelolaan Pengetahuan dalam Pengoperasian Teknologi Persinyalan Karéta Api (Studi Kasus Daop 2 Bandung) |type=S2 |chapter= |publisher=Program Magister Studi Pembangunan, Sekolah Arsitektur, Pengembangan, dan Perencanaan Kebijakan, Institut Teknologi Bandung |docket= |oclc= |access-date=}}</ref> | notes = <ref name="mka">{{cite journal|year=2014|first=S.|last=Prasetya|title=Gombong (GB): Lebih Terkenal dibanding Kebumén|journal=[[Majalah KA]]|volume=96|page=18}}</ref> }} [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Station Gombong Midden-Java TMnr 10014004.jpg|jmpl|Stasion Gombong di taun 1890-an]] '''Stasion Gombong (GB)''' nyaéta [[stasion karéta api]] kelas I anu perenahna di di [[Wonokriyo, Gombong, Kebumén]]. Stasion anu aya dina tingkat kaluhuran +18 méter ieu aya di [[Daérah Operasi V Purwokerto]]. Stasion ieu jauh leuwih kawentar tibatan [[Stasion Kebumén]]. Dumasar carita sajarah Gombong, [[Walanda]] kungsi ngawangun [[Bénténg Van der Wijck]] anu jadi basis kakuatan militér Walanda, sarta ngawangun stasion anu engkéna disebut '''Stasion Gombong'''. Okupansi panumpang di stasion ieu lumayan alus sarta jadi andelan masarakat ti Kacamatan [[Gombong, Kebumén|Gombong]], [[Sempor, Kebumén|Sempor]], [[Rowokélé, Kebumén|Rowokele]], [[Buayan, Kebumén|Buayan]], [[Kuwarasan, Kebumén|Kuwarasan]], jeung [[Puring, Kebumén|Puring]] anu rék naék [[karéta api]]. Stasion ieu ogé sok ramé ku sabab loba karéta anu eureun, di antarana aya anu jurusan [[Bandung]], [[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]], jeung [[Jakarta]].<ref name="mka"/> Stasion ieu boga lima jalur karéta api kalawan jalur 2 anu jadi sepur lempeng sarta jalur 5 anu jadi sepur badug pikeun tempat kagiatan bongkar muat karéta api pupuk ka gudang PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang anu dioperasikeun ti [[Maret]] [[2015]]. Stasion ieu jadi salah sahiji stasion tujuan bongkar muat karéta api [[Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang|Pupuk Sriwijaya]] anu diakut ti [[Stasion Cilacap|Stasion Cilacap Palabuan]] anu engkéna nuluykeun lalampahan ka [[Stasion Cépér]] sarta nungtung di [[Stasion Maguwo]].<ref>[http://industri.kontan.co.id/news/kai-operasikan-kembali-kereta-api-pupuk-pusri Kontan: KAI Operasikan Kembali Kereta Api Pupuk Pusri]</ref> Patali jeung pangwangunan [[jalur ganda]] kidul [[Jawa]], ayeuna ieu stasion téh dirombak gedé-gedéan. Wangunan stasion jeung ''overkapping'' anyar stasion ieu aya di kuloneun wangunan heubeul sarta leuwih tohaga. Saenggeus wangunan anyar bérés diwangun, wangunan anu heubeul moal dipaké deui pikeun kaberangkatan jeung kadatangan panumpang karéta api.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pasangmata.detik.com/contribution/343221|title=Begini Proses Pembangunan Gedung Baru Stasiun Gombong|website=pasangmata.detik.com|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> == Layanan karéta api == === Panumpang === ==== Kelas éksukutip ==== * [[Karéta api Argo Dwipangga|Argo Dwipangga Fakultatif]], jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon]] * [[Karéta api Bima|Bima]], jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Malang|Malang]] liwat [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]]-[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]]-[[Stasion Jombang|Jombang]] * [[Karéta api Gajayana|Gajayana]], jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon]] (fakultatif) jeung jurusan [[Stasion Malang|Malang]] liwat [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]]-[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]]-[[Stasion Blitar|Blitar]] (régulér; sadiakaréta éksukutip jinis ''luxury'') ==== Kelas campuran ==== * [[Karéta api Mutiara Selatan|Mutiara Selatan]], jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Tasikmalaya|Tasikmalaya]]-[[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]] (éksukutip-ékonomi AC prémium) * [[Karéta api Malabar|Malabar]], jurusan [[Stasion Malang|Malang]] liwat [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]]-[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]]-[[Stasion Blitar|Blitar]] (éksukutip-bisnis-ékonomi AC) * [[Karéta api Singasari|Singasari]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Blitar|Blitar]] liwat [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Purwosari|Solo]]-[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]] (éksukutip-ékonomi AC plus) * [[Karéta api Gaya Baru Malam Selatan|Gaya Baru Malam Selatan]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon Prujakan|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya]] liwat [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Purwosari|Solo]]-[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]]-[[Stasion Jombang|Jombang]] (éksukutip-ékonomi AC plus) * [[Karéta api Ranggajati|Ranggajati]], jurusan [[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Jember|Jember]] (éksukutip-bisnis) * [[Karéta api Wijayakusuma|Wijayakusuma]], jurusan [[Stasion Cilacap|Cilacap]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Ketapang (Banyuwangi)|Banyuwangi]] liwat [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]]-[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]]-[[Stasion Jombang|Jombang]] (éksukutip-ékonomi AC prémium) * [[Karéta api Mataram|Mataram]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon Prujakan|Cirebon]] (éksukutip-bisnis) * [[Karéta api Bogowonto|Bogowonto]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon Prujakan|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]] (éksukutip-ékonomi AC plus) * [[Karéta api Gajah Wong|Gajah Wong]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon Prujakan|Cirebon]] (éksukutip-ékonomi AC plus) * [[Karéta api Fajar Utama Yogya|Fajar Utama YK]], jurusan [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] (éksukutip-ékonomi AC prémium) * [[Karéta api Senja Utama Yogya|Senja Utama YK]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] (éksukutip-ékonomi AC prémium) * [[Karéta api Sawunggalih|Sawunggalih]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] (éksukutip-ékonomi AC prémium) * [[Karéta api Lodaya|Lodaya]], jurusan [[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]] liwat [[Stasion Tasikmalaya|Tasikmalaya]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]] liwat [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] (éksukutip-ékonomi AC prémium) * [[Karéta api Joglosemarkerto|Joglosemarkerto]], KA ''looping'' [[Jawa Tengah]] jeung [[Yogyakarta]] kelas éksukutip-ékonomi AC plus kalawan jurusan: ** [[Stasion Tegal|Tegal]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]]-[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Semarang Tawang|Semarang]] ** [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Semarang Tawang|Semarang]] liwat [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] * [[Karéta api Kutojaya Utara|Kutojaya Utara Fakultatif]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon Prujakan|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] (bisnis-ékonomi AC plus) * [[Karéta api Logawa|Logawa]], jurusan [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Jember|Jember]] liwat [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Purwosari|Solo]]-[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]]-[[Stasion Jombang|Jombang]] (bisnis-ékonomi AC) ==== Kelas ékonomi AC prémium ==== * [[Karéta api Jayakarta|Jayakarta]], jurusan [[Stasion Jakarta Kota|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon Prujakan|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya]] liwat [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Purwosari|Solo]]-[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]]-[[Stasion Jombang|Jombang]] * [[Karéta api Kutojaya Utara|Kutojaya Utara]], jurusan [[Stasion Jakarta Kota|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon Prujakan|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] ==== Kelas ékonomi AC plus ==== * [[Karéta api Jaka Tingkir|Jaka Tingkir]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon Prujakan|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Purwosari|Solo]] liwat [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]] * [[Karéta api Sawunggalih|Sawunggalih Fakultatif]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] ==== Kelas ékonomi AC ==== * [[Karéta api Kahuripan|Kahuripan]], jurusan [[Stasion Blitar|Blitar]] liwat [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Purwosari|Solo]]-[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]] * [[Karéta api Pasundan|Pasundan]], jurusan [[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya]] liwat [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]]-[[Stasion Purwosari|Solo]]-[[Stasion Madiun|Madiun]]-[[Stasion Jombang|Jombang]] * [[Karéta api Bengawan|Bengawan]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon Prujakan|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Purwosari|Solo]] liwat [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]] * [[Karéta api Progo|Progo]], jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] liwat [[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto]]-[[Stasion Cirebon Prujakan|Cirebon]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]] * [[Karéta api Kutojaya Selatan|Kutojaya Selatan]], jurusan [[Stasion Kiaracondong|Bandung]] liwat [[Stasion Tasikmalaya|Tasikmalaya]] jeung jurusan [[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] === Perewis jeung pasusulan === * [[Karéta api Senja Utama Yogya|KA Senja Utama YK]] jurusan [[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] (KA 148) perewis jeung [[Karéta api Kahuripan|KA Kahuripan]] jurusan [[Stasion Kiaracondong|Bandung]] (KA 293) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Lodaya|KA Lodaya]] jurusan [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]] (KA 164) perewis jeung [[Karéta api Malabar|KA Malabar]] jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] (KA 107) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Mutiara Selatan|KA Mutiara Selatan]] jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta]] (KA 106/103) perewis jeung [[Karéta api Argo Lawu|KA Argo Lawu]] jurusan [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]] (KA 8) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Bogowonto|KA Bogowonto]] jurusan [[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta]] (KA 142) perewis jeung [[Karéta api Anjasmoro Ekspres|KA Anjasmoro]] jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] (KA 127) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Kutojaya Utara|KA Kutojaya Utara Fakultatif]] jurusan [[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] (KA 270F) perewis jeung [[Dynamix (semén)|KA Angkutan Semén]] jurusan [[Stasion Karangtalun|Karangtalun]] (KA 2732/2729) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Mataram|KA Mataram]] jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] (KA 139) perewis jeung [[Karéta api Anjasmoro|KA Anjasmoro]] jurusan [[Stasion Jombang|Jombang]] (KA 128) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Bogowonto|KA Bogowonto]] jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] (KA 141) perewis jeung [[Karéta api Fajar dan Senja Utama Solo|KA Fajar Utama Solo]] jurusan [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]] (KA 138) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Kutojaya Utara|KA Kutojaya Utara]] jurusan [[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] (KA 260) perewis jeung [[Karéta api Pasundan|KA Pasundan]] jurusan [[Stasion Kiaracondong|Bandung]] (KA 295) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Bengawan|KA Bengawan]] jurusan [[Stasion Purwosari|Solo]] (KA 306) bersilang luar biasa dengan [[Karéta api Argo Lawu|KA Argo Lawu Fakultatif]] jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta]] (KA 57F) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Lodaya|KA Lodaya]] jurusan [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]] (KA 162) perewis jeung [[Karéta api Argo Wilis|KA Argo Wilis]] jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta]] (KA 1) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Singasari|KA Singasari]] jurusan [[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta]] (KA 109) bersilang luar biasa dengan [[Karéta api Argo Dwipangga|KA Argo Dwipangga Fakultatif]] jurusan [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo]] (KA 60F) anu ngaliwat langsung * [[Karéta api Jaka Tingkir|KA Jaka Tingkir]] jurusan [[Stasion Purwosari|Solo]] (KA 258) perewis jeung [[Karéta api Argo Dwipangga|KA Argo Dwipangga]] jurusan [[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta]] (KA 9) anu ngaliwat langsung == Jadwal karéta api == Ieu jadwal karéta api panumpang anu eureun di Stasion Gombong '''per 1 April 2020 (révisi Gapéka 2019).''' * '''KA Régulér''' {| class="wikitable sortable" ! No. KA !! KA !! Jurusan !! Kelas !! Nepi !! Indit |- |76 |[[Karéta api Gajayana|Gajayana]] |[[Stasion Malang|Malang Kotabaru (ML)]] |Éksukutip Satwa & ''Luxury'' |00.10 |00.14 |- | 160 ||[[Karéta api Sawunggalih|Sawunggalih]]||[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo (KTA)]] || rowspan="4" | Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Prémium ||00.40||00.42 |- |148 |[[Karéta api Senja Utama Yogya|Senja Utama YK]] |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Tugu (YK)]] |00.56 |01.02 |- | 164 ||[[Karéta api Lodaya|Lodaya]]||[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan (SLO)]]||01.25||01.32 |- |126/123 |[[Karéta api Wijayakusuma|Wijayakusuma]] |[[Stasion Cilacap|Cilacap (CP)]] |02.12 |02.20 |- | 108 ||[[Karéta api Malabar|Malabar]]||[[Stasion Malang|Malang Kotabaru (ML)]]|| Éksukutip, Bisnis, & Ékonomi AC ||02.16||02.18 |- | 106/103 ||[[Karéta api Mutiara Selatan|Mutiara Selatan]] |[[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta Gambir (GMR)]] liwat [[Stasion Bandung|Bandung Hall (BD)]] |Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Prémium||02.46||02.52 |- | 142 ||[[Karéta api Bogowonto|Bogowonto]]||[[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta Lempuyangan (LPN)]]|| Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Plus ||03.59||04.08 |- | 332 ||[[Karéta api Kutojaya Selatan|Kutojaya Selatan]]||[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo (KTA)]]|| rowspan="3" | Ékonomi AC ||04.37||04.39 |- | 308 ||[[Karéta api Progo|Progo]] |[[Stasion Lempuyangan|Yogyakarta Lempuyangan (LPN)]]||04.50||04.59 |- | 294 ||[[Karéta api Kahuripan|Kahuripan]]||[[Stasion Blitar|Blitar (BL)]]||05.47||05.49 |- | 298/299 ||[[Karéta api Logawa|Logawa]]||[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng (SGU)]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Jember|Jember (JR)]] |Bisnis & Ékonomi AC||06.29||06.31 |- | 157 ||[[Karéta api Sawunggalih|Sawunggalih]]||[[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta Pasar Senén (PSE)]]||Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Prémium |07.50||07.52 |- |120B/121A |[[Karéta api Ranggajati|Ranggajati]] |[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng (SGU)]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Jember|Jember (JR)]] |Éksukutip & Bisnis |08.57 |09.01 |- | 199/200/201 ||[[Karéta api Joglosemarkerto|Joglosemarkerto]]||[[Stasion Tegal|Tegal (TG)]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan (SLO)]]-[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Tugu (YK)]]|| Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Plus ||09.20||09.22 |- | 257 ||[[Karéta api Jaka Tingkir|Jaka Tingkir]]||[[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta Pasar Senén (PSE)]]|| Ékonomi AC Plus ||09.50||09.52 |- |161 |[[Karéta api Lodaya|Lodaya]] |[[Stasion Bandung|Bandung Hall (BD)]] |Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Prémium |10.01 |10.07 |- | 331 ||[[Karéta api Kutojaya Selatan|Kutojaya Selatan]]||[[Stasion Kiaracondong|Bandung Kiaracondong (KAC)]]|| Ékonomi AC ||10.26||10.28 |- |139 |[[Karéta api Mataram|Mataram]] | rowspan="2" |[[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta Pasar Senén (PSE)]] |Éksukutip & Bisnis |11.29 |11.35 |- | 141 ||[[Karéta api Bogowonto|Bogowonto]]||Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Plus ||11.50||11.56 |- | 260 ||[[Karéta api Kutojaya Utara|Kutojaya Utara]]||[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo (KTA)]] |Ékonomi AC Prémium||12.29||12.35 |- |306 |[[Karéta api Bengawan|Bengawan]] |[[Stasion Purwosari|Solo Purwosari (PWS)]] |Ékonomi AC |12.50 |12.56 |- | 162 ||[[Karéta api Lodaya|Lodaya]]||[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan (SLO)]]|| rowspan="2" | Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Prémium ||13.17||13.27 |- |146 |[[Karéta api Fajar Utama Yogya|Fajar Utama YK]] |[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Tugu (YK)]] |13.40 |13.42 |- | 193/194/195 ||[[Karéta api Joglosemarkerto|Joglosemarkerto]]||[[Stasion Solo Balapan|Solo Balapan (SLO)]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Semarang Tawang|Semarang Tawang (SMT)]] |Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Plus||14.16||14.18 |- | 158 ||[[Karéta api Sawunggalih|Sawunggalih]]||[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo (KTA)]] |Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Prémium |15.09||15.11 |- | 109 ||[[Karéta api Singasari|Singasari]] |[[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta Pasar Senén (PSE)]]|| Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Plus ||15.43||15.49 |- |124/125 |[[Karéta api Wijayakusuma|Wijayakusuma]] |[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng (SGU)]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Ketapang (Banyuwangi)|Banyuwangi Ketapang (KTG)]] |Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Prémium |16.15 |16.17 |- |122/119 |[[Karéta api Ranggajati|Ranggajati]] |[[Stasion Cirebon|Cirebon Kejaksan (CN)]] |Éksukutip & Bisnis |16.46 |16.48 |- | 296 ||[[Karéta api Pasundan|Pasundan]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng (SGU)]] |Ékonomi AC||17.04||17.08 |- | 112 ||[[Karéta api Gaya Baru Malam Selatan|Gaya Baru Malam Selatan]] |Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Plus |17.21||17.28 |- | 307 ||[[Karéta api Progo|Progo]]||[[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta Pasar Senén (PSE)]] |Ékonomi AC||17.26||17.30 |- | 259 ||[[Karéta api Kutojaya Utara|Kutojaya Utara]]||[[Stasion Jakarta Kota|Jakarta Kota (JAKK)]] | rowspan="2" |Ékonomi AC Prémium||17.58||18.00 |- |254 |[[Karéta api Jayakarta|Jayakarta]] |[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng (SGU)]] |18.29 |18.36 |- | 300/297 ||[[Karéta api Logawa|Logawa]]||[[Stasion Purwokerto|Purwokerto (PWT)]] |Bisnis & Ékonomi AC||18.34||18.38 |- | 111 ||[[Karéta api Gaya Baru Malam Selatan|Gaya Baru Malam Selatan]]||[[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta Pasar Senén (PSE)]]|| rowspan="2" |Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Plus |18.56||19.11 |- | 110 ||[[Karéta api Singasari|Singasari]] |[[Stasion Blitar|Blitar (BL)]]||19.09||19.17 |- | 159 ||[[Karéta api Sawunggalih|Sawunggalih]] | rowspan="3" |[[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta Pasar Senén (PSE)]] |Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Prémium |19.51||19.54 |- | 143 ||[[Karéta api Gajah Wong|Gajah Wong]]|| Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Plus ||20.10||20.12 |- | 147 ||[[Karéta api Senja Utama Yogya|Senja Utama YK]]||Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Prémium ||20.56||20.58 |- |253 |[[Karéta api Jayakarta|Jayakarta]] |[[Stasion Jakarta Kota|Jakarta Kota (JAKK)]] |Ékonomi AC Prémium |21.26 |21.28 |- | 163 ||[[Karéta api Lodaya|Lodaya]]||[[Stasion Bandung|Bandung Hall (BD)]]|| Éksukutip & Ékonomi AC Prémium ||21.42||21.44 |- |258 |[[Karéta api Jaka Tingkir|Jaka Tingkir]] |[[Stasion Purwosari|Solo Purwosari (PWS)]] |Ékonomi AC Plus |22.18 |22.24 |- |72/73 |[[Karéta api Bima|Bima]] |[[Stasion Surabaya Gubeng|Surabaya Gubeng (SGU)]] nyambung ka [[Stasion Malang|Malang Kotabaru (ML)]] |Éksukutip Satwa |22.58 |23.06 |- |305 |[[Karéta api Bengawan|Bengawan]] |[[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta Pasar Senén (PSE)]] |Ékonomi AC |23.33 |23.35 |} * '''KA Tambahan (beroperasi nalika usum lebaran jeung natal-pabaru; kadang ogé pas poé peré nasional atawa tungtung minggu anu tangtu)''' {| class="wikitable sortable" !No. KA !KA !Jurusan !Kelas !Nepi !Indit |- |59F |[[Karéta api Argo Dwipangga|Argo Dwipangga Fakultatif]] | rowspan="2" |[[Stasion Gambir|Jakarta Gambir (GMR)]] | rowspan="2" |Éksukutip Satwa |00.05 |00.12 |- |91F |[[Karéta api Gajayana|Gajayana Fakultatif]] |04.57 |05.05 |- |270F | rowspan="2" |[[Karéta api Kutojaya Utara|Kutojaya Utara Fakultatif]] |[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo (KTA)]] | rowspan="2" |Bisnis & Ékonomi AC Plus |07.12 |07.20 |- |269F |[[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta Pasar Senén (PSE)]] |12.10 |12.12 |- |236F | rowspan="2" |[[Karéta api Sawunggalih|Sawunggalih Fakultatif]] |[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo (KTA)]] | rowspan="2" |Ékonomi AC Plus |16.25 |16.27 |- |235F |[[Stasion Pasar Senén|Jakarta Pasar Senén (PSE)]] |23.02 |23.04 |} == Insidén == Di tanggal [[19 Séptémber]] [[2007]] jam 15.06 WIB, [[karéta api Taksaka|KA Taksaka]] anu dibetot ku lokomotip [[CC201]] 36 nepi di Stasion Gombong ti arah Jakarta jam 15.01. Tuluy indit deui jam 15.06. Ngan karék gé indit, gerbong 5 ngagejlog nepi ka pintu pangliwatan karéta/JPL 534. Gerbong kalawan nomer plat E40 éta kasérét di luar jalur sapanjang 100 méter ti lokasi ngagejlogna. Ku kituna, jalur KA Jakarta-Yogya lumpuh total salila 5 jam. Jalur éta normal deui jam 20.20 saenggeus gerbong nomer 5 ti 8 unit karéta geus bisa dibetot. Alatan kahalangan gerbong karéta, Jalan Raya Gombong-Kuwarasan (Puring) ditutup pikeun distérilisasi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0709/20/nas25.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307083026/http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0709/20/nas25.htm|archive-date=2014-03-07|title=KA Taksaka Anjlok di Gombong|date=2007-09-02|work=[[Suara Merdeka]]|access-date=2019-12-29|accessdate=2020-04-15}}</ref> == Galéri == <gallery> File:Stasiun Gombong.jpg|Stasion Gombong, 2019 </gallery> == Tingali ogé == [[Stasion karéta api]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tutumbu luar == {{id}} [https://kai.id/ Ramatloka resmi KAI jeung jadwal karéta api taun 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815051334/https://www.kai.id/ |date=2023-08-15 }} {{stasion|Stasion Ijo|Jalur karéta api Kroya-Kutoarjo|Stasion Karanganyar}} {{stasion karéta api di Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Stasion karéta di Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:Gombong, Kebumén]] gmwu9uq1nkk4u6hu3cog8lg3nbby0tj Urang Malayu 0 99348 729340 712009 2026-09-27T01:53:09Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Artikel petingan}} [[File:Malay couple.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Salaki pamajikan saatos ngalaksanakeun upacara akad nikah (prosesi kawinan). Panganten lalaki nganggo baju Malayu anu dipasangkan sareng songkok sareng songket, sedengkeun panganten awéwé nganggo baju kurung sareng jilbab.]] '''Urang Malayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Jawi]]: ملايو) wirua grup étnis [[Austronesia]] utami nu nyicingan Semenanjung Melayu, kidul [[Thailand]], pantai kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Bornéo]] gisik basisir kaasup [[Brunéi]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]], Sarawak jeung basisir [[Sabah]], [[Filipina]] kulon teur kidul, jeung palulo alit nu aya di antara lokasi-tempat ieu — sacara pas dikenal salaku "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi ieu ayeuna wirua bagian naragara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunéi]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], jeung [[Filipina]]. [[File:Malay tricolour.svg|250px|thumbnail|Bandéra Triwarna Melayu anu némbongkeun idéntitas urang Malayu]] Aya karagaman basa, budaya, artistik, sareng sosial anu lumayan ageung di antara seueur subgrup Melayu, utamina kusabab ratusan taun imigrasi sareng asimilasi rupa-rupa étnis sareng suku régional di Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamina turunan ti suku Austronesia sareng Austroasia anu nganggo basa Melayu sateuacanna anu ngadegkeun sababaraha nagara sareng karajaan dagang maritim kuno, khususna [[Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Karajaan Malayu|Melayu]], sareng [[Karajaan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Kamekaran sareng ngadegna Kasultanan Malaka dina abad ka-15 nyababkeun révolusi ageung dina sajarah urang Melayu. Ieu kajadian kusabab kasultanan mawa parobahan anu signifikan pisan kana sistem budaya sareng kasultanan ngahontal kamulyaan dina periode éta. Numutkeun catetan sajarah, urang Malayu geus dipikawanoh salaku komunitas dagang lintas cai anu mibanda ciri budaya anu dinamis.{{sfn|Milner|2010|p=131}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7, 32, 33 & 43}} Aranjeunna tiasa nyerep, ngabagi, sareng nyebarkeun seueur budaya unik ti kelompok étnis sanés, sapertos budaya Minang sareng Acéh. Kadatangan Kasultanan Malaka dina abad ka-15 micu révolusi utama dina sajarah Melayu, anu pentingna aya dina warisan pulitik sareng budayana anu lega. Tanda-tanda umum anu pasti ngeunaan ka-Melayuan — agama Islam, basa sareng tradisi Malayu — dianggap parantos diproklamasikeun dina jaman ieu, anu ngarah kana étnogenesis urang Malayu salaku kelompok étnoreligius utama di daérah éta. Dina sastra, arsitéktur, tradisi kuliner, pakean tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri sareng tradisi karaton, Malaka netepkeun standar anu ditiru ku kasultanan Melayu salajengna. Mangsa kajayaan kasultanan Melayu di Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, sareng basisir Kalimantan ningali seueur pendudukna, khususna ti sababaraha komunitas suku sapertos [[Batak]], Dayak, Urang Asli, sareng Urang Laut, tunduk kana Islamisasi sareng Invasi Melayu. Sapanjang sajarah, istilah "Melayu" parantos diperpanjang ka kelompok étnis sanés dina "[[Dunya Malayu]]"; panggunaan ieu ayeuna seuseueurna diwatesan di Malaysia sareng Singapura, dimana turunan sanés tina kelompok étnis ieu disebut Anak Dagang ("padagang") sareng seuseueurna asalna ti Indonésia sapertos urang Acéh, Banjar, Bugis, Mandailing, [[urang Minang|Minangkabau]] sareng [[urang Jawa|Jawa]]. == Étimologi == [[Gambar:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|Kompleks Candi Muaro Jambi di [[Jambi]], sajarahna dihubungkeun sareng [[Karajaan Malayu]] pra-Islam. Urang Melayu-Sriwijaya katelah ngawangun sistem wangunan anu rumit di ibukotana, kota-kota utama, sareng pusat-pusat kota anu penting.]] [[Gambar:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang di [[Kota Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Numutkeun ''Sejarah Melayu'', éta pasir nyatet datangna Sang Sapurba, karuhun legendaris pikeun rupa-rupa kulawarga karajaan Malayu di Sumatra, Semenanjung Malaya, sareng Kalimantan.]] Literatur epik ''Malay Annals'' ngahubungkeun asal usul étimologis "Melayu" ka walungan leutik anu dingaranan ''Sungai Melayu'' ('walungan Melayu') di [[Sumatra]], [[Indonésia]]. Epik éta salah nyebutkeun yén walungan éta ngalir ka Walungan Musi di Palembang, padahal kanyataanna ngalir ka Walungan Batang Hari di [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah ieu dipercaya asalna tina kecap Melayu ''melaju'', kombinasi tina awalan verbal 'me' sareng akar kecap 'laju', anu hartosna "ngagancangkeun", dianggo pikeun ngagambarkeun arus walungan anu gancang.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Salaku ngaran tempat (toponim) === Sateuacan abad ka-15, istilah "Melayu" sareng varian anu sami sigana dianggo salaku [[toponimi]] lami pikeun daérah Selat Malaka sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", digambarkeun dina bab 48, Vayu Purana salaku salah sahiji propinsi di laut wétan anu pinuh ku emas sareng pérak. Sababaraha sarjana nyaruakeun istilah ieu sareng [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} tapi sababaraha sarjana India yakin istilah ieu kedah nujul ka Semenanjung Malaya anu pagunungan, sedengkeun Sumatra langkung pas dihubungkeun sareng Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – hiji lokasi di Golden Chersonese, tina karya Ptolemy, Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – disebutkeun ku Yijing, saurang biarawan Buddha Cina ti Dinasti Tang anu nganjang ka Asia Tenggara dina taun 688–695. Nurutkeun Yijing, karajaan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' ayana dina jarak 15 poé balayar ti Bogha (Palembang), ibukota Sribhoga ([[karajaan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh waktu 15 poé balayar pikeun nepi ka Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) ti Mo-lo-yu; ku kituna, bisa disebutkeun yén Mo-Lo-Yu bakal aya di tengah-tengah antara dua tempat éta.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Hiji téori populér ngahubungkeun ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' sareng Jambi di Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi bertentangan sareng katerangan Yi Jing ngeunaan "satengah jalan pelayaran antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) sareng ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Dina jaman Dinasti Yuan (1271–1368) sareng [[Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), kecap ''Ma-La-Yu'' sering disebutkeun dina téks sajarah Cina – kalayan parobahan éjahan kusabab rentang waktu antara dinasti-dinasti éta – pikeun nujul ka hiji bangsa di deukeut laut kidul. Diantara istilah anu digunakeun nyaéta "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — disusud tina sumber tinulis biarawan Xuanzang) sareng Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – disebutkeun dina prasasti Tanjore. Karajaan ieu digambarkeun salaku karajaan anu gaduh "gunung anu kuat pikeun bentengna" anu murag ka penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I dina abad ka-11. Bisa jadi ayana di Sumatra, antara Pannai jeung Sriwijaya ([[Kota Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} meureun di situs arkéologis Muaro Jambi.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – disebutkeun ku ahli géografi Arab abad ka-12 [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]] dina Tabula Rogeriana, éta ngagambarkeun semenanjung Malaya salaku pulo anu panjang sareng nyebatna Malai, wawatesan sareng Qmer (Khmer) sareng 12 dinten balayar ti Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (sacara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi tina Prasasti Padang Roco tanggal 1286 CE ku Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah ieu aya patalina jeung karajaan [[Dharmasraya]]. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – disebutkeun dina babad Dinasti Yuan, nujul kana hiji bangsa di Semenanjung Malaya anu nyanghareupan ékspansi Karajaan Sukhothai ka kidul, nalika pamaréntahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik éta nyatakeun: "''..Permusuhan lumangsung antara Siam sareng Ma-li-yu-er sareng duanana silih paéhan ...''". Pikeun ngaréspon tindakan Sukhothai, saurang utusan Cina angkat ka karaton Ram Khamhaeng dina taun 1295 mawa paréntah kaisar: "Tepati jangji anjeun sareng ulah ngalakukeun kajahatan ka Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – disebutkeun dina catetan [[Marco Polo]] salaku karajaan anu aya di Semenanjung Malaya,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} kamungkinan sami sareng anu disebutkeun dina babad Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kota Malaya" atanapi "bénténg Malaya"), anu diukir dina prasasti Amoghapasa anu tanggalna taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah éta dianggo ku Adityawarman pikeun nyebut [[Dharmasraya]]. Saran séjénna kaasup kecap [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (salaku kecap pagawéan: lumpat, partisip: buronan), atawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (ngagancangkeun sacara ajeg), nuduhkeun mobilitas anu luhur jeung sipat migrasi masarakatna. De Barros (1552) nyebutkeun yén Iskandar Shah méré ngaran ''Malaios'' (urang Malayu) kitu lantaran bapana diusir ti nagarana. Albuquerque nerangkeun yén Parameswara ngungsi (''malayo'') ti karajaan Palembang ka Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} === Salaku ngaran étnis (etnonim) === {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 420 | image1 = Malays from the Malacca Sultanate Codice Casanatense.jpg | alt1 = Urang Malayu Malaka | caption1 = Cat cai Portugis urang Malaya di Malaka, kira-kira taun 1540, dipidangkeun dina Códice Casanatense. | image2 = A Malay couple RBSeite93.jpg | alt2 = Pasangan Malayu | caption2 = Ilustrasi pasangan Malayu, ti ''Reise nach Batavia'', antara taun 1669 jeung 1682 | image3 = JogetUNISEL.jpg | alt3 = Tari Joget | caption3 = Tari Joget ti Kasultanan Malaka; seueur aspék budaya Malayu anu asalna ti karaton Malaka }} Kecap "Melayu" salaku étnonim, pikeun nuduhkeun gugusan étnologis anu béda pisan, dianggap geus jadi populer sapanjang integrasi Kasultanan Malaka salaku kakuatan régional dina abad ka-15. Ieu diterapkeun pikeun ngalaporkeun keberpihakan sosial urang Malaka dibandingkeun sareng urang asing di daérah anu sami, khususna [[urang Jawa]] sareng Thai.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=4}} Ieu dibuktikeun tina daptar kecap Malayu awal abad ka-16 ku Antonio Pigafetta (anu milu dina pelayaran Magellan), anu ngarujuk kana panggunaan frasa ''chiara Malaiu'' ('cara Malayu') di maritim Asia Tenggara pikeun nuduhkeun ''al parlare de Malaea'' ([[basa Italia]] pikeun "nyarioskeun Malaka").{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=22}} Numutkeun sejarawan Anthony Milner, sastra Malayu klasik sering ngagambarkeun urang Malayu dina harti anu langkung heureut tibatan interpretasi modéren; ngarujuk kana téks-téks ieu salaku bukti pandangan ieu:<ref name="Milner2008">{{Cite book |last=Milner |first=Anthony |title=The Malays |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2008 |isbn=9781444305098 |doi=10.1002/9781444305098}}</ref>{{rp|91–92}} * ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'', anu utamina ditulis dina abad ka-17, ngan ukur ngaidéntifikasi urang Malayu salaku subjék Kasultanan Malaka.<ref>See also {{Cite journal |last=Hooker |first=Virginia Matheson |date=2016 |editor-last=Fleet |editor-first=Kate |title=Hang Tuah, Hikayat |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/*-COM_30299 |journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam |language=en |edition=3 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_30299 |access-date=11 Agustus 2026 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> * ''Hikayat Patani'', anu dikarang ti taun 1690–1730, ngagunakeun istilah ieu sacara éksklusif pikeun Johor.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bradley |first=Francis R. |date=Juni 2009 |title=Moral order in a time of damnation: The ''Hikayat Patani'' in historical context |doi=10.1017/S0022463409000150 |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=40 |issue=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Porath |first=Nathan |date= |title=The ''Hikayat Patani'': The Kingdom of Patani in the Malay and Thai Political World |journal=Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=84 |issue=2 (301) |page=54 |doi=10.1353/ras.2011.0016}}</ref> * Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (katelah ogé Sejarah Kedah), anu ditulis dina ahir abad ka-18 atanapi awal abad ka-19, henteu nganggo kecap "Malayu" pikeun ngaranan urang [[Kedah]]. * ''Hikayat Aceh'', anu diperkirakeun ditulis antara taun 1636 sareng 1700, sacara éksplisit ngaitkeun étnis Malayu sareng Johor, tapi henteu ngalakukeun hal anu sami nalika nujul ka [[Acéh]] atanapi Deli.<ref name="Iskandar1958">{{cite book |last=Iskandar |first=Teuku |title=De Hikajat Atjeh |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |location='s-Gravenhage |date=1958 |url=http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/32197 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260803204800/https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/32197 |archive-date=2026-08-03 |doi=10.26530/OAPEN_613413 |accessdate=2026-08-11}}</ref>{{rp|2–4}}<ref>See also {{cite journal |last=Braginsky |first=Vladimir |date=2008 |title=Structure, date and sources of Hikayat Aceh revisited: The problem of Mughal-Malay literary ties |journal=Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia |volume=162 |issue=4 |pages=441–467 |doi=10.1163/22134379-90003662}}</ref> Nanging, Milner nyatet, karya-karya ieu parantos ngalaman seueur éditan salami waktos ku rupa-rupa penyalin, anu panginten kalebet bubuka atanapi paningkatan konsép idéntitas "Malayu"; hiji salinan Sejarah Malayu, contona, nampilkeun pupuhu di [[Kota Palémbang|Palémbang]] anu nujul kana "turunan kuring", sedengkeun salinan anu langkung énggal maca "rakyat Malayu".{{sfn|Milner2008|p=90–91}} == Budaya == === Basa === [[Gambar:Prasasti Kedukan Bukit 3.jpg|thumb|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] ditulis dalam [[aksara Pallawa]]. Ti saprak taun 683, ieu mangrupikeun salah sahiji artefak tulisan Malayu pangkolotna anu masih aya.]] {{Main|Basa Malayu}} {{See also|Abjad Jawi}} [[Basa Malayu]] mangrupa salah sahiji basa anu pangpunjulna di dunya, utamana ti kulawarga basa Austronesia. Varian sareng dialek basa Melayu dianggo salaku basa resmi di [[Brunéi]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonésia]] sareng [[Singapura]]. Basa ieu ogé dianggo di [[Thailand]] kidul, [[Kapuloan Cocos (Keeling)|Kapuloan Cocos]], [[Pulo Natal]], [[Sri Langka]]. Basa ieu diucapkeun sacara asli ku sakitar 33 juta jalma di sakuliah Kapuloan Malayu sareng dianggo salaku basa kadua ku sakitar 220 juta.{{sfn|Wright|2007|p=492}} Wangun basa Malayu pangkolotna asalna tina basa Proto-Malayu-Polinésia anu diucapkeun ku padumuk Austronésia pangkolotna di [[Asia Kidul Wétan]]. Wangun ieu engkéna mekar jadi basa Melayu Kuna nalika budaya jeung agama India mimiti nembus wewengkon éta. Basa Malayu Kuna ngandung sababaraha istilah anu masih aya nepi ka ayeuna, tapi tetep teu kaharti ku panyatur modéren, sedengkeun basa modéren ieu geus loba dipikawanoh dina basa Malayu Klasik tinulis, anu wangun pangkolotna asalna ti taun 1303 Masehi.{{sfn|Teeuw|1959|p=149}} Basa Malayu mekar jadi basa Malayu Klasik ngaliwatan asupna rupa-rupa kosakecap [[basa Arab|Arab]] jeung [[basa Pérsi|Pérsi]] sacara laun-laun nalika Islam asup ka wilayah éta, sarta dina prosésna robah sacara signifikan. Mimitina, basa Malayu Klasik mangrupa sakumpulan dialek anu rupa-rupa, anu ngagambarkeun asal-usul karajaan Malayu di Asia Tenggara anu rupa-rupa. Salah sahiji dialek ieu, anu dimekarkeun dina tradisi sastra Kasultanan Malaka dina abad ka-15, antukna janten dominan. Jaman Malaka ditandaan ku robahna basa Melayu jadi basa Islam, sarupa jeung basa Arab, Persia, Urdu, jeung [[basa Swahili|Swahili]]. [[Aksara Arab]] anu diadaptasi anu disebut [[abjad Jawi|Jawi]] dianggo pikeun ngagantikeun aksara Kawi, terminologi agama sareng budaya Islam diasimilasi sacara lega, miceun seueur kecap Hindu-Buda, sareng basa Malayu janten basa pangajaran sareng panyebaran Islam di sakumna wilayah Asia Tenggara. Dina puncak kakawasaan Malaka dina abad ka-15, basa Melayu Klasik nyebar ka saluareun dunya<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59">{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}</ref> panyatur basa Malayu tradisional sareng ngahasilkeun ''lingua franca'' anu disebut ''Bahasa Melayu pasar'' ("Bazaar Malayu") atanapi ''Bahasa Melayu rendah'' ("Malayu Handap"), sabalikna tina ''Bahasa Melayu tinggi'' ("Malayu Luhur") Malaka.{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=84}} Sacara umum dipercaya yén basa Malayu Bazaar mangrupikeun basa pidgin sareng kamekaran anu paling penting nyaéta basa pidgin dikréolisasi, nyiptakeun sababaraha basa énggal sapertos basa Malayu Ambon, Malayu Manado sareng [[basa Batawi]].{{sfn|Sneddon|2003|p=60}} Pangarang [[Éropa]] dina abad ka-17 sareng ka-18, sapertos Tavernier, Thomassin sareng Werndly ngagambarkeun basa Melayu salaku "''basa anu dipimilik ku jalma-jalma terpelajar di sakumna Hindia, sapertos [[basa Latén]] di Éropa''".{{sfn|Sweeney|1987}} Ieu ogé anu paling seueur dianggo nalika jaman kolonial Inggris sareng Walanda di Kapuloan Malayu.{{sfn|Van der Putten|Cody|2009|p=55}} Anu sabalikna katingali di Hindia Wétan Spanyol, dimana latinisasi massal di kapuloan ieu salami mangsa kolonial nyababkeun kudeta sajarah basa Malayu di Filipina. Dialek Kasultanan Johor, panerus langsung Malaka, janten basa standar di kalangan urang Malayu di [[Singapura]] sareng [[Malaysia]], sareng éta ngawangun dasar asli pikeun [[basa Indonésia]] anu distandardisasi.<ref name="Sneddon 2003 59"/>{{sfn|Wong|1973|p=126}}{{sfn|Clyne|1992|p=413}}{{sfn|Brown|Ogilvie|2009|p=678}} Salian ti basa Malayu standar, anu dimekarkeun di lingkungan Malaka-Johor, aya ogé rupa-rupa dialek Malayu lokal. Contona, urang Bangka, urang Brunéi, urang Jambi, urang Kelantan, urang Kedah, urang Negeri Sembilan, urang Palémbang, urang Pattani, urang Sarawak, urang Terengganu, jeung réa-réa deui. Basa Malayu sacara historis ditulis nganggo [[aksara Pallawa]], [[aksara Kawi|Kawi]] sareng Rencong. Saatos datangna Islam, [[abjad Jawi|aksara Jawi]] anu dumasar kana [[basa Arab]] diadopsi sareng masih dianggo dugi ka ayeuna salaku salah sahiji tina dua aksara resmi di Brunéi sareng salaku aksara alternatif di Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards |work=The Star |year=2008 |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation |archive-date=29 Oktober 2012 }}</ref> Dimimitian ti abad ka-17, salaku hasil tina penjajahan Inggris sareng Walanda, Jawi laun-laun diganti ku aksara Rumi<ref>{{cite web |title=Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو) |website=Omniglot |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |access-date=11 Agustus 2026 |archive-date=26 Juni 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115200/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> anu dumasar kana Latin anu antukna janten aksara resmi modéren pikeun basa Malayu di [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], sareng [[Indonésia]], sareng aksara resmi di [[Brunéi]]. === Arsitéktur === {{See also|Imah Malayu}} [[Gambar:Rumah kedah.gif|thumb|350px|Imah tradisional Malayu di [[Kedah]], dihias ku panel ukiran khas Semenanjung Malaya kalér.]] [[Imah Malayu]] nujul kana tempat tinggal vernakular urang Malayu, hiji kelompok étno-linguistik anu cicing di [[Sumatra]], basisir [[Kalimantan]], sareng Semenanjung Malaya. Wangun arsitéktur tradisional, sapertos hateup anu cocog sareng tropis sareng proporsi anu harmonis kalayan unsur hiasan dianggap masih gaduh nilai budaya anu ageung ku seueur jalmi di daérah éta. Nanging, wangunan-wangunan ieu meryogikeun pangropéa anu signifikan dibandingkeun sareng konstruksi modéren; sapertos tantangan dina ngalestarikeun bahan utama na, kai, tina pangaruh buruk cuaca tropis ogé serangan rayap. Kamampuh ngawangun vernakular ieu laun-laun leungit di [[Malaysia]] sabab kai alami beuki langka alatan deforestasi sajaba ti industrialisasi,<ref name=H>{{cite news |date=16 Méi 2026 |page=B7|newspaper=The Straits Times|department=Letter From... |title=Guest houses, film sets: Traditional Malay houses in demand with new lease of life|author=Hadi Azmi }}</ref> sedengkeun di [[Indonésia]] tempat tinggal tradisional sapertos kitu masih kénéh aya di daérah padésaan. Sanaos transformasi urban di [[Singapura]] parantos ngaleungitkeun ampir sadaya lingkungan urban Malayu, sababaraha bumi anu nampilkeun arsitéktur vernakular ieu masih salamet, utamina dipusatkeun di pulo lepas pantai Pulau Ubin.{{Citation needed|date=Désémber 2022}} Usaha pikeun ngalestarikeun gaya arsitéktur asli kapuloan Indonésia parantos dilaksanakeun ngalangkungan dokumentasi sareng réplika kreasi di paviliun [[daptar propinsi di Indonésia|propinsi]] di [[Taman Mini Indonesia Indah]], [[Jakarta]]. Nu boga imah tradisional Malaysia anu masih kénéh aya ogé nyéwakeun imah-imah éta ka studio produksi salaku lokasi syuting pilem sareng iklan, sareng homestay, salaku sumber panghasilan tambahan.<ref name=H/> === Agama === [[Gambar:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien di [[Brunéi]] dina wengi Ramadhan. Karajaan anu beunghar ieu nganut Melayu Islam Beraja (''Monarki Islam Malayu'') salaku filsafat nasional saprak kamerdékaanana dina taun 1984.]] Masarakat Malayu mimiti seuseueurna [[animisme|animis]], percaya kana ayana ''semangat'' (roh) dina sagala hal.<ref name="zaki1">{{harvnb|Zaki Ragman|2003|pp=1–6}}</ref> Kira-kira dina awal jaman umum, agama [[Hindu]] sareng [[agama Buddha|Budha]] diwanohkeun ku para padagang Asia Kidul ka Kapuloan Melayu, dimana aranjeunna mekar dugi ka abad ka-13, sateuacan datangna Islam anu dibawa ku para padagang Muslim [[urang Arab|Arab]], Asia Kidul, sareng Cina. Dina abad ka-15, Islam ti aliran [[Sunni]] ortodoks mekar di [[dunya Malayu]] dina kakawasaan Kasultanan Malaka. Beda sareng agama Hindu, anu sacara dangkal ngarobih masarakat Malayu awal, Islam tiasa disebatkeun parantos terintegrasi sapinuhna kana kahirupan sapopoe pendudukna.<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Syed Husin Ali|2008|p=57}}</ref> Ti saprak jaman ieu, urang Malayu dianggap salaku kelompok étnoreligius sareng sacara tradisional ngagaduhan idéntifikasi anu caket sareng [[Islam]]{{sfn|Johns|Lahoud|2005|p=157}} sareng aranjeunna henteu ngarobih agama ti saprak harita.<ref name="Syed" /> Identitas ieu kacida kuatna nepi ka disebut-sebut yén pikeun jadi Muslim nyaéta pikeun ''masuk Melayu'' (asup ka Malayu).{{sfn|Andaya|Andaya|1984|p=55}} Sanajan kitu, kapercayaan-kapercayaan samemehna anu miboga akar anu leuwih jero, aranjeunna tetep ngalawan kutukan Islam – sareng memang mistisisme [[tasawuf]] parantos ngahiji di antara urang Malayu, sareng roh-roh dunya animisme samemehna sareng sababaraha unsur Hindu.{{sfn|Winstedt|1925|p=125}} Saatos taun 1970-an, kebangkitan Islam (disebut ogé re-Islamisasi{{sfn|Burgat|2003|p=54}}) di sakumna dunya Muslim, seueur tradisi anu dianggap bertentangan sareng ajaran Islam sareng ngandung unsur syirik ditinggalkeun ku [[urang Malayu Malaysia|urang Malayu di Malaysia]], sedengkeun di kalangan [[urang Malayu Indonésia|urang Malayu di Indonésia]], tradisi ieu henteu dianggap takhayul sareng ngandung unsur syirik. Di antara tradisi-tradisi ieu nyaéta festival ''mandi [[Safar]]'', festival mandi pikeun ngahontal kasucian spiritual, anu tiasa dititénan ciri-cirina anu sami sareng sababaraha tradisi dina Durga Puja di [[India]].{{sfn|Bolton|Hutton|2000|p=184}} Seuseueurna étnis Malayu modéren anu ngagem Islam [[Sunni]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay of Malaysia |publisher=Bethany World Prayer Center |url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |access-date=11 Agustus 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010191042/http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code3/1892.html |archive-date=10 Oktober 2012}}</ref> sareng festival Malayu anu paling penting nyaéta anu asalna Islam - ''[[Idulfitri|Hari Raya Aidilfitri]]'', ''[[Iduladha|Hari Raya Aidiladha]]'', ''[[Muharom|Awal Muharram]]'', sareng ''[[Muludan|Maulidur Rasul]]''. Urang Malayu anu kaluar tina Islam di Malaysia sareng Brunéi dianggap murtad. Nanging, aya sajumlah étnis Malayu anu cicing di luar nagara-nagara ieu ogé parantos nganut agama sanés sacara sah dumasar kana hukum. === Musik === {{See also|Musik Malayu}} [[Musik Malayu]] nyaéta hiji genre musik tradisional anu asalna sarta dimekarkeun di basisir wétan [[Sumatra]], [[Kalimantan]], sarta Semenanjung Malaya.<ref>Sahputra, T. W. H., Martarosa, & Warhat, Z. (2019). ''[https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/408383-musik-jazz-melayu-dalam-kajian-kreativit-7b989836.pdf Musik jazz Melayu dalam kajian kreativitas]''. ''Melayu Arts and Performance Journal'', 2(2), 191–200. </ref> Musik ieu biasana dinyanyikeun ku jalma-jalma ti kelompok étnis Malayu sareng sering dipirig ku tarian has lokal Melayu, contona nawiskeun tarian dina acara atanapi pésta tradisional, ngabagéakeun tamu kahormatan, sareng dina kagiatan agama.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Purba|first=Junaidi|last2=Putri|first2=Sabrina Maulidia|last3=Nelson|first3=Ricky|last4=Silaban|first4=Cahyani Yesika br|last5=Ridho|first5=Muhammad Habibur|last6=Andika|first6=Riki|last7=Sitorus|first7=Christina Harianti|last8=Sa|first8=Maulidha|last9=Dardanila|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TRANSFORMATION_OF_TRADITIONAL_ARTS_RESPO/mtaeEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL ARTS: RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE TIMES|publisher=Mawadra Lestari Enterprise|isbn=978-629-95611-1-8|pages=62|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asbullah|first=Habib|last2=Rizkia|first2=Ayu|last3=Batrisya|last4=Julianto|first4=Deldi|last5=Pangestu|first5=Dimas|last6=Rania|first6=Dinda Safira|last7=Miranti|first7=Dwi|last8=Afrillia|first8=Ega|last9=Irianto|first9=Ega Deni|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengabadikan_Riau_Buku_I/WXsgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=Mengabadikan Riau: Buku I: Antologi Esai Kebudayaan|publisher=Penerbit Pustaka Rumah C1nta|isbn=978-623-7961-67-3|pages=95|language=id|url-status=live}}</ref> Anu pikaresepeun tina genre musik ieu nyaéta dina komposisina anu diwangun ku lirik lagu anu ngandung puisi anu disaluyukeun sareng kahirupan sapopoe, cinta (sapertos Dondang Sayang) sareng pinuh ku ajaran (pesen moral), dieusi ku sora atanapi vokal cengkok has Malayu, sareng aransemen musik anu disusun rapih. Bareng jeung kamekaran jaman, musik Malayu geus ngalaman parobahan dina gaya musikna, contona, geus ngalaman fusi jeung [[musik pop]], [[musik rock]], jeung [[dangdut]]. Aliran ieu tiasa dipendakan di nagara-nagara anu aya patalina sareng Malayu, sapertos [[Indonésia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], sareng [[Brunéi]]. Dina awal kamekaranana, alat musik anu dianggo didominasi ku aksi [[rebana]] anu disebut Kompang ti [[Kabupatén Ponorogo|Ponorogo]], petik gambus, gesek [[biola]], jepit akordeon, paripolah [[goong]], sareng niup sarunai. Ieu dipangaruhan ku budaya tanah [[urang Arab|Arab]] sareng [[Éropa]] tradisional. Bareng jeung kamekaran téknologi, kabéh ieu geus diganti ku alat musik éléktronik dina wangun kibor. Nanging, dina kagiatan-kagiatan tertentu alat musik tradisional masih dianggo pikeun ngalestarikeun warisan budaya. Dina kamajuanana, gerakan ieu populér dina taun 80-an sareng bahkan lebet kana era "puncak kajayaan" dina taun 90-an. Ieu ditandaan ku ningkatna jumlah penyanyi sareng [[grup musik|band]] Malayu, sareng pendatang anyar anu muncul kalayan lagu-lagu khasna nyalira. === Seni pintonan === [[Gambar:Joget Gamelan 1937.jpg|thumb|Pagelaran Joget Gamelan, 1937]] Urang Malayu miboga rupa-rupa musik jeung tari anu mangrupa gabungan tina rupa-rupa pangaruh budaya. Genre hasna mimitian ti tarian rahayat tradisional Malayu sapertos Mak Yong dugi ka tarian Zapin anu dipangaruhan ku [[urang Arab|Arab]]. Gerakan koreografi ogé rupa-rupa, ti léngkah sareng lagu anu saderhana dina Dikir barat dugi ka gerakan anu rumit dina Joget Gamelan. Musik tradisional Malayu dasarna nyaéta musik perkusi. Rupa-rupa [[goong|gong]] nyadiakeun ketukan pikeun seueur tarian. Aya ogé kendang kalayan rupa-rupa ukuran, mimitian ti ''rebana ubi'' ageung anu dianggo pikeun nandakeun kajadian penting dugi ka ''rebana leutik anu digesek'' ([[drum|drum pigura]]) anu dianggo salaku iringan pikeun bacaan vokal dina upacara agama.{{sfn|Moore|1998|p=48}} [[Gambar:KITLV - 3676 - Lambert & Co., G.R. - Singapore - Mahjong dance and drama at Penang Island - circa 1903.tif|thumb|left|Sakelompok penari Malayu Siam anu mintonkeun Mak Yong (kira-kira abad ka-19). Dina taun 2005, éta nampi pangakuan salaku salah sahiji karya agung warisan lisan sareng teu kasat mata umat manusa ku UNESCO.]] Musik nobat janten bagian tina Royal Regalia di karaton Malayu saprak datangna Islam dina abad ka-12 sareng ngan ukur dipintonkeun dina upacara-upacara penting karaton. Orkestrana ngawengku instrumen suci sareng dihormat pisan sapertos ''nehara'' ([[kendang]]), ''gendang'' (kendang dua sirah), ''nafiri'' (trompet), ''serunai'' (oboe), sareng sakapeung [[goong]] kenop sareng sapasang simbal.{{sfn|Marshall Cavendish|2007|p=1220}} Pangaruh India kuat dina drama kalangkang tradisional anu katelah Wayang Kulit dimana carita-carita tina epik Hindu; [[Ramayana]] & [[Mahabarata|Mahabharata]] ngawangun repertoar utama. Aya opat tipe has tina teater wayang kulit nu bisa kapanggih di Semenanjung Malaya; ''Wayang Gedek'', ''Wayang Purwa'', ''Wayang Melayu'' jeung ''Wayang Siam''.{{sfn|Srinivasa|2003|p=296}}{{sfn|Ghulam Sarwar Yousof|1997|p=3}}{{sfn|Matusky|1993|pp=8–11}} Sanajan kitu, seni sareng carita ''Wayang Purwa'' sareng ''Wayang Siam'' nunjukkeun pangaruh régional anu ngahiji sareng [[urang Jawa]] sareng Siam, sedengkeun ''Wayang Melayu'' sareng ''Wayang Gedek'' nyaritakeun bentuk sareng busana Malayu anu langkung asli. Seni pintonan Malayu anu kakoncara séjénna nyaéta; Teater ''Bangsawan'', ''Dondang Sayang'' balad jeung tarian ''Mak Inang'' ti Kasultanan Malaka, Teater ''Jikey'' jeung ''Mek Mulung'' ti [[Kedah]], Tari ''Asyik'' jeung Drama Tari ''Menora'' ti Patani jeung Kelantan, Tari ''Ulek mayang'' jeung ''Rodat'' ti Terengganu, Teater ''Boria'' ti Penang, Tari ''Canggung'' ti Perlis, Lagu naratif ''Mukun'' ti [[Brunéi]] jeung Sarawak,{{sfn|Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin|2009}}<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009">{{harvnb|Ahmad Salehuddin|2009}}</ref> [[Gending Sriwijaya]] ti [[Kota Palémbang|Palémbang]], ''Serampang Dua Belas'' ti Serdang,<ref name="Ahmad Salehuddin 2009"/> Zapin Api tari seuneu ti [[Riau]] jeung Dikir barat Singapura ti [[Singapura]]. === Seni visual === [[Gambar:Burung Petala Indera I.png|thumb|Burung Petala Indra, manuk mitos raksasa anu dijieun pikeun parade sunat agung pangeran Kelantan.]] Seni ukir kai mangrupa bagian tina [[seni rupa|seni visual]] Malayu klasik. Urang Malayu sacara tradisional ngahias monumen, parahu, pakarang, makam, alat musik, sareng parabotna ku motif flora, kaligrafi, géométri sareng fitur kosmik. Seni ieu dilakukeun ku cara miceun sabagian kai nganggo alat seukeut sareng nuturkeun pola, komposisi, sareng urutan anu khusus. Bentuk seni ieu, katelah ''ukir'', dipuji salaku tindakan bakti para pengrajin ka nu nyiptakeun sareng hadiah ka sasama manusa.{{sfn|Said|2005}} Bentuk seni ieu utamina disababkeun ku lobana kai di Kapuloan Malayu sareng ogé ku kaparigelan para tukang ukir kai anu ngamungkinkeun urang Malayu pikeun latihan ukir kai salaku karajinan. Latar tropis alami dimana flora sareng fauna seueur pisan parantos ngainspirasi motif pikeun digambarkeun dina bentuk abstrak atanapi bergaya kana papan kai. Kalayan datangna Islam, bentuk géométri sareng kaligrafi Islam diwanohkeun dina ukiran kai. Kai anu dianggo biasana tina spésiés kai keras tropis anu dipikanyaho awét sareng tiasa tahan serangan jamur, kumbang boot listrik, sareng rayap.{{sfn|Said|2002}} Imah tradisional Malayu atanapi [[masjid]] biasana dihias ku langkung ti 20 komponén ukiran. Ukiran dina témbok sareng panel ngamungkinkeun angin ngahiliwir sacara efektif ka jero sareng ka luar gedong sareng tiasa ngantepkeun sinar panonpoé nyaangan bagian jero struktur. Dina waktos anu sami, kalangkang anu ditimbulkeun ku panel-panel éta ogé bakal nyiptakeun kalangkang dumasar kana motif-motif anu nambahan kaéndahan dina lanté. Ku kituna, komponén anu diukir ngalaksanakeun tujuan fungsional sareng estetika. ==Kelompok sub-étnis== {{Tingali ogé|Urang Malayu Indonésia|Urang Malayu Malaysia}} ==Tingali ogé== * [[Dunya Malayu]] * [[Imah Malayu]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Indonésia|Melayu]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Malaysia|Melayu]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Singapura|Melayu]] [[Kategori:Sélér bangsa di Indonésia|Melayu]] [[Kategori:Sélér bangsa di Malaysia|Melayu]] {{Authority control}} {{pondok}} p2ex5couskrphm9enwmpxf7tf5z5bqf Muhammad Ali 0 99394 729228 712963 2026-09-26T18:06:55Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info Jalma|name=Muhammad Ali|image=Muhammad Ali NYWTS.jpg{{!}}border|caption=Ali in 1967|birth_name=Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.|birth_date={{birth date|1942|1|17}}|birth_place=[[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.|death_date={{death date and age|2016|6|3|1942|1|17}}|death_place=[[Scottsdale, Arizona]], U.S.|resting_place=[[Cave Hill Cemetery]], Louisville, Kentucky|education=[[Central High School (Louisville, Kentucky)|Central High School]] (1958)|spouse={{unbulleted list | {{marriage|Sonji Roi|1964|1966|end=div.}} | {{marriage|[[Khalilah Ali|Belinda Boyd]]|1967|1977|end=div.}} | {{marriage|[[Veronica Porché Ali]]|1977|1986|end=div.}} | {{marriage|Yolanda Williams<br />|1986<!--Omission per template instructions-->}} }}|partner=|children=9, including [[Laila Ali]]|parents={{plainlist| * [[Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr.]] * [[Odessa Grady Clay]] }}|relatives=[[Rahman Ali]] (brother)|website={{URL|http://muhammadali.com/}}}} '''Muhammad Ali''' ({{IPAc-en|ɑː|ˈ|l|iː}};<ref>Wells, John C. (2008). "Ali". Kamus Prononsiasi Longman (ed. ka-3). Longman. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0</nowiki>. manten tukang boksen Muhammad Ali dilapalkeun ɑːˈliː</ref> lahir '''Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.''';<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/boxing/2016/07/11/muhammad-ali-name-change-cassius-clay/86956544/|title=Why Muhammad Ali never legally changed name from Cassius Clay|last=Peter|first=Josh|website=|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=12 Juli 2016}}</ref> 17 Januari 1942 – 3 Juni 2016) nyaéta tukang tinju profésional Amérika, aktivis sarta darmawan. Nelah ku "''The Greatest'' (pangagungna)" sacara lega dianggap minangka salah sahiji figur olahraga nu paling penting jeung pangdipujana dina abad 20, sarta salah sahiji tukang tinju pangpunjulna sapanjang mangsa. Ali lahir jeung digedékeun di [[Louisville]], [[Kentucky]], sarta mimiti latihan minangka tukang tinju dina umur 12 taun. Dina umur 18 taun manéhna meunangkeun madali emas kelas beurat énténg dina [[Olimpiade Usum Panas 1960]] sarta tuluy jadi pamaén profésional dina taun éta. Manéhna asup Islam dina taun 1961 sarta ganti ngaran jadi Muhammad Ali. Manéhna meunangkeun juara kelas beurat nu teu disangka-sangka ti [[Sonny Liston]] dina umur 22 taun di taun 1964, Taun 1966, Ali nolak pikeun daptar kana wajib militer, alesanna alatan kayakinan agamana sarta teu satuju kana [[Perang Viétnam]].<ref name="HauserThomas" />''<ref name="Roberts">Roberts, Randy (1991). Winning is the Only Thing: Sports in America Since 1945. Johns Hopkins University Press. kk. 171–172.</ref>'' Manéhna tuluy ditahan, dinyatakeun salah alatan nolak ''draft'' wamil, sarta gelar juarana dicabut. Ali naék banding ka Pangadilan Tinggi nu ngabatalkeun putusanna di taun 1971. Najan kitu Ali geus teu tarung salila ampir opat taun sarta keleungitan mangsa puncakna minangka atlét. Aksina salaku hiji jalma nu nuranina kabeuratan kana perang tadi, ngajadikeun dirina hiji ikon pikeun génerasi budaya perlawanan nu leuwih gedé,''<ref>Hallett, Alison. "[http://www.portlandmercury.com/portland/not-so-fast/Content?oid=10883366 Not So Fast]". Portland Mercury. Diaksés 27 Désémber 2013.</ref><ref name="nytimes1">Rhoden, William C. (20 Juni, 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/sports/in-alis-voice-from-the-past-a-stand-for-the-ages.html "In Ali's Voice From the Past, a Stand for the Ages"]. The New York Times.</ref>'' sarta dirina mangrupa tokoh ''high-profile'' kabanggaan rasial pikeun urang Amérika Afrika dina wanci pagerakan hak-hak sipil.<ref name="HauserThomas"/><ref name="hollowverse">{{Cite web|url=http://hollowverse.com/muhammad-ali/|title=The religion and politics of Muhammad Ali|last=|first=|website=Hollowverse|publisher=MK Safi|accessdate=4 Juni 2016|ref=hollowverse}}</ref> Minangka saurang Muslim, Ali ngagabung ka ''Nation of Islam'' (NOI) [[Elijah Muhammad]]. Dirina tuluy teu ngadukung deui NOI, nyepeng ajaran Islam [[Sunni]] sarta ngadukung integrasi rasial kawas manten méntorna, [[Malcolm X]]. Ali mangrupa hiji tukang tinju pinunjul dina abad 20, sarta masih kénéh hiji-hijina juara linéal dina divisi éta. Rekor gabunganna ngéléhkeun 21 tukang tinju pikeun gelar kelas beurat dunia jeung meunang 14 kali pikeun gelar gabungan nanjeur salila 35 taun. Ali hiji-hijina patinju nu kapilih jadi [[Patarung Taun Ieu ku majalah The Ring|Patarung Taun Ieu ku majalah ''The Ring'']] genep kali. Ali diposisikeun minangka patinju pangpunjulna sapanjang mangsa,<ref>"[http://espn.go.com/sports/boxing/topics/_/page/muhammad-ali Muhammad Ali]". ''ESPN''. 20 Januari, 2012. Diaksés 20 Januari, 2012.</ref> sarta mangrupa atlét pangpunjulna di abad 20 ku ''Sports Illustrated'', Pribadi Olahragawan Taun Ieu ku BBC, sarta atlét pangpunjulna katilu ku ESPN ''SportsCentury''.<ref name="ring">{{Cite web|url=http://www.boxinginsider.com/columns/was-ali-the-greatest-heavyweight/|title=Was Ali the Greatest Heavyweight?|last=Donelson|first=Tom|publisher=Boxinginsider.com|accessdate=September 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ap">{{Cite web|url=http://static.espn.go.com/boxing/news/1999/1208/221260.html|title=AP Fighters of the Century list|accessdate=February 12, 2012}}</ref> Dirina geus aub dina sababaraha patarungan tinju jeung pacéngkadan bersajarah, nu paling kawentar ngalawan [[Joe Frazier]] dina ''Thrilla in Manila'' (Raraméan di Manila) sarta ngalawan [[George Foreman]] nu katelah ku judul ''The Rumble in the Jungle'' (Palagan di Leuweung), kawentar “dianggap kajadian olahraga panggedéna di abad 20”    <ref>Kang, Jay Caspian (4 April 2013). [http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/9123674/don-king-faces-end-career "The End and Don King"]. ''Grantland''. ESPN. Diaksés 4 April 2013.</ref><ref>McDougall, Christopher (2014). ''The Best American Sports Writing 2014''. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. k.&nbsp;149. [[Nomer Buku Standar Internasional|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Husus:BookSources/9780544147003|<bdi>9780544147003</bdi>]].</ref> sarta ditonton ku kira-kira samilyar pamiarsa ti sakuliah dunia,<ref name="usatoday">"Revisiting 'The Rumble in the Jungle' 40 years later". ''USA Today''. 29 Oktober 2014.</ref><ref name="jet">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=18 Séptémber 1995|title=Mike Tyson May Fight George Foreman In Biggest Money Match: $80 Million|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46|journal=Jet|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|volume=88|issue=19|page=46|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> mangrupa siaran langsung télévisi panglobana ditongton wanci harita. Ali ogé jadi sorotan nalika loba patarung nu mikeun ka manajerna pikeun urusan biantara, Ali mah teu ngawakilkeun sarta dirina mindeng mamanas batur tur ngomong ka mana karep.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTr-p-Y4P00|title=Muhammad Ali – press conference 1974|last=|first=|website=YouTube|publisher=|accessdate=5 Nopémber 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwPPM_vaNrI|title=Muhammad Ali – Pre Liston Poetry & Highlights|last=|first=|website=|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=5 Nopémber 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6Hey54O6Qs|title=Muhammad Ali Famous Interview After Defeating Foreman|last=|first=|website=YouTube|publisher=|accessdate=5 Nopémber 2013}}</ref> Ali kawentar ku gedé omong sarta mindeng sakarepna nyarita maké wirahma jeung kecap-kecap puisi, tur geus leuwih ti heula maké élemén hip hop.<ref>Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (9 Juni 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/09/opinion/muhammad-ali-the-political-poet.html "''Muhammad Ali, the Political Poet''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref><ref name="rollingstone1">Reeves, Mosi (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/muhammad-ali-worlds-greatest-boxer-was-also-hip-hop-pioneer-20160604 "Muhammad Ali: World's Greatest Boxer Was Also Hip-Hop Pioneer"]. ''Rolling Stone.'' Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref>''<ref name="rollingstone2">Rubin, Mike (5 Juni 2016). [https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/muhammad-ali-4-ways-he-changed-america-20160605 "''Muhammad Ali: 4 Ways He Changed America''"]. ''Rolling Stone''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref>'' Di saluareun ''ring'', Ali meunangkeun kasuksésan minangka musisi, di mana manéhna nampa dua nominasi [[Grammy]].<ref name="rollingstone2" /> Manéhna ogé minton minangka aktor jeung panulis, medalkeun dua autobiografi. Ali reureuh tina tinju taun 1981 sarta suhud dina widang agama jeung amal. Taun 1984, Ali nyieun béwara yén dirina didiagnosis sindrom Parkinson, nu numutkeun béja aya patula-patalina jeung cidera balas tinju<ref name="nytimes">Thomas, Robert McG. Jr. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/20/sports/change-in-drug-helps-ali-improve.html?sec=health "''Change In Drug Helps Ali Improve''"]. The New York Times: kk. D–29. Diaksés pada 9 Maret 2009</ref> najan ku Ali jeung dokter pribadina dibantah.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/sports/muhammad-ali-doctor-doubts-parkinsons-1.3619442 ''AP''] "Muhammad Ali's doctor doubts boxing led to Parkinson's", ''Associated Press'' via ''CBC'', June 6. 2016. Diaksés 1 Séptémber 2018.</ref> Ali tetap jadi figur publik nu aktif sacara global, tapi ka dieunakeun ngawatesan pintonan publikna alatan kondisina nu beuki ripuh. Ali dirawat ku kulawargana. Ali maot dina tanggal 3 Juni 2016. == Kahirupan awal sarta karir amatir == Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. lahir dina tanggal 17 Januari 1942 di [[Louisville]], [[Kentucky]].''<ref name="greatath"/>'' Manéhna boga hiji dulur awéwe jeung opat dulur lalaki.<ref name="Great-grandfather emigrated from Ennis, County Clare, Ireland">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36452554 "Muhammad Ali: Boxer's ancestral Irish town pays tribute after death"]. BBC. Diaksés tanggal 4Juni 2016.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/boxing/1810535.stm ''"Ali has Irish ancestry"'']. BBC News. 9 Pébruari 2002. Diaksés tanggal 5 Agustus 2009.</ref>Manéhna dingaranan maké ngaran bapana, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. (1912-1990), nu ngaranna sorangan dicokot dina raraga ngahargaan ka politisi Republikan abad ka-19 sarta ''abolitionist'' (anti perbudakan) nu keyeng, Cassius Marcellus Clay, nu ogé urang nagara bagian Kentucky. Aki nini Ali ti jalur bapa nyaéta John Clay jeung Sallie Anne Clay; Eva, dulur awéwé Ali, ngakukeun yén Sallie téh pituin [[Madagaskar]].<ref>Egerton, John (1 Séptémber 1991). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=O6YFLYjAgcQC&lpg=PA134&pg=PA134#v=onepage&q&f=false Shades of Gray: Dispatches from the Modern South]''. LSU Press. k. 134. ISBN <bdi>978-0807117057</bdi>. Diaksés 24 Juni 2016.</ref> Ali téh turunan budak beulian ti Kidul ''antebellum'' (jaman méméh perang sipil), sarta utamana mah turunan [[Afrika]] bari aya saeutik getih [[Irlandia]],<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36452554 "''Muhammad Ali: Boxer's ancestral Irish town pays tribute after death''"]. BBC. 4 Juni 2016. Diaksés tanggal 4 Juni 2016.</ref> tur garis turunan [[Inggris]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/boxing/1810535.stm "''Ali has Irish ancestry''"]. BBC News. 9 Pébruari 2002. Diaksés tanggal 5 Juni 2009.</ref><ref>Rietwiesner, Williams Adams. [http://www.wargs.com/other/ali.html "''Ancestry of Muhammad Ali''"].</ref> Aki Ali ti garis indung, Abe Grady, pindahan ti Ennis, Co. Clare, Irlandia.<ref>''[https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/muhammad-ali-proud-irish-roots Irish Central]''</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36452554 BBC]</ref> Tés DNA di taun 2018, nunjukkeun yén, ku jalan garis nini ti bapana, Ali téh mangrupa turunan ti manten budak belian Archer Alexander, nu geus kapilih ku kru gedong ''Emancipation Memorial'' minangka modél pikeun jalma bébas sarta jadi subjék pikeun bukuna ''abolitionist'' William Greenleaf Eliot, ''Carita Archer Alexander: Tina Hamba Sahaya Jadi Merdéka''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2018/10/02/dna-evidence-links-muhammad-ali-heroic-slave-family-says/|title=DNA evidence links Muhammad Ali to heroic slave, family says|last=|first=|website=Washington Post|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=3 Oktober 2018|date=|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"DNA findings link Muhammad Ali to heroic slave". New York Post. Diaksés 3 Oktober 2018</ref> Siga Ali, Alexander bajoang pikeun kabébasanna.<ref>[http://www.blackpast.org/aah/alexander-archer-ca-1810-1879 Alexander, Archer (ca. 1810-1879)] at the ''Online Encyclopedia of Significant People and Places in African American History'' (BlackPast.org); by Susan J. Griffith; dipedalkeun 2011; diaksés 5 Oktober 2013.</ref> Bapana Ali téh tukang ngalukis réklame jeung billboard,<ref name="greatath"/> indungna, Odessa O'Grady Clay (1917-1994), tukang babantu di lembur. Sanajan Cassius Sr. saurang Métodis, manéhna ngijinan Odessa pikeun ngabaptis Cassius Jr. jeung adina, Rudolph "Rudi" Clay (jagana ganti ngaran jadi Rahman Ali).<ref name="Hauser 2004 p14">[[Muhammad Ali#CITEREFHauser2004|Hauser]], k.20</ref> Cassius Jr. asup ka Sakola Luhur Pusat di Louisville. Ali téh disléksia, ku kituna hésé dina diajar maca jeung nulis di sakola ogé dina kahirupanna.<ref name="Eig">{{cite book|last=Eig|first=Jonathan|title=Ali: A Life: Shortlisted for the William Hill Sports Book of the Year 2017|date=2017|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=9781471155963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JzjeDQAAQBAJ|language=en|year=|location=|pages=}}</ref> Ali gedé di tengah-tengah pamilahan rasial. Indungna nyaritakeun hiji kajadian di mana Cassius teu dibéré cai di hiji toko - "Maranéhna teu méré cai, alatan warna kulitna. Hal éta mangaruhan pisan ka dirina."<ref name="HauserThomas"/> Cassius ogé kapangaruhan ku panelasan Emmett Till dina taun 1955, hingga Cassius ngora jeung babaturan ngaruksak rél karéta di lemburna alatan frustasi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hampton|first1=Henry|authorlink1=Henry Hampton|last2=Fayer|first2=Steve|last3=Flynn|first3=Sarah|date=1990|title=Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s through the 1980s|page=321|publisher=[[Bantam Books]]|isbn=978-0-553-05734-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/voicesoffreedom00henr_0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Gorn, Elliott|date=1998|title=Muhammad Ali: The People's Champ|pages=76–77|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-06721-1}}</ref> [[Gambar:Zbigniew_Pietrzykowski_and_Muhammad_Ali_1960.jpg|jmpl|1960 Olympiade: Ali meunang emas ngalawan Zbigniew Pietrzykowski.]] Ali mimiti diarahkeun kana tinju ku pulisi Louisville ogé palatih tinju, Joe E. Martin,<ref>Kandel, Elmo [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611174640/http://www.articleclick.com/Article/Boxing-Legend---Muhammad-Ali/938509 "''Boxing Legend – Muhammad Al''i"]. Article Click (Elmo Kandel). Diaksés 9 Maret, 2009</ref> nu manggihan hiji budak leutik umur 12 taun ambeuk ka hiji bangsat nu geus nyokot sapédahna. Budak éta téh Cassius Clay téa. Clay ngomong ka si pulisi yén manéhna dék ngagebugan si bangsat. Si pulisi nyarita ka Clay, yén Clay mending gé diajar tinju heula.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring05/Shaffer/clay.html|title=Muhammad Ali|last=|first=|website=University of Florida|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531151410/http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring05/Shaffer/clay.html|archive-date=31 Méi 2008|accessdate=20 Méi 2008|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531151410/http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring05/Shaffer/clay.html |date=2008-05-31 }}</ref> Awalna, Clay teu narima tawaran Martin, tapi sabada nempo tinju amateur di program tivi nu ngaranna Juara Jaga, Clay katarik kana prospék tinju.<ref>''The Soul of a Butterfly: Reflections on Life's Journey''. Simon jeung Schuster. 2013. k. 18.</ref> Manéhna mimita latihan ka palatih Fred Stoner, nu dipuji ku manéhna bakal méré "latihan enyaan", nu antukna nempakeun "jurus kuring, stamina kuring jeung sistem kuring." Dina opat taun karir amateur Clay, manéhna dilatih ku tanaga médis tinju Chuck Bodak.<ref>Fernandez, Pedro Fernandez (2 Séptémber 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150414160235/http://ringtalk.com.lhost9.atlantic.net/index.php?action=fullnews&showcomments=1&id=1553 "''<nowiki/>'GODFATHER' OF CUTMEN-CHUCK BODAK SUFFERS STROKE''"]. ''RingTalk''. Diarsipkeun ti [http://ringtalk.com.lhost9.atlantic.net/index.php?action=fullnews&showcomments=1&id=1553 nu asli] tanggal 14 April 2015. Diaksés 14 April 2015.</ref> Clay munggaran tinju amatir di taun 1954 ngalawan patinju lokal Ronnie O’Keefe. Manéhna meunang ku kaputusan nu misah.<ref>Gray, Geoffey (4 Juni 2016). "''[http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/06/how-muhammad-ali-became-a-boxer.html How Muhammad Ali Became a Boxer – Daily Intelligencer]''". ''New York''. Diaksés 26 Juni 2016.</ref> Manéhna tuluy kebat meunangkeun juara genep Asbok Emas Kentucky, dua gelar Asbok Emas nasional, gelar nasional Sarikat Atlétik Amatir sarta madali emas kelas beurat énténg dina Olimpiade Usum Panas 1960 di Roma.<ref name="Ward">Ward, Nathan (Oktober 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070111061103/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2006/5/2006_5_48.shtml "''A Total Eclipse of the Sonny''"]. American Heritage. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2006/5/2006_5_48.shtml asli] tanggal 11 Januari 2007.</ref> Rékor amatir Clay nyaéta 100 kali meunang jeung lima kali éléh. Ali nyaritakeun dina otobiographina taun 1975 yén teu lila sabada manéhna mulang ti Olimpiade Roma, manéhna ngalungkeun madali emasna ka Leuwi Ohio sanggeus manéhna jeung babaturanna teu diladangan di hiji réstoran “husus bulé” jeung garelut ngalawan geng urang bulé. Carita éta tuluy dibarantah, sarta sawatara batur Ali, kaasup Bundini Brown jeung juru potrét Howard Bingham ngilu nyangkal. Biographi Ali meunang Brown nyatakeun yén Ali mémang teu diladangan di réstoran éta, tapi Ali ngaleungitkeun madali sataun ti saprak meunangkeunna.<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Ali nampa hiji madali pangganti dina hiji jéda istirahat laga baskét di [[Olimpiade 1996 Atlanta]], di mana manéhna nu ngahurungkeun oborna pikeun ngamimitian patandingan. == Tinju profésional == === Karir awal === [[Gambar:1961_Cassius_Clay_vs._Donnie_Fleeman_On-Site_Poster.jpg|jmpl| Postér pikeun tanding profésional kalima Cassius Clay ]] Clay munggaran maén tinju profésional dina tanggal 29 Oktober 1960, ku meunang angka dina tarung genep ronde ka Tunney Hunsaker. Ti saprak harita semet ka ahir 1963, Clay nyieun rékor éndah 19-0, ku 15 kali ''knockout'' (KO). Para patinju nu diéléhkeunna di antarana, Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff, LaMar Clark, Doug Jones jeung Henry Cooper. Clay ogé ngéléhkeun manten palatihna nu ogé patinju véteran, Archie Moore, dina hiji laga di taun 1962.<ref>Calkins, Matt. ''[http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2014/nov/17/archie-moore-the52-boxing-heavyweight/ "Archie Moore was the KO king"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811005535/http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2014/nov/17/archie-moore-the52-boxing-heavyweight/ |date=2016-08-11 }}''. U-T San Diego. Diaksés 15 Juni 2016</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgDK3q6GWI8C|title=Ali in Action: The Man, the Moves, the Mouth|first=Les|last=Krantz|date=1 Januari 2008|publisher=Globe Pequot|accessdate=15 Juni 2016|via=Google Books|isbn=9781599213026|year=|location=|pages=}}</ref> Patarungan-patarungan munggaranna lain tanpa cocoba. Clay di-KO boh ku Sonny Banks ogé ku Cooper. Dina tarung ngalawan Cooper, Clay nambru ku huk kénca dina tungtung ronde kaopat sarta katulungan ku bél, tuluy meunang dina ronde kalima nu geus kajudi alatan panon Cooper tatu parna. Tarung ngalawan Doug Jones dina tanggal 13 Maret 1963 mangrupa patarungan pangbeuratna pikeun Clay dina mangsa éta. Urutan kadua jeung katilu panantang kelas beurat, Clay jeung Jones tanding di lembur Jones di [[Madison Square Garden]] [[New York]]. Jones nyieun Clay sosolontodan dina ronde kahiji. Kameunangan ku sora buleud Clay ka Jones meunang pamoyok ti para panongton sarta ka jero ring dibalédogan ku runtah. Lalajo dina TV, juara kelas beurat, [[Sonny Liston]], ngagonjak yén umpama manéhna kudu tarung jeung Clay, sarua waé jeung ngerem manéh pikeun ditelasan. Patarungan tadi tuluy nelah “Tarung Taun Ieu” ku majalah ''The Ring''.''<ref>Velin, Bob. ''[https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/2016/06/04/muhammad-ali-fight-by-fight-career/85341622/ "Fight by fight: Muhammad Ali's legendary career"]''. USA Today. Diaksés 15 Juni 2016</ref>'' Dina unggal patarungan tadi, Clay sacara vokal ngaréméhkeun lawan-lawanna sarta ngagulkeun pangabisana. Manéhna nyebut Jones “jalma leutik goréng patut” sarta nyebut Cooper “jalma ripuh”. Manéhna nyarita yén ngarasa éra kudu naék ring ngalawanan Alex Miteff sarta ngakukeun yén Aréna Madison Square Garden “leutik teuing keur uing mah”.<ref name="Mee">Bob Mee, ''Ali and Liston: The Boy Who Would Be King and the Ugly Bear'', 2011.</ref> Kalakuan propokatif jeung mahiwalna di jero ring kailhaman ku pagulat profésional “Gorgeuos George” Wagner.<ref name="SI">Capouya, John (12 Désémber 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603232105/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1114630/index.htm "''King Strut''"]. ''Sports Illustrated''. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1114630/index.htm asli] tanggal 3 Juni 2011. Diaksés 14 Maret 2017.</ref> Ali nyatakeun dina hiji wawancara jeung Hubert Mizel ti the ''Associated Press'' yén manéhna tepung jeung Gorgeous George di Las Vegas di taun 1961 sarta pagulat éta téh ngailhaman manéhna pikeun ngagunakeun jargon gulat nalika diwawancara.<ref>Burkholder, Denny (6 Juni 2016). [http://www.cbssports.com/general/news/how-muhammad-alis-fascination-with-pro-wrestling-fueled-his-career-inspired-mma/ "''How Muhammad Ali's fascination with pro wrestling fueled his career, inspired MMA''"]. CBS Sports. Diaksés 2 Oktober 2016.</ref> Taun 1960, Clay ninggalkeun sasana Moore, sawatara alesanna alatan Clay embung kudu migawé pancén rutin kayaning ngumbah piring jeung sasapu. Pikeun ngagantikeun Moore, Clay nyéwa Angelo Dundee minangka palatihna. Clay panggih jeung Dundee di bulan Pébruari 1957 nalika keur amatir kénéh.<ref>Irusta, Carlos. [http://espn.go.com/boxing/story/_/id/7470417/muhammad-ali-was-continues-greatest "''Dundee: Ali was, still is 'The Greatest''<nowiki/>'"]. ESPN. Diaksés 17 Januari 2012.</ref> Danget harita, Clay ngincer pujaan heubeulna, Sugar Ray Robinson, pikeun jadi manajerna, tapi ditolak.<ref>Haygood, Wil (1 April 2011). ''[https://books.google.com/?id=Q_nfLUMzlM0C&pg=PA378 Sweet Thunder: The Life and Times of Sugar Ray Robinson]''. Chicago Review Press. k. 378. ISBN <bdi>9781569768648</bdi>. Diaksés 24 Juni 2016.</ref> === Juara dunia tinju kelas beurat === ==== Tarung ngalawan Liston ==== Dina panungtungan taun 1963, Clay geus jadi panantang pangluhurna pikeun gelar Sonny Liston. Patarungan geus ditetepkeun dina tanggal 25 Pébruari 1964 di [[Miami Beach]]. Liston miboga kapribadian nu borongongong, patarung nu dominan tur boga sajarah kriminal sarta patali jeung mafia. Dumasar kana pidangan Clay nu teu ngayakinkeun ngalawan Jones jeung Cooper dina dua patarungan saméméhna sarta rubuhna manten juara kelas beurat [[Floyd Patterson]] nu dua kali KO di ronde kahiji ku Liston, Clay teu diunggulkeun ku bandingan 7-1. Najan kitu Clay ngalédék Liston nalika pasamoan méméh tarung, Clay ngalandi Liston minangka “beruang badag goréng patut’, nyarita “Malahan mah Liston bauna gé siga beruang,” sarta ngakukeun “sanggeus ngéléhkeun manéhna kuring bakal nyumbangkeun manéhna ka kebon binatang.”<ref>{{Cite book|title=King of the World: Muhammed Ali and the Rise of an American Hero|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkvoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA147&dq=%22Liston+even+smells+like+a+bear%22|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=02 April 2014|isbn=978-0-8041-7362-9|language=en|first=David|last=Remnick|year=|location=|pages=}}</ref> Kereteg jantung Clay harita diitung 120 (per menit), leuwih ti dua kali kaayaan normalna, 54.<ref name=":15">Lipsyte, Robert (26 Pébruari 1964). [https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/10/25/specials/ali-upset.html "''Clay Wins Title in Seventh-Round Upset As Liston Is Halted by Shoulder Injury''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 27 Désémber 2008.</ref> Loba pamiarsa harita nyangka yén kalakuan Clay téh pikeun nutupan kasieun, sarta sawatara koméntator panasaran lamun Clay bakal datang kana laga engké. Hasil patarungan bener-bener teu disangka. Nalika bél bubuka, Liston nyuruntul ka Clay, katempo ambek jeung hayang geura-geura nga-o. Najan kitu, katanginasan jeung usikna Clay mampu nyingkahan Liston, ngajadikeun si juara nyamos jeung katempo kaku. Dina tungtung ronde kahiji, Clay ngalancarkeun serangan sarta neunggeulan Liston mangkali-kali ku jéb. Liston tarung rada hadé dina ronde kadua, tapi di awal ronde katilu Clay neunggeul Liston ku sababaraha teunggeulan kombinasi nu matak Liston tikusruk tuur sarta soéh sahandapeun panon kéncana. Ieu téh mimiti pisan pikeun Liston nandangan tatu. Dina tungtung ronde kaopat, Clay balik ka juruna nalika manéhna mimiti ngarasakeun kasakit dina panonna nepi ka teu bisa nempo sarta ménta palatihna, Angelo Dundee, pikeun anggeusan. Dundee nolak hal éta. Pada ngangkeuh cenah masalah nu karandapan ku Clay téh alatan salep nu dipake ngolés kana tatu Liston sacara ngahaja dibalurkeun kana asbokna.<ref name=":15" /> Sanajan teu kungsi dikonfirmasikeun, sajarawan tinju Bert Sugar nyarita yén dua lawan Liston saméméhma ogé ngaku nandangan hal sarupa ngeunaan panonna nu “asa kaduruk”.<ref>Sugar, Bert Randolph (1 Nopémber 2003). ''Bert Sugar on Boxing: The Best of the Sport's Most Notable Writer''. Globe Pequot. k.&nbsp;196. [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-59228-048-3|978-1-59228-048-3]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Dina hiji wawancara di taun 1974, Ali nyarita yén, saméméh patarunganna ngalawan Foreman, salah saurang pangiriing sakalieun Liston nawaran dirina hiji salep nu bisa dibalurkeun kana asbok sarta bakal ngakibatkeun lolong sawatara waktu nyeureud panon. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKGdopYDIWU Vidéo] dina [[:en:YouTube|YouTube]]. </ref> Sanajan ketak Liston pikeun ngarubuhkeun Clay nu geus teu nempo, Clay masih bisa batahan di ronde kalima nepi ka karinget jeung cipanon ngirid paradangan dina panonna. Dina ronde ka genep, Clay ngadominasi, neuggeulan Liston sababaraha kali. Liston teu menyat nalika bél ronde katujuh sarta Clay dinyatakeun meunang ku [[TKO]]. Liston ngaku yén alesanna eureun téh alatan tatu dina taktakna. Sabadana meunang, Clay nu bungah kacida muru ka tungtung ring sarta nunjuk ka wartawan lebah sisi ring bari ngagero “Hakan tah omongan maranéh!” Manéhna nambahkeun, “Kuring pangjagona! Kuring ngendag-ngendag dunya. Kuring mahluk pangalus-alusna nu kungsi hirup.”<ref>McLeod, Kembrew, ''Pranksters: Making Mischief in the Modern World'', kk. 223–4.</ref> Dina pasamoan sabada tarung, Clay katempo teu yakin yén patarungan dieureunkeun alatan ciderana taktak Liston, nyarita yén hiji-hijina tatu Liston téh ngan “panon nu kabuka, kabuka alatan soéh gedé!” Nalika dibéjaan ku Joe Louis yén ciderana téh nyaéta “leungeun kénca nu leupas tina cacantélna,” Clay ngajejeléh, “Nya heueuh, ngababukan angin waé, rék saha nu teu kitu!”<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4IKMX-5JLk "Cassius Clay vs. Sonny Liston - 1964 Boxen"]. YouTube.</ref> Ku meunangkeun patarungan ieu dina umur 22 taun, Clay jadi tukang tinju pangorana nu ngarebut gelar ti juara batahan kelas beurat. Najan kitu, [[Floyd Patterson]] tetep juara dunia kelas beurat pangorana dina umur 21 taun nalika periode sistem gugur alatan mundurna [[Rocky Marciano]]. [[Mike Tyson]] mecahkeun kadua rekor tadi di taun 1986 dina umur 20 taun nalika ngéléhkeun [[Trevor Berbick]] pikeun meunangkeun gelar juara kelas beurat. Teu lila ti saprak patarungan ngalawan Liston, Clay ngaganti ngaranna jadi Cassius X, tuluy ganti deui jadi Muhammad Ali nalika asup Islam sarta gabung ka Bangsa Islam (''Nation of Islam''). Ali tuluy nyanghareupan tanding ulang ngalawan Liston nu dijadwalkeun di bulan Méi di Lewiston, Maine. Tadina mah rék di Boston dina bulan Nopémber saméméhma, tapi dipundurkeun genep bulan alatan tilu poé saméméhna Ali kudu dioperasi darurat gara-gara hérnia.<ref>Cuddy, Jack (14 Nopémber 1964). [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9544811/the_bridgeport_telegram/ "''Clay Undergoes Surgery; Fight Is Off Indefinitely''"]. ''The Bridgeport Telegram''. k. 1. Diaksés 14 Maret 2017 – via [[:en:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]]. </ref> Patarungan lumangsung kontroversial. Di tengah-tengah ronde kahiji, Liston dirubuhkeun ku hiji teunggeulan nu tan katingalan nu nelah di kalangan wartawan ku sebutan “teunggeulan jurig’. Wasit Jersey Joe Walcott teu geura-geura ngitung sabada rubuhna Liston lantaran Ali teu daék mundur ka juru netral. Liston cengkat sanggeus ngajupruk salila 20 detik, sarta patarungan lumangsung deui. Najan kitu, sababaraha waktu ti harita, Walcott nu dibéjaan kutukang ngitung waktu yén Liston geus ngagolér dina itungan 10, ngeureunkeun laga sarta nyatakeun Ali meunang ku cara KO.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXYwb2C6Hec "''Muhammad Ali vs Sonny Liston I & II – Highlights (Ali Becomes World Champion & Phantom Punch Fight!)''"]. YouTube. Diaksés 20 Juni 2018.</ref> Patarungan éta réngsé kurang ti dua menit.<ref>Anderson, Dave (16 Januari 1992). [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/16/sports/sports-of-the-times-on-his-50th-ali-is-still-the-greatest.html "''Sports of The Times; On His 50th, Ali Is Still 'The Greatest''<nowiki/>'"]. The New York Times. Diaksés 25 Januari 2012.</ref> Jalma-jalma pada ngakeuh yén Liston ngahaja ngagubragkeun manéh. Motivasi nu dituduhkeun kaasup di antarana nyawana diancam ku Nation of Islam, masang tarohan pikeun dirina sorangan sarta ngahaja “teuleum” pikeun mayar hutang-hutangna. Tayang ulang gerak lambat nunjukkeun yén Liston kahanca ku gitikan ngepang leungeun katuhu Ali, ngan teu jelas naha teunggeulan éta téh nyata-nyata nu matak ngarubuhkeun manéhna.<ref>Vachss, Andrew (2003). ''[http://www.vachss.com/only_child/index.html Only Child]''. Vintage. k. 89. Vachss further explains the way such a fix would have been engineered in Two Trains Running. Pantheon. 2005. pp. 160–165, 233.</ref> ==== Laga ngalawan Patterson ==== Ali mertahankeun gelar na ngalawan manten juara kelas beurat [[Floyd Patterson]] dina tanggal 22 Nopémber 1965. Mémeh laga éta Ali moyok Patterson,  nu kawentar sok ngageroan manéhna make ngaran Cassius Clay, minangka “[[Emang Tom]]”, Ali ogé nyebut Patterson “Si Kelinci”. Sanajan Ali jelas-jelas leuwih alus manan Patterson nu katempona cidera, laga éta lumangsung 12 ronde, méméh dieureunkeun ku hiji technical knockout (TKO). Patterson tuluy nyarita yén dirina katarajang keram lebah ''[[sacroiliac]]''-na. Ali dikritik ku média olahraga alatan katempo heureuy nalika tarung ngalawan Patterson.<ref name=":0">Belth, Alex (27 Agustus 2012). [http://www.sportsonearth.com/article/37158310/ "''ALI-PATTERSON: THE REAL STORY''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108100358/http://www.sportsonearth.com/article/37158310/ |date=2017-11-08 }}. Sports on Earth. Sports on Earth. Diaksés 3 Juni 2016.</ref> Biographer Patterson, W.K. Stratton yén pacéngkadan antara Ali jeung Patterson téh jijieunan wungkul pikeun ningkatkeun pangjualan tiket jeung pamirsa nu nongton liwat TV sirkuit, padahal mah duanana gé nyandiwara. Stratton ogé ngutip wawancara Ali ku Howard Cosell nu mana Ali ngajelaskeun yén dirina lain heuheureuyan ngalawan Patterson tapi ngan nahan wungkul sangkan teu ngarubuhkeun musuhna sabada tétéla yén Patterson téh keur cidera. Stratton nyatakeun yén Ali ngajadwalkeun tanding kadua di taun 1972, ku alatan ningal kondisi financial Patterson, pikeun ngabantu si manten juara meunangkeun cukup duit keur mayaran hutangna ka [[IRS]].<ref name=":0" /> ==== ''Main Bout'' ==== Sabadana laga ngalawa Patterson, Ali ngadegkeun pausahaan promosina sorangan, ''Main Bout'' (Laga Utama). Pausahaan éta husus nyepeng promosi tinju Ali jeung pamayaran siaran sirkuit tivi. Nu nyarepeng sahamna lolobana babaturan Ali di Nation of Islam, bareng jeung sababaraha urang lianna, di antarana Bob Arum.<ref>Ezra, Michael (2013). ''[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DL41bsCigZcC&pg=PA105 The Economic Civil Rights Movement: African Americans and the Struggle for Economic Power]''. Routledge. k.&nbsp;105. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781136274756|9781136274756]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Gambar:Muhammad_Ali_1966.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Ali di taun 1966]] Ali jeung juara kelas beurat [[WBA]] [[Ernie Terrel]] geus paheut pikeun adu hareupan dina hiji laga di [[Chicago]] dina tanggal 29 Maret 1966 (WBA, hiji dina dua asosiasi tinju, geus nyabut gelar Ali sabada Ali gabung kana Nation of Islam). Tapi, di bulan Pébruari, Ali diklasifikasi ulang ku déwan pangdaptaran [[wamil]] Louisville ti 1-A ka 1-Y, sarta katempona manéhna nolak pikeun ngabdi, ngomong ka wartawan, “Kuring teu boga masalah jeung [[Viétkong]]; teu saurang ogé urang Viétkong kungsi nyalukan negro ka kuring.”<ref>Shalit, Nevin I. (15 Juli 1980). "''[http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1980/7/15/muhammad-ali-losing-the-real-title/ Muhammad Ali: Losing the Real Title]''". ''The Harvard Crimson''. Diaksés 19 Agustus 2015.</ref> Di tengah-tengah sorotan média kana pamadegan Ali, Komisi Atlétik Illinois nolak pikeun nurunkeun sanksi kana laga tadi, ku alesan masalah téhnis.<ref>Dundee, Angelo; Maule, Tex (28 Agustus 1967). "''He Could Go To Jail And Still Be Champ''". ''Sports Illustrated''.</ref> Ali malah nganjang ka Kanada jeung Éropa sarta meunangkeun sawatara laga kajuaraan ngalawan George Chuvalo, Henry Cooper, Brian London jeung Karl Mildenberger. Ali mulang deui ka Amérika Sarikat pikeun ngalawanan Cleveland Williams di Houston Astrodome dina tanggal 14 Nopémber 1966. Laga éta mecahkeun rékor panongton ''indoor'' ku 35.460 jalma. Williams geus pada ngangkeuh minangka salah sahiji tukang tinju nu boga teunggeulan pangtarikna di divisi kelas beurat, tapi di taun 1964 manéhn ditémbak ti jarak deukeut ku pulisi Texas, ngakibatkeun leungit ginjal hiji jeung peujit leutikna diteukteuk sapanjang tilu méter. Ali nguntupan Williams, meunang ku TKO di ronde katilu dina hiji patarungan nu dianggap minangka pidangan panghadéna dina karirna. Ali tarung ngalawanan Terrell di [[Houston]] dina 6 Pébruari 1967. Terrel, nu teu kungsi kasoran dina lima taun ka tukang sarta geus ngéléhkeun réa tukang tinju nu kungsi di sanghareupan ku Ali, diangkeuh minangka lawan pangtanggohna ti saprak Liston; manéhna téh badag, kuat jeung boga kaunggulan tilu inchi jangkauan ti Ali. Wanci méméh patarungan, Terrel mangulang-ulang nyebut Ali ku “Clay”, pikeun ngélég Ali. Duanana ampir pagedrug alatan masalah ngaran dina hiji wawancara pra-laga ku Howard Cosell. Ali katempona niat pikeun moyok Terrell. “Kuring hayang nyiksa manéhna,” cenah. “KO wungkul masih alus teuing keur manéhna.”<ref>Maule, Tex (13 Pébruari 1967). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130309201457/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1079523/1/index.htm "''Cruel Ali With All The Skills''"]. ''Sports Illustrated''. [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1079523/1/index.htm Diarsipkeun] tinu asli tanggal 9 Maret 2013.</ref> Patarungan lumangsung babad nepi ka ronde tujuh, Ali moyok Terrell, nenggeul lawanna ku jéb bari kokoar, “Naon ngaran kuring téh Emang Tom...naon ngaran kuring?” Ali antukna meunang ku 15 ronde ku suara buleud. Terrel ngaku yén nalika keur tarung, Ali ngahaja neunggar panonna, maksa manéhna kudu tarung bari satengah lolong, sarta tuluy, dina hiji ''clinch'', ngagosokkeun panonna nu tatu kana tali ring. Alatan Ali katempona ngahaja manjangkeun patarungan pikeun namplokkeun hukuman maksimal, kritik ngagambarkeun yén patarungan éta téh minangka “salah sahiji patarungan tinju panggoréngna.” Tex Maule tuluy nulis: “Harita téh mangrupa pamintonan nu éndah dina kaparigelan tinju ogé panémbongan kakasaran barbar.” Ali nolak tuduhan ngeunaan kakasaran, tapi, pikeun para pangiritik Ali, laga éta leuwih némbongkeun bukti kaadigunganna. Sabada Ali mertahankeun gelar ngalawan Zora Folley dina tanggal 22 Maret, sakabéh gelarna diudaran alatan nolak pikeun asup kana pangabdian militer.<ref name="greatath">Johnson, Rafer (1 Pébruari 2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=TnIAPwAACAAJ Great Athletes 1] (revisi ed.). Salem Press. kk. 38–41. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-58765-008-6</nowiki>.</ref> Ijin tinjuna ogé dicabut sarta dikeunaan sanksi teu meunang maén ku nagara bagian [[New York]]. Manéhna didakwa nyingkahan wajib militer dina tanggal 20 Juni sarta dihukum lima taun panjara jeung denda $10.000. Ali mayar jaminan sarta tetep bébas bari naékkeun banding kana putusanna. === Dibuang jeung balik deui === Dina bulan Maret 1966, Ali nolak pikeun gabung ka pasukan basanjata. Sacara sistematis dirina ditolak ijin tinjuna di unggal nagara bagian sarta pasporna dicabut. Hasilna, manéhna heunteu tanding ti bulan Maret 1967 nepi ka Oktober 1970 – dina umur 25 nepi ka ampir 29 – nalika kasusna keur dina prosés naék banding saméméh dakwaanna dibatalkeun dina taun 1971. Nalika mangsa tanpa aktipitas éta, panolakan kana [[Perang Viétnam]] mimiti tumuwuh sarta pamedegan Ali meunangkeun simpati, manéhna biantara di sakola-sakola luhur di sakuliah nagri, ngiritik Perang Viétnam sarta ngabéla harga diri urang Amérika-Afrika jeung kaadilan rasial. ==== Patarungan Super ==== Nalika meunang sanksi dilarang tanding, Ali méréskeun hiji tuntutan $1 juta ngalawan produser radio Murray Woroner ku narima $10.000 alatan sacara pribadi dipintonkeun dina laga fantasi jijieunan ngalawan pangsiunan juara Rocky Marciano.<ref name=":2">"''[http://www.enterprisenews.com/article/20090901/News/309019646 Ali vs. Marciano: Who wins?]''". ''The Enterprise''. 1 Séptémber 2009. Diaksés tanggal 19 Juli 2016.</ref> Dina taun 1969, kadua patinju éta difilemkeun diadu pikeun kurang leuwih 75 ronde nu sarondena samenit; maranéhna merankeun sababaraha lalakon.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/nov/13/forgotten-story-rocky-marciano-muhammad-ali "''The forgotten story of ... the Rocky Marciano v Muhammad Ali Super Fight''"]. ''The Guardian''. 13 Nopémber 2012.</ref> Hiji program komputer cenah nangtukeun nu meunang, dumasar kana data ngeunaan para patarung. Vérsi éditan dina tanding éta dipidangkeun di bioskop di taun 1970. Dina vérsi AS Ali éléh dina hiji simulasi KO di ronde ka-13, tapi dina vérsi Éropa Marciano éléh alatan meunang tatu, ogé simulasi.<ref>Bingham, Howard; Wallace, Max (2000). ''[[iarchive:muhammadalisgrea0000bing|Muhammad Ali's Greatest Fight: Cassius Clay vs. the United States of America]]''. M. Evans. k.&nbsp;[[iarchive:muhammadalisgrea0000bing/page/218|218]].</ref> Ali ngisaratkeun yén éléhna dina vérsi AS téh teu objéktif. Manéhna kabéjakan nyarita bari heureuy, “Komputerna buatan Alabama.”<ref name=":2" /> ==== Mulang deui kana tanding hadiahan ==== Dina tanggal 11 Agustus 1970, sawatara kasusna keur naék banding kénéh, Ali meunang ijin pikeun tinju deui ti Komisi Atlétik Kota Atlanta. Leroy Johnson, Jesse Hill Jr. Jeung Harry Pett geus ngagunakeun pangaruh pulitik lokalna sarta nempatkeun pausahaan House of Sports pikeun ngatur tandingna, ku kituna, maranéhna mintonkeun kakawasaan pangaruh pulitik kaum hideung Georgia kana mulang deuina Ali.<ref>Matthew (1 Oktober 2005). [https://www.atlantamagazine.com/great-reads/knockout-oral-history-muhammad-ali-atlanta-fight-nobody-wanted/ "''Knockout: An oral history of Muhammad Ali, Atlanta, and the fight nobody wanted''"]. ''Atlanta Magazine''. Diaksés 31 Oktober 2019.</ref> Tanding munggaran balikna deui Ali téh nyaéta nyanghareupan Jerry Quarry dina tanggal 26 Oktober, nu hasilna hiji kameunangan pikeun Ali sanggeus dina ronde katilu Quarry meunang tatu getih. Sabulan ti harita, kameunangan di pangadilan federal ngudukeun Komisi Tinju New York pikeun mulangkeun ijin tinju Ali.<ref>[http://palmbeachpost.newspapers.com/image/132677737/?terms=%22Clay%2Bgranted%2BNew%2BYork%2Bring%2Blicense%22 "''Clay granted New York ring license''"]. ''The Palm Beach Post. Associated Press''.15 Séptémber 1970. k. B4.</ref> Ali ngalawanan Oscar Bonavena di [[Madison Square Garden]] di bulan Désémber dina hiji pamidangan nu teu matak sumanget nu réngsé ku di-TKO-na Bonavena sacara dramatis di ronde ka-15. Kameunangan ieu nempatkeun Ali dina posisi kahiji pikeun nantang juara kelas beurat [[Joe Frazier]]. ==== Tarung kahiji ngalawan Joe Frazier ==== Tarung kahiji Ali ngalawan Frazier lumangsung di Garden dina tanggal 8 Maret 1971, katelah ku sebutan “Patarungan Abad Ieu”, alatan euyeub nu luar biasa di sabudeureun patarungan antara dua patandang nu can kungsi kasoran nu masing-masing boga cupat pikeun jadi juara kelas beurat. Panulis véteran tinju John Condon nyebut hal ieu “kajadian panggedéna nu kungsi ku kuring dipigawé dina hirup kuring.” Laga ieu disiarkeun ka 35 nagara luar; promotorna ngaluarkeun 760 tikét wartawan.<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Katambahkeun kana atmospir laga nyaéta tontonan pra-laga nu ramé sarta silih poyokan. Ali ngagambarkeun Frazier minangka hiji “pakakas bodo pikeun pangawangunan urang bulé.” “Frazier goréng rupa teuing pikeun jadi jawara,” ceuk Ali. “Frazier bodo teuing pikeun jadi jawara.” Ali ogé sababaraha kali ngalandi Frazier minangka “Emang Tom”. Dave Wolf, nu gawé pikeun sasana Frazier, inget yén, “Ali nyarita ‘jalma-jalma nu ngarojong Joe Frazier ngan jalma-jalma nu maraké saragam wungkul, nyaéta shérif Alabama, sarta anggota Ku Klux Klan. Kuring tarung pikeun jalma leutik di kawasan kumuh.’ Joe keur diuk di ditu harita téh, neunggeulkeun peureup kana dampal leungeunna, nyarita, ‘Nyaho naon anjing si éta ngeunaan kawasan kumuh?’”<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Ali mimiti latihan di lahan tanén deukeut [[Reading]], [[Pennsylvania]], di taun 1971, sarta ngarasa cocog lamun di wilayah pasisian éta diwangun hiji sasana nyaan. Ali meunangkeun lima akre lahan di jalan désa Pennsylvania di Désa Deer Lake, Pennsylvania. Di tempat éta Ali ngadegkeun hiji sasana latihan, di mana manéhna latihan pikeun sakabéh patarunganna ti taun 1972 semet ka panungtungan karirna di taun 1982. Laga Senen peuting cocog jeung iklanna. Frazier nu dodongkoan, ulak elok jeung gulak gilek tutuluyan neken Ali, kateunggeul sababaraha kali ku jéb jeung kombinasi Ali, tapi teu reureuh nyerang tur mangkali-kali nyitak angka, utamana kana awak Ali. Laga éta saimbang dina awalna mah, tapi Ali nandangan ganjaran pangtohagana dina karirna. Dina sababaraha kasempetan dina ronde-ronde awal manéhna susuruduk sarta gigideg (nunjukkeun teu nyeri) nalika kababuk. Ronde-ronde kaituna – dina naon nu munggaran katelah ku “strategi ''rope-a-dope''” – Ali nyarande kana tali sarta nyerep tarajangan ti Frazier, ngaharep meakkeun tanaga Frazier. Dina ronde ka-11, Frazier ninggang ku huk kénca nu ngabalukarkeun Ali jajarigjegan, tapi lantaran Ali katempona siga nu guyon nalika mundur ka sisi ring séjén, Frazier jadi ngarengkog pikeun nuluykeun ketakna, hariwang serangan balik ti Ali. Dina ronde panungtungan, Frazier ngarubuhkeun Ali ku hiji huk kénca nu kacida tarikna, nu ceuk wasit Arthur Mercante mangrupa teunggeulan jalma pangtarik-tarikna. Ali cengkat dina itungan tilu detik.<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Najan kitu, Ali éléh ku putusan buleud, hiji kaéléhan dirina nu munggaran. ==== Tantangan Chamberlain jeung tarung ngalawan Ellis ==== Dina taun 1971, béntang baskét [[Wilt Chamberlain]] nantang Ali pikeun tarung kalayan lagana geus dijadwalkeun dina tanggal 26 Juli. Sanajan Chamberlain nu jangkungna tujuh kaki dua inci ngabogaan kauntungan pisik nu leuwih kuat batan Ali – 60 pon leuwih beurat sarta jangkoanna 14 inci leuwih jauh – Ali bisa mangaruhan Chamberlain pikeun ngabedokeun laga ku moyok manéhna dina hiji wawancara bareng ku sebutan “Kai Golondongan!” sarta “Tangkal éta bakal rubuh”. Pernyataan nu pinuh kayakinan ieu ngamarojéngjakeun musuh jangkungna nu karak meunang tawaran rékor kontrak ti pamilik [[Los Angeles Lakers]], Jack Kent Cooke, minangka syarat keur ngabatalkeun naon nu disebut ku Cooke minangka “tinju bebelegugan”,<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1989-01-15/sports/sp-979_1_wilt-s-ring-career "''Ali's Remark Ended Wilt's Ring Career''"]. ''Los Angeles Times''.15 Januari1989. ''Morning Briefing''.</ref> sarta antukana Chamberlain ngagugu kana hal éta.<ref>O'Reilly, Terry (3 Marét 2016). [http://www.cbc.ca/radio/undertheinfluence/achilles-heel-advertising-repositioning-the-competition-1.3473631 "''Achilles Heel Advertising: Repositioning the Competition''"]. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Diakasés 30 Agustus 2018.</ref> Pikeun ngagantikeun lawan Ali, promotor [[Bob Arum]] geuwat nga-''booking'' manten batur latihan Ali, Jimmy Ellis, nu mangrupa batur Ali keur budak ti [[Louisville]], Kentcuky, pikeun ngalawanan Ali. ==== Tarung munggaran ngalawan Quarry, Patterson, Foster jeung Norton ==== Sanggeus éléh ku Frazier, Ali tarung ngalawan Jerry Quarry, ngaduakalian ngalawan Folyd Patterson sarta ngalawana Bob Foster di taun 1972, kabéhna Ali meunang genep kali dina taun éta. Di taun 1973, Ken Norton motongkeun careuham Ali nalika ngaleler dirina ku kaéléhan kadua. Sabada mimiti pada ngangkeuh rék pangsiun, Ali meunang ngalawan Norton dina laga kadua maranéhna. Hal ieu ngajurung Ali kana tarung ulang ngalawan Joe Frazier di Madison Square Garden dina tanggal 28 Januari 1974.; Frazier karak anyar kaleungitan gelar ku [[George Foreman]]. ==== Tarung kadua ngalawan Joe Frazier ==== Ali katempona kuat dina awal-awal ronde sarta nyieun Frazier jajarigjegan dina ronde kadua. Wasit Tony Perez salah déngé,  rarasaan manéhna ngadéngé bél béakna rondé kadua sarta ngaléngkah ka antara dua patinju nalika Ali keur nyerang, méré waktu keur Frazier pikeun ngarénghap heula. Najan kitu, Frazier menyat dina ronde-ronde tengah, ngagitik sirah Ali dina ronde katujuh sarta nyedekkeun Ali kana tali ring dina panungtungan ronde kadalapan. Opat ronde pamungkas duanana silih genti unggul. Salila laga, kalah kumaha gé Ali hasil nyingkahan huk kiwa Frazier nu ngabahayakeun sarta ningker Frazier nalika di juru, taktik nu kadua éta nu matak ngajéngkélkeun pihak sasana Frazier. Para juri méré kaputusan buleud pikeun kameunangan Ali. === Juara dunia kelas beurat (mindoan) === ==== ''Palagan di Leuweung'' ==== Kameunangan ngalawan Frazier nempatkeun Ali kana babak parebutan gelar ngalawan juara kelas beurat [[George Foreman]] di [[Kinshasa]], [[Zairé]], dina tanggal 30 Oktboer 1974 – hiji laga nu katelah ku Palagan di Leuweung. Foreman dianggap minangka patinju nu ngabogaan teunggeulan pangtarikna dina sajarah kelas beurat. Dina itung-itungan patarungan, para analis nunjukkeun yén Joe Frazier jeung Ken Norton nu geus méré Ali opat patarungan beurat sarta masing-masing di antara meunang sakali, duanana dirubuhkeun ku Foreman dina KO di ronde kadua. Ali geus nincak umur 32 taun, sarta nyata-nyata geus leungiteun katanginasan jeung réfléksna di banding keur umur 20-an. Kontras jeung kapribadiaanna kiwari, Foreman harita mangrupa jalma nu sahaok kadua gaplok jeung pikasieuneun. Ampir teu saurang ogé pangamat olahraga, malah najan bobotoh heubeul Ali gé, Howard Cosell, nyarangka yén si manten juara bakal pimeunangeun. [[Gambar:WORLD_HEAVYWEIGHT_BOXING_CHAMPION_MUHAMMAD_ALI,_A_BLACK_MUSLIM,_ATTENDS_THE_SECT'S_SERVICE_TO_HEAR_ELIJAH_MUHAMMAD..._-_NARA_-_556247.jpg|jmpl| Ali di taun 1974 ]] Saperti biasana, Ali pinuh ku kayakinan jeung hegar méméh patarungan. Manéhna nyarita ka juru wawancara David Frost, “Lamun anjeun mikir yén dunia direuwaskeun ku eureunna Nixon, tunggu nepi ka kuring ninggang Foreman nepi ka ngajengkang!”<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aGHpXt_hMc "''Muhammad Ali – The Rumble In The Jungle(Interview)''"]. 22 Maret 1967. YouTube. Diaksés tanggal 3 Séptémber 2013.</ref> Manéhna nyarita ka préss, “Kuring geus milampah hiji hal nu anyar pikeun laga ieu. Kuring gulat ngalawan buaya, kuring ijén ngalawan lauk paus; nyangcang kilat, manjarakeun guludug; karak minggu kamari kuring maéhan cadas, natuan batu jeung ngirim bata ka rumah sakit; Kuring bener-bener curaling, ku kuring ubar gé dijieun garering.”<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGk0R63C0eM "''Muhammad Ali Inspirational Speech (Cassius Clay Boxing Motivation)''"]. 14 Séptémber 2012. YouTube. Diaksés tanggal 3 Séptémber 2013.</ref> Ali kacida populérna di [[Zairé]], saur manuk “Ali, bomaye” (“Ali, paéhan si éta”) ka mana waé Ali indit. Ali muka patarungan, gerak tur nyétak angka ku hiji teunggeulan silang kana sirah Foreman. Satuluyna dina awal ronde kadua, nalika kadeseh ka juru, Ali mundur kana tali ring sarta ngundang Foreman pikeun nenggeulan bari manéhna nyalindung, nangkeup jeung malik neunggeul, bari terus harus moyok Foreman. Gerakanna nu engkéna katelah ku “''[[Rope-a-dope]]''”, nyata-nyata ngalawan kana kabiasaan tinju – ngantepkeun tukang neunggeul pangbedasna narajang sakahayangna – nu ceuk pamikiran panulis tinju George Plimpton mah patarungan éta téh teu eucreug. Foreman beuki dieu beuki ambek, ngirim teunggeulan nu pating solédat sarta teu mareneran. Asup kana patengahan patarungan, Foreman mimiti capé, Ali malik nyerang sacara éféktif  sababaraha kali ku teunggeulan, nu nyumangetan para pamiarsa nu pro ka Ali. Dina ronde kadalapan, Ali ngarubuhkeun Foreman nu geus leuleus ku hiji kombinasi di tengah ring; Foreman teu bisa cengkat deui. Di luar sangkaan, sarta di tengah-tengah euyeubna ring, Ali meunangkeun deui titel juara ku cara KO. Ngeungteung kana patarungan éta, George Foreman ka dieunakeun nyarita: “Ari sugan téh Ali ngan saukur kurban KO lianna, nepi ka asup ka ronde katujuh, kuring neunggeul careuhamna sataker kebek sarta manéhna nangkep kuring bari ngaharéwos kana ceuli: ‘Ngan sakitu George?’ Kuring karak nyadar yén hal ieu téh teu sapagodos jeung panyana kuring.”<ref>Foreman, George (Januari 2012). [http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/sport/george-foreman-on-ali "''George Foreman on why Muhammad Ali was so much more than a 'boxer'''"]. ''ShortList''. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> [[Gambar:Muhammad_Ali_and_Jimmy_Carter.jpg|jmpl|Présidén Jimmy Carter ngabagéakeun Ali dina hiji jamuan di Gedong Putih, 1977.]] Hal ieu téh bener-bener kameunangan nu teu disangka-sangka,<ref>Foreman, George (Januari 2012). [http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/sport/george-foreman-on-ali "''George Foreman on why Muhammad Ali was so much more than a 'boxer'''"]. ''ShortList''. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> sanggeus saméméhna Ali teu diunggulkeun ku bandingan 4-1 ngalawan musuhna nu can kungsi kasoran, si peureup bedas, Foreman.<ref>[https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1030.html "''Ali Regains Title, Flooring Foreman''"]. ''The New York Times''. 30 Oktober 1974.</ref> Patarungan ieu kawentar minangka mimiti pisan Ali ngenalkeun taktik ''rope-a-dope''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/oct/29/rumble-in-the-jungle-muhammad-ali-george-foreman-book-extract "''Rumble in the Jungle: the night Ali became King of the World again''"]. ''The Guardian''. 29 Oktober 2014. </ref> Patarungan ieu rékor ditongton ku pamiarsa télévisi kira-kira sajuta panongoton di sakuliah dunya.<ref name="usatoday">"Revisiting 'The Rumble in the Jungle' 40 years later". ''USA Today''. 29 Oktober 2014.</ref><ref name="jet"/> Pintonan ieu mangrupa siaran télévisi panglobana dilalajoan di dunia dina mangsa harita.<ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180520042513/http://www.inquisitr.com/4903566/most-watched-live-tv-broadcasts-of-all-time-where-will-the-royal-wedding-rank/ "''Most-Watched Live TV Broadcasts Of All Time: Where Will The Royal Wedding Rank?''"]. ''Inquisitr''. 19 Méi 2018. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://www.inquisitr.com/4903566/most-watched-live-tv-broadcasts-of-all-time-where-will-the-royal-wedding-rank/ asli] tanggal 20 Mei 2018. Diaksés tanggal 20 Méi 2018.</ref> ==== Tanding ngalawan, Wepner, Lyle jeung Bugner ==== Lawan-lawan Ali satuluyna nyaéta Chuck Wepner, Ron Lyle jeung Joe Bugner. Wepner, hiji jalma ngalalana nu kawentar ku sebutan “Tukang Ngagetihan ti Bayonne”, ngagétkeun Ali nalika ngarubuhkeun manéhna di ronde kasalapan; Ali ka hareupna nyarita yén manéhna titajong kana suku Wepner. Laga ieu nu ngailhaman Sylvester Stallone pikeun nyieun pilemna nu meunangkeun loba pamuji, ''[[Rocky]]''.<ref>Schneiderman, R. M. (10 Agustus 2006). [https://www.forbes.com/2006/08/10/rocky-stallone-settlement-cx_rs_0810autofacescan04.html#34f600e166bd "''Stallone Settles With The 'Real' Rocky''"]. ''Forbes''.</ref> ==== Tanding katilu lawan Joe Frazier ==== Ali tuluy nyatujuan pikeun tarung katilu ngalawan [[Joe Frazier]] di [[Manila]]. Laga nu katelah ku “''[[Thrilla in Manila]]''” ieu lumangsung dina tanggal 1 Oktober 1975,<ref name="greatath"/> dina suhu hawa ampir 100 °F (38 °C). Dina ronde-ronde awal, Ali agrésif, gudag gidig jeung silih tukeran teunggeulan jeung Frazier. Sanajan kitu, teu lila Ali katempo capé sarta ngaluarkeun jurus “''rope-a-dope''”, minengna mah ngalakukeun ''clinch''. Dina bagian laga ieu, Ali mesatkeun sawatara serangan walesan nu éféktif, tapi lolobana mah katinggang ku Frazier nu euweuh kacapé. Dina ronde ka-12, Frazier mimiti leuleus, Ali nibankeun sababaraha teunggeulan tarik nu ngabalukarkeun katutupna panon kénca Frazier sarta tatu soéh saluhureun panon katuhuna. Ku leungiteun tetempoanna Frazier, Ali ngadominasi rondé ka-13 jeung ka-14, nu harita, ceuk sajarawan tinju Mike Silver, nganggap sirah Frazier saolah-olah minangka “sasaran paranti latihan”. Patarungan direureuhkeun nalika palatih Frazier, Eddie Futch, teu ngijinan Frazier pikeun nuluykeun ronde panungtungan, ronde ka-15, sanajan Frazier teu panujueun. Panon Frazier duanana katutup alatan bareuh. Ali, di juru ringna, diputuskeun meunang ku cara TKO, ngajéngjéhe dina korsina, bener-bener lungsé. Ali nu sarua ripuh cumarita sabada patarungan, “nu karasa ku kuring, bener-bener deukeut kana pipaéheun”, sarta nalika ditanya naha manéhna heunteu nongton ulang patarunganna dina vidio, Ali ngajawab, “Keur naon kuring kudu balik deui sarta lalajo Naraka?” Sabada patarungan, Ali nyebutkeun yén “Frazier téh patarung pangpunjulna sapanjang mangsa, sanggeus diri kuring.” Ali nu sarua ripuh cumarita sabada patarungan, “nu karasa ku kuring, bener-bener deukeut kana pipaéheun”, sarta nalika ditanya naha manéhna heunteu nongton ulang patarunganna dina vidio, Ali ngajawab, “Keur naon kuring kudu balik deui sarta lalajo Naraka?” Sabada patarungan, Ali nyebutkeun yén “Frazier téh patarung pangpunjulna sapanjang mangsa, sanggeus diri kuring.”<ref>Blaine Henry (18 Méi 2019). [https://fight-library.com/2019/05/28/history-lesson-thrilla-in-manila/ "''History Lesson: Thrilla in Manila''"]. Fight-Library.com</ref> [[Gambar:Anderson_ali.jpg|jmpl|Ali diwawancara ku Curt Anderson ti WBAL-TV, taun 1978, Baltimore, Maryland]] Sanggeus laga di Manila, Ali tanding ngalawan Jean Pierre Coopman, Jimmy Young jeung Richard Dunn, kalayan meunang ngalawan nu disebut panungtung ku KO. Teunggeulan Ali nalika ngarubuhkeun Dunn meunang diajar ti Jawara [[Taékwondo]] Jhon Rhee. Rhee nyebut teunggeulan éta minangka “''Accupunch''”, nu manéhna gé meunang guguru ti [[Bruce Lee]].<ref>[http://www.jhoonrhee.com/bio7.html "''Jhoon Rhee, Father of American Tae Kwon Do''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506223915/http://www.jhoonrhee.com/bio7.html |date=2019-05-06 }}". ''www.jhoonrhee.com''. Diaksés tanggal 1 Méi 2019.</ref> Patarungan ngalawan Dunn mangrupa patarungan pamungkas dina karirna di mana Ali hasil ngarubuhkeun lawanna. Dina tanggal 1 Juni 1976, Ali ngalaan kaos jeung jakétna sarta ijén ngalawanan pagulat profésional Gorilla Monsoon dina jero ring sabada tandingna di Féderasi Gulat Sakuliah Dunya dipintonkeun di [[Aréna Philadelphia]]. Sabada nyingcetkeun sababaraha teunggeulan Ali, Monsoon ngangkat Ali dina gerakan puteran pasawat sarta ngabantingkeun kana karpét. Ali cingkud leumpang ka juru di mana baturna, Butch Lewis, ngayakinkeun dirina sangkan eunggeusan.<ref>[https://boxinghalloffame.com/muhammad-ali-boxing-a-monsoon/ "''Muhammad Ali Boxing a Monsoon – Boxing Hall of Fame''"]. ''boxinghalloffame.com''. 29 Désémber 2012. Diaksés tanggal 9 Juni 2016.</ref> Tanggal 26 Juni 1976 Ali ilibiung dina hiji laga éksébisi di Tokyo ngalawanan tukang gulat profésional jeung ahli béla diri Jepang, [[Antonio Inoki]]. Ali ngan bisa nibankeun dua jéb, sedeng tajongan Inoki ngakibatkeun gétih wuwungan di dua témpat sarta inféksi nu ngakibatkeun suku Ali ampir-ampiran kudu diamputasi. Tanding éta teu maké aturan rasmi sarta antukna dinyatakeun séri.<ref>Tallent, Aaron (20 Pébruari 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160709012841/http://www.thesweetscience.com/articles-of-2005/1716-the-joke-that-almost-ended-ali-s-career "''The Joke That Almost Ended Ali's Career''"]. The Sweet Science. Diarsipkeun ti [http://www.thesweetscience.com/articles-of-2005/1716-the-joke-that-almost-ended-ali-s-career nu asli] tanggal 9 Juli 2016. Diaksés 4 Désémber 2007.</ref> Sabada maotna Ali, ''[[The New York Times]]'' nyebutkeun yén laga éta téh mangrupa laga nu paling teu dipikatineung ku Ali.<ref>Mather, Victor (5 Juni 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/06/sports/who-lost-when-muhammad-ali-fought-a-pro-wrestler-the-fans.html "''Ali's Least Memorable Fight''"]. ''The New York Times''.</ref> Réa koméntator tinju nempo laga éta sacara negatif sarta ngarepkeun sangkan pada mopohokeun lantaran dianggap minangka “15 ronde nu teu payus.”<ref name=":1">Gross, Josh (25 Juni 2016). [http://www.newsweek.com/muhammad-ali-antonio-inoki-mixed-martial-arts-ufc-japan-mma-boxing-wrestling-474502 "''Muhammad Ali's Forgotten Fight Was Also One of His Most Influential''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426153926/https://www.newsweek.com/muhammad-ali-antonio-inoki-mixed-martial-arts-ufc-japan-mma-boxing-wrestling-474502 |date=2019-04-26 }}. ''Newsweek''. Diaksés tanggal 10 April 2018.</ref> Kiwari, laga éta dianggap ku sawatara jalma minangka tarung Ali anu paling boga pangaruh, CBS Sports nyebutkeun yén perhatian kana laga gaya campuran pada narima “minangka ilham pikeun kaluarna standarisasi aturan [[MMA]] sababaraha taun ti harita.”<ref name=":1" /><ref>Burkholder, Denny (6 Juni, 2016). [http://www.cbssports.com/general/news/how-muhammad-alis-fascination-with-pro-wrestling-fueled-his-career-inspired-mma/ "''How Muhammad Ali's fascination with pro wrestling fueled his career, inspired MMA''"]. CBS Sports. Diaksés tanggal 11 Juni 2016.</ref> Ali ngalawanan Ken Norton pikeun katilukalina dina bulan Séptémber 1976. Laga lumangsung di Stadium Yankee, nu hasilna Ali meunang ku hiji kaputusan nu pada ngadebat sarta meunang pamoyok ti panongton. Sanggeusna, Ali ngumumkeun yén dirina rék reureuh tina tinju pikeun neuleuman kayakinanna, Ali pindah kana Islam Sunni sakaluarna ti Nation of Islam dina taun saméméhna.<ref>[http://www.newspaperarchive.com/SiteMap/FreePdfPreview.aspx?img=110827611?sec=Sports "''Champion Ali Quits Boxing''"]. ''The Paris News''. 1 Oktober 1976. k. 12. Diaksés tanggal 19 Oktober 2011.</ref> Sabada mulang deui pikeun ngéléhkeun Alfredo Evangelista dina bulan Méi 1977, Ali ripuh dina tarung satuluyna ngalawan Earnie Shavers di bulan Séptémber, kahanca sababaraha kali dina sirah. Ali meunangkeun patarungan ku kaputusan teu buleud lianna, tapi laga tadi ngabalukarkeun dokterna ti babaheula, Ferdie Pacheco eureun sanggeus pépélingna sangkan Ali eureun tina tinju teu didaréngé. Pacheco nyaritakeun, “Komisi Atlétik New York nunjukkeun ka kuring laporan yén ginjal Ali geus misalah. Kuring nyuratan Angelo Dundee, palatih Ali, pamajikanna jeung Ali sorangan. Kuring taya nu némbal. Tah ti dinya kuring mutuskeun, anggeus, cukup.”<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Dina bulan Pébruari 1978, Ali nyanghareupan [[Leon Spinks]] di Hotél Hilton di [[Las Vegas]]. Wanci harita, Spinks ngan ngabogaan pangalaman tujuh kali tanding profesional sarta karak anyar drow jeung panglalana Scott LeDoux. Ali méakkeun kurang ti dua losin ronde minangka persiapan pikeun tanding sarta kondisi awakna bener-bener teu nyumponan nalika loncéng bubuka disadakeun. Manéhna kaleungitan gelar ku kaputusan nu misah. Tanding ulang dilumangsungkeun dina bulan Séptémber di ''[[Superdome]]'' di [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]. Tujuh puluh rébu jalma narongton laga ieu sarta mayar total keur tikét sajumlah $6 juta, ngajadikeun patarungan éta pangngahasilkeunna dina mangsa harita.<ref>[http://www.nola.com/sports/index.ssf/2016/06/read_peter_finneys_column_from.html Baca kolum Peter Finney dina Ali vs. Spinks 2 di Superdome taun 1978], ''The Times-Picayune'' NOLA.com (New Orleans, LA.), diposkeun deui dina 4 Juni 2016.</ref> Ali meunang ku kaputusan nu buleud tina hiji patarungan nu teu ramé, ti wasit Lucien Joubert méré nilai 10-4, juri Ernie Cojoe 10-4 jeung juri Herman Preis 11-4. Ku kituna, Ali jadi juara kelas beurat munggaran nu meunangkeun sabukna tilu kali.<ref>''Muhammad Ali, The Glory Years'', Felix Dennis and Don Atyeo, k. 258.</ref><ref>''[http://ringsidereport.com/?p=63321 The Last Flight of the Butterfly: Remembering Ali vs Spinks II]'', RingsideReport.com, Kevin "The Voice" Kincade, 22 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Sabada kameunanganna ieu, dina tanggal 27 Juli 1979, Ali ngabéwarakeun reureuhna tina tinju. Sanajan kitu, reureuhna téh teu lila, Ali ngabéwarakeun rék balik deui pikeun nyanghareupan [[Larry Holmes]] pikeun sabuk [[WBC]] dina raraga meunangkeun juara kelas beurat kaopat kalina. Panitén tinju, Richie Giachetti nyarita, “Larry teu hayang tarung ngalawan Ali. Manéhna nyaho yén Ali geus leungiteun pangabisa; hal ieu bakal jadi pikakeueungeun.” Nya wanci-wanci harita pisan Ali mimiti teu béntés dina ngomong sarta leungeunna ngeleper.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/21/us/muhammad-ali---fast-facts/ "''Muhammad Ali Fast Facts''"]. CNN. Diaksés tanggal 20 Pébruari 2013.</ref> Komisi Atlétik Nevada (singk. Inggris NAC) maréntahkeun sangkan Ali ngalakonan heula tés pisik kumplit di Las Vegas méméh ngijinan pikeun tarung deui. Ali malah milih pikeun dicék di Klinik Mayo, nu nyatakeun yén dirina bisa tarung. Opini maranéhna katampa ku NAC dina tanggal 31 Juli 1980, ngajalanan Ali keur mulang deui kana ring.<ref>Koch, Ed. [http://www.lasvegassun.com/muhammad-ali/timeline/ "''Timeline: Fifty years of Las Vegas memories for Muhammad Ali''"]. ''Las Vegas Sun''. Diaksés 12 Nopémber 2013.</ref> Patarungan lumangsung dina tanggal 2 Oktober 1980 di Landeuh Las Vegas, sarta Holmes sacara gampang nguntupan Ali nu rada leuleus purah pangobatan tiroid nu dilakonan ku manéhna pikeun ngurangan beurat awakna. Giachetti nyebutkeun patarungan éta téh “sadu...panggoréng-goréngna kagiatan olahraga nu kungsi ditungkulan ku kuring.” Aktor [[Sylvester Stallone]] harita aya di sagigireun ring sarta nyarita yén harita téh kawas lalajo jalma nu masih hirup kénéh keur diotopsi.<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Dina ronde kasabelas, Angelo Dundee maréntahkeun wasit pikeun ngeureunkeun patarungan, sakali-kalina Ali nandangan kasoran kucara dieureunkeun. Tarung ngalawan Holmes disebut-sebut geus ngilu nyumbang kana sindrom Parkinson Ali.<ref>Hale, Mike (26 Oktober 2009). [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/arts/television/27muhammad.html "''Boxing King Casts His Shadow, Even at Time of Defeat''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 5 Maret 2012.</ref> Sanajan loba paménta sangkan reureuh, Ali tanding sakali deui dina tanggal 11 Désémber 1981 di Nassau, [[Bahama]], ngalawanan [[Trevor Berbick]], sarta éléh angka dina sapuluh ronde.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1870&dat=19810816&id=9_EwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_uAFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2603,113296&hl=en "''Ali to try again?''"]. ''The Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal''. Associated Press. 16 Agustus 1981. Diaksés tanggal 4 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2199&dat=19811212&id=XKUyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gOcFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3700,2405394&hl=en "''It's all over for Ali after loss''"]. ''Lawrence Journal-World''. Associated Press. 12 Désémber 1981. Diaksés tanggal 4 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>Nack, William (December 21, 1981). [https://www.si.com/vault/1981/12/21/826243/not-with-a-bang-but-a-whisper-after-losing-to-trevor-berbick-a-subdued-muhammad-ali-softly-admitted-that-his-illustrious-career-had-come-to-an-end "''Not with a bang but a whisper''"]. ''Sports Illustrated''. Diaksés 4 Juni 2016.</ref> Nepi ka tungtung karir tinjuna, Ali geus nampanan 200.000 teunggeulan.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21730621-downfall-tragic-rebellious-hero-new-biography-muhammad-ali "''A new biography of Muhammad Ali''"]. ''The Economist''. 26 Oktober 2017.</ref> == Kahirupan pribadi == === Rumah tangga sarta barudakna === '''Anak-anak Muhammad Ali''' Jeung Belinda Boyd * Maryum (lahir 1968) * Jamilah (lahir 1970) * Rasheda (lahir 1970) * Muhammad, Jr. (lhir 1972) Jeung Patricia Harvell * Miya (lahir 1972) Jeung Wanda Bolton * Khaliah (lahir 1972) Jeung Veronica Porché * Hana (lahir 1976) * Laila (lahir 1977) Jeung Yolanda Williams * Asaad (adopsi 1986) Ali kawin opat kali katambah kawin siri dua kali sarta boga tujuh anak awéwé jeung dua anak lalaki. Ali dikenalkeun ka pramusaji ''cocktail'' Sonji Roi ku Herbert Muhammad sarta tuluy nanyaan Sonji sabada apél kahiji. Maranéhna rarabi kira-kira sabulan ti harita dina tanggal 14 Agustus 1964.<ref>Micklos, John Jr. (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wjeaQAmQ0FMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA54#v=onepage&f=false Muhammad Ali: "I Am the Greatest"]''. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers. k.&nbsp;54. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-7660-3381-8</bdi>.</ref> Maranéhna paraséa alatan Sonji nolak pikeun nerapkeun pakéan jeung perilaku islamis sarta tuluy ngamasalahkeun pangajaran Elijah Muhammad. Numutkeun Ali, “Manéhna teu daék milampah naon nu kudu dipilampah. Manéhna maké lipensetip; indit ka bar; maké pakéan nu némbongkeun orat jeung teu matut.”<ref>Hauser, Thomas (2012). ''Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times''. Open Road Integrated Media. k.&nbsp;252. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-4532-4119-6</bdi>.</ref> Rumah tanggana teu ngabogaan anak sarta maranéhna cerai dina tanggal 10 Januari 1966. Pas méméh prosés ceréyna réngsé, Ali ngirim Sonji hiji tulisan: “Anjeun geus nukerkeun surga ku naraka.”<ref>Hauser, Thomas (2012). ''Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times''. Open Road Integrated Media. k.&nbsp;288. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-4532-4119-6</bdi>.</ref> Ali ngadahup ka Belinda Boyd dina tanggal 17 Agustus 1967. Lahir ti hiji kulawarga Chicago sarta geus asup kana Nation of Islam, Belinda tuluy ngaganti ngaranna jadi Khalilah Ali, sanajan anggeur ari kulawarga jeung babaturan heubeulna mah masih ngageroan ku ngaran lilana. Maranéhna tuluy ngabogaan opat anak: pangarang jeung ''rapper'' Maryum<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=L7QDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA38 "Muhammad Ali's Daughter, May May Ali, Writes Children's Book About His Boxing Career"]. ''Jet''. Vol.&nbsp;104 no.&nbsp;24. 8 Désémber 2003. kk.&nbsp;38–39. ISSN&nbsp;0021-5996 &#x2013; liwat Google Books.</ref> “May May” (lahir 1968), kembar dua Jamillah jeung Rasheda (lahir 1970) jeung Muhammad Ali, Jr. (lahir 1972). Ali cicing di Cherry Hill, [[New Jersey]], dina awal taun 1970-an.<ref>[http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00014057.html "''Ali's camp now a bed and breakfast''"]. ESPN. Diaksés 29 Januari 2012.</ref> Dina umur 32 taun dina taun 1974, Ali kawin siri ka Wanda Bolton nu umurna 16 taun (satuluyna ganti ngaran jadi Aaisha Ali) sarta jadi bapa tina budak awéwé lianna, Khalia (lahir 1974). Nalika masih kénéh rarabi jeung Belinda, Ali ngadahup ka Aaisha ku cara Islam nu teu meunang pangakuan hukum nu sah (mungguhing hukum Amérika). Numutkeun Khalia, Aaisha katut indungna nyicingan sasana latihan Dano Uncal bareng jeung Belinda katut barudakna.<ref name=":4">[http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/gossip/ali-daughter-tosses-book-ring-article-1.906525 "''ALI DAUGHTER TOSSES BOOK IN RING''"]. ''New York Daily News''.18 Maret 2001.</ref> Dina bulan Januari 1985 Aaisha nungtut Ali sacara hukum alatan teu mayar gono gini. Kasusna dibéréskeun ku kasatujuan Ali mayar nepi ka $200.000 waragad wali pikeun Khaliah.<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/01/28/Former-three-time-heavyweight-boxing-champion-Muhammad-Ali-agreed-Tuesday/9145507272400/ "''Former three-time heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali agreed Tuesday ...''"] ''UPI''. 28 Januari 1986.</ref> Dina taun 2011 Khaliah nyaritakeun yén dirina yakin yén bapana nempo dirina minangka "hiji kasalahan".<ref name=":4" /> Ali ogé boga budak awéwé lianna, Miya (lahir taun 1972), tina kawin siri jeung Patricia Harvell.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150404103321/http://www.lifetimetv.co.uk/biography/biography-muhammed-ali "Muhammed Ali ''Biography (sic)''"]. Lifetime. 23 Méi 2006. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://www.lifetimetv.co.uk/biography/biography-muhammed-ali asli] 4 April 2015. Diaksés 1 Méi 2006.</ref> Dina usum panas taun 1977, rumah tangga nu kaduana lekasan sarta Ali kawin ka Veronica Porché. Jeung Veronica Ali ngabogaan dua budak awéwé, Hana jeung [[Laila Ali]]. Dina taun 1986, Ali ceréy jeung Porché.<ref>[http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/10/muhammad-alis-ex-wife-reveals-details-about-their-secret-wedding "''Muhammad Ali's ex-wife reveals details about their secret wedding''"]. ''USA Today''. 6 Juni 2016.</ref> [[Gambar:Muhammad_Ali_and_wife_Lonnie.jpg|jmpl|Muhammad jeung Lonnie Ali, 2001]] Dina bulan Nopémber 1986, Ali rarabi ka Yolanda (“Lonie”) Williams. Maranéhna geus sosobatan ti taun 1964 di [[Lousiville]]. Babarengan maranéhna ngadopsi saurang budak lalaki, Asaad Amin nalika Asaad keur nincak umur lima taun.<ref>Allen, Nick (June 5, 2016), "Could Muhammad Ali's $80m fortune become subject of bitter legal battle?", ''The Daily Telegraph''.</ref> Kiiursti Mensah-Ali cumarita yén manéhna téh anak awéwé biologis Ali jeung Barbara Mensah, nu cenah geus huhubungan 20 taun ka tukang,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LjsDAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA32&ots=RrdTQGBInn&pg=PA32#v=onepage&q&f=false "''Muhammad Ali confesses illness put a stop to his 'girl chasing,' but his son is just starting''"]. ''Jet''. Vol.&nbsp;91 no.&nbsp;10. 27 Januari, 1997. kk.&nbsp;32–33. ISSN&nbsp;0021-5996. Diaksés 14 Maret 2017 &#x2013; liwat Google Books.</ref><ref>Miller, Davis (12 Séptémber 1993). [http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930912&slug=1720560 "''Still Larger Than Life – To Millions, Muhammad Ali Will Always Be The Champ''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610105241/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930912 |date=2022-06-10 }}. ''The Seattle Times''. Diaksés 5 Agustus 2009.</ref><ref>Laufenberg, Norbert B. (2005). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mzTW9Nitee4C&printsec=frontcover Entertainment Celebrities]''. Trafford Publishing. k.&nbsp;9. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-4120-5335-8</bdi>. Diaksés 5 Désémber 2010.</ref><ref>Bollinger, Rhett. [http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090611&content_id=5270622&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb "''Angels draft boxing legend Ali's son''"]. Major League Baseball. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref> bari némbongkeun photo sarta ngajalankeun tés katurunan dina taun 1988. Ceuk manéhna, Ali daék tanggung jawab sarta ngarawat dirina, tapi sagala rupa hubungan kapegatkeun nalika Ali kawin ka Lonnie. Kiiursti nyaritakeun yén dirina masih sok hubungan jeung budak-budak Ali nu lianna. Sabada maotna Ali, Kiiursti datang sarta meunang ijin pikeun ngilu béla sungkawa.<ref>Bucktin, Christopher (13 Séptémber 2014). [https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/muhammad-alis-secret-daughter-begs-4256662 "''Muhammad Ali's secret daughter begs to see boxing legend one more time 'before he dies'''"]. ''Daily Mirror''. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>Ofori-Mensah (5Juni 2016). [http://omgvoice.com/news/kiiursti-mensah-ali/ "''6 Facts About Kiiursti Mensah Ali, Muhammed Ali's Ghanaian Daughter You Need To Know (sic)''"]. omgvoice.com. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>Foster, Peter; Allen, Nick (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/04/muhammad-alis-tangled-love-life-leaves-troubled-legacy/ "''Muhammad Ali's tangled love life leaves troubled legacy''".] ''The Daily Telegraph''. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> Taun 2010, Osmon Williams maju ka hareup ngaku-ngaku minangka budak biologis Ali.<ref>[http://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/157579/Ali-s-alleged-lovechild-talks-to-tabloids "''Ali's alleged lovechild talks to tabloids''"]. ''The Daily Express''. 11 Pébruari 2010. Diaksés 15 Oktober 2016.</ref> Indungna Temica Williams (ogé katelah ku rebecca Holloway) kungsi ngagugat sacara hukum ka Ali di taun 1981 pikeun alesan serangan séksual, ngaku yén manéhna geus ngamimitian sapatemon jeung Ali ti saprak umur 12 taun kénéh, sarta anakna, Osmon (lahir taun 1977) dibapaan ku Ali.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/04/24/An-18-year-old-woman-has-filed-suit-seeking-3-million/3454356936400/ "''An 18-year-old woman has filed suit seeking $3 million ...''"] United Press International. 24 April 1981. Diaksés 27 Méi 2018.</ref> Manéhna tuluy ngaku yén Ali sabenerna geus nyokong kana kahirupan dirina tur budakna sacara finansial, tapi dieureunan sabada opat bulan. Kasusna lumangsung nepi ka taun 1986 sarta antukna digugurkeun alatan tuntutanna kahalang ku pangwatesan waktu.<ref>[http://www.allcourtdata.com/law/case/williams-v-ali/cw3BaicI?page=1 "''TEMICA WILLIAMS a/k/a Rebecca Jean Holloway, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MUHAMMAD ALI, Defendant-Appellee''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019000108/http://www.allcourtdata.com/law/case/williams-v-ali/cw3BaicI?page=1 |date=2016-10-19 }}. All Court Data. Diaksés 15 Oktober 2016.</ref> Ari ceuk Veronica mah, Ali ngaku boga hubungan jeung Williams, tapi teu percaya lamun Osmon téh anakna.<ref>Eig, Jonathan (2017). ''Ali: A Life''. London: Simon & Schuster. k.&nbsp;416. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1471155932</bdi>. OCLC&nbsp;968294310.</ref> Ali tuluy cicing di [[Scottsdale]], [[Arizona]] bereng jeung Lonnie.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813104029/http://www.upi.com/Sports_News/2013/02/04/Brother-Muhammad-Alis-health-failing/UPI-72601359961200/ "''Brother: Muhammad Ali's health failing''"]. United Press International. Diarsipkeun ti nu [http://www.upi.com/Sports_News/2013/02/04/Brother-Muhammad-Alis-health-failing/UPI-72601359961200/ asli] 13 Agustus 2014. Diaksés tanggal 4 Séptémber 2014.</ref> Dina bulan Januari 2007 diwartakeun yén maranéhna rék ngajual imahna di [[Berrien Springs]], [[Michigan]] nu dibeuli di taun 1975<ref>Brewer, Dale (16 Séptémber 2018). [https://www.heraldpalladium.com/news/when-ali-was-king/article_b2f9f7b8-6988-57e1-a73f-78c2fdf67312.html "''When Ali was King''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916123936/https://www.heraldpalladium.com/news/when-ali-was-king/article_b2f9f7b8-6988-57e1-a73f-78c2fdf67312.html |date=2018-09-16 }}. ''The Herald-Palladium''. Diaksés 16 Séptémber 2018.</ref> sarta geus mareuli deui hiji imah di kiduleun [[Jefferson County]], [[Kentucky]] saharga $1.875.000.<ref>Shafer, Sheldon S. (5 Januari 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090325161651/http://www.greaterlouisville.com/content/community/FYI/pdf/files/ali%20will%20return%20home,%20buys%20louisville%20house.pdf "''Ali coming home, buys house in Jefferson County''"] (PDF). ''The Courier-Journal''. Diarsipkeun ti nu [http://www.greaterlouisville.com/content/community/FYI/pdf/files/ali%20will%20return%20home,%20buys%20louisville%20house.pdf asli] 25 Maret 2009. Diaksés 25 Januari 2007.</ref> Kadua imah éta dijarualan sabada Ali maot sarta Lonnie cicing di imah sésana di Landeuh Paradise, Arizona. Lonnie pindah kana agama Islam tina agama Katolik dina pangujung umur dua puluhan.<ref>Patricia Sheridan (3 Désémber 2007) "Patricia Sheridan's Sarapan Jeung ... Lonnie Ali" (Dina bahasa Inggris). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120118060129/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07337/838655-129.stm Diarsipkeun] 18 Januari 2012. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. Diaksés 28 Juli 2009.</ref> Budak awéwé Ali, Laila, mangrupa saurang tukang tinju profésional ti taun 1999 nepi ka 2007,<ref>[http://www.womenboxing.com/lailaali.htm "Laila Ali"]. Womenboxing.com. Diaksés 29 Januari 2012.</ref> sanajan saméméhna bapana teu panuju kana tinju awéwé. Di taun 1978, Ali nyarita “Awéwé teu dijieun pikeun kateunggeul dina pinareupna jeung beungeutna siga kitu... awakna teu dijieun pikeun kababuk beulah dieu [bari nunjuk dadana]. Kateunggeul dina pinareup....beurat... éta.<ref>[http://www.womenboxing.com/ali.htm "''Boxing''- Muhammad Ali"]. Womenboxing.com. 8 Juni 2001. Diaksés 29 Januari 2012.</ref> Kilangbara kitu, Ali nungkulan sababaraha laga tanding anakna.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/12/sports/othersports/laila-ali-with-her-father-watching-stays-undefeated.html "''Laila Ali, With Her Father Watching, Stays Undefeated''"]. ''New York Times''. 12 Juni 2005, Diaksés 26 Méi 2018.</ref> Budak awéwé Ali nu lianna, Hana, kawin ka patarung kelas manengah [[Bellator]], [[Kevin Casey]].<ref>Cepeda, Elias (4 Juni 2016). [http://www.foxsports.com/ufc/story/kevin-casey-will-fight-at-ufc-199-despite-passing-of-legendary-father-in-law-muhammad-ali-060416 "''Kevin Casey will fight at UFC 199 despite passing of father-in-law Muhammad Ali''"]. Fox Sports. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> === Agama jeung kayakinan === ==== Gabung jeung Nation of Islam ==== Ali nyaritakeun yén manéhna mimiti ngadéngé ngeunaan ''Nation of Islam'' (Bangsa Islam) nalika keur tarung di turnamén Asbok Émas di Chicago taun 1959 sarta munggaran ngahadiran pasamoan Nation of Islam di taun 1961. Manéhna tuluy hadir dina unggal pasamoan, sanajan nyumputkeun ilibiungna ti balaréa. Taun 1962, Clay patepung jeung [[Malcolm X]] nu tuluy jadi panungtun spiritual jeung pulitikna.<ref>Mitchell, Kevin (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/04/muhammad-ali-key-chapters "''From the Vietnam war to Islam – the key chapters in Ali's life''"]. ''The Guardian''. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref> Wanci tarung kahiji ngalawan Liston, anggota Nation of Islam, kaasup Malcolm X katempo di rombongan Ali. Hal ieu nungtun kana carita dina ''The Miami Herald'' saméméh patarungan pisan, yén Clay geus ngagabung kana Nation of Islam nu ampir-ampiran ngabalukarkeun lagana dibatalkeun. Dina artikelna ngutip kekecapan Cassius Clay Senior yén anakna geus biluk kana Muslim Urang Hideung nalika umur 18 taun.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19640207&id=XF4bAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-04EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5091,2145696 "''Muslim Charge Clams Up Clay''"]. ''The Pittsburgh Press''. 7 Februari 1964.</ref> [[Gambar:Elijah_Muhammad_and_Cassius_Clay_NYWTS.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Ali (katempo di tukang) dina hiji ceramah Elijah Muhammad di taun 1964.]] Kanyataanna, Clay mimitina ditolak pikeun asup ka ''Nation of Islam'' (harita remen disebut ogé Muslim Hideung) ku alatan karir tinjuna. Sanajan kitu, sanggeus meunangkeun gelar juara ti Liston di taun 1964, Nation of Islam leuwih tumarima sarta satuju pikeun ngabéwarakeun kaanggotaanna.<ref>Mitchell, Kevin (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/04/muhammad-ali-key-chapters "''From the Vietnam war to Islam – the key chapters in Ali's life''"]. ''The Guardian''. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref> Teu lila ti harita, dina tanggal 6 Maret, Elijah Muhammad nyieun biantara di radio nu nyatakeun yén Clay bakal diganti ngaranna jadi Muhammad (jalma nu kapuji) Ali (pangluhurna).<ref>Schwartz, Larry. [https://www.espn.com/sportscentury/features/00014063.html "''He is simply ... The Greatest''"]. ESPN. Diaksés 4 Maret 2018.</ref> Wanci-wanci harita, Ali pindah ka béh sisi kidul [[Chicago]] sarta pipindahan di sababaraha imah tapi teu kungsi jauh ti Masjid Maryam nu Nation of Islam atawa ti padumukan Elijah Muhammad. Manéhna cicing di Chicago salila kurang leuwih 12 taun.<ref>Steinberg, Neil (4 Juni 2016). [http://chicago.suntimes.com/sports/steinberg-for-a-time-ali-called-chicago-home "''For a time, Ali called Chicago home''"]. ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref> Ngan sababaraha jurnalis (paling kawentar nyaéta Howard Cosell) narima kana ngaran anyar Ali harita. Ali tuluy ngabéwarakeun: “Cassius Clay mah ngaran budak beulian kuring,” bari nambahkeun "Lain kuring nu milih, lain kuring nu hayang." Ngaranna heubeulna téh mangrupa ngaran saurang bulé tokoh émansipasi nu merjoangkeun hak-hak urang hideng.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p014mvdx "''History website, Muhammad Ali: "Cassius Clay is my slave name"''"]. BBC. Diaksés 2 Juli 2013.</ref><ref>[https://news.yale.edu/2016/06/09/muhammad-ali-originally-named-ardent-abolitionist-and-yale-alumnus-cassius-clay ''"Muhammad Ali originally named for ardent abolitionist and Yale alumnus Cassius Clay''."] <nowiki>http://news.yale.edu/</nowiki>. Susan Gonzalez. Tanggal 9 Juni 2016.</ref> Teu sieun patojaiah jeung tatanan urang bulé, Ali nyatakeun, “Kuring urang Amérika. Kuring bagian nu ku aranjeun teu hayang diaku. Najan kitu, biasakeun. Hideung, percaya diri, songong; ngaran kuring, lain ngaran anjeun; agama kuring, lain agama anjeun; tujuan kuring, boga kuring; biasakeun.”<ref>[http://www.9news.com.au/world/2016/06/05/06/23/muhammad-ali-s-other-fight-for-civil-rights "''<nowiki/>'I am America': Muhammad Ali's fight for civil rights''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605101019/http://www.9news.com.au/world/2016/06/05/06/23/muhammad-ali-s-other-fight-for-civil-rights |date=2016-06-05 }}. 9News, Australia. Agence France-Presse. 5 Juni 2016. Diaksés 4 Juni 2016.</ref> Sosobatan Ali jeung Malcolm X lekasan nalika Malcolm pisah ti Bangsa Islam dua minggu sabada Ali ngagabung, sedeng Ali tetap di Bangsa Islam.<ref>Handler, M. S. (9 Maret 1964). [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F07E6DA1230E033A2575AC0A9659C946591D6CF "Malcolm X ''Splits with'' Muhammad"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 1 Agustus 2008.</ref> Ali ka hareupna nyarita yén nonggongan Malcolm téh mangrupa hiji kasalahan nu paling dipikaduhung pisan dina hirupna.<ref>Ali, Muhammad; Ali, Hana Yasmeen (16 Nopémber 2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=h6G-Cy5c0GgC The Soul of a Butterfly: Reflections on Life's Journey]''. Simon & Schuster. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-7432-6286-6</bdi>. Diaksés 4 Séptember 2016.</ref> Reureujeungan jeung Bangsa Islam, katut pamingpinna [[Elijah Muhammad]] katambah ku hiji guneman nu ngacap urang bulé minangka palaku pangbantéan ka urang Amérika Afrika ngajadikeun Ali bahan panyarékan saréréa. Bangsa Islam sacara umum geus ditempo ku urang bulé jeung urang Amérika Afrika minangka hiji separatis hideung “agama kangéwa” nu boga kacondongan kana kaheurasan. Ali boga kahariwang ngeunaan ngagunakeun pangaruhna pikeun ngedalkeun doktrin Bangsa Islam.<ref>Garcia, Courtney (6 Séptémber 2013). [http://thegrio.com/2013/09/06/trials-of-muhammad-ali-highlights-boxers-anti-war-opposition/ "''<nowiki/>'Trials of Muhammad Ali' highlights boxer's anti-war opposition''"]. theGrio. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2015.</ref> Dina hiji konferénsi préss, nekenkeun kana panolakanna kana Perang Viétnam, Ali nyatakeun, “Musuh kuring téh urang bulé, lain [[Viét Kong]] atawa urang Cina atawa urang Jepang.”<ref>Metz, Nina (31 Agustus 2013). [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-08-31/entertainment/ct-ae-0901-fall-movie-profile-20130831_1_muhammad-ali-opposer-chicago-director "''The trials of a Chicago director making Muhammad Ali doc''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723020015/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-08-31/entertainment/ct-ae-0901-fall-movie-profile-20130831_1_muhammad-ali-opposer-chicago-director |date=2016-07-23 }}. ''Chicago Tribune''. Diaksés 31 Juli 2016.</ref> Tukang nulis Jerry Izenberg kungsi nyatetkeun yén, “Bangsa Islam geus jadi kulawarga Ali sarta Elijah Muhammad jadi bapana. Tapi aya hiji katojaiahan dina kanyataanna nyaéta nalika Bangsa Islam nggangap urang bulé minangka iblis, Ali malah ngabogaan batur urang bulé leuwih réa dibandingkeun karéréaan urang Amérika Afrika di Amérika mangsa harita, sarta tuluy lumangsung sapanjang karirna.<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> ==== Asup kana Islam Sunni/Sufi ==== Dina otobiographina taun 2004, Ali ngakukeun yén dirina pindah kana aliran Sunni Islam alatan Warith Deen Muhammad, nu nuluykeun kapamingpinan Bangsa Islam nalika bapana, Elijah Muhammad tilar dunya, sarta ngajak sakabéh pangilu Bangsa Islam pikeun jadi panganut Islam Sunni.<ref>Ali, Muhammad; Ali, Hana Yasmeen (2013). ''The Soul of a Butterfly''. Simon & Schuster. k.&nbsp;85.</ref> Ali [[naék haji]] ka [[Mekah]] di taun 1972, dirina kailhaman ku cara nu sarua jeung Malcolm X, patepung jeung jalma-jalma ti rupa-rupa warna nu baréda ti sakuliah dunia geus méré manéhna wawasan nu béda sarta kasadaran spiritual nu leuwih gedé.<ref>[http://www.emel.com/article?id=109&a_id=1722&c=32 "''Muhammed Ali's Pilgrimage to Makkah (sic)''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914052923/http://www.emel.com/article?id=109&a_id=1722&c=32 |date=2016-09-14 }}. ''Emel''. No.&nbsp;17. Pébruari 2006. Diaksés 4 Séptember 2016.</ref> Di taun 1977 manéhna nyarita yén, sabada dirina reureuh dina tinju, manéhna bakal ngabdikeun sésa hirupna pikeun “persiapan nyanghareupan Gusti” ku cara nulungan nu lian, nyieun amal, ngahijikeun jalma-jalma sarta ngabantu kana perdaméyan.<ref>Bryan, Chloe (4 Juni 2016). [http://mashable.com/2016/06/04/muhammad-ali-retirement-video/ "''Muhammad Ali had a thought-provoking response when asked about his retirement plans''"]. ''Mashable''. Diaksés 4 Séptember 2016.</ref> Manéhna naék haji deui dina taun 1988.<ref name=":5">Rajeev, K R (5 Juni 2016). [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/Muhammad-Alis-visit-was-Kozhikodes-knockout-moment/articleshow/52597630.cms "''Muhammad Ali's visit was Kozhikode's knockout moment''"]. ''The Times of India''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Sabada [[serangan 11 Séptémber]] taun 2001, Ali nyatakeun yén “Islam téh agama daméy” sarta “heunteu nitah kana térorisme atawa maéhan jelema”, katut ogé “ambek yén dunia nempo sakelompok panganut Islam nu ngakibatkeun kana kaancuran ieu, tapi maranéhna téh lain muslim saéstuna. Maranéh téh rasis fanatik nu ngaku-ngaku muslim.” Dina bulan Désémber 2015, manéhna nyatakeun yén “Muslim sajati apal yén kaheurasan nu biadab ti nu ngaraku jihadis Islam patojaiah jeung naon nu jadi dasar utama agama urang”, sarta “Urang salaku umat Islam kudu ngalawan ka sing saha waé nu ngagunakeun agama Islam pikeun kapentinganna pribadi,” sarta “pamingpin pulitik kudu ngagunakeun posisina pikeun mawa kana pamahaman ngeunaan agama Islam sarta ngajelaskeun yén para pamateni nu salah tungtunan ieu geus méngkolkeun pandangan jalma tina agama Islam nu sabenerna.”<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/06/muhammad-ali-face-real-islam-160606040559103.html "''Muhammad Ali: The face of 'real Islam''<nowiki/>'"]. Al Jazeera. 6 Juni 2016. Diaksés 4 Séptember 2016.</ref> Dina kahirupan satuluyna, Ali kataji ku aliran [[Sufi]], nu ditémbongkeun dina otobiographina, ''Jiwa Kukupu''. Taun 2005-an, Ali asup kana aliran Islam Sufi.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/28/sport/muhammad-ali-five-things-boxing/ "''Muhammad Ali: Five things you never knew about the boxing legend''"]. ''CNN''. 28 April 2016. Diaksés 18 Nopémber 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/nrd/articles/431161/champ-and-mr-x "''The Champ and Mr. X''"]. ''National Review''. 29 Pébruari 2016. Diaksés 18 Nopémber 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/06/04/muhammad-ali-america-s-first-muslim-hero.html "Muhammad Ali: ''America's First Muslim Hero''"]. ''Daily Beast''. 4 Juni 2016. Diaksés 18 Nopémber 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/boxing/2016/03/02/family-faith-and-magic-tricks-my-40-year-friendship-with-muhamma/ "''Family, faith and magic tricks: My 40-year friendship with'' Muhammad Ali"]. ''The Telegraph''. 4 Maret 2016. Diaksés 13 Désémber 2016.</ref> Numutkeun budak Ali, Hana Yasmeen Ali, nu ngilu ngarang Jiwa Kupu-Kupu jeung dirina, Ali kataji kana Sufi sabada maca buku [[Inayat Khan]] nu eusina ajaran Sufi.<ref>[http://www.onbeing.org/blog/omid-safi-muhammad-ali-unapologetically-black-unapologetically-muslim/8735 "''Muhammad Ali: Unapologetically Black, Unapologetically Muslim''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220165249/http://www.onbeing.org/blog/omid-safi-muhammad-ali-unapologetically-black-unapologetically-muslim/8735 |date=2016-12-20 }}. ''On Being''. 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 13 Désémber 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/islam/2005/02/muhammad-alis-new-spiritual-quest.aspx? "''Muhammad Ali's New Spiritual Quest''"]. ''Beliefnet''. Diaksés 13 Désémber 2016.</ref> Ali tuluy pindah tina ajaran Sufi Alamin Inayat Khan sabada sawatara ahli Sunni-Sufi tradisional ngeritik pagerakanna minangka patojaiah jeung ajaran sabenerna tina Islam Sunni. Muhammad Ali meunang tungtunan ti ahli-ahli Islam Sunni saperti Mufti Agung Syria almarhum Asy-Syéh Ahmad Kuftaro, Hisham Kabbani, Imam Zaid Shakir, Hamzah Yusuf jeung Timothy J. Gianotti nu aya sagédéngeun Ali nalika poé panungtunganna sarta mastikeun yén pamakaman Ali dumasar kana tata cara jeung ritual Islam.<ref>[https://uwaterloo.ca/studies-in-islam/people-profiles/timothy-gianotti-0 "Timothy Gianotti – ''The Imam whose on Muhammad Ali's last days and funeral''"]. ''On Being''. 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 13 Désémber 2016.</ref><ref>[https://uwaterloo.ca/studies-in-islam/news/prof-gianotti-plans-muhammad-alis-funeral-and-memorial "Prof. Gianotti ''plans Muhammad Ali's funeral and memorial service''"]. ''On Being''. 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 13 Désémber 2016.</ref> === Rencana réuni Beatles === Taun 1976, panemu Alan Amron jeung pangusaha Joel Sacher mimitraan jeung Ali pikeun ngapromosikeun Komite Internasional pikeun Réuni [[the Beatles]].<ref>COLUMBIA DAILY SPECTATOR [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19760617-01.2.11.3& Komite Internasional pikeun Réuni The Beatles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011193152/http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19760617-01.2.11.3& |date=2018-10-11 }} 17 Juni 1976. Diaksés 1 April 2018.</ref> Maranéhna ménta sakabéh pamuja Beatles di sakuliah dunia pikeun nyumbang sadolar saurangna. Ceuk Ali, ideuna téh lain keur nyiar kauntungan, tapi keur ngadegkeun badan internasional pikeun barudak miskin. “Duit ieu keur nulungan jalma-jalma di sakuliah dunya”, cenah. Manéhna nambahkeun, “Kuring mikaresep kana wirahma. Kuring baheula sok diajar musik maranéhna.” Ali nyaritakeun réuni the Beatles “bakal ngabagjakeun réa jelema.”<ref>BEATLES AGAIN Stan Mieses Desert Sun Newspaper 25 Januari 1977. Diaksés 1 April 2018.</ref> Para manten the Beatles teu kabita kana rencana éta, nembongkeun jawaban nu teu pati sumanget ka balaréa.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/44571778/ Can 200 Million Fans Reunite the Beatles] ''The Daily Herald'' 28 Januari 1977. Diaksés 1 April 2018.</ref> Réuni éta teu kungsi kajadian. == Perang Viétnam jeung nolak asup wajib militer == Musuh kaula nyaéta urang bule, lain Viét Kong atawa urang Cina atawa urang Jepang. Manéh lawan kuring nalika kuring hayang bébas. Manéh lawan kuring nalika kuring hayang kaadilan. Manéh lawan kuring nalika kuring hayang kasataraan. Manéh malah moal ngabélaan kuring di Amérika alatan agama kuring – ayeuna anjeun hayang sangkan kuring miang ka mana sarta ngilu perang, tapi anjeun moal ngabélaan kuring di dieu, di imah? – Ceramah Muhammad Ali nalika di pangbuangan ka sakumpulan mahasiswa kampus.<ref>Bercaw, Nancy; Ownby, Ted (eds.). ''The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 13: Gender''. k.&nbsp;291</ref> Ali kadaptarkeun dina kadinesan militer AS dina tepung taun ka-18-na sarta kaasupkeun dina kelas 1-A di taun 1962.<ref name=":6">Foley, Michael (2003), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20151016105806/http://uncpress.unc.edu/browse/page/337 Confronting the War Machine: Draft Resistance during the Vietnam War]'', University of North Carolina Press, ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-8078-5436-5</bdi>, diarsipkeun ti [http://uncpress.unc.edu/browse/page/337 nu asli] tanggal tanggal 16 Oktober 2015.</ref> Di taun 1964, manéhna diklasifikasi ulang minangka kelas 1-Y (cocog pikeun ngabdi ngan wungkul dina kaayaan darurat nasional) sabada gagal dina tés kualifikasi Angkatan Darat AS lantaran kamampuan maca jeung nulisna sahandapeun standar,<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=K7gzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PzIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=6900,3388922 "''Clay may be put into 1-A class today''"]. ''Lodi News-Sentinel''. United Press International. 10 Pébruari 1967. k.&nbsp;13.</ref> alatan [[disléksia]] téa.<ref name="Eig" /> (Manéhna kungsi nyarita, “Kuring pangpunjulna, lain pangpinterna!”).<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7">Neel, Eric. "[http://espn.go.com/page2/s/neel/011221.html Kaca 2– Muhammad Ali ''from A to Z'']". ESPN. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2013.</ref> Dina awal taun 1966, angkatan perang nurunkeun standarna sarta Ali kaasupkeun deui kana kelas 1-A.<ref name="greatath"/><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> Klasifikasi ieu ngandung harti yén Ali harita bisa kapilih sarta kadaptarkeun kana Angkatan Perang AS wanci AS keur ngilu aub dina [[Perang Viétnam]], hiji perang nu ngajadikeun dirina patelak jeung tatanan urang-urang bulé.<ref name="Roberts">Roberts, Randy (1991). Winning is the Only Thing: Sports in America Since 1945. Johns Hopkins University Press. kk. 171–172.</ref> Nalika nyaho kana statusna ieu, Ali ngedalkeun yén dirina bakal nolak ngabdi dina katentaraan sarta ka balaréa terang-terangan ngakukeun dirina jalma nu sacara sadar ngarasa beurat.<ref name="greatath"/> Ali nyatakeun: “Perang téh patojaiah jeung ajaran [[Qur’an]]. Kuring lain nyoba pikeun nyingkahan pangdaptaran. Urang teu sakuduna ngilu aub dina perang naon waé lintang nu diparéntahkeun ku Alloh atawa Nabi. Urang teu ngilu ilibiung dina perang urang Karisten atawa perang naon waé ti jalma-jalma nu teu airman.”<ref>Remnick, David (1998). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mErseIty9dwC King of the World: Muhammad Ali and the Rise of an American Hero]''. Random House. k.&nbsp;287. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-375-50065-7</bdi>.</ref> Manéhna nyatakeun ogé: “Kuring teu boga masalah jeung urang Viét Kong.” Ali ogé ngajéntrékeun: “Naha maranéhna ménta kuring sangkan maké saragam sarta miang sapuluh rébu mil jauhna pikeun muragkeun bom jeung pélor ka urang-urang Viétnam nu caroklat bari jeung naon nu disarebut négro ku maranéhna di Louisville diperlakukeun alabatan anjing sarta nolak kana hak-hak asasi manusa nu céték?”<ref>Haas, Jeffrey (1 Nopémber 2009). ''The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther''. Lawrence Hill Books. k.&nbsp;27. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-55652-765-4</bdi>.</ref> Ali ngalawan kana tatanan urang-urang bulé di taun 1966 ku cara nolak didaptarkeun kana militer AS ku alesan agama jeung kateupanujuanna kana ilibiungna AS dina Perang Viétnam.<ref name="HauserThomas">Hauser, Thomas. "[http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/civil-rights-movement/essays/importance-muhammad-ali The Importance of Muhammad Ali]". Institut Gilder Lehrman.</ref><ref name="Roberts">Roberts, Randy (1991). Winning is the Only Thing: Sports in America Since 1945. Johns Hopkins University Press. kk. 171–172.</ref> Dina tanggal 28 April 1967, Ali katempo di Houston ngahadiran jadwal pangdaptaranna ka Angkatan Perang AS, tapi nolak maju nalika dicalukan nepi ka tilu kalina. Saurang perwira ngingetan Ali yén manéhna geus ngalakukeun tindakan ngalanggar sarta bisa dihukum panjara nepi ka lima taunna tur denda $10.000. Sakali deui Ali teu nyumponan panggero sarta tuluy ditahan. Satuluyna poé harita kénéh Komisi Atlétik Nagara Bagian New York nahan ijin tinjuna jeung nyabut gelarna. Komisi tinju lianna tuluy narurutan. Ali teu bisa meunangkeun ijin pikeun tinju di unggal nagara bagian nepi ka tilu taunna.<ref>Reemstsma, Jean (1999). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc9tZ7IfUTEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=more+than+a+champion+prime#v=onepage&q=stronger&f=false More Than a Champion: The Style of Muhammad Ali]''. New York: Vintage. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-375-70005-7</bdi>. Diaksés 14 Maret 2012.</ref> Dina sidang pangadilan tanggal 20 Juni 1967, sabada ngan 21 menit sawala, juri nyatakeun Ali salah geus ngalakukeun tindakan kriminal naglanggar hukum Seleksi Pangabdian ku cara nolak asup wamil. Sabada naék banding kana kaputusan éta, kasusna ditempo ulang deui ku Pangadilan Tinggi AS di taun 1971.<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/403/698 "Cassius Marsellus CLAY, Jr. also known as Muhammad Ali, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES"]. ''LII / Legal Information Institute''.</ref> Ali bébas kénéh salila tilu taun mangsa putusan banding jeung sidang pangadilan tinggi. Ku obahna opini publik ngalawan kana perang sarta lumangsungna Pagerakan Hak Sipil pikeun ngumpulkeun dukungan, Ali jadi tukang biantara nu kawentar di kampus-kampus jeung universitas-universitas di sakuliah negeri; hal nu kaitung langka lamun saméméhna dirina lain tukang tinju profésional mah. Di Universitas Howard contona, Ali nepikeun pidatona nu kasohor,  “Urang Hideung Pangpunjulna” di hareupeun 4.000 mahasiswa jeung kaum inteléktual, sabada manéhna diundang ku Prof. Nathan Hare mungguhing Komite Kakuatan Urang Hideung, hiji kelompok mahasiswa pamoha.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919377-5,00.html ""The Greatest" Is Gone"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120918011542/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919377-5,00.html |date=2012-09-18 }}. ''Time''. February 27, 1978. k.&nbsp;5. Diaksés 4 Agustus 2007.</ref> Dina tanggal 28 Juni 1971, Pangadilan Tinggi Amérika Sarikat dina kasus Clay lawan Amérika Sarikat ngabatalkeun dakwaan ka Ali ku putusan buleud 8-0 (Hakim Thurgood Marshall mundurkeun manéh alatan manéhna  jadi jaksa panungtut wanci Ali didakwa).<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/403/698 "Cassius Marsellus CLAY, Jr. also known as Muhammad Ali, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES. | LII / Legal Information Institute"]. Law.cornell.edu. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2013.</ref> Putusanna lain teu boga dasar, kaunggulan klaim Ali datang ku soranganna; malah, ti awal sidang, Pangadilan teu boga alesan pikeun nolak tuntutan dispénsasi kabeuratan sacara sadar Ali sarta nyimpulkeun yén putusan banding Ali bisa diandelkeun, ku kituna dakwaan ka Ali kudu dibatalkeun.<ref>[https://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1970/1970_783 "Clay v. United States | The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law"]. Oyez.org. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2013.</ref> === Dampak tina panolakan wajib militer Ali === Tuladan Ali ngailhaman mangpirang-pirang urang Amérika hideung tur nu séjénna. Kolumnis ''the New York Times'', William Rhoden nulis, “Kalakuan Ali geus ngarobah kana standar kuring ngeunaan naon nu ngawangun kaagungan saurang atlét. Ngabogaan luncatan maut jeung kamampuan pikeun eureun ngadadak geus teu cukup deui. Naon nu ku anjeun dipilampah pikeun ngabébaskeun bangsa anjeun? Naon nu ku anjeun dipilampah pikeun ngabantu nagara anjeun pikeun nanjeurkeun komitmen prinsip-prinsip ti para pangadeg nagri?”<ref name="nytimes1"/> Nginget-nginget kana pusisi anti perang Ali, [[Kareem Abdul Jabbar]] nyarita: “Kuring inget guru-guru di sakola luhur teu mikaresep ka Ali lantaran manéhna sakitu anti kamapanan sarta mangrupa jalma nu teu mikahormat jeung teu paduli ka pihak nu nyepeng kawenangan. Faktana, manéhna téh saurang jalma hideung sarta ngabogaan bakat nu sakitu réana… ngakibatkeun sababaraha jalma mikir yén manéhna téh jalma nu ngabahayakeun. Tapi ku alesan éta kuring jadi mikaresep dirina.”<ref>[http://digital.wustl.edu/e/eii/eiiweb/abd5427.5952.001kareemabdul-jabbar.html "''Interview with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar''"]. Digital.wustl.edu. 3 Maret 1989. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2013.</ref> Tokoh-tokoh hak-hak sipil yakin yén Ali geus méré tanaga pikeun pagerakan kabébasan sacara kasaluruhan. Al Sharpton nyaritakeun wawanén Ali dina wanci masih kénéh gedé dukungan kana Perang Viétnam. “Pikeun juara dunia kelas beurat, nu geus meunangkeun tingkat selebritas olahraga pangluhurna, narohkeun sagalana–duit, pangaruh– keur dikorbankeun pikeun hiji alesan, nu geus méré legitimasi nu saéstuna pikeun pagerakan...Manéhna apal yén bakal dibui, tapi anggeur kénéh milampah hal éta. Nu kitu téh mangrupa tingkatan nu lianna tina kapamingpinan jeung pangorbanan.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-36450806 "''Muhammad Ali: The man who changed his sport and his country''"]. BBC. 5 Juni 2016.</ref> Ali dileler ku [[Pangajén Martin Luther King]] taunan dina taun 1970 ku pamingpin hak-hak sipil, Ralph Abernathy, nu nyebut dirina “saurang toladan hirup tina kakuatan jiwa, Parade Washington (ed. wangun protés taun 1963) dina wangun dua peureup.” Coretta Scott King nambahkeun yén Ali téh minangka “hiji juara dina kaadilan, kadaméyan jeung kasahijian.”<ref>Ezra, Michael (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Gh3rtDyeSAIC&pg=PA82 "''Muhammad Ali's Main Bout: African American Economic Power and the World Heavyweight Title''"]. ''Muhammad Ali: The Making of an Icon''. Temple University Press. k.&nbsp;82. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>9781592136612</bdi>.</ref> Nyaritakeun karugian Ali ku nolakna asup wajib militer, palatih Angelo Dundee nyarita, “Hiji hal nu jadi pangbeuratna nyaéta: Taun-taun punjulna geus dirampog, taun-taun kajayaanna.”<ref>[http://espn.go.com/boxing/story/_/id/7470417/muhammad-ali-was-continues-greatest "''Dundee: Ali was, still is 'The Greatest'''"]. ESPN. 17 Januari 2012. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2013.</ref> Bob Arum harita teu ngadukung Ali. Kadieunakeun, Arum nyatakeun yén “nalika kuring nempo ka tukang dina kahirupanna, kuring ngarasa reueus bisa ngakukeun sobat sarta babarengan dina waktu nu réa, beurat pikeun kuring mun kudu nyaritakeun kadigjayaan tinjuna sabab jalma-jalma harita ngalemahkeun pangaruh dirina pikeun dunia,” sarta “Manéhna geus milampah naon nu dianggap bener ku manéhna. Kanyataanna manéhna mémang bener sarta kuring nu salah.”<ref>Whitcomb, Dan [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-ali-arum/former-ali-promoter-bob-arum-recalls-boxers-impact-on-society-idUSKCN0YR01R?mod=related&channelName= "''Former Ali promoter Bob Arum recalls boxer's impact on society''"], Reuters, 5 Juni 2016. Diaksés 15 Séptémber 2018.</ref> Panolakan Ali kana wamil dicaritakeun deui dina pilem dokuménter taun 2013, ''Pangadilan Muhammad Ali''.<ref>Rapold, Nicolas (22 Agustus 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/23/movies/trials-of-muhammad-ali-traces-alis-battle-over-vietnam.html "''One of His Biggest Fights Was Outside of the Ring''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 29 Agustus 2016.</ref> === NSA jeung FBI nyérangkeun komunikasi Ali === Dina hiji operasi rahasiah nu disebut “Minaret”, ''the National Security Agency'' ([[NSA]]) / Agénsi Kaamanan Nasional, nyadap guneman urang-urang Amérika nu aronjoy, kaasup Ali, Sénator Frank Church jeung Howard Baker, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., jurnalis AS nu kaceluk, sarta jalma-jalma séjénna nu maido kana perang AS di Viétnam.<ref>Zirin, Dave (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/06/the-hidden-history-of-muhammad-ali/ "''The Hidden History of Muhammad Ali''"]. ''Jacobin''. Diaksés 17 April 2017.</ref><ref name=":8">Pilkington, Ed (26 Séptémber 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/26/nsa-surveillance-anti-vietnam-muhammad-ali-mlk "''Declassified NSA files show agency spied on Muhammad Ali and MLK''"]. ''The Guardian''. Diaksés 16 April 2017.</ref> Hiji panyawangan ulang ku NSA ngeunaan program Minaret nyimpulkeun saéstuna hal éta téh mangrupa “goréng lampah lamun teu bisa disebut ngalanggar hukum mah.”<ref name=":8" /> Dina taun 1971, [[Tarung Abad Ieu]]-na ngalawan Frazier geus méré bahan pikeun sakumpulan aktipis, Komisi Warga pikeun Maluruh [[FBI]], keur ngabolékérkeun palanggaran di kantor FBI di [[Pennsylvania]], ku medarkeun operasi COINTELPRO nu kaasup di jerona lampah paniténan illegal ka para aktipis nu kabaud dina pagerakan hak-hak rahayat jeung anti perang. Salah saurang target COINTELPRO nyaéta Ali, nu mana FBI meunangkeun aksés kana catetan kahirupanna ti saprak di SD kénéh; salah sahiji catetanna nyebutkeun yén Ali mikacinta seni wanci keur leutikna.<ref>Medsger, Betty (6 Juni 2016). [https://theintercept.com/2016/06/06/in-1971-muhammad-ali-helped-undermine-the-fbis-illegal-spying-on-americans/ "''In 1971, Muhammad Ali Helped Undermine the FBI's Illegal Spying on Americans''"]. ''The Intercept''. Diaksés 17 April 2017.</ref> == Karir di dunia hiburan == === Dunia peran === Ali nyieun peran kaméo dina pilem taun 1962, ''Requiem for a Heavyweight'', ogé wanci pangbuanganna tina tinju, manéhna jadi béntang dina pilem musikal pondok Broadway taun 1969, ''Buck White''. Manéhna ogé minton dina pilem dokuménter ''Black Rodeo'' (1972) nunggang boh kuda boh banténg. Otobiographina, ''The Greatest: My Own Story'' (''Pangpunjulna: Dongéng Sorangan''), ditulis ku Richard Durham, medal di taun 1975.<ref name=":9">Ali, Muhammad; Durham, Richard (Oktober 1975). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EkfhAAAAMAAJ The Greatest: My Own Story]''. New York: Random House. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-394-46268-4</bdi>. OCLC&nbsp;1622063.</ref> Dina taun 1977, buku éta dijieun pilemna make judul ''The Greatest'', di mana Ali maén minangka dirina sarta Ernest Borgnine merankeun Angelo Dundee. Pilem ''Freedom Road'', nu dijieun taun 1978, mintonkeun Ali dina peran langka minangka Gideon Jackson, manten budak beulian jeung soldadu Sarikat (Perang Sodara Amérika) di taun 1870-an di Virginia, nu kapilih jadi Sénat AS sarta patelak jeung manten budak beulian lianna nu jadi patani maro bareng jeung urang bulé, pikeun mertahankeun lemahna nu geus ditempatan salila hirupna. === Kekecapan nu puitis jeung musik ''rap'' === Ali remen cumarita ngawirahma jeung puitis, boh keur sakacampleng nalika tinju atawa keur puisi pulitik di saluareun tinju. Manéhna maénkeun hiji peran dina ngawangun tradisi puisi urang hideung, mangnarataskeun jalan keur ''The Last Poets'' di taun 1968, Gil Scott-Heron di 1970 sarta medalna musik ''rap'' di taun 70-an.<ref name="nytimes2">{{Cite news|last=Gates|first=Henry Louis Jr.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/09/opinion/muhammad-ali-the-political-poet.html|title=Muhammad Ali, the Political Poet|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 9, 2016|access-date=September 4, 2016}}</ref> Numutkeun ''[[The Guardian]]'', “sababaraha jalma boga pamadegan yén Ali téh minangka ''[[rapper]]'' munggaran.”<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2016/jun/06/muhammad-ali-influence-rap-golden-age "''Muhammad Ali's influence ran deep through rap's golden age''"]. ''The Guardian''. 6 Juni 2016.</ref> Taun 1963, Ali medalkeun albeum wirahma kecap carita ti Rékaman Columbia nu judulna, ''I Am the Greatest'' sarta di taun 1964 Ali ngarékam vérsi ''cover'' tina kawih ''rhytm and blues'' “''Stand by Me''.”<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTlN6pU01K0 "Song ''Stand By Me'', ''recorded in 1964 by Muhammad Ali, then known as Cassius Clay''"]. YouTube. 13 Désémber 2008. Diaksés 20 Pébruari 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.secondhandsongs.com/performance/80810 "''Different versions of 'Stand By Me'''"]. Secondhandsongs.com. Diaksés 20 Pébruari 2013.</ref> ''I Am the Greatest'' kajual 500.000 kopi sarta geus dianggap minangka conto awal tina [[musik rap]] jeung panglulugu tina [[hip hop]].<ref>Tinsley, Justin (8 Juni 2016). [https://theundefeated.com/features/muhammad-ali-i-am-the-greatest-album/ "''The Grammy-nominated'' Cassius Clay"]. ''The Undefeated''.</ref><ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/muhammad-ali-worlds-greatest-boxer-was-also-hip-hop-pioneer-20160604 "Muhammad Ali: ''Famed Pugilist Was Also Hip-Hop Pioneer''"]. ''Rolling Stone''. 4 Juni 2016.</ref> Hasil ngahontal paringkat ka-61 dina tangga lagu sarta dinominasikeun pikeun ''[[Grammy Award]]''. Ali tuluy meunangkeun deui nominasi Grammy nu kadua kalina pikeun “Rékaman Lagu Budak Pangpunjulna”, ku rékaman cacaritaan nu pikaresepeun taun 1976, ''The Adventure of Ali and His Gang vs. Mr. Tooh Decay.''<ref name="rollingstone2" /> Ali mangrupa tokoh dina dunia musik [[hip hop]]. Minangka “jalma nu murwakanti”, manéhna kaceluk ku “ngalagena”, “songong”, “kecap-kecap runtah komikal”<ref name="rollingstone1"/> jeung “teu reureuh ngaluarkeun kekecapan nu bisa dikutip.” Numutkeun majalah ''Rolling Stones'', “kamampuan sakarepna” sarta “wirahma, alur jeung gedé omong” bakal “dina hiji mangsa jadi tipikal MC sakola heubeul” contona [[Run-D.M.C.]] jeng [[LL Cool J.]] sarta “égona nu kaleuleuwihi ngalangkang di [[Kanye West]], sedeng kasadaran Afroséntrisna jeung katerusteranganna nunjuk kana panyanyi-panyanyi puitis modern saperti [[Rakim]], [[Nas]], [[Jay-Z]] jeung [[Kendrick Lamar]].”<ref name="rollingstone2" /> “Kuring gulat jeung buaya, kuring ocon jeung lauk paus, kuring ngaborgol kilat jeung manjarakeun guludug. Manéh nyaho kuring téh jahat. Karak minggu Kamari kuring maéhan karang, natuan batu, ngirim bata ka rumah sakit. Kuring sakitu curalingna, nepi ka obat gé dijieun garering.”<ref>[https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/440864-i-ve-wrestled-with-alligators-i-ve-tussled-with-a-whale-i "''A quote by Muhammad Ali''"]. ''www.goodreads.com''.Diaksés 19 April 2019.</ref> “Ngalayang siga kukupu, nyeureud alabatan nyiruan. Leungeunna bisa neunggeul naon nu ku panonna teu katempo. Kadang kuring katempo, kadang hanteu. George nyangka manéhna bakal mampuh, tapi kuring nyaho yén manéhna moal.”<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/boxing/2016/06/03/muhammad-ali-best-quotes-boxing/85370850/ "''30 of Muhammad Ali's best quotes''"]. ''USA TODAY''. Diaksés 19 April 2019.</ref> Ali nyarita kawas nu can kungsi diomongkeun ku nu séjén saméméhna. Sakitu pinuh ku kayakinan dina naon anu ku dirina disebut: lancar, lemes, kréatif jeung nyingsieunan. Manéhna tukang tinju sarta saurang aktifis, tapi ogé boga peran dina mangaruhan naon nu kiwari disebut minangka budaya lokal, hip-hop. Di taun 2006, pilem dokuménter ''Ali Rap'' dipedalkeun ku [[ESPN]]. [[Chuck D]], saurang ''rapper'' pikeun band [[Public Enemy]] minangka pamawa acarana.<ref>Berry, Ben (9 Juni 2016). [http://thesource.com/2016/06/09/the-10-best-muhammad-ali-references-in-hip-hop/ "''The 10 Best Muhammad Ali References In Hip Hop''"]. ''The Source''. Diaksés 19 April 2019.</ref> ''Rapper'' lianna nu biantara dina pilem dokuménter éta kaasup [[Doug E Fresh]], [[Ludacris]] jeung Rakim nu kabéhanna ngaatasnamakeun Ali. Ali kasebut-sebut minangka inspirasi ku para ''rapper'' saperti [[LL Cool J]],<ref name="rollingstone1"/> [[Chuck D]] ti [[Public Enemy]],<ref>[https://theundefeated.com/features/muhammad-ali-the-original-rapper/ "Muhammad Ali: ''The original rapper – Legendary emcee Chuck D of Public Enemy talks Ali's impact on hip-hop''"]. ''The Undefeated''. 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> [[Jay-Z]], [[Eminem]], Sean Combs, Slick Rick, Nas jeung MC Lyte. Ali karujuk dina sajumlah lagu hip hop, kaasup di antarana, lagu Migos “Fight Night”, The Game “Jesus Pierce”, Nas “The Message”, [[The Sugarhill Gang]] “Rapper’s Delight”, theFugees “Ready or Not”, EPMD “You’re a Customer” jeung [[Will Smith]] “Getting Jiggy with It”.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/jay-z-eminem-and-more-hip-hop-luminaries-remember-muhammad-ali/ "Jay Z, Eminem ''and more hip-hop luminaries remember'' Muhammad Ali"]. CBS News. 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> === Pintonan télévisi === Patarungan Muhammad Ali kaasup kana sawatara siaran télévisi nu panglobana dilalajoanan di dunia, nyatetkeun rékor pamiarsa tivi panglobana. Patarunganna nu pangréana ditongton nyatetkeun kira-kira 1-2 juta pamiarsa di sakuliah dunya antara taun 1974 jeung 1980 sarta mangrupa siaran télévisi pangréana ditongton mangsa harita.<ref name=":3" /> Di saluareun tinju, Ali nyieun ogé réa pintonan lianna. Tabel di handap ieu ngabéréndélkeun gambaran pamiarsa tina pintonan di saluareun tinju. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" |+ !Tanggal !Siaran !Wilayah !Panongton !Sumber |- |17 Oktober 1971 |''Parkinson'' (seri1, episode 14) |Karajaan Inggris |12.000.000 |<ref name="parkinson">{{Cite news|title=Michael Parkinson:'I loved Ali ... but he was a hypocrite'|work=Mail Online|date=November 26, 2016|quote=They met four times in the studio between 1971 and 1981 ... Parky the cool inquisitor, whose Saturday-night chat show was a national institution attracting 10 million viewers, and Ali, the funny, eloquent fighter who added another two million to the audience when he appeared.}}</ref> |- |25 Januari 1974 |''Parkinson'' (seri 3, episode 18) |Karajaan Inggris |12.000.000 | |- |7 Désémber 1974 |''Parkinson'' |Karajaan Inggris |12.000.000 | |- |28 Maret 1977 | Academy Awards ka-49 |Amérika Sarikat |39.719.000 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/reference/academy-awards-show-ratings/|title=Academy Awards Show Ratings|website=[[TV By The Numbers]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008211435/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/reference/academy-awards-show-ratings/ |date=2016-10-08 }}</ref> |- |25 Désémber 1978 |''This Is Your Life'' ("Muhammad Ali") |Amérika Sarikat |60.000.000 |<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hauser|first=Thomas|title=Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times|date=2012|publisher=[[Anova Books]]|isbn=9781907554902|page=431|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7K6-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT431}}</ref> |- |24 Okrovwe 1979 |''Diff'rent Strokes'' ("Arnold's Hero") |Amérika Sarikat |41.000.000 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sitcomsonline.com/diffrentstrokesseason2dvdreview.html|title=Diff'rent Strokes - The Complete Second Season DVD Review|website=Sitcoms Online|accessdate=September 1, 2018}}</ref> |- |17 Januari 1981 |''Parkinson'' (seri 10, episode 32) |Karajaan Inggris |12,000,000 | |- | rowspan="2" |9 Juli 1996 | rowspan="2" |Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics opening ceremony |Sakuliah dunya |3.500.000.000 |<ref name="Hajeski">{{Cite book|last=Hajeski|first=Nancy J.|title=Ali: The Official Portrait of "The Greatest" of All Time|date=2013|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781607109839|page=293|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ClZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA293}}</ref> |- |Amérika Sarikat |209.000.000 |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Toff|first=Benjamin|title=Olympics Ratings Set Record|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/26/arts/26arts-OLYMPICSRATI_BRF.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 25, 2008}}</ref> |- |4 Januari 2007 |''Michael Parkinson's Greatest Entertainers'' |Karajaan Inggris |3.630.000 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barb.co.uk/viewing-data/weekly-top-30/|title=Weekly top 30 programmes|publisher=[[Broadcasters' Audience Research Board]]|accessdate=September 1, 2018}}</ref> |- |9 Juni 2016 |Upacara paturay tineung Muhammad Ali |Sakuliah dunya |1.000.000.000 |<ref name="alicenter">{{Cite web|url=https://alicenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2016-Annual-Report-FINAL_spreads.pdf|title=ANNUAL REPORT 2016|publisher=[[Muhammad Ali Center]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203175252/https://alicenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2016-Annual-Report-FINAL_spreads.pdf |date=2020-12-03 }}</ref> |- ! !Total PAnongton !Sakuliah dunya !4.692.349.000 ! |} == Taun-Taun satuluyna == Di taun 1984, Ali didiagnosis kakeunaan ku sindrom Parkinson, hiji panyakit nu kadang-kadang  dihasilkeun tina trauma dina sirah alatan kaheurasan aktifitas pisik saperti tinju.<ref name="nytimes"/><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/22/sports/sports-people-ali-leaves-hospital-vowing-take-better-care-himself-get-more-sleep.html "''Ali Leaves Hospital Vowing to take better care of himself and get more sleep''"]. ''The New York Times''. 22 Séptémber 1984. Diaksés 9 Maret 2009.</ref><ref>Friedman, J. H. (1989). "''Progressive parkinsonism in boxers''". ''Southern Medical Journal''. '''82''' (5): 543–546. doi:10.1097/00007611-198905000-00002. PMID&nbsp;2655100.</ref> Harita Ali masih bisa kénéh aktif, masih bisa jadi wasit tamu dina [[WrestleMania I]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605013012/http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/history/wm1/celebrities/ "WrestleMania I: ''Celebrities''"]. Wwe.com. 31 Maret 1985. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/history/wm1/celebrities/ asli] tanggal 5 Juni 2011. Diaksés 29 Januari 2012. </ref><ref>McAvennie, Mike (17 Januari 2007). [http://www.wwe.com/inside/news/archive/alibday "''Happy Birthday to 'The Greatest''<nowiki/>'"]. WWE.com. Diaksés 16 Pébruari 2009.</ref> Ali kawéntar minangka saurang humanitarian<ref name=":10">[https://news.sky.com/story/muhammad-ali-handed-humanitarian-honour-10470033 "''Muhammad Ali Handed Humanitarian Honour''"]. ''Sky News''. 14 Séptémber 2012.</ref> jeung dermawan.<ref>[https://www.theodysseyonline.com/tribute-muhammad-ali-athlete-philanthropist-legend "''A Tribute To Muhammad Ali: The Athlete, Philanthropist And Legend''"]. ''Odyssey''. 6 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.biography.com/people/muhammad-ali-9181165 "Muhammad Ali"]. ''Biography.com''. 18 Januari 2018.</ref> Manéhna suhud kana ngajalankeun tugas agama Islamna ku [[sodakoh]] jeung amal hadé, nyumbangkan jutaan ka organisasi amal jeung jalma-jalma nu teu mampu ti unggal kasang tukang agama. Diperkirakeun Ali geus nulungan leuwih ti 22 juta jalma nu kalaparan di sakuliah dunya.<ref>Christopher, Paul J.; Smith, Alicia Marie (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=81mybCXNstAC&pg=PA20 Greatest Sports Heroes of All Times: North American Edition]''. Encouragement Press, LLC. k.&nbsp;20. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>9781933766096</bdi>.</ref> Ali datang ka Afrika dimimitian di taun 1964, nalika manéhna nganjang ka [[Ghana]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36469288 "''In pictures: Muhammad Ali's love affair with Africa''"]. ''BBC News''. 9 Juni 2016.</ref> Taun 1974, Ali ngadatangan kémp pangungsi [[Palestina]] di [[Libanon Kidul]], di mana Ali nyatakeun “ngadukung kana perjuangan Palestina pikeun ngabébaskeun lemah caina.”<ref name=":11">Zirin, Dave (8 Juni 2016). [http://www.thenation.com/article/andrew-cuomo-would-have-blacklisted-muhammad-ali/ "''Andrew Cuomo Would Have Blacklisted Muhammad Ali''"]. ''The Nation''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Taun 1978, sabada éléh ku Spinks jeung saméméh males meunang dina tanding ulang, Ali ngadatangan [[Bangladesh]] jeung narima kawarganagaraan kahormatan di dinya.<ref>Rahman, Mizan (6 Juni 2016). [http://www.gulf-times.com/story/497055/Muhammad-Ali-s-forgotten-land-in-Bangladesh "''Muhammad Ali's forgotten land in Bangladesh''"]. ''Gulf Times''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Dina taun nu sarua, Ali ilibiung dina Leumpang Pangjauhna (''The Longest Walk''), hiji pawéy protés di Amérika Sarikat dina raraga ngadukung kana hak-hak urang pribumi Amérika, babarengan jeung panyanyi [[Stevie Wonder]] sarta aktor [[Marlon Brando]].<ref>Schilling, Vincent (4 Juni 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160821134332/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2016/06/04/greatest-muhammad-ali-walks-164692 "''<nowiki/>'The Greatest' Muhammad Ali Walks On''"]. Indian Country Today Media Network. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2016/06/04/greatest-muhammad-ali-walks-164692 asli] tanggal 21 Agustus 2016, Diaksés tanggal 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Taun 1980, Ali direkrut ku Présidén [[Jimmy Carter]] kana hiji misi diplomatik ka Afrika dina raraga ngolo sajumlah pamaréntahan Afrika pikeun biluk kana ngaboykot [[Olimpiade Moskow]] nu dipingpin ku AS (minangka wawales kana [[serangan Soviét ka Afghanistan]]). Numutkeun nu nulis biographi Ali, Thomas Hauser, “dina alusna, éta téh konsép nu salah; dina goréngna, hiji bencana diplomatik.” Pamaréntahan [[Tanzania]] ngarasa kahina ku ketak Charter nu geus ngirimkeun saurang atlét pikeun hiji masalah pulitik nu seurieus. Salah saurang pajabatna nyindiran naha bakal pamaréntah AS ngirimkeun [[Chris Evert]] pikeun badami jeung London. Pamustunganna, Ali ngan ditarima ku menteri pamuda jeung budaya ti batan ku Présidén Julius Nyerere. Ali teu bisa ngajelaskeun naha nagara-nagara Afrika kudu ngiluan kana boykot AS padahal AS teu ngilu ngarojong kana boykot Afrika dina [[Olimpiade taun 1976]] (dina raraga protés kana pulitik [[Apartheid]] di [[Afirka Kidul]]), ogé Ali teu nyadar yén Uni Soviét geus ngarojong kana pagerakan révolusi populer di Afrika. Ali nyerah, “Maranéhna teu ngabéjaan kuring ngeunaan hal éta di Amérika”, sarta kuciwa alatan Charter geus ngirimkeun dirina “ka sabudeureun dunya bari mawa dominasi kawijakan AS.”<ref>Hauser 2004, k. 397</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/06/muhammad-ali-diplomat-213941 "''Muhammad Ali’s Strange, Failed Diplomatic Career''"], by Michael Ezra, ''Politico Magazine'', 5 Juni 2016. Diaksés 1 April 2019.</ref> Pamaréntah [[Nigeria]] ogé nolak dirina sarta mastikeun yén nagara éta bakal ngiluan dina laga di Moskow. Ali, najan kitu, hasil ngayakinkeun pamaréntahan [[Kénya]] pikeun ngilu ngaboykot Olimpiade.<ref>Cuddihy, Martin (9 Juni 2016). [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-09/muhummad-ali-is-remembered-by-africa/7495452 "''Muhammad Ali: Africa remembers the boxing legend''"]. ABC News (Australia). Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Dina tanggal 19 Januari 1981, di [[Los Angeles]], Ali ngupah ngapéh saurang jalma nu rék maéhan manéh ku cara luncat ti lantéy salapan hiji wangunan, kajadian éta jadi warta nasional.<ref>Levin, Josh (4 Juni 2016). [http://www.slate.com/articles/sports/sports_nut/2016/06/the_time_muhammad_ali_stopped_a_man_from_leaping_to_his_death.html "''The Time Muhammad Ali Stopped a Man From Leaping to His Death''"]. ''Slate''.</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19810119&id=CRJPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nAIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6956,2319132&hl=en "''Ali Talks Would-Be Jumper Off Ninth-Floor Fire Escape''"]. The Blade / Associated Press. 20 Januari 1981.</ref> [[Gambar:MuhammadAliundRonaldReagan.jpg|ka|jmpl|Présidén [[Ronald Reagan]] jeung Ali di Kantor Oval di taun 1983.]] Taun 1984, Ali ngabéwarakeun dukunganna pikeun kapilih deuina Présidén AS [[Ronald Reagan]]. Nalika ditanya ngeunaan pangrojongna ka Reagan, Ali nyarita ka wartawan, “Manéhna ngajaga sangkan Gusti tetep aya di sakola, sakitu gé cukup.”<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/03/us/campaign-notes-muhammad-ali-switches-his-support-to-reagan.html "''CAMPAIGN NOTES; Muhammad Ali Switches His Support to Reagan''"]. ''The New York Times''. UPI. 3 Oktober 1984. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 1984.</ref> Taun 1985, Ali nganjang ka Israél rék ménta dibébaskeunna tahanan Muslim di kémp panahanan Atlit, nu ku Israél teu ditedunan.<ref>[http://archive.jta.org/1985/06/28/archive/muhammad-ali-steps-into-ring "''Muhammad Ali Steps into Ring''"]. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 28 Juni 1985. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Taun 1987, Yayasan Dua Abad California pikeun Konstitusi AS milih Ali keur jadi tuladan pikeun pentingna Konstitusi AS jeung [[Piagem Hak Asasi]]. Taun hareupna Ali ngilu nunggang dina Pasanggiri Parade Eros, medalkeun pangéling-ngéling 200 taun Konstitusi AS.<ref name=":12">[https://constitutioncenter.org/calendar/muhammad-ali-2012-liberty-medal-ceremony "''Muhammad Ali 2012 Liberty Medal Ceremony''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118064736/https://constitutioncenter.org/calendar/muhammad-ali-2012-liberty-medal-ceremony |date=2018-01-18 }}. National Constitution Center. Diaksés 17 Januari 2018.</ref> Taun 1998, wanci gerakan [[Intifadah Kahiji]], Ali ngilu dina hiji pawéy di [[Chicago]] dina raraga ngadukung Palestina.<ref name=":11" /> Dina taun éta kénéh Ali miang ka [[Sudan]] pikeun ningkatkeun kapadulian ngeunaan kateugenahan korban-korban nu kalaparan.<ref>Khaled, Ali (4 Juni 2016). [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/sports/2016/06/04/How-Muhammad-Ali-became-a-sporting-hero-to-the-Arab-world.html "''How Muhammad Ali became a sporting hero to the Arab world''"]. Al Arabiya. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Taun 1989, Ali ngiluan dina kagiatan amal [[India]] baréng jeung Masarakat Pangatikan Muslim di [[Kozhikode]], Kerala, baréng jeung aktor Bollywood, [[Dilip Kumar]].<ref name=":5" /> [[Gambar:Muhammad_Ali_1997.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Ali di taun 1997]] Taun 1990, Ali miang ka Irak saméméh kajadian [[Perang Teluk]] sarta nepungan [[Saddam Hussein]] dina usahana pikeun nanawar kana pangbébasan sandera AS. Ali hasil ngabébaskeun para sandera ku cara ngajanjian Hussein yén manéhna bakal mawa Amérika kana “lampah nu jujur” ka Irak. Sanajan hasil ngabébaskeun sandera, Ali meunang kritik ti Présidén [[George H. W. Bush]], diplomat Joseph C. Wilson jeung ''The New York Times''.<ref>Callahan, Maureen (29 Nopémber 2015). [https://nypost.com/2015/11/29/the-tale-of-muhammad-alis-goodwill-trip-to-iraq-that-freed-us-hostages/ "''How Muhammad Ali secured the release of 15 US hostages in Iraq''"]. ''New York Post''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.heroism.org/class/1970/ali.html "Muhammad Ali"]. Heroism.org. 17 Januari 1942. Diaksés 5 Désémber 2010.</ref><ref>Brian Becker (10 Juni 2016). [http://www.answercoalition.org/i_was_with_muhammad_ali_on_his_hostage_release_trip_to_iraq_and_the_media_has_it_all_wrong "''I was with Muhammad Ali on his hostage-release trip to Iraq — and the media has it all wrong''"]. ANSWER Coalition. Diaksés 1 Juli 2018.</ref> Ali medalkeun hiji sajarah oral, ''Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times'' ku Thomas Hauser di taun 1991. Taun 1994, Ali ngajujurung pamaréntah AS sangkan ngabantuan ka para pangungsi nu dialatankeun ku pangbantéyan [[Rwanda]], sarta nyumbang ka organisasi-organisasi nu nulungan para pangungsi Rwanda. Dina taun 1996, Ali meunang kahormatan pikeun nyeungeut obor [[Olimpiade 1996]] di [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia]]. Harita ditongton ku kira-kira 3,6 miliar panongton di sakuliah dunya.<ref name="Hajeski"/> Dina tangal 17 Nopémber 2002, Ali miang ka Afghanistan minangka “Kurir Perdaméyan [[PBB]].”<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20021213180823/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=5382&Cr=Muhammad&Cr1=Ali "''UN Messenger of Peace Muhammad Ali arrives in Afghanistan''"]. UN News Centre. 13 Désémber 2002. Diarsipkeun tinu [https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=5382&Cr=Muhammad&Cr1=Ali asli] tanggal tanggal 13 Désémber 2002. Diaksés 29 Januari 2012.</ref> Manéhna cicing di Kabul pikeun hiji misi niat hadé salila tilu poé minangka tamu husus PBB.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100316125459/http://www.life.com/image/1647010?epmid=1 "''Muhammad Ali visits Kabul''"]. Getty Images. Diarsipkeun ti nu [http://www.life.com/image/1647010?epmid=1 asli] 16 Maret 2010. Diaksés 20 Méi 2008.</ref> Tanggal 1 Séptémber 2009, Ali nganjang ka Ennis, Conty Clare, Irlandia, asal muasal buyutna, Abe Grady, nu migrasi ka AS di taun 1860 nu antukna netep tumetep di [[Kentucky]].<ref>McDonald, Brian (12 Agustus 2009). "''Fightin' talk as Ennis awaits Muhammed Ali (sic)''". ''Irish Independent''. Diaksés 26 Agustus 2009.</ref> Tanggal 27 Juli 2012, Ali jadi pamawa kahormatan bandera Olimpiade nalika upacara bubuka [[Olimpiade Usum Panas 2012]] di London. Ali dibantuan ku pamajikanna, Lonnie, sangkan bisa cengkat sahareupeun bandera, ku alatan Parkinsonna, Ali teu bisa mawa bandera ka stadion.<ref>Wilson, Stan (28 Juli 2012). [http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/27/sport/olympics-muhammad-ali/index.html "''Muhammad Ali returns to the Olympic stage, once again, in London''"]. CNN. Diaksés 29 Juli 2012.</ref> Dina taun éta kénéh Ali dilleler ku Medali Kabébasan Philadelphia minangka pangakuan usaha kaaktifanna, kadermawananna jeung kamanusaanna nu geus sakitu lilana.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":10" /> Taun 2014 Ali nyieun tweet-an nu ngadukung Trayvon Martin jeung pagerakan Kahirupan Urang Hideung Miboga Harti.<ref>[http://qz.com/701272/remembering-muhammad-alis-legacy-as-a-radical-and-peaceful-muslim/ "''Remembering Muhammad Ali's legacy as a radical, and peaceful, Muslim''"]. ''Quartz''. 7 Juni 2016.</ref> === Panghasilan === Dina taun 1978, total panghasilan Ali diperkirakeun ampir $60 jutana<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/123074668/ "''Corporal Spinks, you're the greatest!''"]. ''The Age''. 17 Pébruari 1978.</ref> (mun diakurkeun jeung inflasi sarua jeung $312 juta), kaasup kira-kira $47,45 juta panghasilan kasar antara taun 1970 nepi ka 1978.<ref name=":13">[https://books.google.com/books?id=c0IDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA53 "''Muhammad Ali's Finances A Puzzle To News Media; 'I'm Broke,' He Quips''"]. ''Jet''. Johnson Publishing Company. '''54''' (4): 53. 13 April 1978.</ref> Dina taun 1980, total panghasilan tina tandingna kira-kira nepi ka $70 juta<ref name=":14">[http://people.com/archive/his-lifestyle-his-ex-wives-his-expensive-entourage-they-explain-why-ali-took-an-8-million-beating-vol-14-no-16/ "''His Lifestyle, His Ex-Wives, His Expensive Entourage: They Explain Why Ali Took An $8 Million Beating''"]. ''People''. 20 Oktober1980.</ref> (diakurkeun jeung inflasi sarua jeung $332 juta). Taun 1978, Ali balaka yén manéhna “bangkrut” sarta sababaraha sumber warta ngabéjakeun yén babandaanna ngan tinggal $3,5 juta (diakurkeun jeung inflasi $13 juta). Dunia préss neumbleuhkeun pangorotan hartana kana sababaraha faktor, kaasup itungan pajak nu saheunteuna satengah tina panghasilanna, manajemen méakkeun sapertilu tina panghasilanna,<ref name=":13" /> gaya hirup sarta pangaluaran kulawarga, amal jeung kapentingan-kapentingan agama.<ref name=":14" /> Taun 2006, Ali ngajual ngaran jeung gambar dirina pikeun $50 juta,<ref>Burkeman, Oliver (13 April 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/13/usa.sport "''Ali, the Greatest, sells his name and image for $50m''"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> nu sabada ku ''[[Forbes]]'' ditaksir bandana aya kana $55 juta di taun 2006.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/53/39A3.html "''Muhammad Ali, The Top 100 Celebrities''"]. ''Forbes Celebrity 100''. Forbes. 2006. Diaksés 10 Méi 2018.</ref> Sabada maotna di taun 2016, kakayaan Ali diperkirakeun antara $50 juta nepi ka $80 juta.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/muhammad-ali-s-name-likely-rake-cash-years-come-n587086 "''Muhammad Ali's Name Likely to Rake in the Cash for Years to Come''"]. ''NBC News''. 7 Juni 2016.</ref> === Kasehatan nu ngorotan === Alatan [[Parkinson]], kaséhatan Ali tuluy-tuluyan ngorotan, najan kitu Ali masih kénéh aktif dina awal-awal taun milenium, ngapromosikeun pilem biographina, ''Ali'', di taun 2001. Taun éta ogé Ali nyumbangkeun hiji ségmén kaméra pikeun konsér amal ''America: A Tribute to Heroes''.<ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=102292 "''60 Million Watch America: A Tribute to Heroes''"]. ABC News. 23 Séptémber 2001. Diaksés 17 Januari 2018.</ref> [[Gambar:0522_ma_big_(cropped1).jpg|ka|jmpl|Ali jeung Michael J. Fox nyieun kasaksian di hareupeun hiji komite Sénat dina raraga panyayagaan dana pamaréntah pikeun merangan Parkinson.]] Taun 1998, Ali mimiti gawé bareng jeung aktor [[Michael J. Fox]], nu sarua ngabogaan panyakit Parkinson, keur ningkatkeun kasadaran sarta nyiar dana pikeun ubarna. Maranéhna hadir babarengan di saharapeun Kongrés pikeun neken kasusna di taun 2002. Taun 2000, Ali réréongan jeung Yayasan Michael J. Fox keur Panyakit Parkinson dina raraga ningkatkeun kasadaran jeung ngarojong sumbangan pikeun panalitian.<ref>Bulman, May (5 Juni 2016). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/muhammad-ali-dead-michael-j-fox-tribute-parkinsons-disease-common-fight-a7066416.html "''Muhammad Ali dead: Michael J Fox pays tribute to fellow Parkinson's disease sufferer and their 'common fight'''"]. ''The Independent''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Dina bulan Pébruari 2013, dulur Ali, Rahman Ali, nyarita yén Muhammad geus teu bisa deui cumarita sarta kamungkinan bakal maot dina sababaraha poé deui.<ref>Chasmar, Jessica (3 Pébruari 2013). [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/feb/3/brother-muhammad-ali-could-be-dead-days/ "''Brother: Muhammad Ali 'could be dead in days'''"]. ''The Washington Times''. Diaksés Séptémber 2016.</ref> Budak awéwé Ali, May May nimbal kana rumor éta, nyatakeun yén manéhna geus ngobrol jeung Ali liwat telepon dina tanggal 3 Pébruari isuk-isuk sarta Ali teu kua kieu.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-400_162-57567369/muhammad-alis-daughter-father-watching-super-bowl-not-near-death/ "''Muhammad Ali's daughter: Father watching Super Bowl, not near death''"]. CBS News. 5 Pébruari 2013. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Dina tanggal 20 Désémber 2014, Ali di ka rumah sakitkeun alatan [[pneumonia]] hampang.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141221093217/http://www.nujournal.com/page/content.detail/id/761659/Muhammad-Ali-hospitalized-with-pneumonia.html?isap=1&nav=5036 "''Muhammad Ali hospitalized with pneumonia''"]. ''The Journal''. Associated Press. Diarsipkeun tanggal 21 Désémber 2014, Diaksés 21 Désémber 2014.</ref> Ali asup deui ka rumah sakit dina tanggal 15 Januari 2015 alatan inféksi saluran uriner sabada kapanggih ngabigeu di hiji imah pangistirahatan di [[Scottsdale]], [[Arizona]].<ref>Bucktin, Christopher (16 Januari 2015). [https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/boxing/boxing-legend-muhammad-ali-intensive-4987518 "''Boxing legend Muhammad Ali in hospital after being found 'unresponsive' at his home''".] ''The Mirror''. Diaksés 16 Januari 2015.</ref> Ali kaluar ti rumah sakit dina poé isukna.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150120224903/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/sports/ali-out-of-hospital-in-time-for-73rd-birthday/ar-AA8g057?ocid=ansspafp11 "''Ali out of hospital in time for 73rd birthday''"]. MSN. Diarsipkeun ti nu [https://web.archive.org/web/20150120224903/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/sports/ali-out-of-hospital-in-time-for-73rd-birthday/ar-AA8g057?ocid=ansspafp11 asli] 20 Januari 2015. Diaksés 17 Januari 2015.</ref> == Tilar dunya == Ali dikarumahsakitkeun deui di Scottsdale, Arizona dina tanggal 2 Juni 2016, ku alatan panyakit pernapasan. Najan kondisina mimitina mah dianggap “lumayan”, kanyataanna kalah leuwih parah sarta dirina tilar dunya dina poé isukna dina umur 74 taun ku alatan ''septic shock''.<ref>Martin, Jill (2 Juni 2016). [http://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/02/us/muhammad-ali-hospitalized-with-respiratory-issue/ "''Muhammad Ali hospitalized with respiratory issue''"]. ''CNN''. Diaksés 3 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/US/muhammad-ali-dies-greatest-boxer-dead-74/story?id=18391211 "Muhammad Ali ''Dies: 'The Greatest' Boxer Dead at 74''"]. ''ABC News''. 4 Juni 2016. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>Lipsyte, Robert (3 Juni 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/04/sports/muhammad-ali-dies.html "Muhammad Ali ''Dies at 74: Titan of Boxing and the 20th Century''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 3 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>Schuppe, Jon (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/sports/muhammad-alis-hometown-louisville-honors-late-boxer-our-inspiration-n585816 "Muhammad Ali ''Died of Septic Shock, Will Be Honored at Public Funeral: Spokesman''"]. ''NBC News''. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> === Liputan warta jeung pangajén === Sabada maotna, Ali jadi topik pangraména nomer hiji dina Twitter salila 12 jam sarta dina Facebook pikeun sababaraha poé. [[BET]] mintonkeun dokuménterna ''Muhammad Ali: Buatan Miami''. [[ESPN]] mintonkeun acara bébas iklan nu ngabahas Ali. Jaringan warta saperti [[ABC News]], [[BBC]], [[CNN]] jeung [[Fox News]] ogé midangkeun dirina sacara réa. Ali dipikasedih sacara global, juru wicara kulawarga nyaritakeun yén kulawargana “yakin yén Muhammad téh warga dunia ... sarta maranéhna nyadar yén dunia sarua ngilu sedih.” Pulitisi saperti [[Barack Obama]], [[Hillary Clinton]], [[Bill Clinton]], [[Donald Trump]], [[David Cameron]] jeung réa-réa deui mére panghormatan keur Ali. Ali ogé nampa sajumlah panghormatan ti para olahragawan dunia kaasup [[Michael Jordan]], [[Tiger Woods]], [[Floyd Mayweather]], [[Mike Tyson]], [[the Miami Marlins]], [[LeBron James]], Steph Curry jeung réa-réa deui. Walikota Lousiville, Greg Fischer nyatakeun, “Muhammad Ali mémang milik dunia. Tapi manéhna ngan ngabogaan hiji kota asal.”<ref>[http://www.columbian.com/news/2016/jun/04/ali-citizen-of-the-world/ "''Ali: 'Citizen' of the world''<nowiki/>'"]. ''Columbian''. 6 Juni 2016.</ref> Dina poéan maotna Ali, [[UFC]] méré pangajén pikeun Ali dina kagiatan UFC 199 ku mangrupa hiji pakét vidéo panjang, muji Ali pikeun jasa-jasana sarta inspirasina ka sababaraha juara UFC.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/ufc-199-invades-the-la-forum-honors-boxing-legend-muhammad-ali/ "UFC 199 ''Invades LA Forum, Honors Boxing Legend'' Muhammad Ali"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805080747/https://www.thewrap.com/ufc-199-invades-the-la-forum-honors-boxing-legend-muhammad-ali/amp/ |date=2020-08-05 }}. ''TheWrap.com''. 4 Juni 2016. Diaksés 16 Januari 2020.</ref> === Pangéling-ngéling === Vidéo Éksternal [https://www.c-span.org/video/?410916-1/memorial-service-muhammad-ali-19422016 "Muhammad Ali Memorial Service"], C-SPAN Pamakaman Ali geus direncanakeun ku dirina sarta nu lianna ti sababaraha taun méméh kajadianna.<ref>Schreiner, Bruce; Galofaro, Claire (7 Juni 2016). [http://news.nationalpost.com/news/world/will-smith-lennox-lewis-among-pallbearers-for-muhammad-ali-who-scripted-his-funeral-in-his-final-days "Will Smith, Lennox Lewis ''among pallbearers for'' Muhammad Ali, ''who scripted his own funeral in final days''"] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''nationalpost.com''. Diaksés 31 Juli 2016.</ref> Pamulasaraan dimimitian di Lousiville dina tanggal 9 Juni 2016 ku solat janazah di ''Freedom Hall'' di ruang handap Puseur Pameran Kentucky. Dina tanggal 10 Juni 2016, prosési pamakamanna ku jalan jalan-jalan di Louisville semet ka réngsé di Pamakaman Cave Hill di mana janazahna direureuhkeun heula nalika upacara pribadi. Tetenggerna dicirian ku pananda granit nu basajan nu ngan maké tulisan ngaranna wungkul. Hiji acara pangéling-ngéling umum dilumangsungkeun di Gedong KFC Yum! Louisville dina wanci pasosoré tanggal 10 Juni.<ref>[http://wfpl.org/muhammad-ali-buried-louisville-friday/ "Muhammad Ali ''To Be Buried In Louisville Frida''y"]. WFPL. 4 Juni 2016. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>"''Muhammad Ali's funeral to be watched worldwide by billions''". India.com. 5 Juni 2016. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160609165705/http://www.whas11.com/news/local/muhammad-ali-islamic-funeral-prayer-service-jenazah-scheduled-at-freedom-hall/234230429 "Muhammad Ali ''Islamic Funeral Prayer Service'' Jenazah ''scheduled at Freedom Hall''"]. WHAS-TV. 6 Juni 2016. Diarsipkeun ti [http://www.whas11.com/news/local/muhammad-ali-islamic-funeral-prayer-service-jenazah-scheduled-at-freedom-hall/234230429/ nu asli] tanggal 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 9 Juni 2016.</ref> Nu ngangkat petina kaasup [[Will Smith]], [[Lennox Lewis]] jeung [[Mike Tyson]], sarta pangangkat kahormatan di antarana [[George Chuvalo]], [[Larry Holmes]] jeung [[George Foreman]]<ref>Litman, Laken (10 Juni 2016). [http://ftw.usatoday.com/2016/06/will-smith-mike-tyson-pallbearers-muhammad-ali-funeral "Will Smith, Mike Tyson ''among those serving as pallbearers at Muhammad Ali's funeral | For The Win''"]. ''ftw.usatoday.com''. Diaksés 31 Juli 2016.</ref>.Upacara pangéling-ngéling Ali ditongton ku kira-kira samilyar pamiarsa di sakuliah dunya.<ref name="alicenter"/> == Paninggalan == [[Gambar:Muhammad_Ali_and_President_Bush.jpg|ka|jmpl|Bari disérangkeun ku Nyonya Lonnie Ali, Présidén [[George W. Bush]] ngarangkul Muhammad Ali sabada ngaleler dirina ku Madali Kabébasan Présidénsial dinat tanggal 9 Nopémber 2005, dina acara upacara di Gedong Putih.]] Muhammad Ali geus ngéléhkeun sakabéh jago kelas beurat dina mangsana, nu disebut-sebut minangka mangsa kaemasan di dunia tinju kelas beurat. Ali dileler ku sebutan “Patarung Taun Ieu” ku majalah ''[[The Ring]]'' leuwih mineung batan patarung séjénna sarta leuwih loba kabaud dina “Patarungan Taun Ieu” ''Ring'' batan nu séjénna. Ali kaasupkeun dina [[Balé Kahormatan Tinju Internasional]] sarta ogé dina tujuh Balé Kahormatan lianna. Ali minangka salah sahiji tina ngan tilu-tiluna tukang tinju nu katelah ku “[[Olahragawan Taun Ieu]]” ku ''Sports Illustrated''. Taun 1978, tilu taun méméh reureuhna, Anggota Déwan Lousiville di kota asalna, Louisville, Kentucky, milih 6-5 pikeun ngaganti ngaran Jalan Walnut ku Muhammad Ali Boulevard. Hal ieu, harita dianggap kontrovérsial, dina jero 12 minggu tujuh tanda ngaran jalan leungit ku nu maok. Awal taun éta, hiji komite di Sakola Umum Wilayah Jefferson (Kentucky), nimbang-nimbang pikeun ngaganti ngaran almamater Ali, Sakola Luhur Séntral, dina raraga ngahargaan Ali, tapi wacana ieu gagal jadi kanyataan. Ku majuna waktu, Muhammad Ali Boulevard – sarta Ali sorangan – antukna ditarima kalayan hadé di kota tempat asalna.<ref>Hill, Bob (19 Nopémber 2005). "Ali ''stirs conflicting emotions in hometown''". ''The Courier-Journal''. k.&nbsp;K5.</ref> Dina taun 1993, the ''Associated Press'' ngalaporkeun yén Ali ipis pisan posisina jeung [[Babe Ruth]] minangka atlét pangkawentarna, tina leuwih ti 800 atlét nu hirup kénéh atawa nu geus maot di Amérika. Panalitian manggihan yén 97% urang Amérika nu umurna leuwih ti 12 taun arapaleun boh ka Ali boh ka Ruth.<ref>Wilstein, Steve, Associated Press, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1957&dat=19930517&id=XZYxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RuEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1249,4781703 "''Retton, Hammill most popular American athletes in United States: poll''"]; ''The Daily Gazette'', 17 Méi 1993.</ref> Ali téh panampa [[Pangajén Sumanget Arthur Ashe]] taun 1997. Di taun 1999, majalah Time ngasupkeun Ali kana 100 Jalma Paling Penting di Abad 20.<ref>Quittner, Joshua (14 Juni 1999). [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,26473,00.html "Ali—''Time 100 People of the Century''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308133259/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,26473,00.html |date=2013-03-08 }}. ''Time''.</ref> Dileler ku [[Olahragawan Abad Ieu]] ku ''Sports Illustrated''.<ref>[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/features/cover/news/1999/12/02/awards "''Sports Illustrated honors world's greatest athletes''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819000437/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/features/cover/news/1999/12/02/awards/ |date=2011-08-19 }}. CNN. 3 Désémber 1999.</ref> Meunangkeun gelar Pribadi Olahraga Abad Ieu dina poll BBC, manéhna meunang sora leuwih réa dibanding sora pasaing-pasaingna lamun dihijiekun (kaasup [[Pele]], [[Jesse Owens]] jeung [[Jack Nicklaus]]).<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/561352.stm "''Ali crowned Sportsman of Century''"]. ''BBC Sport''. 13 Désémber 1999. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> Dina tanggal 13 Séptémber 1999, Ali meunang gelar "Atlét Kentucky Abad Ieu" ti Balé Kahormatan Atlétik Kentcuky dina hiji upacara di Gedong Galt Wétan.<ref>Spears, Marc J. (14 Séptémber 1999). [http://courier-journal.newspapers.com/image/110892451/?terms=Show%2Bstops%2Bwhen%2Bthe%2Bchamp%2Barrives%2Bfor%2Bawards%2Bdinner "Ali: ''The Greatest of 20th century; Show stops when the champ arrives for awards dinner''"]. ''The Courier-Journal''.</ref> Tanggal 8 Januari 2001, Muhammad Ali dileler ku Madali Warga Nagara Présidénsial ku Présidén [[Bill Clinton]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120801215612/http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Mon_Jan_8_141714_2001.html "''President Clinton Awards the Presidential Citizens Medals''"]. ''Today at The White House''. Arsip jeung Catatan Administrasi Nasional. 8 Januari 2001. Diarsipkeun ti [http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Mon_Jan_8_141714_2001.html nu asli] tanggal 1 Agustus 2012. Diaksés tanggal 5 Juni 2016.</ref> Bulan Nopémber 2005, Ali nampa [[Madali Kabébasan Présidénsial]] ti Présidén [[George W. Bush]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306114811/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/11/20051103-5.html "''Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients''"]. White House Press Secretary. 3 Nopémber 2005. Diarsipkeun ti [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/11/20051103-5.html nu asli] tanggal 6 Maret 2008. Diaksés 20 Méi 2008.</ref><ref>[http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=2219166 "B''ush presents Ali with Presidential Medal of Freedom''"]. ESPN. 14 Nopémber 2005. Diaksés 16 Pébruari 2009.</ref> dituturkeun ku [[Madali Perdaméyan Otto Hahn]] dina wangun Emas ti Asosiasi PBB Jérman (DGVN) di Bérlin pikeun usahana baréng jeung pagerakan hak-hak sipil sarta jeung PBB nu ditampa ku dirina dina 17 Désémber 2005.<ref>[http://www.seattletimes.com/sports/briefs-ali-to-receive-otto-hahn-medal-today-in-berlin/ "''Briefs: Ali to receive Otto Hahn Medal today in Berlin''"]. ''The Seattle Times''. 17 Désémber 2005. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref> [[Gambar:AliCenter.jpg|jmpl|Puseur Muhammad Ali di sisi jalan nagara bagian 64 di Louisville, Kentucky béh sisi leuwi.]] Tanggal 19 Nopémber 2005 (poé tepung taun rarabina Ali ka-19), Gedong non-profit Séntral Muhammad Ali saharga $60 juta dibuka di tengah kota Louisville. Dina raraga pikeun midangkeun pangéngéling tinjuna, séntra éta ngan suhud dina téma-téma inti perdaméyan, tanggung jawab sosial, kahormatan jeung pamekaran pribadi. Tanggal 5 Juni 2007, Ali nampa gelar doktor honoris pikeun kamanusaan dina upacara wisuda ka-260 di Universitas Princeton.<ref>Ryan, Joe (5 Juni 2007). [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2007/06/boxing_legend_ali_gets_princet_1.html "''Boxing legend Ali gets Princeton degree''"]. ''The Star-Ledger''. Diaksés 5 Juni 2007.</ref> Mol Ali, nu pernahna di Séntra Araneta, Kota [[Quezon]], Philipina, dingaranan maké ngaran dirina. Pangwangunan mol éta, nu munggaran dina jinisna, dimimitian teu lila sabada Ali meunangkeun tanding ngalawan Joe Frazier di taun 1975 di Koloseum Araneta nu teu pati jauh ti dinya. Mol éta dibuka di taun 1976 sarta Ali ngaluuhan dina acara pangbukaanna.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160902164449/http://www.aranetacenter.net/2008/archiveAlimallComeback.php "''Ali Mall: First Ever Shopping Mall Makes A Comeback''"]. Séntra Araneta. Diarsipkeun ti [http://www.aranetacenter.net/2008/archiveAlimallComeback.php nu asli] tanggal 2 Séptémber 2016. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Laga Muhammad Ali vs [[Antonio Inoki]] taun 1976 maénkeun hiji peran penting dina sajarah [[seni beladiri campuran]].<ref>Gross, Josh (2016). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GPCGDAAAQBAJ Ali vs. Inoki: The Forgotten Fight That Inspired Mixed Martial Arts and Launched Sports Entertainment]''. BenBella Books. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>9781942952190</bdi>.</ref> Di Jepang, tanding éta ngailhaman murid Inoki, Masakatsu Funaki jeung Minoru Suzuki pikeun ngadegkeun [[Yayasan Pancrase|Yayasan ''Pancrase'']] di taun 1993, nu kaituna ngailhaman diadegkeunna [[Kajuaraan Patarungan Pride|Kajuaraan Patarungan ''Pride'']] di taun 1997. Pride dibeuli ku pasaingna, ''[[Ultimate Fighting Championships]]'' di taun 2007.<ref>[http://mmajunkie.com/2016/06/what-role-did-boxer-muhammad-ali-play-in-early-mma-let-ali-vs-inoki-author-josh-gross-explain "''What role did boxer Muhammad Ali play in early MMA? Let 'Ali vs. Inoki' author Josh Gross explain''"]. ''MMAjunkie''. 13 Juni 2016. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref><ref>Grant, T. P. (2 Méi 2013). [http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2013/5/2/4220042/ufc-mma-history-origins-pride-fc-rickson-gracie-Nobuhiko-Takada "''MMA Origins: Fighting For Pride''"]. ''BloodyElbow''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> [[Akte Réformasi Tinju Muhammad Ali]] dikenalkeun di taun 1999 sarta dikaluarkeun di taun 2000 pikeun nangtayungan hak-hak jeung kasajahtraan para patinju di Amérika Sarikat. Dina bulan Méi 2016, hiji piagem dikenalkeun ka Kongrés AS ku Markwayne Mullin, saurang pulitisi manten patarung [[MMA]] pikeun manjangkeun Akta Ali kana seni beladiri campuran.<ref>Raimondi, Marc (12 Juni 2016). [http://www.mmafighting.com/2016/6/12/11911444/click-debate-whats-all-this-talk-about-the-ali-act-coming-to-mma "''Click Debate: What's all this talk about the Ali Act coming to MMA?''"]. ''MMAjunkie''. Diakseés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Dina Juni 2016, sénator AS Rand Paul ngusulkeun hiji amandemén pikeun undang-undang wajib militer AS  sangkan maké ngaran Ali, hiji usulan pikeun ngahapus Sistém Pangabdian Selektif.<ref>Klimas, Jacqueline (7 Juni 2016). [http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/rand-pauls-amendment-to-knock-out-the-draft-named-after-muhammad-ali/article/2593175 "''Rand Paul's amendment to knock out the draft named after Muhammad Ali''"]. ''Washington Examiner''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Taun 2015, ''Sports Illustrated'' ngaganti ngaran Pangajén Warisan Olahragawan jadi Pangajén Warisan Muhammad Ali ''Sports Illustrated''. Pangajén taunan éta asalna dijieun di taun 2008 sarta méré ajén ka manten “tokoh olahraga nu midangkeun kaolahragaan, kapamingpinan jeung kadermawanan nu idéal minangka tunggangan pikeun ngarobah dunya.” Ali munggaran némbongan dina sampul majalah éta di taun 1963 sarta sababaraha kali dipidangkeun deui minangka sampulna dina wanci karirna.<ref>[https://www.si.com/sports-illustrated-sportsman-year-legacy-award-renamed-for-muhammad-ali SI Wire] "''SI dedicates Sportsman of the Year Legacy Award to'' Muhammad Ali", ''Sports Illustrated'', 25 Séptémber 2015. Diaksés 13 Séptémber 2015.</ref> Tanggal 13 Januari 2017, tujuh bulan sabada maotna, sarta opat poé méméh tepung taunna nu ka 75, Akte Koin Panginget-nginget Muhammad Ali diusulkeun kana Kongrés ka-115 (2017-2019), minangka H.R. 579 (''House of Representatives'') jeung minangka S. 166 (''Senate''). Sanajan kitu, duanana "digugurkeun" dina jero waktu 10 poé.<ref>Walker, Hubert (23 Januari 2017). [https://coinweek.com/modern-coins/boxing-legend-muhammad-ali-commemorative-coin-bill-introduced/ "''Boxing Legend Muhammad Ali Commemorative Coin Bill Introduced''"]. ''CoinWeek''. Diaksés 2 Pébruari 2020.</ref> === Dina média jeung budaya populér === Minangka juara dunia tinju, aktipis sosial jeung ikon budaya pop, Ali jadi subjék tina sababaraha gawé kréatif, kaasup buku, pilem, musik, vidio gim, acara TV jlld. Muhammad Ali remen dilandi minangka “jalma pangkasohorna” di média.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/56024982/ "''The Daily Oklahoman''"]. 29 Juni 1979.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/111037876/ "''The Courier-Journal''"]. 26 Apriil 1986.</ref><ref>[https://blogs.voanews.com/us-opinion/2016/06/06/the-most-famous-person-ever/ "''The Most Famous Person Ever''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320160714/https://blogs.voanews.com/us-opinion/2016/06/06/the-most-famous-person-ever/ |date=2023-03-20 }}. ''Voice of America''. 6 Juni 2016.</ref> Sababaraha patarunganna ditongton ku kira-kira 1-2 milyar panongton antara taun 1974 nepi ka 1980, sarta panyeungeutan oborna dina [[Olimpiade Atlanta 1996]] ditongton ku kira-kira 3,5 milyar panongton.<ref name="Hajeski"/> [[Gambar:StangoAli.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Lukisan Muhammad Ali seni pop ku John Stango]] Ali nembongan dina sampul ''Sports Illustrated'' dina 38 kali kajadian nu baréda,<ref>[https://www.si.com/vault/search/covers?q=muhammad%20ali "''Muhammad Ali Covers''"]. ''Sports Illustrated Vault''. Sports Illustrated. Diaksés 22 Désémber 2019.</ref> nempatan posisi kadua ngan sahandapeun [[Michael Jordan]] wungkul.<ref>[https://www.si.com/vault/search/covers?q=michael%20jordan "''Michael Jordan Covers''"]. ''Sports Illustrated Vault''. Sports Illustrated. Diaksés 22 Désémber 2019.</ref> Ali ogé minton dina sampul Majalah ''[[Time]]'' lima kali,<ref>[https://time.com/4357508/muhammad-ali-time-cover-philippe-halsman/ "''Behind TIME's New Muhammad Ali Cover''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213084701/https://time.com/4357508/muhammad-ali-time-cover-philippe-halsman/ |date=2023-12-13 }}. ''Time''. Dina artikelna dikutip opat kali, tambah sampul dina artikel harita jadi lima. 2016. Diaksés 20 Nopémber 2019.</ref> panglobana dibanding atlét mana ogé. Taun 2015, Harris Poll nyimpulkeun yén Ali téh minangka hiji tina tilu atlét pangkakoncarana di Amérika Sarikat, bareng jeung Michael Jordan sarta [[Babe Ruth]].<ref>[http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/14470482/michael-jordan-jordan-stays-atop-harris-poll-ahead-babe-ruth-muhamad-ali "''Jordan stays atop Harris Poll ahead of Ruth, Ali''"]. ''ESPN''. 31 Désémber 2015.</ref> Dina pangjieunan ''Freedom Road'', Ali patepung jeung panyanyi-pangarang lagu Michel (ogé nelah ku Robert Williams, saurang nu ngilu ngadegkeun ''The Kindness Offensive'',<ref>Smith, Amy (9 Juni 2016). [https://www.timeout.com/london/music/meet-the-busker-who-worked-as-muhammad-alis-personal-musician "''Meet the London busker who worked as Muhammad Ali's personal musician''"]. ''Time Out''. Diaksés 12 Juni 2016.</ref> sarta tuluy ngabantuan nyieun album Michel nu dijudulan ku ''The First Flight'' ''of the Gizzelda Dragon'' sarta siaran husus tivi nu mintonkeun maranéhna duaan.<ref>Michel (4 Januari 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/jan/04/experience-muhammad-ali-mentor "''Experience: Muhammad Ali was my mentor''".] ''The Guardian''. Diaksés 11 Juni 2016.</ref> Ali jadi jejer dina program télévisi Inggris ''This Is Your Life'' di taun 1978 di mana manéhna dihelokkeun ku Earnonn Andrews.<ref>[http://www.bigredbook.info/muhammad_ali.html "''Muhammad Ali's appearance on This Is Your Life''"]. ''Big Red Book – Celebrating television's This Is Your Life''. Diaksés 11 Januari 2016.</ref> Ali dipintonkeun dina ''Superman vs Muhammad Ali'', buku komik DC taun 1978 nu ngadukeun si juara ngalawan si superhero. Taun 1979, Ali jadi béntang tamu merankeun dirina dina hiji épisode komédi situasi NBC, ''Diff’rent Strokes''. Acara éta sorangan kailhaman ku kutipan “''Different strokes for different folks''” nu dipopulérkeun ku Ali di taun 1966 nu ogé ngailhaman judul lagu Syl Johnson di taun 1967 “''Different Strokes''”. salah sahiji lagu nu pangmindengna ditarurutan dina sajarah musik.<ref>[https://www.metv.com/lists/10-things-you-never-knew-about-diffrent-strokes "''10 things you never knew about 'Diff'rent Strokes''<nowiki/>'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303175922/https://www.metv.com/lists/10-things-you-never-knew-about-diffrent-strokes |date=2020-03-03 }}. MeTV. 6 Pébruari 2018.</ref> Ali ogé nulis sababaraha buku payu ngeunaan karirna, kaasup ''The Greatest: My Own Story'' jeung ''The Soul of a Butterfly''. Épek Muhammad Ali, dingaranan maké ngaran Ali, mangrupa hiji istilah nu digunakeun dina psikologi di taun 1980-an, nalika Ali nyarita dina ''The Greatest: My Own Story'': “Kuring ngan ngomong kuring téh pangpunjulna, lain pangpinterna.”<ref name=":9" /> Numutkeun épék ieu, nalika jalma ditanya pikeun ngukur kapinteranna jeung perilaku moralna dibandingkeun jeung nu lian, jalma-jalma bakal ngukur dirina minangka leuwih ngabogaan moral ti batan leuwih pinter banding nu lian.<ref>Allison, Scott T.; Messick, David M.; Goethals, George R. (1989). "''On Being Better but not Smarter than Others: The Muhammad Ali Effect''". ''Social Cognition''. '''7''' (3): 275–295. doi:10.1521/soco.1989.7.3.275.</ref><ref>Van Lange, P. A. M. (1 Désémber 1991). "''Being Better but Not Smarter than Others: The Muhammad Ali Effect at Work in Interpersonal Situations''". ''Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin''. '''17''' (6): 689–693. doi:10.1177/0146167291176012.</ref> ''When We Were Kings'', hiji pilem dokuménter ngeunaan ''Palagan di Leuweung'', meunangkeun Pangajén Academy pikeun Pintonan Dokuménter Panpunjulna,<ref>''[[imdbtitle:0118147|When We Were Kings (1996)]]'' dina IMDb</ref> sarta pilem biographi taun 2001, Ali, ngahasilkeun nominasi pikeun [[Will Smith]] dina kategori Aktor Pangpunjulna dina peranna minangka Ali.<ref>''[[imdbtitle:0248667|Ali (2001)]]'' dina IMDb.</ref> Pilem nu disebut ti tukang disutradaraan ku Michael Mann jeung dijieun tina campuran kajian, sarta réa kritikus pilem muji ka Smith dina merankeun Ali. Saméméh pangjieunan pilem éta, Smith nolak peranna nepi ka Ali sorangan ménta sangkan dirina daék narima. Smith nyaritakeun, hal kahiji nu ku Ali diomongkeun ka dirina nyaéta: “''Man'', anjeun ampir nepi kasépna pikeun merankeun kuring.”<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1719162.stm "''FILM,'' ''Will Smith peaks as Ali''"]. ''BBC News''. 25 Désémber 2001. Diaksés 5 Désémber 2010.</ref> Taun 2002, Ali dileler ku hiji béntang dina Jalan Kamashuran Hollywood pikeun sumbanganna ka industri hiburan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100701010558/http://hwof.com/star/live-theatre/muhammad-ali/2435 "''Hollywood Walk of Fame database''"]. HWOF.com. Diarsipkeun ti [http://hwof.com/star/live-theatre/muhammad-ali/2435 nu asli] tanggal 1 Juli 2010.</ref> Béntangna téh mangrupa hiji-hijina nu dipasangkeun dina wangun vertikal, béda jeung nu lianna ku paméntana sabab ngaran Muhammad – hiji ngaran nu sarua jeung nabi Islam – teu meunang ditincekan.<ref>Christian, Margena A. (16 April 2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BjsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA29#v=onepage&q&f=false "''How Do You Really Get A Star On The Hollywood Walk Of Fame?''"]. ''Jet''. Vol.&nbsp;111 no.&nbsp;15. kk.&nbsp;25, 29. Diaksés 12 Oktober 2010 &#x2013; via Google Books.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2LQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52#v=onepage&q&f=false "''A Star for the Greatest''"]. ''Jet''. Vol.&nbsp;101 no.&nbsp;6. 28 Januari 2002. k.&nbsp;52. Diaksés 22 Séptémber 2010 &#x2013; via Google Books.</ref> ''Pangadilan Muhammad Ali'', hiji pilem dokuménter nu disutradaraan ku Bill Siegel nu fokus kana panolakan Ali kana wajib militer nalika Perang Viétnam, dibuka di Manhattan tanggal 23 Agustus 2013.<ref>Rapold, Nicolas (22 Agustus 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/23/movies/trials-of-muhammad-ali-traces-alis-battle-over-vietnam.html "''One of His Biggest Fights Was Outside of the Ring''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 29 Agustus 2016.</ref><ref>"''The Trials of Muhammad Ali''". Kartemquin Educational Films. Diaksés 26 Agustus 2013.</ref> Hiji deui dijieun pikeun pilem TV dijudulan ku ''Muhammad Ali’s Greatest Fight'', ogé di taun 2013, ngadramatisir aspék nu sarua tina kahirupan Ali. Pilem dokuménter ''What's My Name: Muhammad Ali'' dipedalkeun di taun 2019. == Diskographi == * ''I Am the Greatest'' (1963) * ''The Adventures of Ali and His Gang vs. Mr. Tooth Decay'' (1976) == Tempo ogé == Dina en.wikipedia * [[:en:List_of_world_heavyweight_boxing_champions|Daptar juara dunia tinju kelas beurat]] * [[:en:List_of_WBA_world_champions|Daptar juara dunia WBA]] * [[:en:List_of_WBC_world_champions|Daptar juara dunia WBC]] * [[:en:List_of_The_Ring_world_champions|Daptar juara dunia ''The Ring'']] * [[:en:List_of_undisputed_boxing_champions|Daptar juara tinju sajati]] * [[:en:Converts_to_Islam|Asup Islam]] * [[:en:Notable_boxing_families|Kulawarga tinju nu kaceluk]] * [[:en:List_of_people_from_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area|Daptar jalma ti aréa métropolitan Louisville]] * [[:en:List_of_North_American_Muslims|Daptar Muslim Amérika Kalér]] * [[:en:African-American_Muslims|Muslim Amérika-Afrika]] * [[:en:Wells_Fargo#1981_MAPS_Wells_Fargo_embezzlement_scandal|Skandal Panilepan MAPS Wells Fargo 1981]] == Réferénsi == [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1942]] [[Kategori:Olahraga]] rrumxqd0f1izc4elfegkl4wr1ouhryj Pandémi koronavirus 2019 di Britania Raya 0 99416 729247 690131 2026-09-26T19:48:32Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox pandemic | name = Pandémi koronavirus 2019 di [[Britania Raya]] | location = [[Britania Raya]] | deaths = 9,875<!--Please do not update this value with anything other than data from GOV.UK or ArcGIS--><ref name="nb01">Not included in this data is the death of one British citizen on board the [[Diamond Princess (ship)|Diamond Princess]] cruise ship on 28 February – [[2020 coronavirus pandemic on cruise ships|see here]] for more information on this case. Also not included is the death of one British citizen in the [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]] of the [[Cayman Islands]] – [[2020 coronavirus pandemic in the Cayman Islands|see here]] for more information on this case.</ref><ref name=ArcGISUK /> | total_ili = | suspected_cases = | confirmed_cases = 78,991<!--Please do not update this value with anything other than data from GOV.UK or ArcGIS--><ref name=ArcGISUK /> | recovery_cases = 79<ref name=ArcGISUK>{{cite web|url=https://www.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/f94c3c90da5b4e9f9a0b19484dd4bb14|title=Total UK cases COVID-19 Cases Update|website=gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com|publisher=[[Public Health England]]|access-date=2020-05-02|url-status=live}}</ref> | arrival_date = 31 Januari 2020 | origin = [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok]] | first_case = [[York]], [[North Yorkshire]] | virus_strain = [[SARS-CoV-2]] | map1 = COVID-19 outbreak UK case counts.svg | disease = [[COVID-19]] | caption = | image = | legend3 = | map3 = | legend2 = | map2 = | legend1 = | website = [https://www.gov.uk/guidance/coronavirus-covid-19-information-for-the-public 'Coronavirus (COVID-19): latest information and advice' at www.gov.uk]<ref name="nb02">Daily updates occur around 2&nbsp;pm.</ref> }} '''Pandémi koronavirus 2019 di Britania Raya''' mimiti kapanggih di tanggal [[31 Januari]] [[2020]] nalika warga nagara [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok]] mondok di hiji hotél di [[York, Inggris|York]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/04/19/first-case-coronavirus-uk-covid-19-diagnosis-12578061/|title=When was the first case of coronavirus in the UK?|website=Metro|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-02}}</ref> Per tanggal [[2 Méi]] [[2020]], kacatet geus aya 177.454 kasus positip, sarta 27.510 urang anu tilar dunya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/uk/|title=United Kingdom Coronavirus: 177,454 Cases and 27,510 Deaths - Worldometer|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=How many confirmed cases are there in your area?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51768274|newspaper=BBC News|date=2020-05-01|access-date=2020-05-02|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) cases in the UK|website=coronavirus.data.gov.uk|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref> Hal éta anu nyababkeun Inggris jadi nagara kalawan kasus anu tilar dunya panglobana katilu sadunya,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-4997782/kematian-corona-di-inggris-tertinggi-ke-3-dunia-kim-jong-un-diduga-pelesiran|title=Kematian Corona di Inggris Tertinggi ke-3 Dunia, Kim Jong-Un Diduga Pelesiran|last=Christiastuti|first=Novi|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-05-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501183559/https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-4997782/kematian-corona-di-inggris-tertinggi-ke-3-dunia-kim-jong-un-diduga-pelesiran |date=2020-05-01 }}</ref> sarta kadua sa-[[Éropa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1337160/kematian-virus-corona-inggris-tertinggi-kedua-di-eropa|title=Kematian Virus Corona Inggris Tertinggi Kedua di Eropa|last=Saputra|first=Eka Yudha|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-02}}</ref> Lobana kasus virus korona di Inggris ku sabab saeutikna alat tés sarta kakurangan ''alat pelindung diri'' (APD) pikeun tim médis.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1335034/ekonomi-inggris-terpukul-karena-virus-corona|title=Ekonomi Inggris Terpukul karena Virus Corona|last=Sekarwati|first=Suci|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref> == Mimiti == [[File:Cynhadledd i'r Wasg Press Conference 14.05.21.jpg|thumb|left|Pandemi sareng sadaya masalah kaséhatan di [[Wales]] diserahkeun ka [[Pamaréntah Welsh]]]] Mimitina, dua urang warga nagara Tiongkok anu asalna ti [[Kota Wuhan]], Propinsi [[Hubei]] kakonfirmasi positip beunang ieu virus nalika manéhanana ngarasa teu ngareunah awak pas di Kota York, di tanggal [[29 Januari]] 2020.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1101958/cumulative-coronavirus-cases-in-the-uk/|title=Coronavirus cases in the UK 2020|website=Statista|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-02}}</ref> Tuluy di tanggal [[6 Pébruari]], hiji usahawan Inggris di Brighton didiagnosis beunang koronavirus saenggeus ti [[Singapura]].<ref name=":0" /> Di tanggal 5 Maret, hiji wanoja anu positip beunang koronavirus tilar dunya. Ieu mangrupa kasus tilar dunya munggaran di Britania Raya ku sabab virus korona.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/5800241/coronavirus-cases-uk/|title=What to Know About the U.K.'s Growing Coronavirus Outbreak|website=Time|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504175821/https://time.com/5800241/coronavirus-cases-uk/ |date=2020-05-04 }}</ref> == Sumebarna virus == Di tanggal 29 April 2020, kacatet geus aya 26.097 urang anu tilar dunya ku sabab ieu pandémi. Ieu virus geus sumebar di sakabéh région di Britania Raya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1102151/coronavirus-cases-by-region-in-the-uk/|title=UK: coronavirus cases by region|website=Statista|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-02}}</ref> Wliayah anu panglobana beunang ieu virus nyaéta [[London]], kalawan 24.090 kasus.<ref name=":1" /> {| class="wikitable" |+Data jumlah kasus dumasar wewengkon per tanggal 29 April 2020<ref name=":1" /> !Wewengkon !Jumlah kasus !Wewengkon !Jumlah kasus |- |London |24.090 |Inggris Wétan |10.035 |- |Kalér-kulon |18.106 |Yorkshire and the Humber |9.665 |- |Kidul-wétan |16.559 |Wales |9.629 |- |Midlands Kulon |12.593 |Kalér-wétan |7.224 |- |Skotlandia |11.034 |Midlands Wétan |6.530 |- |Kidul-kulon |6.056 |Irlandia Kalér |3.463 |} == Dampak == === Kawijakan ''lockdown'' === Di tanggal 23 Maret 2020, [[Pamaréntah Inggris]] ngalumakukeun kawijakan ''lockdown'' atawa karantina wewengkon salila tilu minggu. Tuluy di tanggal 16 April, pamaréntah ngumumkeun perpanjangan waktu ''lockdown'' salila tilu minggu deui ka hareup, ku sabab sumebarna virus korona anu gancang pisan di Inggris.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20200416205856-134-494346/inggris-perpanjang-lockdown-karena-covid-19-selama-3-minggu|title=Inggris Perpanjang Lockdown karena Covid-19 Selama 3 Minggu|website=internasional|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4229877/lockdown-akibat-corona-covid-19-inggris-bakal-diperpanjang-hingga-tiga-minggu|title=Lockdown Akibat Corona COVID-19 Inggris Bakal Diperpanjang Hingga Tiga Minggu|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2020/04/16/163046470/kasus-covid-19-belum-melambat-inggris-perpanjang-lockdown-3-minggu|title=Kasus Covid-19 Belum Melambat, Inggris Perpanjang Lockdown 3 Minggu Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref> Tapi. di tanggal 1 Méi 2020, [[Perdana Mentri Inggris|Perdana Mentri]] Inggris [[Boris Johnson]] geus siap muka ''lockdown'' minggu hareup, sanajan angka anu tilar dunya ningkat. Manéhna ngaklaim yén puncak kasus virus korona di Inggris geus kaliwatan sarta kondisi nagara geus pulih.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tagar.id/klaim-sudah-pulih-pm-inggris-akan-buka-lockdown|title=Klaim Sudah Pulih, PM Inggris Akan Buka Lockdown|last=News|first=Tagar|website=TAGAR|language=id|accessdate=2020-05-02}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wartaekonomi.co.id/read283766/boris-johnson-nyatakan-siap-buka-lockdown-warga-inggris-malah-ketakutan-keluar-rumah|title=Boris Johnson Nyatakan Siap Buka Lockdown, Warga Inggris Malah Ketakutan Keluar Rumah|website=Warta Ekonomi|language=id|accessdate=2020-05-03}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520004416/https://www.wartaekonomi.co.id/read283766/boris-johnson-nyatakan-siap-buka-lockdown-warga-inggris-malah-ketakutan-keluar-rumah |date=2020-05-20 }}</ref> Tuluy ti tanggal anu sarua, Inggris mimiti ngalogorkeun kawijakan ''lockdown''-na.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/daftar-negara-yang-longgarkan-lockdown-1tKg4QTK15O|title=Daftar Negara yang Longgarkan Lockdown|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref> === Ékonomi === Ku sabab ayana ieu sasalad, laju [[ékonomi]] Inggris nurun, malahan mah kaancam bakal résési.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1335479/virus-corona-di-inggris-memburuk-ekonomi-jadi-terpuruk|title=Virus Corona di Inggris Memburuk Ekonomi Jadi Terpuruk|last=Sekarwati|first=Suci|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Dikira-kira ékonomi Inggris bisa nurun nepi ka 30 persén ku lantaran virus korona.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economy.okezone.com/read/2020/04/14/20/2198830/ekonomi-inggris-bisa-merosot-30-akibat-covid-19|title=Ekonomi Inggris Bisa Merosot 30% akibat Covid-19 : Okezone Economy|last=Okezone|website=https://economy.okezone.com/|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref> === Pajabat anu positip === Pajabat anu beunang ieu sasalad sahenteuna aya tilu, nyaéta [[Putra Makuta]] [[Charles]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/03/26/081328865/pangeran-charles-positif-covid-19-alami-gejala-ringan-dan-isolasi-diri-di|title=Pangeran Charles Positif Covid-19, Alami Gejala Ringan, dan Isolasi Diri di Skotlandia|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref> Perdana Mentri Boris Johnson, sarta [[Mentri Kaséhatan]] [[Nadine Dorries]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2020/03/12/153833370/virus-corona-menkes-inggris-nadine-dorries-sempat-bertemu-perdana-menteri|title=Virus Corona: Menkes Inggris Nadine Dorries Sempat Bertemu Perdana Menteri|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2020/03/27/192530670/selain-pm-inggris-boris-johnson-berikut-daftar-pejabat-negara-di-dunia|title=Selain PM Inggris Boris Johnson, Berikut Daftar Pejabat Negara di Dunia yang Positif Covid-19 Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref> Perdana Mentri Boris Johnson dinyatakeun positip di tangal [[27 Maret]] [[2020]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2020/03/27/184345470/perdana-menteri-inggris-boris-johnson-positif-terjangkit-virus-corona|title=Perdana Menteri Inggris Boris Johnson Positif Terjangkit Virus Corona|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref> tuluy ngalakonan perawatan sarta pulih di tanggal [[26 April]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200427082545-4-154579/boris-johnson-sembuh-dari-corona-inggris-longgarkan-lockdown|title=Boris Johnson Sembuh dari Corona, Inggris Longgarkan Lockdown|last=Arbar|first=Thea Fathanah|website=news|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref> Salila manéhna dirawat, tugasna salaku perdana mentri diwakilan ku Mentri Luar Nagri sakaligus Sékretaris Nagara Dominic Raab.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200426063905-4-154469/pulih-dari-corona-pm-boris-johnson-siap-kerja-senin-besok|title=Pulih dari Corona, PM Boris Johnson Siap Kerja Senin Besok|last=saleh|first=tahir|website=news|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-05-03}}</ref> == Tingali ogé == * [[Pandémi koronavirus 2019]] * [[Pandémi]] * [[COVID-19]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Pandémi]] [[Kategori:Pandémi koronavirus 2019]] itw9r6xaqdd1pmygm5evv83y3jzsux7 Kantor 0 99470 729137 711559 2026-09-26T12:48:43Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729137 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Typicalbusyoffice20050109.jpg|jmpl|Kantor anu teu rapih]] '''Kantor''' (tina [[basa Walanda]] ''kantoor'', manéhna tina [[basa Prancis]] ''comptoir'') nyaéta sesebutan pikeun tempat anu dippaké pikeun niaga ataw [[pausahaan]] anu dijalankeun sacara rutin. Kantor bisa ngan mangrupa sa[[kamar]] atawa sa[[rohangan]] leutik atawa [[wangunan]] tingkat anu jangkung.<ref name=Long>{{cite book|last=Long|first=Kim|pages=[https://archive.org/details/usereffectivebui0000unse/page/14 14]–16|title=User Effective Buildings|url=https://archive.org/details/usereffectivebui0000unse|location=Denver|publisher=Aardex Corporation|year=2004|isbn=0975552406}}</ref> Kantor sok dibagi jadi dua jinis; kantor anu panggedéna jeung pangpentingna biasana dijadikeun '''kantor pusat''', sedengkeun kantor-kantor lianna dingaranan '''kantor cabang'''. ==Gedong kantor== [[File:Salinas Office.jpg|jmpl|Hiji gedung kantor leutik di [[Salinas, California]], [[Amérika Sarikat]]]] [[File:Sears Tower ss.jpg|jmpl|[[Willis Tower]] di [[Chicago]] nyaéta gedong kantor pencakar langit, pangjagkungna ti sagala jinisna di Amérika Sarikat.]] Kantor bisa diwangun ampir di mana baé sarta dina wangunan naon baé, tapi babaraha sarat modéren diperelukeun. Sarat-sarat ieu bisa miboga dasar hukum (misalna, ''tingkat penerangan kudu layak'') atawa téhnis (misalna, ''syarat pikeun jaringan komputer''). Salian ti éta, sarat lianna saperti kaamanan jeung fléksibilitas tataruang (''layout''), ngakibatkeun wangunan-wangunan dijieun husus pikeun pakantoran. Hiji "gedong perkantoran" (''office building'', ogé disebut ''office block'' atawa "business center" mangrupa hiji wangunan komérsial kalawan rohangan-rohangan anu husus didésain pikeun pakantoran. Loba gedong kantor anu boga fasilitas dapur jeung kamar staf, anu mana para pagawé bisa dahar atawa reureuh sakeudeung. Loba rohangan kantor kiwari anu manrupa rohangan ''[[:en:serviced office|serviced office]]'' anu hartina pageusina bisa babagi rohangan jeung fasilitas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.searchofficespace.com/service/office-solutions/serviced-offices/ |title=Serviced Offices, Office Space for Rent |publisher=Search Office Space |date= |accessdate=2011-12-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219012234/http://www.searchofficespace.com/service/office-solutions/serviced-offices/ |archivedate=2013-02-19 }}</ref> == Tingali ogé == * [[Kantor pos]] * [[Gudang]] ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Wangunan]] qm1c1lkyva3cnr8jrjz1ik5p8rin8ij Kapuloan 0 99485 729144 672040 2026-09-26T12:53:55Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Haikal FK 1705|ᮊᮕᮥᮜᮧᮃᮔ᮪}} [[File:MerguiArchipelagoMap.png|jmpl|Kapuloan dina wates Thailand jeung Myanmar anu diwangun ku 800 kelompok pulo]] '''Kapuloan''' nyaéta ranté atanapi kelompok kapuloan [[pulo]], pulo anu diwangun ku [[tektonik]]. Kecap "Kapuloan" asalna tina [[basa Yunani]] ἄρχι- - arkhi- ("sirah") sareng ''πέλαγος'' - pelagos ("laut") anu asalna tina rekonstruksi linguistik Yunani abad pertengahan ''ἀρχιπέλαγος'' tepatna kanggo [[Laut Aegean]] sareng, engké, dina mindahkeun cara pikeun ngarujuk kana Archipelago linguistic Aegean atanapi ngarujuk kana jumlah ageung pulo. Ayeuna ilaharna dianggo anu ngarujuk kana sagolongan pulo anu ageung sapertos sumebar di Laut Aegean.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/archipelago |title=Archipelago |accessdate=2008-10-02 |year=2008 |publisher=Farlex, Inc. 6 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020005412/http://www.thefreedictionary.com/archipelago |archivedate=2006-10-20 }}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kapuloan]] [[Category:Geografi]] pe79ktccca2xl45azo1iwp7t2p1s5od Schlumbergera 0 99582 729288 662262 2026-09-26T22:57:27Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox |image = Cactus de noël rev.jpg |image_caption = Tutuwuhan génus''Schlumbergera'' |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Schlumbergera |authority = [[Lem.]] |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = [[#Species|See text]]. }} '''''Schlumbergera '''''nyaéta ngaran tina génus leutik kaktus anu ngawengku genep spésiés<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:5529-1|title=Schlumbergera Lem. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|website=Plants of the World Online|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> nu kapanggih di pagunungan basisir tenggara [[Brazil]]. Ngaranna dicokot tina ngaran [[Frédéric Schlumberger]], saurang koléktor [[kaktus]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://worldofsucculents.com/?genera=schlumbergera/|title=Schlumbergera|website=World of Succulents|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> Ieu génus boga sababaraha sasaruaan ngaran (sinonim), antarana ''Epiphyllanthus, Opuntiopsis, Zygocactus, Zygocereus,'' jeung ''Epiphyllum.''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Christmas cacti : the genus Schlumbergera and its hybrids|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34559034|publisher=D. Hunt|date=1995|location=Sherborne|isbn=0-9517234-7-2|oclc=34559034|last=McMillan, A. J. S.|last2=Hunt, David R., 1938-|last3=Taylor, Nigel P.}}</ref> ==Rupa-rupa Sesebutan== Ngaran nu umum dipaké pikeun nyebutkeun kaktus jenis ini biasana nandakeun usum mangkak kembangna. Di wewengkon Kalér, umumna mah disebut Kaktus [[Natal]] (''Christmast cactus''), ''Thanksgiving cactus'', kaktus keuyeup (''crab cactus''), jeung kaktus pakasi (''holiday cactus''). Di [[Brasil|Brazil]] mah disebutna Kembang Méi (''Flor de Maio''), nuduhkeun totondén waktu mangkakna kembang di wewengkon Kidul. Kembang anu dijual biasana maké rupa-rupa sebutan. Dina [[basa Inggris]], umumna disebut "''Chrismas cactus''". Di [[Éropa]], nyaéta tempat pikeun budidaya ieu kaktus nu kawilang panggedéna pikeun dijual saméméh Natal. Nu matak, ngaran ieu téh nu pangmindengna dipaké dina rupa-rupa basa pikeun anu ngabudidayakeun rupa-rupa spésiés tina génus ieu. Contona baé di [[Jérman|Jerman]] disebut ''Wihchtskaktus''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diegruenewelt.de/pflanze/items/weihnachtskaktus-schlumbergera.html|title=Weihnachtskaktus (Schlumbergera): Pflege & Vermehrung - Die Grüne Welt|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722133558/http://www.diegruenewelt.de/pflanze/items/weihnachtskaktus-schlumbergera.html|archivedate=2011-07-22}}</ref>, di [[Prancis]] disebut ''cactus de Noél''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aujardin.info/plantes/cactus_noel.php|title=Cactus de Noël|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020326222216/http://www.aujardin.info/plantes/cactus_noel.php|archivedate=2002-03-26}}</ref>, jeung di [[Spanyol]] disebut ''cacto de Navidad''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fichas.infojardin.com/cactus/schlumbergera-truncata-zygocactus-truncatus-santa-teresita.htm|title=Cactus de acción de gracias, Cactus de Navidad, Cactus de pascua, Cacto de Navidad, Santa Teresita - Schlumbergera truncata = Zygocactus truncatus|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328214536/http://fichas.infojardin.com/cactus/schlumbergera-truncata-zygocactus-truncatus-santa-teresita.htm|archivedate=2007-03-28}}</ref>. Di Kanada<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cactus.biology.dal.ca/paulS/christmas/christmas.html|title=RECOGNITION and CULTURE of the HOLIDAY CACTI|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107232711/http://cactus.biology.dal.ca/paulS/christmas/christmas.html|archivedate=2011-11-07}}</ref> jeung [[Amérika Serikat]] mah biasana dibudidaakeun pikeun liburan ''Thanksgiving'', nu matak leuwih mindeng disebut minangka "Thanksgiving cactus". Ari "Christmas cactus" mah ngan ukur dipaké pikeun kelompok kaktus Buckleyi. ==Habitat== [[Gambar:Distribution of Schlumbergera.png|kiri|jmpl|Péta sumebarna Schlumbergera]] Ieu tutuwuhan sipatna [[épifit]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/Schlumbergera|title=Schlumbergera {{!}} Description & Species|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> nyaéta hirup dina tangkal atawa batu dina [[habitat]] anu umumna kaiuhan kalawan gegek sarta wangunna bisa rada béda ti dulurna nu hirup di gurun.<ref name=":0" /> Habitatna ngan aya di [[hutan hujan]] Brazil.<ref name=":1" /> ''Schlumbergera'' ngan kapanggih di pagunungan deukeut [[basisir]] di wewengkon tenggara Brazil, nyaéta di [[Sao Paulo]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Minas Gerais]] jeung [[Espirito Santo]]. Sababaraha tempat anu geus kapanggih ngabentang nepi ka Tropic of Capricorn jauh di lebah kalér, misalna di bagian tropis pangkidulna.<ref name=":1" /> Ieu tutuwuhan hirup dina daratan nu jangkungna 700 meter tina beungeut [[laut]], tapi aya ogé dina 1,780 meter. Iwal ti éta kapanggih bisa hirup dina babatuan di jero leuweung basisir nu lembab.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The cactus family|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44650974|publisher=Timber Press|date=2001|location=Portland, Or.|isbn=0-88192-498-9|oclc=44650974|last=Anderson, Edward F., 1932-2001.}}</ref> ==Morfologi== Spésiés tina génus ''Schlumbergera'' umumna boga dahan anu wangunna siga daun.Sababaraha spésiés tumuwuh kalawan boga [[kembang]] anu panjang.<ref name=":1" /> Dina sawatara spésiés ségmén batangna ipis, tapi aya ogé anu buleud. Perenah kembangna umumna horizontal. Daging buahna lemes atawa keusrak, gumantung spésiésna.<ref name=":1" /> {| |- | [[Gambar:Schlumbergera cultivar stems.jpg|nir|jmpl|300px|Variasi wangun dahan''Schlumbergera'']] | [[Gambar:Schlumbergera cultivars variation.jpg|nir|jmpl|300px|Variasi warna kembang dina grup Truncata modéren]] | [[Gambar:- Schlumbergera trunctata -.jpg|nir|jmpl|300px|''S.'' 'Bristol Queen' tina grup Reginae ]] |} == Spésiés == * ''[[Schlumbergera bridgesii]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagobotanic.org/plantinfo/christmas_cactus|title=Christmas Cactus {{!}} Chicago Botanic Garden|website=www.chicagobotanic.org|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> * ''[[Schlumbergera truncata]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=840|title=Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera) / RHS Gardening|website=www.rhs.org.uk|accessdate=2020-05-29}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513183735/https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=840 |date=2020-05-13 }}</ref> *''[[Schlumbergera rosea]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rhipsalis.com/species/rosea.htm|title=Schlumbergera rosea|website=rhipsalis.com|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> *''[[Schlumbergera kautskyi]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seedlingsandcuttings.eu/index.php/our-products/product/231-schlumbergera-kautskyi-cutting|title=Schlumbergera kautskyi cutting|website=seedlingsandcuttings.eu|accessdate=2020-05-29}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *''[[Schlumbergera microsphaerica]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/CACTI/Family/Cactaceae/2971/Schlumbergera_microsphaerica|title=Schlumbergera microsphaerica|website=www.llifle.com|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> *''[[Schlumbergera opuntioides]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldofsucculents.com/schlumbergera-opuntioides/|title=Schlumbergera opuntioides|website=World of Succulents|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> *''[[Schlumbergera orssichiana]]'' *''[[Schlumbergera russelliana]]'' *''[[Schlumbergera gaertneri]]'' *''[[Schlumbergera lutea]]'' *''[[Schlumbergera rosea]]'' * == Konservasi & Budidaya == Sawatara spésiésna kaancam punah dina daptar beureum IUCN,<ref name=":1" /> antarana ''Schlumbergera microsphaerica<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Schlumbergera microsphaerica|last=Kew)|first=Nigel Taylor (RBG|last2=Assessment)|first2=Daniela Zappi (RBG Kew / Global Cactus|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref>'' jeung ''Schlumbergera opuntioides''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Schlumbergera opuntioides|last=Kew)|first=Nigel Taylor (RBG|last2=Assessment)|first2=Daniela Zappi (RBG Kew / Global Cactus|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref>. Ieu kaktus réa dibudidayakeun pikeun djadikeun hiasan taman, kalawan disimpen dina pot atawa dipelak dina [[taneuh]]. Cara ngipukkeunna bisa ku neukteuk dahanna, tuluy diteundeun dina média pikeun melak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nature-and-garden.com/gardening/schlumbergera.html|title=Schlumbergera, Christmas cactus - caring for this pink-flowering succulent|website=Nature and garden|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> Minangka pepelakan pikeun hiasan di imah, budidaya Schlumbergera kawilang gampang. Sababaraha hal anu disarankeun pikeun ngabudidayakeun ieu tutuwuhan di antarana<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Christmas cacti : the genus Schlumbergera and its hybrids|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34559034|publisher=D. Hunt|date=1995|location=Sherborne|isbn=0-9517234-7-2|oclc=34559034|last=McMillan, A. J. S.|last2=Hunt, David R., 1938-|last3=Taylor, Nigel P.}}</ref>: * ''Média melak'': kudu garing, beunghar humus, campuran dangdaunan nu geus buruk, jeung keusik. Disarankeun melakna dina pot leutik.<ref name=":3" /> * ''Nyébor'': Ieu tutuwuhan leuwih toléran tina kakeueum ti batan tutuwuhan imah séjénna, tapi bisa ogé ruksak upama kurang atawa leuwih teuing nyéborna. Média pikeun melakna cukup sina lembab baé.<ref name=":3" /> * ''Cahya'': Ieu tutuwuhan bisa ruksak upama kapoé teuing, nu ngajadikeun warnana semu beureum. Tapi, lamun kurang kapoé bakal hésé kembangan.<ref name=":3" /> == Hama jeung Panyakit == Dina usaha budidaya, ieu tutuwuhan kawilang bébas tina hama jeung panyakit.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Christmas cacti : the genus Schlumbergera and its hybrids|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34559034|publisher=D. Hunt|date=1995|location=Sherborne|isbn=0-9517234-7-2|oclc=34559034|last=McMillan, A. J. S.|last2=Hunt, David R., 1938-|last3=Taylor, Nigel P.}}</ref> Sanajan kitu, aya hama kutu nu nyerang sirung ngora, jeung kembang.<ref name=":2" /> Dina akarna kapanggih ogé [[kutu]] anu nyerang dina jero taneuh.<ref name=":2" /> Tangkal jeung akar bisa buruk lantaran panyakit atawa jamur jeung sarupaning nu kitu. Pikeun ngungkulanana bisa dibéré obat kimia anu merenah.<ref name=":2" /> == Rujukan == {{Reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Schlumbergera]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Amérika]] syh7ly78ti9h0omobxyypwveduhtpss Pandémi koronavirus 2019 di Arab Saudi 0 99617 729246 678052 2026-09-26T19:46:40Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pandemic | name = COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia | map1 = File:Number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia by region as of 27th May 2020.png | legend1 = Jumlah kasus kakonfirmasi di Arab Saudi dumasar wewengkon per 27 Méi 2020 | image_size1 = 250px | map2 = | legend2 = | map3 = | legend3 = | disease = [[COVID-19]] | virus_strain = [[SARS-CoV-2]] | location = [[Arab Saudi]] | first_case = [[Qatif]], [[Propinsi Wétan, Arab Saudi|Propinsi Wétan]] | arrival_date = 2 Maret 2020 | origin = [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok]] | recovery_cases = 341.515<ref name="dpc">{{Cite web | url=https://covid19.cdc.gov.sa/daily-updates/ | title=(Covid-19) Disease Interactive Dashboard | access-date=2020-06-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429210732/https://covid19.cdc.gov.sa/daily-updates/ | archive-date=2020-04-29 | url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429210732/https://covid19.cdc.gov.sa/daily-updates/ |date=2020-04-29 }}</ref> | deaths = 5.710<ref name="dpc"/> | confirmed_cases = 354.208<ref name="dpc"/> | suspected_cases = | total_ili = | website = {{URL|https://covid19.cdc.gov.sa/|www.covid19.cdc.gov.sa}} }} '''Pandémi koronavirus 2019 di Arab Saudi''' mimiti kapanggih di tanggal [[2 Maret]] [[2020]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4192409/kasus-virus-corona-pertama-dikonfirmasi-di-arab-saudi|title=Kasus Virus Corona Pertama Dikonfirmasi di Arab Saudi|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-04}}</ref> Tuluy di tanggal 24 Maret, [[Saudi Arabia|Arab Saudi]] ngumumkeun kasus tilar dunya anu munggaran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2020/03/24/221622070/arab-saudi-umumkan-kematian-pertama-akibat-virus-corona|title=Arab Saudi Umumkan Kematian Pertama akibat Virus Corona|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-4952281/arab-saudi-laporkan-kematian-pertama-karena-corona-205-kasus-baru-sehari|title=Arab Saudi Laporkan Kematian Pertama karena Corona, 205 Kasus Baru Sehari|last=Hutapea|first=Rita Uli|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-06-04}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605000612/https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-4952281/arab-saudi-laporkan-kematian-pertama-karena-corona-205-kasus-baru-sehari |date=2020-06-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20200325033429-120-486685/arab-saudi-laporkan-kematian-pertama-akibat-corona|title=Arab Saudi Laporkan Kematian Pertama akibat Corona|website=internasional|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-06-04}}</ref> Per tanggal [[19 Nopémber]] 2020, kacatet geus aya 354.208 kasus positip, 5.710 urang anu tiwas, sarta 341.515 urang anu geus cageur.<ref name="dpc"/> == Mimiti == Kasus munggaran kapanggih di Qatif, nalika hiji warga Arab Saudi anu datang ti [[Iran]] liwat [[Bahrain]], dinyatakeun positip beunang virus korona.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suara.com/news/2020/03/03/074007/arab-saudi-umumkan-kasus-pertama-virus-corona|title=Arab Saudi Umumkan Kasus Pertama Virus Corona|website=suara.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-04}}</ref> Ieu kasus kajadian babaraha poé saenggeus Arab Saudi ngalarang palaksanaan [[umroh]] pikeun nyegah sumebarna virus korona.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Arab Saudi laporkan kasus pertama saat wabah virus corona mencapai 'tahap baru'|url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-51715962|newspaper=BBC News Indonesia|date=2020-03-03|access-date=2020-06-04|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1327710/arab-saudi-berlakukan-larangan-umrah-hingga-13-maret-2020|title=Arab Saudi berlakukan larangan umrah hingga 13 Maret 2020|last=antaranews.com|website=Antara News|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref> Jalma-jalma anu kungsi nepungan anu kainféksi éta langsung diisolasi sarta dités.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/update-corona-arab-saudi-umumkan-kasus-pertama-covid-19-hari-ini-eCA2|title=Update Corona: Arab Saudi Umumkan Kasus Pertama COVID-19 Hari Ini|website=tirto.id|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-04}}</ref> == Sumebarna virus == Virus korona geus nyebar di sakabéh propinsi di Arab Saudi, kalawan kasus panglobana aya di [[Mekah]], nyaéta nepi ka 35.257 kasus positip.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://coronamap.sa/|title=المركز الوطني للمعلومات الصحية - خريطة انتشار كورونا|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-06-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320185730/https://coronamap.sa/|archivedate=2020-03-20}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Jumlah kasus virus korona dumasar propinsi per 4 Juni 2020<ref name=":0" /> !Propinsi !Kasus positip !Kasus cageur !Kasus tiwas !Propinsi !Kasus positip !Kasus cageur !Kasus tiwas |- |Mekah |35.257 |26.389 |455 |Propinsi 'Asir |861 |651 |3 |- |Propinsi Riyadh |24.552 |17.162 |45 |Propinsi Ha'il |399 |223 | - |- |Syarqiyah |17.741 |12.543 |36 |Propinsi Najran |258 |106 | - |- |Propinsi Madinah |10.486 |9.316 |57 |Hudud ash Shamaliyah |235 |219 |1 |- |Propinsi Jizan |1.116 |926 |5 |Baha |196 |143 | - |- |Qasim |1.017 |466 |6 |Jawf |103 |97 | - |- |Propinsi Tabuk |942 |724 |5 | | | | |} == Dampak == === Larangan umrah === Per tanggal [[27 Pébruari]] 2020, Pamaréntah Arab Saudi ngalarang saheulaanan kagiatan ibadah umroh pikeun warga nagara asing. Salian ti éta Arab Saudi ogé ngalarang saheulaanan aksés warga nagara asing ka Kawasan [[Masjid Nabawi]] di [[Madinah]]. Ieu kawijakan téh dilumakukeun sangkan nyegah sumebarna virus korona ti nagara luar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/keterangan-lengkap-pemerintah-arab-saudi-terkait-larangan-umrah-eBC4|title=Keterangan Lengkap Pemerintah Arab Saudi Terkait Larangan Umrah|website=tirto.id|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200227110729-4-140782/simak-ini-pernyataan-lengkap-larangan-umroh-dari-arab-saudi|title=Simak! Ini Pernyataan Lengkap Larangan Umroh dari Arab Saudi|last=Arbar|first=Thea Fathanah|website=news|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref> Di tanggal 4 Maret, kawijakan ieu ogé lumaku pikeun warga Arab Saudi kaasup ogé kulawarga karajaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://katadata.co.id/berita/2020/03/05/khawatir-corona-arab-saudi-perluas-larangan-umrah|title=Khawatir Corona, Arab Saudi Perluas Larangan Umrah - Katadata.co.id|website=katadata.co.id|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2020/03/04/205014570/karena-virus-corona-arab-saudi-larang-warganya-umrah|title=Karena Virus Corona, Arab Saudi Larang Warganya Umrah|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref> === Ékonomi === Ku sabab ayana ieu sasalad, [[ékonomi Arab Saudi]] beunang dampakna. Pamasukan tina [[umroh]] nurun ku sabab palaksanaanna disetop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1315817/setop-umrah-karena-corona-ekonomi-arab-saudi-akan-berat|title=Setop Umrah karena Corona, Ekonomi Arab Saudi Akan Berat|last=Tri|first=Rahma|website=Tempo|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref> Salian ti éta, harga minyak dunya anu turun nyababkeun ékonomi Arab Saudi kontraksi -3,2 persén.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Seberapa parah krisis di Arab Saudi?|url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-52644985|newspaper=BBC News Indonesia|date=2020-05-13|access-date=2020-06-05|language=id|first=Frank|last=Gardner}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/05/06/140922126/dampak-corona-dan-harga-minyak-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-arab-saudi-minus-32-persen|title=Dampak Corona dan Harga Minyak, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Arab Saudi Minus 3,2 Persen Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref> KU kituna, Pamaréntah Arab Saudi naékkeun pajak pertambahan nilai (PPN) ti anu asalna 5 persén jadi 15 persén, sarta nunda tunjangan biaya hirup per 1 Juni 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/05/11/171100226/ekonomi-terpukul-virus-corona-arab-saudi-naikkan-pajak|title=Ekonomi Terpukul Virus Corona, Arab Saudi Naikkan Pajak Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://akurat.co/ekonomi/id-1116244-read-atasi-ekonomi-yang-terpukul-arab-saudi-naikkan-pajak-3-kali-lipat|title=Atasi Ekonomi yang Terpukul, Arab Saudi Naikkan Pajak 3 Kali Lipat|last=MEDIA|first=PT AKURAT SENTRA|last2=www.akurat.co|website=akurat.co|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605005108/https://akurat.co/ekonomi/id-1116244-read-atasi-ekonomi-yang-terpukul-arab-saudi-naikkan-pajak-3-kali-lipat |date=2020-06-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200511164850-8-157668/pemasukan-negara-jeblokarab-saudi-naikkan-pajak-3-kali-lipat|title=Pemasukan Negara Jeblok,Arab Saudi Naikkan Pajak 3 Kali Lipat|last=TV|first=CNBC Indonesia|website=news|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kompas.id/baca/internasional/2020/05/11/demi-penghematan-arab-saudi-naikkan-pajak-dan-tunda-bantuan-uang-tunai/|title=Demi Penghematan, Arab Saudi Naikkan Pajak dan Tunda Bantuan Uang Tunai|website=Kompas.id|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ddtc.co.id/dampak-corona-arab-saudi-naikkan-tarif-ppn-hingga-3-kali-lipat-20840|title=Dampak Corona, Arab Saudi Naikkan Tarif PPN Hingga 3 Kali Lipat|last=DDTCNews|website=Dampak Corona, Arab Saudi Naikkan Tarif PPN Hingga 3 Kali Lipat|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suara.com/news/2020/05/11/162041/harga-minyak-turun-arab-saudi-naikkan-pajak-pertambahan-nilai-3-kali-lipat|title=Harga Minyak Turun, Arab Saudi Naikkan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai 3 Kali Lipat|website=suara.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-05}}</ref> == Tingali ogé == * [[Pandémi]] * [[Pandémi koronavirus 2019]] * [[COVID-19]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Pandémi]] [[Kategori:Pandémi koronavirus 2019]] qasgl36g1uhxb1t3mg1wc79fp3ttiuy Karbamazepin 0 99676 729164 710982 2026-09-26T12:59:20Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Penyangkalan-medis}} {{Infobox drug | verifiedrevid=451682337 | IUPAC_name=5''H''-dibenzo[''b'',''f'']azepine-5-carboxamide | image=Carbamazepine.svg | width = 175 | image2=Carbamazepine 3D.png | width2 = 175 <!--Clinical data--> | class = [[Anticonvulsant]] | tradename = Tegretol, Temporol, Neurotol, others | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|carbamazepine}} | MedlinePlus = a682237 | DailyMedID = Carbamazepine | pregnancy_AU = D | pregnancy_US = D | legal_AU = S4 | legal_CA = Rx | legal_UK = POM | legal_US = Rx | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = Ngaliwatan baham <!--Pharmacokinetic data--> |bioavailability=~100% |protein_bound=70-80% |metabolism=[[Liver|Hepatic]]—by [[CYP3A4]], pikeun ngaktifkeun [[epoxide]] bentuk (carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide) |elimination_half-life=36 jam (dosis tunggal), 16-24 jam (dosis nu diulang) |excretion=Urin (72%), fésés (28%) <!--Identifiers--> | IUPHAR_ligand = 5339 |CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |CAS_number=298-46-4 |CAS_supplemental={{CAS|85756-57-6}} |ATC_prefix=N03 |ATC_suffix=AF01 |ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |ChEBI=3387 |PubChem=2554 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |DrugBank=DB00564 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |ChemSpiderID=2457 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |UNII=33CM23913M | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |KEGG=D00252 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |ChEMBL=108 <!--Chemical data--> |C=15 |H=12 |N=2 |O=1 |molecular_weight=236.269&nbsp;g/mol |smiles=c1ccc2c(c1)C=Cc3ccccc3N2C(=O)N | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |StdInChI=1S/C15H12N2O/c16-15(18)17-13-7-3-1-5-11(13)9-10-12-6-2-4-8-14(12)17/h1-10H,(H2,16,18) | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |StdInChIKey=FFGPTBGBLSHEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N }} '''Karbamazepin''' atawa nu dipiwanoh salaku Tegretol nyaéta ubar antikolvusan jeung [[ubar analgesik]] nu dipaké pikeun ngungkulan kejang<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00564|title=Carbamazepine|website=www.drugbank.ca|accessdate=2020-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713143704/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00564|archivedate=2020-07-13}}</ref> jeung ngubaran nyeri nu diakibatkeun ku gangguan [[saraf neuralgia trigeminal]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/carbamazepine.html|title=Carbamazepine Uses, Dosage & Side Effects|website=Drugs.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-12}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.alodokter.com/carbamazepine|title=Carbamazepine|website=Alodokter|accessdate=2020-06-12}}</ref> Munggaran disatujuan ku FDA dina taun [[1955]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682237.html|title=Carbamazepine: MedlinePlus Drug Information|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> == Kagunaan == Karbamazepin nyaéta ubar antikonvulsan nu miboga kagunaan pikeun ngungkulan sababaraha jinis panyakit kayaning kejang atawa [[épilépsi]], nyeri kusabab neuralgia trigeminal, sarta biasa dipake pikeun ngendalikeun gejala [[Gangguan bipolar|bipolar]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://farmasetika.com/2019/12/05/inovasi-rute-pemberian-karbamazepin-untuk-kejang-epilepsi/|title=Inovasi Rute Pemberian Karbamazepin untuk Kejang Epilepsi|website=Info Farmasi Terkini Berbasis Ilmiah dan Praktis|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-06-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607044656/https://farmasetika.com/2019/12/05/inovasi-rute-pemberian-karbamazepin-untuk-kejang-epilepsi/|archivedate=2020-06-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reference.medscape.com/drug/tegretol-xr-equetro-carbamazepine-343005#3|title=Tegretol, Equetro (carbamazepine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more|website=reference.medscape.com|accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> Karbamazepin téh antikolvusan munggaran nu dipaké pikeun ngungkulan jalma nu miboga gejala bipolar.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> == Cara gawé == Karbamazepin gawé kucara ngastabilkeun aliran impuls [[saraf]],<ref name=":1" />ngurangan panyebaran aktivitas kejang di [[Uteuk|otak]] sarta mulihkeun sacara normal aktivitas saraf.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sehatq.com/obat/carbamazepine|title=Carbamazepine {{!}} Fungsi, Cara Pemakaian, Dosis, Efek Samping|website=SehatQ|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613181049/https://www.sehatq.com/obat/carbamazepine|archivedate=2020-06-13}}</ref> Karbamazepin jadi ubar lini kahiji pikeun ngubaran épilépsi. Karbamazepin gawé kucara ngablokir asupna ion [[Natrium]] (Na+) kana ''voltage-gated sodium channel'' atawa biasa disebut ''sodium channel blockers''. Ilaharna, kaayaan intrasél téh sifatna negatif (-) sedengkan kaayaan extrasel sifatna positif (+), asupna ion Na+ nyababkeun intrasel jadi sifat positif (+) jeung nyababkeun sél aktif, kajadian ieu biasa disebut ku depolarisasi. Nu tuluy sél bakal istirahat kucara aksi repolarisasi. Panghambatan dicokotna Na+ ku karbamazepin nyegah lumangsungna depolarisasinu tuluy aktivitas listrik dina saraf otak bisa kakontrol.<ref name=":3" /> == Cara maké == Cara maké karbamazepin ieu kudu saluyu jeung anjuran [[dokter]] atawa [[apotéker]]. Konsumsi karbamazepin ieu sacara taratur, diwanci nu saru unggal poéna.<ref name=":4" /> Pikeun nginum ubar ieu alusna mah diinum babarengan jeung kadaharan séjénna pikeun ngurangan résiko sebel jeung utah, teureuy tablét atawa kapsul, ulah dibubukkeun, atawa digayem.<ref name=":1" /> Sadengkeun tablét nu digayem, kudu digayem heula saméméh diteureuy. Kocok suspensi ''oral'' (cairan) saacan anjeun ngukur dosis, paké takeran nu geus disadiakeun, boh séndok ukur atawa pipét. isa jadi ubar ieu bakal karasa éfékna dina opat minggu saacan gejala ngurangan. Tuluykeun nginum ubar ieu saluyu jeung patunjuk dokter, ulah ngaeureunkeun nginum ubar ieu mun lain paréntah dokter, dieureunkeunna ngonsumsi ubar ieu bisa nyababkeun ningkatna kejang. <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> == Métabolisme == Karbamazepin sabagéan gedé dmétabolisme dihati besar dimetabolisme dihaté. Énzim haté CYP3A4 nyaéta énzim utama nu ngamétabolisme karbamazepin jadi metabolit aktifna, karbamazepin-10,11-epoksida, nu tuluy dimétabolisme jadi bentuk trans-diol ku énzim epoksida hidrolase. [[Énzim sitokrom]] haté lianna nu miboga kontribusi dina métabolisme karbamazepin nyaéta CYP2C8, CYP3A5, jeung CYP2B6. Karbamazepin ogé ngalaman glukuronidasi hepatik ku énzim UGT2B7 jeung sababaraha réaksi métabolik lianna nu lumangsung, ngahasilkeun pambentukan métabolit hidroksi minor jeung metabolit kuinon. Alusna, karbamazepin ngainduksi métabolismena sorangan. paningkatan pambersihan, pangurangan waktu paruh, jeung pangurangan kadar serum karbamazepin.<ref name=":0" /> == Ngaran lian == === Ngaran lian karbamazepin === Ieu di handap ngaran lian tina karbamazepin nyaéta:<ref name=":0" /> * Carbamazepen * Carbamazepin * Carbamazepina * Carbamazépine * Carbamazepine * Carbamazepinum * CBZ === Ngaran dagang === Ieu di handap sababaraha ngaran dagang karbamazepin:<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> * Tegretol, * Carbamazepine, * Bamgetol 200 * Carbatrol, * Epitol, * Equetro, * Tegretol XR == Hal nu kudu diperhatikeun == * Anjeun teu meunang ngonsumsi karbamazepin mun miboga riwayat penekanan [[sumsum tulang]], sarta miboga alérgi, atawa nginum antidéprésan kayaning [[amitriptilin]], [[desipramine]], [[doxepin]], [[imipramine]], atawa [[nortriptyline]].<ref name=":4" /> * Karbamazepin bisa nyababkeun réaksi fatal dina [[kulit]], kayaning sindrom ''Stevens-Johnson'' jeung ''toxic epidermal necrolysis'' (TEN).<ref name=":1" /> * Karbamazepin bisa nyababkeun [[anémia aplastik]] jeung [[agranulositosis]]. Résiko ieu ningkat ka pasén nu pernah nginum karbamazepin sarta ngalaman éfék samping mangrupa gangguan dina [[getih]].<ref name=":1" /> * Ngonsumsi karbamezapin bisa nyieun kulit pasén leuwih sénsitif kana cahaya [[panonpoé]], ku kituna ulah poho maké krim anti panon paoé sarta pakéan nu nutupan awak mun iinditan. <ref name=":4" /> * Jéntrékeun ka dokter mun anjeun miboga panyakit konéng atawa [[hépatitis]], [[panyakit jantung]], [[panyakit ginjal]], [[glaukoma]], [[porfiria]], sarta kadar natrium leutik.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> * Jéntrékeun ka dokter mun anjeun keur ngajalanan pangobatan ku ubar antivirus.<ref name=":4" /> * Ulah nyupiran atawa ngoprasikeun alat beurat mun keur nginum karbamazepin, kusabab ubar ieu nyababkeun tunduh.<ref name=":4" /> * Ingkahan [[alkohol]] mun anjeun keur ngonsumsi ubar ieu.<ref name=":4" /> * Lamun anjeun keur hamil, béré nyaho dokter, kusabab ubar ieu kaasup kana résiko kahamilan katégori D numutkeun U''S Food and Drugs Administration'' (FDA)<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> * Ulah maké karbamazepin mun anjeun geus maké inhibitor MAO dina waktu 14 poé terakhir. Interaksi ubar nu bahaya bisa lumangsung. Inhibitor MAO kaasup ''[[furazolidone]], [[isocarboxazid]], [[linezolid]], [[phenelzine]], [[rasagiline]], [[selegiline]],'' jeung ''[[tranylcypromine]]''.<ref name=":4" /> == Interaksi Karbamazepin == Ieu di handap sababraha interaksi karbamazepin jeung ubar séjén: * Ningkatna kadar karbamazepin dina getih mun dipaké babarengan jeung [[cimetidine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/carbamazepine-with-cimetidine-497-0-669-0.html|title=Carbamazepine and cimetidine Drug Interactions|website=Drugs.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> * Nurunna kadar karbamazepin dina getih mun diinum babarengna jeung [[cisplatin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/carbamazepine-with-cisplatin-497-0-678-0.html|title=Carbamazepine and cisplatin Drug Interactions|website=Drugs.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> * Ngurangan éféktivitas aripiprazole jeung pél KB.<ref name=":1" /> * Ningkatna résiko inféksi nu bahaya mun diinum jeung [[cladribine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/carbamazepine-with-cladribine-497-0-684-0.html|title=Carbamazepine and cladribine Drug Interactions|website=Drugs.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> * Éfék racun tina karbamazepin bisa ningkat mun dipaké babarengan jeung [[lithium]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/carbamazepine-with-lithium-497-0-1477-0.html|title=Carbamazepine and lithium Drug Interactions|website=Drugs.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> * Kusabab éfékna kana sistem saraf pusat, pamakéan [[buprenorfin]] babarengan jeung karbamazepin bisa nyababkeun éfék samping nu leuwih serius, kayaning gangguan rénghap, koma, atawa bisa jadi leungitna pati. Salian ti éta pamakéa karbamazepin ogé ngurangan kadar buprenorfin dina getih.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/buprenorphine-with-carbamazepine-438-0-497-0.html|title=Buprenorphine and carbamazepine Drug Interactions|website=Drugs.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> * Ningkatna résiko hiponatremia, mun dipake babarengan jeung diuretik.<ref name=":1" /> == Éfék samping == Éfék samping mangrupa hiji éfék nu teu dipiharep tina ubar. Éfék samping ieu bisa mangrupa-rupa di sababaraha jalma gumantung kana kaayaan panyakit, umur, beurat awak, jinis kelamin, étnis, jeung sababaraha kaayaan kaséhatan lianna. Ieu di handap sababaraha éfék samping nu bisa karasa sanggeus nginum karbamazepin:<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/sfx/carbamazepine-side-effects.html|title=Carbamazepine Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term|website=Drugs.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> * Tunduh *[[Ataksia]] * Lieur * Sebel, utah *[[Biwir]] garing * Gagal haté *[[Sindrom Stevens-Johnson]] *[[Serangan jantung]] *[[Diaré]] * Gangguan saré atawa [[insomnia]] * Awak lalungsé * Ruam sarta arateul dina [[kulit]] == Tutumbu kaluar == * [https://www.drugs.com/sfx/carbamazepine-side-effects.html Éfék samping Karbamazepin] * [https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/carbamazepine.html Interaksi Karbamazepin] == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Ubar]] bcz7kccq7yylh09bg685jdkh0rdansh Niklosamid 0 99685 729237 710995 2026-09-26T18:49:16Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Penyangkalan-medis}} {{Drugbox|Verifiedfields=changed|Cl=2|KEGG_Ref={{keggcite|correct|kegg}}|KEGG=D00436|ChEMBL_Ref={{ebicite|correct|EBI}}|ChEMBL=1448|ChEBI=7553 <!--Chemical data-->|IUPAC_name=5-Chloro-''N''-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide|C=13|H=8|N=2|UNII_Ref={{fdacite|correct|FDA}}|O=4|molecular_weight=327.119 g/mol|smiles=Clc2cc(ccc2NC(=O)c1cc(Cl)ccc1O)[N+]([O-])=O|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChI=1S/C13H8Cl2N2O4/c14-7-1-4-12(18)9(5-7)13(19)16-11-3-2-8(17(20)21)6-10(11)15/h1-6,18H,(H,16,19)|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=RJMUSRYZPJIFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N|melting_point=225|UNII=8KK8CQ2K8G|ChemSpiderID=4322|Watchedfields=changed|ATC_suffix=DA01|verifiedrevid=462260260|image=Niclosamide.svg <!--Clinical data-->|tradename=Niclocide, Fenasal, Phenasal, others<ref name="pubchem">{{PubChem|4477}}</ref>|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|CONS|niclosamide}}|pregnancy_category= Katégori B|legal_status=|routes_of_administration=Ngaliwatan baham|ATC_prefix=P02|ATC_supplemental={{ATCvet|P52|AG03}} <!--Pharmacokinetic data-->|ChemSpiderID_Ref={{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|bioavailability=|metabolism=|elimination_half-life=|excretion= urin<!--Identifiers-->|CAS_number_Ref={{cascite|changed|??}}|CAS_number=50-65-7|PubChem=4477|DrugBank_Ref={{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}|DrugBank=DB06803|melting_high=230}} '''Niklosamid''' nu miboga ngaran dagang '''Nicloside'''<ref name=":0" /> nyaéta ubar umum nu dipaké pikeun ngungkulan inféksi nu disababkeun ku cacing, Niklosamid kaasup kana jinis anthelmintik.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/cons/niclosamide.html|title=Niclosamide Advanced Patient Information|website=Drugs.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-15}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06803|title=Niclosamide|website=www.drugbank.ca|accessdate=2020-06-15}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202406.html|title=MedlinePlus Drug Information: Niclosamide (Oral)|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216072757/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202406.html|archivedate=2006-12-16}}</ref> Ubar ieu kapanggih di taun 1958.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=3rd ed|title=Encyclopedia of parasitology|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/233974520|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-540-48996-2|oclc=233974520|last=Mehlhorn, Heinz.|last2=Aspöck, Horst.}}</ref> == Kagunaan == Niklosamide nu kaasup kana jinis ubar anthelmintik ieu dipaké pikeun ngubaran inféksi nu disababkeun ku sababaraha jinis [[cacing pita]], kayaning cacing kerdil (''H. nana''), nepi ka cacing pita ynu aya dina daging (''T. saginata'', ''T. solium'', dan ''D. latum''),<ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alodokter.com/obat-cacing-dan-efek-sampingnya|title=Obat Cacing dan Efek Sampingnya|website=Alodokter|accessdate=2020-06-16}}</ref> cacing pita lauk, cacing pita dwarf, jeung cacing pita sapi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sehatq.com/obat/niclosamide|title=Niclosamide {{!}} Fungsi, Cara Pemakaian, Dosis, Efek Samping|website=SehatQ|language=id|accessdate=2020-06-15}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018020816/https://www.sehatq.com/obat/niclosamide |date=2021-10-18 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4477|title=Niclosamide|last=PubChem|website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-15}}</ref> Numutkeun hiji artikel ti ''Cellular Signalling'', ubar niklosamid aya kamungkinan miboga poténsi pikeun ngungkulan panyakit séjén kayaning.sababaraha [[panyakit kanker]], inféksi bakteri jeung virus, diabetes tipe 2, nepi ka ''[[rheumatoid arthritis]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://hellosehat.com/obatan-suplemen/obat/niclosamide/|title=Niclosamide : Fungsi, Dosis, Efek Samping, Cara Pakai|website=Hello Sehat|language=id-ID|accessdate=2020-06-15}}</ref> Ubar cacing ieu teu réaksi jeung inféksi cacing tipe lianna, kayaning [[cacing kremi]] atawa [[Annelida|cacing gelang]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chen|first=Wei|last2=Mook|first2=Robert A.|last3=Premont|first3=Richard T.|last4=Wang|first4=Jiangbo|date=2018-1|title=Niclosamide: Beyond an antihelminthic drug|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628105/|journal=Cellular Signalling|volume=41|pages=89–96|doi=10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.001|issn=0898-6568|pmc=5628105|pmid=28389414}}</ref> == Cara gawé == Niklosamid gawé kucara maéhan cacing pita dina jero awak, cacing pita dewasa (lain endogna) biasana gancang dipaéhan, kusabab leupasna fosforilasi oksidatif atawa stimulasi aktivitas ATPase. Cacing-cacing nu geus dipaéhan ieu tuluy dikaluarkeun ngaliwatan [[tinja]] atawa kadang diancurkeun di usus. Niklosamid bisa gawé salaku moluskisida ku cara ngiket jeung ngarusak [[DNA]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Cara maké == Pikeun maké bar ieu, saluyu jeung anjuran dokter atawa apoteker. Ieu di handap sababaraha cara pikeun nginum ieu ubar:<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/niclosamide-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20065068|title=Niclosamide (Oral Route) Proper Use - Mayo Clinic|website=www.mayoclinic.org|accessdate=2020-06-16}}</ref> * Niklosamid bisa diinum sajam atawa dua jam snggeus dahar. Masingkeun kitu, pikeun ngurangan résiko [[nyeri beuteung]], ubar ieu alusna mah diinum sanggeus dahar * Tablet niklosamid kudu digayem nepi ka bener-bener ancur, tuluy diteureuy maké cai. * Saacan méré ubar ieu ka budak leutik, ancurkeun hehula tablét ubar ieu nepi ka lemes, tuluy campurkeun jeung cai saeutik. * Pikeun ngungkulan cacing pita tina daging sapi, atawa tina lauk, pastikeun nginumna saluyu jeung nu diisntruksikeun ku dokter, sok sanajan pikeun sababaraha jalma dosis tunggal bisa ngungkulan inféksi ieu, tapi aya dina sababaraha kasus, dosisi tambahan bisa ogé diperlukeun. * Pikeun ngungkulan inféksi cacing pita dwarf, pastikeun anjeun nginum ubar ieu salila tujuh poé nepi ka perawatanna bener-bener anggeus. Mun anjeun eureun wanci keur nginum ubar ieu, résiko katarajang ku ieu cacing beuki gedé. == Cara nyimpen == Pikeun nyimpen ubar Niklosamid ieu, simpen di wadah nu katutup, dina suhu kamar, jauh ti panas, lembab, sarta [[panonpoé]] langsung., ulah disimpen dikamar mandi. Jauhkeun tina titik beku sarta ti budak leutik.<ref name=":0" /> Ulah nyimpen ubar nu geus heubeul atawa geus teu diperlukeun deui. Mun anjeun geus teu maké ubar ieu atawa mun geus kadaluwarsa, piceun ubar ieu saluyu jeung aturanna. Salah sahijina ulah nyampurkeun ubar ieu jeung runtah biasa, ulah ogé miceun ubar ieu ka jajalaneu cai kayaning jamban. Tanyakeun ka [[apotéker]] atawa dinas nu aya patalina pikeun ngungkulan limbah médis.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202406.html|title=MedlinePlus Drug Information: Niclosamide (Oral)|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-06-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216072757/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202406.html|archivedate=2006-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-63850/niclosamide-oral/details|title=Drugs & Medications|website=www.webmd.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-06-16}}</ref> == Hal nu kudu diperhatikeun == Saacan nginum ubar niklosamid aya sababaraha hal nu kudu diperhatikeun, kayanging:<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> * Jéntrékeun ka [[dokter]] atawa apotéker mun anjeun miboga alérgi ka ubar niklosamid atawa ubar séjénna. * Jéntrékeun ka dokter atawa apotéker mun anjeun keur nginum ubar séjén, boh resép ti dokter tawa lain kaasup [[vitamin]]. * Jéntrékeun ka dokter atawa apotéker mun anjeun anjeun keur kakandungan, miboga rencana keur hamil atawa keur nyusuan. Salian ti hal nu di luhur geus dijéntrékeun, ubar ieu kaasup ka résiko kahamilan katégori B numutkeun ''US Food and Drugs Administration'' (FDA). Ieu di handap référénsi katégori kahamilan numutkeun FDA: * A= Teu miboga résiko, * B=Teu miboga résiko dina sababaraha panalungtikan, * C=Kamungkinan miboga résiko, * D=Aya bukti positif tina résiko, * X=Kontraindikasi, * N=Teu dipikanyaho == Interaksi Niklosamid == Interaksi ubar bisa ngarobah gawé niklosamid, atawa bisa ningkatkeun tingkat résiko éfék samping nu leuwih serius. Simpen daftar sakabeh produk ubar nu dipaké ku anjeun (kaasup ubar resép atawa lain, sarta produk herbal), jeung utamana ulah poho konsultasikeun ka dokter saacan anjeun nginum ubar ieu. Ulah maké sarta ngeuruenkeun, atawa ngaganti dosis dokter saacan meunang persetujuan dokter. <ref name=":3" /> Salian ti ubar, kadaharan ogé bisa nyababkeun interaksi jeung niklosamid, salah sahiji conto nu geus ilahar nyaéta [[alkohol]] jeung [[bako]], ulah nginum alkohol salila keur pamakéan ubar ieu. Sarta aya saabaraha kaayaan kaséhatan nu aya kamungkinan interaksi jeung niklosamid, jéntrekeun ka dokter ngeunaan kaayaan kaséhatan saacan urang ngonsumsi ubar ieu.<ref name=":2" /> == Éfék samping == Éfék samping mangrupa hiji éfék nu teu dipiharep tina ubar. Éfék samping ieu bisa mangrupa-rupa di sababaraha jalma gumantung kana kaayaan panyakit, umur, beurat awak, jinis kelamin, étnis, jeung sababaraha kaayaan kaséhatan lianna. Ieu di handap sababaraha éfék samping nu bisa karasa sanggeus nginum niklosamid:<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Niklosamida bisa nyababkeun éfék samping dapat menyebabkan efek samping kayaning: *[[Diaré]] * Nyeri beuteung * Leungitna kahayang dahar * Sebel atawa utah Sok sanajan jarang karandapan ieu di handap sababaraha kaayaan nu bisa narajang kusabab éfék samping tina niklosamid: *[[Nyeri sirah]] * Tunduh * Atel di daérah [[rektum]] *[[Ruam kulit]] * Teu ngareunah rarasaan di wewengkon [[biwir]] *[[Sirah]] asa ngoléang *''Pruritus'' (ateul dina kulit) Lamun anjeun ngarandapan kaayaan alérgi nu leuwih parna (anafilaktik) kana ubar ieu, , geura tepungan dokter, sababaraha kaayan alérgi nu parna ieu kayaning: * Arateul * Hésé rénghap * Barareuh dina beungeut, biwir, [[létah]], atawa [[tikoro]] Teu sakabéh jalma ngalaman 'éfék samping sarua. Kamungkinan aya sababaraha éfék samping nu teu disebutkeun di luhur. Mun anjeung ngarasa ringrnag bisa tuluy dikonsultasikeun ka dokter atawa apotéker. == Tutumbu kaluar == * [https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/niclosamide Niclosamide] == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Ubar]] bs2veab325l9tru516ilc4huur620ry Kabupatén Tana Toraja 0 99733 729088 674171 2026-09-26T12:08:44Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Kabupatén Tana Toraja | native_name = ''Kabupaten Tana Toraja'' | native_name_lang = id<!-- Indonesian --> | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | type = [[Daptar kabupatén jeung kota di Indonésia|Kabupatén]] | image_seal = Coat of Arms, Tana Toraja Regency.png | seal_alt = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Kabupatén | subdivision_name = [[Indonesia]] | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Sulawesi Kidul]] | seat_type = [[Puseur dayeuh]] | seat = [[Makale, Indonesia|Makale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 =2054.30 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_m = | population_as_of = 2019<ref name="TORAJA2020">{{cite web|url=https://tatorkab.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/2bd1f8c1d4c15124361b7e31/kabupaten-tana-toraja-dalam-angka-2020.html|title=Kabupaten Tana Toraja Dalam Angka 2020|last=|first=|publisher=BPS Kabupaten Tana Toraja|accessdate=12 Juni 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612141443/https://tatorkab.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/2bd1f8c1d4c15124361b7e31/kabupaten-tana-toraja-dalam-angka-2020.html|archivedate=2020-06-12}}</ref> | population_total =285687 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_footnotes = | timezone1 = [[Time in Indonesia|WITA]] | utc_offset1 = +8 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Kabupaten Tana Toraja''' nyaéta hiji [[kabupatén]] di [[Propinsi]] [[Sulawesi Kidul]], [[Indonésia]]. kalayan bupati namina Ir. Nico Biringkanae. Ibukotana nyaéta [[Makale]]. Sateuacan paméran, kabupaten éta ngagaduhan wilayah 3.203&nbsp;km² sareng gaduh populasi 285,867 jiwa ([[2019]]). Urang [[Toraja]], anu nyicingan daérah pagunungan sareng ngajaga gaya hirup unik sareng tetep nunjukkeun gaya [[Austronesian]] anu asli sareng mirip kana budaya [[Urang Nias| Nias]]. Wilayah ieu mangrupikeun obyek wisata di Sulawesi Kidul. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == * [http://www.tanatorajakab.go.id/ Situs web resmi pemerintah Kabupaten Tana Toraja] * [http://www.infotoraja.com/ Portal Informasi Toraja, Wisata Events dan Ensiklopedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625211403/https://infotoraja.com/ |date=2020-06-25 }} * [http://www.oladoo.com/2012/10/wisata-tanah-toraja-sulawesi-selatan.html Informasi Wisata tanah toraja] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622151315/http://www.oladoo.com/2012/10/wisata-tanah-toraja-sulawesi-selatan.html |date=2020-06-22 }} * {{de}} [http://www.batusura.de/ Galeri foto Tana Toraja] * {{en}} [http://www.torajatreasures.com/ Situs informasi Tana Toraja] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103095547/http://www.torajatreasures.com/ |date=2010-01-03 }} {{Sulawesi Kidul}} {{Pondok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tana Toraja}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Tana Toraja]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Sulawesi Kidul|Tana Toraja]] mpi6wc02sm4dfdh7buoiit82nxeqhl8 Kabupatén Maros 0 99734 729072 684675 2026-09-26T12:01:33Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | official_name = Kabupatén Maros | native_name = Kabupaten Maros | native_name_lang = id<!-- Indonesian --> | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | type = [[Daptar kabupatén jeung kota di Indonésia|Kabupatén]] | image_seal = Maros Regency Official Logo.png | seal_alt = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Kabupaten | subdivision_name = [[Indonesia]] | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Sulawesi Kidul]] | seat_type = [[Puseur dayeuh]] | seat = [[Maros]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 =1538.44 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_m = | population_as_of = 2018 | population_total =349822 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_footnotes = <ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2019.</ref> | timezone1 = [[Waktu Indonesia Tengah|WITA]] | utc_offset1 = +8 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Kabupaten Maros''' ([[Basa Bugis|Bugis]]: {{script|Bugi|ᨀᨅᨘᨄᨈᨛᨆᨑᨚ}}, [[Basa Makassar|Makassar]]: {{script|Maka|𑻠𑻤𑻴𑻣𑻦𑻵𑻥𑻭𑻶}}, [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]]: ''Maros Regency'') nyaéta hiji [[kabupatén]] di [[Propinsi]] [[Sulawesi Kidul]], [[Indonésia]]. Sateuacan paméran, kabupaten éta ngagaduhan wilayah 1.619,12&nbsp;km² sareng gaduh populasi 349.822 jiwa kalawan kapadetan populasi 216,06 pangeusi / km² di 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://maroskab.bps.go.id/publication/2019/08/16/29239258c554034ae6c0fc79/kabupaten-maros-dalam-angka-2019.html|title=Kabupaten Maros Dalam Angka 2019|last=maroskab.bps.go.id|date=2019-08-16|website=maroskab.bps.go.id|language=id|access-date=2019-08-23|accessdate=2020-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823114301/https://maroskab.bps.go.id/publication/2019/08/16/29239258c554034ae6c0fc79/kabupaten-maros-dalam-angka-2019.html|archivedate=2019-08-23}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == {{Commons category|Maros Regency|Kabupaten Maros}} * {{YouTube|channel=UC2pAN1dF41yxGCg59IULK0w?feature=sub_widget_1|Kabupaten Maros}} * {{Instagram|kabupatenmaros}} * {{Facebook|facebook.com/maroskab/}} * {{id}} [http://www.maroskab.go.id/ Situs web resmi Pemerintah Kabupaten Maros] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319021754/http://www.maroskab.go.id/ |date=2021-03-19 }} {{Sulawesi Kidul}} {{Pondok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maros}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Maros]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Sulawesi Kidul|Maros]] a68rzxmh1az39n3213u2xtoqupoukri Kabupatén Sidenreng Rappang 0 99747 729082 655556 2026-09-26T12:05:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | official_name = Kabupatén Sidenreng Rappang | native_name = ''Kabupatén Sidenreng Rappang'' | native_name_lang = id<!-- Indonesian --> | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | type = [[Daptar kabupatén jeung kota di Indonésia|Kabupatén]] | image_seal = Official Logo of Sidenreng Rappang Regency.png | seal_alt = | motto = Resopa Tammangingngi Malomo Nalatei Pammase Dewata | image_map = Sidrap Regency location map.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Daptar nagara|Nagara]] | subdivision_name = [[Indonesia]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Daptar propinsi di Indonésia|Propinsi]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Sulawesi Kidul]] | seat_type = [[Puseur dayeuh]] | seat = [[Maritengngae]] | leader_title = Bupati | leader_name = Dollah Mando<ref>{{cite news|url=http://makassar.tribunnews.com/2018/07/27/dollah-mando-jadi-bupati-sidrap-elite-pengusung-fatma-doakan-pemerintahan-doamu-lancar|title=Mario samsu S.Pd Jadi Bupati Sidrap, Elite Pengusung FATMA Doakan Pemerintahan DOAMU Lancar|access-date=27 July 2018|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727075252/http://makassar.tribunnews.com/2018/07/27/dollah-mando-jadi-bupati-sidrap-elite-pengusung-fatma-doakan-pemerintahan-doamu-lancar|archive-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2506.19 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_m = | population_as_of = 2010 | population_total = 278004 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_footnotes = | timezone1 = [[Time in Indonesia|ICST]] | utc_offset1 = +8 | website = {{URL|sidrapkab.go.id}} | footnotes = | pushpin_map = Indonesia_Sulawesi#Indonesia | pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Sulawesi]] and [[Indonesia]] | translit_lang1 = Other | translit_lang1_type1 = [[Lontara script|Lontara]] | translit_lang1_info1 = {{script|Bugi|ᨀᨅᨘᨄᨈᨙ ᨔᨗᨉᨙᨋᨙᨑᨄ}} | leader_title1 = Vice Regent | leader_name1 = Mahmud Yusuf | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Indonesia|Area code]] | area_code = (+62) 421 }} '''Kabupatén Sidenreng Rappang''' (sering disingget ku nami '''Sidrap''') ([[Basaa Bugis|Bugis]]: {{script|bugi|ᨀᨅᨘᨄᨈᨛ ᨔᨗᨉᨛᨋᨛ ᨑᨄ}}) mangrupikeun salah sahiji [[kabupatén]] di [[propinsi]] [[Sulawesi Kidul]], [[Indonesia]]. [[Modal]] distrik ieu ayana di [[Sidenreng, Sidenreng Rappang|Sidenreng]]. Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang kagungan lega wilayah 1,102.10 [[kilométer|km]] <sup> 2 </sup> sareng penduduk kira-kira 301,972 jiwa ([[2019]]). == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == * {{id}}[http://www.bppmd-sulsel.go.id/in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=164&Itemid=60/ BPPMD Sulsel – Sidrap]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{id}} [http://sidrapkab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Pemkab Sidenreng Rappang] * {{id}} [https://sidrapkab.bps.go.id/ BPS Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang] {{Sulawesi Kidul}} {{Pondok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sidenreng Rappang}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Sidenreng Rappang]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Sulawesi Kidul|Sidenreng Rappang]] a7dwba9uvggglu2lykdoj5h6srwjokq Titanic (filem 1997) 0 99752 729317 652308 2026-09-27T01:01:09Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name = Titanic |image = |caption = Poster rilis teatrikal |alt = |director = [[James Cameron]] |producer = {{Plainlist| * James Cameron * Jon Landau }} |writer = James Cameron |starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Leonardo Dicaprio]] * [[Kate Winslet]] * [[Billy Zane]] * [[Kathy Bates]] * [[Gloria Stuart]] * [[Victor Garber]] }} |music = James Horner |cinematography = Russell Carpenter |editing = {{Plainlist| * Conrad Buff * James Cameron * Richard A. Harris }} |studio = {{Plainlist| * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=British Film Institute|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|accessdate=July 29, 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110802052756/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102 |date=August 2, 2011 }}</ref> * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI/> * Lightstorm Entertainment<ref name=BFI/> }} |distributor = {{Plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]] {{small|<br>(Amerika Utara)}} * [[20th Century Fox]] {{small|<br>(Internasional)}} }} |released = {{Film date|1997|11|1|''[[Tokyo International Film Festival]]''|1997|12|19|Amerika Serikat|1998|1|5|Indonesia|2012|4|4|3D}} |runtime = 194 menit |country = [[Amerika Serikat]] |language = Inggris |budget = $200&nbsp;juta<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane|last=Garrett|title=Big-budget bang-ups.|work=Variety|date=April 20, 2007|accessdate=November 16, 2009|url= http://www.webcitation.org/5lLRXg73q}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{Cite book|last1=Wyatt|first1=Justin|last2=Vlesmas|first2=Katherine|year=1999|chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic|pages=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}} In Sandler & Studlar (1999).</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W.|last=Welkos|title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic'|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 11, 1998|accessdate=December 12, 2009|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727|archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> |gross = $2.185.372.302<ref name=bom>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm|accessdate=June 8, 2012}}</ref> }} '''''Titanic''''' mangrupikeun [[film]] [[epik]], [[roman]], sareng produksi [[Amérika Serikat]] taun 1997 diarahkeun ku James Cameron. Pilem ieu nyarioskeun carita cinta antara Jack sareng Rose (dimaénkeun ku Leonardo DiCaprio sareng Kate Winslet) tina sababaraha status sosial dina kapal "RMS Titanic" tilelep dina 15 April 1912. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == {{Commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{official website|http://www.titanicmovie.com/menu.html}} * [http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1997/TITAN.php ''Titanic''] di The Numbers * [http://www.tcmdb.com/title/title.jsp?stid=454250 ''Titanic'']{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} di TCM Movie Database * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCy5WQ9S4c0 Trailer ''Titanic'' di Youtube] {{DEFAULTSORT:Titanic}} [[Kategori:Pilem Amérika]] {{Pondok}} fiaoxnnar48k8jhkngep2ttqvv80o00 Titiek Puspa 0 99774 729318 709046 2026-09-27T01:01:28Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artis indonesia |name = Titiek Puspa |image = Titiek Puspa Varia cover.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Titiek Puspa sebagai sampul majalah ''Varia'' (1963) |birthdate = {{birth date and age|1937|11|1}} |birthplace = [[Tanjung, Tabalong]], [[Kalimantan Selatan]], [[Indonesia]] |birthname = Sudarwati |othername = |deathdate = |deathplace = |yearsactive = 1950 - ayeuna |occupation = [[Artis]], [[Penyanyi]] |spouse = Alm. [[Mus Mualim]] |partner = |children = Ella Puspasari Kamarullah<br>Petty Tunjungsari Murdago |parents = Toegeno Poespowidjojo <br>Siti Mariam<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://m.cnnindonesia.com/hiburan/20171123155034-234-257624/titiek-puspa-dan-panggung-pohon-jambu-di-pekarangan-rumah/|title=Titiek Puspa dan Panggung Pohon Jambu di Pekarangan Rumah|publisher=[[CNN Indonesia]]|accessdate=28 November 2017}}</ref> |influences = |religion = [[Islam]] |influenced = |signature = Signature of Titiek Puspa.png }} '''Titiek Puspa''' anu miboga ngaran asli nyaéta '''Sudarwati''' tuluy dirobah deui ka '''Kadarwati,''' sarta tungtungna dirobah kana '''Sumarti'''<ref>[http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/t/titiek-puspa/index.shtm Tokoh Indonesia]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ({{lahirmati|[[Tanjung, Tabalong]], [[Kalimantan Kidul]]|1|11|1937}}) mangrupa salah sahiji [[musisi]] ​​ti [[Indonesia]]. == Kasang tukang == Titiek nu miboga ngaran asli Sudarwati nu tuluy dirobah deui kana Sumarti mangrupa anak ti pasangan Tugeno Puspowidjojo jeung Siti Mariam, ti leuleutik manéhna miboga cita-cita sangkan bisa jadi guru di taman kanak-kanak (TK), saprak meunangkeun sababaraha hiji kompetisi nyanyi, di umur 14 taun manéhna mutuskan jadi artis, tapi kolotna teu satuju kana kaputusan nu dijieun ku manéhna. Dina hiji kasempetan, Sumarti maksa sangkan bisa miluan [[lomba]] tanpa ijin ti kolotna, supaya teu dipikanyaho ku kolotna, babaturan Sumarti nyarankeun sangkan ngagunakeun ngaran samaran "Titiek Puspo", ngaran "Titiek" dicokot tina landihan sapopoéna, lamun "Puspo" nyaéta ngaran bapakna. Sumarti satuju kana saran éta, tuluy nerjemahkeun ngaran Puspo jadi Puspa. Saprak ti dinya Sumarti dikenal ku ngaran Titiek Puspa, ngaran ieu ogé nu dipake pikeun ngaran orkésna nyaéta "Puspa Sari" anu dipingpin langsung ku manéhna jeung nu maturan awal karir manéhna. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/07/29/titiek-puspa-%E2%80%98don%E2%80%99t-let-money-make-you-stupid-or-poison-you%E2%80%99.html|title=Titiek Puspa: ‘Don’t let money make you stupid or poison you’ {{!}} The Jakarta Post|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2022-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623073127/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/07/29/titiek-puspa-%E2%80%98don%E2%80%99t-let-money-make-you-stupid-or-poison-you%E2%80%99.html|archivedate=2011-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/22/alberthiene-endah-life-she-wrote.html|title=Alberthiene Endah: Life, She wrote|last=Post|first=The Jakarta|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|accessdate=2022-03-19}}</ref> [[Gambar:TitiekPuspa.jpg|jmpl|Titiek Puspa]] == Karir == Awal karir nyanyina dimulai saprak miluan kontés nyanyi "Bintang Radio" di Kota Semarang. Salian ti nyanyi, Titiek ogé nunjukeun bakat manéhna di bidang operet, aya sababaraha hiji karyana nyaéta operet ''Bawang Merah Bawang Putih'', ''Ketupat Lebaran'', ''Kartini Manusiawi'', dan ''Ronce-ronce''. Rekaman ''piringan hitam'' nu paling mimitina nyaéta kaluar maké labél Gembira, nu eusina lagu ''Di Sudut Bibirmu'', ''Esok'' ''Malam Kau Kujelang'', sarta duet jeung Tuty Daulay dina lagu ''Indada Siririton.'' Dina pertengahan taun 1960, Titiek Puspa pernah jadi penyanyi netep dina Orkes Studio Jakarta, ti dinya Titiek meunangkeun loba pangajaran ti Iskandar jeung Zainal Ardi. Salaku penyanyi anu mulai dipikawanoh ku balaréa, Titiek can loba nyiptakeun lagu dina albumna, lolobana lagu-laguna diciptakeun ku Iskandar, Mus Mualim, aya ogé Wedasmara. Titiek nyiptakeun lagu-lagu karya manéhna sorangan mulai ti album ''Si Hitam'' ''dan Pita'' (1963) nu eusina 12 lagu, 11 lagu di antarana mangrupa ciptaan sirangan, sarta hiji lagu mangrupa ciptaan Mus Mualim. Titiek ninggalkeun orkestra dina taun 1962. {{sfn|Varia 1963, Biduanita}} Ngaran panggungnya dipilih ku Présidén [[Sukarno]] dina tahun 1950-an.{{sfn|Edmond 2008, Titiek Puspa: 'Don't}} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == {{commonscat|Titiek Puspa}} * {{kapanlagi|t|titiek_puspa}} * {{id}} [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/t/titiek-puspa/index.shtml Titiek Puspa di situs web Tokoh Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204015908/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/t/titiek-puspa/index.shtml |date=2007-02-04 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Puspa, Titiek}} [[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Panyanyi Indonésia]] {{Biografi-pondok}} feu2m5g61jgcxcv3p4uasjkk8f2h78u Kota Pontianak 0 99825 729210 673254 2026-09-26T15:41:47Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ibu kota propinsi | pulau = Kalimantan | nama = Kota Pontianak<br>كوتا ڨونتيانك<br>坤甸<br>Khuntîen | propinsi = Kalimantan Kulon | luas = 107,82 | penduduk = 665,017 | penduduktahun = 2019 | pendudukref = <ref name="pendudukagama">{{cite web|url=http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?tid=321&wid=6100000000|title=Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut|date=|accessdate=2012-04-19}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509191200/https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?tid=321&wid=6100000000 |date=2019-05-09 }}</ref> | kepadatan = 6,168 | suku = [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]] 31,24%<br> [[Urang Melayu|Melayu]] 26,05%<br> [[Urang Bugis|Bugis]] 13,12%<br> [[Urang Jawa|Jawa]] 11,67%<br> [[Urang Madura|Madura]] 6,35%<br> Lain-lain 8,57.<ref name="penduduksuku">{{cite web|url=http://www.pontianakkota.go.id/?q=tentang/suku-bangsa|title=Suku Bangsa|date=|accessdate=2012-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218195426/http://www.pontianakkota.go.id/?q=tentang/suku-bangsa|archivedate=2013-12-18}}</ref> | agama = [[Islam]] 69.25%<br> [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] 14.94%<br> [[Kristen|Kristen Protestan]] 9.32%<br> [[Katolik]] 6.11%<br> [[Agama Khonghucu|Konghucu]] 0.23%<br> [[Hindu]] 0.14<br> Lain-lain | kecamatan = 6 | kelurahan = 29 | kodearea = +62 561 | pelabuhan = [[Pelabuhan Pontianak]] | zona = [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] ([[UTC]]+7) | lambang = Seal of Pontianak.svg | peta=<!--[[Berkas:Peta_kota_pontianak.png ]]--> | foto = | caption = | koordinat = 0° 02' 24" [[Lintang Utara|LU]] – 0° 01' 37" [[Lintang Selatan|LS]]{{br}}109° 16' 25" – 109° 23' 04" [[Bujur Timur|BT]] | dau = Rp626.879.054.000.- | dauref = (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2013/bulan/02/tanggal/04/id/873/|title=Perpres No. 10 Tahun 2013|date=2013-02-04|accessdate=2013-02-15}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214064515/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2013/bulan/02/tanggal/04/id/873 |date=2013-02-14 }}</ref> | dasar hukum = UU Darurat No. 3 Tahun 1953{{br}}UU No. 27 Tahun 1959 | tanggal = [[23 Oktober]] [[1771]] | kepala daerah = Daptar Wali Kota Pontianak{{!}}Wali Kota | nama kepala daerah =[[Edi Rusdi Kamtono|Ir. H. Edi Rusdi Kamtono, M.M., M.T]] |kepala daerah2 = Daptar Wakil Wali Kota Pontianak{{!}}Wakil Wali Kota |nama kepala daerah2= Bahasan | SNI = PNK | web = {{URL|http://www.pontianakkota.go.id/}} | latd = 0.02 |latm= |lats= |latNS=S | longd = 109.34 |longm= |longs= |longEW=E }} '''Kota Pontianak''' ({{lang-zh|坤甸}}, [[Hakka|Khek]]: '''Khuntîen''', [[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]]: كوتا ڨونتيانك) mangrupikeun ibukota di [[propinsi di Indonésia|propinsi]] [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Indonesia]]. Kota ieu dikenal minangka [[khatulistiwa|kota khatulistiwa]] sabab disebatkeun ku [[khatulistiwa]]. Di kalér Kota Pontianak, persis Siantan, aya [[Tugu Khatulistiwa]] anu diwangun dina tempat anu katulistiwa. Salaku tambahan, kota Pontianak dijalankeun ku [[Sungai Kapuas]] jeung [[Sungai Landak]]. Kadua walungan diciptakeun dina simbol Kota Pontianak. Kota ieu ngagaduhan luas 107.82 kilométer pasagi. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == * {{id}} [http://www.bps.go.id/hasilSP2010/kalbar/6171.pdf Badan Pusat Statistik: ''Hasil Sensus Penduduk Kota Pontianak 2010''] {{Indonésia}} {{Indonésia-pondok}} {{Ibu kota Propinsi di Indonésia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pontianak}} [[Kategori:Ibu kota propinsi di Indonésia|Pontianak]] [[Kategori:Kalimantan Kulon|Pontianak]] mceys31mvg2soi6l5gnbhc9j8236cb2 Kabupatén Sinjai 0 99828 729084 679848 2026-09-26T12:06:37Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | official_name = Kabupatén Sinjai | native_name = Kabupaten Sinjai | native_name_lang = id<!-- Indonesian --> | image_skyline = Sinjai Regency South Sulawesi.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | type = [[Daptar kabupatén jeung kota di Indonésia|Kabupaten]] | image_seal = [[Gambar:Lambang Kabupaten Sinjai.png|150px]] | seal_alt = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Daptar nagara|Nagara]] | subdivision_name = [[Indonesia]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Propinsi]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Sulawesi Kidul]] | seat_type = [[Puseur dayeuh]] | seat = [[Sinjai]] | leader_title = Bupati | leader_name = Sabirin Yahya | leader_title1 = Wakil Bupati | leader_name1 = A Fajar Yanwar | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 =819.96 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_m = | population_as_of = 2010 | population_total = 228936 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_footnotes = | timezone1 = [[Zona Waktu di Indonesia|Indonesia Central Time]] | utc_offset1 = +8 | website = {{url|www.sinjaikab.go.id}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2013/bulan/02/tanggal/04/id/873/|title=Perpres No. 10 Tahun 2013|date=2013-02-04|accessdate=2013-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214064515/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2013/bulan/02/tanggal/04/id/873|archivedate=2013-02-14}}</ref> | footnotes = | area_code_type = [[Daptar kode telepon di Indonesia|Area code]] | area_code = (+62) 482 | pushpin_map = Indonesia_Sulawesi#Indonesia | pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Sulawesi]] and [[Indonesia]] }} '''Kabupaten Sinjai''' ([[Basa Bugis|Bugis]]: {{script|bugi|ᨀᨅᨘᨄᨈᨛ ᨔᨗᨍᨕᨗ}}) mangrupikeun salah sahiji [[Daérah Tingkat II]] di [[propinsi]] [[Sulawesi Kidul]], [[Indonesia]]. [[Ibukota]] [[Kabupatén]] perenahna di [[Balangnipa, Sinjai Kalér, Sinjai|Balangnipa]] atanapi Kota Sinjai anu sakitar ± 220&nbsp;km ti Kota Makassar. Kabupaten ieu ngagaduhan luas 819.96&nbsp;km <sup> 2 </sup> sareng gaduh penduduk sakitar 236,497 jiwa. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == * [http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/profil-daerah/kabupaten/id/73/name/sulawesi-selatan/detail/7307/sinjai Profil Kabupaten Sinjai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722095953/http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/profil-daerah/kabupaten/id/73/name/sulawesi-selatan/detail/7307/sinjai |date=2018-07-22 }} {{Sulawesi Kidul}} {{Indonesia-pondok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sinjai}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Sinjai]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Sulawesi Kidul|Sinjai]] gcx6ev097ofovjsmb63dpelw6m8gkhz Kabupatén Wajo 0 99833 729096 655558 2026-09-26T12:11:46Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | official_name = Kabupatén Wajo | native_name = ''Kabupaten Wajo'' | native_name_lang = id<!-- Indonesian --> | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | type = [[Daptar kabupatén jeung kota di Indonésia|Kabupaten]] | image_seal = Lambang Kabupaten Wajo.png | seal_alt = | motto = Maradeka Towadjoe Ade'na Napopuang | image_map = Locator Wajo Regency.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Nagara | subdivision_name = [[Indonesia]] | subdivision_type1 = Propinsi | subdivision_name1 = [[Sulawesi Kidul]] | seat_type = [[Ibu kota|Capital]] | seat = [[Sengkang, Indonesia|Sengkang]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 =2056.20 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_m = | population_as_of = 2010 | population_total =384694 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_footnotes = | timezone1 = [[Zona Waktu di Indonesia|WIB]] | utc_offset1 = +7 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Kabupaten Wajo''' ([[Basa Bugis|Bugis]]: {{script|bugi|ᨀᨅᨘᨄᨈᨛ ᨓᨍᨚ }}) mangrupikeun salah sahiji [[Daérah Tingkat II]] di [[propinsi]] [[Sulawesi Kidul]], [[Indonesia]]. [[Ibukota]] [[Kabupatén]] perenahna di [[Sengkang]].<ref>{{Citation | author = [[Government of Indonesia]] | url = http://www.legalitas.org/database/puu/1959/uu29-1959.pdf | title = Establishment of the Second-level Administrative Regions of Sulawesi | edition = in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] | id = UU No. 29/1959 | date = 4 July 1959 | accessdate = 2009-01-05 | publisher = Indonesia Ministry of Law and Justice | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120208091057/http://www.legalitas.org/database/puu/1959/uu29-1959.pdf | archivedate = 2012-02-08 }}</ref> Kabupaten gaduh luas 2,056.19 [[kilométer|km]]² sareng gaduh penduduk sakitar 400,000. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == {{Sulawesi Kidul}} {{Indonesia-pondok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wajo}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Wajo]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Sulawesi Kidul|Wajo]] 2qji717zb7w6dczftc6wis5p1wewsns Melody Nurramdhani Laksani 0 99856 729224 703898 2026-09-26T17:39:01Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox penyanyi indonesia |name = ᮙᮦᮜᮧᮓᮤ ᮔᮥᮁᮛᮙ᮪ᮓᮔᮤ ᮜᮊ᮪ᮞᮔᮤ |image = Melody Nurramdhani Laksani (22493920964).jpg |caption = |birthname = ᮙᮦᮜᮧᮓᮤ ᮔᮥᮁᮛᮙ᮪ᮓᮔᮤ ᮜᮊ᮪ᮞᮔᮤ |othername = Mélody, Mélo, Téh Imél, Mbak Imél <small>(panggilan buat [[Frieska Anastasia Laksani|Frieska]])</small> |birthdate = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1992|3|24}} |birthplace = {{negara|Indonésia}} [[Bandung]], [[Pasundan]] |deathdate = |deathplace = |currentcity = |nationality = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] |people = |address = |ethnicity = [[ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]] |residence = |home_town = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Bandung]], [[Pasundan]] |ancestry = |originplace = |etnic = [[Suku Sunda|Sunda]] |country of region = |restingplace = |restingplacecoordinates = |debutdate = |voice = |genre = [[Pop]], [[J-pop]] |recordlabel =[[Hits Records]] |occupation = [[Artis]]<br>General Manager [[Teater JKT48]] <small>(2015-2018)</small><br>General Manager [[JKT48]] <small>(2018–ayeuna)</small><br>Duta Pertanian sareng Kadaharan, Persahabatan antara [[Jepang]]-[[ASEAN]] |instrument = [[Pokal]] |Warsihaktip = [[2011]]-ayeuna |label = JKT48 Project <small>([[JKT48]])</small><br>[[Hits Records]] <small>([[JKT48]])</small> |associatedacts = [[JKT48]]<br>[[AKB48]]<br>[[Frieska Anastasia Laksani]] |partner = |influences = |influenced = |spouse = {{marriage|Hanif Fathoni|2018}} |domesticpartner = Astri Citra Apsari Laksani (Kakak sulung)<br>[[Frieska Anastasia Laksani]] (Adik bungsu) |children = |parents = Asép D. Laksono (Ayah)<br>Hénny Witriman (Ibu) |almameter = [[Universitas Padjadjaran]] |religion = [[Selam]] |website = https://jkt48.com/jkt48-academy/staff-pengajar |twitter = MelodyLaksani |instagram = melodylaksani92 |fansite = Melodiest |currentmembers = |pastmembers = [[JKT48]] (2011-2018) |awards = Peringkat 1 ''(Center)'' — <small>[[Pemilihan Member Single ke-6 JKT48]] ([[2014]])</small><br>Peringkat 3 ''(Senbatsu)'' — <small>[[Pemilihan Member Single ke-10 JKT48]] ([[2015]])</small><br>Peringkat 5 ''(Senbatsu)'' — <small>[[Pemilihan Member Single ke-13 JKT48]] ([[2016]])</small><br>Peringkat 3 ''(Senbatsu)'' — <small>[[Pemilihan Member Single ke-17 JKT48]] ([[2017]])</small> }} '''Mélody Nurramdhani Laksani''' S.P.᳂ᮙᮦᮜᮧᮓᮤ ᮔᮥᮁᮛᮙ᮪ᮓᮔᮤ ᮜᮊ᮪ᮞᮔᮤ᳂ ({{lahirmati|[[Bandung]]|24|3|1992}}) atanapi disebat '''Mélody''', ogé katelah '''Mélody JKT48''' salaku anggota [[JKT48]] atanapi ayeuna katelah '''Mélody Laksani'''nyaéta salah sahiji [[penyanyi]] [[Indonésia]] sareng tilas anggohota [[JKT48]] generasi munggaran ti [[Bandung]], [[Indonésia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=JKT48:1月に初のCD発売決定　高城＆仲川も公演デビューへ|url=http://mainichi.jp/mantan/news/20121224dyo00m200022000c.html|newspaper=Mainichi.jp|date=2012-12-24|accessdate=2013-07-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231091409/http://mainichi.jp/mantan/news/20121224dyo00m200022000c.html|archivedate=2012-12-31}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231091409/http://mainichi.jp/mantan/news/20121224dyo00m200022000c.html |date=2012-12-31 }}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == {{Commons category}} * {{id}} [http://www.jkt48.com/member/detail/id/16?lang=id Profil di situs web resmi JKT48] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606061318/http://www.jkt48.com/member/detail/id/16?lang=id |date=2020-06-06 }} * {{Twitter|melodylaksani}} * {{Instagram|melodylaksani92}} * {{Google+|103342573267763172642}} * {{en}} [http://www.stage48.net/wiki/index.php/Melody_Nurramdhani_Laksani Melody Nurramdhani Laksani di Wiki48] * {{id}} [http://www.jkt48faktaunik.com/fakta-unik-tentang-melody-nurramdhani-laksani/ Melody Nurramdhani Laksani di Fakta Unik JKT48] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208190016/http://www.jkt48faktaunik.com/fakta-unik-tentang-melody-nurramdhani-laksani |date=2016-12-08 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Melody Nurramdhani Laksani}} [[Kategori:Panyanyi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Anggota JKT48]] [[Kategori:JKT48 Generasi 1]] [[Kategori:JKT48 Tim J|Melody]] [[Kategori:JKT48 Tim T|Melody]] {{Biografi-pondok}} 7lucx9qvzm1gb6ryz8epa9b4dhea807 Ringo Starr 0 100196 729277 672664 2026-09-26T21:51:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> |name = Ringo Starr |image = Ringo Starr.png |image_caption = Ringo Starr, 2019 |img_size = 300px |landscape = Yes |background = solo_singer |birth_name = Richard Starkey |alias = Ringo Starr |birth = {{Birth date and age|1940|7|7|df=yes}}<br />[[Liverpool]], [[Inggris]] |instrument = [[Drum]], [[Perkusi]], [[Piano]], [[Penyanyi|vocal]], [[Harmonika]], [[Gitar]], [[Organ]] |genre = [[Rock]], [[Musik pop]] |occupation = [[Penyanyi]], [[nulis|Penulis lagu]], [[Aktor]] |years_active = 1957-ayeuna |voice_type = [[Bariton]] |label = [[Parlophone]], [[United Artists Records]], [[Capitol Records|Capitol]], [[Apple Records|Apple]], [[Swan Records]], [[Vee-Jay Records|Vee-Jay]], [[Tollie Records]], [[MGM Records]], [[Polydor Records|Polydor]], [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]], [[RCA Records|RCA]], [[Mercury Records|Mercury]], [[Koch Records|Koch]] Private Music, Boardwalk Records, Rykodisc |associated_acts = [[The Beatles]], [[Rory Storm and the Hurricanes]], [[Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band]], [[Plastic Ono Band]] |URL = [http://www.ringostarr.com/ ringostarr.com] |notable_instruments = Ludwig Super Classic Drumset<br />Ludwig Black Oyster Pearl Drumset}} '''Sir Richard Starkey''', [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] ({{lahirmati|[[Liverpool]], [[Inggris]]|7|7|1940}}), atawa '''Ringo Starr''', nyaéta musisi anu kawéntar tina [[Britania Raya]], anu paling kasohor janten drummer pikeun [[The Beatles]]. Anjeunna ngagabung sareng Beatles di taun 1962. Salaku tukang gendang, Starr dipikanyaho kreatif, sareng kontribusina ka band na dipuji pujian ti seueur tukang gendang profésional. Dina taun 2011, anjeunna rengking kalima dina polling ''[[Rolling Stones]]'' kanggo 100 drummers pangpanjangna sadaya waktos.<ref name="PAS">{{cite web |url=http://www.pas.org/About/HofDetails.cfm?IFile=starr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617043804/http://www.pas.org/About/HofDetails.cfm?IFile=starr |archivedate=17 June 2008 |title=PAS Hall of Fame, Ringo Starr |accessdate=21 July 2020 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617043804/http://www.pas.org/About/HofDetails.cfm?IFile=starr |date=17 June 2008 }}</ref> ==Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == {{Biografi-pondok}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{en}} [http://www.ringostarr.com/ RingoStarr.com] — Official Website, featuring video updates from Ringo * {{en}} [http://www.ringotour.com/ Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band] * {{imdb name|id=0823592|name=Ringo Starr}} * {{en}} [http://www.limelightagency.com/ringo/frms/rs.html Ringo's paintings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410143941/http://www.limelightagency.com/ringo/frms/rs.html |date=2006-04-10 }} * {{en}} [http://ringostarr.lyrics.info/ Ringo Starr lyrics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515193651/http://ringostarr.lyrics.info/ |date=2006-05-15 }} — A collection of lyrics organized by album from [http://lyrics.info/ lyrics.info] {{DEFAULTSORT:Starr, Ringo}} [[Kategori:Panyanyi Inggris]] otya1jpm6wwi6f8e60n4p9isylgowr9 Kategori:Citakan Indonésia 14 100564 729397 605732 2026-09-27T05:42:58Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729397 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Citakan dumasar nagara|Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Indonésia|Citakan]] 4wxjoplaz4sa3h21zq2y3nl9njjs7fl Kadongdong cina 0 100742 729105 681254 2026-09-26T12:27:25Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudikotil]] |unranked_ordo = [[Asteridae]] |ordo = [[Apiales]] |familia = [[Araliaceae]] |subfamilia = [[Aralioideae]] |genus = ''[[Polyscias]]'' |genus_authority = [[Johann Reinhold Forster|J.R.Forst.]] & [[Georg Forster|G.Forst.]] |subdivision_ranks = Species |species = '''''P. fruticosa''''' |binomial = ''Poluscias fruticosa'' |binomial_authority = Miq. |synonyms= Referensi:<ref name=P.Hanelt>{{aut|Hanelt, Peter (eds.)}} (2001). ''[http://books.google.co.id/books?id=10IMFSavIMsC&pg=PA1251 Mansfield's Encyclopedia of Agriculturan and Holticulturan Crops]'' '''2''':1251. [[Berlin]]:Springer. ISBN 3-540-41017-1.</ref> * ''Aralia tripinnata'' <small>Blanco</small> * ''Nothopanax fruticosum'' <small>(L.) Miq.</small> * ''N. obtusum'' <small>(Blume) Miq.</small> * ''Panax fruticosum'' <small>L.</small><ref name=Heyne/> * ''P. obtusa'' <small>(Blume) Harms [nom. illeg.] non. Blanco</small> * ''P. obtusum'' <small>Blume</small> * ''Tieghemopanax fruticosus'' <small>(L.) R. Vig.</small> }} [[File:Cakla-cikli.jpg|jmpl|kadongdong cina]] '''Kadongdong cina'''; ''Daun berlangkas'' {{id}}; ''Spondias pinnata (L.f.)'' nyaéta hiji tutuwuhan anu asalna tina kulawarga ''[[Araliaceae]]''. Tangkalna ngarungkun, remen dimangpaatkeun dauna pikeun sayureun jeung lalab. Daunna kawas daun kadongdong, kusabab kitu ieu tutuwuhan sok disebut tangkal kadongdong. ==Ngaran daérah== Tangkal kadongdong cina, mibanda sababaraha ngaran daérah kayaning : ''daun papéda papua'' ([[Basa Ambon|Amb.]]), ''kadondong laut'', ''kadondong cina'' ([[Basa Sunda|Sund.]]), ''kědondong laut'' ([[Basa Jawa|Jw.]]), ''kadundung patedhan'' ([[Basa Madura|Mad.]]), ''bombu'', ''puding'' ([[Basa Melayu|Melayu]] dan [[Bahasa Makassar|Mak.]]), ''keudem rinték'' ([[Basa Minahasa|Minh.]]), ''gurabati'', ''tampusong'' ([[Basa Ternate|Tern.]]), jeung ''déwu papua''.<ref name=Heyne/><ref name=Departemen/> Di luar negeri, ieu tangkal dipiwanoh ku ''kuku garuda'', ''pokok teh'' ([[Malaysia|Mly.]]), ''ming aralia'', ''aralia'' ([[Bahasa Inggris|Ing.]]), dan ''bani'', ''makan'', juga ''papua'' ([[Filipina|Fil.]]).<ref name=Globinmed/> == Ciri mandiri== Kadongdong cina, tangkalna ngarungkun;[[perdu]] ajeg kaluhur.<ref name=Heyne>{{aut|[[Karel Heyne|Heyne, Karel]]}} (1917). ''[http://archive.org/stream/denuttigeplanten03heyn#page/392/mode/2up De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië] [Tumbuhan berguna dari Hindia Belanda]'' '''3''':392{{Spaced ndash}}393. [[Batavia]]:Ruygrok & Co.</ref> atawa tangkal leutik anu jangkungna nepi ka 2-3 [[meter|m]]. [[Tangkal]]na ajeg, mibanda kai, buleud, héjo semu konéng. [[Daun]]na buleud endog, nemprak aya ogé anu galing, sisi daun rérégéan. Tulang daun kawas cécépét, kurang leuwih 8–15&nbsp;cm × 3–7&nbsp;cm.<ref name=Departemen/><ref name=Globinmed>{{cite web |title=''Polyscias fruticosa'' |url=http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84191:polyscias |publisher=Glob in Med |accessdate=1 September 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Kembang]]na aya 5-8 kuntum anu ngéntép dina tempat kawas payung, sarta kelirna héjo tur laleutik .<ref name=Sas.>{{aut|Sastrapradja, Setijati; Lubis, Siti Harti Aminah; Djajasukma; Soetarno, Hadi; Lubis, Ischak}} (1981) [1980]. ''Sayur-sayuran''. '''6''':22{{spaced ndash}}23. [[Jakarta]]:[[Lembaga Biologi Nasional|LBN]] - [[LIPI]] bekerjasama dengan [[Balai Pustaka]].</ref> Bijil tina handapeun cupat daun, kelopakna ngawujud mangkok, bertaju, [[kelopak kembang]] ngawujud mangkok, mahkota kembang wujudna buleud endog, lemes, benang sari ''silindris'', sarta kelirna konéng. [[Buah]]na kagolongkeun buah buni, buleud, jeung kelirna héjo semu wungu. [[Siki]]na buleud dempak kelirna hideung. Sedengkeun [[akar]]na kasebut [[akar tunggang]] kelirna coklat.<ref name=Departemen>{{cite web |title=''Nothopanax fruticosum'' Miq. |url=http://bebas.vlsm.org/v12/artikel/ttg_tanaman_obat/depkes/buku3/3-083.pdf |date=15 November 2001 |publisher=[[Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia|Departemen Kesehatan]] |accessdate=1 September 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206181642/http://bebas.vlsm.org/v12/artikel/ttg_tanaman_obat/depkes/buku3/3-083.pdf |archivedate=6 December 2008 }}</ref> == Sumebar jeung habitat == Kadongdong cina aslina ti daérah [[Pasifik]], sarta geus nyebar nepi ka [[Éropa]]. Di [[Indonésia]], loba dipelakeun di [[kebon]], buruan, sisi jalan, sarta pager hirup anu digunakeun minangka wates jeung lahan batur. Hirup kalawan subur di [[buruan]].<ref name=Sas./> Di [[Jawa]], kadongdong cina remen dipaké pikeun tutuwuhan wates. Di [[Viétnam]], kadongdong cina dipelak dimangpaatekun pikeun [[ubar]].<ref name=P.Hanelt/> Numutkeun [[Heyne]] ceuk pamanggih [[Rumphius]] cenah ieu tutuwuhan asup ka kota [[Ternate]], [[Kota Ambon]] sabagé pepelakan hias. <ref name=Heyne/> == Manfaat jeung kagunaan == Kadongdong cina dimangpaatekun pikeun [[lalab]]an. Didagangkeun utamana di [[pasar]]-pasar di [[Jawa Kulon]]. Masarakat ngala dauna tina hasil melak di sabudeureun imahna séwang-séwangan, remen ogé dipaké pikeun [[pagar]] hirup. Alatan [[daun]]na katempo éndah, spésiés ieu remen dijadikeun pepelakan hias.<ref name=Sas./> Sagigireun kitu, [[daun]], pucuk ngora, jeung [[akar]] dikonsumsi atahna bisa ogé dikulub heula. Baheula , di [[Ternate]], masarakat ngasakan daun kadongdong cina jeung [[lauk]] sumawona [[daging]]mah pikeun campuran sayur. Rumphius negeskeun yén rasa tina sakabéh bagéan tangkal kadongdong cina karasa seukeut. Sagigireun ti éta, [[W.G. Boorsma]] sakumaha anu dikutip ku Heyne, nétélakeun yén akar kadongdong Cina rasanya hambar. Akar jeung daun dibebek terus digodog tuluy di saring, biasa dimangpaatekun pikeun ngubaran hésé kahampangan.<ref name=Heyne/> Ieu tutuwuhan ogé dimangpaatekun pikeun [[ubar ]] di [[Viétnam]], [[Jawa]], [[Fiji]], jeung [[Kamboja]] pikeun [[analgesi]]k, obat penurun panas, tur ngalancarkeun kahampangan. Tangkal dimangpaatekun pikeun [[dupa]] ku pandeta [[Buddha]] di [[Kamboja]].<ref name=P.Hanelt/> Tutuwuhan ieu ogé mibanda niléy ékonomi, ti saprak taun 1970 patani di daérah [[Kabupatén Sukabumi]] melak ieu kadongdong cina pikeun tutuwuhan hias sarta dijual ka nagara [[Koréa]] jeung [[Jepang]] harga satangkalna10 ribu [[Rupiah]] pikeun tangkal anu nincak umur 18 [[bulan]].<ref name=Kedondong>{{cite news|title=Adang Sujana Ketua Poktan Barokah: Kedongdong Cina Berprospek Untuk Pasar Ekspor|date=3 Mei 2013|url=http://www.gesitnews.com/berita-171-adang-sujana-ketua-poktan-barokah-kedongdong-cina-berprospek-untuk-pasar-ekspor.html|work=Gesitnews.com|accessdate=1 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309212003/http://www.gesitnews.com/berita-171-adang-sujana-ketua-poktan-barokah-kedongdong-cina-berprospek-untuk-pasar-ekspor.html|archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|2}} == Tutumbu ka luar== {{Wikispecies| ming aralia }} {{commonscat|ming aralia}} [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan ubar]] [[Kategori:Araliaceae]] [[Kategori :Tutuwuhan tropis ]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Lalab]] ni94rhao5l2dyrkcvaqwfxccziipuxl Kacang parang 0 101746 729103 652707 2026-09-26T12:24:27Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = Kacang parang |image = Canava1.jpg |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudikotil]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosidae]] |ordo = [[Fabales]] |familia = [[Fabaceae]] |genus = ''[[Canavalia]]'' |species = '''''C. ensiformis''''' |binomial = ''Canavalia ensiformis'' |binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]<ref name="GRIN"> {{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?8827 |title=''Canavalia ensiformis'' (L.) DC. |work=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |date=2005-12-22 |accessdate=2009-03-26}}</ref> |synonyms= Referensi:<ref name=vlsm>{{cite web |date=15 November 2001 |title=Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. |publisher=[[Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia|Departemen Kesehatan]] |url=http://bebas.vlsm.org/v12/artikel/ttg_tanaman_obat/depkes/buku4/4-014.pdf |accessdate=26 April 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207052946/http://bebas.vlsm.org/v12/artikel/ttg_tanaman_obat/depkes/buku4/4-014.pdf |archivedate=7 December 2008 }}</ref><ref name=Prohati>{{cite web |date= |title= Canavalia ensiformis DC. |publisher= Prohati |url= http://www.proseanet.org/prohati2/browser.php?docsid=188 |accessdate= 26 April 2013 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160413070107/http://proseanet.org/prohati2/browser.php?docsid=188 |archivedate= 13 April 2016 }}</ref> * ''Canavalia gladiata'' <small>DC.</small> * ''C. gladiata'' <small>(Jacq.) DC.</small> var. ''ensiformis'' <small>(L.) Benth.</small> * ''C. virosa'' <small>W.A.A.</small> * ''Dolichos ensiformis'' <small>L.</small> }} [[File :Canavalia ensiformis MHNT.BOT.2013.22.55.jpg|jmpl|''Canavalia ensiformis'']] '''Kacang parang'''; ''k. prasman'' (''Canavalia ensiformis'') nyaéta hiji tutuwuhan anu asalna tina kulawarga [[Fabaceae]] . Kaasup kana jinis [[polong-polongan]] anu dipelak pikeun kaperluan dahareun sapopoé [[pangan]]. Sikina loba mibanda protéin , tapi masih kénéh sahandapeun [[kadelé]].<ref name=Sayur>{{aut|Sastrapradja, Setijati; Lubis, Siti Harti Aminah; Djajasukma, Eddy; Soetarno, Hadi; Lubis, Ischak}} (1981). ''Proyek Penelitian Potensi Sumber Daya Ekonomi:Sayur-Sayuran'' '''6''':46{{spaced ndash}}47. [[Jakarta]]: [[LIPI]] bekerja sama dengan Balai Pustaka. [[OCLC]] [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/66307472 66307472].</ref> ==Ngaran séjén == Di [[Indonésia]], kacang parang dipikawanoh ngarana ''kara kaji'' ([[Basa Indonesia|Indonésia]]),<ref name=Sayur/> ''kacang parang'' ([[Basa Melayu|Melayu]]), ''kara bědog'', ''k. měkah'', ''k. prasman'' ([[Bahasa Sunda|Sunda]]), ''kar. bĕnda'', ''koro bĕndo'', ''kor. pědang'', ''kara pědang'', ''krandhang'' ([[Bahasa Jawa|Jawa]]), ''kar. ortel'', dan juga ''kar. wedung'' ([[Bahasa Madura|Madura]]).<ref name=vlsm/><ref name=Prohati/> Aya anu nyebutkeun [[da gé]] tina [[siki]]na anu geus kolot, anu mana [[siki]] ieu kudu diasakan 2 kali anu butuh waktu sababaraha jam ari maksudna sangkan [[racun]]na palid.<ref name=Sayur/> Siki kacang parang ogé bisa diolah dijieun [[témpé]] non-kedelai.<ref name=Syarief1999>Syarief, R.; dkk (1999). ''Wacana Tempe Indonesia''. hal.4-7. [[Surabaya]]:Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala. ISBN 979-8142-16-0.</ref> == Ciri mandiri == Kacang parang tangkalna ngarungkun, ngarambat panjangna nepi ka 10 [[meter|m]].<ref name=Sayur/> Dimana mun geus kolot, tangkalna anu tadina hipu jadi neuasan/ngahasilkeun kai. Régangna bijil tina buku-buku anu di handap kénéh.<ref name=Prohati/> Kelir tangkalna héjo tur baruluan. [[Daun]]na aya cupatna, kalayan mibanda 3 lambar anak daun. [[Daun]] ieu kagolongkeun majemuk, gasal, selang-seling, puhuna bulenek, tungtungna rata, ukuran 7,5–15&nbsp;cm × 5–10&nbsp;cm, tulangna melengkung, buluan, kelirna héjo. [[Kembang]] wujudna kawas [[kukupu]], kelir beureum ngora nepika sakapeung semu bodas. Kacang parang kembangna majemuk, bijil tina kélék daun (deukeut cupat daun) , panjang 7,5-20 [[séntimeter|cm]], mahkota kembang kawas kukupu, kelirna bungur /wungu, ari panjangna 2–4&nbsp;cm. [[Buah]]na wujud polong. Sikina lonyod, kelirna gading semu bodas, hilum coklat panjangna 6–9&nbsp;mm. Unggal polong eusina 20 [[siki]]. Panjang sikina ± 2,5&nbsp;cm. [[Akar]]na tunggang, kelirna bodas kotor.<ref name=vlsm/><ref name=Prohati/><ref name=Sayur/> == Ékologi jeung sebaran== Tempat asal kacang parang téh ti [[Amerika Kidul]] jeung [[Amerika Tengah|Tengah]]. Di [[Amerika Serikat]] bagian kidul, geus dibudidayakeun ti mangsa zaman [[pra-sejarah]]. Geus aya buktina yén di [[Meksiko]] ieu tutuwuhan dibudidayakeun tisaprak 3000 [[Saméméh Maséhi|SM]]. Di [[Pulo Jawa]], tutuwuhan ieu kapanggih di [[leuweung]]-leuweung di [[daérah]] landeuh nepika tonggoh 1000 [[mdpl]]. Remen dipelak [[masyarakat]] pikeun bahan pangan tambahan .<ref name=Sayur/><ref name=e-proseadetail>{{aut|Chee, Y.K.; Hacker, J.B.; Ramirez, L.; Chen, C.P.}} (1992). "''Canavalia ensiformis''" In: {{aut|Mannetje, L.'t; Jones, R.M. (Editor)}}. ''Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 4: Forages''. [[Belanda]]:Pudoc, Wageningen. hal. 74-77 <u>dalam</u> {{cite web |title=''Canavalia ensiformis'' (L.) DC. |url=http://proseanet.org/prosea/e-prosea_detail.php?frt=&id=1852 |work=E-Prosea Detail |accessdate=19 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610222644/http://proseanet.org/prosea/e-prosea_detail.php?frt=&id=1852 |archivedate=10 June 2015 }}</ref> [[Bengkulu]] ogé aya poténsi pikeun usaha budi daya ieu Tutuwuhan, lantaran aya dina palebah cuaca jeung iklim anu merenah sarta nonggoh tempatna dina 2.500 méter tina beungeut cai laut kalayan suhu 26,3 darajat [[Celcius]].<ref name=kompas>{{cite news|title=Bengkulu Cocok untuk Koro Pedang|author={{Aut|Primus, Josephus}}|work=[[Kompas]]|date=28 Juli 2010|url=http://regional.kompas.com/read/2010/07/28/20571469/Bengkulu.Cocok.untuk.Koro.Pedang|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref> Kacang parang tumbuh di dua [[hemisfer]].<ref name=fao>{{cite web |title=''Canavalia ensiformis'' (L.) DC |url=http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/Gbase/data/pf000012.htm |work=[[FAO]] |accessdate=19 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124064914/http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/Gbase/data/pf000012.htm |archivedate=24 November 2017 }}</ref> Tapi sanajan kitu, [[Karel Heyne]] ngutip kana [[Cornelis Andries Backer|Backer]] anu nyebutkeun yén kacang parang hirup di palebah 2000 [[mdpl]]. Remen ngahaja dipelakeun aya ogé anu hirup liar, ceuk Backer sakumaha anu dikutip Heyne.<ref name=Heyne/> Numutkeun [[PROSEA]], tutuwuhan ieu aya nepi ka palebah 1800 mdpl. Ngan taneuh anu kagaringan, sarta mikabutuh ci hujan kurang leuwih 700-2400 [[milimeter|mm]]. Tutuwuhan ieu mikabutuh cahaya panonpoé sanajan kitu masih kénéh bisa hirup di handapuen tangkal séjén atawa anu kahieuman. Taneuh subur atawa taneuh haseum, ieu tutuwuhan tetep hirup kalawan subur. Teupati kapangaruhan ku cai naneum ogé [[salinitas]] dibandingkeun jeung [[polong]]-polongan séjén.<ref name=e-proseadetail/><ref name=Heyne>{{aut|[[Karel Heyne|Heyne, Karel]]}} (1916). ''[http://archive.org/stream/denuttigeplanten02heyn#page/330/mode/2up De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië] [Tumbuhan berguna dari Hindia Belanda]''. '''II''':330{{spaced ndash}}331. [[Batavia]]:Ruygrok & Co.</ref> == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|30em}} {{tumbuhan-stub}} [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan tropis ]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Indonésia ]] [[Kategori:Sayuran]] tfwp48tg0cc8s559zzx1n1ejoga1euo Kabupatén Simalungun 0 101856 729083 698157 2026-09-26T12:06:35Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729083 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kabupatén Simalungun''' nyaéta [[kabupatén]] nu aya di [[Sumatra Kalér|Sumatera Kalér]], katelahna [[kabupatén]] pangluasna katilu sanggeus [[Kabupatén Mandailing Natal]] jeung [[Kabupatén Langkat]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://simalungunkab.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/10d4ab5459579e209089838f/kabupaten-simalungun-dalam-angka-2020.html|title=BPS Kabupaten Simalungun|website=simalungunkab.bps.go.id|accessdate=2021-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714065919/https://simalungunkab.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/10d4ab5459579e209089838f/kabupaten-simalungun-dalam-angka-2020.html|archivedate=2022-07-14}}</ref> Luas wewengkon Kabupatén Simalungun nyaéta 4.372,5 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=":0" /> Kabupatén Simalungun disusun ku 32 [[kacamatan]] kalawan [[Kacamatan]] [[Hatonduhan, Simalungun|Hatonduhan]] minangka [[kacamatan]] pangluasna.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=”Sit”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=h5HHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA97&dq=Kabupaten+Padang+Lawas&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiT-6DLg8aHAxUkSGwGHdKcBZoQ6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=Kabupaten%20Padang%20Lawas&f=false| title =Asal-Usul, Silsilah dan Tradisi Budaya BatakSitumorang, M.A., M.Th.| last =Situmorang, M.A., M.Th.| first =Pdt. Dr. Jonar | publisher =Penerbit Andi| location =Jakarta| year =2023|ISBN=9786238806614|pages =97}} Disungsi 27Juli 2024</ref> == Géografi == Kabupatén Simalungun kawilang wewengkon nu kacida stratégisna sarta aya di kawasan wisata [[Danau Toba]] - Parapat.<ref name=":0" /> Iwal ti [[Kacamatan]] [[Hatonduhan, Simalungun|Hatonduhan]] minangka [[kacamatan]] pangluasna, [[kacamatan]] pangleutikna nyaéta [[Haranggaol Horison, Simalungun|Haranggaol Horison]] kalawan rata-rata jarak ka [[puseur dayeuh]] [[kabupatén]] nyaéta 30 km.<ref name=":0" /> Titik pangjauhna nyaéta [[Kacamatan]] [[Silou Kahean, Simalungun|Silou Kahéan]] nyaéta 127 km jeung [[Kacamatan]] [[Ujung Padang, Simalungun|Ujung Pandang]] 113 km.<ref name=":0" /> === Wates Wewengkon[https://sippa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/sippa_online/ws_file/dokumen_usulan/perda_rtrw/PERDARTRW_12-09-2012.pdf]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} === {{Wates KWKK|kulon=[[Kabupatén Karo]]|kalér=[[Kabupatén Serdang Bedagai]] jeung [[Kabupatén Déli Serdang]]|wétan=[[Kabupatén Asahan]] jeung [[Kabupatén Batu Bara]]|kidul=[[Kabupatén Toba Samosir]] jeung [[Kabupatén Samosir]]|Tengah=[[Kota Pematangsiantar]]}} == Pamaréntahan == === [[Kacamatan]] === [[Gambar:(Peta Wilayah) Kabupaten Simalungun.svg|jmpl|455x455px|Peta wewengkon Kabupatén Simalungun]] Kabupatén Simalungun kawengku ku 32 [[kacamatan]] nyaéta:[https://sippa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/sippa_online/ws_file/dokumen_usulan/perda_rtrw/PERDARTRW_12-09-2012.pdf]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://jdihn.go.id/search/daerah/detail/933450|title=Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional|website=jdihn.go.id|accessdate=2021-03-04}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !No ![[Kacamatan]] !No ![[Kacamatan]] !No ![[Kacamatan]] |- |1 |[[Silimakuta, Simalungun|Silimakuta]] |12 |[[Jorlang Hataran, Simalungun|Jorlang Hataran]] |23 |[[Gunung Maligas, Simalungun|Gunung Malingas]] |- |2 |[[Pamatang Silima Huta, Simalungun|Pamatang Silimahuta]] |13 |[[Panei, Simalungun|Panei]] |24 |[[Huta Bayu Raja, Simalungun|Huta Bayu Raja]] |- |3 |[[Purba, Simalungun|Purba]] |14 |[[Panombeian Pane, Simalungun|Panombeian Panei]] |25 |[[Jawa Maraja Bah Jambi, Simalungun|Jawa Maraja Bah Jambi]] |- |4 |[[Haranggaol Horison, Simalungun|Haranggaol Horison]] |15 |[[Raya, Simalungun|Raya]] |26 |[[Pematang Bandar, Simalungun|Pematang Bandar]] |- |5 |[[Dolok Pardamean, Simalungun|Dolok Pardamean]] |16 |[[Dolok Silau, Simalungun|Dolok Silau]] |27 |[[Bandar Huluan, Simalungun|Bandar Huluan]] |- |6 |[[Sidamanik, Simalungun|Sidamanik]] |17 |[[Silou Kahean, Simalungun|Silau Kahean]] |28 |[[Bandar, Simalungun|Bandar]] |- |7 |[[Pematang Sidamanik, Simalungun|Pematang Sidamanik]] |18 |[[Raya Kahean, Simalungun|Raya Kahean]] |29 |[[Bandar Masilam, Simalungun|Bandar Masilam]] |- |8 |[[Girsang Sipangan Bolon, Simalungun|Girsang Sipangan Bolon]] |19 |[[Tapian Dolok, Simalungun|Tapian Dolok]] |30 |[[Bosar Maligas, Simalungun|Bosar Maligas]] |- |9 |[[Tanah Jawa, Simalungun|Tanah Jawa]] |20 |[[Dolok Batu Nanggar, Simalungun|Dolok Batu Nanggar]] |31 |[[Ujung Padang, Simalungun|Ujung Pandang]] |- |10 |[[Hatonduhan, Simalungun|Hatonduhan]] |21 |[[Siantar, Simalungun|Siantar]] |32 |[[Dolog Masagal, Simalungun|Dolog Masagal]]<ref name=":1" /> |- |11 |[[Dolok Panribuan, Simalungun|Dolok Panribuan]] |22 |[[Gunung Malela, Simalungun|Gunung Malela]] | | |} === Lambang === Dumasar kana Peraturan Daérah Kabupatén Simalungun Nomor 5 Tahun [[1960]], [[lambang]] Kabupatén Simalungun kawengku ku sababaraha simbol nyaéta:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.simalungunkab.go.id/id/arti-lambang|title=Arti Lambang|website=www.simalungunkab.go.id|accessdate=2021-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123133800/https://www.simalungunkab.go.id/id/arti-lambang|archivedate=2021-01-23}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !No !Lambang |- |1 |[[Lambang]] nu ngawangun [[taméng]] kabagi ku lima bagéan kalawan dasar lambang warna [[héjo]] |- |2 |Bagéan ti luhur lambang ngagambarkeun hiou suri-suri kalawan warna [[hideung]] nu boga ''suat'' [[bodas]]. Dina hiou suri-suri bagéan luhur ditulis ngaran wewengkon Simalungun kalawan tulisan [[bodas]]. |- |3 |Bagéan [[kénca]] [[luhur]] jeung [[katuhu]] handap boga dasar warna [[beureum kolot]]. |- |4 |Bagéan [[kénca]] [[handap]] jeung [[katuhu]] luhur boga dasar warna [[bodas]]. |- |5 |Bagéan [[tengah]] boga dasar warna [[emas]]. |- |6 |Gambar di bagéan [[kénca]] [[handap]] nyaéta paré kalawan 17 siki, warna [[emas]]. |- |7 |Gambar di bagéan [[kénca]] [[luhur]] nyaéta daun [[entéh]] kalawan jumlah 8 lambar warna [[héjo]]. |- |8 |Gambar di [[katuhu]] luhur nyaéta [[Bukit Barisan]] nu boga 4 puncak anu dua puncak di tengah leuwih luhur lamun dibandingkeun jeung dua puncak katuhu kéncana kalawan warna [[bulao]]. Dihandapna aya gelombang [[sétu]] opat baris warna [[bulao kayas]]. |- |9 |Gambar di [[katuhu]] handap nyaéta kembang kapas 5 pucuk warna [[bodas]] jeung kuncup kembangna [[héjo]]. |- |10 |Gambar di bagéan tengah nyaéta imah balai adat kawan susun galang 10, tangga 7, jerjak 8 sabeulah, tihang 4, sudut hateup lima jeung dina rabung luhur aya gambar hulu kebo kalawan dasar warna hateup hideung jeung galangna bodas. |- |11 |Gurat wates - wates ku warna hideung jeung beulah luar taméng bagéan sisi hiou suri-suri ditambahan ku gurat bodas. |- |12 |Pita di bagéan handap taméng warna bodas sisina warna hideung boga tulisan semboyan lambang. |- |13 |Semboyan lambang HABONARON DO BONA dina basa Simalungun nyaéta kahadéan téh inti. |- !No !Harti Lambang |- |1 |Lambang taméng ngagambarkeun kakuatan jeung pertahanan ngabéla wewengkon jeung nagara. |- |2 |Wilangan - wilangan di bagéan lambang nyaéta simbolik nu ngagambarkeun kasetiaan ka Nagara RI. |- |3 |Paré jeung Kapas minangka kabutuhan pokok pikeun ngahontal kamakmuran jeung kaadilan. |- |4 |Daun entéh nyaéta hasil utama ti wewengkon Simalungun. |- |5 |Gunung jeung Sétu minangka gambaran kaéndahan alam. |- |6 |Gelombang setu minangka gambaran dinamika masarakat. |- |7 |Imah Balai nyaéta spesifik wewengkon nu ngagambarkeun adat kabudayaan jeung kasenian. |} == Sumber == <references /> [[Kategori:Dayeuh]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén]] lyt1u858iiovdeouy9b5jnpdbx0zxe9 Kabupatén Pidie 0 101918 729078 659111 2026-09-26T12:04:42Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kabupatén Pidie''' nyaéta [[kabupatén]] nu asup ka wewengkon [[Acéh|propinsi Acéh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Permendagri No. 72 Tahun 2019|url=http://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019|date=2019-10-25|last=Kementerian Dalam Negeri Indonesia}}</ref> Puseur dayeuh Kabupatén Pidie nyaéta Sigli.<ref name=":0" /> {{Kotakinfo Kabupatén Pidie}} == Sajarah == === Kahirupan Mangsa Pedir / Poli === Numutkeun M. Junus Jamil dina bukuna "Silsilah Tawarick Radja-Radja Kerajaan Acéh" nyebatkeun ogé ngeunaan sajarah Nagara Pidie / Sjahir Poli.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://pidiekab.go.id/2019/01/pahlawan-pidie/|title=PAHLAWAN PIDIE|website=Pemerintah Kabupaten Pidie|language=id-ID|accessdate=2021-03-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416182118/http://pidiekab.go.id/2019/01/pahlawan-pidie/|archivedate=2021-04-16}}</ref> [[Karajaan]] ieu digambarkeun minangka dataran handap nu luas kalawan taneuhna nu subur, nepi ka kahirupan di sakuliah nagara makmur.<ref name=":1" /> Wates karajaana sorangan ngawengku:<ref name=":1" /> # Beulah wétan nyaéta [[Samudera Pasai|Karajaan Samudra / Pasai]] # Beulah kulon nyaéta [[Acéh Darussalam|Karajaan Acéh Darussalam]] # Beulah kidul nyaéta pagunungan # Beulah kalér nyaéta [[selat Malaka]]<ref name=":1" /> Dina kisah lalayaran bangsa [[Portugis]], maranéhna nyebut Pidie téh Pedir.<ref name=":1" /> Sedengkeun dina kisah lalayaran bangsa [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]] nyebut Pidie téh '''Poli'''.<ref name=":1" /> Asumsi mangsa harita nyaéta urang [[Tiongkok]] teu bisa nyebutkeun kecap Pidie sakumaha urang nyebutkeun.<ref name=":1" /> Dina catetan [[Tiongkok]] disebutkeun yén Karajaan Pedir luasna 100 x 200 mil atawa 50 poé lamun lalampahan ti wétan ka kulon jeung 20 poé lamun lalampahan ti kalér ka kidul.<ref name=":1" /> Dina buku ogé disebutkeun yén séké sélér nu nempatan karajaan éta nyaéta asalna ti '''Mon Khmer''' nu datangnna ti [[Asia Kidul Wétan|Asia Tenggara]] nyaéta ti nagara [[Campa]].<ref name=":1" /> Séké sélér ieu datang ka Poli sababaraha abad saméméh maséhi.<ref name=":1" /> Rombongan ieu dipingpin ku '''Sjahir Pauling''' nu saterusna dipikawanoh ku '''Sjahir Poli'''.<ref name=":1" /> Maranéhna tuluy ngahiji jeung masarakat nu leuwih tiheula nempatan wewengkon éta.<ref name=":1" /> Sanggeus balabuh jeung netep di wewengkon éta, Sjahir Poli tuluy ngadegkeun karajaan nu dingaranan [[Karajaan Sama Indra]].<ref name=":1" /> Mangsa harita maranéhna masih ngagem ageman [[Buddha|Budha Mahayana]] atawa [[Himayana]] tuluy disebutkeun ti agama éta asup ogé pangaruh [[Hindu]].<ref name=":1" /> Sanggeus éta [[Karajaan Sama Indra]] runtag jadi sababaraha karajaan leutik salasahijina [[Karajaan Indra Purwa]] ([[Lamuri]]) jadi [[Karajaan Indrapuri]], [[Indrapatra]], [[Indrapurwa]] jeung [[Indrajaya]] nu dipikawanoh minangka [[karajaan Panton Rie]] atawa [[Kantoli]] di [[Lhokseudu]].<ref name=":1" /> Mangsa harita [[Karajaan Sama Indra]] boga musuh [[Karajaan Indrapurba]] ([[Lamuri]]) di beulah kulon jeung [[karajaan Plak Plieng]] ([[karajaan Panca Warna]]) di belah wétan.<ref name=":1" /> Di abad ka-14 maséhi masarakat [[karajaan Sama Indra]] geus pindah ageman ti kawitna [[Hindu]] [[Buddha]] jadi [[Islam]] sanggeus karajaan diserang ku [[karajaan Acéh Darussalam]] nu dipingpin ku [[Sultan Mansyur Syah]] (1354 - 1408 M).<ref name=":1" /> Saterusna pangaruh [[Islam]] nu dibawa ku urang [[karajaan Acéh Darussalam]] terus ngagerus kayakinan ageman [[Hindu]] jeung [[Buddha]] di wewengkon éta.<ref name=":1" /> Nalika [[karajaan Sama Indra]] taluk ka [[karajaan Acéh Darussalam]], [[Sultan Mahmud II Alaiddin Johan Sjah]] ngangkat raja [[Husein Sjah]] minangka sultan ngora di nagara Sama Indra nu statusna otonom di handap [[karajaan Acéh Darussalam]].<ref name=":1" /> [[Karajaan Sama Indra]] tuluy ganti ngaran jadi [[Karajaan Pedir]] anu kalilaan jadi Pidie sakumaha nu dipikawanoh ayeuna.<ref name=":1" /> Sanajan minangka karajaan otonom, peran raja nagara Pidie bisa disebut penting pisan.<ref name=":1" /> Ieu dibuktikeun yén unggal kaputusan [[Majelis Mahkamah Rahayat Karajaan Acéh Darussalam]], sultan moal méré cap [[Geulanteu]] (stempel halilintar) saméméh meunang kasatujuan ti [[Laksamana Raja Maharaja Pidie]].<ref name=":1" /> Maharaja Pidie jeung [[Ulee Balang Syik]] di [[Karajaan Acéh Darussalam]] boga hak ngatur wewengkon kakawasaanna numutkeun putusan balé rahayat nagarana séwang-séwangan<ref name=":1" />. Prof. D. G. E Hall ti Inggris ngaliwatan bukuna "'''''A History of South East Asia'''''" ngagambarkeun Pidie minangka hiji nagara nu maju di ahir abad ka-15.<ref name=":1" /> Hal éta dumasar ana catetan urang [[Portugal]] Ludovico di [[Varthema]] nu kungsi datang ka Pidie di ahir abad ka-15.<ref name=":1" /> Dina catetan [[Varthema]] sakumaha disalin ku [[Muhammad Said]] (Pangarang Buku Acéh Sapanjang Abad) dina "Wajah [[Acéh]] dina Lintasan Sajarah" di abad éta Pedir masih disebut nagara Pedir nyaéta salasahiji nagara maju nu unggal tahun didatangan sakurang kurangna 18 nepi ka 20 kapal asing pikeun ngangkut [[lada]] nu saterusna diangkut ka [[Tiongkok]].<ref name=":1" /> Ti palabuan Pedir ogé diekspor [[menyan]] jeung [[sutra]] produksi masarakat Pidie dina jumlah nu loba.<ref name=":1" /> Sabab éta ogé, loba nu datang ti bangsa asing pikeun badagang ka palabuan Pedir.<ref name=":1" /> Hal éta nu ngalantarankeun ngaronjatna ékonomi warga palabuan mangsa harita. [[Varthema]] ngagambarkeun yén di jalan deukeut palabuan Pedir aya 500 urang nu bisa nukeur mata uang asing.<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>'''''“So extensive was it's trade, and so great the number of merchants resorting there, that one of it's street contain about 500 honderd moneychanger,”-Varthema'''''</blockquote>[[Vartema]] ku [[Muhammad Said]] disebutkeun sarua siga Snouck Horgronje sabab agemana [[Islam]] pikeun tujuan panalungtikan ngeunaan dunya [[Muslim]].<ref name=":1" /> Saméméh ka Pedir, manéhna ogé geus diajar élmu kaislaman di [[Mekkah]].<ref name=":1" /> Dina catetana Varthema nyebutkeun ahéng ka nagara Pedir mangsa harita sabab geus maké duit [[emas]], [[pérak]] jeung [[tambaga]] minangka alat jual jeung meuli, sarta aturan hukum nu geus jalan kalawan hadé nu disebutna "''Strict Administration of Justice''".<ref name=":1" /> Iwal ti éta Varthema ogé nuliskeun ngeunaan kapal-kapal pamayang gedé disebutna [[tongkang]] nu boga dua kamudi.<ref name=":1" /> Manéhna ogé nalungtik kalawan rinci ngeunaan kaahlian di widang [[industri]] rahayat Pedir nu geus bisa nyieun sanjata api.<ref name=":1" /> Dina riwayat [[Tiongkok]] disebutkeun yén taun 413 Maséhi, musafir [[Tiongkok]] Fa Hian ngadatangan Yeep Po Ti jeung singgah di Poli.<ref name=":1" /> Fa hian nyebutkeun yén Poli téh nagara makmur, rajana boga kendaraan [[gajah]], boga pakéan [[sutra]] kalawan mahkota [[emas]].<ref name=":1" /> Pikeun ngajalin hubungan diplomatik jeung [[Tiongkok]], Raja Poli di taun 518 maséhi ngirimkeun utusana ka [[Tiongkok]].<ref name=":1" /> Hubungan ieu terus lumangsung nepi ka taun 671 maséhi, '''I Tsing''' ti [[Tiongkok]] ngadatangan Poli.<ref name=":1" /> Disebutkeun dina catetan manéhna cicing di nagara éta salila lima taun jeung cicing di genep karajaan basisir [[Sumatra|Sumatera]] ngawitan ti [[Karajaan Lamuri]] ([[Acéh Besar]]), Poli (Pidie), [[Samudera Pasai|Samudra jeung Pasai]] ([[Acéh Kalér]]), [[Pereulak]] ([[Acéh Wétan]]) jeung Dangroian.<ref name=":1" /> Poli minangka Pidie mangsa kiwari numutkeun H. M. Zainuddin dina bukuna "Tarikh Acéh jeung Nusantara" disebutkeun ku ahli sajarawan kuno Winster minangka hiji nagara nu makmur jeung jaya.<ref name=":1" /> Numutkeun manéhna sanggeus [[Karajaan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]] jeung [[Samudera Pasai|Pasai]], Poli minangka bandar palabuan nu kawéntar, Palabuan Poli disebut boga bentuk genting atawa ku H. M. Zainuddi disebutna muhara nu ayeuna dipikawanoh ku [[Kuala Batee, Acéh Kidul Kulon|Kuala Batee]].<ref name=":1" /> Numutkeun Varthema sumber Portugis nyebutkeun yén [[Sultan Ma'ruf Syah Raja Pidie]] (Pedir, Sjir, Duli) kungsi ngaéréh Acéh Besar di taun 1479.<ref name=":1" /> Mangsa harita diangkat dua wawakil ti Acéh nu hiji di Acéh sedengkeun nu hiji deui di Daya.<ref name=":1" /> Mimitina Pidie diéléhkeun ku Raja Acéh Besar jeung di éréh ku Wali Nagara (Gubernur) di Pidie nyaéta Raja Ali jeung adina Ibrahim.<ref name=":1" /> Tuluy Raja Ibrahim nu jadi Wali Nagara Raja Acéh di Pidie.<ref name=":1" /> Kalawan paréntah lanceukna, nyerbu bénténg [[Portugis]] nu karek pisan diwangun di [[Kuala Gigieng]].<ref name=":1" /> Carita séjén nyebutkeun yén [[Kuta Asan]] Pidie nyaéta urut dayeuh nu diwangun ku [[Portugis]].<ref name=":1" /> Saterusna kalawan sanjata nu dicokot ti [[Portugis]], Raja Pidie nyerang Raja Acéh Besar taun 1514 kalawan [[Sultan Salahuddin Ibnu Muzzaffar Syah]] diturunkeun ti tahta.<ref name=":1" /> Raja Ali naék jadi raja kalawan gelar Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah jeung adina Raja Ibrahim jadi Laksamana.<ref name=":1" /> === Aspek Sosial Ekonomi === Kahirupan mangsa harita nyaéta tatanén kalawan panén lumangsung dua kali sataun.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Daerah Propinsi Daerah Istimewa ACEH|first=Pencatatan Kebudayaan Daerah|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan|year=1977|location=Jakarta|last=Proyek Penelitian dan}}</ref> Disebutkeun ogé nagara ieu subur dibuktikeun ku tumuwuhna tangkal kayu nu héjo.<ref name=":2" /> Nagara ieu ngahasilkeun ogé jenis batu mulia nu ku urang [[Tiongkok]] disebut ku istilah [[kampara]].<ref name=":2" /> Laut di nagara Poli loba ngahasilkeun jenis [[kerang]] jeung [[lauk]].<ref name=":2" /> Hasil istiméwa nu kungsi dibawa ka [[Tiongkok]] nyaéta [[Béo|manuk béo]] nu dingaranan manuk Siri (''gracula religiosa'').<ref name=":2" /> Pasar dibuka nepi ka peuting jeung jalan di nagara ieu luas jeung bersih.<ref name=":2" /> Papakéan nu dipaké rahayatna nyaéta kupa ([[kapas]]) kalawan pakéan nu alus disebut ''t'iek''.<ref name=":2" /> Ti jenis upeti nu dikirim ka nagara [[Tiongkok]] ku raja Poli kalawan ngaran Pin-ka di taun 523 dipikawanoh ogé hasil séjén ti Poli nyaéta [[Ékék|manuk kakatua bodas]], parabot imah ti [[gelas]], pakéan [[katun]], [[cangkir]] nu dijieun ti [[karang laut]], [[minyak seungit]], [[obat]] jeung sajabana.<ref name=":2" /> == Géografi == === Luas jeung Wates Wewengkon === Luas wewengkon Kabupatén Pidie nyaéta 3.567,14 km<sup>2</sup>. Kalawan wates wilayahna sakumaha ieu di handap:<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://pidiekab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/ddf4b505ce2160e2b4f6487f/kabupaten-pidie-dalam-angka-2021.html|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=pidiekab.bps.go.id|accessdate=2021-03-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802203641/https://pidiekab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/ddf4b505ce2160e2b4f6487f/kabupaten-pidie-dalam-angka-2021.html|archivedate=2021-08-02}}</ref> {{Wates KWKK|kalér=[[Selat Malaka]]|wétan=[[Kabupatén Pidie Jaya]] jeung [[Kabupatén Bireuen]]|kidul=[[Kabupatén Acéh Kulon]] jeung [[Kabupatén Acéh Jaya]]|kulon=[[Kabupatén Acéh Besar]]}} === Kacamatan === [[Kacamatan]] di Kabupatén Pidie nyaéta 23 [[kacamatan]] kalawan daptarna sakumaha ieu di handap:<ref name=":3" /> {| class="wikitable" !No !Kacamatan !Luas Area (km<sup>2</sup>) |- |1 |[[Geumpang, Pidie|Geumpang]] |657,07 |- |2 |[[Mane, Pidie|Mane]] |675,04 |- |3 |[[Glumpang Tiga]] |54,84 |- |4 |[[Glumpang Baro, Pidie|Glumpang Baro]] |12,12 |- |5 |[[Mutiara, Pidie|Mutiara]] |16,75 |- |6 |[[Mutiara Wétan, Pidie|Mutiara Wétan]] |31,24 |- |7 |[[Tiro/Truseb, Pidie|Tiro/Truseb]] |174,69 |- |8 |[[Tangse, Pidie|Tangse]] |786,58 |- |9 |[[Keumala, Pidie|Keumala]] |49,30 |- |10 |[[Titeue, Pidie|Titeue]] |27,42 |- |11 |[[Sakti, Pidie|Sakti]] |38,52 |- |12 |[[Mila, Pidie|Mila]] |35,32 |- |13 |[[Padang Tiji, Pidie|Padang Tiji]] |257,59 |- |14 |[[Delima, Pidie|Delima]] |24,99 |- |15 |[[Grong-Grong, Pidie|Grong-Grong]] |7,77 |- |16 |[[Indra Jaya, Pidie|Indrajaya]] |25,41 |- |17 |[[Peukan Baro, Pidie|Peukan Baro]] |17,29 |- |18 |[[Kembang Tanjong, Pidie|Kembang Tanjong]] |28,87 |- |19 |[[Simpang Tiga, Pidie|Simpang Tiga]] |24,86 |- |20 |[[Kota Sigli, Pidie|Kota Sigli]] |6,56 |- |21 |[[Pidie, Pidie|Pidie]] |26,09 |- |22 |[[Batee, Pidie|Batee]] |46,11 |- |23 |[[Muara Tiga, Pidie|Muara Tiga]] |160,03 |} == Sumber == {{reflist|2}} {{Acéh}} {{Pidie}} [[Kategori:Dayeuh]] [[Kategori:Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Acéh]] 9ishytdzu0kbfz3ky4r7xwqm60xw73j Kartu Mémori 0 102133 729169 672132 2026-09-26T13:01:52Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Sony toughcard notch less design.jpg|jmpl|Ilustrasi pikeun Kartu Mémori]] '''Kartu mémori''' mangrupa [[pakakas]] keur neundeun rupa-rupa [[data]] dina ''[[Telepon keupeul|handphone]]'' atawa [[komputer]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kingston.com/unitedstates/id/solutions/personal-storage/choose-the-right-memory-card|title=Cara Memilih Kartu Memori yang Tepat untuk Penggunaan Anda|website=Kingston Technology Company|language=id-US|accessdate=2021-04-25}}</ref>. [[Data]] anu dimaksud bisa [[foto]], [[video]], [[musik]], atawa [[Klasifikasi dokumén|dokumén]] lianna<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://today.line.me/id/v2/article/2MxaQe|title=Semua Hal yang Perlu Kamu Ketahui tentang SD Card {{!}} id.techinasia.com|last=id.techinasia.com|website=LINE TODAY|language=id|accessdate=2021-04-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425144956/https://today.line.me/id/v2/article/2MxaQe|archivedate=2021-04-25}}</ref>. Kartu mémori digunakeun keur nyumponan pangabutuh [[digital]], sangkan miboga kapasitas anu lob waktu neundeun [[data]] anu dianggap penting<ref name=":0" />. == Papasingan == Aya rupa-rupa jenis kartu mémori, di antarana: ===== Secure Digital (SD) ===== Kartu ''[[secure digital]]'' atawa disingget jadi [[kartu SD]] mimiti diwanohkeun ku perusahaan [[SanDisk]], [[Panasonic|Panasonic,]] jeung [[Toshiba]] di taun [[1999]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pricebook.co.id/article/serba_serbi/2017/10/17/7586/sejarah-kartu-memori-untuk-hp-dan-kamera|title=Sejarah dan Evolusi Kartu Memori untuk Hp dan Kamera|website=Pricebook|language=id|accessdate=2021-04-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425144957/https://www.pricebook.co.id/article/serba_serbi/2017/10/17/7586/sejarah-kartu-memori-untuk-hp-dan-kamera|archivedate=2021-04-25}}</ref>. Tilu [[perusahaan]] éta gawé bareng pikeun netepkeun standar kartu SD pikeun sakabéh [[industri]]<ref name=":1" />. [[Kartu SD]] miboga ukuran 42.0 x 32.0 x 2.1 mm. Biaya pikeun industrina kawilang murah. Ieu kartu miboga kapasitas 2 GB, sarta proses transfer [[data]] masih kénéh teu gancang<ref name=":1" />. ===== Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC) ===== [[Asosiasi kartu mémori]] nyieun [[inovasi]] di taun [[2006]], ku cara medalkeun ''[[Secure Digital High Capacity]]'' atawa bisa disingget SDHC<ref name=":1" />. Ieu kartu miboga kapasitas 32 GB jeung proses transfer datana leuwih alus disbanding [[kartu SD]]<ref name=":1" />. ===== Secure Digital Extended Capacity (SDXC) ===== Kartu ''Secure Digital Extended Capacity'' atawa disingget jadi SDXC miboga kapasitas nyimpen data 2 TB, kalawan sistem exFAT<ref name=":1" />. Salian ti éta, kartu mémori miboga kakuatan transfer [[data]] nepi ka 312 MB/detik ngagunakeun UHS-II. ===== Kartu MicroSD / MicroSDHC / MicroSDXC ===== Ieu kartu miboga ukuran anu leuwih leutik<ref name=":1" />. Ieu kartu bisa digunakeun pikeun ngarojong pakakas mémori dina ''[[handphone]]''<ref name=":1" />. [[Perusahaan]] anu mimiti mekarkeun ieu kartu nyaéta [[SanDisk]], tuluy dijieunkeun standarisasina ku [[asosiasi kartu mémori]] di taun [[2005]]<ref name=":1" />. Mimiti medal, kartu microSD miboga kapasitas maksimal 2 GB. Ieu produk tuluy mekar nepi ka bisa nyimpen [[data]] 32 GB<ref name=":1" />. Ukuran MicroSD nyaéta 11.0 x 15.00 x 1.00 mm<ref name=":1" />. ===== Mémori ''Stick'' ===== Memory ''stick'' mimiti diproduksi ku [[perusahaan]] [[Sony]], anu digunakeun pikeun [[Kaméra|kaméra digital]], ''[[camcorder]]'', [[komputer]], jeung [[PlayStation Portable]]<ref name=":1" />. Ieu [[produk]] tuluy [[Panalungtikan|ditalungtik]] jeung diropéa nepi ka taun [[2003]] anu ngahasilkeun [[produk]] mémori Stick PRO<ref name=":1" />. Ukuran tina mémori Stick 50.0 x 21.5 x 2.8 mm. Harga anu dijual ku perusahaan [[Sony]] kawilang mahal, anu ngalantarankeun produkna kurang laku di [[masarakat]]<ref name=":1" />. ===== Mémori Stick Duo / PRO Duo / PRO-HG Duo Cards ===== Ieu kartu masih kénéh diproduksi ku perusahaan [[Sony]]<ref name=":1" />. Mémori Stick Duo mangrupa hasil ngaropéa tina mémori Stick saméméhna. Ukuranana leuwih leutik, nyaéta 20.0 x 31.0 x 1.6 mm<ref name=":1" />. Hargana masih kénéh [[mahal]], sarta minatna ogé masih kurang di [[masarakat]]<ref name=":1" /> ===== Compact Flash Type I (CF-I) ===== Ieu mémori miboga tampilan anu weweg<ref name=":1" />. Compact Flash mimiti diwanohkeun ku [[SanDisk]] taun [[1994]]<ref name=":1" />. Ieu mémori dipaké ku sababaraha perusahaan [[kaméra]] kawas [[Nikon]] jeung [[Canon]]<ref name=":1" />. Ukuranana 42.8 x 36.4 x 3.3 mm<ref name=":1" />. Ukuran anu gedé, ngalantarankeun mémorina gancang ruksak<ref name=":1" />. ===== Compact Flash Type II (CF-II) ===== Compact Flash mindeng disebut “''microdrives''” atawa ''[[hardisk]]'' leutik. Ukuranana leuwih panjang disbanding Compact Flash CF-I, nyaéta 42.8 x 36.4 x 5 mm<ref name=":1" />. ===== CFast ===== Ieu kartu geus ngagunakeun [[téhnologi]] ATA<ref name=":1" />. Sistem transfer [[data]] leuwih gancang nyaéta 300 MB / detik<ref name=":1" />. ===== XQD ===== XQD diwanohkeun taun [[2010]] ku [[perusahaan]] [[SanDisk]], [[Sony]], jeung [[Nikon]]<ref name=":1" />. Ieu kartu mémori téh mangrupa vérsi panganyarna sakaligus anu jadi gaganti ti Compact Flash jeung CFast<ref name=":1" />. Ukuranana 38.5 x 29.6 x 3.8 mm<ref name=":1" />. Data anu ditransfer 2 GB / detik<ref name=":1" />. == Daftar Référénsi == <references /> [[Kategori:Téhnologi]] glqn4226oz72lfknzurgy6ggsllj8a0 Kangker prostat 0 102143 729133 712409 2026-09-26T12:45:45Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotakinfo Panyakit||Name=Kangker Prostat|ICD10={{ICD10|C|61||c|60}}|ICD9={{ICD9|185}}|Image=Prostatelead.jpg|Caption=|ICDO=|OMIM=176807|DiseasesDB=10780|MedlinePlus=000380|eMedicineSubj=radio|eMedicineTopic=574}} '''Kangker prostat''' nyaéta [[Kangker|kanker]] anu berkembang dina prostat, kelenjar dina sistem [[réproduksi]] [[lalaki]]. Jumlah kanker prostat béda-béda di unggal panjuru dunya, tapi jarang aya kajadian di [[Asia Wétan]] atawa Kidul, lolobana kajadian di [[Éropa]] jeung [[Amérika Sarikat|Amérika Serikat]]. Kangker prostat jarang tumerap ka lalaki di Asia, lolobana kajadian ka lalaki anu kulitna hideung, jeunf urang Éropa salaku panengahna. <ref>[http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_2_2X_What_causes_prostate_cancer_36.asp?sitearea= Overview: Prostate Cancer—What Causes Prostate Cancer?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060404065618/http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_2_2X_What_causes_prostate_cancer_36.asp?sitearea= |date=2006-04-04 }} American Cancer Society ([[2006-05-02]]). Retrieved on [[4007-04-05]]</ref> Dina awak anu kakeunaan ieu panyakit kapanggih rasio plasma [[vitamin B12]] anu nyirorot pisan[[Plasma getih|.]] <ref>{{En icon}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803818|title=Coexistence of pernicious anemia and prostate cancer - 'an experiment of nature' involving vitamin B12 modulation of prostate cancer growth and metabolism: a case report|website=Department of Nutrition and Neoplasia, Whittier Cancer Research Building; Glenn Tisman, Seth Kutik, dan Christa Rainville|accessdate=2010-12-10}}</ref> == Faktor résiko == Faktor anu bisa ningkatkeun kakeunaam kangker kanker prostat nyaéta umur, ras, riwayat kulawarga (turunan), [[hormon]], jeung pola dahar. Résiko tumerap kangker prostat téh ngaronjat keur jalma anu kulitna bodas kalayan umur leuwih ti 50 taun atawa lalaki kulit hideung anu umurna leuwih ti 40 taun. Étnis kulit hideung miboga résiko 1.6x leuwih luhur tibatan lalaki anu kulitna bodas. <ref name="tesis">[http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/31128/4/Chapter%20II.pdf Tinjauan Pustaka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104080858/http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/31128/4/Chapter%20II.pdf |date=2013-11-04 }}, Universitas Sumatra Utara.</ref> Lalaki anu kulawarga lalakina keuna ku kangker prostat (lanceuk, bapa, akina) miboga résiko leuwih langkung luhur katerap panyakit tibatan lalaki anu henteu boa riwayat di kulawargana. Faktor séjén anu bisa nyababkeun kangker prostat nyaéta parobahan hormon [[téstostéron]] jeung pola dahar anu loba teuing ngandung [[lemak]].<ref name="tesis"/> <ref name="dharmais">[http://www.dharmais.co.id/index.php/kanker-prostat.html Pasien dan Informasi Kanker: Kanker Prostat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006235855/http://www.dharmais.co.id/index.php/kanker-prostat.html |date=2022-10-06 }}, Dharmais Hospital - National Cancer Institute.</ref> Kadang agén kimia saperti [[Kadmium|Cadmium]] ogé kapanggih dina sél kangker prostat.<ref name="dharmais2">[http://www.dharmais.co.id/index.php/kanker-prostat.html Pasien dan Informasi Kanker: Kanker Prostat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006235855/http://www.dharmais.co.id/index.php/kanker-prostat.html |date=2022-10-06 }}, Dharmais Hospital - National Cancer Institute.</ref> == Ngungkulan == Sababaraha hal anu bisa dilakukeun keur ngungkulan prostat nyaéta ngajaga kaséhatan, ngajaga beurat awak, nginum cai hérang anu loba, ngurangan déprési, latihan olahraga rutin, jeung ngurangan konsumsi [[alkohol]], daging atawa gajih. <ref name="prodia">[http://prodia.co.id/penyakit-dan-diagnosa/kanker-prostat Kanker Prostat], Diakses pada 3 November 2013. Laboratorium Klinik Prodia.</ref> Keur ngubaran kangker prostat, aya sababaraha pilihan padika ngubaran anu bisa dilakukeun ku dokter di antarana kémoterapi, [[radiasi]], terapi [[hormon]], [[Sistim Operasi|operasi]], jeung ''reseksi transurethral'' tina prostat (TURP, digunakeun dina tahap awal ngubaran panyakit keur miceun jaringan anu ngahalangan saluran kemih). Pilihan ngubaran ieu panyakit beda-beda ti pasién ka pasién sabab éta dipangaruhan ku umur, kaayaan kaséhatan umum, kamekaran tumuwuhna kangker, manpaat jeung efek samping terapi. <ref name="dharmais"/> Terapi hormon digunakeun sangkan awak ngahasilkeun hormon [[Téstostéron|téstostéron,]] anu bisa ngarangsang mekarna sél kangker. Lian ti éta, kémoterapi umumna dipaké dina kasus kangker prostat anu sumebar kana bagian awak anu séjén nepi ka kamekaranana kudu diungkulan ku bahan kimia.<ref name="prodia2">[http://prodia.co.id/penyakit-dan-diagnosa/kanker-prostat Kanker Prostat], Diakses pada 3 November 2013. Laboratorium Klinik Prodia.</ref> == Penapisan == [[Gambar:Diagram_showing_prostate_cancer_pressing_on_the_urethra_CRUK_182.svg|jmpl| Diagram kangker prostat neken kana uretra, nyababkeun gejala kiih henteu lancar atawa radiasi.]] Penapisan kanker prostat mangrupa tarékah néangan kangker anu henteu disangka atawa [[asimtomatik]] jeung kudu disarungsum ku [[Biosistem|biopsi]] kalayan conto sél anu dicokot. Hal kahiji anu kudu dilakukeun nyaéta tés getih PSA (antigen spésipikasi spésifik), lamun positip kudu dilakukeun tés PSA sacara gratis, babandingan anu kadua bakal nangtukeun aya henteuna kangker, satuluyna dilakukeun ujian rektum digital atanapi DRE lamun diperelukeun. Sababaraha pamrograman kontroversial sareng di sababaraha jalma panginten henteu diperyogikeun, balukarna tiasa bahaya pikeun pasién. <ref name="PSA-20111012">{{Cite news|last=Marcione|first=Marilyn|title=Prostate testing's dark side: Men who were harmed|url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20111012/D9QAUS2O0.html|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=12 October 2011|access-date=2011-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630164855/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20111012/D9QAUS2O0.html|archive-date=2017-06-30}}</ref> Penapisan ngagunakeun DRE atawa PSA can bisa ngabuktikeun ngurangan tingkat tilar dunya tina ieu panyakit. <ref name="BMJ2010">{{Cite journal|last=Djulbegovic M, Beyth RJ, Neuberger MM, Stoffs TL, Vieweg J, Djulbegovic B, Dahm P|year=2010|title=Screening for prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials|journal=BMJ|volume=341|issue=|pages=c4543|doi=10.1136/bmj.c4543|pmc=2939952|pmid=20843937}}</ref> [[United States Preventive Services Task Force]] ( USPSTF ) nyarankeun tés PSA keur mikanyaho ayana kangker prostat atawa henteu. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Moyer VA, on behalf of the U.S. Preventive Services Task, Force|date=May 2012|title=Screening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=|issue=|doi=10.1059/0003-4819-157-2-201207170-00459|pmid=22615453}}</ref> Tina éta tés kapanggih mangpaat tibatan hal anu leuwih ngabahayakeun. <ref name="USPTF2012">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/prostatecancerscreening/prostatecancerscript.pdf|title=Talking With Your Patients About Screening for Prostate Cancer|website=|format=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601084819/http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/prostatecancerscreening/prostatecancerscript.pdf|archivedate=2012-06-01|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2012-07-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011150935/http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/prostatecancerscreening/prostatecancerscript.pdf |date=2014-10-11 }}</ref> <ref name="USPSTF-20111007">{{Cite journal|last=Chou R, Croswell JM, Dana T, Bougatsos C, Blazina I, Fu R, Gleitsmann K, Koenig HC, Lam C, Maltz A, Rugge JB, Lin K|date=December 2011|title=Screening for prostate cancer: a review of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force|url=http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf12/prostate/prostateart.htm|dead-url=yes|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=155|issue=11|pages=762–71|doi=10.1059/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00375|pmid=21984740|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818195415/http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf12/prostate/prostateart.htm|archive-date=2014-08-18|access-date=2015-03-09}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818195415/http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf12/prostate/prostateart.htm |date=2014-08-18 }}</ref> [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] satuju kana ieu kasimpulan. <ref name="CDC">[http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/Prostate/basic_info/screening.htm Prostate Cancer Screening] CDC, updated April 6, 2010</ref> Sanajan kitu, ieu cara teu kudu diturutan ku urang [[Indonésia]] anu résiko kakeunaan kangker prostatna leuwih leutik tibatan urang Amerika, tapi leuwih hadé, lalaki urang Indonésia dimimitian dina umur 55 taun ngalakukeun ''ultrasound prostat''. [[American Society of Clinical Oncology]] jeung [[American College of médis|American College of Medis]] nyarankeun yén penapisan henteu kudu dilakukeun keur jalma anu ngagaduhan umur 10 nepi ka 15 taun. <ref name="Qa2013">{{Cite journal|last=Qaseem A, Barry MJ, Denberg TD, Owens DK, Shekelle P|date=April 2013|title=Screening for Prostate Cancer: A Guidance Statement From the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-internal-medicine_2013-05-21_158_10/page/n70|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=158|issue=10|pages=761–9|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-158-10-201305210-00633|pmid=23567643}}</ref> Sacara umum, can bisa dipastikeun mangpaat tés PSA keur ngarojong pamariksaan kangker prostat, naha ngabahayakeun atawa mantuan diagnosa dokter anu leuwih akurat. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Basch E, Oliver TK, Vickers A, Thompson I, Kantoff P, Parnes H, Loblaw DA, Roth B, Williams J, Nam RK|date=Jul 16, 2012|title=Screening for Prostate Cancer With Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing: American Society of Clinical Oncology Provisional Clinical Opinion|url=http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/early/2012/07/16/JCO.2012.43.3441.full.pdf|journal=Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology|volume=30|issue=24|pages=3020–5|doi=10.1200/JCO.2012.43.3441|pmc=3776923|pmid=22802323|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309115540/http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/early/2012/07/16/JCO.2012.43.3441.full.pdf|archive-date=March 9, 2013|accessdate=April 28, 2021}}</ref> [[The American Urological Association]] (AUA 2013) nyadiakeun pituduh keur mikanyaho mangpaat pencegahan tilar dunya tina panyakit kangker prostat antara 1 dina unggal 1000 lalaki anu diubaran salila 10 taun kalayan bahaya anu dipikanyaho patali jeung uji diagnostik jeung pangobatan. AUA méré kamandang yén kaputusan penapisan jalma anu umur 55 nepi ka 69 taun kudu didasaran kaputusan babarengan antara dokter jeung pasién, lamun dilakukeun ulah leuwih ti 2 taun sakali. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/prostate-cancer-detection.cfm|title=EARLY DETECTION OF PROSTATE CANCER: AUA GUIDELINE|year=2013|website=American Urological Association|accessdate=10 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507095505/http://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/prostate-cancer-detection.cfm|archivedate=7 May 2013}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Kategori:Panyakit]] n7ovtfc6m4prhii8kglbj5t01u7qpz5 Kangker bayah 0 102173 729131 664157 2026-09-26T12:45:35Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotakinfo Panyakit|Name=Kanker paru-paru|Image=LungCACXR.PNG|Caption=Foto rontgen dada anu nyangkaruk tumor dina bayah (ditandaan ku arah)|DiseasesDB=7616|ICD10={{ICD10|C|33||c|30}}-{{ICD10|C|34||c|30}}|ICD9={{ICD9|162}}|ICDO=|OMIM=|MedlinePlus=007194|eMedicineSubj=med|eMedicineTopic=1333|eMedicine_mult={{eMedicine2|med|1336}} {{eMedicine2|emerg|335}} {{eMedicine2|radio|807}} {{eMedicine2|radio|405}}{{eMedicine2|radio|406}}|MeshID=D002283}} '''Kangker bayah''' mangrupa [[panyakit]] [[kangker]] anu asalna tina [[Organ (anatomi)|organ]] [[bayah]]. Anu kakeunaan ieu kangker téh biasana [[Manusa|jalma]] anu mindeng [[Roko|ngaroko]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://hellosehat.com/kanker/kanker-paru/pengertian-kanker-paru/|title=Kanker Paru: Gejala, Penyebab dan Cara Mengobati|last=Hapsari|first=Anissa|website=Hello Sehat|publisher=16-01-2020|language=id-ID|accessdate=2021-05-19}}</ref> Jalma anu teu ngaroko ogé bisa kakeunaan ieu panyakit kalayang faktor résiko tina gaya hirup, [[lingkungan]] jeung [[génétika]]. Tina gaya hirup nyaéta jadi ngaroko [[pasif]] jeung [[kadaharan]]. Mindeng pisan cicing atawa gaul di lingkungan jalma anu mindeng ngaroko jadi ancaman anu daria kakeunaan panyakit kangker bayah. Lian ti éta, konsumsi dahareun anu kurang [[séhat]] ogé jadi faktor panangtu. Mindeng ngadahar [[sayur]] jeung [[Buah|bungbuahan]] jadi kabiasan anu hadé keur ngurangan zat [[karsinogén]] tina haseup [[roko]], hartina bisa mantuan nu jadi ngaroko aktif jeung pasif sangkan teu keuna ieu kangker. Patali jeung faktor lingkungan [[gas radon]] miboga peran aktif ngabalukarkeun kangker bayah. Ieu gas teu boga [[warna]] jeung [[bau]] kawangun sacara alami tina maluguranana zat [[radioaktif]] saperti [[uranium]]. Gas radon asalna tina jero [[taneuh]], ngulibek dina bangunan [[imah]] anu can jadi atawa babatuan anu miboga radioaktif luhur. Gas radon anu dileupaskeun bakal asup ka jero imah tina lolongkrang bangunan imah. Ku kituna, jalma anu cicing dina ruangan handapeun taneuh atawa di imah lanté handap bisa kakeunaan gas radon anu ngabahayakeun. Faktor génétika mah biasana aya riwayat [[kulawarga]]na anu kakeunaan kangker bayah boh anu sok ngaroko atawa tara ngaroko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/artikel-penyakit/alasan-alasan-mereka-yang-bukan-perokok-bisa-terkena-kanker-paru-paru|title=Alasan-Alasan Mereka yang Bukan Perokok Bisa Terkena Kanker Paru-Paru|last=Aulia|website=Direktorat P2PTM|publisher=07-12-2016|language=id|accessdate=2021-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520005248/http://www.p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/artikel-penyakit/alasan-alasan-mereka-yang-bukan-perokok-bisa-terkena-kanker-paru-paru|archivedate=2021-05-20}}</ref> ==Wanda== *Kangker bayah karsinoma [[sél]] leutik, ieu kangker tumerap ka jalma anu mindeng pisan ngaroko dina sapopoéna kalayan bisa nyaliara kana sakabéh organ awak dina waktu anu sakeudeung. Ngan, ieu kangker jarang tumerap ka manusa lamun dibandingkeun jeung wanda anu lian. Ku kituna, sakali kakeunaan téh lolobana bakal langsung aya dina tingkatan anu parna pisan ti prosés diagnosis mula jeung hésé nyalametkeunana atawa stadium ahir. *Kangker bayah [[karsinoma]] lain sél leutik, ieu kangker sél-sélna leuwih badag tibatan wanda anu mimiti kalayan loba tumerap ka manusa anu sok ngaroko atawa anu tara ngaroko. Keur prosés ngubaranana bisa rada lila, sabab nyaliarana teu sagancang kangker karsinoma sél leutik. Wanda sél kangker karsinoma lain sél leutik ngawengku ''adenocarcinoma'', ''squamous cell carcinoma'', jeung ''large cell carcinoma''.<ref name=":0" /> ==Gejala== *Nyeri dina sabudeureun [[dada]]. *[[Batuk]] anu beuki lila beuki parna. *Pasualan sistem pernafasan. *Aya [[getih]] dina [[reuhak]] waktu kaluar sanggeus batuk anu asalna tina bayah. *[[Sora]] jadi serak. *Karasa kurang énak lamun ngeleg. *Beurat awak beuki lila beuki nyirorot. *Gancang ngarasa capé sanggeus ngalakukeun kagiatan atawa dina kaayaan rinéh. *Radang jeung mepetna saluran bayah. *Bareuhna [[kelenjar getah bening]] dina dada sabudeureun bayah. *Lamun ieu panyakit ngalaman [[komplikasi]] bisa karasa gejala eungap lamun ambekan, nyeri sakuliah [[awak]] anu kaliwat saking dina stadium ahir, aya cacai dina dada (efusi pleura), jeung kangker anu geus nyaliara kana [[organ]] awak anu lian (metastasis).<ref name=":0" /> ==Diagnosis== [[Gambar:Pancoast RX face.jpg|jmpl|Hasil X-Ray kangker bayah.]] *Rontgen dada, nyaéta diagnosis utama keur muguhkeun panyakit kangker bayah. [[Tumor]] dina bayah bakal katémbong dina [[sinar x]] kalawan warna [[bodas]] [[kulawu]]. *CT Scan, dilakukeun sanggeus x-ray. [[CT Scan]] ngagunakeun sinar x dina [[komputer]] keur meunangkeun gambar babagian awak anu jéntré. Lian ti éta, pamariksaan séjén ogé dibutuhkeun kawas [[MRI]] jeung [[PET Scan]]. *Biopsi jeung [[bronkoskopi]], nyaéta prosedur keur nempo saluran pernafasan belah jero jeung nyokot conto sél keur pamariksaan (biopsi). Lian ti éta, bisa nyocot jaringan kelenjar getah bening keur nangtukeun naha tumor atawa sél kangker bayah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sehatq.com/penyakit/kanker-paru|title=Kanker Paru {{!}} Tanda dan Gejala, Penyebab, Cara Mengobati, Cara Mencegah|last=Priandarini|first=Lucia|website=SehatQ|publisher=10-03-2021|language=id|accessdate=2021-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520051205/https://www.sehatq.com/penyakit/kanker-paru|archivedate=2021-05-20}}</ref> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Panyakit]] [[Kategori:Kaséhatan]] pumj002hk05bs001e9lj854igbcko7y Wetu Telu 0 102384 729353 704743 2026-09-27T02:23:57Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_Poera_Zinsar_TMnr_60012475.jpg|jmpl|300x300px| Pura Lingsar, Lombok Barat skira-kira taun 1920-an.]] '''Wetu Telu''' (''Waktu Tilu)'' nyaéta ajaran anu dilakukeun sabagian urang sélér [[Suku Sasak|Sasak]] anu cicing di [[Pulo Lombok]] ukur ngajalankeun tilu rukun [[Islam]] nyaéta maca dua kalimah [[sahadat]], [[solat]] jeung [[puasa]]. Tilu rukun Islam cukup dilaksanakeun ku [[kyai]] salaku pamingpin agama anu ngahubungkeun aranjeunna jeung [[Alloh|Allah]]. Maranéhna ogé percaya kana ayana roh suci para karuhun jeung kakuatan gaib anu aya dina rupa-rupa barang. <ref name=":5">https://journal.uii.ac.id/Millah/article/view/6054/5469</ref> Kaayan saperti kieu lumangsung ku sabab sumebarna agama Islam di [[Waktu|jaman]] baheula ka urang Sasak dilakukeun sacara bertahap. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://lombok.arjuna.web.id/id3/2431-2325/Islam-Wetu-Telu_26752_lombok-arjuna.html|title=Wetu Telu {{!}} BUKU ENSIKLOPEDIA DUNIA {{!}} Lombok - Arjuna|website=lombok.arjuna.web.id|accessdate=2019-03-21}}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Di Pulo Lombok, aya dua jinis Islam anu dipisahkeun sacara diamétris, nyaéta, Islam Wetu Telu jeung Islam Wetu Lima. Islam Wetu Telu bisa dikategorikeun salaku [[Tradisi|agama tradisional]], ari Islam Wetu Lima dikategorikeun salaku agama samawi. Aya ajén-inajén anu dipimilik ku Wetu Lima anu ogé diagem ku Wetu Telu. Pamakéan doa-doa dina basa Arab dicokot tina Al-Qur'an, kyai anu ngalaksanakeun peran imam, jeung [[Masigit|masjid]] mangrupa bagian penting tina kapercayaan Wetu Telu anu dicokot tina Islam sacara umum. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=Zuhdi|first=Muhammad Harfin|date=2012-10-24|title=ISLAM WETU TELU DI BAYAN LOMBOK|url=http://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/index.php/akademika/article/view/164|journal=AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=197–218|issn=2356-2420}}</ref> == Istilah == Wetu Telu miboga sababaraha harti. Mimiti, Wetu Telu hartina tilu cara [[baranahan]] mahluk hirup. Kadua, Wetu Telu hartina tilu sumber [[hukum]] dina Islam. Katilu, Wetu Telu hartina tilu tahapan kamekaran anu dialaman ku [[Manusa|manusa.]] Wetu Telu anu ngarujuk kana tilu cara baranahan mahluk hirup, nyaéta ngalahirkeun, ngendog, jeung mentiuk atawa siki. Wetu Telu aya hubunganana jeung tilu sumber hukum anu méh sarua jeung Islam sacara umum, nyaéta Al-Qur'an, [[Hadis|Al-Hadith]] jeung Ijma. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:olsRSFdPhOQJ:https://journal.uii.ac.id/Millah/article/view/5230/4669+&cd=1&hl=id&ct=clnk&gl=id|title=ISLAM SASAK: POLA KEBERAGAMAAN KOMUNITAS ISLAM LOKAL DI LOMBOK|website=webcache.googleusercontent.com|accessdate=2019-03-21}}</ref> Harti katilu Wetu Telu aya hubunganana jeung tilu tahapan anu kudu diliwatan ku manusa, nyaéta kalahiran, [[hirup]] jeung [[Paéh|maot]]. Ieu mangrupa dasar pikeun jalma anu taat kana kapercayaan Wetu Telu dina ngalaksanakeun sagala rupa upacara [[Adat|tradisional]]. Sacara umum, upacara adat Islam Wetu Telu bisa dibagi jadi dua, nyaéta ''Gawe Urip'' jeung ''Gawe Pati'' . ''Gawe Urip'' mangrupa upacara hirup, anu kaasup upacara nalika proses kalahiran jeung kahirupan. ''Gawe Pati'' mangrupa upacara anu dilaksanakeun waktu aya nu tilar dunya.<ref name=":12">Budiwanti, Erni, 2000, ''Islam Sasak: Wetu Telu Versus Waktu Lima'', LkiS,Jakarta</ref> == Sajarah == Istilah Wetu Telu diwanohkeun ka masarakat ku Dr. J. Van Ball ku jalan tulisan dina [[taun]] 1940 kalayan judul ''Alip Bayan Party'' (panarjamah: Koentjaraningrat). Pesta Alip mangrupa hiji [[acara]] [[tradisional]] anu keur lumangsung unggal dalapan taun sakali kalawan tujuan ngahormat ku ayana pakuburan karuhun Bayan di kompleks makam [[Masjid Kuno Bayan]]. Wetu Telu ogé sering disebut Sesepen anu asalna tina [[Kecap]] sesep atawa nyerep anu hartina [[Pangaweruh|ilmu]] atawa ajaran anu diajarkeun nepi ka tuntas. ''Sesepen'' sering disebut rusiah sabab henteu loba nu bisa ngarti sagemblengna. Saha waé anu siap jeung miboga pamikiran anu hadé diajarkeun jeung dibéré pamahaman awal, nepi ka bisa méré pamahaman anu lengkep keur generasi anu bakal datang. Dina awal-awal kamunculanana, Islam Wetu Telu lahir di tengah-tengah [[Tradisi]] masarakat tradisional (Sélér Sasak), tuluy dimekarkeun di masarakat global. [[Globalisasi]] ngawangun paradigma kahirupan anu leuwih modéren jeung matak ajaran karuhun anu tradisional geus mimiti ditinggalkeun. Sawangan anu ''katinggaleun jaman'' leuwih dominan ti batan kapercayaan kana kamajuan budaya sabab ngahargaan naon anu kahontal ku karuhun jaman baheula anu kudu dimumulé. Islam Wetu Telu miboga [[Filsafat|filosofi]] kahirupan, nyaéta ''Pantrang Mopohokeun Karuhun'' anu nepi ka kiwari bisa lumaku keur sakabéh generasi.<ref name=":12">Budiwanti, Erni, 2000, ''Islam Sasak: Wetu Telu Versus Waktu Lima'', LkiS,Jakarta</ref> == Lokasi == Lokasi ayana Wetu Telu di Lombok téh nyaéta daérah Bayan, anu perenahna di Kabupatén Lombok Kalér . <ref name=":6"/> Lemburna aya di beulah kalér Pulo Lombok, anu aya di Kacamatan Bayan, Kabupatén Lombok Kalér. [[Désa|Kalurahan]] kalayan [[Hujan|curah hujan]] 1.200-1.500&nbsp;mm kalawan [[Suhu|hiji]] suhu rata-rata 28-300C, éta tempat luhurna ngahontal 400-600 mdl kalawan aya di wewengkon [[Gunung|pagunungan]]. Lemburna aya 9 (salapan) dusun, nyaéta Dukuh Bayan Barat, Dukuh Bayan Wétan, Dukuh Padamangku, Dukuh Genit Terit, Dusun Tutul Dukuh, Dukuh Sembulan, Dukuh Mendala jeung Dukuh Lokok Aur. Wates daérah kampung béh kalér wawatesan jeung désa Anyar, kidul jeung [[leuweung]], gigireun wates [[kulon]] jeung Désa Senaru, di beulah [[Wétan|wétan]] deukeut jeung Désa Sambi Elen. Penduduk désa Bayan (dina 2010) nyaéta 47.705 jiwa nepi ka 12.470 [[Sirah|kapala]] kulawarga. == Pola ajaran == Sacara umum, jalma anu taat kana ajaran Wetuk Telu ngaku urang Islam . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://ulumuna.or.id/index.php/ujis/article/download/27/18|title=ISLAM WETU TELU|website=webcache.googleusercontent.com|accessdate=2019-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211163346/http://ulumuna.or.id/index.php/ujis/article/download/27/18|archivedate=2017-12-11}}</ref> Tapi henteu kungsi ngalakukeun kawajiban salaku [[muslim]]. Kawajiban ieu ukur dilaksanakeun ku kyai atawa [[guru]]. Ieu kaayaan nyababkeun pamahaman anyar pikeun masarakat Sasak, Kampung Bayan. Kadua pihak bakal nanggung résiko dina poé akhir. Ku sabab kitu, kyai anu nuturkeun Islam Wetu Telu miboga status [[sosial]] anu luhur, dihargaan, jeung dipikahormat ku masarakat [[lokal]]. Unggal paréntah anu diucapkeun kudu diturut jeung dilaksanakeun. Saha waé anu teu patuh atawa nyigeung kyai, musibah bakal datang ka anjeunna jeung sakabé anggota kulawargana. Aranjeunna bakal disilibkeun dina riungan banjar ([[agama]]) atawa dina [[upacara]] tradisional. Hukuman atawa sanksi anu geus tumiba bisa dihampura sanggeus upacara salametan dilaksanakeun. Ieu upacara miboga tujuan salaku panulak dosa ogé léngkah munggaran dina malikkeun kahadéan dina kahirupan sosial. Pikeun jalma anu lain kyai, teu boga kawajiban [[solat]] jeung [[puasa]]. Salaku tambahan, lamun hayang diajar maca Al-Qur'an diwajibkeun beresih jeung suci jauh tina [[najis]]. Jalma anu asalna tina kelompok yakin pisan yén bakal asup [[surga]], salila turut kana sagala paréntah kyai, saperti ngalakukeun hajat jeung méré zakat ka kyai. Dina ieu kapercayaan, maca Qur'an ngan ukur dilakukeun sawaktu-waktu, saperti dina bulan puasa jeung nalika aya anu tilar dunya. Sanggeus kitu, naskah Al-Qur'an jeung [[buku]] [[Hadis|-buku Hadits]] bakal diteundeun di hareupeun imah. Konsép ngamulyakeun Al-Qur'an jeung hadits téh lain dibaca jeung dipaké dina kahirupan sapopoé, tapi diteundeun dina tempat anu pangluhurna nyaéta dina para imah. Ukuran kasucian manusa dumasar kana sistem kapercayaan Islam Wetu Telu nyaéta waktu geus jadi kyai atawa guru. <ref name=":3"/> Ku kituna, kyai atawa guru mangrupa manusa suci (ma'shm). Ngangkat kyai anyar téh dumasar kana [[wasiat]] kyai saméméhna, henteu dipilih sacara [[démokratis]] . Konsép kapamingpinan dina ieu kapercayaan ampir akur jeung konsép Imamah kaum [[Syiah]] . Pikeun Syiah, imam mangrupa kapentingan agama. Tanpa imam, ieu dunya bakal musnah malah dianggap teu kungsi aya. Imam ogé dipercaya mangrupa wawakil Allah di [[Marcapada|bumi]] . Upama imam euweuh, ibadah ka Allah di dunya ogé moal aya, sabab [[ibadah]] ka Gusti kedah dibarengan jeung [[diajar]] ti hiji Imam. Ieu aya hubunganana jeung filsafat kahirupan Islam Wetu Telu Islam nyaéta ''tanpa ayana imam di dunya, dunya ieu bakal musnah'' . Estafeta kapamingpinan syiah dumasar kana [[tiori]] hak [[legitimasi]] dumasar kana hak suci Allah. Ku kituna, ngangkat imam kudu dumasar kana téks jeung wasiat . <ref name=":3"/> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Budaya]] [[Kategori:Kapercayaan]] s86jljywnkvtvd0n2ye8qj0reduszdo Karen Armstrong 0 102578 729166 711697 2026-09-26T12:59:41Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Karen Armstrong | image = Karen_Armstrong.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = Karen Andersen Armstrong | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1944|11|14}} | birth_place = Wildmoor, Worcestershire, Inggris | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | occupation = Panulis | education = St Anne's College, Oxford | alma_mater = | spouse = | children = | relatives = | period = | genre = | movement = | signature = }} '''Karen Armstrong''' ({{lahirmati|Wildmoor, Worcestershire, Inggris|14|11|1944}}) nyaéta saurang panulis [[Inggris]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karen-Armstrong|title=Karen Armstrong|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|access-date=2021-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://charterforcompassion.org/about1/karen-armstrong|title=Karen Armstrong|website=Charter for Compassion|access-date=2019-09-01|accessdate=2021-09-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322004419/https://charterforcompassion.org/about1/karen-armstrong|archivedate=2019-03-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm?sec_id=7158|title=Karen Armstrong: The Coherence of Her Incoherence|website=New English Review Press|access-date=2019-09-01|accessdate=2021-09-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901112322/https://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm?sec_id=7158|archivedate=2021-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qg3vin483/karen-amstrong-islam-is-the-most-rational-teaching|title=Karen Amstrong: Islam Is The Most Rational Teaching|website=Republika|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://islamindonesia.id/berita/karen-armstrong-dan-buku-bukunya-2.htm|title=Karen Armstrong dan Buku-Bukunya|website=Islam Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-01|accessdate=2021-09-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919123149/https://islamindonesia.id/berita/karen-armstrong-dan-buku-bukunya-2.htm|archivedate=2020-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.qureta.com/post/sebuah-review-tentang-buku-sejarah-tuhan-karya-karen-amstrong|title=Sebuah Review tentang Buku “Sejarah Tuhan” Karya Karen Amstrong|website=Qureta|access-date=2019-09-01|accessdate=2021-09-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901135710/https://www.qureta.com/post/sebuah-review-tentang-buku-sejarah-tuhan-karya-karen-amstrong|archivedate=2021-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nu.or.id/post/read/57145/karen-armstrong-islam-tak-punya-kaitan-dengan-kekerasan|title=Karen Armstrong: Islam Tak Punya Kaitan dengan Kekerasan|website=NU Online|access-date=2019-09-01|accessdate=2021-09-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901111921/https://www.nu.or.id/post/read/57145/karen-armstrong-islam-tak-punya-kaitan-dengan-kekerasan|archivedate=2021-09-01}}</ref> == Publikasi == === Buku === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 88%;" !Asli !Indonésia |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1981|title=Through the Narrow Gate: A Memoir of Spiritual Discovery|url=https://archive.org/details/throughnarrowgat0000arms_s9d5|location=London|publisher=Pan Books|isbn=978-033-3311-36-3|url-status=live}} |{{Cite book|date=2013|title=Menerobos Kegelapan: Sebuah Autobiografi Spiritual|location=Bandung|publisher=Mizan|isbn=978-979-4337-88-2|url-status=live}} |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1983|title=The First Christian: Saint Paul's Impact on Christianity|url=https://archive.org/details/firstchristiansa0000kare|location=London|publisher=Pan Books|isbn=978-033-0281-61-4|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1983|title=Beginning the World|url=https://archive.org/details/beginningworld0000arms|location=London|publisher=Pan Books|isbn=978-033-3350-17-1|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1985|title=Tongues of Fire: An Anthology of Religious and Poetic Experience|url=https://archive.org/details/tonguesoffireant0000unse_i7f5|location=New York|publisher=Viking Press|isbn=978-067-0808-78-6|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1986|title=The Gospel According to Woman: Christianity's Creation of the Sex War in the West|url=https://archive.org/details/gospelaccordingt0000arms_v9x4|location=London|publisher=Pan Books|isbn=978-033-0297-44-8|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1988|title=Holy War: The Crusades and their Impact on Today's World|location=New York|publisher=Anchor Books|isbn=978-038-5241-93-9|url-status=live}} |{{Cite book|date=2006|title=Perang Suci: Dari Perang Salib Hingga Perang Teluk|location=Jakarta|publisher=Serambi|isbn=978-979-3335-32-2|url-status=live}} |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1991|title=Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet|url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadbiograph0000arms|location=London|publisher=Phoenix Press|isbn=978-184-2126-08-0|url-status=live}} |{{Cite book|date=2001|title=Muhammad Sang Nabi: Sebuah Biografi Kritis|location=Surabaya|publisher=Risalah Gusti|isbn=978-006-2500-14-4|url-status=live}} |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1991|title=The English Mystics of the Fourteenth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/englishmysticsof0000unse|location=London|publisher=Kyle Cathie|isbn=978-185-6260-23-7|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1993|title=The End of Silence: Women and the Priesthood|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsilencewome0000arms|location=London|publisher=Fourth Estate|isbn=978-185-7021-45-5|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1993|title=A History of God: The 4.000 Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgod40000000arms_s0r2|location=New York|publisher=Gramercy Books|isbn=978-051-7223-12-3|url-status=live}} |{{Cite book|date=2019|title=Sejarah Tuhan: Kisah 4.000 Tahun Pencarian Tuhan dalam Agama-Agama Manusia|location=Bandung|publisher=Mizan|isbn=978-602-4410-48-3|url-status=live}} |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1994|title=Visions of God: Four Medieval Mystics and Their Writings|url=https://archive.org/details/visionsofgodfour0000arms|location=New York|publisher=Bantam Books|isbn=978-055-3351-99-6|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=1996|title=In the Beginning: A New Interpretation of Genesis|url=https://archive.org/details/inbeginning00kare|location=New York|publisher=Ballantine Books|isbn=978-034-5406-04-0|url-status=live}} | |- |{{Cite book|date=1996|title=Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths|url=https://archive.org/details/jerusalemonecity0000arms_o4i0|location=New York|publisher=Ballantine Books|isbn=978-034-5391-68-1|url-status=live}} |{{Cite book|date=2018|title=Yerusalem: Satu Kota, Tiga Agama|location=Bandung|publisher=Mizan|isbn=978-602-4410-57-5|url-status=live}} |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2000|title=Islam: A Short History|location=New York|publisher=Modern Library Chronicles|isbn=978-081-2966-18-3|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2000|title=The Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity and Islam|location=New York|publisher=Harper Collins|isbn=978-000-2555-23-4|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2002|title=Faith After 11 September|location=Maastricht|publisher=Studium Generale Maastricht|isbn=978-908-0719-11-8|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2004|title=Buddha|url=https://archive.org/details/buddha00arms|location=New York|publisher=Penguin Random House|isbn=978-014-3034-36-0|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2004|title=The Spiral Staircase: My Climb Out Of Darkness|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780385721271|location=New York|publisher=Anchor Books|isbn=978-038-5721-27-1|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2005|title=A Short History of Myth|url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofmy00arms|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Canongate|isbn=978-184-1958-00-2|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2006|title=Muhammad: A Prophet For Our Time|url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadprophetf0000arms|location=New York|publisher=Harper Collins|isbn=978-006-1155-77-2|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2006|title=The Great Transformation: The World in the Time of Buddha, Socrates, Confucius, and Jeremiah|location=New York|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing|isbn=978-030-7264-70-1|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2008|title=The Bible: A Biography (Books That Changed the World)|location=New York|publisher=Grove Atlantic|isbn=978-155-5849-24-5|url-status=live}} |{{Cite book|date=2014|title=Sejarah Alkitab: Telaah Historis Atas Kitab yang Paling Banyak Dibaca di Seluruh Dunia|location=Bandung|publisher=Mizan|isbn=978-979-4335-11-6|url-status=live}} |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2009|title=The Case for God|location=New York|publisher=Vintage|isbn=978-030-7269-18-8|url-status=live}} |{{Cite book|date=2011|title=Masa Depan Tuhan: Sanggahan terhadap Fundamentalisme dan Ateisme|location=Bandung|publisher=Mizan|isbn=978-979-4335-89-5|url-status=live}} |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2010|title=Twelve Steps to a Compassionate Life|url=https://archive.org/details/twelvestepstocom00knop|location=Abingdon-on-Thames|publisher=Taylor & Francis Group|isbn=978-030-7595-59-1|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2011|title=A Letter to Pakistan|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-019-906330-7|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2014|title=Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence|url=https://archive.org/details/fieldsofbloodrel0000arms|location=London|publisher=Bodley Head|isbn=978-184-7921-86-4|url-status=live}} |{{Cite book|date=2016|title=Fields of Blood: Mengurai Sejarah Hubungan Agama dan Kekerasan|location=Bandung|publisher=Mizan|isbn=978-979-4339-69-5|url-status=live}} |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2015|title=St. Paul: The Apostle We Love to Hate|url=https://archive.org/details/stpaulapostlewel0000arms|location=Seattle|publisher=New Harvest|isbn=978-054-4617-39-1|url-status=live}} |{{Cite book|date=2021|title=Santo Paulus: Rasul yang Dicela dan Dicinta|location=Jakarta|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|isbn=978-602-0653-01-3|url-status=live}} |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2019|title=The Lost Art of Scripture|url=https://archive.org/details/lostartofscriptu0000arms_j2d0|location=London|publisher=Bodley Head|isbn=978-184-7924-32-2|url-status=live}} | |- | align="left" |{{Cite book|date=2019|title=Religion: Vintage Minis|url=https://archive.org/details/religion0000kare_b9s9_o7w7|location=New York|publisher=Vintage|isbn=978-178-4875-69-5|url-status=live}} | |} == Tingali ogé == * [[Agatha Christie]] * [[Harper Lee]] * [[Joanne Kathleen Rowling]] * [[Oprah Winfrey]] * [[Simone de Beauvoir]] * [[Xu Xi]] == Rujukan == <references /> == Tumbu kaluar == * [http://www.pbs.org/now/transcript/transcript_armstrong.html Bill Moyers interviews Karen Armstrong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109010324/http://www.pbs.org/now/transcript/transcript_armstrong.html |date=2020-11-09 }} * [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1751746 Religion Scholar Karen Armstrong] * [http://jmm.aaa.net.au/articles/2236.htm Review of ''The Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504072358/http://jmm.aaa.net.au/articles/2236.htm |date=2007-05-04 }} *[http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,1874653,00.html ''We Cannot Afford to Maintain these Ancient Prejudices Against Islam''] 5xm4ij0dcancef758zj2doe06ytjq8g Kusumah Atmaja 0 102690 729212 677772 2026-09-26T15:58:24Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kusumah Atmaja''', gumelar kaping 8 September 1898 di [[Purwakarta, Jawa Barat]]. Anjeunna pupuhu [[Mahkamah Agung Indonésia]] anu kahiji di Indonésia. Ngaran aslina (''Radén Soelaiman Éffendi Koesoemah Atmadja)'', anjeunna ti kulawarga beunghar tur kapandang<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.minews.id/kisah/kusumah-atmaja-hakim-agung-pertama-dan-terlama-menjabat-ketua-ma|title=Kusumah Atmaja Hakim Agung Pertama dan Terlama Menjabat Ketua MA|website=Minews ID|language=id-ID|accessdate=2021-09-15}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915053610/https://www.minews.id/kisah/kusumah-atmaja-hakim-agung-pertama-dan-terlama-menjabat-ketua-ma |date=2021-09-15 }}</ref>. Napak sakola anu mantes jeung miboga gelar diploma ti ''[[Rechtschool]]'' atawa sakola kahakiman taun 1913<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/hol23192/kusumah-atmadja-hakim-tiga-zaman|title=hukumonline.com - Berita : Kusumah Atmadja, Hakim Tiga Zaman|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2021-09-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117031722/http://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/hol23192/kusumah-atmadja-hakim-tiga-zaman|archivedate=2012-01-17}}</ref>. Anjeunna ngamimitian jadi pagawé anu ngabantuan di Pangadilan Bogor taun 1919<ref name=":1" />. Sataun ngalakonan di dunya pangadilan, anjeunna meunangkeun béasiswa jang neruskeun sakola hukumna di [[Universitas Leiden|Universitas Léiden, Walanda.]] Dina waktu harita, [[Universitas Leiden|Universitas Léiden]] téh mangrupa gembongna para ahli hukum di [[Walanda]]<ref name=":0" />. Dina taun 1922, ngabéréskeun sakola ku gelar ''Doctor in de recht geleeeheid''<ref name=":0" />. Disertasina ngajelaskeun ngeunaan Hukum Wakaf di [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walanda]]. Mulang ti [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walanda]] anjeunna jadi hakim di ''[[Raad Van Justitie]]'' (satingkat Pangadilan Luhur) [[Jakarta]]<ref name=":1" />. Sataun ti dinya, langsung diangkat jadi ''Voor Zitter Landraad'' (Pupuhu Pangadilan Negeri) di [[Kabupatén Indramayu|Indramayu]] jeung [[Majaléngka]], Jawa Barat. Nepi ka papanggih  awéwé ngaran Raden Ajeng Nawangsih di mana paamprokan ieu jadi tali parkawinan<ref name=":0" />. Teu nepi ka dinya baé, anjeunna téh pernah ngabogaan tugas salaku Hakim di [[Pangadilan Luhur Padang]], [[Pupuhu PN Semarang]] jeung [[Hakim PT Semarang]]<ref name=":1" />. Lumangsur kana kamerdékaan [[Indonésia|Indonésia]], anjeunna jadi salah sahiji anggota [[BPUPKI]] (Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdékaan Indonésia). Saenggeus merdéka, pamaréntah nunjuk anjeunna pikeun nyieun tur ngabentuk Mahkamah Agung salaku lembaga hukum anu pangluhurna di [[Indonésia|Indonésia]]<ref name=":0" />. Kapamingpinan Kusumah Atmaja loba pisan halanganana. Dina Mahkamah Agung anu saumur jagong, anjeunna kudu usaha negak keun Indepéndensi lembaga anu di pingpinna. Sebastian Pompe dina disertasina judul ''The Indonesian Supreme Court : A Study of Institutional Collaps'', nu nyatet kasus penting dina karir Kusumah Atmaja. Pompe ngutip data nu dibogaan ku [[Daniel S Lev]]<ref name=":1" />. Nyaéta, kasus anu dikenal ku sebutan ''Sudarsono Case''. Dina taun 1946, aya kajadian usaha nyulik [[Perdana Menteri Sjahrir]] ku sagolongan tantara nu di pingpin ku [[Mayjen Sudarsono]]. Golongan anu ngarencanakeun ngajieun kudeta ieu téh nyaéa para jelema anu deukeut jeung [[Presiden Soekarno|Présidén Soekarno]], salah sahijina [[Muhammad Yamin]]. Tujuan tina nyulik ieu téh supaya nagara Indonésia balik deui kana sistem Présidénsil<ref name=":1" />. Lain ti jero negeri waé, Kusumah Atmaja ogé kudu nyanghareupan tantangan ti luar. Saeunggeus nyerahna Jepang. [[Walanda]] balik deui ngusahakeun ngajajah Indonesia. Lembaga Yudikatif ogé kabeulah. Masih tina disertasi Pompe, dina waktu harita loba hakim senior asal pribumi anu nyalindung ka kubu [[Walanda]]<ref name=":1" />. Sababaraha golongan pamuda pernah nyurigaan Kusumah Atmaja aya dina pihak panjajah [[Walanda]]. Kacurigaan éta téh pada akhirna leungit. Kusumah Atmaja mingpin Mahkamah Agung nepi ka wafat dina tanggal 11 Agustus 1952. Anjeunna meunang gelar pahlawan dina taun 1965<ref name=":1" />. Ahmad Kamil, wakil pupuhu Mahkamah Agung Bidang Non Yudisial ménta supaya Kusumah Atmaja ditetepkeun salaku Pahlawan Panegak Hukum. Jasana di dunya pangadilan kacida lobana. Salah sahiji anu bakal diinget nyaéta dina kapasitasna salaku Pupuhu Mahkamah Agung anu nyokot sumpah [[Sukarno]] salaku Présidén Republik Indonésia anu kahiji taun 1945 jeung nu kadua kalina sawaktu [[Sukarno]] jadi Présidén Indonésia Sarikat dina akhir 1949<ref name=":1" />. Kusumah Atmaja disebut hakim tilu jaman, nyaéta di jaman [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walanda]], manéhna jadi hakim di [[Landraad dan Raad Van Justitie]]. Di jaman [[Jepang]], Pupuhu [[Tihoo Hooin]]. Di éra kamérdékaan, manéhna jadi Pupuhu [[Mahkamah Agung]] kahiji<ref name=":1" />. == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Inohong Indonésia]] 1y57pss4m1oa0zxczzavynoighl9spp Kararanggé 0 102734 729161 661257 2026-09-26T12:58:50Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Genus sireum}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|47|0}} [[Éosin]] – Kiwari | image = Red Weaver Ant, Oecophylla smaragdina.jpg | image_caption = Sireum kararanggé (''Oecophylla smaragdina'') pagawé ([[India]]). | image2 = Red Weaver Ant, Oecophylla longinoda.jpg | image2_caption = Sireum kararanggé (''Oecophylla longinoda'') pagawé ([[Tanzania]]) | display_parents = 2 | parent_authority = Emery, 1895 | taxon = Oecophylla | authority = [[Frederick Smith (entomologist)|Smith]], 1860 |type_species =''Formica virescens'' (junior synonym of ''Oecophylla smaragdina'') | diversity_link = #Spésiés | diversity = 2 spésiés hirup<br />13 spésiés lastari | diversity_ref = <ref name="AntCat">{{AntCat|429237|''Oecophylla''|2015|access-date=30 Januari 2015}}</ref> | range_map = Oecophylla range map.png | range_map_alt = Peta sebaran Oecophylla | range_map_caption = Peta sebaran ''Oecophylla''.<br />''Oecophylla longinoda'' kelir bulao, ''Oecophylla smaragdina'' kelir beureum.<ref name="Dlussky_2008">{{cite journal|last1=Dlussky|first1=G.M.|last2=Wappler|first2=T.|last3=Wedmann|first3=S.|title=New middle Eocene formicid species from Germany and the evolution of weaver ants|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=615–626|doi=10.4202/app.2008.0406|doi-access=free}}</ref> }} '''Sireum kararanggé''' atawa '''raranggé''' ([[genus]] '''''Oecophylla''''') [[gegeremet]] [[eusosial]] ti kularwarga [[Formicidae]] (ordo [[Hymenoptera]]) anu hirupna dina tatangkalan ([[arboréal]]) sarta dipikawanoh ku kabiasaanana nyieun sayang tina dangdaunan anu dirapet maké [[sutra]] bilatungna.<ref name=":0" /> Kolonina bisa gedé nepi ka saratusan sayang dina sababaraha tangkal anu ngimahan satengah juta sireum pagawé. Kadaharanana gegeremet leutik, awakna bimodal.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Weber, NA|year=1946|title=Dimorphism in the African ''Oecophylla'' worker and an anomaly (Hym.: Formicidae)|journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America|volume=39|pages=7–10| url=http://antbase.org/ants/publications/10434/10434.pdf|doi=10.1093/aesa/39.1.7}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Wilson, Edward O. |author2=Robert W. Taylor |name-list-style=amp |year=1964 |title=A fossil ant colony: new evidence of social antiquity |journal=Psyche |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=93–103 |url=http://psyche.entclub.org/pdf/71/71-093.pdf |doi=10.1155/1964/17612 |doi-access=free |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829060237/http://psyche.entclub.org/pdf/71/71-093.pdf |archive-date=2020-08-29 |accessdate=2021-09-30 }}</ref> Pagawé utama panjangna {{convert|8|-|10|mm|abbr=on}}, pagawé minor ampir ngan satengahna. [[File:Weaver ant queen 4.jpg|thumb|Kararanggé paéh dibawa ku sireum pagawé]] {{pondok}} [[kategori:gegeremet]] aew55jzgoy3rjzmihemthwuoirfyjfz Kasilihngartian 0 102918 729184 710576 2026-09-26T13:54:08Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729184 wikitext text/x-wiki Dina élmu [[linguistik]], '''kasilihngartian''' mangrupa hubungan antara [[basa]]-basa atawa [[dialék]]-dialék anu panyaturna bisa silih ngarti tanpa kudu diajar heula ngeunaan éta basa sanajan basa atawa dialék éta miboga bébédaan [[Ragam basa|ragam]], tapi masih silh patali. Kasilihngartian ilaharna dipaké minangka kritéria pangpentingna pikeun ngabédakeun basa jeung dialék iwal ti faktor-faktor [[sosiolinguistik]] séjénna anu mindeng dipaké ogé. Kasilihngartian antarbasa bisa kajadi sacara asimétris, misalna sabot panyatur basa A leuwih paham basa B tibatan panyatur basa B paham kana basa A. Anapon kapahaman antarbasa anu cukup asimétris miboga ciri "silih ngarti". Fénoména kapahaman antarbasa ieu pecenghul dina mangpirang tingkatan dina basa-basa anu sarungkun atawa padeukeut sacara géografis di dunya, mindeng kapanggih dina kontéks [[dialék kontinum]] == Daptar basa anu pasilihngarti == Di handap ieu mangrupa taratas daptar basa anu silih mikaharti sacara gembleng atawa ngan sawaréh. <!--Tambahkeun ngan pasangan basa anu mibanda babon kapercaya.--> === Wangun tulis jeung kaucap === * '''[[Basa Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]''': [[Basa Walanda|Walanda]] (sawaréh)<ref name="gooskens">{{cite journal|last=Gooskens|first=Charlotte|year=2007|title=The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages|url=http://www.let.rug.nl/gooskens/pdf/publ_JMMD_2007.pdf|journal=Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development|publisher=[[Universitas Groningen]]|volume=28|issue=6|page=445|doi=10.2167/jmmd511.0|accessdate=2010-05-19|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.let.rug.nl/gooskens/pdf/publ_JMMD_2007.pdf|archive-date=2022-10-09}}</ref> * '''[[Basa Azerbaijan|Azérbaijan]]''': [[Basa Tatar Krimea|Tatar Krimea]], [[Basa Gagauz|Gagauz]], [[Basa Turki|Turki]], jeung [[Basa Urum|Urum]]<ref name="Language Materials Project">{{cite web|url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=67&menu=004|title=Language Materials Project: Turkish|publisher=[[UCLA]] International Institute, Center for World Languages|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011180149/http://lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=67|archive-date=2007-10-11|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2007-04-26|date=Februari 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011180149/http://lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=67 |date=2007-10-11 }}</ref><ref name="Turkic Languages" /><ref name="refHülyakasapoğluçengel">Kasapoğlu Çengel, Hülya (2004). [http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/HALKBILIM/hulya_kasapoglu_cengel_urum_turkleri_folklor.pdf Ukrayna'daki Urum Türkleri ve Folkloru]. Milli Folklor, 2004, Yıl. 16, S. 16, s. 59</ref> (sawaréh tur asimétris{{Verification needed|date=Maret 2015|reason=Sumber tidak mencantumkan bahwa basa Azerbaijan dan Turki asimétris, jadi pasangan basa yang lain juga harus diperiksa.}})<ref name="innerAsia">{{cite book|last=Sinor|first=Denis|title=Inner Asia. History-Civilization-Languages. A syllabus|year=1969|publisher=Bloomington|isbn=0-87750-081-9|pages=71–96|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vn-xZ3O1G-cC&pg=PA71#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> * '''[[Basa Walanda|Walanda]]''': [[Basa Afrikaans|Afrikaans]] (dina wangun tulis; sawaréh dina wangun lisan)<ref name="gooskens" /><ref>http://www.let.rug.nl/~gooskens/pdf/publ_litlingcomp_2006b.pdf</ref> [[Basa Frisia Barat|Frisia Barat]] (sawaréh),<ref name="gooskens" /> [[Basa Jerman|Jerman]] (nepi ka undakan tartangtu, asimétris)<ref name="let.rug.nl">http://www.let.rug.nl/gooskens/pdf/publ_ZDL_2009b.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716051847/http://www.let.rug.nl/gooskens/pdf/publ_ZDL_2009b.pdf |date=2023-07-16 }}</ref><ref name="DGcognateintel">http://www.let.rug.nl/gooskens/pdf/pres_exapp2010a_2010.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201936/http://www.let.rug.nl/gooskens/pdf/pres_exapp2010a_2010.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> * '''[[Basa Belarus|Belarus]]''': [[Basa Rusia|Rusia]] (sawaréh) dan [[Basa Ukraina|Ukraina]] (sawaréh)<ref name="BlrRusUkr">Alexander M. Schenker. 1993. "Proto-Slavonic," ''The Slavonic Languages''. (Routledge), hlm. 60–121. Hlm. 60: "[The] distinction between dialect and language being blurred, there can be no unanimity on this issue in all instances..."<br />C.F. Voegelin and F.M. Voegelin. 1977. ''Classification and Index of the World's Languages'' (Elsevier). Hlm. 311: "In terms of immediate mutual intelligibility, the East Slavic zone is a single language."<br />Bernard Comrie. 1981. ''The Languages of the Soviet Union'' (Cambridge). Hlm. 145–146: "The three East Slavonic languages are very close to one another, with very high rates of mutual intelligibility... The separation of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian as distinct languages is relatively recent... Many Ukrainians in fact speak a mixture of Ukrainian and Russian, finding it difficult to keep the two languages apart...</ref> * '''[[Basa Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]''': [[Basa Makédonia|Makédonia]],<ref name="BulMac">[http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=42 Language profile Macedonian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311172655/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=42&menu=004 |date=2009-03-11 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311172655/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=42&menu=004|date=2009-03-11}}, UCLA International Institute</ref> [[Basa Serbo-Kroasia|Serbo-Kroasia]] (sawaréh tur asimétris)<ref name="Slavic-mutual-intelligibility" /> * '''[[Basa Ceko|Ceko]]''': [[Basa Slowakia|Slowakia]]<ref name="CzeSlo">{{cite book|title=Speaking from the Margin: Global English from a European Perspective|chapter=Glocalisation and the Ausbau sociolinguistics of modern Europe|last=Trudgill|first=Peter|authorlink=Peter Trudgill|editor1-last=Duszak|editor1-first=Anna|editor2-last=Okulska|editor2-first=Urszula|publisher=Peter Lang|series=Polish Studies in English Language and Literature 11|year=2004|isbn=0-8204-7328-6}}</ref> (signifikan),<ref name="Slavic-mutual-intelligibility" /> [[Basa Polandia|Polandia]] (sawaréh)<ref name="Slavic-mutual-intelligibility" /> * '''[[Basa Pérsia Afgani|Dari]]''': [[Basa Pérsia|Pérsia]]<ref name="DariPersianTajik" /> * '''[[Basa Dénmark|Dénmark]]''': [[Basa Norwégia|Norwégia]] dan [[Basa Swédia|Swédia]]<ref name="DanNorSve">{{cite journal|last=Bø|first=I|year=1976|title=Ungdom od nabolad. En undersøkelse av skolens og fjernsynets betydning for nabrospråksforstålen|journal=Rogalandsforskning|volume=4}}</ref> (sawaréh tur asimétris)<ref name="gooskens" /> * '''[[Basa Estonia|Estonia]]''': [[Basa Finlandia|Finlandia]] (sawaréh)<ref name="Katzner105">{{cite book|title=The languages of the world|page=105|last=Katzner|first=Kenneth|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-25003-X|url=http://books.google.com/?id=hfZKnQnnYCsC&pg=PA105&dq=estonian+finnish+mutual+intelligibility#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> * '''[[Basa Finlandia|Finlandia]]''': [[Basa Estonia|Estonia]] (sawaréh),<ref name="Katzner105" /> [[Basa Karelia|Karelia]] (sawaréh)<ref>{{cite book|title=The Finno-Ugric republics and the Russian state|page=100|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|year=1999|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-91977-0|url=http://books.google.com/?id=QGqWcZu42hUC&pg=PA100&dq=karelian+finnish+mutual+intelligibility#v=onepage&q=karelian%20finnish%20mutual%20intelligibility&f=false}}</ref> * '''[[Basa Gagauz|Gagauz]]''': [[Basa Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Basa Tatar Krimea|Tatar Krimea]], [[Basa Turki|Turki]], dan [[Basa Urum|Urum]]<ref name="Language Materials Project" /><ref name="Turkic Languages" /><ref name="refHülyakasapoğluçengel" /> (sawaréh tur asimétris{{Verification needed|date=Maret 2015|reason=Sumber tidak mencantumkan bahwa basa Azerbaijan dan Turki asimétris, jadi pasangan basa yang lain juga harus diperiksa.}})<ref name="innerAsia" /> * '''[[Basa Galisia|Galisia]]''': [[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]],<ref name="EspGal" /> [[Basa Portugis|Portugis]]<ref name="GalPor">{{cite journal|last=Beswick|first=Jaine|year=2005|title=Linguistic homogeneity in Galician and Portuguese borderland communities|journal=Estudios de Sociolingüística|volume=6|issue=1|pages=39–64}}</ref> * '''[[Basa Inggris|Inggris]]''': [[Basa Skot|Skot]] (signifikan)<ref>{{cite paper|last=Kaufmann|first=Manuel|year=2006|title=English in Scotland&nbsp;— a phonological approach|publisher=GRIN|page=21}}</ref> * '''[[Basa Italia|Italia]]''': [[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]] (sawaréh)<ref name="Voigt2014">{{cite news|title=Mutual Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages within the Romance language family|page=113|last=Voigt|first=Stefanie|year=2014|url=http://www.linguistics.fi/contact/Book_of_abstracts_10.7.2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510081003/http://www.linguistics.fi/contact/Book_of_abstracts_10.7.2014.pdf#page=114|archive-date=2017-05-10|access-date=2021-11-29}}</ref> * '''[[Basa Jérman|Jérman]]''': [[Basa Belanda|Belanda]] (nepi ka undakan tartangtu, asimétris)<ref name="let.rug.nl" /><ref name="DGcognateintel" /> * '''[[Basa Karakalpak|Karakalpak]]''': [[Basa Kazakh|Kazakh]]<ref name="Turkic Languages" /> * '''[[Basa Kazakh|Kazakh]]''': [[Basa Karakalpak|Karakalpak]]<ref name="Turkic Languages" /> dan [[Basa Kirgiz|Kirgiz]]<ref name="Turkic Languages">[http://chuvashlar.blogspot.nl/2012/10/the-internal-classification-migration.html The Internal Classification & Migration of Turkic Languages]</ref> * '''[[Basa Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]]''': [[Basa Kirundi|Kirundi]]<ref name="KinKir">[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kirundi.php Kirundi Language]</ref> * '''[[Basa Kirgiz|Kirgiz]]''': [[Basa Kazakh|Kazakh]]<ref name="Turkic Languages" /> dan [[Basa Karakalpak|Karakalpak]]<ref name="Turkic Languages" /> * '''[[Basa Kirundi|Kirundi]]''': [[Basa Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]]<ref name="KinKir" /> * '''[[Basa Makedonia|Makedonia]]''': [[Basa Bulgaria|Bulgaria]],<ref name="BulMac" /> [[Serbo-Kroasia]] (sawaréh tur asimétris)<ref>[http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=42 Basa Makedonia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311172655/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=42&menu=004 |date=2009-03-11 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311172655/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=42&menu=004|date=2009-03-11}} di UCLA</ref> * '''[[Basa Neo-Aram Asyur|Neo-Aram Asyur]]''': [[Basa Turoyo|Turoyo]] (sawaréh tur asimétris)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uobw_kBXx74C&printsec=frontcover#PPA36,M1|title=Aramaic (Assyrian/Syriac) Dictionary and Phrasebook – Nicholas Awde, Nineb Lamassu, Nicholas Al-Jeloo|publisher=Google Books|date=2007-06-30|accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref><ref>Tezel, Aziz (2003). ''Comparative Etymological Studies in the Western Neo-Syriac (Ṭūrōyo) Lexicon: with special reference to homonyms, related words and borrowings with cultural signification''. Uppsala Universitet. ISBN 91-554-5555-7.</ref> * '''[[Basa Norwegia|Norwegia]]''': [[Basa Denmark|Denmark]] (sawaréh)<ref name="gooskens" /> jeung [[Basa Swedia|Swedia]]<ref name="gooskens" /><ref name="DanNorSve" /> * '''[[Basa Persia|Persia]]''': [[Basa Persia Afgani|Dari]]<ref name="DariPersianTajik" /> * '''[[Basa Portugis|Portugis]]''': [[Basa Galisia|Galisia]]<ref name="GalPor" /> jeung [[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]] (sawaréh)<ref name="Gavilanes Laso, J.L. 1996">Gavilanes Laso, J.L. (1996) ''Algunas consideraciones sobre la inteligibilidad mutua hispano-portuguesa''{{Citation broken|date=Mei 2015}}<!-- Tautan diperlukan --> In: Actas del Congreso Internacional Luso-Español de Lengua y Cultura en la Frontera, Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 175–187.</ref><ref name="Comparação Português e Castelhano">[http://www.omniglot.com/language/articles/esport.htm Comparação Português e Castelhano]</ref><ref name="cvc.instituto-camoes.pt">[http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/hlp/biblioteca/observlingport.pdf Algumas observações sobre a noção de língua portuguesa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716074201/http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/hlp/biblioteca/observlingport.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }}</ref> * '''[[Basa Rusia|Rusia]]''': [[Basa Bélarus|Bélarus]] jeung [[Basa Ukraina|Ukraina]] (duanana sawaréh),<ref name="BlrRusUkr" /> [[Basa Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] (sawaréh),<ref name="Slavic-mutual-intelligibility">{{cite web|url=http://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family|title=Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family|publisher=Academia.edu|accessdate=2 Maret 2014|author=Robert Lindsay|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112011158/https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family|archivedate=2020-11-12}}{{Unreliable source?|date=Juli 2014}}</ref> [[Basa Rusyn|Rusyn]]<ref name="Slavic-mutual-intelligibility" /> * '''[[Basa Serbo-Kroasia|Serbo-Kroasia]]''': [[Basa Slovenia|Slovenia]] (sawaréh)<ref name="Lmp.ucla.edu">{{cite web|url=http://lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=48&menu=004|title=UCLA Language Materials Project: Language Profile|publisher=UCLA LMP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109201421/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=48|archive-date=2011-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2013-09-04|date=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109201421/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=48 |date=2011-11-09 }}</ref> * '''[[Basa Slovenia|Slovenia]]''': [[Basa Serbo-Kroasia|Serbo-Kroasia]] (sawaréh)<ref name="Lmp.ucla.edu" /> * '''[[Basa Slowakia|Slowakia]]''': [[Basa Ceko|Ceko]]<ref name="CzeSlo" /> (signifikan),<ref name="Slavic-mutual-intelligibility" /> [[Basa Polandia|Polandia]] (sawaréh)<ref name="Slavic-mutual-intelligibility" /> * '''[[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]]''': [[Basa Galisia|Galisia]] (signifikan),<ref name="EspGal">{{cite book|title=Monolingualism and bilingualism: Lessons from Canada and Spain|page=80|last=Wright|first=Sue|year=1996|publisher=Multilingual Matters Ltd.|isbn=1-85359-354-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=a2YtdM1kNOcC&pg=PA80&dq=Galician+and+Spanish+mutual+intelligibility#v=onepage&q=Galician%20and%20Spanish%20mutual%20intelligibility&f=false}}</ref> [[Basa Portugis|Portugis]] (sawaréh), [[Basa Italia|Italia]] (sawaréh)<ref name="Voigt2014" /> * '''[[Basa Swedia|Swedia]]''': [[Basa Denmark|Denmark]] (sawaréh)<ref name="gooskens" /> jeung [[Basa Norwegia|Norwegia]]<ref name="gooskens" /><ref name="DanNorSve" /> * '''[[Basa Tatar Krimea|Tatar Krimea]]''': [[Basa Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Basa Gagauz|Gagauz]], [[Basa Turki|Turki]], dan [[Basa Urum|Urum]]<ref name="Language Materials Project" /><ref name="Turkic Languages" /><ref name="refHülyakasapoğluçengel" /> (sawaréh tur asimétris{{Verification needed|date=Maret 2015|reason=Sumber tidak mencantumkan bahwa basa Azerbaijan dan Turki asimétris, jadi pasangan basa yang lain juga harus diperiksa.}})<ref name="innerAsia" /> * '''[[Basa Tokelau|Tokelau]]''': [[Basa Tuvalu|Tuvalu]]<ref name="TokTuv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.alsintl.com/resources/languages/Tokelauan/|title=Basa Tokelau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108084726/http://www.alsintl.com/resources/languages/Tokelauan/|archive-date=2012-11-08|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-09-30}}</ref> * '''[[Basa Turki|Turki]]''': [[Basa Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Basa Tatar Krimea|Tatar Krimea]], [[Basa Gagauz|Gagauz]], dan [[Basa Urum|Urum]]<ref name="Language Materials Project" /><ref name="Turkic Languages" /><ref name="refHülyakasapoğluçengel" /> (sawaréh tur asimétris{{Verification needed|date=Maret 2015|reason=Sumber tidak mencantumkan bahwa basa Azerbaijan dan Turki asimétris, jadi pasangan basa yang lain juga harus diperiksa.}})<ref name="innerAsia" /> * '''[[Basa Tuvalu|Tuvalu]]''': [[Basa Tokelau|Tokelau]]<ref name="TokTuv" /> * '''[[Basa Ukraina|Ukraina]]''': [[Basa Belarus|Belarusi]] jeung [[Basa Rusia|Rusia]] (duanana sawaréh)<ref name="BlrRusUkr" /> * '''[[Basa Urum|Urum]]''': [[Basa Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Basa Tatar Krimea|Tatar Krimea]], [[Basa Gagauz|Gagauz]], jeung [[Basa Turki|Turki]]<ref name="Language Materials Project" /><ref name="Turkic Languages" /><ref name="refHülyakasapoğluçengel" /> (sawaréh tur asimétris{{Verification needed|date=Maret 2015|reason=Sumber tidak mencantumkan bahwa basa Azerbaijan dan Turki asimétris, jadi pasangan basa yang lain juga harus diperiksa.}})<ref name="innerAsia" /> * '''[[Basa Zulu|Zulu]]''': [[Basa Ndebele Utara|Ndebele]] (sawaréh),<ref name="Sibanda">{{cite web|url=http://www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org/WJER/abstracts/2012/August/Sibanda.htm|title=Degree of mutual intelligibility between Ndebele and Zulu|last=Sibanda|first=Ethelia|publisher=Wudpecker Journal of Educational Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020042724/http://www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org/WJER/abstracts/2012/August/Sibanda.htm|archive-date=2013-10-20|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 September 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020042724/http://www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org/WJER/abstracts/2012/August/Sibanda.htm |date=2013-10-20 }}</ref><ref name="Angogo">{{cite web|url=http://elanguage.net/journals/sal/article/viewFile/1038/1099|title=Language and Politics in South Africa|last=Angogo|first=Rachel|work=Studies in African Linguistics Volume 9, Number 2|publisher=elanguage.net|accessdate=30 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130123420/http://elanguage.net/journals/sal/article/viewFile/1038/1099|archivedate=30 November 2018}}</ref> [[Basa Xhosa|Xhosa]] (sawaréh),<ref name="Angogo" /> dan [[Basa Swati|Swati]] (sawaréh)<ref name="Angogo" /> === Ngan dina wangun lisan === * '''[[Basa Persia Afgani|Dari]]''': [[Basa Tajik|Tajik]]<ref name="DariPersianTajik">[http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2005_817_17g_Beeman.pdf Dari/Persian/Tajik languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025210857/http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2005_817_17g_Beeman.pdf |date=2012-10-25 }}</ref> (basa Tajik ditulis maké [[Alfabét Kirilik|alfabét Kiril]], sedeng basa Dari maké [[abjad Pérsia]]) * '''[[Basa Jerman|Jerman]]''': [[Basa Yiddi|Yiddi]]<ref name="DeuYid">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experience and Culture, Volume 1|page=192|last=Avrum Ehrlich|first=Mark|year=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-873-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NoPZu79hqaEC&pg=PA192&dq=German+and+Yiddish+mutual+intelligibility#v=onepage&q=German%20and%20Yiddish%20mutual%20intelligibility&f=false}}</ref> (basa Jerman ditulis maké [[alfabét Latin]], sedeng basa Yiddi maké [[abjad Ibrani]]) * '''[[Basa Laos|Laos]]''': [[Basa Thailand|Thailand]]<ref name="ThaiLao">[http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/messeas/node3.html Basa-basa Ausbau dan Abstand]</ref> (sawaréh: basa Laos ditulis maké [[aksara Lao]], sedeng basa Thailand maké [[aksara Thai]]) * '''[[Basa Neo-Aram Asyur|Neo-Aram Asyur]]''': [[Lishanid Noshan]]<ref name="Heinrichs 1990">[[Wolfhart Heinrichs|Heinrichs, Wolfhart]] (ed.) (1990). ''Studies in Neo-Aramaic''. Scholars Press: Atlanta, Georgia. ISBN 1-55540-430-8.</ref> (sawaréh) jeung [[Basa Hulaulá|Hulaulá]]<ref>Beyer, Klaus; John F. Healey (terj.) (1986). The Aramaic Language: Its Distribution and Subdivisions. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, hlm. 44.</ref> (sawaréh: basa Néo-Aram Asyur ditulis maké [[abjad Suryani]], sedeng dua basa anu disebut pamungkas ditulis maké [[abjad Ibrani]]) * '''[[Basa Persia|Persia]]''': [[Basa Tajik|Tajik]]<ref name="DariPersianTajik" /> (basa Persia ditulis maké [[abjad Pérsia]], sedeng basa Tajik maké [[Alfabét Kirilik|alfabét Kiril]]) * '''[[Basa Polandia|Polandia]]''': [[Basa Ukraina|Ukraina]] dan [[Basa Belarus|Belarus]] (sawaréh)<ref name="PolUkr">{{cite web|url=http://www.nadbuhom.pl/art_2638.html|title=Gdzie "sicz", a gdzie "porohy"?! (ст. 15), Part II|last=Łabowicz|first=Ludmiła|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501025506/http://www.nadbuhom.pl/art_2638.html|archivedate=2013-05-01|dead-url=no|accessdate=19 Juli 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501025506/http://www.nadbuhom.pl/art_2638.html |date=2013-05-01 }}</ref> * '''[[Basa Tajik|Tajik]]''': [[Basa Persia|Persia]] dan [[Basa Persia Afgani|Dari]]<ref name="DariPersianTajik" /> (basa Tajik ditulis maké [[Alfabét Kirilik|alfabét Kiril]], sedeng dua basa anu disebut pamungkas maké [[abjad Pérsia]]). * '''[[Basa Thailand|Thailand]]''': [[Basa Laos|Laos]]<ref name="ThaiLao" /> (sawaréh: basa Thailand ditulis maké [[aksara Thai]], sedeng basa Laos maké [[aksara Lao]]) * '''[[Basa Yiddi|Yiddi]]''': [[Basa Jerman|Jerman]]<ref name="DeuYid" /> (basa Yiddi ditulis maké [[abjad Ibrani]], sedeng basa Jerman maké [[alfabét Latin]]) === Ngan dina wangun tulis === * '''[[Basa Islandia|Islandia]]''': [[Basa Faroe|Faroe]]<ref name="IslFao">{{cite book|title=Language and Nationalism in Europe|page=106|last=Barbour|first=Stephen|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-925085-1|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1ixmu8Iga7gC&pg=PA106}}</ref> === Dialék atawa laras hiji basa anu sakapeung dianggap papisah === * '''[[Basa Hindustan|Hindustan]]''': [[Basa Hindi|Hindi]], [[Basa Urdu|Urdu]]<ref name="HinUrd">{{cite journal|last=Gumperz|first=John J.|date=Februari 1957|title=Language Problems in the Rural Development of North India|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-asian-studies_1957-02_16_2/page/251|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|volume=16|issue=2|pages=251–259|doi=10.2307/2941382|jstor=2941382}}</ref>—wangun luluguna mangrupa laras basa kapisah tina hiji basa anu sarua sacara struktural (disebut basa Hindustan atawa Hindi-Urdu), basa Hindi ditulis maké [[aksara Déwanagari]], sedeng basa Urdu utamana maké [[abjad Persia]]. * '''[[Basa Katalan|Katalan]]''': [[Basa Valencia|Valencia]]—wangun luluguna mangrupa hiji basa anu sarua sacara struktural nu matak bisa silih mikaharti. Dua basa éta dianggap papisah ku sabab alesan pulitik. * '''[[Basa Malayu|Malayu]]''': [[Basa Indonésia|Indonésia]],<ref name="IndMal">{{cite book|title=Learner English: A Teacher's Guide to Interference and Other Problems|page=279|last=Swan|first=Michael|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-77939-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6UIuWj9fQfQC&pg=PA279&dq=Indonesian+and+Malay+mutual+intelligibility#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> [[Basa Malaysia|Malaysia]] * '''[[Basa Néo-Aram Asyur|Néo-Aram Asyur]]''': [[Basa Néo-Aram Khaldea|Néo-Aram Khaldea]],<ref>[http://www.aina.org/articles/rothbotmal.pdf/ Remarks on the Historical Background of the Modern Assyrian Language], [[Geoffrey Khan]], [[University of Cambridge]]</ref> [[Lishana Deni]],<ref>[[Arthur John Maclean|Maclean, Arthur John]] (1895). ''Grammar of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac: As Spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, North-West Persia, and the Plain of Mosul: With Notices of the Vernacular of the Jews of Azerbaijan and of Zakhu Near Mosul''. Cambridge University Press, London.</ref> [[Basa Hértevin|Hértevin]],<ref>Jastrow, Otto (1990). Personal and Demonstrative pronouns in Central Neo-Aramaic. In [[Wolfhart Heinrichs]] (ed.), ''Studies in Neo-Aramaic'', hlm.&nbsp;89–103. Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press. ISBN 1-55540-430-8.</ref> [[Basa Néo-Aram Bohtan|Néo-Aram Bohtan]],<ref>Fox, Samuel. 2002. "A Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Bohtan", dalam W. Arnold dan H. Bobzin, "Sprich doch mit deinen Knechten aramäisch, wir verstehen es!" 60 Beiträge zur Semitistik Festschrift für Otto Jastrow zum 60. ''Geburtstag, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 165–180.''</ref> jeung [[Senaya language|Senaya]]<ref>Takashina, Yoshiyuki.1990. "Some Remarks on Modern Aramaic of Hertevin." ''Journal of Asian and African Studies 40: 85–132''</ref><ref>Greenfield, Jonas. 1978. "The Dialects of Early Aramaic". ''Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Colloquium on Aramaic Studies 37: 93–99''</ref>—wangun luluguna mangrupa hiji basa anu sarua sacara struktural nu matak bisa silih dipikaharti nepi ka undakan tartangtu. Ku sabab éta, basa-basa éta sakapeung dianggap minangka dialék basa Néo-Aram Asyur. Basa-basa éta dianggap kapisah ku sabab alesan géografis jeung agamais.<ref name="Heinrichs 1990" /> * '''[[Basa Rumania|Rumania]]''': [[Basa Moldova|Moldova]]—wangun luluguna mangrupa hiji basa anu sarua sacara struktural nu matak bisa silih dipikaharti. Dua basa éta dianggap papisah ku sabab alesan pulitik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/moldovan.htm|title=Moldovan (limba moldovenească / лимба молдовеняскэ)}}</ref> * '''[[Basa Serbo-Kroasia|Serbo-Kroasia]]''': [[Basa Bosnia|Bosnia]], [[Basa Kroasia|Kroasia]], [[Basa Montenegro|Montenegro]], jeung [[Basa Serbia|Serbia]]—wangun luluguna mangrupa hiji basa anu sarua sacara struktural nu matak bisa silih mikaharti,<ref name="KordiJin">{{cite book|last=Kordić|series=Rotulus Universitas|authorlink=Snježana Kordić|year=2010|language=Serbo-Croatian|title=Jezik i nacionalizam|trans_title=Language and Nationalism|url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/475567.Jezik_i_nacionalizam.pdf|deadurl=no|first=Snježana|publisher=Durieux|location=Zagreb|pages=101–108|isbn=978-953-188-311-5|lccn=2011520778|oclc=729837512|ol=15270636W|archivedate=2012-07-08|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/690BiBe4T?url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/475567.Jezik_i_nacionalizam.pdf|accessdate=3 Agustus 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601175359/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/475567.Jezik_i_nacionalizam.pdf |date=2012-06-01 }}</ref> boh lisan atawa tulis (lamun pada-pada maké [[alfabét Latin]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Kordić|first=Snježana|authorlink=Snježana Kordić|editor1-last=Krause|editor1-first=Marion|editor2-last=Sappok|editor2-first=Christian|title=Slavistische Linguistik 2002: Referate des XXVIII. Konstanzer Slavistischen Arbeitstreffens, Bochum 10-12 September 2002|series=Slavistishe Beiträge ; vol. 434|publisher=Otto Sagner|pages=110–114|language=German|chapter=Pro und kontra: "Serbokroatisch" heute|trans_chapter=Pro and contra: "Serbo-Croatian" nowadays|chapterurl=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/430499.PRO_UND_KONTRA_SERBOKROATISCH.PDF|deadurl=no|location=Munich|year=2004|isbn=3-87690-885-X|oclc=56198470|archivedate=2012-08-04|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69f5n0ek4?url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/430499.PRO_UND_KONTRA_SERBOKROATISCH.PDF|accessdate=23 Januari 2015}}</ref> Basa-basa éta dianggap papisah ku sabab alesan politik.<ref>{{cite book|title=Language and identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croatian and its disintegration|page=14|last=Greenberg|first=Robert David|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-925815-4|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3ZvDJQHaUZkC&pg=PA13&dq=bosnian+serbian+croatian+language+mutual&cd=1#v=onepage&q=renamed%20these%20classes&f=false}}</ref> ** Dialék-dialék basa Serbo-Kroasia ([[Dialek Kajkavia|Kajkavia]], [[Dialek Chakavia|Chakavia]], [[Dialek Shtokavia|Shtokavia]], jeung [[Dialek Torlakia|Torlakia]]) dianggap ku sababaraha urang salaku basa. Wangun lulugu kaopat dialék éta didasarkeun kana wangun lulugu dialék Shtokavia. Kasilihngartian kaopat dialék éta téh variasi pisan, boh antardialék atawa jeung basa deungeun. Dialék Kajkavia mikasilihngartian jeung [[Basa Slovénia|Slovénia]] sarta dialék Torlakia (dianggap ku sababaraha urang salaku subdialék Shtokavia) mikasilihngartian sacara signifikan jeung [[Basa Makédonia|Makédonia]] jeung [[Basa Bulgaria|Bulgaria]].<ref name="Bul20">[http://books.google.com/books?id=F7-Bees_VvAC&pg=PA280&dq=%D0%97%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%BE%D1%82+18+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA,+%D0%B2:+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%A5%D0%A5+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&hl=bg&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Българският език през ХХ век (Basa Bulgaria pada Abad XX)]</ref> * '''[[Basa Tagalog|Tagalog]]''': [[Basa Filipino|Filipino]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dalityapi.com/2007_08_01_archive.html|title=Salinan arsip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127013528/http://www.dalityapi.com/2007_08_01_archive.html|archive-date=2013-01-27|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-09-30}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127013528/http://www.dalityapi.com/2007_08_01_archive.html |date=2013-01-27 }}</ref>—minangka basa nasional [[Filipina]], basa Filipino dumasar kana ampir sagemblengna basa Tagalog dialék Luzon. == Rujukan == {{reflist}} {{Linguistik-stub}} [[Kategori:Linguistik]] 6rq03w7ztm4nzcwi5yujn65yi81nm70 Karajaan Kalinyamat 0 102923 729156 708804 2026-09-26T12:57:39Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729156 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karajaan Kalinyamat''' (ogé dikenal '''Karajaan Jepara''') nyaéta karajaan Jawa abad kagenep belas anu puseurna di [[Jepara]]. Boh Kalinyamat jeung Jepara asalna dua kadipaten misah nu tunduk kana [[Kasultanan Demak]]. Sanggeus [[Pangeran Trenggana]] pupus, Kalinyamat meunangkeun Jepara, Pati, Juwana, jeung Rembang.{{Sfn|Hayati|2000|p=40}} Puncak kajayaanana lumangsung dina pertengahan abad kagenep belas nalika Kalinyamat dipingpin ku Ratu Kalinyamat. Dina taun 1551 jeung 1574, Kalinyamat nyieun ékspédisi ka [[Melaka Portugis|Portugis Melaka]] pikeun ngusir [[Portugal]] ti Hindia Wétan bari ngaluaskeun kakawasaanana ka luar Jawa, saperti [[Kalimantan Kulon]] jeung Pulo Bawean.{{Sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=41}}{{Sfn|Hayati|2000|p=31 jeung 67}} == Sajarah == === Awal mimitina === Wilayah Kalinyamat ayana kurang leuwih 18 km ka leuweung ti Jepara. Dina abad kagenep belas éta wewengkon jadi puseur pamaréntahan pikeun dayeuh palabuan [[Jepara]]. Numutkeun salah sahiji catetan naskah, Kalinyamat diadegkeun ku Juragan Tionghoa ngaranna (sanggeus diganti ku basa Jawa) Wintang, anu kapalna kandas di basisir Jepara. Nalika anjeuna sumping di Jepara (Jung Mara) dina kaayaan malarat, tuluy anjeuna dibantuan diajar basa daerah ku sabangsana anu samemehna asup [[Islam]]. Teras anjeunna diislamkeun ku [[Sunan Kudus]] sareng gentos namina janten Rakit. Sababaraha waktu ti harita, anjeunna ngadegkeun hiji dukuh di sisi jalan antara [[Kabupatén Kudus|Kudus]] jeung Jepara anu laun-laun jadi tempat anu maju jeung pesat. Anjeunna teras ngawula ka Sultan Trenggana di [[Kabupatén Demak|Demak]], sareng ngagaduhan salah sahiji putri Sultan Trenggana janten pamajikana. Nurutkeun silsilah Karajaan Demak, éta putri kacatet minangka [[Ratu Aria Jepara]] atawa dina ''[[Babad Tanah Jawi]]'' disebut [[Ratu Kalinyamat]].{{Sfn|de Graaf|2019|p=173-174}} === Pupusna Sultan Hadlirin === Dina taun 1549 kulawarga [[Sunan Prawata]], sultan Demak kaopat, dipaéhan ku Rangkut jeung Gopta, bawahana [[Arya Penangsang]], bupati Jipang Panolan. Ratu Kalinyamat manggihan keris Kyai Betok milik Sunan Kudus napel dina mayit lanceukna. Ku kituna, Pangeran jeung Ratu Kalinyamat indit ka Kudus ménta katerangan. Nurutkeun ''Babad Tanah Jawi'', Ratu Kalinyamat datang pikeun nungtut kaadilan pupusna lanceukna, tapi Sunan Kudus ngadukung Arya Penangsang dina perebutan tahta sanggeus Sultan Trenggana pupus. Dijelaskeun, waktu keur ngora Sunan Prawata geus maehan [[Pangeran Sekar Seda ing Lepen]], ramana Arya Penangsang. Ku kituna, Sunan Kudus ningali éta minangka imbalan. Ratu Kalinyamat kuciwa ku sikep Sunan Kudus. Manéhna jeung salakina milih mulang ka Jepara. Di jalan, aranjeunna disergap ku anak buah Arya Penangsang nepika Pangeran Kalinyamat pupus. Nanging ratu Kalinyamat berhasil kabur tina kajadian rajapati eta. Manéhna tuluy hayang males kanyeri ku cara ménta tulung ka iparna, nyaéta [[Hadiwijaya]], bupati Pajang, sabab manéhna hiji-hijina nu boga kakuatan nu sarua jeung bupati Jipang. Hadiwijaya segan langsung nyanghareupan Arya Penangsang sabab duanana anggota kulawarga Demak. akhirna anjeunna ngayakeun pasanggiri anu dipasihan hadiah tanah Mataram sareng Pati. Pasanggiri ieu dimeunangkeun ku [[Ki Ageng Pamanahan]] jeung [[Ki Panjawi]]. Arya Penangsang pupus di tangan putra Ki Ageng Pemanahan, Sutawijaya jeung berkat siasat tina [[Ki Juru Martani]]. === Sanggeus Arya Penangsang === Ratu Kalinyamat malik tahta sanggeus Arya Penangsang pupus taun 1549. Satuluyna Kalinyamat, Demak, jeung Jipang jadi bawahan [[Kasultanan Pajang|Pajang]], dipingpin ku Sultan Hadiwijaya. Sanajan kitu, Hadiwijaya tetep nganggap Ratu Kalinyamat salaku inohong anu dipihormat, malah Hadiwijaya teu boga niat ngawas Kalinyamat. Kitu deui jeung Ratu Kalinyamat anu teu ningali Pajang jadi halangan. Kacatet para padagang ti [[Acéh]], Melaka, Banten, Demak, [[Kota Semarang|Semarang]], Tegal, [[Bali]], [[Kota Makassar|Makasar]], Banjarmasin, [[Kabupatén Tuban|Tuban]] jeung [[Kabupatén Gresik|Gresik]] ogé ngahirupkeun Jepara. Bisa disebutkeun yén Palabuhan Jepara mangrupa tempat transaksi perdagangan internasional. Ratu Kalinyamat ogé ngumpulkeun bea cukai pikeun unggal kapal anu transaksi di Palabuhan Jepara. Hasil tina perdagangan béas jeung cukai ngajadikeun Jepara jadi karajaan anu makmur. Dina hiji carita, Kaagungan jeung kawani Ratu Kalinyamat diakuan ku sejarawan Portugis Diogo do Couto dina buku nu judulna ''Da Asia de João de Barros'' kalawan babasan ''Rainha de Japara, senhora poderosa, e rica'' nu hartina "ratu Jepara, wanoja kakawasaan. jeung kakayaan."{{Sfn|de Graaf|2019|p=44}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Da Asia de João de Barros e de Diogo de Couto|url=http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb09barr|publisher=Lisboa : Na Regia officina typografica|date=1778|last=Brandeis University Libraries|first=João de}}</ref> == Hubungan jeung Maluku == Sumber-sumber basa Portugis ngalaporkeun yén [[Karajaan Tanah Hitu]] sababaraha kali menta tulung ka Kalinyamat ngalawan Portugis sarta suku-suku séjénna anu masih turunan maranéhanana, nyaéta Suku Hative. Bantuan kahiji dikirimkeun dina taun 1565. Perlawanan ieu ngahasilkeun pangaruh ka Portugis 10 taun sanggesna anu lalaunan ninggalkeun Maluku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/kerajaan-tanah-hitu-dan-jurang-dua-agama-di-maluku-cyfc|title=Kerajaan Tanah Hitu dan Jurang Dua Agama di Maluku|last=RS|first=Zen|website=tirto.id|language=id|accessdate=2021-11-30}}</ref> == Kamunduran == Sanggeus Ratu Kalinyamat pupus dina warsih 1579, kakawasaanana diganti ku putra angkatna, [[Pangeran Arya Jepara]]. Sanajan pangaruhna teu kuat saperti bibina, kakawasaan Arya Jepara di wewengkon laut tetep dipikahormat.{{Sfn|Hayati|2000|p=67}} Taun 1580, [[Maulana Yusuf]], Raja Banten jeung pahlawan nu ngarebut Pajajaran, pupus. Anjeunna ngan ninggalkeun putra anu ngora kénéh. Numutkeun para sastrawan sajarah di [[Banten]], pangeran Jepara anu masih lanceukna Maulana Yusuf, nungtut hakna kana tahta [[Kasultanan Banten]]. Anjeunna sareng panglima armada [[Demang Laksamana]] angkat ti Jepara ka Banten. Tapi dugi ka dinya, Demang Laksamana tiwas dina perang ngalawan Perdana Mentri Banten, ku kituna Pangean Jepara kapaksa mulih. Ti saprak kajadian ieu, pangaruh pamaréntahan Jepara di [[Jawa Kulon]] lekasan.{{Sfn|de Graaf|2019|p=180}} Dina mangsa pamarentahan Pangeran Arya Jepara, [[Kasultanan Mataram]] anu dipingpin ku [[Sutawijaya]] sababaraha kali nyoba nalukkeun Kalinyamat, tapi gagal sabab Kota Jepara ditangtayungan ku benteng ngalingkar anu nyanghareup ka pedalaman sarta dijaga ketat ku pasukanana. Nurutkeun para pelaut [[Walanda]] anu nuturkeun ekspedisi Eerste Schipvaert I, dina abad ka genep belas lolobana kota palabuan di Jawa dikurilingan ku tembok batu atawa kai di sisi anu nyanghareup ka pedalaman.{{Sfn|de Graaf|2019|p=181}} Ngan dina taun 1599 Mataram berhasil nalukkeun Kalinyamat kalayan serangan anu ngancurkeun dayeuh Jepara, sacara fisik, politik, jeung ékonomi.{{Sfn|Hayati|2000|p=67}}{{Sfn|Supriyono|2013|p=35}} Dina surat Walanda taun 1615 (Colenbrander, Coen VII: 45), aya kecap ngeunaan ''destructie'' anu hartina karusakan di Kota Jepara. Serangan Kasultanan Mataram ti pedalaman ka kota palabuan basisir nimbulkeun karuksakan anu kacida gedéna, jeung kamungkinan Karajaan Kalimat téh salah sahiji anu jadi korban serangan éta.{{Sfn|de Graaf|2019|p=181}} Sumber tradisional ngarujuk kana kajadian ieu salaku ''bedhahe Kalinyamat'', anu hartina "runtuhna Kalinyamat".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sejarah dan hari jadi Jepara|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&id=3glAAAAAMAAJ&dq=bedhahe+kalinyamat&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=tahun+1599+Masehi|publisher=Panitia Penyusunan Hari Jadi Jepara, Pemerintah Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Jepara|date=1988|language=id}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> == Daptar pustaka == {{refbegin|1}} * {{Cite book|last=Hayati|date=2000|url=|title=Peranan Ratu Kalinyamat di Jepara Pada Abad XVI|location=Jakarta|publisher=Proyek Peningkatan Kesadaran Sejarah Nasional Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional|isbn=|pages=|url-status=live|first=Chusnul|ref={{harvid|Hayati dkk.|2000}}}} * {{Cite book|last=Olthof|first=Willem Lodewijk|date=2008|url=|title=Babad Tanah Jawi|location=Yogyakarta|publisher=Narasi|isbn=|pages=|translator-last=Soemarsono|translator-first=H. R.|url-status=live}} * {{Cite book|last=[[M.C. Ricklefs|Ricklefs]]|first=[[M.C. Ricklefs|Merle Calvin]]|date=2008|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=HPEnBQAAQBAJ|title=A History of Modern Indonesian since c.1200|location=|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781137149183|pages=|url-status=live|edition=4}} * {{Cite book|last=de Graff|first=H.J.|last2=Pigeaud|first2=TH. G. TH.|date=2019|title=Kerajaan Islam Pertama di Jawa: Tinjauan Sejarah Politik Abad XV dan XVI, cetakan V edisi revisi|location=Yogyakarta|publisher=MataBangsa|isbn=9789799471239|pages=|url-status=live}} * {{Cite journal|last=Sofiana|first=Anas|date=2017|title=Ratu Kalinyamat Penguasa Wanita Jepara Tahun 1549-1579.|url=https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/avatara/article/view/21467|journal=Avatara|volume=5|issue=3|pages=|doi=|issn=2354-5569|ref=harv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108232814/https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/avatara/article/view/21467|archive-date=2021-01-08|accessdate=2021-11-30}} * {{Cite journal|last=Supriyono|first=Agustinus|date=2013|title=Tinjauan Historis Jepara Sebagai Kerajaan Maritim dan Kota Pelabuhan|url=https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/paramita/article/view/2494|journal=Paramita|volume=23|issue=1|pages=|doi=10.15294/paramita.v23i1.2494|issn=2407-5825|ref=harv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726130634/https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/paramita/article/view/2494|archive-date=2020-07-26|accessdate=2021-11-30}} * {{Cite thesis|last=Qomariyah|title=Peranan Kerajaan Kalinyamat dalam Pengembangan Islam di Jepara (1527-1599 M)|date=2016|degree=Undergraduate|publisher=UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya|url=http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/9172/|doi=|first=Lailatul|ref=harv|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130130327/http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/9172/|archivedate=2021-11-30|accessdate=2021-11-30}} menrlnbilp87tjjtlq3lk4zh32mn4fs Kanna Hashimoto 0 102995 729136 676087 2026-09-26T12:48:40Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729136 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hashimoto Kanna at Opening Ceremony of the Tokyo International Film Festival 2017 (40170991342).jpg|thumb|Kanna Hashimoto]] {{Nihongo|'''Kanna Hashimoto'''|橋本 環奈|Hashimoto Kanna|lahir on 3 Pébruari 1999}} nyaéta saurang panyanyi sareng aktris [[Jepang]]. == Biografi == Taun 2009, Kanna Hashimoto ngagabung ka agénsi bakat sareng hiburan Active Hakata. Anjeunna teras janten anggota grup idola DVL. Grup ieu engké diganti ngaranna jadi Rev. ti DVL di 2011, taun anu sarua Hashimoto co-dibéntangan dina pilem diréktur Koreeda Hirokazu Kiseki salaku Kanna Hayami.<ref name="CG1">{{cite web|url= http://todayidol.com/drama/12354|title= Hashimoto Kanna Akan Bermain Dalam Drama “Suikyuu Yankees’|work= |publisher= todayidol|accessdate= 1 April 2015|language= |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132414/http://todayidol.com/drama/12354|archivedate= 4 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="japanesestation.com">{{cite web|url= http://japanesestation.com/yuk-kita-berkenalan-dengan-kanna-hashimoto-idol-yang-hanya-ada-sekali-dalam-seribu-tahun/|title= Yuk kita berkenalan dengan Kanna Hashimoto, idol yang hanya ada Sekali dalam Seribu Tahun!|work= |publisher= japanesestation.com|accessdate= 1 April 2015|language= }}</ref><ref name="kejepangyuk.com">{{cite web|url= http://kejepangyuk.com/hashimoto-kanna-profil/|title= Hashimoto Kanna, Malaikat dari Fukuoka|work= |publisher= kejepangyuk.com|accessdate= 1 April 2015|language= |archive-date= 2015-04-02|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150402093258/http://kejepangyuk.com/hashimoto-kanna-profil/|dead-url= yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402093258/http://kejepangyuk.com/hashimoto-kanna-profil/ |date=2015-04-02 }}</ref> Dina bulan Nopémber 2013 poto-poto narina sumebar dina Forum, 2ch sareng [[Média Sosial]], [[Twitter]] ngagaduhan seueur perhatian sareng anjeunna janten topik panas dina [[internét]] anu nyababkeun situs wéb resmi agénsina nabrak. Sababaraha netizen nyebat anjeunna "idola anu ngan muncul sakali dina sarébu taun." Anjeunna ogé dilandian "天使すぎるアイドル / Kawaii Sugiru Idol".<ref name="japanesestation.com"/><ref name="kejepangyuk.com"/> April 2014 Rev ti DVL debut dina labél utama dina labél Yoshimoto R&C sareng Kanna Hashimoto janten pusat sareng ikon grup. Juli 2014 anjeunna dibéntangan dina drama komedi rumaja "Suikyuu Yankees" .<ref name="CG1" /> Hashimoto ngarilis buku poto solo kahijina anu judulna Little Star Kanna ~ 15 ~ dina 14 Nopémber 2014, gawé bareng jeung fotografer [[Singapura]] kasohor Leslie Kee.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://todayidol.com/news/photobook/15650|title= Hashimoto Kanna Rev. from DVL Gelar Acara Jabat Tangan Untuk Photobook Pertamanya|work= |publisher= todayidol|accessdate= 1 April 2015|language= |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170517180027/https://todayidol.com/news/photobook/15650|archivedate= 17 May 2017 }}</ref> Januari 2015 Hashimoto Kanna meunang '26th Japan Best Jewellery Wearer Awards' Panghargaan ieu dibikeun ka selebriti ti generasi béda anu kasampak alus dina perhiasan. Hashimoto Kanna kaasup kana kategori nonoman, anjeunna téh juara bungsu dina sajarah pangajén ieu.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://todayidol.com/news/entertainment/16699|title= Hashimoto Kanna Rev. from DVL Raih Penghargaan ’26th Japan Best Jewellery Wearer Awards’|work= |publisher= todayidol|accessdate= 1 April 2015|language= |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160422071702/http://todayidol.com/news/entertainment/16699|archivedate= 22 April 2016 }}</ref> dina Maret 2015 Hashimoto co-béntangan dina adaptasi manga Yusei Matsui , Ansatsu Kyoushitsu / Assassination Classroom anjeunna dilayanan salaku Ritsu / Fixed Artillery Thinking autonomously. Ritsu mangrupikeun robot kalayan tampilan layar sareng ogé murid kelas 3-E.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://japanesestation.com/idol-seperti-malaikat-kanna-hashimoto-bergabung-dalam-film-live-action-assassination-classroom-sebagai-ritsu/|title= “Idol Seperti Malaikat” Kanna Hashimoto bergabung dalam film live-action “Assassination Classroom” sebagai Ritsu|work= |publisher= japanesestation.com|accessdate= 1 April 2015|language= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://japanesia.co.id/kanna-hashimoto-ambil-bagian-di-film-live-action-assassination-classroom/|title= Kanna Hashimoto Ambil Bagian di Film Live Action Assassination Classroom|work= |publisher= japanesia.co.id|accessdate= 1 April 2015|language= |archive-date= 2015-04-02|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140558/https://japanesia.co.id/kanna-hashimoto-ambil-bagian-di-film-live-action-assassination-classroom/|dead-url= yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140558/https://japanesia.co.id/kanna-hashimoto-ambil-bagian-di-film-live-action-assassination-classroom/ |date=2015-04-02 }}</ref> == Filmografi == * ''[[Kiseki]] '' (2011) * ''[[Assassination Classroom (film)|Assassination Classroom]]'' (2015) * ''[[Psychic Kusuo]] '' (2017) * Sailor suit and machine gun graduation * Gintama Live Action * Kaguya-sama: Love is War (2019) * Kyo kara ore wa! (2020) == Drama televisi == * ''Sumiyoshi ya Monogatari ~Wakuwaku ga, Ka ni Yattekuru~'' (2012, [[RKB Mainichi Broadcasting]]) * ''Suikyū Yankees'' (2014, [[Fuji TV]]) * ''Nemesis'' (2021) == Acara TV == * Min'na no Seishun Nozoki mi TV TEEN!TEEN! (RKB Mainichi Broadcasting) [2014–ayeuna] == Buku Poto == * [2014] ''Little Star'' ~ Kanna 15 ~ == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu éksternal == {{Commonscat}} * {{Twitter|H_KANNA_0203}} * {{Instagram|kannahashimoto.mg|橋本環奈マネージャー}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hashimoto, Kanna ?uselang=su}} [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1999]] [[Kategori:Jalma hirup]] oeycwc3f5s9w5dbfj1erctfeq2pga1k Otong Kosasih 0 103406 729242 704589 2026-09-26T19:18:43Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |office = Rektor Institut Teknologi Bandung |order = 2 |image = Prof Ir R O Kosasih.jpg |term_start = 1 November 1959 |term_end = 20 April 1964 |predecessor = Presidium:<br /> Prof. Ir. R. [[Soemono]]<br /> Prof. Ir. R. [[Goenarso]]<br /> Prof. dr. R. M. [[Djoehana Wiradikarta]]<br /> Prof. Ir. [[Soetedjo (akademisi)|Soetedjo]]<br /> {{nowrap|Prof. Dr. Ir. R. M. [[Soemantri Brodjonegoro]]}} |successor = {{nowrap|Ir. R. [[Ukar Bratakusumah]]}} |name = R. O. Kosasih |caption = Rektor ITB 1959-1964 |birth_name = Radén Otong Kosasih |birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|5|15}} |birth_place = {{negara|Belanda}} Cibodas, Majalaya, [[Jawa Barat]], [[Hindia Belanda]] |death_date = |death_place = |nationality = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] |alma_mater = [[TH Bandung]]<br /> Ir. - [[Universitas Teknik Delft|TH Delft]] }} '''Otong Kosasih''' atawa leuwih dipikawanoh '''Prof. Ir. Radén Otong Kosasih''' ([[Babar|gumelar]] di [[Cibodas, Solokan Jeruk, Bandung|Cibodas]], [[Majalaya, Bandung|Majalaya]], [[Jawa Kulon]] 15 Mei 1905) mangrupa [[Prosésor|profesor]] di widang [[teknik elektro]]. Manéhna ogé mangrupa [[rektor]] nu paling awal di [[Institut Teknologi Bandung]] (ITB) nu ngajabat dina taun 1 November 1959- 20 April 1964 periode kahijina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rektorkita.itb.ac.id/sejarah|title=Sejarah Rektor ITB {{!}} Pemilihan Rektor Kita 2014 2019 {{!}} Institut Teknologi Bandung|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2022-06-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713195932/http://rektorkita.itb.ac.id/sejarah|archivedate=2017-07-13}}</ref> Di masa [[Menteri Perhubungan]] nu dipingpin ku [[Ir. R. Rooseno]] jeung jeung Dirjen Kepala/DKA [[Ir. Moh. Effendi Saleh]], Otong Kosasih masa éta ngajabat jadi Direktur Traksi jeung [[Material Direktorat Jenderal/Djawatan]] kereta api (DDKA- nu ayeuna jadi [[PT KAI]]). Anjeunna ogé kungsi ngajabat jadi staf pengajar di bagian [[Teknik Elektro]] Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia [[Bandung]] (aran saacan jadi [[ITB]]). == Referensi == <references /> [[Kategori:Inohong Sunda]] [[Kategori:Rektor Institut Teknologi Bandung]] b43n5jhpr00crau8v3txgags324gvmv Kareumbi 0 103544 729167 674598 2026-09-26T13:01:07Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Homalanthus populneus'' | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tracheophyta]] | classis = [[Tanom nga bulak (tanom)|Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Malpighiales]] | familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]] | genus = ''[[Homalanthus]]'' | species = '''''Homalanthus populneus''''' | binomial = ''Homalanthus populneus'' | binomial_authority = ([[Eduard Ferdinand Geiseler|Geiseler]]) [[Ferdinand Albin Pax|Pax]] | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = ''Homalanthus sulawesianus'' <small>Airy Shaw</small><br>''Homalanthus populneus minor'' <small>([[Johannes Müller Argoviensis|Müll.Arg.]]) [[Elmer Drew Merrill|Merr.]]</small><br>''Homalanthus populneus laevis'' <small>([[Francisco Manuel Blanco|Blanco]]) [[Elmer Drew Merrill|Merr.]]</small><br>''Homalanthus populneus genuinus'' <small>Pax, not validly publ.</small><br>''Homalanthus leschenaultianus'' <small>[[Adrien Henri Laurent de Jussieu|A.Juss.]]</small><br>''Homalanthus populneum minus'' <small>[[Johannes Müller Argoviensis|Müll.Arg.]]</small><br>''Homalanthus populneum'' <small>([[Eduard Ferdinand Geiseler|Geiseler]]) [[Johannes Müller Argoviensis|Müll.Arg.]]</small><br>''Homalanthus populifolium'' <small>[[Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt|Reinw.]] ex [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]</small><br>''Homalanthus populnea'' <small>[[Eduard Ferdinand Geiseler|Geiseler]]</small><br>''Homalanthus laevis'' <small>[[Francisco Manuel Blanco|Blanco]]</small> }} '''Kareumbi''' ('''''Homalanthus populneus''''') nyaéta hiji spésiés tangkal kai ti kulawarga [[Poaceae]]. Jangkungna bisa nepi ka 12 m,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Homalanthus populneus - Useful Tropical Plants|url=http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Homalanthus+populneus|website=tropical.theferns.info|access-date=2021-09-26}}</ref> pituin Asia Tenggara <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jamun|first=Rosalia|last2=Hendra|first2=Medi|last3=Hariani|first3=Nova|date=2020-07-30|title=KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN OBAT DI SUKU MANGGARAI KECAMATAN NDOSO KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR (NTT)|url=https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/PMP/article/view/40810|journal=Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA|language=en|volume=11|issue=2|pages=271–299|doi=10.26418/jpmipa.v11i2.40810|issn=2579-7530|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202203109/https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/PMP/article/view/40810|archive-date=2022-12-02|accessdate=2022-05-30}}</ref>. ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Kapuloan Kanari]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Jawa]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Pilipina]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Thailan]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Hawaii]] [[Kategori:Homalanthus]] {{pondok}} k0h0z1bkbac49bgx0tq0geg8hez05t1 Kasirun Situmorang 0 103610 729185 712287 2026-09-26T13:56:23Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729185 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Mayor Jenderal]] [[TNI]] ([[Marinir|Mar]]) '''Kasirun Situmorang''', S.H. ({{lahir|[[Kabanjahe, Karo]], [[Sumatera Utara]]|29|10|1964}}) nyaéta [[pensiunan|pajabat luhur]] [[TNI-AL]] anu ayeuna nyekel amanat salaku TA Reviewer Tawaran. Démografi Lemhannas. Kasirun, alumnus [[Akademi Angkatan Laut]] (AAL) angkatan XXXII/1987. Jabatan pamungkas jenderal bintang dua ieu nya éta TA Guru Besar Politik Lemhannas. ==Atikan Militer == * Akademi Angkatan Laut A-32 (1987) *Dik * Diksarcab Marinir * Diktaifib * PTAL * Dik Hunter (Satgas Rajawali) *Seskoal * Sesko TNI * Lemhannas RI == Karir militér == * Danyon Taifib-1 Mar (2000-2001) * Pasintel Brigif-1 Mar (2001-2004) * Panglima Denjaka (2004-2005) * Pasiops Brigif 2 Mar (2005) * Asops Casspar-1 * Dan Brigif-1 Mar (2009-2010) * Staf Ahli Pangarmabar (2010-2012) * Asops Kaskormar (2012-2014) * Wadan Lantamal I/Medan (2014)<ref>[http://www.tnial.mil.id/tabid/79/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/18771/Default.aspx "Sertijab Wadan Lantamal I Belawan"]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{ Link maot|tanggal=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Website Resmi Markas Angkatan Laut Indonésia''</ref> * Panglima Marinir I (2014—2015)<ref>[http://www.tni.mil.id/view-63067-mutasi-jabatan-43-perwira-tinggi-tni.html "] ''Website Resmi Markas TNI''</ref><ref>[http://www.tnial.mil.id/tabid/79/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/20786/Default.aspx "Memorandum serah terima Panglima Pasmar-1"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714135609/http://www.tnial.mil.id/tabid/79/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/20786/ |date=2014-07-14 }} ''Website Resmi Markas Angkatan Laut Indonésia''</ref><ref>[http://www.marinir.mil.id/index.php/component/content /article/138-sertijab /2889-kolonel-marinir-kasirun-situmorang-badan-pasmar-1 "Kolonel (Mar) Kasirun Situmorang salaku Panglima Pasmar 1"]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Tumbu maot|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes } } ''Web Web Resmi Korps Marinir TNI AL''</ref> * Kapala Staf Korps Marinir<ref>[http://www.tni.mil.id/view-81032-mutasi-jabatan-84-perwira-tni.html Mutasi Jabatan 84 Perwira TNI]</ref > (2015—2016) * Wadan Kodiklatal<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tniad.mil.id/index.php/2016/10/mutasi-jabatan-74-perwira-tinggi-tni/ |title="Mutasi Posisi 74 perwira tinggi TNI" |access-date=2016-10-14 |archive-date=2016-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017212458/http://http/ |dead-url=yes |accessdate=2022-06-09 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017212458/http://www.tniad.mil.id/index.php/2016/10/mutasi-jabatan-74-perwira-tinggi-tni/ |date=2016-10-17 }}</ref> (2016—2017) * Danlantamal VII/Kupang<ref>[https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3756448/jelang-pensiun-jenderal-gatot-mutasi-85-perwira-tni {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408061208/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3756448/jelang-pensiun-jenderal-gatot-mutasi-85-perwira-tni |date=2023-04-08 }} "Menjelang Pangsiun, Mutasi Jenderal Gatot 85 TNI Patugas "</ref> (2017-2019) * Reviewer Perantara TA pikeun Tawaran Pulitik Lemhannas (2019-2020) * Tawar Reviewer TA. Démografi Lemhannas (2020—Ayeuna) == Rujukan == {{Review}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Situmorang, Kasirun}} {{tokoh-militer-stub}} [[Kategori:Tokoh TNI]] [[Kategori:Alumni Akademi Angkatan Laut XXXII/1987]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Batak|S]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Karo]] [[Kategori:Marga Situmorang|Kasirun]] [[Nia:Kasirun Situmorang]] [[Id:Kasirun Situmorang]] [[Bug:Kasirun Situmorang]] ngjecan5xpybqzmxobhdko674xandcv Psikolog 0 103624 729271 675894 2026-09-26T21:00:34Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Psikolog''' nyaéta saurang ahli [[psikologi]], hiji élmu [[pangaweruh]] ngeunaan pari polah jeung [[kaséhatan]] méntal. Di Indonesia, psikolog sacara husus ngarujuk ka saurang praktisi psikologi nu geus nyuprih atikan profési psikologi. Magister (S2) Profési Psikologi lilana 5 seméster atawa minimal 2,5 taun, sarta ppanglilana 10 seméster atawa 5 taun jeung miboga gelar (M.Psi, Psikolog). Saurang ahli psikologi nu teu nyuprih atikan profési psikologi disebut ilmuwan psikologi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://himpsi.or.id/kode-etik-psikologi-indonesia|title=Kode Etik Psikologi Indonesia - Kode Etik Psikologi Indonesia|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2022-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107010704/http://himpsi.or.id/kode-etik-psikologi-indonesia|archivedate=2017-11-07}}</ref> Psikolog dina enas-enasna nyaéta saurang ahli dina widang psikologi, teu leupas naha ngalakukeun prakték psikologi atawa ogé henteu. Ieu hal saluyu jeung pertélaan Guru Besar Fakultas Psikologi Indonesia, Prof. Dr. Sarlito Wirawan Sarwono, dina buku ''Dialog Psikologi Indonesia: Doeloe, Kini dan Esok'' nu dimedalkeun ku Himpunan Psikologi Indonesia/HIMPSI taun 2007, yén "Di Amerika, prakték atawa teu prakték, ngaranna ''psychologist''; rék éta ''social psychologist, educational psychologist, cultural psychologist''; kabéh gé disebut ''psychologist''".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mhs.blog.ui.ac.id/juneman/2017/03/19/sejarah-psikologi-di-indonesia-penuturan-tokoh/|title=Sejarah Psikologi di Indonesia: Penuturan Tokoh – Juneman Abraham|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2022-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127175358/https://mhs.blog.ui.ac.id/juneman/2017/03/19/sejarah-psikologi-di-indonesia-penuturan-tokoh/|archivedate=2021-01-27}}</ref> == Klasifikasi Psikolog == # [https://www.farukcesur.com.tr/psikolog-nedir Psikolog] akademik (''academic psychologist'') nu muser kana pangajaran jeung panalungtikan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Malouff|first=John|last2=Schutte|first2=Nicola|last3=Priest|first3=Jennifer|date=2010-06-01|title=Publication rates of Australian academic psychologists|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060903078536|journal=Australian Psychologist|volume=45|issue=2|pages=78–83|doi=10.1080/00050060903078536|issn=0005-0067}}</ref> Psikolog akademik nyaéta psikolog sosial (''social psychologist''), nu neuleuman dinamika interpersonal jeung kelompok sarta tantangan sosial, saperti prasangka, bias implisit, intimidasi, kagiatan kriminal, jeung pamakéan zat. # Psikolog terapan (''applied psychologist'') nu muser kana aplikasi dina rupa-rupa asp kkahirupan, saperti dina komunitas, kaséhatan, ékonomi, hukum, peauahaan, seaolah lingkungan hidrp, olah raga, militer, djeung égonomika. # Psikolog profési (''professional psychologist'') atawa psikolog klinis (''clinical psychologist''). Psikolog klinis nyaéta Sarjana Psikologi (S1) jeung/atawa atikan profési tina kurikulum baheula; atawa saurang nu lulus ti Magister Psikologi Profesi (S2) peminatan klinis (''anak/dewasa'') tina kurikulum anyar.<ref name=":0" /> == Bédana Psikolog jeung Ilmuwan Psikolog == Kode Etik Himpunan Psikologi nyebutkeun yén ilmuwan psikologi miboga tanggung jawab méré layanan dina wangun ngajar, ngalakasanakeun [[panalungtikan]] jeung/atawa intervénsi sosial dina area nu sawates kompeténsina, dumasar atikan, pelatihan atawa pangalaman nu luyu jeung kaidah-kaidah ilmiah. Psikolog bisa méré layanan sakumaha nu dilakukeun ku ilmuwan psikologi sarta sacara husus bisa ngalakukeun prakték psikologi utamana nu patali jeung asésmen tur intervénsi nu ditetepkeun sanggeus meunang idin prakték sawates kompeténsina, dumasar atikan, pelatihan atawa pangalaman nu luyu jeung kaidah-kaidah ilmiah nu bisat dipertanggungjawabkeun.<ref name=":0" /> Ngaliwatan surat édaran ti HIMPSI Nomor: 001/SE/PP-HIMPSI/XII/15 ngeunaan "Penulisan Sebutan Psikolog"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.himpsi.or.id/publikasi/makalah-artikel/43-semua-kategori/non-menu/pengumuman/74-surat-edaran-penulisan-sebutan-psikolog|title=Surat Edaran Penulisan Sebutan Psikolog|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2022-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211201/http://www.himpsi.or.id/publikasi/makalah-artikel/43-semua-kategori/non-menu/pengumuman/74-surat-edaran-penulisan-sebutan-psikolog|archivedate=2018-06-29}}</ref>, unggal anggota HIMPSI nu miboga hak jeung nu geus boga ''Surat Sebutan Psikolog'' (SSP) wajib pikeun nuliskeun sebutan psikolog dina ngaranna séwang-séwangan. Cara nulis sebutan Psikolog nyaéta dituliskeun di tukangeun ngaran ku kecap Psikolog nu lengkep nu dimimitian ku aksara gedé jeung teu meunang disingkat. Ieu hal ngandung maksud sangkan masarakat bisa ngabédakeun antara psikolog jeung ilmuwan psikolog. Contona: Dr. Seger Handoyo, Psikolog atawa Al amin Ibnu S. Psi., M. Psi. Conto nu salah: Dr. Seger Handoyo, Psi. == Bédana Psikolog Klinis jeung Psikiater == Psikolog klinis jeung psikiater miboga kasang tukang akademis nu béda. Psikiater nyaéta lulusan ti Fakultas Kadokteran atawa Sakola Kadokteran nu nyokot spésialisasi kadokteran jiwa. Psikolog klinis nyaéta Sarjana Psikologi (S1) jeung/atawa atikan profési tina kurikulum baheula; atawa saurang nu lulus ti Magister Psikologi Profesi (S2) peminatan klinis (''anak/dewasa'') tina kurikulum anyar.<ref name=":0" /> Psikiater nalungtik penyebab gejala psikologi tina sisi médis jeung tina sisi kalainan susunan saraf ti jalma nu boga panyakit jiwa. Kasang tukang psikiater nyaéta saurang [[dokter]], jadi psikiater bisa méré resep obat ka pasién. Ari psikolog, nalungtik penyebab gejala psikologi tina sisi non-médis saperti pola ngasuh, sisilah kulawarga, prosés mekar jeung tumuwuh barudak nepi ka sawawa, sarta pangaruh lingkungan sosial. == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Pakasaban]] ftvcqsfwb1tqbp4bsq9s5gcq3r7q1v4 Serena (Pokémon) 0 103856 729290 713009 2026-09-26T23:06:44Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729290 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Serena from Pokemon XY.jpg|thumb|Saurang awewe anu nganggo pakean cosplay ala Serena.]] {{nihongo|'''Serena'''|[[:ja:セレナ (アニメポケットモンスター)|セレナ]]|}} nyaéta ngaran pikeun karakter fiksi tina waralaba média [[Pokémon]] anu diciptakeun ku [[Satoshi Tajiri]] sareng [[Ken Sugimori]]. Anjeunna mimiti muncul dina video kaulinan ''[[Pokémon X jeung Y]]'', salaku salah sahiji dua protagonis anu pamaen bisa milih salian Calem. Anjeunna ogé parantos muncul dina sababaraha publikasi Pokémon anu sanés, utamina dina séri anime salaku pendamping perjalanan [[Ash Ketchum]] di daérah Kalos. Dina séri manga, anu karakter sareng jalan caritana béda ti vidéo sareng versi anime, anjeunna katelah Yvonne Gabena. ==Konsepsi jeung kreasi== Karakter Serena dirancang ku Ken Sugimori jeung [[Atsuko Nishida]] pikeun vérsi vidéo kaulinan.<ref name="Sugimori">{{cite web|first=Luke|last=Plunkett|work=Kotaku|publisher=Gawker Media|date=24 Mei 2011|access-date=30 Januari 2016|title=The Man Who Creates Pokémon For a Living|url=http://kotaku.com/5804919/the-man-who-creates-pokemon-for-a-living/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025005356/http://kotaku.com/5804919/the-man-who-creates-pokemon-for-a-living/|archive-date=25 Oktober 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025005356/http://kotaku.com/5804919/the-man-who-creates-pokemon-for-a-living/ |date=2015-10-25 }}</ref> Sedengkeun pikeun vérsi séri anime dirancang ku Toshihito Hirooka,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://anilist.co/anime/21356/Pocket-Monsters-XYZ |title=Pocket Monsters XY&Z |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=anilist.co |publisher= |access-date=31 Agustus 2022 |quote=}}</ref> jeung pikeun vérsi manga ku Satoshi Yamamoto.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.animenachrichten.de/news/188481/pokemon-x-und-y-panini-veroeffentlicht-die-reihe-im-schuber |title=Pokémon X und Y: Panini veröffentlicht die Reihe im Schuber |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=25 April 2022 |website=animenachrichten.de |publisher= |access-date=31 Agustus 2022 |lang=de}}</ref> Ngaran Serena asalna tina kecap [[Basa Perancis|Perancis]] ''serein'' nu hartina "tenang" atawa "damai".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/french-english/serein |title=Serein |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Cambridge Dictionary |access-date=31 Agustus 2022 |quote=}}</ref> Mayuki Makiguchi nyoarakeun anime dina [[basa Jepang]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=15491 |title=Pokémon XY (TV) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=animenewsnetwork.com |access-date=31 Agustus 2022 |quote=}}</ref> Haven Paschall dina [[basa Inggris]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Pokémon Star Haven Paschall Discusses Serena's Departure and the Kiss Scene|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HA3LxekTbQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921164310/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HA3LxekTbQ|archive-date=2022-09-21|url-status=live|website=YouTube|access-date=19 October 2017|accessdate=2022-09-22}}</ref> jeung Clara Dewanti dina [[basa Indonésia]]. ==Penampilan== ===Video kaulinan=== Dina vidéo kaulinan ''[[Pokémon X sareng Y]]'', Serena muncul salaku karakter anu tiasa dipilih salian ti pasangan lalakina, Calem.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thegamehaus.com/pokemon/pokemon-game-timeline-breakdown/2022/08/29/ |title=Pokemon Game Timeline Breakdown |author=Aureli Diaz, Franco |date=29 Agustus 2022 |website=thegamehaus.com |publisher=The Game Haus |access-date=12 September 2022 |quote=}}</ref> Dina kaulinan vidéo online ''[[Pokémon Masters EX]]'', Serena muncul salaku Pelatih Pokémon anu ngabentuk pasangan singkronisasi sareng [[Fennekin]] sareng évolusina [[Braixen]] sareng [[Delphox]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thedigitalcrowns.com/Pokemon-masters-is-it-worth-rolling-for-serena-fennekin/ |title=Pokémon Masters: Is it Worth Rolling for Serena & Fennekin? |last=Kwok |first=Derik |date=30 Juni 2020 |website=thedigitalcrowns.com |publisher=The Digital Crowns |access-date=31 Agustus 2022 |quote=}}</ref> Dina séri kaulinan vidéo ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'', Serena muncul dina bentuk Piala Pelatih Pokémon sareng pasangan lalakina, Calem.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tuttotek.it/videogiochi/guide-videogiochi/super-smash-bros-ultimate-guida-arene-scenari-9 |title=Super Smash Bros Ultimate: guida ad arene e scenari (parte 9) |last=Bozzi |first=Alex |date=30 Agustus 2022 |website= |publisher=tuttoteK |access-date=31 Agustus 2022 |quote=}}</ref> ===Anime=== Serena mimiti muncul dina séri anime ''Pokémon XY'' anu judulna "Kalos, Dimana Impian sareng Petualangan Dimimitian!"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeJkcF6gYjA |title=Kalos, Where Dreams and Adventures Begin |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=8 Mei 2021 |website=youtube.com |publisher=[[The Pokémon Company]] |access-date=10 September 2022 |quote=}}</ref> Kapanggih yén anjeunna terang Ash Ketchum nalika aranjeunna duaan ngahadiran Profesor Oak's Summer Camp di Kota Pallet. Bari ngahadiran acara ieu, Serena leungit di leuweung lajeng slipped sarta murag, hurting tuur nya. Teu lila ti harita, Ash manggihan manéhna tuluy nutupan tatu Serena ku saputangan. Ti dieu Serena teras mimiti resep kana sosok Ash. Saatos diajar yén Ash parantos sumping ka wilayah Kalos, Serena mutuskeun pikeun nuturkeun anjeunna kalayan niat asli pikeun ngabalikeun saputangan Ash. Saatos ningali sareng ngalaman acara sapertos ngadatangan Sycamore Summer Camp, Serena diajar ngeunaan Pokémon Show ti Shauna sareng mutuskeun pikeun janten Pelaku Pokémon. Saatos ngadamel debutna kalayan karugian dina acara Showcase Pokémon inaugural na, anjeunna mutuskeun pikeun motong rambut sareng mimitian nganggo baju anyar. Saatos meunang tilu Princess Keys, Serena teras asup kana kompetisi Demonstrasi Kelas Master di Gloire City, anu ngadu anjeunna ngalawan Aria salaku juara Kalos. Dina pertandingan final, anjeunna eleh Aria. Saatos ngabantosan ngarengsekeun masalah anu lumangsung dina Liga Kalos kalebet masalah anu asalna ti sindikat kriminal Tim Flare, Serena mikirkeun rencana masa depan na. Kalayan motivasi anu dipasihkeun ku Ash, Serena teras mutuskeun yén anjeunna bakal ngiringan kompetisi Pokémon anu lumangsung di Hoenn. Sateuacan parting, Serena masihan Ash ciuman ogé ngungkapkeun parasaan nya nu geus disimpen nepi salila ieu.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sky.com/watch/title/series/2a6b89d7-d4e8-412d-8efe-6a3ce5a9a54c/pokemon-diamond-and-pearl/episodes/season-19/episode-47 |title=Till We Compete Again! |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=sky.com |publisher=[[The Pokémon Company]] |access-date=10 September 2022 |quote=}}</ref> Serena balik deui dina episode ka-105 séri anime ''Pokémon Ultimate Journeys''. Dina épisode ieu anjeunna ngamotivasi Chloe pikeun muncul dina Kontes Pokémon anu diayakeun di Kota Lilycove kalayan kecap anu sami sareng Ash Ketchum nyarios ka Serena nalika aranjeunna ngurilingan Kalos.<ref name="1streuniting">{{cite web |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2230560/full/ |title=アニメ『ポケモン』ルチア登場! コハル&イーブイがコンテスト参加へ 【第105話場面カット公開】 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=7 April 2022 |website=oricon.co.jp |publisher=[[Oricon|Oricon News]] |access-date=10 September 2022 |lang=ja}}</ref> Disebutkeun ogé yén Braixen na parantos mekar janten Delphox. Serena teras pendak sareng Ash deui sateuacan Ash, Chloe sareng Goh angkat ka Vermillion City. Dua sobatna tuluy papisah deui kalayan jangji baris silih dukung jeung usaha pikeun ngahontal impian masing-masing.<ref name="SerenaAshReunite">{{cite web |url=https://comicbook.com/anime/news/pokemon-anime-serena-update-biggest-dream-contest/ |title=Pokemon Shares Major Update on Serena's Life After Traveling With Ash |author=Valdez, Nick |date=12 April 2022 |website=comicbook.com |publisher=Comic Book Resources |access-date=10 September 2022 |quote=}}</ref> Dina séri anime online ''[[Pokémon Evolutions]]'', Serena muncul dina épisode anu judulna "The Visionary" salaku pesaing Calem. Anjeunna jeung Shauna gabung Calem sanggeus ngéléhkeun Lysandre di Markas Rusiah milik sindikat kriminal Tim Flare. Nalika Lysandre mimiti nembak senjata pamungkasna, tilu Pelatih Pokémon ngora ieu tiasa kabur ti pangkalan sareng nyaksian karusakan dasar sareng senjatana tilelep kana taneuh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://comicbook.com/anime/news/pokemon-evolutions-episode-7-watch/ |title=Pokemon Evolutions Moves Forward with Episode 7: Watch |author=Valentine, Evan |date=17 Desember 2021 |website=comicbook.com |publisher=Comic Book Resources (CBS Interactive) |access-date=10 September 2022 |quote=}}</ref> ===Manga=== Y atawa Yvonne Gabena némbongan dina ''Pokémon Adventures'' bab X & Y salaku tokoh utama dumasar kana Serena anu muncul dina séri vidéo jeung anime. Y nyaéta palatih ngora anu nuju latihan Sky Trainer. Anjeunna milih latihan ieu saatos nampik nuturkeun jejak indungna salaku joki pikeun balapan [[Rhyhorn]].<ref name="Yvonne">{{cite web |url=https://bestreamer.com/pokemon/serena-pokemon-anime/ |title=Serena Pokémon (Anime) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=23 June 2022 |website=bestreamer.com |publisher=Elite CafeMedia Tech |access-date=10 September 2022 |quote= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708214550/https://bestreamer.com/pokemon/serena-pokemon-anime/ |date=8 July 2022 }}</ref> Serena némbongan salaku tokoh utama dina manga ''Diancie and the Cocoon of Destruction'' sarta ''Hoopa and the Clash of Ages'' nu mangrupa adaptasi tina pilem tina nami nu sami.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2015/01/27/pokmon-the-movie-diancie-and-the-cocoon-of-destruction-manga-and-dvd-arrive-in-february |title="Pokémon The Movie: Diancie and the Cocoon of Destruction" Manga and DVD Arrive in February |author=Luster, Joseph |date=27 January 2015 |website=crunchyroll.com |publisher=[[Crunchyroll]] |access-date=10 September 2022 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hardcoregamer.com/news/hoopa-and-the-clash-of-ages-coming-to-dvd-receiving-manga-adaptation/195263/ |title=Hoopa and the Clash of Ages Coming to DVD, Receiving Manga Adaptation |author=Whritenour, Jacob |date=27 February 2016 |website= |publisher=Hardcore Gamer |access-date=10 September 2022 |quote=}}</ref> ==Rujukan== {{reflist|2}} ==Tumbu kaluar== {{commonscat|Serena (Pokémon)}} * [http://www.pokemon.com Situs resmi Pokémon] * [http://pokemon.wikia.com/wiki/Serena_(anime) Serena dalam Wikia Pokémon] * [https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Serena Serena dalam Bulbapedia] [[Kategori:Fiksi]] [[Kategori:Pokemon]] hh5ywodhsbo2b10pb33a3vj6f508283 Kantor Pusat Bala Keselamatan 0 104795 729138 676649 2026-09-26T12:48:46Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729138 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kantor Pusat Bala Keselamatan''' nyaéta kantor palayanan sosial ti gereja Protestan anu pusatna aya di kota [[London]] dumasar kana prakarsa ti [[William Booth]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://cianjurpedia.pikiran-rakyat.com/wisata-budaya/pr-1031073979/kantor-pusat-bala-keselamatan-bandung-yang-penuh-histori?page=2|title=Kantor Pusat Bala Keselamatan Bandung yang Penuh Histori|last=Lestari|first=Mayang Ayu|date=8 Desember 2020|access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>Kantor ieu lokasina aya di Jalan Jawa Nomor 18-20, Kota Bandung, dina perempatan Jalan Sumatera jeung Jalan Jawa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.serbabandung.com/gedung-bala-keselamatan-di-jalan-jawa/|title=Gedung Bala Keselamatan di Jalan Jawa|last=Bandung|first=Serba|accessdate=17 November 2023}}</ref> [[Gambar:Bala Keselamatan Indonesia.JPG|jmpl|Kantor Bala Keselamatan nu aya di Bandung]] == Sajarah == Bala Keselamatan ngamimitian palayanan sosial di Indonésia dina taun 1894. Teras mekar ka [[Ambon]], [[Bali]], [[Kalimantan Timur]], [[Sulawesi]], [[Sumatra|Sumatera]], [[Nusa Tenggara Wétan|Nusa Tenggara Timur]], jeung [[Papua]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wm4.salvationarmy.org/ins/About|title=Tentang Kami|last=Indonesia|first=Salvation Army|website=wm4.salvationarmy.org|accessdate=17 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117124149/https://wm4.salvationarmy.org/ins/About|archivedate=17 November 2023}}</ref> Ibukota Pamaréntah [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walanda]] basa éta rek dialihkeun ka [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]] ti [[Kota Semarang|Semarang]]. Ku kituna, Kantor Pusat Téritorial Bala Keselamatan ogé dialihkeun. Perkawis ieu diputuskeun ku [[Letnan Kolonel J.W. de Groot]] salaku Komandan Téritorial Bala Keselamatan di Hindia Walanda supados koordinasi jeung pamaréntah janten leuwih alus, teras palayanan sosial ka wargi leuwih hadé deui. Supados ngaran William Booth tuluy diinget ku masarakat umum, Kolonel de Groot ngupayakeun wangunan Bala Keselamatan, anjeunna ngajukaen nyuhunkeun izin ka pamaréntah. Dina 24 Agustus 1915, lapangan maén bal dijadikeun lahan keur ngawangun Kantor Bala Keselamatan jeung panti asuhan. Walikota Bandung basa éta, Tuan Coops jeung putrana nu awéwé nempatkeun batu kahiji dina upacara. Salian ti batu kahiji, aya deui buku jeung undang-undang nu disimpen dina jero taneuh nyaéta buku Doktrin Bala Keselamatan di Indonesia karya [[Letnan Kolonel Melattie M. Brouwer]], Undang-Undang perkawis perang sarta majalah Bala Keselamatan anu pamungkas. Gedong diresmikeun dina kaping 24 September 1917. Letnan Kolonel J.W de Groot teu tiasa ningal peresmianana ku sabab anjeuna tos ngalih ka Teritori Jepang dina taun 1916. Tungtungna, gedong ieu diresmikeun ku [[Gubernur Jendéral Count John Paul van Limburg Stirum]] anu mukakeun panto kantor pusat teritorial, sementawis éta, pamajikan anjeunna mukakeun panto panti asuhan pikeun murangkalih anu aya di samping kantor pusat. Basa Jepang berkuasa di Indonésia, kantor pusat diambil alih dina kaping 13 Maret 1942. Gedong Bala Keselamatan dijadikeun markas ku tentara Jepang, Lain kantor nu di Bandung waé nu dikuasai, kantor di kota-kota di Indonesia ogé direbut ku Jepang. Dina sasih September 1945 saangeus kamerdékaan Indonésia, Kantor Pusat Bala Keselamatan teu acan ngalih ka Indonésia. Sanajan kitu, dina kaping 31 Mé1 1947, Kantor jeung panti asuhan balik deui ka asal saméméh direbut ku Jepang.<ref name=":0" /> == Arsitéktur == Arsitéktur gedong ieu kaasup arsitéktur modern fungsional (''art deco geometrik)''. Arsitékna nyaéta FW Brikman En Voorhoeve.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nubandung.id/2022/12/7-bangunan-bersejarah-penerima-anugerah.html|title=7 Bangunan Bersejarah Penerima Anugerah Cagar Budaya Kota Bandung|language=id|accessdate=2023-12-02}}</ref> Ongkos pikeun ngawangun gedong ieu nyaéta 117.022 gulden, ongkos éta asalna tina sumbangan unggal jalmi jeung jaringan Kantor Pusat Bala Keselamatan internasional, sarta para simpatisan anu tinggalna di Walanda.<ref name=":1" /> Wangunan ieu teu acan dirobah dina taun diresmikeun nepi ka taun 2009. Dina taun éta, aya parobahan pikeun hateup wungkul, wujud wangunan tetep siga mimitina. Ngan rohangan waé nu sok dirobah-robah, Di lantai handap aya bagian properti jeung keuangan. Rohangan keur pimpinan aya di lantai luhur. Departemen jeung bagéan nu sanés aya dina gedong baru. Aya monumen dina wangunan ieu nu wujudna siga tugu nu aya menara leutik sapertos kerucut. Éta téh jantén pananda yén di ditu aya makam para pagawe kantor Bala Keselamatan jeung kulawargina. Aya nama-nama nu dicatet dina prasasti, nyaéta [[Jacob Gerrit Brouwer]], [[Margaret Brouwer-Twyford]], [[Ensigne Maatita Rahmat]], [[Senior Kapitein Soenarto]], [[Anna Bertha Gugelmann]], [[Christina Schipper]], [[Mrs. Lt. Commp A.T. Hugnes née Jenny Hocking]], [[Louise Eugenie Clementina]], [[Lebbink Ribblier]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ayobandung.com/baheula/pr-79654760/mengenal|title=Mengenal Gedung Bala Keselamatan yang Berusia 102 Tahun - Ayo Bandung|last=Administrator|website=Mengenal Gedung Bala Keselamatan yang Berusia 102 Tahun - Ayo Bandung|language=id|accessdate=2023-12-02}}</ref> Kantor Pusat Bala Keselamatan meunang penghargaan Anugerah Cagar Budaya ti pamaréntah kota Bandung pikeun usahana ngalestarikeun cagar budaya di Bandung.<ref name=":2" /> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Wangunan di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Wangunan di Kota Bandung]] [[Kategori:Wangunan di Jawa Kulon]] bar1rjh7r0nryqfbeuic8po4wbv478q Patani 0 105096 729263 666457 2026-09-26T20:17:57Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729263 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patani''' nyaéta pakasaban nu aya dina widang tatanén. [[Indonésia]] mangrupa nagara nu ngahasilkeun tatanén anu gedé. Ieu hal nu jadi lantaran Indonésia miboga dua iklim, nyaéta musim hujan jeung musim halodo. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yigibalom|first=Yosia|date=April-Juni 2020|title=Sikap Mental Petani Dalam Usaha Bidang Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Di Desa Jirenne Kabupaten Lanny Jaya Propinsi Papua|journal=Jurnal Holistik}}</ref> Kalawan ayana dua musim ieu, patani bisa ningkatkeun tatanén jeung nyaluyukeun pepelakan atawa naon rupa pepelakan nu kudu dipelak dina usum [[hujan]] jeung usum halodo. Hal ieu bisa nguntungkeun ka para patani. Patani ngokolakeun lahan ku cara melak [[paré]], bungbuahan, [[sayuran]], jeung nu lainna.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://campus.quipper.com/careers/ahli-pertanian|title=ahli pertanian|accessdate=2024-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725012653/https://campus.quipper.com/careers/ahli-pertanian|archivedate=2024-07-25}}</ref> Loba kaahlian nu diwajibkeun ku patani, saperti kamampuh pikeun ngaidentifikasi masalah-masalah tatanén nu aya. Pikeun ngajaga panén anu suksés, patani ogé kudu ngagunakeun alat jeung mesin anu leuwih canggih. Para patani ogé bisa nyadiakeun bahan atah pikeun [[industri]], saperti buah pikeun jadi jus, [[wol]] atawa [[kapas]] pikeun nyieun baju, ogé serealia pikeun minuman nu ngandung alkohol. Patani profésional terus ngamekarkeun rupa-rupa téhnik pikeun ngaronjatkeun produk tatanén anu hadé.<ref name=":0" /> Saha waé bisa jadi patani, boh nolah lahan nu pribadi atawa ngagajih buruh tani pikeun ngolah lahan nu bogana. Hal ieu ngabuktikeun yén jekema nu disebut tani téh dumasar kana widang gawéna, lain ukur kapamilikan lahan maranéhanana. == Sajarah == Sajarah tatanén geus aya di jaman Neolitikum. Di Jaman Perunggu (5000 nepi ka 4000 SM), bangsa Sumeria miboga babaéan tatanan gawé dina tatanén. Nalika panén, dilakukeun sacara kelompok kalayan jumlah anu loba. Sajarah patani nyaéta bagéan tina sajarah kabudayaan manusa. Patani muncul nalika hiji masarakat mampu ngajaga bahan pangan pikeun dirina sorangan. Kawasan Hilal Subur di Asia Barat, Mesir jeung [[India]] mangrupa lokasi mimiti budidaya pepelakan. Saacan ayana tatanén, manusa biasana néangan kabutuhan [[pangan]] ku cara néangan di alam bebas. Tatanén mekar sacara mandeg mandiri di sababaraha tempat, nyaéta di China, Afrika, Papua, India, jeung Amerika.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Balter|first=Michael|date=2015-09-23|title=Oldest decapitation in New World dates back 9000 years|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad4612|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.aad4612|issn=0036-8075}}</ref> Salaku bagéan tina budaya manusa, tatanén mawa révolusi utama dina kahirupan manusa saméméh ayana révolusi nu lumangsung. Bisa disebutkeun yén révolusi pertanian téh mangrupa révolusi [[kabudayaan]] nu munggaran kaalaman ku masarakat. Kamekaran téhnologi tatanén di unggal tempata béda-béda, ku kituna tina jadwal pangwangunan tatanén di unggal tempat ogé béda-béda. Contona di daérah Afrika jeung Asia Tengah, masih aya kelompok semi-nomaden nu bisa tatanén tapi tetep pindah-pindah pikeun miara kaayaan bahan pangan. Samentara éta, traktor badag nu bisa nampung hiji jalma bisa mere dahar ratusan jalma. == Métode Tatanén == Di nagara maju, patani miboga lahan anu lega jeung tatanén dilakukeun ku mesin nu kawilang canggih pikeun ngahontal éfisiénsi anu luhur. Ku ayana mesin cangghih ieu bisa jadi ngurangan kana kabutuhan tanaga gawé manusa. Di nagara-nagara miskin atawa budaya pra-industri, lolobana patani ngalakonan pertanian subsisten, sistem patani organik nu ngagunakeun rotasi pepelakan, nyisihkeun binih, motong jeung ngaduruk, atawa métode nu lainna. == Organisasi Patani == * La Via Campesina * Federasi Serikat Petani Indonésia * Himpunan Kerukunan Tani Indonésia * Pergerakan Tani Nelayan Indonésia Mandiri - PETANI MANDIRI * Rumah Tani Indonésia (RTI) * GPN - Gerakan Petani Nusantara * KOPRABUH * International Federation of Agricultural Producers == Patani nu Kawéntar == * Jose Bove * Jimmy Carter * Thomas Jefferson * George Washington * Liu Bang * Zhu Yuanzhang * George Washington Carver == Peran jeung Tanggung Jawab Patani == Salian tina ngokolakeun lahan tatanén, patani ogé peran jeung tanggung jawab nu kudu dilakonan saperti ngajamin kautuhan ékosistim jeung kaanékaragaman hayati dina lahan tatanén. Ogé ngatur konflik jeung sato nu dianggap hama nu jadi penyeimbang ékosistim. Peran jeung tanggung jawab patani ogé wajib miara jeung ngarawat kondisi taneuh dina lahan, wajib ngalestarikeun lingkungan jeung teu ngagunakeun produk nu aya bahan kimia. Peran patani ieu wajib pisan sabab saupama patani teu ngajaga, ngarawat jeung ngokolakeun lahan tatanén hal ieu nyebabkeun hasil pepelakanna bakal goréng, ogé mangaruhan kana harga jual pepelakan nu antukna bakal ngurangan harga. Ieu bisa ngarugikeun patani salaku nu boga lahan tatanén jeung nu gawé bareng == Jejer nu Patali == * [[Agribisnis]] * Patani organik * Lahan usaha tani * Rukun tani == Référénsi == <references /> [[Kategori:Wikilatih UPI 2024]] [[Kategori:Pakasaban]] [[Kategori:Tatanén]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] 5vprbwp8vqmg2j16s2pyxfq6zt516re Zakiah Daradjat 0 105188 729359 708852 2026-09-27T02:40:08Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729359 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zakiah Daradjat''' atawa Pof. Dr. H. Zakiah Daradjat mangrupakeun inohong dina widang [[psikologi Islam]] di [[Indonésia]] anu kakoncara. Salian ti fokus kana [[psikologi Islam]], manéhna oge giat dina widang [[pangatikan Islam]]. Kulantaran aya dua widang anu dipikawanoh ku manéhna jadi miboga ciri has kana widang pangatikan jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/zakiah-daradjat-pelopor-pendidikan-agama-di-sekolah-umum-cKpV|title=Zakiah Daradjat, Pelopor Pendidikan Agama di Sekolah Umum|last=Putri|first=Aditya Widya|website=tirto.id|language=id|accessdate=2024-05-04}}</ref> == Awal kahirupan == Zakiah Daradjat dibabarkeun ping 6 Nopémber 1929 di [[Jorong Koto Marapak]], [[Nagari Lambah]], [[Ampek Angkek]], [[Agam]]. Bapana, Husain Daradjat Husain, aktip dina gerakan [[Muhammadiyah]], sedengkeun indungna, Rafiah, anggota [[Sarékat Islam]]. Embah bapana, Husin Dt. Marajo, nyaéta Kapala Nagari Lambah. Zakiah téh pangkolotna ti 11 anak, lima di antarana ti indung anu béda. Sanajan kolotna lain kasang tukang ulama, Zakiah jeung dulur-dulurna dididik ku atikan agama anu kuat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.laduni.id/post/read/517722/biografi-prof-dr-hj-zakiah-daradjat-ulama-perempuan-pelopor-pendidikan-agama-di-sekolah-umum.html|title=Biografi Prof. Dr. Hj. Zakiah Daradjat: Ulama Perempuan Pelopor Pendidikan Agama di Sekolah Umum|last=DIA|first=Yayasan|website=Biografi Prof. Dr. Hj. Zakiah Daradjat: Ulama Perempuan Pelopor Pendidikan Agama di Sekolah Umum|language=en|accessdate=2024-05-04}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Nalika nincak umur tujuh taun, Zakiah mimiti sakola. Isuk-isuk diajar di Sakola Standar Muhammadiyah jeung di Sakola Diniyah sore. Salila sakola, manéhna némbongkeun minat anu hadé kana sains jeung agama. Nalika masih kelas opat SD, manéhna nyieun biantara munggaran di hareupeun guru jeung séniorna. Guruna waktu harita méré pancén pikeun biantara dina acara perpisahan sakola. Sanggeus lulus taun 1941, Zakiah nuluykeun atikanana di SMP di [[Padang Panjang, Susoh, Aceh Barat Daya|Padang Panjang]] bari di sakola agama di ''[[Kulliyatul Muballighat]]'', kursus pikeun calon ''mubaligh''. Pangaweruh anu dimeunangkeun ku ''[[Kulliyatul Muballighat]]'' mantuan ngamekarkeun minatna pikeun jadi tukang dakwah.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ulama perempuan Indonesia|url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Ulama_Perempuan_Indonesia.html?id=KL8MEwzjSBoC&redir_esc=y&hl=su|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|date=2002|isbn=978-979-686-644-1|language=id|first=Jajat|last=Burhanuddin}}</ref> Taun 1951, Zakiah nganggeuskeun atikan SMA di [[Bukit Tinggi, Pegagan Hilir, Dairi|Bukittinggi]]. Saméméhna, manéhna kungsi diajar di Sakola Asisten Apotéker, tapi teu nuluykeun alatan [[Agrési Militér Walanda I|Agrési Militer Walanda II]] anu ngabalukarkeun akrusakan di daérah [[Bukit Tinggi, Pegagan Hilir, Dairi|Bukittinggi]]. Sanggeus éta, manéhna ninggalkeun lemah cai pikeun nuluykeun atikan luhur di [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]. Manéhna asup jeung lulus di dua paguron luhur anu béda fakultas, nya éta Fakultas Tarbiyah [[Perguruan Tinggi Islam Negeri Yogyakarta (PTAIN)]] jeung Fakultas Hukum [[Universitas Islam Indonesia|Universitas Islam Indonésia]] (UII). Sanajan kitu, sanggeus taun katilu, manéhna ninggalkeun kuliah di UII kualatan kolotna nitah atawa mere peupeujeuh manéhna kudu fokus kana hiji jurusan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rahima.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1094:zakiah-daradjat-perempuan-suci-berilmu-tinggi&catid=38:fikrah&Itemid=271|title=Zakiah Daradjat : Perempuan Suci Berilmu Tinggi : Fikrah Edisi 42|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223120/http://www.rahima.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1094:zakiah-daradjat-perempuan-suci-berilmu-tinggi&catid=38:fikrah&Itemid=271|archivedate=2014-07-14}}</ref> == Pangatikan di Mesir == Dina taun 1956, sataun sanggeus [[Konférénsi Asia Afrika|Konférénsi Asia–Afrika]] di [[Indonésia]], Zakiah narima tawaran béasiswa ikatan jasa ti [[Departemen Agama]] pikeun diajar di [[Mesir]], berkat gawé babarengan tur réréongan antara pamaréntah [[Indonésia]] jeung [[Mesir]]. Manéhna ditarima di Fakultas Pendidikan di [[Universitas Ain Shams]], [[Kairo]] anau teu kudu ngaliwatan tés keur abus kana program Master. Salaku hiji-hijina awéwé ti Indonésia, kaputusan Zakiah jeung widi kolotna dianggap léngkah révolusionér. Tugas akhir anu dijieun nalika kuliah, manéhna nulis ngeunaan masalah rumaja di [[Indonésia]] meunangkeun gelar magister dina taun 1959, sanggeus saacanna meunangkeun diploma pascasarjana kalawan spésialisasi dina atikan taun saméméhna. Ieu skripsi meunang perhatian ti kalangan akademisi di [[Kairo]], dijadikeun rujukan jeung bahan warta. Nalika Zakiah keur diajar, psikologi teu pati populér atawa kurang dipikawanoh di sakuliah mahasiswa Muslim. Élmu psikologi didominasi ku psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud, anu nempatkeun alam bawah sadar salaku faktor konci dina kapribadian manusa. Zakiah ngenalkeun metode non-diréktif ti Carl Rogers, anu dina waktu harita kakara mimiti dikembangkeun jeung diwanohkeun ku paguron luhur. Manéhna dijadikeun utusan disertasi dina model non-diréktif Psikotérapi ku fokus kana Psikotérapi pikeun barudak miboga masalah psikis, sarta proposal na disatujuan ku pihak universitas. Nalika anggeus kuliah doktor di universitas anu sarua, Zakiah mimiti muka prakték konsultasi psikiatri di almamater na. Manéhna ogé ngajar [[basa Indonésia]] di [[Kairo]] jeung jadi Kepala Jurusan Bahasa Indonésia di Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa. Tina panghasilanana ngajar basa salila tilu taun, manéhna bisa mawa kolotna ka [[Mesir]] salila tujuh bulan sarta ngalaksanakeun ibadah haji di [[Mekah]]. Taun 1964, kalayan disertasi ngeunaan perawatan jiwa anak, Manéhna junun meunangkeun gelar doktor psikologi kalayan spésialisasi psikotérapi ti [[Universitas Ain Shams]]. Panalungtikan disertasina meunang pangajén ti Présidén [[Jamal Abdul Nasir|Gamal Abdul Nasir]], nya éta “Medal Ilmu” anu dipabikeun dina miéling [[Poé Élmu Mesir]] taun 1965. == Kagiatan jeung pakasaban == === Widang atikan === Sanggeus balik deui ka [[Indonésia]] dina taun 1964, Zakiah ngamimitian karirna di Jurusan Agama salaku pagawé di Biro Pendidikan Tinggi bari jadi dosén keliling paguron luhur agama Islam di [[Indonésia]]. Taun 1967, Menteri Agama [[Saifuddin Zuhri]] ngangkat Zakiah jadi Kepala Dinas Riset Pendidikan Tinggi jeung Kurikulum di Biro Pendidikan Tinggi, Departemen Agama. Dimimitian taun 1972, manéhna jadi Diréktur Pendidikan Agama nepi ka taun 1977. Taun 1977, Zakiah naék pangkat jadi Diréktur Pembinaan Pendidikan Tinggi Agama Islam nepi ka Maret 1984. Bareng jeung réformasi internal Departemen Agama anu dilaksanakeun ku pamaréntah Orde Baru, Zakiah mingpin pangwangunan jeung réformasi dina widang atikan Islam. Salasahiji kontribusina nya éta kawijakan réformasi madrasah dina Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB) Tilu Mentri taun 1975, anu jadi solusi kana konflik antara Depdiknas jeung Depdiknas ngeunaan pendidikan ''one-stop''. Manéhna ogé narékahan pikeun ngaronjatkeun kualitas manajemen madrasah jeung akademisi ngaliwatan modél madrasah. Zakiah ogé berjuang pikeun ngangeuskeun pasualan Ujian Guru Agama jeung ngalaksanakeun program percepatan pikeun meunangkeun guru agama anu dibutuhkeun ku madrasah di sakuliah [[Indonésia]]. Tapi, masalah jumlah guru anu nyukupan ngabalukarkeun prak-prakan jual beli SK pasini, anu matak ngarugikeun nagara jeung ngurangan kualitas madrasah. Sanggeus éta, Zakiah resmi jadi dékan Fakultas Pascasarjana [[IAIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta]]. Salila karirna di birokrasi pamaréntah, Zakiah mindeng dipenta pikeun jadi penerjemah basa Arab nalika Présidén [[Suharto|Soeharto]] ngadatangan sababaraha nagara Wétan Tengah. Kaahlian ieu nyababkeun manéhna nampa "Orde Kelas Kaopat Kuwait" ti Karajaan Kuwait taun 1977 jeung panghargaan anu sarua ti Mesir "Kelas Kaopat Orde Mesir" ti Présidén [[Anwar Sadat]]. Sabagé Diréktur Diréktur Pendidikan Tinggi Agama, Zakiah loba méré kontribusina pikeun mekarkeun paguron luhur agama Islam, saperti muka jurusan tadris di IAIN jeung nyusun rarancang pangwangunan paguron luhur agama Islam anu jadi acuan IAIN sapanjangna di Indonésia. Sanajan geus mancén ti tugas resmi, Zakiah tetep aktip ngajar di [[UIN Syarif Hidayatullah]] jeung paguron luhur lianna sarta méré ceramah agama pikeun stasiun puseur RRI jeung [[TVRI]]. Salian ti éta, Zakiah ngadegkeun [[Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Ruhama]] di [[Kota Sukabumi]], anu ngawengku TK nepi ka SMK, minangka wujud gagasan dirina dina widang atikan jeung [[kaséhatan méntal]]. === Widang psikolog === Zakiah Daradjat ngamimitian ngalaksanakeun [[konsultasi psikologi]] nalika macén pagawéan di Jurusan Agama. Mimitina, manéhna ngan muka latihan dua kali saminggu. Tapi, dina taun 1965, ku ngaronjatna pasén atawa nau butuh konsultasi, manéhna mutuskeun pikeun muka prakték di imahna di Wisma Sejahtera, Jalan Fatmawati, Cipete, [[Kota Jakarta Kidul|Jakarta Kidul]]. Unggal poé gawé, manéhna nampa rata-rata lima anu konsultasi. Zakiah yakin yén gangguan jiwa anu mangaruhan kaayaan fisik hiji jalma bisa dilacak ngaliwatan studi psikologi jeung pangubaran bisa nuturkeun [[ajaran Islam]]. Eukeur manéhna, psikologi pohara kapaké pikeun nalungtik paripolah kaagamaan hiji jalma sarta pangaruhna kana paripolah jeung kahirupanana. Ku cara ngumpulkeun informasi ngeunaan kahirupan sapopoé jeung kahirupan kaagamaan hiji jalma, Zakiah ngolahna jadi cara nyageurkeun. Dina sidang jeung [[Déwan Pangwakil Rahayat Républik Indonésia|DPR]] taun 2004, Zakiah ngritik lobana program télévisi anu teu luyu jeung ajén-inajén agama jeung étika moral masarakat. Nurutkeun manéhna, siaran télévisi anu eusina kekerasan, seks jeung hal mistis bisa ngaruksak akal jeung logika panongton. Zakiah nétélakeun yén sacara psikologis, acara-acara télévisi miboga pangaruh anu kuat sarta lila-lila dina pikiran nu lalajona. == Hasil pamikiran == Dina bukuna “Pendidikan Islam di Keluarga dan Sekolah,” Zakiah ngébréhkeun prinsip-prinsip [[atikan Islam]] jeung larapna dina pangajaran budak di lingkungan kulawarga jeung sakola. Nurutkeun Zakiah, atikan kudu ngawengku tujuh diménsi manusa, nya éta jasmani, intéléktual, iman, moral, spiritual, kaéndahan jeung sosial. Tujuan atikan nya éta pikeun ngabentuk individu anu kuat, sehat sarta mampuh ngalaksanakeun kalungguhanana kalawan hadé. Ieu ngawengku ngokolakeun fisik séhat pikeun nyiptakeun kapribadian saimbang jeung harmonis dina bakti ka Allah SWT. Salian ti éta, atikan ogé kudu numuwuhkeun sikep anu pinuji saperti [[toléransi]], sportif jeung gawé babarengan ngaliwatan latihan jasmani anu kuat. == Ninggalkeun dunya == Zakiah Daradjat maot di [[Jakarta]] dina umur 83 taun tanggal 15 Januari 2013 kira-kira jam 09.00 WIB. Layonna dimakamkeun di Komplék UIN Ciputat dina poé anu sarua saenggeus solat. Sanajan geus deukeut tungtung hirupna, manéhna tetep aktip dina ngajar, méré ceramah jeung nyadiakeun konsultasi psikologi. Saméméh ninggaleul dunya manéhna dirawat di RS Hermina, Jakarta Kidul dina pertengahan Désémber 2012.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/|title=Republika Online|website=Republika Online|language=id|accessdate=2024-05-04}}</ref> Kalungguhanana diantarana ngahasilkeun SK Tilu Menteri pikeun ngaronjatkeun mutu pendidikan agama Islam jeung ngaintegrasikeun kana sistem pangatikan nasional, nyieun Modél Madrasah Tsanawiyah pikeun ngaronjatkeun kualitas madrasah, ngangeuskuen perkara Ujian Guru Agama pikeun ngaronjatkeun kualitas guru agama, ogé nyiapkeun Rencana Induk Pangwangunan IAIN pikeun 25 taun ka hareup.<ref name=":0" /> Salaku psikolog, dosén, pendakwah jeung tokoh masarakat, Zakiah Daradjat geus dipikawanoh lega. Réktor UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, [[Komaruddin Hidayat]], nyebutkeun yén manéhna pelopor [[psikologi Islam di Indonesia]]. Wakil Menteri Agama, [[Nasaruddin Umar]], negeskeun yén Zakiah téh tokoh anu ditarima ku sakumna golongan, nyaruakeun tokohna jeung Hamka vérsi Muslimah.<ref name=":0" /> == Daftar pustaka == [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1929]] o55h4ye6tq5d855uu8hx105f0hqm5rl Yasmine Zaki Shahab 0 105194 729354 666930 2026-09-27T02:33:26Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yasmine Zaki Shahab''' babar 1 Désémber 1948, nyaéta antropolog asal [[Indonésia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://staff.ui.ac.id/yasmine|title=Prof. Yasmine Zaky Shahab, S.S., M.A., Ph.D. {{!}} Website Staff UI|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105173706/http://staff.ui.ac.id/yasmine|archivedate=2018-11-05}}</ref> Lian ti éta, minatna ka urang [[Batawi]] ngajurung manéhna pikeun aktip dina ngayakeun panalungtikan jeung nulis ngeunaan ieu topik. Nepi ka ayeuna, Shahab tetep aktip dina sagala rupa kagiatan anu aya patalina jeung kabudayaan [[Batawi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/|title=Republika Online|website=Republika Online|language=id|accessdate=2024-05-04}}</ref> == Mimiti kahirupan == Shahab babar di [[Mangga Besar, Taman Sari, Jakarta Kulon|Mangga Besar]], [[Kota Jakarta Kulon|Jakarta Kulon]], salaku anak kalima ti dalapan budak. Manéhna asalna ti kulawarga Hadhrami ti marga Alawiyyin kalayan ngaran kulawarga ''Aal Shihāb-Uddīn''. Bapana, Zaki bin Ali bin Ahmad Shahab, jeung indungna, Lulu Al Hadad, ogé asalna ti kulawarga Alawiyyin. Akina, Ali bin Ahmad bin Shahab, anu leuwih katelah Ali Menteng, nyaéta nu boga lahan di [[Ménténg]], [[Kota Jakarta Pusat|Jakarta Pusat]].<ref name=":0" /> == Pangatikan == Kolotna Shahab mutuskeun pikeun ngirim dalapan budakna ka [[sakola Katolik]], anu dina waktu éta dianggap punjul ti sakola umum lian. Shahab terus sakola di [[SD Santa Melania]], [[Sawah Besar, Jakarta Pusat|Sawah Besar]], [[Kota Jakarta Pusat|Jakarta Pusat]]; [[SMP Santa Maria]], [[Kota Jakarta Pusat|Jakarta Pusat]]; jeung [[SMA Santa Ursula]], [[Lapangan Banténg]], [[Kota Jakarta Pusat|Jakarta Pusat]]. Sanggeus lulus ti SMA, Shahab mimitina ngarencanakeun pikeun nuluykeun kuliah di Fakultas Hukum [[Universitas Indonésia]]. Sanajan kitu, rencana ieu robah sanggeus misan heubeul na, Fuad Hassan, nyarankeun yén Shahab jurusan [[antropologi]]. Hal ieu lantaran dina waktu harita jumlah mahasiswa jurusan [[antropologi]] masih saeutik, ngan ukur lima nepi ka tujuh urang, ku kituna kasempetan pikeun punjul bakal leuwih gedé.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2012/04/21/10473084/~Megapolitan~News|title=Mengenang &quot;Mpok Kite&quot; Chadidjah|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2024-05-04}}</ref> Shahab junun meunangkeun gelar [[Sarjana Sastra]] (S.S.) ti Fakultas Ilmu Budaya [[Universitas Indonésia]] taun 1975 kalayan skripsi anu judulna Masalah Integrasi Minoritas Arab di Jakarta. Saterusna, manéhna nuluykeun atikanana kalayan meunangkeun gelar Master of Arts ti [[Australian National University]] taun 1982 kalawan skripsi anu judulna ''The Position of Betawi Women: Native People in Jakarta''. Samentara éta, hiji Ph.D. manéhna nampi ti ''School of Oriental and African Studies'', [[University of London]] taun 1994 kalayan disertasi anu judulna ''The Creation of Ethnic Tradition: the Betawi of Jakarta''.<ref name=":0" /> == Pakasaban == Yasmine Zaki Shahab nyaéta dosén [[antropologi]] [[Universitas Indonésia]]. Ti taun 1998 nepi ka 2001, Shahab ngajarkeun rupa-rupa mata kuliah saperti [[Pengantar Antropologi]], [[Antropologi Populasi]], [[Antropologi Pariwisata]], jeung Teori Antropologi I jeung II. Salian ti ngajar di program sarjana Jurusan Antropologi, manéhna ogé kalibet dina program penyuluhan [[Universitas Indonésia]], ngajar Pengantar Antropologi. Dina tingkat pascasarjana, anjeunna ogé ngajar Antropologi Kependudukan ti taun 1998 nepi ka 2000. Shahab ogé kungsi nyekel rupa-rupa kalungguhan penting di paguron luhur di Indonésia, diantarana jadi Dékan [[Universitas Islam Azzahra]] ti taun 1995 nepi ka ayeuna, ogé dina sababaraha kalungguhan séjénna saperti Kepala. Program Pengembangan D3 Pariwisata UI jeung Kepala Program Usaha Wisata Budaya D3 Pariwisata FISIP UI ti taun 1997 nepi ka 1998. Tanggal 24 Méi 2006, Yasmine Zaki Shahab resmi diangkat jadi guru besar tetap di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, dilaksanakeun di Aula Konvénsi Universitas Indonésia, kampus Depok.<ref name=":0" /> == Référénsi == [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1948]] n910wf0eyuw6zevegt2bqmit9afly7m Tumor otak 0 105228 729326 710789 2026-09-27T01:16:58Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 10 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Tumor otak | synonyms = Neoplasma intrakranial | image = TAC Brain tumor glioblastoma After 2 month of the operation-Transverse plane.gif | caption = Kurva aktivitas-waktu tumor otak glioblastoma sanggeus dua sasih operasi bidang melintang. | field = [[Bedah saraf]], [[Neuro-onkologi]] | symptoms = Béda-béda kumaha bagian otak anu kakeunaan, nyeri sirah, sawan, gangguan dina tetempoan, utah, parobahan mental. | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = Ganas, jinak | causes = Biasana teu dipikanyaho | risks = [[Neurofibromatosis]], kakeunaan [[vinil klorida]], [[virus Epstein-Barr]], [[radiasi ionisasi]] | diagnosis = ''CT scan'', [[Pancitraan résonansi magnétik]], [[biopsi]] | differential = | prevention = | treatment = [[Operasi]], [[radioterapi]], [[kemoterapi]] | medication = ubar [[antikejang]], [[Deksametason]], [[Furosemid]] | prognosis = <!--Tingkat kelangsungan hidup lima tahun rata-rata 33% (Amerika)--> | frequency = 1,2 juta kanker sistem saraf (2015)<!-- prevalence --><ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 | vauthors = Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal | collaboration =GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators }}</ref> | deaths = 228.800 (sakumna dunya, 2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, etal | collaboration = GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = Oktober 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 }}</ref> }} '''Tumor otak''' nyaéta panyakit [[tumor]] anu lumangsung nalika [[Sél (biologi)|sél-sél]] abnormal kabentuk dina otak.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adultbrain/Patient/page1/AllPages|title=General Information About Adult Brain Tumors|website=National Cancer Institute|accessdate=2024-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705225928/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adultbrain/Patient/page1/AllPages|archivedate=2014-07-05}}</ref> Ieu tumor otak kabagi kana dua; tumor primér, anu sumber asalna ti jero otak, jeung tumor sekundér, anu ngarambat ti tumor anu posisina dina luar otak ― katelah ku tumor otak metastasis. Kabeh jinis éta bisa nimbulkeun gejala anu rupa-rupa dumasar sakumaha badagna tumor jeung bagian otak anu aub. Tanda-tanda anu ditimbulkeun ku ieu tumor nyaéta nyeuri sirah, cecengkeleun, goreng panempoan, [[utah]], jeung masalah mental.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adultbrain/HealthProfessional/page1/AllPages|title=Adult Brain Tumors Treatment|website=National Cancer Institute|accessdate=2024-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705230128/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adultbrain/HealthProfessional/page1/AllPages|archivedate=2014-07-05}}</ref> Gejala anu sanesna nyaéta hésé ngaléngkah, ngomong, jeung leungit kasadaran.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://publications.iarc.fr/Non-Series-Publications/World-Cancer-Reports/World-Cancer-Report-2014|title=World Cancer Report 2014|website=World Health Organization|accessdate=2024-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919073553/http://publications.iarc.fr/Non-Series-Publications/World-Cancer-Reports/World-Cancer-Report-2014|archivedate=2016-09-19}}</ref> Nepika ayeuna, tumor otak téh panyababna teu dipikanyaho sacara jelas, tapi opat persen tina kasus tumor otak jigana disababkeun ku radiasi ''CT scan''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://academic.oup.com/neuro-oncology/article-abstract/25/7/1368/6987226?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false|title=Computed tomography scan radiation and brain cancer incidence.|last=NR|first=Smoll|last2=Z|first2=Brady|website=Neuro-Oncology.|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> Sajaba ti éta, panyabab sanésna anu leuwih saeutik kajadiana nyaéta paparan vinil klorida, [[virus]] Epstein-Barr, radiasi pengion, jeung sindrom anu diwariskeun jiga neurofibromatosis, sklerosis tuberosa, jeung panyakit von Hippel-Lindau.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Jinis tumor primér anu mindeng kakeunaan ka orang dewasa nyaéta meningioma jeung astrositoma,<ref name=":1" /> sedengkeun anu ka budak leutik umumna medulloblastoma.<ref name=":2" /> ==Tanda-tanda== Aya rupa-rupa tanda atanapi gejala tumor otak anu dialaman ku hiji jalma boh tumor jinak atanapi tumor ganas ([[kanker]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/tumors-of-the-nervous-system/brain-tumors|title=Brain Tumors|last=Patchell|first=Roy A.|website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version|accessdate=2024-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812032003/http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/tumors-of-the-nervous-system/brain-tumors|archivedate=2016-08-12}}</ref> Tumor otak primér jeung sekundér nunjukkeun gejala anu sarua numutkeun kana bagian anu kakeunaan, ukuran, jeung laju tumuwuhna tumor.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abta.org/brain-tumor-information/symptoms/mood-swings.html|title=Mood Swings and Cognitive Changes|website=abta.org|publisher=American Brain Tumor Association|accessdate=2024-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802203516/http://www.abta.org/brain-tumor-information/symptoms/mood-swings.html|archivedate=2016-08-02}}</ref> Contona, tumor badag dina [[lobus frontal]] bisa ngabalukarkeun parobahan dina kamampuh mikir, sedengkeun tumor leutik anu eunteup di ''Wernicke'' (area leutik anu fungsina kana pamahaman basa) bisa ngabalukarkeun risiko anu leuwih badag.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brainsciencefoundation.org/bUnderstandbPrimaryBrainTumors/AdditionalResources/CopingWithPersonalityBehavioralChanges/tabid/283/Default.aspx|title=Coping With Personality & Behavioral Changes|website=brainsciencefoundation.org|accessdate=2024-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730063637/http://www.brainsciencefoundation.org/bUnderstandbPrimaryBrainTumors/AdditionalResources/CopingWithPersonalityBehavioralChanges/tabid/283/Default.aspx|archivedate=2016-07-30}}</ref> === Nyeri sirah === Nyeri sirah kusabab paningkatan tekanan intrakranial bisa ngajadikeun mimiti gejala kanker otak. Tapi, nyeri sirah kalawan teu aya gejala nu sanésna jarang pisan kajadian. Biasana, gejala-gejala nu sanés muncul heula sateuacan nyeri sirah.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kahn|first=Kevin|last2=Finkel|first2=Alan|date=2014-06|title=It IS a tumor -- current review of headache and brain tumor|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24760490/|journal=Current Pain and Headache Reports|volume=18|issue=6|pages=421|doi=10.1007/s11916-014-0421-8|issn=1534-3081|pmid=24760490}}</ref> Tanda-tanda anu nunjukkeun nyeri sirah téh aya hubunganana jeung gejala awal tumor otak diantarana: nyeri sirah dibalukarkeun ku manuver Valsalva, nyeri sirah anu nyababkeun hudang tina sare, nyeri sirah anyar anu dirasa ku jalma anu langkung kolot, atawa nyeri sirah anu parah dina isuk-isuk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ana-neurosurgery.com/symptoms-brain-tumor/|title=Nosebleeds & Headaches: Do You Have Brain Cancer?|last=Associates|first=Advanced Neurosurgery|website=Advanced Neurosurgery Associates|language=en-US|accessdate=2024-05-15}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Parobahan mental === Kapribadian hiji jalma bisa robah kusabab tumor anu ngaruksak lobus otak.<ref name=":3" /> Ieu bagian, utamana lobus frontal, temporal, jeung parietal mangrupakeun pusat kontrol émosi, suasana haté, nalar, jeung kabiasaan. Kulantaran éta, tumor di bagian ieu bisa ngabalukarkeun kabiasaan sosial anu teu pantes, sok ambek, seuseurian tanpa alesan,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://milesforhope.org/index.php/facts/brain-tumor-symptoms|title=Brain Tumor Symptoms {{!}} Miles for Hope {{!}} Brain Tumor Foundation|last=Jones|first=C|website=milesforhope.org|accessdate=2024-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814084958/http://milesforhope.org/index.php/facts/brain-tumor-symptoms|archivedate=2016-08-14}}</ref> kitu ogé gejala psikologis kayaning depresi sarta kahariwang. == Panyabab == Panyebab utama kanker otak anu paling kawéntar nyaéta [[radiasi]] ionisasi,<ref name=":4" /> kalayan sakitar 4% kasus kanker otak umumna disababkeun ku radiasi tina CT scan. Ieu bisa lumangsung lantaran prosés karsinogenesis radiasi dina CT scan. Saliyan ti eta, mutasi gén penekan tumor, jiga P53, ogé bisa nyababkeun tumor otak.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Molecular Neuro-oncology and Its Impact on the Clinical Management of Brain Tumors|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-85039-4|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-85039-4|language=en|last=Kleihues|first=P|publisher=Springer|year=1994|isbn=9783540573517|pages=25-31|last2=Ohgaki|first2=H|last3=Eibl|first3=RH|last4=Reichel|first4=MB|last5=Mariani|first5=L|last6=Gehring|first6=M}}</ref> Kaayaan bawaan jiga panyakit Von Hippel-Lindau, sklerosis tuberosa, neoplasia éndokrin ganda, jeung neurofibromatosis tipe 2 ogé ngabogaan résiko badag kana timbulna tumor otak.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hodgson|first=Trent S.|last2=Nielsen|first2=Sarah M.|last3=Lesniak|first3=Maciej S.|last4=Lukas|first4=Rimas V.|date=2016-09|title=Neurological Management of Von Hippel-Lindau Disease|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27564075/|journal=The Neurologist|volume=21|issue=5|pages=73–78|doi=10.1097/NRL.0000000000000085|issn=2331-2637|pmid=27564075}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rogers|first=Leland|last2=Barani|first2=Igor|last3=Chamberlain|first3=Marc|last4=Kaley|first4=Thomas J.|last5=McDermott|first5=Michael|last6=Raizer|first6=Jeffrey|last7=Schiff|first7=David|last8=Weber|first8=Damien C.|last9=Wen|first9=Patrick Y.|date=2015-01|title=Meningiomas: knowledge base, treatment outcomes, and uncertainties. A RANO review|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25343186/|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery|volume=122|issue=1|pages=4–23|doi=10.3171/2014.7.JNS131644|issn=1933-0693|pmc=5062955|pmid=25343186}}</ref> == Identifikasi == Tumor otak mindengna hésé didiagnosis kusabab teu aya gejala kusus anu pasti, ngan kombinasi gejala anu tangtu tanpa indikasi panyabab nu sanes bisa jadi pituduh. Proses diagnosis biasana dimimitian ku pencatetan jujutan medis jeung gejala pasien, dituturkeun ku panalungtikan klinis jeung laboratorium pikeun nyingkirkeun inféksi.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Herholz|first=Karl|last2=Langen|first2=Karl-Josef|last3=Schiepers|first3=Christiaan|last4=Mountz|first4=James M.|date=2012-11|title=Brain tumors|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23026359/|journal=Seminars in Nuclear Medicine|volume=42|issue=6|pages=356–370|doi=10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2012.06.001|issn=1558-4623|pmc=3925448|pmid=23026359}}</ref> Pamariksaan biasana ngawengku pamariksaan panon, THT, éléktrofisiologi, jeung pamakéan [[éléktroensefalografi]] anu mindeng ngabantuan dina nganalisis tumor otak. Tumor otak ogé boga tangtangan diagnosis jeung terapi nu mirip jeung tumor dina bagian badan nu sanés.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brandes|first=A. A.|last2=Pasetto|first2=L. M.|last3=Lumachi|first3=F.|last4=Monfardini|first4=S.|date=2000-03|title=Endocrine dysfunctions in patients treated for brain tumors: incidence and guidelines for management|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10930105/|journal=Journal of Neuro-Oncology|volume=47|issue=1|pages=85–92|doi=10.1023/a:1006471405435|issn=0167-594X|pmid=10930105}}</ref> Aya tangtangan husus dina ngadiagnosis tumor otak kusabab otak téh dipisahkeun tina getih ku [[sawar getih-otak]]—anu ngontrol zat naon wae nu bisa asup. Penanda radioaktif anu umumna dipaké pikeun ngadeteksi tumor dina bagian badan nu sanés, teu bisa dipaké pikeun ngadeteksi tumor otak kusabab aya sawar getih-otak tea. Biasana dideteksi ku alat MRI atawa CT scan anu bisa ngadeteksi gangguan jeung bisa jadi indikator utama pikeun jinis tumor otak jiga glioma ganas, meningioma, jeung metastasis otak.<ref name=":5" /> === Klasifikasi === Tumor otak teh boga dua sifat, jinak atawa ganas, bisa muncul di sababaraha bagian otak, jeung bisa diklasifikasikeun minangka tumor primér atawa sekundér. Tumor primér nyaéta tumor anu mulaina dina jero [[Utek|otak]], sedengkeun tumor sekundér atawa métastasis nyaéta tumor anu nyebarna ka otak tina bagian awak anu sejen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/brain/page1|title=What You Need To Know About Brain Tumors|website=National Cancer Institute|accessdate=2024-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127124137/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/brain/page1|archivedate=2012-01-27}}</ref> Angka kakeunaan tumor sekundér kira-kira opat kali leuwih tinggi dibandingkeun tumor primér.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Merrell|first=Ryan T.|date=2012-12-01|title=Brain Tumors|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011502912001605|journal=Disease-a-Month|series=Update in Neurology|volume=58|issue=12|pages=678–689|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2012.08.009|issn=0011-5029}}</ref> Pambagean tumor sistem saraf pusat umumna make skala opat poin (I-IV) anu dijieun ku [[Organisasi Kaséhatan Dunya]] dina taun 1993 jeung, beuki luhur poin stadiumna nandakeun bahaya tumorna beuki parah. Tumor stadium hiji nyaéta tumor anu pang ringana jeung lolobana tumor jinak. Skala anu dijieun ku instansi nu sejen biasana sarua nyaéta tina I nepika IV.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=Anshu|last2=Dwivedi|first2=Tanima|date=--|title=A Simplified Overview of World Health Organization Classification Update of Central Nervous System Tumors 2016|url=https://ruralneuropractice.com/a-simplified-overview-of-world-health-organization-classification-update-of-central-nervous-system-tumors-2016/|journal=Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice|language=en|volume=8|issue=4|pages=629–641|doi=10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_168_17|issn=0976-3147}}</ref> ==== Primér ==== Tumor otak anu kaasup klasifikasi tumor primér di antarana gliomas (50,4%), meningiomas (20,8%), adenoma pituitari (15%),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aans.org/|title=Brain Tumors - Classifications, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments|website=www.aans.org|language=en|accessdate=2024-05-18}}</ref> jeung tumor selubung saraf (10%). Tumor-tumor umum anu ieu ogé bisa diklasifikasikeun dumasar kana jaringan asalna, misalna: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Jaringan asal !Budak leutik !Jalma kolot |- |Astrosit |Astrositoma Pilositik |Glioblastoma |- |Oligodendrosit | |Oligodendroglioma |- |''Ependyma'' |''Ependymoma'' | |- |Sel saraf |Medulloblastoma | |- |Selaput saraf | |Meningioma |} ==== Sekundér ==== Tumor otak sekunder nyaéta tumor métastasis anu asalna tina kanker di organ nu sejen, siga [[bayah]], [[pinareup]], [[ginjal]], jeung usus badag. Sel-sel kanker nyebar tina tumor primér ngaliwatan sistem limfatik jeung pembuluh geutih, tuluy tinggal di otak jeung ngajieun neoplasma anyar. Tumor sekundér leuwih umum tibatan tumor primér, Kalawan kira-kira 170.000 kasus anyar unggal taun di Amerika Serikat. Ieu tumor mindeng kajadian dina fase terminal kanker metastasis jeung mangrupakeun panyabab utama tumor dina rongga intrakranial, nu bisa ngaruksak otak jeung ngurangkeun volume rongga intrakranial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000769.htm|title=Metastatic brain tumor: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en|accessdate=2024-05-18}}</ref> == Epidemiologi == Data ngeunaan panyakit kanker otak nunjukkeun angka anu béda-béda antara [[nagara maju]] jeung nagara berkembang, jeung [[nagara berkembang]] téh boga kajadian anu leuwih saeutik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bondy|first=Melissa L.|last2=Scheurer|first2=Michael E.|last3=Malmer|first3=Beatrice|last4=Barnholtz-Sloan|first4=Jill S.|last5=Davis|first5=Faith G.|last6=Il'yasova|first6=Dora|last7=Kruchko|first7=Carol|last8=McCarthy|first8=Bridget J.|last9=Rajaraman|first9=Preetha|date=2008-10-01|title=Brain tumor epidemiology: Consensus from the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.23741|journal=Cancer|language=en|volume=113|issue=S7|pages=1953–1968|doi=10.1002/cncr.23741|pmc=PMC2861559|pmid=18798534}}</ref> Ieu bisa disababkeun ku maotna patali tumor anu teu didiagnosis lantaran kurangna aksés ka fasilitas [[kaséhatan]] modern jeung maotna disababkeun ku faktor nu patali kamiskinan. Statistik ogé nunjukkeun yén sababaraha jinis tumor otak primér leuwih mindeng dina masarakat anu tangtu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/brain.html|title=Cancer of the Brain and Other Nervous System - Cancer Stat Facts|website=SEER|language=en|accessdate=2024-05-18}}</ref> Panalungtikan nunjukkeun yén kajadian tumor ganas dina sistem saraf pusat (SSP) béda-béda dumasar kana nagara asal pasien. Contona, tumor SSP di Amérika Serikat jeung nagara-nagara di Eropa kalér rélatif loba, sedengkeun di [[Jepang]] jeung nagara-nagara di [[Asia]] éta leuwih saeutik. Angka anu beda-beda ieu matak bisa nunjukkeun faktor biologis ogé diagnosis dina ngalaporkeun patologis anu beda-beda carana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1156429-overview|title=Low-Grade Astrocytoma|last=GI|first=Jallo|last2=Benardete|first2=EA|website=eMedicine Neurology|accessdate=2024-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727113105/http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1156429-overview|archivedate=2010-07-27}}</ref> Data global ngeunaan kajadian kanker tiasa dipendakan di [[Organisasi Kaséhatan Dunya]] anu dikelola ku Badan Penelitian Kanker Internasional nu aya di [[Perancis]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www-dep.iarc.fr/dephome.htm|title=CANCERMondial|website=International Agency for Research on Cancer|accessdate=2024-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129192837/http://www-dep.iarc.fr/dephome.htm|archivedate=2012-01-29}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist|30em}} ==Bacaan salajeungna== {{refbegin|1}} * {{cite book|title=Ilmu Bedah Saraf IV |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=01ZjDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|last=Satyanegara|first=|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|year=2013|isbn=9786020353944|location=Jakarta|ref={{sfnref|Satyanegara|2013}}|url-status=live}} * {{cite book|title=Ilmu Bedah Saraf Edisi V |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=PKJLDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|last=Satyanegara|first=|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|year=2014|isbn=9786020310442|location=Jakarta|ref={{sfnref|Satyanegara|2014}}|url-status=live}} [[Kategori:Panyakit]] k3buihruqjwg8kt6g6ik0kf7akdkj4m Kalifornium(IV) oksida 0 105448 729116 711362 2026-09-26T12:34:28Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kalifornium(IV) oksida''' nyaéta [[sanyawa kimia|sanyawa]] [[kimia anorganik|anorganik]] binér tina [[kalifornium]] jeung [[oksigén]] kalawan [[rumus kimia|rumus]] CfO<sub>2</sub>.<ref>{{cite web |title=WebElements Periodic Table » Californium » californium dioxide |url=https://www.webelements.com/compounds/californium/californium_dioxide.html |publisher=webelements.com |access-date=11 April 2023 |accessdate=6 July 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004002253/https://www.webelements.com/compounds/californium/californium_dioxide.html |archivedate=4 October 2023 }}</ref> == Sintésis == Kalifornium dioksida dihasilkeun ku ngoksidasi kalifornium ku oksigén molekular jeung atom dina tekanan tinggi.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haire |first1=Richard G. |title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements |date=2006 |publisher=Springer Netherlands |isbn=978-1-4020-3598-2 |pages=1499–1576 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_11 |access-date=11 April 2023 |language=en |chapter=Californium|doi=10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_11 }}</ref> == Sipat fisik == Kalifornium(IV) oksida nyaéta padet hideung-coklat anu mibanda struktur kristal fluorit kubik kalayan parameter kisi, jarak antara sél unit dina kristal, 531,0 ± 0,2 pm. Kristal [[kalifornium(III) oksida]] biasana mibanda simétri kubik anu dipuseurkeun kana awak. Aranjeunna ngarobah kana bentuk monoclinic nalika dipanaskeun dugi ka 1400 °C sareng ngalembereh dina 1750 °C.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baybarz |first1=R. D. |last2=Haire |first2=R. G. |last3=Fahey |first3=J. A. |title=On the californium oxide system |journal=[[Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry]] |date=1 February 1972 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=557–565 |doi=10.1016/0022-1902(72)80435-4 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022190272804354 |access-date=11 April 2023 |language=en |issn=0022-1902}}</ref> == Tempo ogé== *[[Sanyawa kalifornium]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} {{Sanyawa kalifornium}} [[Kategori: Sanyawa kalifornium]] t1lio66oo7v125u0i87vc1ckqbir9np Kalifornium(III) fluorida 0 105451 729115 711361 2026-09-26T12:34:27Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729115 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Kristallstruktur Yttrium(III)-fluorid.png|thumb|Struktur kristal sanyawa kalifornium(III) fluorida]] '''Kalifornium(III) fluorida''' nyaéta [[sanyawa kimia|sanyawa]] anorganik binér tina [[kalifornium]] jeung [[fluorin]] kalawan rumus CfF<sub>3</sub><ref>{{cite book |last1=Haupt |first1=Axel |title=Organic and Inorganic Fluorine Chemistry: Methods and Applications |date=22 March 2021 |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG]] |isbn=978-3-11-065933-7 |page=618 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5fwkEAAAQBAJ&dq=Californium+trifluoride&pg=PA618 |access-date=6 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> == Sipat fisik == Kalifornium(III) fluorida nyaéta padet konéng-héjo<ref>{{cite web |title=WebElements Periodic Table » Californium » californium trifluoride |url=https://www.webelements.com/compounds/californium/californium_trifluoride.html |publisher=webelements.com |access-date=6 April 2023 |accessdate=6 July 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003233721/https://www.webelements.com/compounds/californium/californium_trifluoride.html |archivedate=3 October 2023 }}</ref> sarta mibanda dua struktur kristal nu gumantung suhu. Dina suhu handap struktur ortorombik (tipe YF<sub>3</sub>) kapanggih kalawan konstanta kisi ''a'' = 665,3 (3) pm, ''b'' = 703,9 (1) pm sarta ''c'' = 439,3 (3) pm. Dina suhu nu leuwih luhur eta ngabentuk sistem trigonal (tipe LaF<sub>3</sub>) jeung: a = 694,5 (3) pm sarta c = 710,1 (2) pm. Di dieu, unggal [[atom]] kalifornium dikurilingan ku salapan atom fluorin dina struktur trigonal-prismatik.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stevenson |first1=J. N. |last2=Peterson |first2=J. R. |title=The trigonal and orthorhombic crystal structures of CfF3 and their temperature relationship |journal=[[Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry]] |date=1 October 1973 |volume=35 |issue=10 |pages=3481–3486 |doi=10.1016/0022-1902(73)80356-2 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022190273803562 |access-date=6 April 2023 |language=en |issn=0022-1902}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Macintyre |first1=Jane E. |title=Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds |date=23 July 1992 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-0-412-30120-9 |page=2825 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eJvoNCSCRMC&dq=Californium(III)+fluoride&pg=PA2825 |access-date=6 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tempo ogé== *[[Sanyawa kalifornium]] {{Sanyawa kalifornium}} [[Kategori: Fluorida]] [[Kategori: Sanyawa kalifornium]] hlep349q15hjup1d2fd2p1te2qy6gxs Kalifornium(II) iodida 0 105461 729114 711360 2026-09-26T12:34:26Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kalifornium(II) iodida''' nyaéta sanyawa anorganik binér tina kalifornium jeung [[Yodium|iodin]] kalawan rumus CfI. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webelements.com/compounds/californium/californium_dioxide.html|title=WebElements Periodic Table » Californium » californium dioxide|publisher=webelements.com|accessdate=11 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004002253/https://www.webelements.com/compounds/californium/californium_dioxide.html|archivedate=4 October 2023}}</ref> Ieu bisa dihasilkeun ku cara ngurangan kalifornium triiodida jeung hidrogén dina tabung kuarsa ipis dina 570 °C: <ref>{{Cite book|last=Stuart|first=Sam|title=XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry: Plenary and Main Section Lectures Presented at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 2–8 September 1973|date=11 September 2013|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|isbn=978-1-4832-7868-1|page=117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dTIXBQAAQBAJ&dq=Californium+diiodide&pg=PA117|access-date=11 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> :{{Chem2|2CfI3 + H2 -> 2CfI2 + 2HI}} == Sipat fisik == Sanyawa mangrupa padet layung poék. Dina suhu anu rada panas, éta ngalembereh sareng ngaréaksikeun jeung silika dina tabung ipis, ngahasilkeun CfOI. Kalifornium diiodida mibanda dua struktur kristal, hiji nyaéta jenis struktur kristal CdCl, stabil dina suhu kamar, kalawan parameter kisi a = 743,4 ± 1,1 pm sarta α = 35,83 ± 0,07 °; anu sanésna nyaéta métastabil, tina jenis CdI kalawan parameter kisi a = 455,7 ± 0,4 pm sarta c = 699,2 ± 0,6 pm. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Macintyre|first=Jane E.|title=Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds|date=23 July 1992|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|isbn=978-0-412-30120-9|page=2826|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eJvoNCSCRMC&dq=Californium+diiodide&pg=PA2826|access-date=11 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> Californium diiodide boga pita serep dina rentang panjang gelombang ti 300 nepi ka 1100 nm, nu ngabuktikeun ayana Cf(II).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wild|first=J. F.|last2=Hulet|first2=E. K.|last3=Lougheed|first3=R. W.|last4=Hayes|first4=W. N.|last5=Peterson|first5=J. R.|last6=Fellows|first6=R. L.|last7=Young|first7=J. P.|date=1 January 1978|title=Studies of californium(II) and (III) iodides|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022190278801572|journal=[[Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry]]|language=en|volume=40|issue=5|pages=811–817|doi=10.1016/0022-1902(78)80157-2|issn=0022-1902|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref> ==Tempo ogé== *[[Sanyawa kalifornium]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} {{Sanyawa kalifornium}} [[Kategori:Sanyawa kalifornium]] 5i028tpzud8x551sgp8fvl3df8l1kbr Kabupatén Nias Kidul 0 105811 729074 681227 2026-09-26T12:02:15Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2|nami=Kabupatén Nias Kidul |settlement_type = Kabupaten |nama = Kabupaten Nias Selatan |foto = [[file:OMO Nifolasara.jpg|150px]] |caption = ''Omo nifolasara'', [[imah]] tradisional Nias di Bawömataluo, Fanayama |propinsi = [[Sumatera Utara]] |ibukota = [[Teluk Dalam, Nias Selatan|Teluk Dalam]] |hari jadi = {{Start date and age|2003|7|28}} |motto = Furai<!-- Motto ini adalah motto bahasa Nias, mohon cari arti dari motto daerah ini. --> |lambang = [[file:Logo Nias Selatan.JPG|150px]] |peta = [[file:12.14.00 SumatraUtara Nias Selatan.svg|100px]] |pushpin_map = Sumatera Utara |kordinat = {{coord|0.5833529131777305|97.77766689051833 | display = title,inline}} |kacamatan = 35 |kalurahan = 461 |kapala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah = [[Hilarius Duha]] |wakil kapala daerah1 = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nami wakil kapala daerah1 = [[Firman Giawa]] |sekretaris daerah = Ikhtiar Duha |ketua DPRD = Elisati Halawa |lega= = 2487,99&nbsp;km² |pangeusi= = 368484 |penduduktahun = 30 Juni [[2023]] |pendudukref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> |kapadetan = 145<sup> |agama = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |{{Tree list}} * 97,59% [[Kekristenan]] ** 78,21% [[Protestan]] ** 19,28% [[Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |2,40% [[Islam]] |0,01% [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://niasselatankab.bps.go.id/indicator/108/99/1/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-kecamatan-dan-agama-yang-dianut-.html|last=|first=|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Kecamatan dan Agama yang Dianut di Kabupaten Nias Selatan 2020|website=www.niasselatankab.bps.go.id|accessdate=15 April 2021|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415120305/https://niasselatankab.bps.go.id/indicator/108/99/1/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-kecamatan-dan-agama-yang-dianut-.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>}} |bahasa = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Bahasa Nias|Nias]] |IPM = {{increase}} 64,98 ([[2023]])<br>{{fontcolor|#00bfac|sedangi}}<ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://sumut.bps.go.id/indicator/26/750/1/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020) 2021-2023|website=www.sumut.bps.go.id|accessdate=29 Desember 2023}}</ref> |kodearea = 0630 |nopolisi = BB |dau = Rp 685.495.107.000,- ([[2020]]) |dauref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf |title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=14 April 2021}}</ref> |web = {{url|http://www.niasselatankab.go.id/}} }} '''Nias Kidul''' '''(Nisel)''' nyaéta hiji [[kabupaten]] di Pulo [[Nias]], [[Sumatera Utara]], Indonésia. Dumasar kana ''data Badan Pusat Statistik'' Nias Kidul taun 2021, pangeusi kabupatén ieu lobana aya kana 360.531 jiwa (2020), kalayan kapadatan ''penduduk'' 145 jiwa/km<sup>2</sup>, tur dina tengah taun [[2023]] lobana 368.484 jiwa.<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2023|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=29 Desember 2023|format=Visual|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|archivedate=2022-07-05}}</ref> [[Puseur dayeuh]] Nias Kidul perenahna di kacamatan [[Teluk Dalam, Nias Selatan|Teluk Dalam]].<ref name="NISEL">{{cite web|url=https://niasselatankab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/360b25647a5e7168166355ba/kabupaten-nias-selatan-dalam-angka-2021.html|title=Kabupaten Nias Selatan Dalam Angka 2021|website=www.niasselatankab.bps.go.id|accessdate=15 April 2021|pages=10, 62|format=pdf|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415120309/https://niasselatankab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/360b25647a5e7168166355ba/kabupaten-nias-selatan-dalam-angka-2021.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Nias Kidul saméméhna kaasup bagéan tina Kabupatén [[Nias]]. Status ''otonom''na dipibanda dina tanggal 25 [[Pébruari]] 2003 tur diresmikeun dina 28 Juli 2003. Kabupatén ieu diwangun ku 104 kapuloan gedé jeung leutik. Perenahna ieu polo-pulo téh manjang sajajar jeung Pulo Sumatra. Panjang pulo-pulo ieu leuwih kurang 60&nbsp;km, lébar 40&nbsp;km. Tina sakabéh kapuloan ieu, aya opat pulo gedé, tayalian Pulo ''Tanah Bala'' (39,67&nbsp;km²), Pulo ''Tanah Masa'' (32,16&nbsp;km²), Pulau ''Tello'' (18&nbsp;km²), jeung ''Pulo Pini'' (24,36&nbsp;km²). Henteu sakabéh pulo aya pangeusina. Masarakat Nias kidul nyebar di 21 pulo anu aya dina sajeroning dalapan kacamatan.<ref name="NISEL"/> == Pamaréntahan == === Bupati jeung Wakil === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Nias Selatan}} Bupati téh tayalian pamingpin anu pang luhurna di lingkungan pamaréntah Kabupatén Nias Kidul. Bupati Nias Kidul mempertanggung jawabkeun pagawéanna ka [[gubernur]] propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Mangsa ieu, [[bupati]] atawa kapala daérah anu ngajabat di Kabupatén Nias Kidul tayalian Hilarius Duha, sarta wakilna Firman Giawa. Aranjeuna téh mangrupikeun jawara tina hasil ''[[Pemilihan umum Bupati Nias Selatan 2020]]'', pikeun periode tahun [[2021]]-[[2024]]. Hilarius jeung Firman diistrénan ku gubernur [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Edy Rahmayadi]], dina kaping 26 April 2021 di kantor gubernur Sumatera kidul di [[Kota Medan]]. Ieu mangrupakeun periode kadua pikeun Hilarius Duha salaku bupati Nias Kidul.<ref name="BUPATI">{{cite web|url=https://niasselatankab.go.id/2021/04/26/gubernur-sumatera-utara-lantik-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-nias-selatan/|title=Gubernur Sumatera Utara Lantik Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Nias Selatan|date=26 April 2021|website=www.niasselatankab.go.id|accessdate=2 Februari 2022|archive-date=2022-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202125813/https://niasselatankab.go.id/2021/04/26/gubernur-sumatera-utara-lantik-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-nias-selatan/|dead-url=no}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202125813/https://niasselatankab.go.id/2021/04/26/gubernur-sumatera-utara-lantik-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-nias-selatan/ |date=2022-02-02 }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" !style="background: lavender;"|No !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Bupati !style="background: lavender;"|Mulai jabatan !style="background: lavender;"|Akhir jabatan !style="background: lavender;"|Ket. !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Wakil Bupati |- |3 |[[File:Hilarius Duha 2021.png|100px]] |[[Hilarius Duha]] |26 April 2021<br><small>([[Pemilihan umum Bupati Nias Selatan 2020|2020]]) |''Petahana'' |{{refn|group=Ket.|Hilarius Duha geus dua kali ngajabat bupati}}<ref name="BUPATI"/> |[[File:Firman Giawa 2021.png|100px]] |[[Firman Giawa]] |} <!-- === Déwan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Nias Selatan}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Nias Selatan}} === Kacamatan === {{utama|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Nias Selatan}} {{:Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Nias Selatan}} --> == Ékonomi == Ékonomi di Kabupatén Nias Kidul dibagi kana sababaraha séktor, kalayan séktor [[tatanén]] jeung ''perkebunan'' salaku anu pang onjoyna sedengkeun séktor ''industri kecil'' jeung ''menengah'' salaku séktor ékonomi anu pang handapna.{{sfn|Laia|2016|pp=i}}<ref name=”BPS”>{{Cite web| url=https://niasselatankab.bps.go.id/| date = 2023-01-17| accessdate =15/07/2024| work =BPS}}</ref><ref name=”Sin”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=LrTSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=nias+selatan&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKi9apkKiHAxVXxTgGHXWSBksQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=nias%20selatan&f=false| title =Mengungkap Kemiskinan dan Pengangguran di Kepulauan NiasSinaga| last =Sinaga| first =Murbanto| publisher =Jejak pustaka| location =Jakarta| year =2023|ISBN=9786231834775|pages =3}} Disungsi 14 Juli 2024</ref> ==Kajadian Gedé == Nalika 28 [[Maret]] 2005, aya [[lini]] anu dirandapan ku pulo [[Nias]].<ref>{{Cite book|date=2019|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338832715_KONDISI_EKOSISTEM_DAN_PERSPEKTIF_PENGEMBANGAN_TERUMBU_KARANG_KEPULAUAN_HINAKO_KABUPATEN_NIAS_BARAT_-_SUMATRA_UTARA|title=Potensi Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan WPPNRI 572|location=Jakarta Pusat|publisher=AMAFRAD Press|isbn=978-623-7651-04-8|editor-last=Koeshendrajana, S., Rusastra, W., dan Sukadi, M. F.|pages=26|url-status=live}}</ref> Kakuatanna kacida rohaka 8,7 ''[[skala Richter]]'' ngalumpuhkeun kagiatan pamarétahan jeung pangwangunan di daérah ieu. Numutkeun data bupati Nias Kidul, kacatet sahenteuna 5.845 [[imah]] warga ancur, ogé 274 tempat ibadah, 20 kantor, sarta 217 bangunan sakola di kabupatén Nias Selatan. Tur 138 [[jalma]] tilar dunya. == Catetan == {{reflist|group="Ket."}} == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|2}} === Kapustakaan === * {{citation | last = Laia | first = Heppy Santurius | title = Analisis Potensi Ekonomi Wilayah Kecamatan di Kabupaten Nias Selatan | year = 2016 | publisher = [[Universitas Sumatera Utara]] | publication-place = [[Padang Bulan, Medan Baru, Medan]] | type = M.Sc. | url = https://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/41446?show=full | access-date = 21 Juli 2022}} ==Tutumbu ka luar == * [http://kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0602/16/sumbagut/2441545.htm "Fahuhusa Laia Ditetapkan sebagai Bupati Nias Selatan"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929143721/http://kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0602/16/sumbagut/2441545.htm |date=2007-09-29 }}, ''[[KOMPAS]]'', 16 Februari 2006 * [http://www.acehmediacenter.or.id/datacenter/upload/Village_mapping_nias_selatan_A1_13_04.pdf Data kabupaten pascagempa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323004656/http://www.acehmediacenter.or.id/datacenter/upload/Village_mapping_nias_selatan_A1_13_04.pdf |date=2006-03-23 }} (format PDF) {{Kabupaten Nias Selatan}} {{sumut}} {{Mayoritas Kristen Indonesia}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nias Selatan, Kabupaten}} [[Kategori:Babagian administratif di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Kota di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Sumatra]] d89286t7lr7gr6zsmhjmzmowsygtl5n Kabupatén Mandailing Natal 0 105812 729071 681310 2026-09-26T12:01:32Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|0|37|N|99|6|E|type:adm2nd_region:ID|display=title}} {{distinguish|Pulau Natal}} {{Dati2|nami=Kabupatén Mandailing Natal |settlement_type = Kabupaten |nama = Kabupaten Mandailing Natal |translit_lang1_type = [[Surat Batak|Surat Batak Mandailing]] |translit_lang1_info = {{btk|ᯔᯊ᯲ᯑᯄᯪᯞᯪᯰ ᯊᯖᯞ᯲}} |provinsi = [[Sumatera Utara]] |ibukota = [[Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal|Panyabungan]] |motto = Madina yang Madani |lambang = [[file:Mandailing-natal.jpg|150px]] |foto = {{multiple image|border= infobox|total_width= 300|image_style = border:1; |perrow = 1 |image1=Bagas Godang Panyabungan Tonga (Batak Mandailing House) (02).jpg }} |caption = [[Bagas Godang]] di [[Panyabungan Tonga, Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal|Panyabungan Tonga]] |peta = [[file:Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Mandailing Natal.svg|150px]] |koordinat = {{Coord|0.796755|99.578792}} |dasar hukum = UU Nomor 12 tahun 1998<ref name="UU">{{cite web|url=https://otda.kemendagri.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Pembentukan-Daerah-Daerah-Otonom-di-Indonesia-s.d-Tahun-2014-2.pdf|title=Pembentukan Daerah-Daerah Otonom di Indonesia s/d Tahun 2014|website=www.otda.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=17 Januari 2022|archive-date=12 Juli 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712121648/http://otda.kemendagri.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Pembentukan-Daerah-Daerah-Otonom-di-Indonesia-s.d-Tahun-2014-2.pdf|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712121648/http://otda.kemendagri.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Pembentukan-Daerah-Daerah-Otonom-di-Indonesia-s.d-Tahun-2014-2.pdf |date=2019-07-12 }}</ref> |tanggal = 23 November 1998<ref name="UU"/> |hari jadi = {{Start date and age|1999|3|9}} |kepala daerah = Bupati |nama kepala daerah = [[Jafar Sukhairi Nasution]] |wakil kepala daerah = Wakil Bupati |nama wakil kepala daerah = [[Atika Azmi Utammi|Atika Azmi Utami Nasution]] |sekretaris daerah = Alamulhaq Daulay |ketua DPRD = Erwin Efendi Lubis |lega = 6620,7 |luasref = <ref name="MADINA"/> |penduduk = 495236 |penduduktahun = 31 Desember [[2023]] |pendudukref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL"/><ref name="MADINA">{{cite web|url=https://mandailingnatalkab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/2a2c2ba828a136654127ab8d/kabupaten-mandailing-natal-dalam-angka-2021.html|title=Kabupaten Mandailing Natal Dalam Angka 2021|website=www.mandailingnatalkab.bps.go.id|accessdate=23 September 2021|page=8, 143|format=pdf|archive-date=2021-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203071538/https://mandailingnatalkab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/2a2c2ba828a136654127ab8d/kabupaten-mandailing-natal-dalam-angka-2021.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> |kepadatan = auto |kacamatan = 24 |kalurahan = 27 |desa = 407 |agama = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |95,94% [[Islam]] |{{Tree list}} * 4,06% [[Kekristenan]] ** 3,71% [[Protestan]] ** 0,35% [[Katolik]]<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/><ref name="AGAMA">{{cite web|url=https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Wilayah+dan+Agama+yang+Dianut&tid=321&search-wilayah=Kabupaten+Mandailing+Natal&wid=1202000000&lang=id|title=Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal|website=www.sp2010.bps.go.id|accessdate=20 Januari 2021|archive-date=2023-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226163330/https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Wilayah+dan+Agama+yang+Dianut&tid=321&search-wilayah=Kabupaten+Mandailing+Natal&wid=1202000000&lang=id|dead-url=no}}</ref> {{Tree list/end}} }} |bahasa = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Rumpun bahasa Batak|Batak]] ([[Bahasa Mandailing|Mandailing]] (dominan), [[Bahasa Batak Angkola|Angkola]], [[Bahasa Batak Toba|Toba]])Dan [[Bahasa Pesisir]] |IPM = {{increase}} 72,65 ([[2023]])<br>{{fontcolor|#00726a|tinggi}}<ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://sumut.bps.go.id/indicator/26/750/1/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020) 2021-2023|website=www.sumut.bps.go.id|accessdate=29 Desember 2023}}</ref> |kodearea = 0636 |kodepos = 229XX |nomor_polisi = BB |dau = Rp 625.543.432.000.- |dauref = (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2013/bulan/02/tanggal/04/id/873/|title=Perpres No. 10 Tahun 2013|date=2013-02-04|accessdate=2013-02-15|archive-date=2013-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214064515/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2013/bulan/02/tanggal/04/id/873|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214064515/http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2013/bulan/02/tanggal/04/id/873 |date=2013-02-14 }}</ref> |web = {{url|https://madina.go.id/}} }} '''Kabupatén Mandailing Natal''' ([[Batak Mandailing]]: {{btk| ᯔᯊ᯲ᯑᯄᯪᯞᯪᯰ ᯊᯖᯞ᯲}}) anu leuwih loma disebut '''Madina''' nyaéta hiji [[kabupatén]] anu perenahna aya di propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonésia]]. [[Puseur dayeuh]]na aya di [[kacamatan]] [[Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal|Panyabungan]]. Kabupatén Mandailing Natal wates daérahna langsung jeung Propinsi [[Sumatera Barat]]. Dina akhir taun [[2023]], masarakat pangeusi kabupatén ieu jumlahna 495.236 jiwa, kalayan kapadetan 80 jiwa/km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2023|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=7 Maret 2024|format=visual|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|archivedate=2022-07-05}}</ref> Kabupatén Mandailing Natal mangrupakeun hasil tina ngamekarkeun ''[[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]]'' dina tahun 1998.<ref name="UU"/> == Sajarah == === Mangsa kolonial === {{lihat|Karesidenan Tapanuli}} [[File:Een zojuist per auto gearriveerde Europeaan bij een busstation in Panjaboengan.jpg|jmpl|220px|ki|Urang Éropa umiba di terminal Panyabungan taun 1926, Koléksi [[Tropenmuseum]].]] Pamaréntah [[[[Hindia-Walanda]] mimiti asupka wewengkon Mandailing Natal dina taun [[1824]] sarta ngadegkeun pamaréntahan anu diréksa ku Karésidenan ''[[Sungai Beremas, Pasaman Barat|Air Bangis]]'' bagéan tina ''[[Gouvernment Sumatra's Westkust]]''. Taun 1834 puseur dayeuh pamaréntahan Mandailing pindah tur aya dina pangriksa [[Karésidénan Tapanuli]]. Taun 1852, Wilayah Mandailing Natal dibagi nganjadi 2 ''Afdeling'' nyaéta :<ref name = buku>{{cite book |title = [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TyskwvV3pUkC&pg=PA12&dq=residentie+tapanoeli&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9oLya36HXAhWCTbwKHaSgBCgQ6AEIRzAH#v=onepage&q=residentie%20tapanoeli&f=false Residentie Tapanoeli (Sumatra Westkust) in 1852] |author = P.Th Couperus |title=De residentie Tapanoeli (Sumatra's Westkust) in 1852|publisher = National Library of Netherlands (Asli dari perpustakaan Universitas Leiden) |year =1852}}</ref> # ''Afdeling'' Mandailing diwangun ku Groot Mandailing, Klein Mandailing, Ulu sarta Pakantan jeung Batang Natal. # ''Afdeling'' Natal diwangun ku Distrik Natal, Sinunukan, Partiloban, Kara-kara, Teloh Baleh, Tabuyung, Singkuang, Batu Mondan jeung Batahan. === Sabada kamerdékaan Indonésia === Saméméh Mandailing Natal ngadeg jadi hiji kabupatén, ieu wewengkon masih bagéan kénéh ti [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]]. Sabada lumangsungna pamekaran, tuluy ngadeg Kabupatén Mandailing Natal dumasar kana Undang-undang Nomor 12 taun [[1998]], sacara ''formal'' diresmikeun ku ''Menteri Dalam Negeri'' dina tanggal [[23 Novémber]] [[1998]].<ref name="UU"/> Poé jadi Kabupatén Mandailing Natal dipiéling unggal tanggal [[9 Maret]]. == Géografi == [[file:Hutan Lindung dan Taman Nasional Batang Gadis.jpg|jmpl|ki|Leuweung Tutupan jeung [[Taman Nasional Batang Gadis]].]] Kabupatén Mandailing Natal perenahna dina 0°10'-1°50' ''[[Lintang Utara]]'' sarta 98°10'-100°10' ''[[Bujur Timur]]'' kalawan luhurna tina beungeut [[cai]] [[laut]] 0-2.145 m. Lega wilayah Kabupatén Mandailing Natal ±6.134,00 km2 atawa 8,40 persén di wilayah [[Sumatera Utara]].<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> === Wates wilayah === Wates [[wilayah]] Kabupatén Mandailing Natal kawas dihandap ieu:<ref>{{Cite book|date=2023|url=https://mandailingnatalkab.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/9be23b75484862e9fdfbbbcd/kabupaten-mandailing-natal-dalam-angka-2023.html|title=Kabupaten Mandailing Natal Dalam Angka 2023|publisher=BPS Kabupaten Mandailing Natal|pages=3|issn=2503-4057|url-status=live}}</ref> {{Batas_USBT |kalér = [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]] dan [[Kabupaten Padang Lawas]] |kidul = Provinsi Sumatera Barat |kulon = [[Samudra Hindia]] |wétan = [[Sumatera Barat|Provinsi Sumatera Barat]] }} === Iklim === Suhu [[hawa]] timimiti 23&nbsp;°C nepi ka 32&nbsp;°C kalayan kalembaban dimimiti 80–85%. == Pamaréntahan == === Bupati jeung wakil === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Mandailing Natal}} Bupati Mandailing Natal téh pamingpin pang luhurna di lingkungan pamaréntah Kabupatén Mandailing Natal. Bupati Mandailing Natal tanggung jawabna ka [[gubernur]] propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Kiwari, [[bupati]] atwa pupuhu daérah anu ngajabat di Kabupatén Mandailing Natal tayalian [[Jafar Sukhairi Nasution]], kalayan wakil bupati [[Atika Azmi Utammi|Atika Azmi Utammi Nasution]]. Aranjeuna kapilih dina ''[[Pemilihan umum Bupati Mandailing Natal 2020]]''. Sukhairi mangrupakeun bupati Mandailing Natal ka-4 sabada kabupatén ini diadegkeun taun [[1998]]. Sukhairi jeung Atika diistrénan ku gubernur [[Sumatera Utara]] [[Edy Rahmayadi]], dina 22 [[Juli]] 2021 di [[Kota Médan]], pikeun masa jabatan [[2021]]-[[2024]].<ref name="BUPATI">{{cite web|url=https://diskominfo.madina.go.id/sukhairi-atika-resmi-jabat-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-mandailing-natal/|title=Sukhairi-Atika, Resmi Jabat Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Mandailing Natal|date=22 Juli 2021|website=www.diskominfo.madina.go.id|accessdate=17 Januari 2022|archive-date=2022-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117085947/https://diskominfo.madina.go.id/sukhairi-atika-resmi-jabat-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-mandailing-natal/|dead-url=no}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117085947/https://diskominfo.madina.go.id/sukhairi-atika-resmi-jabat-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-mandailing-natal/ |date=2022-01-17 }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" !style="background: lavender;"|No !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Bupati !style="background: lavender;"|Mulai jabatan !style="background: lavender;"|Akhir jabatan !style="background: lavender;"|Prd. !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Wakil Bupati |- |4 |[[File:Bupati Mandailing Natal Jafar Sukhairi Nasution.jpg|100px]] |[[Jafar Sukhairi Nasution]] | 22 Juli 2021 |''petahana'' |<small>([[Pemilihan umum Bupati Mandailing Natal 2020|2020]]) |[[File:Wakil Bupati Mandailing Natal Atika Azmi Utammi Nasution.jpg|100px]] |[[Atika Azmi Utammi|Atika Azmi Utammi Nasution]] |} <!-- === Dewan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal}} === Wilayah administrasi === {{utama|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal}} {{:Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal}} --> == Démografi == [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Bruidspaar uit Pakantan Tapanuli Noord-Sumatra TMnr 10002962.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Foto lama, pengantin suku [[Suku Mandailing|Mandailing]] di [[Pakantan, Mandailing Natal]].]] [[Berkas:Bagas Godang Panyabungan Tonga (Batak Mandailing House) (01).jpg|jmpl|ki|[[Bagas Godang]] [[Panyabungan Tonga, Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal|Panyabungan Tonga]]]] === Sékésélér === Pangeusi wewengkon Kabupatén Mandailing Natal kalolobaan ti rundayan [[Suku Mandailing|Batak Mandailing]] anu sacara basa, adat-istiadat, tur budaya mangrupakeun bagéan tina ''subsuku/puak/cabang'' étnis ti sékésélér [[Suku Batak|Batak Toba]]. Urang Mandailing remen disebut sékésélér [[Suku Angkola|Angkola]], sok sanajan dua-duana sabenerna béda, tapi kalolobaana sarua, mimiti ti basa anu kawilang mirip, baju adat kawinan, jeung [[imah]] adat. Kitu deui jeung urusan marga, urang Angkola jeung Mandailing remen disebutkeun salaku ''marga'' anu sarua. Masarakat étnis Batak Mandailing di kabupatén ieu kalolobaan mibanda marga [[Nasution]], [[Lubis]], [[Pulungan]], [[Harahap]], [[Siregar]], [[Rangkuti]], jeung Daulay.<ref name="SUKU">{{Cite news|first=Rusman|last=Siregar|date=27 November 2017|url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/berita/1260799/29/asal-asul-mandailing-sejarah-dan-kebesaran-marga-marga/20|title=Asal-Usul Mandailing, Sejarah dan Kebesaran Marga-Marga|work=[[Sindonews.com]]|accessdate=23 September 2021|archive-date=2022-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621172107/https://daerah.sindonews.com/berita/1260799/29/asal-asul-mandailing-sejarah-dan-kebesaran-marga-marga/20|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kadieunakeun dituturkeun ku sékésélér [[Minangkabau]] anu baheulana loba dumuk di daérah-daérah basisir anu rundayanna kiwari leuwih dipiwanoh salaku ''[[suku Pesisir]]'' jeung [[Suku Ulu]], aya ogé étnis séjéna kawas [[Suku Melayu|Melayu]], jeung [[Suku Nias|Nias]]. Masarakat Minangkabau loba kapanggih di sabudeureun wewengkon basisir, kawas: [[Natal, Mandailing Natal|Natal]], [[Kotanopan, Mandailing Natal|Kotanopan]], [[Panyabungan Kota, Mandailing Natal|Panyabungan]], sarta wewengkon anu watesna jeung [[Sumatera Barat]]. Urang Minang di Madina bisa katempo tina ngaranna, tayalian henteu maké marga kawas urang Mandailing jeung Nias. Sanajakn kitu, sawaréhna masih kénéh miwanoh ngaran étnis Minang maranéhna anu méh sarua jeung di [[Sumatera Barat]]. Sagigireun dadagangan, masarakat Minang ogé loba anu mibanda ''perkebunan'' jeung ''pertambangan''. Di Mandailing Julu loba kapanggih urut ''nambang'' emas anu ditinggalkeun ku masarakat Minang [[Kabupaten Agam|Agam]], saperti di Huta Godang aya hiji tempat anu dingaranan ''garabak ni Agom.''<ref>Edi Nasution, Tulila: Muzik Bujukan Mandailing, Areca Books, 2007</ref> Ti daérah Mandailing Natal ieu loba medalkeun [[inohong]]-inohong anu mapaés sajarah Indonésia modérn saperti [[Abdul Haris Nasution]], [[Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana]], [[Darmin Nasution]], jeung réa-réa deui. Kajaba ti kitu kadieunakeun aya ogé étnis lianna seperti [[Jawa]], [[Sunda]] , jeung réa-réa deui. === Ageman === Kalolobaannana masarakat Kabupatén Mandailing Natal muhit ageman [[Islam]], jeung sabagéan leutik ngagem [[Kristen]]. Étnis asli di Kabupatén Mandailing Natal tayalian étnis [[Suku Mandailing|Mandailing]], ilaharna muhit ageman [[Islam]] jeung sawaréh muhit [[Protéstan]] atawa [[Katolik]]. Dumasar data [[Kementerian Dalam Negeri]] taun [[2023]] nyatet yén anu muhit ageman [[Islam]] lobana 95,94%, tur ampir rata di sakuliah kacamatan. Sagigireun anu muhit ageman [[Kekristenan]] lobana 4,06% éta téh [[Protestan]] 3,71% sarta [[Katolik]] 0,35%.<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> Anu muhit ageman Kristen kalolobaanna aya di kacamatan [[Panyabungan Utara, Mandailing Natal|Panyabungan Utara]], [[Natal, Mandailing Natal|Natal]], [[Siabu, Mandailing Natal|Siabu]], [[Naga Juang, Mandailing Natal|Naga Juang]], [[Muara Batang Gadis, Mandailing Natal|Muara Batang Gadis]] dan [[Sinunukan, Mandailing Natal|Sinunukan]]. Anu muhit ageman [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] sarta [[Hindu]], kurang ti 0,01%.<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> Sedengkeun pikeun jumlah tempat ibadah nurutkeun jinis tempat ibadah dina taun [[2021]] di Kabupatén Mandailing Natal nyaéta :<ref name="MADINA"/> * [[Masjid]] lobana 545 bangunan tur 662 musholah. * [[Garéja]] Protestan lobana 62 bangunan * [[Garéja]] Katolik lobana 4 bangunan == Infrastruktur == Perekonomian Kabupatén Mandailing Natal, dirojong ku sarana jeung prasarana ékonomi mangrupa: * Tos sayagana tanaga listrik anu mibanda ''kapasitas terpasang'' gedéna 60 MVA sarta daya ''produksi'' 49.507.816 MWH * Tos sayagana sarana télekomunikasi mangrupa telepon kabel kalayan ''kapasitas terpasang'' 4.872 SST, ogé telepon seluler ti sababaraha operator saperti Telkomsel, Indosat, XL, AXIS jeung Flexi * Sarana jalan anu panjangna 2.110&nbsp;km diwangun ku jalan nagara 297,70&nbsp;km, jalan propinsi 161,65&nbsp;km jeung jalan Kabupatén 1.423,18&nbsp;km * Tos sayaga pelabuhan laut 1 (hiji) nyaéta pelabuhan Sikara-Kara anu bisa balabuh kapal ''dalam negeri'' * Tos sadia 9 Unit [[bank]], diantarana 4 unit [[bank]] Pamaréntah sarta 5 unit [[bank]] swasta, ogé aya 1 unit kantor Pagadéan * Tos sayagana 30 pasar, diantarana 1 unit pasar kelas I di Panyabungan 1 unit pasar kelas II di Kotanopan jeung 28 unit pasar kelas III anu nyebar di 22 kacamatan. Kalawan keur dibangun ogé 1 unit pasar modérn ''(Madina Square)'' di kota Panyabungan == Atikan == === Paguron Luhur Negeri === * Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri ([[STAIN Mandailing Natal]]). == Ékonomi== ''Pendapatan Domestik Regional Bruto'' (PDRB) taun [[2007]] gedéna Rp. 2.260.838.780.000 kalawan ''pendapatan perkapitana'' Rp. 5.464.263 ogé ronjatan ékonomina 6,12 % unggal taunna. ''Struktur perekonomian Kabupaten'' Mandailing Natal téh (PDRB Harga Konstan [[2000]]) tahun [[2007]]: * Tatanén : 45,42 % * Pertambangan jeung galian: 1,54 % * Industri pangolahan: 3,53 % * Listrik, gas jeung cai bersih: 0,32 % * Bangunan: 10,05 % * Balantik hotél jeunh réstoran : 17,79% * Pengangkutan dan komunikasi: 4,63 % * Keuangan, persewaan dan jasa perusahaan: 2,01 % * Jasa-jasa: 14,67 % == Pariwisata == === Tempat wisata === [[File:Air-Panas-Sibanggor.jpg|ka|250px|jmpl|Wisata cipanas walirang di Sibanggor]] [[File:Batang-gadis.jpeg|ki|jmpl|250px|Bendungan [[Sungai Batang Gadis]].]] Aya ogé tempat-tempat wisata di Mandailing Natal tayalian:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://madina.go.id/panorama-alam/|title=Panorama Alam|publisher=Madina.go.id|date=|accessdate=15 Januari 2016|archive-date=2016-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114205928/http://madina.go.id/panorama-alam/|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114205928/http://madina.go.id/panorama-alam/ |date=2016-01-14 }}</ref> {{col|3}} * [[Sibanggor Tonga, Puncak Sorik Marapi, Mandailing Natal|Pamandian Cipanas Walirang, Sibanggor Tonga, Puncak Sorik Marapi]] * Pemandian Cianas [[Purba Julu, Puncak Sorik Marapi, Mandailing Natal]] * Pemandian Cipanas Hutaraja, Panyabungan Kidul * Pemandian Cipanas Siabu * [[Sopotinjak, Batang Natal, Mandailing Natal|Panorama Alam Sopotinjak, Batang Natal]] * Basisir Batu Rusa, Maura Batang Gadis * Basisir Sikara-kara * Pantai Galon, Natal * Curug Hutanagodang, Kotanopan * Curug Tanobato, Panyabungan Kidul * Pamandian [[Suskan}]] Aek Pohon, Tebingtinggi, Panyabungan Timur * Bagas Godang Ulu Pungkut * Bagas Godang Panyabungan Tonga, Panyabungan Kota * Bagas Godang Pidoli Dolok, Panyabungan Kota * Bagas Godang Singengu, Kotanopan * Danau Marambe, Sirambas, Panyabungan Barat * [[Sampuraga]], Sirambas, Panyabungan Barat * Danau Siombun, Dalan Lidang Panyabungan Kota * [[Sungai Batang Gadis|Bendungan Sungai Batang Gadis Aek Godang, Dalan Lidang, Panyabungan Kota]] * Jamatan Haji Abdul Hakim Ritonga, jamatan panhpanjangna di Mandailing Natal * [[Gunung Sorik Marapi]] {{EndDiv}} == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|2}} == Tutumbu ka luar == * [https://madina.go.id/ Portal Resmi Pemkab Mandaling Natal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222113244/https://madina.go.id/ |date=2024-02-22 }} {{Kabupaten Mandailing Natal}} {{Sumatera Utara}} {{Authority control}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Kota di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Sumatera]] fxukb28a91ayussh91kxhkon21oyv2a Pasantrén Ubay bin Kaab 0 105814 729262 710997 2026-09-26T20:15:39Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pasantrén Ubay bin Kaab''' nyaéta hiji [[pasantrén]] Sunni anu aya di Kota Jambi, Propinsi [[Jambi]]. Leuwih tepatna, ayana di Jl. Golf II, Pematang Sulur, Telanaipura, Kota Jambi. Pasantrén ieu diadegkeun ku [[Ustaz Abu Salma]], Lc. taun 2009 <ref name=":0" /> dina naungan [[Yayasan Imam Bukhari Al- Atsari|Yayasan Imam Bukhari Al-Atsari]] anu mangrupa salah sahiji lembaga anu nyebarkeun dakwah Salafiyah di propinsi Jambi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Fajari|first=Angga Al|date=2024-02-13|title=Perbandingan Semangat Masyarakat dalam Mengikuti Kegiatan Dakwah Salafiyah Yayasan Imam Bukhari Al-Atsary Jambi secara Online dan Offline Saat Pandemi Covid-19|url=http://ji.unbari.ac.id/index.php/ilmiah/article/view/5038|journal=Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi|volume=24|issue=1|pages=211|doi=10.33087/jiubj.v24i1.5038|issn=2549-4236}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528235449/http://ji.unbari.ac.id/index.php/ilmiah/article/view/5038 |date=2024-05-28 }}</ref> Pondok Pasantrén Ubay Bin Ka'ab ngadeg di lahan 3702 m² anu aya di puseur dayeuh Jambi sahingga gampang ditempuh ku angkot. Praktek jeung palaksanaan moderasi agama di Mahad Ubay Bin Ka'ab dina kahirupan sapopoe ngalaksanakeun toleransi beragama sarta nerapkeun sipat loma<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eramadani.com/bencana-alam-bengkulu-masjid-ubay-bin-kaab-jambi-galang-donasi/|title=Bencana Alam Bengkulu, Masjid Ubay Bin Ka’ab Jambi Galang Donasi|last=admin|website=Era Madani|language=id|accessdate=2024-06-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623051829/https://eramadani.com/bencana-alam-bengkulu-masjid-ubay-bin-kaab-jambi-galang-donasi/ |date=2024-06-23 }}</ref> ka sasama umat beragama. Ngahargaan béda dina aspék kaagamaan jeung sagala rupa aspék kahirupan séjénna, ogé nyiptakeun generasi anu cemerlang, jembar pamikiran jeung bakal nyiptakeun bangsa anu harmonis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Fitra|first=Amelia Rahman|last2=Lahmuddin|last3=Putri|first3=Perdana Aysha|date=2023-12-04|title=PANDANGAN PEREMPUAN BERCADAR TENTANG MODERASI BERAGAMA: : STUDI KASUS DI MA’HAD UBAY BIN KA’AB|url=https://sanak.fusa.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/jsa/article/view/8|journal=Sanak: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama|language=id|volume=1|issue=2}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516033831/https://sanak.fusa.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/jsa/article/view/8 |date=2024-05-16 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.humas.polri.go.id/2024/01/17/sambangi-ponpes-ubay-bin-kaab-unit-binmas-polsek-telanaipura-berikan-pesan-kamtibmas/|title=Sambangi Ponpes Ubay Bin Ka’ab ,Unit Binmas Polsek Telanaipura berikan pesan Kamtibmas. – DIVISI HUMAS POLRI|language=id-ID|accessdate=2024-06-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623052249/https://www.humas.polri.go.id/2024/01/17/sambangi-ponpes-ubay-bin-kaab-unit-binmas-polsek-telanaipura-berikan-pesan-kamtibmas/ |date=2024-06-23 }}</ref> [[Gambar:Jemaah_salat_tarawih.jpg|jmpl| Kagiatan Sholat Tarawih di Bulan Ramadhan 1444 H di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi.]] Biaya SPP di pasantren ieu gratis sareng fasilitas anu nyaman diwangun ku: : ruang belajar, asrama, sarana sholat (Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi), kantin jeung lapangan olah raga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hujroh.com/index.php/topic,5952.0/pagetitle,profil-pondok-pesantren-ubay-bin-ka-ab-jambi.html?;wap2|title=Profil Pondok Pesantren Ubay bin Ka'ab Jambi|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131164839/https://www.hujroh.com/index.php/topic,5952.0/pagetitle,profil-pondok-pesantren-ubay-bin-ka-ab-jambi.html?;wap2|archivedate=2023-01-31}}</ref> Pasantrén ieu diwangun ku Ustaz Abu Salma, Lc. anu kuliah di Universitas Islam Madinah taun 1997 sarta lulus taun 2002.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Arifin|first=Miftakhul|date=2019-04-01|title=Perancangan Radio Live Streaming Sebagai Media Akses Pendengar Dan Dakwah Di Radio Salam Jambi 105,1 Fm Berbasis Android|url=http://repository.unama.ac.id/252/|journal=|language=Indonesia|publisher=STIKOM DInamika Bangsa Jambi}}</ref> Média anu sering nyiarkeun kagiatan diajar di pasantrén ieu nyaéta [[Izzah TV]] jeung [[Radio Salam Jambi|Radio Salam Jambi 105.1 FM]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jambiupdate.co/artikel-ponpes-ubay-bin-kaab-gratiskan-calon-hafidz.html|title=Ponpes Ubay Bin Kaab Gratiskan Calon Hafidz|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126202553/https://www.jambiupdate.co/artikel-ponpes-ubay-bin-kaab-gratiskan-calon-hafidz.html|archivedate=2023-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rubrikjambi.com/kunjungi-ubay-bin-kaab-maulana-isi-talk-show-radio-ingatkan-pentingnya-vaksin-anak/|title=Kunjungi Ubay Bin Kaab, Maulana Isi Talk Show Radio Ingatkan Pentingnya Vaksin Anak|first=Nia|website=Rubrik Jambi|accessdate=23 Juni 2024}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229153312/https://rubrikjambi.com/kunjungi-ubay-bin-kaab-maulana-isi-talk-show-radio-ingatkan-pentingnya-vaksin-anak/ |date=2021-12-29 }}</ref> Kurikulum anu lumaku di Pasantrén Ubay bin Kaab nyaéta kurikulum Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah anu lulusanna dipiharep bisa jadi tokoh masarakat anu ngapalkeun Al-Qur’an jeung kompeten dina widang élmu agama.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Endang Tyasmaning|date=2023-06-10|title=Manajemen Kurikulum Berbasis Pembentukan Karakter di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung Malang|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.51339/akademika.v5i1.691|journal=Akademika: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam|volume=5|issue=1|pages=91–101|doi=10.51339/akademika.v5i1.691|issn=2721-9658}}</ref> Pasantrén Ubay bin Ka'ab loba lulusan santri. Malahan, sabagéan ti maranéhanana ayeuna nuluykeun atikanana di Universitas Islam Madinah,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jambi.tribunnews.com/amp/2018/06/11/melihat-kegiatan-yayasan-ubai-bin-kaab-mencetak-hafiz-quran-hingga-tuduhan-terorisme?page=2|title=Melihat Kegiatan Yayasan Ubai Bin Ka'ab, Mencetak Hafiz Quran hingga Tuduhan Terorisme - Halaman 2 - Tribunjambi.com|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126202548/https://jambi.tribunnews.com/amp/2018/06/11/melihat-kegiatan-yayasan-ubai-bin-kaab-mencetak-hafiz-quran-hingga-tuduhan-terorisme?page=2|archivedate=2023-01-26}}</ref> LIPIA, ogé atikan Islam di tempat séjén. [[Gambar:Ustaz_Abu_Salma,_Lc.jpg|jmpl| Ustaz Abu Salma, Lc. pendiri Pondok Pesantren Ubay bin Kaab]] == Sajarah == Taun 2008, pangadeg yayasan ieu nyoba muka pendaptaran murid, tapi euweuh siswa didaptarkeun. Taun 2009 ahirna pendaptaran mahasiswa dibuka deui sareng aya 6 mahasiswa nu kadaptar.<ref>{{Citation|title=Safari - Geliat Dakwah Sunnah di Kota Jambi {{!}} Safari - Geliat Dakwah Sunnah di Kota Jambi Perjuangan Ustadz Abu Salma dalam memulai dakwah dan mendirikan pondok gratis di Jambi. Beranjak dari... {{!}} By Surau TVFacebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/surautv/videos/safari-geliat-dakwah-sunnah-di-kota-jambi/887458731657451/|access-date=2024-06-23|language=id}}</ref> Taun 2011, pangajaran rutin dilaksanakeun saban poé Minggu, Senén, Rebo, Kemis jeung Jumaah.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://ruang-kajian.blogspot.com/2011/12/kajian-rutin-masjid-ubay-bin-kaab-jambi.html|title=Jadwal Kajian Salaf: Kajian Rutin Masjid Ubay Bin Ka'ab Jambi - Update 2011-2012|website=Jadwal Kajian Salaf|accessdate=2024-06-23}}</ref> Taun 2017, Pasantrén Ubay bin Kaab ngarobah jadwal diajar rutin jadi Senén-Jumaah jeung Minggu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BRYhECQhj4N/|title=Instagram|website=www.instagram.com|accessdate=2024-06-23}}</ref> Dina mangsa pandémik Covid-19, masarakat leuwih antusias pikeun ilubiung dina kagiatan dakwah Salafiyah sacara offline tibatan online.<ref name=":1"/> Tanggal 3 Désémber 2023, pangajaran rutin ngan ukur dina dinten Minggu isuk-isuk kalayan diajar kitab, sareng malem Kemis kalayan diajar tafsir Al-Qur'an.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=846145917434807&set=pb.100061182203300.-2207520000&type=3&locale=id_ID|title=Facebook|website=www.facebook.com|accessdate=2024-06-23}}</ref> == Masjid == [[Gambar:Plakat_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi.jpg|jmpl| Plakat Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi]] Masjid Ubay bin Kaab nyaéta [[Masigit|masjid]] anu aya di Jl. Golf II Pematang Sulur, Telanaipura, Kota Jambi. Ieu masjid diadegkeun dina waktos anu sami sareng Pasantrén Ubay bin Kaab. == Galeri == <gallery> Gambar:Suasana_Iduladha_di_depan_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_01.jpg|pra=Berkas:Suasana_Iduladha_di_depan_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_01.jpg|al=Suasana Iduladha di depan Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi| '''Suasana Idul Adha di rohangan Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi''' Gambar:Suasana_Kajian_Rutin_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi.jpg|pra=Berkas:Suasana_Kajian_Rutin_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi.jpg|al=Suasana Kajian Rutin di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi| '''Suasana belajar rutin di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi''' Gambar:Suasana_Berbuka_Puasa_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_02.jpg|pra=Berkas:Suasana_Berbuka_Puasa_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_02.jpg|al=Suasana Berbuka Puasa di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi| '''Suasana buka puasa di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi''' Gambar:Salat_Tarawih_Berjemaah.jpg|pra=Berkas:Salat_Tarawih_Berjemaah.jpg|al=Salat Tarawih Berjemaah Di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab| '''Sholat Tarawih Berjamaah di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab''' Gambar:Jemaah_bersujud_tampak_belakang.jpg|pra=Berkas:Jemaah_bersujud_tampak_belakang.jpg|al=Salat Tarawih| '''Sholat tarawih''' Gambar:Suasana_Berbuka_Puasa_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_01.jpg|pra=Berkas:Suasana_Berbuka_Puasa_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_01.jpg|al=Suasana Berbuka Puasa di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi| '''Suasana buka puasa di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi''' Gambar:Suasana_Iduladha_di_depan_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_05.jpg|pra=Berkas:Suasana_Iduladha_di_depan_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_05.jpg|al=Suasana Iduladha di depan Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi| '''Suasana Idul Adha di rohangan Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi''' Gambar:Jemaah_bersujud.jpg|pra=Berkas:Jemaah_bersujud.jpg Gambar:Jemaah_Duduk_Tawarruk.jpg|pra=Berkas:Jemaah_Duduk_Tawarruk.jpg Gambar:Sifat_Huruf_Alquran.jpg|pra=Berkas:Sifat_Huruf_Alquran.jpg Gambar:Bakda_isya_menunggu_salat_tarawih.jpg|pra=Berkas:Bakda_isya_menunggu_salat_tarawih.jpg|al=Bakda Isya menunggu salat tarawih| '''Bakda Isya ngalaksanakeun solat tarawih''' Gambar:Membaca_Alquran_sembari_menunggu_salat_Isya.jpg|pra=Berkas:Membaca_Alquran_sembari_menunggu_salat_Isya.jpg|al=Membaca Alquran sembari menunggu salat Isya| '''Maca Qur'an bari nungguan solat Isya''' Gambar:Jemaah_Menunggu_Imam_Salat.jpg|pra=Berkas:Jemaah_Menunggu_Imam_Salat.jpg|al=Jemaah Menunggu Imam Salat| '''Jamaah Nunggu Solat Imam''' </gallery> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Telanaipura, Jambi]] sllcxzc0ezd3e3jod573sub6e1gndxw 729421 729262 2026-09-27T07:41:44Z KiranBOT 33962 dipiceun tracking AMP tina URL ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|rinci]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|kasalahan laporan]]) v3.1.1s 729421 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pasantrén Ubay bin Kaab''' nyaéta hiji [[pasantrén]] Sunni anu aya di Kota Jambi, Propinsi [[Jambi]]. Leuwih tepatna, ayana di Jl. Golf II, Pematang Sulur, Telanaipura, Kota Jambi. Pasantrén ieu diadegkeun ku [[Ustaz Abu Salma]], Lc. taun 2009 <ref name=":0" /> dina naungan [[Yayasan Imam Bukhari Al- Atsari|Yayasan Imam Bukhari Al-Atsari]] anu mangrupa salah sahiji lembaga anu nyebarkeun dakwah Salafiyah di propinsi Jambi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Fajari|first=Angga Al|date=2024-02-13|title=Perbandingan Semangat Masyarakat dalam Mengikuti Kegiatan Dakwah Salafiyah Yayasan Imam Bukhari Al-Atsary Jambi secara Online dan Offline Saat Pandemi Covid-19|url=http://ji.unbari.ac.id/index.php/ilmiah/article/view/5038|journal=Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi|volume=24|issue=1|pages=211|doi=10.33087/jiubj.v24i1.5038|issn=2549-4236}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528235449/http://ji.unbari.ac.id/index.php/ilmiah/article/view/5038 |date=2024-05-28 }}</ref> Pondok Pasantrén Ubay Bin Ka'ab ngadeg di lahan 3702 m² anu aya di puseur dayeuh Jambi sahingga gampang ditempuh ku angkot. Praktek jeung palaksanaan moderasi agama di Mahad Ubay Bin Ka'ab dina kahirupan sapopoe ngalaksanakeun toleransi beragama sarta nerapkeun sipat loma<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eramadani.com/bencana-alam-bengkulu-masjid-ubay-bin-kaab-jambi-galang-donasi/|title=Bencana Alam Bengkulu, Masjid Ubay Bin Ka’ab Jambi Galang Donasi|last=admin|website=Era Madani|language=id|accessdate=2024-06-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623051829/https://eramadani.com/bencana-alam-bengkulu-masjid-ubay-bin-kaab-jambi-galang-donasi/ |date=2024-06-23 }}</ref> ka sasama umat beragama. Ngahargaan béda dina aspék kaagamaan jeung sagala rupa aspék kahirupan séjénna, ogé nyiptakeun generasi anu cemerlang, jembar pamikiran jeung bakal nyiptakeun bangsa anu harmonis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Fitra|first=Amelia Rahman|last2=Lahmuddin|last3=Putri|first3=Perdana Aysha|date=2023-12-04|title=PANDANGAN PEREMPUAN BERCADAR TENTANG MODERASI BERAGAMA: : STUDI KASUS DI MA’HAD UBAY BIN KA’AB|url=https://sanak.fusa.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/jsa/article/view/8|journal=Sanak: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama|language=id|volume=1|issue=2}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516033831/https://sanak.fusa.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/jsa/article/view/8 |date=2024-05-16 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.humas.polri.go.id/2024/01/17/sambangi-ponpes-ubay-bin-kaab-unit-binmas-polsek-telanaipura-berikan-pesan-kamtibmas/|title=Sambangi Ponpes Ubay Bin Ka’ab ,Unit Binmas Polsek Telanaipura berikan pesan Kamtibmas. – DIVISI HUMAS POLRI|language=id-ID|accessdate=2024-06-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623052249/https://www.humas.polri.go.id/2024/01/17/sambangi-ponpes-ubay-bin-kaab-unit-binmas-polsek-telanaipura-berikan-pesan-kamtibmas/ |date=2024-06-23 }}</ref> [[Gambar:Jemaah_salat_tarawih.jpg|jmpl| Kagiatan Sholat Tarawih di Bulan Ramadhan 1444 H di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi.]] Biaya SPP di pasantren ieu gratis sareng fasilitas anu nyaman diwangun ku: : ruang belajar, asrama, sarana sholat (Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi), kantin jeung lapangan olah raga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hujroh.com/index.php/topic,5952.0/pagetitle,profil-pondok-pesantren-ubay-bin-ka-ab-jambi.html?;wap2|title=Profil Pondok Pesantren Ubay bin Ka'ab Jambi|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131164839/https://www.hujroh.com/index.php/topic,5952.0/pagetitle,profil-pondok-pesantren-ubay-bin-ka-ab-jambi.html?;wap2|archivedate=2023-01-31}}</ref> Pasantrén ieu diwangun ku Ustaz Abu Salma, Lc. anu kuliah di Universitas Islam Madinah taun 1997 sarta lulus taun 2002.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Arifin|first=Miftakhul|date=2019-04-01|title=Perancangan Radio Live Streaming Sebagai Media Akses Pendengar Dan Dakwah Di Radio Salam Jambi 105,1 Fm Berbasis Android|url=http://repository.unama.ac.id/252/|journal=|language=Indonesia|publisher=STIKOM DInamika Bangsa Jambi}}</ref> Média anu sering nyiarkeun kagiatan diajar di pasantrén ieu nyaéta [[Izzah TV]] jeung [[Radio Salam Jambi|Radio Salam Jambi 105.1 FM]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jambiupdate.co/artikel-ponpes-ubay-bin-kaab-gratiskan-calon-hafidz.html|title=Ponpes Ubay Bin Kaab Gratiskan Calon Hafidz|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126202553/https://www.jambiupdate.co/artikel-ponpes-ubay-bin-kaab-gratiskan-calon-hafidz.html|archivedate=2023-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rubrikjambi.com/kunjungi-ubay-bin-kaab-maulana-isi-talk-show-radio-ingatkan-pentingnya-vaksin-anak/|title=Kunjungi Ubay Bin Kaab, Maulana Isi Talk Show Radio Ingatkan Pentingnya Vaksin Anak|first=Nia|website=Rubrik Jambi|accessdate=23 Juni 2024}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229153312/https://rubrikjambi.com/kunjungi-ubay-bin-kaab-maulana-isi-talk-show-radio-ingatkan-pentingnya-vaksin-anak/ |date=2021-12-29 }}</ref> Kurikulum anu lumaku di Pasantrén Ubay bin Kaab nyaéta kurikulum Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah anu lulusanna dipiharep bisa jadi tokoh masarakat anu ngapalkeun Al-Qur’an jeung kompeten dina widang élmu agama.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Endang Tyasmaning|date=2023-06-10|title=Manajemen Kurikulum Berbasis Pembentukan Karakter di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung Malang|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.51339/akademika.v5i1.691|journal=Akademika: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam|volume=5|issue=1|pages=91–101|doi=10.51339/akademika.v5i1.691|issn=2721-9658}}</ref> Pasantrén Ubay bin Ka'ab loba lulusan santri. Malahan, sabagéan ti maranéhanana ayeuna nuluykeun atikanana di Universitas Islam Madinah,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jambi.tribunnews.com/2018/06/11/melihat-kegiatan-yayasan-ubai-bin-kaab-mencetak-hafiz-quran-hingga-tuduhan-terorisme|title=Melihat Kegiatan Yayasan Ubai Bin Ka'ab, Mencetak Hafiz Quran hingga Tuduhan Terorisme - Halaman 2 - Tribunjambi.com|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126202548/https://jambi.tribunnews.com/amp/2018/06/11/melihat-kegiatan-yayasan-ubai-bin-kaab-mencetak-hafiz-quran-hingga-tuduhan-terorisme?page=2|archivedate=2023-01-26}}</ref> LIPIA, ogé atikan Islam di tempat séjén. [[Gambar:Ustaz_Abu_Salma,_Lc.jpg|jmpl| Ustaz Abu Salma, Lc. pendiri Pondok Pesantren Ubay bin Kaab]] == Sajarah == Taun 2008, pangadeg yayasan ieu nyoba muka pendaptaran murid, tapi euweuh siswa didaptarkeun. Taun 2009 ahirna pendaptaran mahasiswa dibuka deui sareng aya 6 mahasiswa nu kadaptar.<ref>{{Citation|title=Safari - Geliat Dakwah Sunnah di Kota Jambi {{!}} Safari - Geliat Dakwah Sunnah di Kota Jambi Perjuangan Ustadz Abu Salma dalam memulai dakwah dan mendirikan pondok gratis di Jambi. Beranjak dari... {{!}} By Surau TVFacebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/surautv/videos/safari-geliat-dakwah-sunnah-di-kota-jambi/887458731657451/|access-date=2024-06-23|language=id}}</ref> Taun 2011, pangajaran rutin dilaksanakeun saban poé Minggu, Senén, Rebo, Kemis jeung Jumaah.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://ruang-kajian.blogspot.com/2011/12/kajian-rutin-masjid-ubay-bin-kaab-jambi.html|title=Jadwal Kajian Salaf: Kajian Rutin Masjid Ubay Bin Ka'ab Jambi - Update 2011-2012|website=Jadwal Kajian Salaf|accessdate=2024-06-23}}</ref> Taun 2017, Pasantrén Ubay bin Kaab ngarobah jadwal diajar rutin jadi Senén-Jumaah jeung Minggu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BRYhECQhj4N/|title=Instagram|website=www.instagram.com|accessdate=2024-06-23}}</ref> Dina mangsa pandémik Covid-19, masarakat leuwih antusias pikeun ilubiung dina kagiatan dakwah Salafiyah sacara offline tibatan online.<ref name=":1"/> Tanggal 3 Désémber 2023, pangajaran rutin ngan ukur dina dinten Minggu isuk-isuk kalayan diajar kitab, sareng malem Kemis kalayan diajar tafsir Al-Qur'an.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=846145917434807&set=pb.100061182203300.-2207520000&type=3&locale=id_ID|title=Facebook|website=www.facebook.com|accessdate=2024-06-23}}</ref> == Masjid == [[Gambar:Plakat_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi.jpg|jmpl| Plakat Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi]] Masjid Ubay bin Kaab nyaéta [[Masigit|masjid]] anu aya di Jl. Golf II Pematang Sulur, Telanaipura, Kota Jambi. Ieu masjid diadegkeun dina waktos anu sami sareng Pasantrén Ubay bin Kaab. == Galeri == <gallery> Gambar:Suasana_Iduladha_di_depan_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_01.jpg|pra=Berkas:Suasana_Iduladha_di_depan_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_01.jpg|al=Suasana Iduladha di depan Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi| '''Suasana Idul Adha di rohangan Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi''' Gambar:Suasana_Kajian_Rutin_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi.jpg|pra=Berkas:Suasana_Kajian_Rutin_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi.jpg|al=Suasana Kajian Rutin di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi| '''Suasana belajar rutin di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi''' Gambar:Suasana_Berbuka_Puasa_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_02.jpg|pra=Berkas:Suasana_Berbuka_Puasa_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_02.jpg|al=Suasana Berbuka Puasa di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi| '''Suasana buka puasa di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi''' Gambar:Salat_Tarawih_Berjemaah.jpg|pra=Berkas:Salat_Tarawih_Berjemaah.jpg|al=Salat Tarawih Berjemaah Di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab| '''Sholat Tarawih Berjamaah di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab''' Gambar:Jemaah_bersujud_tampak_belakang.jpg|pra=Berkas:Jemaah_bersujud_tampak_belakang.jpg|al=Salat Tarawih| '''Sholat tarawih''' Gambar:Suasana_Berbuka_Puasa_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_01.jpg|pra=Berkas:Suasana_Berbuka_Puasa_di_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_01.jpg|al=Suasana Berbuka Puasa di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi| '''Suasana buka puasa di Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi''' Gambar:Suasana_Iduladha_di_depan_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_05.jpg|pra=Berkas:Suasana_Iduladha_di_depan_Masjid_Ubay_bin_Kaab_Jambi_05.jpg|al=Suasana Iduladha di depan Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi| '''Suasana Idul Adha di rohangan Masjid Ubay bin Kaab Jambi''' Gambar:Jemaah_bersujud.jpg|pra=Berkas:Jemaah_bersujud.jpg Gambar:Jemaah_Duduk_Tawarruk.jpg|pra=Berkas:Jemaah_Duduk_Tawarruk.jpg Gambar:Sifat_Huruf_Alquran.jpg|pra=Berkas:Sifat_Huruf_Alquran.jpg Gambar:Bakda_isya_menunggu_salat_tarawih.jpg|pra=Berkas:Bakda_isya_menunggu_salat_tarawih.jpg|al=Bakda Isya menunggu salat tarawih| '''Bakda Isya ngalaksanakeun solat tarawih''' Gambar:Membaca_Alquran_sembari_menunggu_salat_Isya.jpg|pra=Berkas:Membaca_Alquran_sembari_menunggu_salat_Isya.jpg|al=Membaca Alquran sembari menunggu salat Isya| '''Maca Qur'an bari nungguan solat Isya''' Gambar:Jemaah_Menunggu_Imam_Salat.jpg|pra=Berkas:Jemaah_Menunggu_Imam_Salat.jpg|al=Jemaah Menunggu Imam Salat| '''Jamaah Nunggu Solat Imam''' </gallery> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Telanaipura, Jambi]] g5q5t3ojrc1mtgu4wc558uuv5yzccoo Kabupatén Padang Lawas Kalér 0 105824 729075 681057 2026-09-26T12:02:25Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2|nami=Kabupatén Padang Lawas Kalér |settlement_type = Kabupaten |translit_lang1_type = [[Surat Batak|Batak Angkola]] |translit_lang1_info = {{btk|ᯇᯑᯝ᯲ ᯞᯋᯚ᯲ ᯥᯖᯒ}} |nama = Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara |propinsi = [[Sumatera Utara]] |ibukota = [[Pasar Gunung Tua, Padang Bolak, Padang Lawas Utara|Gunung Tua]] |foto = [[File:Candi Bahal II mirza baihaqie.jpg|100px]] |caption = [[Candi Bahal|Candi Bahal II]] di Portibi |lambang = [[file:Lambang padang lawas utara.jpg|100px]] |peta = [[file:Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara.svg|150px]] |kordinat = |motto = |dasar hukum = UU RI Nomor 37 tahun 2007<ref name="UU">{{cite web|url=https://otda.kemendagri.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Pembentukan-Daerah-Daerah-Otonom-di-Indonesia-s.d-Tahun-2014-2.pdf|title=Pembentukan Daerah-Daerah Otonom di Indonesia s/d Tahun 2014|website=www.otda.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=17 Januari 2022|archive-date=12 Juli 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712121648/http://otda.kemendagri.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Pembentukan-Daerah-Daerah-Otonom-di-Indonesia-s.d-Tahun-2014-2.pdf|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712121648/http://otda.kemendagri.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Pembentukan-Daerah-Daerah-Otonom-di-Indonesia-s.d-Tahun-2014-2.pdf |date=2019-07-12 }}</ref> |tanggal = [[14 Agustus]] [[2007]]<ref name="UU"/> |kapala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah = [[Patuan Rahmat Syukur Parlaungan Hasibuan|Patuan Rahmat Hasibuan]] (Pj.) |wakil kapala daerah = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nama wakil kepala daerah = ''lowong'' |sekretaris daerah = Makmur Harahap (Pj.) |ketua DPRD = |lega = 3918,05 |pangeusi = 269845 |kapadetan = 57 <sup> |pangeusitahun = [[2021]] |pendudukref = <ref name="PALUTA">{{cite web|url=https://palutakab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/29fda535fca6a3e026a54a73/kabupaten-padang-lawas-utara-dalam-angka-2021.html|title=Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara Dalam Angka 2021|website=www.palutakab.bps.go.id|accessdate=16 Juni 2021|pages=5, 66|format=pdf|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185417/https://palutakab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/29fda535fca6a3e026a54a73/kabupaten-padang-lawas-utara-dalam-angka-2021.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> |kepadatan = auto |agama = [[Islam]] 90,24%<br> [[Kristen]] 9,75%<br>- [[Protestan]] 9,34%<br>- [[Katolik]] 0,41%<br> Lainnya 0,01%<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2021|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=16 Agustus 2021|format=visual|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|archivedate=2022-07-05}}</ref> |bahasa = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Rumpun bahasa Batak|Batak]] ([[Bahasa Batak Angkola|Angkola]], [[Bahasa Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Bahasa Batak Toba|Toba]]) |IPM = {{increase}} 73,45 ([[2023]])<br>{{fontcolor|#00726a|tinggi}}<ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://sumut.bps.go.id/indicator/26/750/1/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020) 2021-2023|website=www.sumut.bps.go.id|accessdate=29 Desember 2023}}</ref> |kacamatan = 12 [[kecamatan]] |kalurahan = 2 [[kelurahan]] |desa = 386 [[desa]] |kodearea = |kodepos = 227XX |dau = Rp 598.032.227.000,00- ([[2020]]) |dauref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf |title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=16 Juni 2021}}</ref> |nomor_polisi = BB |web = {{URL|http://www.padanglawasutarakab.go.id/}} }} '''Kabupatén Padang Lawas Kalér''' nyaéta salah sahiji [[Kabupatén]] anu aya di [[propinsi]] [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Padang Lawas Utara mangrupikeun hasil tina mekarkeun Kabupatén Tapanuli Selatan dina taun 2007, dumasar kana Undang-undang Républik Indonésia Nomor 37 taun 2007, ngeunaan diadegkeunana Kabupatén Padang Lawas Utara. [[Puseur dayeuh]]na kabupaten ieu aya di [[Pasar Gunung Tua, Padang Bolak, Padang Lawas Utara|Gunung Tua]]. Dina taun 2021, Kabupatén Padang Lawas Utara jumlah masarakatna 269.845 jiwa, tur kapadetan 69 jiwa/km².<ref name="PALUTA"/> == Sajarah == Kabupatén Padang Lawas Utara mangrupa ngamekarkeun/ékspansi ti [[Kabupatén Tapanuli Selatan]] dina taun [[2007]]. Tapanuli Kidul dimekarkeun ngajadi 3 wilayah [[kabupatén]], tayalian Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul salaku kabupatén ''induk'' anu [[puseur dayeuh]]na di [[Sipirok, Tapanuli Selatan|Sipirok]], terus Kabupatén Padang Lawas Utara anu puseurna di Gunung Tua, sarta [[Kabupatén Padang Lawas]] kalawan [[puseur dayeuh]]na di Sibuhuan. Sababaraha kacamatan anu ka wengku ku masing-masing kabupatén ogé dimekarkeun pikeun ngarojong mekarna kabupatén.<ref name="SEJARAH">{{cite web|url=https://padanglawasutarakab.go.id/read/9/sejarah-padang-lawas-utara|title=Sejarah Padang Lawas Utara|website=|accessdate=17 Januari 2022|archive-date=2022-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117094001/https://padanglawasutarakab.go.id/read/9/sejarah-padang-lawas-utara|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117094001/https://padanglawasutarakab.go.id/read/9/sejarah-padang-lawas-utara |date=2022-01-17 }}</ref> Dasar hukum ngadegna Kabupatén Padang Lawas Utara tina [[Undang-Undang|Undang-Undang Républik Indonésia]] Nomor 37 Taun 2007 jeung disahkeun dina kaping 14 [[Agustus]] 2007 ngeunaan ngadegna Kabupatén Padang Lawas Utara jeung Undang- Undang Républik Indonésia Nomor 38 Taun 2007 jeung disahkeun dina tanggal 14 Agustus 2007 ngeunaan diwujudkeuna Kabupatén Padang Lawas.<ref name="UU"/> Drs. H. Arsyad, ngajadi penjabat bupati saheulaanan, jeung [[Bachrum Harahap]] ngajadi bupati munggaran Padang Lawas Utara.<ref name="SEJARAH"/> == Pamaréntahan == === Bupati === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Padang Lawas Utara}} [[Bupati]] Padang Lawas Utara (Paluta) tayalian pamingpin pang luhurna di lingkungan pamaréntah Kabupatén Padang Lawas Utara. Bupati Paluta tanggung jawabna ka [[gubernur]] propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Kiwari, [[bupati]] atawa kepala daérah anu ngajabat di Kabupatén Padang Lawas Utara tayalian [[Andar Amin Harahap]], kalawan wakil bupati [[Hariro Harahap]]. Aranjeung kapilih dina ''[[Pemilihan umum Bupati Padang Lawas Utara 2018]]''. Andarmangrupa bupati Paluta ka-2 anu saméméhna kabupatén ieu diadegkeun tahun [[2007]]. Bupati saméméhna tayalian [[Bachrum Harahap]] anu ngajabat salila dua periode, mangrupakeun bapana pituin bupati kiwari. Andar jeung Hariro diistrénan ku gubernur [[Sumatera Utara]] [[Edy Rahmayadi]], dina 27 Novémber 2018 [[Kota Médan]], pikeun ''masa jabatan'' [[2018]]-[[2023]].<ref name="BUPATI">{{cite web|url=https://www.medanbisnisdaily.com/news/online/read/2018/11/27/58905/lantik_andar_amin_jadi_bupati_paluta_gubernur_edy_merasa_bagai_murid_melantik_guru/|title=Lantik Andar Amin Jadi Bupati Paluta, Gubernur Edy Merasa Bagai Murid Melantik Guru|date=27 November 2018|website=www.medanbisnisdaily.com|accessdate=17 Januari 2022|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182654/https://www.medanbisnisdaily.com/news/online/read/2018/11/27/58905/lantik_andar_amin_jadi_bupati_paluta_gubernur_edy_merasa_bagai_murid_melantik_guru/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Sabada masa jabatan réngsé, kiwari jabatan bupati Padang Lawas Utara dipasrahkeun ka [[Patuan Rahmat Syukur Parlaungan Hasibuan]]. Anjeuna diistrenan dina 27 Novémber 2023, ku panjabat gubernur [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Hassanudin]], di Aula Tengku Rizal Nurdin, Imah Dinas Gubernur, [[Kota Médan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wartapoldasu.id/2023/11/28/patuan-rahmat-sukur-hasibuan-sah-dilantik-pj-bupati-paluta/|title=Patuan Rahmat Sukur Hasibuan Sah Dilantik Pj Bupati Paluta|website=wartapoldasu.id|accessdate=29 Desember 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229143430/https://wartapoldasu.id/2023/11/28/patuan-rahmat-sukur-hasibuan-sah-dilantik-pj-bupati-paluta/|archivedate=2023-12-29}}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" !style="background: lavender;"|No !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Bupati !style="background: lavender;"|Mulai jabatan !style="background: lavender;"|Akhir jabatan !style="background: lavender;"|Wakil Bupati |- |* |[[File:Patuan Rahmat Syukur P. Hasibuan.jpg|100px]] |[[Patuan Rahmat Syukur Parlaungan Hasibuan]]<br> ([[Penjabat]]) | 27 Novémber 2023 |''Petahana'' |''Lowong'' |} <!--> === Dewan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara}} === Wilayah administrasi === {{utama|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara}} {{:Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara}} <--> [[file:(Peta Wilayah) Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara.svg|center|250px|jmpl|Bagéan tina Wilayah Kacamatan di Kabupatén Padang Lawas Utara]] == Démografi == === Penduduk === Jumlah Pangeusi Padang Lawas Utara dina hasil sénsus 2010 lobana 223.531 jiwa kalayan kapédatanna 57 per km², yang pada tahun 2020 meningkat menjadi 260.720 jiwa dengan pertumbuhan penduduk dari tahun ke tahun sekitar 2,18 persen. [[Masarakat]] kabupatén Padang Lawas Utara diwangun ku sababaraha étnis. Tapi kalolobaana ti sékésélér [[Batak Angkola]]. Aya sababaraha rupa ''marga'' Batak Angkola, kayaning: Harahap, Lubis, Siregar, Rambe, Nasution, Hasibuan, Daulay, Dalimunte, Hutasuhut, Batubara. Sagigireun éta, [[Batak Toba]], [[Suku Nias|Nias]] jeung [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]] ogé cukup loba di PALUTA.<ref name=PALUTA/> === Agéma === Ageman [[Islam]] dipuhit ku 90,24%, satuluyna [[Kristen Protestan]] 9,34%, [[Katolik]] 0,41% jeung sésana kurang leuwih 0,01%.<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> Masarakat Batak Angkola, Mandailing, Simalungun, Karo, Toba, Minangkabau jeung Jawa, ilaharna muhit ageaman Islam. Sedengkeun warga étnis Batak Toba, Karo, Simalungun jeung Nias, leuwih loba muhit ageman Kristen. Sagigireun imah tempat [[ibadah]] 593 masjid, 34 garéja Protestan tur 1 gereja Katolik.<ref name="PALUTA"/> == Pariwisata == [[File:Candi Bahal 1.JPG|jmpl|250px|[[Candi Bahal]] di Portibi]] Kabupatén ini memiliki beberapa objék wisata, Diantarana: # [[Candi Bahal]] I, II dan III Portibi di désa Bahal [[Kacamatan]]. Portibi [[Kabupaén]]. Padang Lawas Utara # Aek Milas Pangirkiran di Désa Pangirkiran Kec. Halongonan Kab. Padang Lawas Utara # Danau Tao di Batang Onang Baru Kec. Batang Onang Kab. Padang Lawas Utara # Danau Tasik di Simardona Kec Batang Onang Kab. Padang Lawas Utara # Danau Sigayung di Desa. Sibatangkayu Kec. Padang Bolak Kab. Padang Lawas Utara # Barumun Nagari Wildlife ('''Suaka Margasatwa Barumun)''' Sanctuary Desa, Batu Nanggar Kec. Batang Onang Kab. Padang Lawas Utara # Water BOOM RCM di Pusat Kota Gunungtua Kab. Padang Lawas Utara (Water BOOM Terbesar dan terlengkap di Tabagsel) # Batu Kapur di Paranginan Gunungtua Kab. Padang Lawas Utara # Air Terjun Sihorbo di Sipiongot Kec. Dolok '''Kab. Padang Lawas Utara''' # Bendungan Parigi Kec. Dolok Kab. Padang Lawas Utara # Bendungan Janji Manaha kec. Dolok kab. Padang Lawas Utara # Bendungan Batang Ilung di désa Sibagasi Kec. Padang Bolak Kab. Padang Lawas Utara # Puncak Paluta di désa Purba Sinomba Kec. Padang Bolak Kab. Padang Lawas Utara == Transportasi == Sababaraha ''transportasi'' umum anu aya di kabupatén ieu, aya hiji bandara tayalian [[Bandar Udara Aek Godang|Bandara Aek Godang]] anu perenahna di désa [[Aek Godang, Hulu Sihapas, Padang Lawas Utara|Aek Godang]], kacamatan [[Hulu Sihapas, Padang Lawas Utara|Hulu Sihapas]], kalawan ngalaksanakeun rute Gunungtua–Medan (PP). Sagigireun éta pikeun beus ''antarkota-kabupaten'' jeung ''antar'' provinsi, mimanda CV. Batang Pane Baru (Gunungtua–Medan), PO. Batang Pane (Gunungtua– Dumai), CV. Padang Bolak (Gunungtua–Medan), CV. Putra Padang Bolak (Gunungtua–Medan), PT Kita Bersama (Gunungtua–Pekanbaru–Jambi), Mandailing Antar Nusa (Gunungtua–Pekanbaru), dan PT ALS (Gunung tua–Jakarta–Bandung- Semarang–Malang–Surabaya–Jember). == Dicutat tina== {{reflist}} == Tutumbu ka luar == * [http://www.padanglawasutarakab.go.id/ Situs resmi pemkab Padang Lawas Utara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031102933/https://padanglawasutarakab.go.id/ |date=2020-10-31 }} {{Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara}} {{Sumatera Utara}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kota di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Sumatra]] 0v6ibhmv2w17iac00qyersjzpp10c1s Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér 0 105965 729089 709395 2026-09-26T12:09:50Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2 |settlement_type = Kabupaten |nama = Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara |translit_lang1_type = [[Surat Batak|Surat Batak Toba]] |translit_lang1_info = {{btk|ᯖᯇᯉᯮᯞᯪ ᯥᯖᯒ}} |nama_lain = Taput |propinsi = [[Sumatera Utara]] |foto = {{multiple image|border= infobox|total_width= 300|image_style= border:1; |perrow = 2/2 |image1=Salib Kasih Siatas Barita.jpg |image2=Halak_Batak.jpg |image3=Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara, Sumatera Utara 04.jpg |image4=HKBP Batu Nadua, Res. Gultom 02.jpg }} |caption = '''Dari atas ke bawah''': [[Salib Kasih]], Pakaian tradisional [[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], Kantor bupati Tapanuli Utara, dan [[HKBP]] Batunadua Pangaribuan |ibukota = [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]] |motto = {{btk|ᯀᯒ᯲ᯎ ᯑᯬ ᯅᯬᯉ ᯉᯪ ᯇᯪᯉᯘ}}<br/>{{small|Arga do bona ni pinasa<br>{{lang icon|Batak Toba}} Kampung halaman itu berharga}} |lambang = Logo Pemkab Tapanuli Utara.png |peta = Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara.svg |hari jadi = {{tanggal lahir dan umur|1945|10|5}} |dasar hukum = UU No. 22 Tahun 2024<ref name="UU">{{cite web | date = 2024-07-02 | url = https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/177253/Salinan_UU_Nomor_22_Tahun_2024.pdf | title = Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2024 tentang Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara di Provinsi Sumatera Utara | publisher = Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia | access-date = 2024-07-15 | archive-date = 2024-07-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240715083542/https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/177253/Salinan_UU_Nomor_22_Tahun_2024.pdf }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715083542/https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/177253/Salinan_UU_Nomor_22_Tahun_2024.pdf |date=2024-07-15 }}</ref> |tanggal = [[24 November]] [[1956]]<ref name="UU"/> |koordinat = |kecamatan = 15 |kelurahan = 11 |desa = 241 |kepala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nama kepala daerah = Dimposma Sihombing ([[Penjabat|Pj.]]) |wakil kepala daerah = Wakil Bupati |nama wakil kepala daerah = ''Lowong'' |sekretaris daerah = Indra Sahat Simaremare |ketua DPRD = [[Arifin Rudi Nababan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inimedan.com/arifin-rudi-nababan-dilantik-jadi-ketua-dprd-taput/|title=Arifin Rudi Nababan Dilantik Jadi Ketua DPRD Taput|website=www.inimedan.com|date=(2022)|accessdate=27 November 2022}}</ref> |luas = 3793,71 |luasref = <ref>[http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/1205.pdf Luas wilayah Menurut Hasil Pemetaan SP2010]</ref> |penduduk = 329252 |penduduktahun = 30 Juni 2024 |pendudukref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2024|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=26 Juli 2024|format=Visual|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|archivedate=2022-07-05}}</ref> |kepadatan = auto |agama = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |{{Tree list}} * 95,05% [[Kekristenan]] ** 90,28% [[Protestan]] ** 4,77% [[Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |4,90% [[Islam]] |0,04% [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] |0,01% [[Ugamo Malim|Parmalim]]<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/>}} |bahasa = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi), [[Bahasa Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] (dominan), [[Bahasa Batak Angkola|Batak Angkola]] |IPM = {{increase}} 76,86 ([[2023]])<br>{{fontcolor|#00726a|tinggi}}<ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://sumut.bps.go.id/indicator/26/750/1/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020) 2021-2023|website=www.sumut.bps.go.id|accessdate=29 Desember 2023}}</ref> |dau = Rp 683.984.244.000,- ([[2020]]) |dauref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf |title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=16 Februari 2021}}</ref> |flora = [[Andaliman]] |fauna = [[Ikan mas]] |kodepos = 224xx |kodearea = 0633 |nomor_polisi = BB |web = {{URL|http://www.taputkab.go.id/}} }} '''Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér''' ([[Surat Batak|Surat Batak Toba]]: {{btk|ᯖᯇᯉᯮᯞᯪ ᯥᯖᯒ}}) nyaéta hiji [[Kabupatén]] di [[propinsi]] [[Sumatera Kalér]], [[Indonésia]] anu puseur dayeuh na aya di kacamatan [[Tarutung]]. Jumlah pangeusi ieu Kabupatén dina pertengahan taun [[2024]] lobana 329.252 jiwa, kalawan kapadetan pangeusi 84 jiwa/km² kalayan Kabupatén ieu mangrupakeun wewengkon anu mayoritas pangeusina étnis [[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]].<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/><ref name="TAPUT">{{cite web|url=https://tapanuliutarakab.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/d6ef4cd53a15b9c69486c67a/kabupaten-tapanuli-utara-dalam-angka-2023.html||title=Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Dalam Angka 2023|website=www.tapanuliutarakab.bps.id|accessdate=16 Maret 2023|format=pdf|pages=53, 140}}</ref> Saméméh dimekarkeun, [[Kabupatén Dairi]], [[Kabupatén Toba]] (saméméhna disebut Kabupatén Toba Samosir), sarta [[Kabupatén Humbang Hasundutan]] tayalian bagéan ti Tapanuli Kalér.<ref name="UU"/> == Sajarah == === Mangsa Pamaréntahaan Hindia Walanda === Nalika mangsa [[Hindia Walanda]], Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér ka asup bagéan ti [[Kabupatén Dairi]] jeung [[Toba Samosir]] anu kiwari asup ka jero karésidénan [[Tapanuli]] anu dipingpin ku saurang Résidén bangsa [[Walanda]] anu perenahna di [[Sibolga]]. [[Karésidénan Tapanuli]] anu baheulana disebut ''Résidéntie'' Tapanuli diwangun ku 4 ''Afdeling'' (Kabupatén) tayalian ''Afdeling'' [[Batak]] ''Landen'', ''Afdeling'' Padang Sidempuan, ''Afdeling'' Sibolga jeung ''Afdeling'' [[Nias]]. ''Afdeling'' Batak Landen dipingpin ku saurang Asistén Résidén anu puseur dayeuhna di Tarutung anu mibanda 5 Onder ''Afdeling'' (Wilayah) yaitu:<ref name="SEJARAH">{{cite web|url=https://smartnewstapanuli.com/2018/04/21/sejarah-tapanuli-utara/|last=|first=|title=Sejarah Tapanuli Utara|website=www.smartnewstapanuli.com|accessdate=10 Februari 2020}}</ref> * ''Onder Afdeling'' Silindung (Wilayah [[Silindung]]) puseurna di [[Tarutung]]. * ''Onder Afdeling'' Hoovlakte Van Toba (Wilayah Humbang) puseurna di [[Siborongborong]]. * ''Onder Afdeling'' Toba (Wilayah Toba) puseurna di [[Balige]]. * ''Onder Afdeling'' Samosir (Wilayah [[Samosir]]) puseurna di [[Pangururan]]. * ''Onder Afdeling'' Dairi Landen (Kabupatén Dairi kiwari) puseurna di [[Sidikalang]]. Unggal ''Onder Afdeling'' mibanda hiji ''Distrik'' (Kawedanan) dipimpin ku saurang ''Distrikchoolfd'' bangsa [[Indonésia]] anu disebut Demang sarta ngaréksa sababaraha ''Onder Distrikten'' (Kacamatan) anu dipimpin ku saurang Asistén Demang. Sateuacan Perang Dunia II, ''distrik-distrik'' di sakabéh karésidenan Tapanuli dileungitkeun jeung sababaraha Demang anu saméméhna mupuhuan distrik-distrik ditugaskeun ka kantor ''Controleur'' masing-masing sarta disebut ngarana salaku Demang ''Terbeschingking''. Ku kituna sakumna Asistén Demang anu aya di kantor Demang éta ditetepkeun ngajadi Asistén Demang di ''Onder'' Distrikna. Kadieunakeun unggal Onder Distrik ngaréksa sababaraha negeri anu dipimpin ku saurang kapala Negeri anu disebut ''Negeri Hoofd''.<ref name="SEJARAH"/> Dina waktos salajengna basa éta dirobah sarta pamilihan dilaksanakeun, tapi tetep nengetan asal-usulna. Nagara-nagara ieu diwangun ku sababaraha désa, anu dipingpin ku kapala désa anu disebut Kampung ''Hoafd'' sarta diangkat ogé sarua jeung diangkatna Negeri Hoofd..<ref name="SEJARAH"/> Negeri jeung Kampung Hoofd statusna lain pagawé negeri, tapi pajabat-pajabat anu ngadeg sorangan di negeri atawa kampungna. Maranéhna teu narima gaji ti pamaréntah tapi buruhna dicokot tina pajeg. Nalika dicepeng ku tentara Jepang Taun [[1942]]-[[1945]] struktur pamaréntahan di Tapanuli Kalér ampir teu aya parobahan, ngan ngarana anu robah, saperti :<ref name="SEJARAH"/> * Asistént Résidént diganti ngarana ''Gunseibu'' sarta ngaréksa sakabéh tanah batak jeung disebut Tanah Batak Sityotyo. * Demang-demang ''Terbeschiking'' robah jadi Guntyome anu mingpin masing-masing wilayah anu disebut ''Gunyakusyo''. * Asistén Demang tetep aya di posna séwangan - séwangan kalayan ngarana Huku Guntyo jeung kacamatanna diganti ngarana ku Huku Gunyakusyo. * Negeri jeung Kampung ''Hoofd'' tetep mingpin Negeri/Kampungna masing-masing kalayan dirobah ngarana ngajadi Kapala Negeri jeung Kapala kampung.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/MarganSibarani di Situs Resmi Pemkab Taput]</ref> === Mangsa Pamaréntahan Républik Indonésia === [[File:Muara, Lake Toba, Tapanuli Utara, North Sumatra, Indonesia.jpg|jmpl|ki|220px|Wewengkon [[Muara, Tapanuli Utara|Muara]], hiji-hijina kacamatan di Tapanuli Kalér anu nyambung langsung ka [[Dano Toba]], sabada pamekaran sababaraha Kabupatén anyat.]] Sanggeus kamerdékaan [[Républik]] [[Indonésia]] diproklamasikeun dina [[17 Agustus]] [[1945]], pamaréntahan mimiti ngawangun struktur pamaréntahan boh di puseur boh di daérah. Kalayan diangkatna Dr. [[Ferdinand Lumban Tobing]] salaku Warga Tapanuli, susunan pamaréntahan [[doméstik]] di Tapanuli hususna di Tapanuli Kalér disusun saperti kieu: * Ngaran ''Afdeling'' Batak ''Landen'' diganti jadi Luhak Tanah Batak sarta Cornelis Sihombing diangkat jadi luhak munggaran. * Ngaran ''Budrafdeling'' diganti jadi Urung dipingpin ku Kapala Urung, Para Demang dipingpin ''Onder Afdeling'' jadi Kapala Urung. * Kacamatan ''Onder'' diganti jadi Urung Kecil jeung dipingpin ku Camat Urung Kecil nu biasa disebut ''Asistén'' Demang. Saterasna, dina waktu sakeudeung aya parobahan, ngaran Luhak diganti jadi [[kacamatan]] anu dipingpin ku [[Bupati]], Urung jadi Daérah anu dipingpin ku Demang, jeung Urung Kecil jadi Kacamatan anu dipingpin ku Asistén Demang. Dina [[1946]] Kabupatén Tanah Batak diwangun ku 5 (lima) wewengkon, nyaéta Wewengkon ''Silindung'', Wewengkon ''Humbang'', Wewengkon ''Toba'', Wewengkon ''Samosir'' jeung Wewengkon ''Dairi'', nu masing-masing dipingpin ku saurang Demang. Kacamatan tetep nalika Jepang ninggalkeun aranjeunna.<ref name="Sejarah di Situs Resmi Pemkab Taput">{{cite web|url=http://www.taputkab.go.id/page.php?wtmd_id=21|title=Sejarah di Situs Resmi Pemkab Taput|accessdate=5 Februari 2018|archive-date=2013-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808001926/http://taputkab.go.id/page.php?wtmd_id=21|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808001926/http://taputkab.go.id/page.php?wtmd_id=21 |date=2013-08-08 }}</ref> Dina [[taun]] [[1947]] agrési munggaran Walanda lumangsung dimana [[Walanda]] mimiti nempatan wewengkon [[Sumatra Wétan,]] ku kituna dumasar kana tinimbangan strategis sarta pikeun nguatkeun pamaréntah sarta pertahanan, Kabupatén Tanah Batak dibagi jadi 4 (opat) kacamatan. Wewengkon jadi [[kacamatan]] jeung nambahan jumlah kacamatan. Dina [[1948]] lumangsung Agrési Kadua ku [[Walanda]], pikeun ngagampangkeun hubungan [[sipil]] jeung Tentara Républik, aparat Pamaréntahan ''Sipil dimiliterisasi'' ku kalungguhan Bupati Militer, Wedana Militer jeung Camat Militer. Pikeun ngagancangkeun hubungan jeung rahayat, kewedana dileungitkeun sarta camat langsung sacara ''administratif'' ka [[Bupati]].<ref name="Sejarah di Situs Resmi Pemkab Taput"/> Sanggeus Walanda ninggalkeun Indonésia dumasar ratifikasi kadaulatan, dina awal [[1950]] di Tapanuli kabupatén anyar dibentuk, nyaéta Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér (baheulana Kabupatén Batak), Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul (baheulana Kabupatén Padang Sidempuan), Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah. (baheulana Kabupatén Sibolga) jeung Kabupatén Nias. Ku ayana kabupatén ieu, kabupatén-kabupatén nu diwangun dina taun 1947 dibubarkeun. Salian ti éta, di unggal kacamatan diwangun hiji badan législatif Déwan Perwakilan Rakyat Samentara anu anggotana anggota parpol lokal.<ref name="Sejarah di Situs Resmi Pamaréntah Kabupatén Taput"/> Mertimbangkeun legana wewengkon Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér ngawengku Dairi harita, pikeun ngaronjatkeun éféktivitas pamaréntahan, dina [[1956]] kabentuk Kabupatén Dairi anu misah ti Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér. Salah sahiji usaha pikeun ngagancangkeun laju pangwangunan utamana kamekaran ékonomi daérah, pamarataan hasil pangwangunan jeung stabilitas kaamanan nyaéta ku ékspansi daérah. Taun 1998 Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér dibagi jadi dua Kabupatén, nya éta Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér jeung Kabupatén Toba Samosir luyu jeung Undang-Undang Nomer 12 Taun 1998 ngeunaan Pembentukan Kabupatén Toba Samosir jeung Kabupatén Mandailing Natal.<ref name="Sejarah di Situs Resmi. Pamaréntah Kabupatén Taput"/> Saterusna dina taun [[2003]] Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér dibagi deui jadi dua kacamatan, nya éta Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér jeung Kabupatén Humbang Hasundutan luyu jeung UU No. 9 Taun 2003 ngeunaan ngadegna [[Kabupatén Nias Kidul|Kabupatén]] Nias Kidul, [[Kabupatén Pakpak Bharat]] Pakpak Bharat, jeung [[Humbang Hasundutan|Humbang]] [[Humbang Hasundutan|Hasundutan]] Kabupatén.<ref name="Sajarah dina Situs Resmi Pamaréntah Kabupatén Taput"/> Sanggeus Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér misah jeung Kabupatén Humbang Hasundutan, jumlah kacamatan di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér jadi 15 kacamatan. Kacamatan anu masih kénéh aya di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér nyaéta [[Kacamatan Parmonangan]], [[Kacamatan Adiankoting]], [[Kacamatan Sipoholon]], [[Kacamatan Tarutung]], [[Kacamatan Siatas Barita]], [[Kacamatan Pahae Jae ]], [[Kacamatan Purbatua]], [[Kacamatan Simangumban]], [[Kacamatan Pahae Julu]], [[Kacamatan Pangaribuan]], [[Kacamatan Garoga]], [[Kacamatan Sipahutar]], [ [Kacamatan Siborongborong ]], [[Kacamatan Pagaran]], [[Kacamatan Muara]].<ref name="Sajarah dina Situs Resmi Pamaréntah Kabupatén Taput"/> Sababaraha cai [[Danau Toba]] dipaké pikeun irigasi, pangwangunan perikanan jeung pembangkit listrik. Kaéndahan alam kalayan panorama, hususna Pulo Sibandang di [[Danau Toba|Danau]] wewengkon Toba Kacamatan Muara, sarta wisata spiritual [[Salib Cinta]]. Kabeungharan seni budaya asli mangrupa poténsi daérah dina usaha mekarkeun pariwisata nasional. Poténsi séjénna ngawengku rupa-rupa mineral, saperti kaolin, apu, walirang, beusi, mika, batubara, [[panas bumi|termal]] bumi, jeung sajabana.<ref name="Sejarah di Situs Resmi Pemkab Taput" /> == Pamaréntahan == === Bupati dan Wakil === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Utara}} [[File:Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara, Sumatera Utara 01.jpg|jmpl|center|220px|Kantor Bupati Tapanuli kalér di [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]]]] Bupati Tapanuli Utara mangrupa pamingpin pangluhurna dina pamaréntahan Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér. Bupati Tapanuli Utara tanggung jawab ka [[Gubernur]] propinsi [[Sumut]]. Ayeuna, [[bupati]] atawa kapala daérah anu aya di Tapanuli Kalér nyaéta [[Nikson Nababan]], jeung wakil bupati [[Sarlandy Hutabarat]]. Aranjeunna meunang [[Pilkada Bupati Tapanuli Utara 2018]]. Nikson nyaéta bupati Tapanuli Kalér ka-21 sanggeus kamerdikaan, diresmikeun tanggal 23 April 2019 di [[Kota Medan]], sarta ieu mangrupa periode kadua Nikson jadi bupati.<ref name="REGENCY">{{cite web|url= https: //mediaindonesia.com/nusantara/231336/gubernur-lantik-bupati-dan-bangun-bupati-tapanuli-utara|title=Gubernur Lantik Bupati jeung Wakil Bupati Tapanuli Utara|tanggal=23 April 2019|website=www.mediaindonesia . com|accessdate=15 Januari 2022}}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" !style="background: lavender;"|No !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Bupati !style="background: lavender;"|Mimiti ngajabat !style="background: lavender;"|Eureun ngajabat !style="background: lavender;"|Prd. !style="background: lavender;"colspan=2|Wakil Bupati |- |21 |[[file:Nikson Nababan.jpg|100px]] |[[Nikson Nababan]] |24 April 2019 |''petahana'' |22<br><small>([[Pemilihan umum Bupati Tapanuli Utara 2018|2018]]) |[[file :Sharlandy Hutabarat 2019.png|100px]] |Sarlandy Hutabarat |} === Déwan Perwakilan Rakyat=== {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara}} === Kacamatan === {{utama|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara}} [[File:(Peta Wilayah) Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara.svg|jmpl|250px|center| Wewengkon Kacamatan di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér]] Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér ngawengku 15 kacamatan, 11 kacamatan jeung 241 désa. Dumasar data ti [[Badan Pusat Statistik]] Kabupatén Tapanuli Utara taun 2019, kacatet yén kacamatan panglobana aya di [[Garoga, Tapanuli Utara|Kacamatan Garoga]] nya éta 510,64km² jeung populasi panglobana aya di [[Siborongborong, Tapanuli Utara|. Sedengkeun Kacamatan anu panglobana Kacamatan aya di Ibukota Kabupatén [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]] nyaéta 7 Kacamatan tina total 11 Kacamatan anu aya.<ref name= "TAPUT"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ Pembagian Wilayah Kecamatan di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara 2023 |- ! No ! Kecamatan ! Ibukota ! Luas ! Jarak ke<br> Ibukota ! Penduduk ! Desa ! Kelurahan ! IPM |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 1 | style="text-align:left" | [[Adian Koting, Tapanuli Utara|Adiankoting]] | [[Adian Koting, Adian Koting, Tapanuli Utara|Adiankoting]] | 473,22 | 26 | 15.266 | 16 |– | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 2 | style="text-align:left" | [[Garoga, Tapanuli Utara|Garoga]] | [[Garoga Sibargot, Garoga, Tapanuli Utara|Garoga Sibargot]] | 510,64 | 68 | 19.025 | 13 |– | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 3 | style="text-align:left" | [[Muara, Tapanuli Utara|Muara]] | [[Huta Nagodang, Muara, Tapanuli Utara|Huta Nagodang]] | 73,97 | 43 | 15.437 | 15 |– | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 4 | style="text-align:left" | [[Pagaran, Tapanuli Utara|Pagaran]] | [[Sipultak, Pagaran, Tapanuli Utara|Sipultak]] | 112,57 | 26 | 19.737 | 14 |– | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 5 | style="text-align:left" | [[Pahae Jae, Tapanuli Utara|Pahae Jae]] | [[Pasar Sarulla, Pahae Jae, Tapanuli Utara|Pasar Sarulla]] | 207,30 | 42 | 12.162 | 12 | 1 | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 6 | style="text-align:left" | [[Pahae Julu, Tapanuli Utara|Pahae Julu]] | [[Onan Hasang, Pahae Julu, Tapanuli Utara|Onan Hasang]] | 164,67 | 22 | 13.979 | 18 | 1 | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 7 | style="text-align:left" | [[Pangaribuan, Tapanuli Utara|Pangaribuan]] | [[Pakpahan, Pangaribuan, Tapanuli Utara|Pakpahan]] | 462,39 | 48 | 31.046 | 26 |– | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 8 | style="text-align:left" | [[Parmonangan, Tapanuli Utara|Parmonangan]] | [[Manalu, Parmonangan, Tapanuli Utara|Manalu]] | 328,00 | 58 | 15.198 | 14 |– | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 9 | style="text-align:left" | [[Purba Tua, Tapanuli Utara|Purba Tua]] | [[Parsaoran Janji Angkola, Purba Tua, Tapanuli Utara|Parsaoran Janji Angkola]] | 198,93 | 52 | 8.464 | 11 |– | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 10 | style="text-align:left" | [[Siatas Barita, Tapanuli Utara|Siatas Barita]] | [[Simorangkir Julu, Siatas Barita, Tapanuli Utara|Simorangkir Julu]] | 94,20 | 4 | 15.311 | 12 |– | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 11 | style="text-align:left" | [[Siborongborong, Tapanuli Utara|Siborongborong]] | [[Pasar Siborongborong, Siborongborong, Tapanuli Utara|Pasar Siborongborong]] | 246,81 | 26 | 53.126 | 20 | 1 | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 12 | style="text-align:left" | [[Simangumban, Tapanuli Utara|Simangumban]] | [[Simangumban Julu, Simangumban, Tapanuli Utara|Simangumban Julu]] | 201.14 | 50 | 8.498 | 8 |– | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 13 | style="text-align:left" | [[Sipahutar, Tapanuli Utara|Sipahutar]] | [[Sipahutar I, Sipahutar, Tapanuli Utara|Sipahutar]] | 373,49 | 22 | 29.420 | 25 |– | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 14 | style="text-align:left" | [[Sipoholon, Tapanuli Utara|Sipoholon]] | [[Hutauruk, Sipoholon, Tapanuli Utara|Hutauruk]] | 175,82 | 6 | 25.335 | 13 | 1 | |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 15 | style="text-align:left" | [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]] | Tarutung | 110,64 |– | 44.193 | 24 | 7 | |- style="background:#9cef75;" | | style="text-align:left" | Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara | [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]] | 3.895,60 |– | 326.197 | 241 | 11 | 0,729 |} == Démografi == === Suku bangsa === [[File:Rumah Bolon (Batak Traditional House).jpg|jmpl|ka|250px|[[Ruma Bolon]], imah adat [[Suku Batak Toba]].]] Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér mangrupa imah [[Batak Toba]]. [[Kabupatén Humbang Hasundutan]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zuska, F., dkk.|date=2012|url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/21219/1/2012-Buku-Aspek%20kultural%20Pemekaran%20daerah%20Sumut.pdf|title=Aspek Kultural Pemekaran Daerah di Sumatera Utara|location=Banda Aceh|publisher=Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Banda Aceh|isbn=978-602-9457-02-5|url-status=live}}</ref> Henteu aya data resmi ngeunaan jumlah etnis di Tapanuli Utara, tapi sacara umum didominasi ku suku Batak Toba. Salian ti éta, aya sajumlah leutik suku anu pangdeukeutna jeung Batak Toba, nyaéta [[Angkola Batak]], [[Batak Simalungun]], [[Batak Karo]], [[Suku Mandailing|Mandailing]] jeung [[Pakpak Batak]] . Aya ogé sajumlah leutik urang [[Jawa]], [[Minangkabau]] jeung [[Cina]], anu lolobana kapanggih di [[Tarutung]] jeung [[Siborongborong, Tapanuli Kalér|Siborongborong]], umumna jadi padagang, atawa palaku usaha pangan. === Agama === [[File:GKPA Huta Dolok, Res. Silantom.jpg|jmpl|ka|250px|[[Gereja Kristen Protestan Angkola|GKPA]] Huta Dolok, Silantom Jae, Pangaribuan]] [[File:HKBP Sipahutar, Res. Sipahutar 07.jpg|jmpl|ki|250px|[[HKBP|HKBP Sipahutar]].]] Mayoritas penduduk Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara beragama Kristen, sebagian beragama Islam dan sebagian kecil beragama Budha. Suku pribumi di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér, nyaéta [[Batak Toba]], umumna nganut agama [[Kristen Protestan]] sarta aya anu nganut [[Katolik]], [[Islam]] jeung kapercayaan asli Suku Batak, nyaéta [[Parmalim]]. Dumasar data [[Kamentrian Dalam Negeri]] dina [[2024]] kacatet 95,05% penduduk Tapanuli Utara ngagem agama [[Kristen]], anu 90,28% [[Protestan]] jeung 4,77% [[Katolik]]. Saterusna bagian agama [[Islam]] séjénna, nya éta 4,90%, loba nu cicing di kacamatan [[Simangumban, Tapanuli Kalér|Simangumban]], wewengkon watesna [[Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul]], loba saha [[Batak Angkola]] atawa Mandailing, kitu deui di [[Pahae Jae, Tapanuli Kalér|Pahae Jae]] jeung Tarutung. Sabagian leutik nganut agama [[Buddha]], nyaéta 0,04% tina etnis [[Cina-Indonesia|Cina]], umumna di Tarutung jeung Siborongborong sarta saloba 0,01% masih nganut kapercayaan Batak heubeul. [[Parmalim] ].<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> Salah sahiji puseur garéja [[Kristen Protestan]] panggedéna di [[Indonesia]] nyaéta [[Huria Kristen Batak Protestan]] atawa HKBP, ayana di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér, tepatna di ibukota kacamatan, [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung. ] ]. HKBP ngabogaan jumlah jamaah anu cukup loba sarta sumebar ka sakuliah sababaraha propinsi di Indonesia malah di sababaraha nagara deungeun saperti [[Singapura]], [[Malaysia]], jeung [[Amerika Serikat]]. HKBP sorangan mangrupa organisasi katilu panggedéna di Indonésia sanggeus Nahdatul Ulama jeung Muhammadiyah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://batakgaul.com/batak-kali/hkbp-organisasi-keagamaan-terbesar-ketiga-di-indonesia-289-1.html|last=|first=|title=HKBP Organisasi Keagamaan Terbesar Ketiga di Indonesia|website=www.batakgaul.com|accessdate=10 Januari 2020|archive-date=2016-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211644/http://batakgaul.com/batak-kali/hkbp-organisasi-keagamaan-terbesar-ketiga-di-indonesia-289-1.html|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211644/http://batakgaul.com/batak-kali/hkbp-organisasi-keagamaan-terbesar-ketiga-di-indonesia-289-1.html |date=2016-11-17 }}</ref> Sarana ibadah anu aya di Tapanuli Utara, dumasar kana data ti [[Badan Pusat Statistik]] Tapanuli Utara taun [[2021]]:<ref name="TAPUT"/> {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" |- ![[Kecamatan]] !! [[Gereja|Gereja Protestan]] !! [[Gereja|Gereja Katolik]] !! [[Masjid]] !! [[Langgar]] !! [[Kuil]] !! [[Wihara]] |- | [[Adian Koting, Tapanuli Utara|Adian Koting]] || 40 || 9 || 2 || || || |- | [[Garoga, Tapanuli Utara|Garoga]] || 87 || 6 || 7 || || || |- | [[Muara, Tapanuli Utara|Muara]] || 55 || 6 || || || || |- | [[Pagaran, Tapanuli Utara|Pagaran]] || 44 || 5 || || || || |- | [[Pahae Jae, Tapanuli Utara|Pahae Jae]] || 21 || 1 || 6 || 7 || || |- | [[Pahae Julu, Tapanuli Utara|Pahae Julu]] || 10 || 2 || 6 || || || |- | [[Pangaribuan, Tapanuli Utara|Pangaribuan]] || 110 || 8 || 11 || || || |- | [[Parmonangan, Tapanuli Utara|Parmonangan]] || 76 || 13 || || || || |- | [[Purba Tua, Tapanuli Utara|Purba Tua]] || 28 || 1 || 5 || 4 || || |- | [[Siatas Barita, Tapanuli Utara|Siatas Barita]] || 22 || 2 || 4 || || || |- | [[Siborongborong, Tapanuli Utara|Siborongborong]] || 155 || 12 || 1 || 1 || || |- | [[Simangumban, Tapanuli Utara|Simangumban]] || 18 || || 14 || 8 || || |- | [[Sipahutar, Tapanuli Utara|Sipahutar]] || 114 || 7 || 1 || || || |- | [[Sipoholon, Tapanuli Utara|Sipoholon]] || 49 || 6 || || || || |- | [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]] || 86 || 1 || 6 || 2 || || |- |Jumlah || 915 || 79 || 63 || 22 || || |} === Bahasa === {{utama|Surat Batak}} [[File:Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara, Sumatera Utara 09.jpg|jmpl|ki|200px|Tulisan [[Basa Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] di Kantor Bupati Tapanuli Utara]] Suku Batak Toba, nu mangrupa suku asli jeung dominan di Tapanuli Kalér, mangaruhan kana basa komunikasi nu digunakeun dina kahirupan [[sosial]]. [[Basa Batak Toba]] nyaéta basa utama anu digunakeun ku warga Tapanuli Kalér, sajaba ti [[Basa Indonésia]] anu mangrupa basa resmi [[Indonésia]]. Samentara éta, di sababaraha wewengkon wates [[Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul]], basa Batak Toba jeung [[Basa Batak Angkola]] mindeng campur gaul. Ieu bisa kapanggih di [[Pangaribuan, Tapanuli Kalér|Kacamatan Pangaribuan]], wewengkon ''Pahae'', jeung [[Garoga, Tapanuli Kalér|Kacamatan Garoga]]. Sanaos gaduh sababaraha kosakata anu béda-béda, dina dasarna urang Batak Toba sareng Angkola tiasa ngartos basa masing-masing.<ref>{{cite web|first=Tumpal. H, dkk|last=Dongoran|date=Februari 1997|url=https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/files/upload/bbs_HZJMYSCT_1568256018.pdf|title=Fonologi Bahasa Angkola|pages=1-6|website=labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id|accessdate=23 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308205435/https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/files/upload/bbs_HZJMYSCT_1568256018.pdf|archivedate=8 March 2022}}</ref> Aksara dasar ('''''ina ni hurup''''') dina hurup Batak ngagambarkeun hiji suku kata jeung ''vokal'' inherent /a/. Aya 19 karakter dasar anu dipiboga ku sakabéh varian aksara Batak, sedengkeun sababaraha aksara dasar ngan dipaké dina ''varian'' nu tangtu. Bentukna tiasa ditingali sapertos kieu:<ref name="uni">{{cite journal|url=http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3320.pdf|first=Michael|last=Everson| last2 = Kozok | first2 = Uli|title=Proposal for encoding the Batak script in the UCS|journal=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2|issue=N3320R|date=07-10-2008|publisher=Unicode|accessdate=25 Oktober 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Ina ni Surat'' |-style="text-align:center;" ! ! a ! ha ! ka ! ba ! pa ! na ! wa ! ga ! ja ! da ! ra ! ma ! ta ! sa ! ya ! nga ! la ! nya ! i ! u |- style="length:20%;" ! style="width:20%; text-align:center;" |Batak Toba | align="center" |[[File:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[File:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[File:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]]<hr>[[File:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ja.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ja]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Da.svg|30px|link=|alt=Da]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]]<hr>[[File:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Nga.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nga]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak I.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak U.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] |} Wanda-wanda di luhur mangrupa wangun umum, teu jarang naskah ngagunakeun ragam wangun aksara atawa gambar garis anu rada béda lamun dibandingkeun jeung basa Batak séjénna, nurutkeun wewengkon asal jeung média anu digunakeunana.{{sfn|Kozok|2009}} Aksara i ({{btk|ᯤ}}) jeung u ({{btk|ᯥ}}) ngan dipaké pikeun suku kata muka, contona dina kecap jeung <!--''paingot'' {{btk|ᯇᯤᯝᯬᯖ᯲}}--> ''ina'' {{btk|ᯤᯉ}} dan ''ulu'' {{btk|ᯥᯞᯮ}}. Pikeun suku kata katutup anu dimimitian ku sora i atawa u dipaké hurup a ({{btk|ᯀ}} atawa {{btk|ᯁ}}) dibarengan ku diatik pikeun unggal vokal, contona dina kecap ''indung'' {{btk|ᯀᯪᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯰ}} jeung ''umpama'' {{btk|ᯀᯮᯔ᯲ᯇᯔ}}.{{sfn|Kozok|1999|pp=109}} == Ékonomi== === Pariwisata === [[File:Salib Kasih (Letter).jpg|jmpl|kiri|250px|Kawasan wisata Rohani, [[Salib Kasih]] di [[Siatas Barita, Tapanuli Utara|Siatas Barita]] kecamatan.]] [[File:Cagar Budaya dan Wisata Sumatera Utara 12.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Bukit Sembahyang di Huta Ginjang, [[Muara, Tapanuli Utara]] kecamatan.]] Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér miboga sababaraha tempat wisata. Salah sahiji nu kawentar nyaéta [[Cross of Love]] tur. Salaku wewengkon anu mayoritas Kristen, wewengkon ieu mindeng dijadikeun wisata spiritual, boh ti wisatawan régional jeung mancanagara. Présidén Indonésia [[Joko Widodo]] dina kunjunganana ka Salib Cinta tanggal 30 Juli 2019 ogé ngaapresiasi daérah ieu.<ref name="KUNJUNGAN">{{Cite news|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/07/29/10173851/kunjungan-kerja-jokowi-ke-taput-datangi-salib-kasih-hingga-pasar |title=Kunjungan Kerja Jokowi ke Taput, Datangi Salib Kasih hingga Pasar Siborongborong|work=[[Kompas.com]]|accessdate=5 Februari 2020|editor-last=Purba|editor-first=David Oliver}}</ref> Pamaréntah Puseur ilubiung dina pangwangunan kawasan wisata Lintas Kasih anu bisa dironjatkeun, sabagé usaha pikeun ngaronjatkeun pariwisata di wewengkon [[Danau Toba]] katut sabudeureunana.<ref name="KUNJUNGAN"/> Salib Kasih berada di [[Siatas Barita, Tapanuli Utara|kecamatan Siatas Barita]] tidak jauh dari ibukota kabupaten, [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]].<ref name="WISATA">{{cite web|url=https://www.pariwisatasumut.net/2014/11/7-tempat-wisata-di-tarutung-tapanuli.html|last=|first=|title=Tempat Wisata di Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|website=www.pariwisatasumut.net|accessdate=5 Februari 2020}}</ref> Salian ti Palang Asih, aya ogé tempat wisata séjén anu pas di sisi [[Danau Toba]], nyaéta [[Panatapan Huta Ginjang]], anu perenahna di Huta Ginjang, [[Muara, Tapanuli Utara|Muara] ] kacamatan. Ti ieu tempat, wisatawan bisa ningali kaéndahan jeung sabudeureun Danau Toba. Masih di Kacamatan Muara oge aya Tugu Toga Aritonang sareng Tugu Bukit Doa.<ref name="WISATA"/> Aya ogé tempat wisata cinyusu panas. Tempat pamandian Cai Sirara Soda, anu disangka ngan ukur aya dua tempat wisata saperti kieu, nyaéta di Tarutung, Tapanuli Kalér jeung hiji deui di [[Venezuela]].<ref name="WISATA"/> Obyek wisata séjénna anu jadi tempat wisata di Tapanuli Kalér nyaéta Sopo Partungkoan, nyaéta wangunan seni budaya Tapanuli Kalér.<ref name="WISATA"/> == Kaséhatan == === Rumah sakit === {{utama|Daftar rumah sakit di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara}} {{:Daftar rumah sakit di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara}} == Transportasi == [[File:Silangitairport.jpg|jmpl|ka|250px|[[Bandar Udara Internasional Silangit|Bandara Silangit]] di [[Siborongborong, Tapanuli Utara|Siborongborong]], Tapanuli Utara]] [[File :Welcome gate to Tapanuli Utara, Sumatera Utara (Taput-Tobasa).jpg|jmpl|ki|250px|Gapura wilujeng sumping di Kabupatén Tapanuli Utara]] Kabupaten Tapanuli Kalér mibanda [[Bandar Udara|bandara Internasional]] salaku sarana pintu asup ka tempat wisata di kawasan Dano Toba. [[Bandar Udara Internasional Silangit]] jadi alat transportasi penting pikeun ngaronjatkeun ékonomi di Tapanuli Kalér. Maskapai seperti [[Sriwijaya]] jeung [[Garuda Indonesia]] geus sayaga langsung ti [[Jakarta]]. Sedangkeun tujuan internasional, bandara Silangit ogé geus mibanda tujuan ka [[Singapura]]. Sagigireun kapal udara, transportasi darat ogé tiasa kapendak di Tapanuli Utara, rupa-rupa taksi, beus antarkota jeung provinsi ogé loba kapanggih di dieu, kalayan ongkos anu rupa-rupa.<ref name="TRANSPORT">{{Cite news|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2016/08/26/120600127/Perlu.Taksi.dari.Bandara.Silangit.ke.Danau.Toba.Ini.Daftar.Harganya.|title=Perlu Taksi dari Bandara Silangit ke Danau Toba? Ini Daftar Harganya...|work=[[Kompas.com]]|accessdate=5 Februari 2020|editor-last=F|editor-first=Ni Luh Made Pertiwi|first=Wahyu Adityo|last=Prodjo}}</ref> == Atikan == Saheunteuna aya 5 kampus Sakola Luhur atanapi Univérsitas di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér, tayalian [[IAKN Tarutung|Institut Agama Kristen Negeri, Tarutung]] (IAKN Tarutung), [[Universitas Sisingamangaraja XII Tapanuli Utara]] di [[Siborongborong, Tapanuli Utara|Siborongborong]], [[Sekolah Pendeta HKBP]], [[Akademi Keperawatan Tarutung Pemerintah Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]] sarta [[Akademi Kebidanan Pemerintah Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]]. IAKN Tarutung mibanda 5 program studi jenjang [[Diploma]] (D3) nepika Pasca Sarjana (S2), ngalimpudan Atikan Agama Kristen (PAK), Téologi, Musik Gereja, Pastoral Konseling jaung Atikan Profési Guru (PPG). Sedangkeun Universitas Sisingamangaraja XII Siborongborong, mibanda 8 program studi jenjang [[Sarjana]] (S1), yakni Program studi Agroteknologi, Ilmu Hukum, Manajemén, Atikan Bahasa sareng Sastra Indonésia, Atikan Bahasa Inggris, Atikan Matématika, Atikan Pancasila jeung Kawarganagaraan, Téknik Industri jeung Téknik Sipil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ayokuliah.id/universitas/universitas-sisingamangaraja-xii-tapanuli-utara/|last=|first=|title=Universitas Sisingamangaraja XII Tapanuli Utara|website=www.ayokuliah.id|6=|accessdate=5 Februari 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606071201/https://ayokuliah.id/universitas/universitas-sisingamangaraja-xii-tapanuli-utara/|archivedate=2023-06-06}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:70%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;" ! style="background: #E0FFFF; color: #000080" height="17" | [[Atikan formal]] ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | [[sekolah dasar|SD]] atawa [[madrasah ibtidaiyah|MI]] negeri jeung swasta ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | [[sekolah menengah pertama|SMP]] atawa [[madrasah tsanawiyah|MTs]] negeri jeung swasta ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | [[sekolah menengah atas|SMA]], [[madrasah aliyah|MA]], [[sekolah menengah kejuruan|SMK]] negeri jeung swasta ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | [[Paguron luhur]] |- Align="center" ! style="background: #E0FFFF; color: #000080" height="17" | Jumlah satuan | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 386 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 79 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 49 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 5 |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>Data sakol di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kaler T.A 2020-2021<br />'''Sumber:'''<ref>[http://sekolah.data.kemdikbud.go.id/], Profil, peta lokasi, dan perbandingan sekolah tingkat paud, dasar, menengah, dan pendidikan masyarakat di 514 Kab/Kota, www.sekolah.data.kemdikbud.go.id</ref> |} == Tempo ogé == * [[Gereja Suku Batak Toba]] * [[Daftar marga Suku Batak]] == Dicutat tina== {{reflist|2}} == Tutumbu ka luar== * [https://www.taputkab.go.id/utama/index Website resmi Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara] {{Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara}} {{sumut}} {{Mayoritas Kristen Indonesia}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tapanuli Utara, Kabupaten}} [[Kategori:Kota di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Babagian administratif di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Kacamatan di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér]] [[Kategori:Kacamatan di Sumatra Kalér]] jyqkxpu4ogmxl6yp2w2zupe82f1su3l Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul 0 105966 729090 681226 2026-09-26T12:09:55Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2 |settlement_type = Kabupaten |nami = Kabupaten Tapanuli Kidul |translit_lang1_type = [[Surat Batak|Surat Batak Angkola]] |translit_lang1_info = {{btk|ᯖᯇᯉᯮᯞᯪ ᯚᯩᯞᯖᯊ᯲}} |foto = {{multiple image|border= infobox|total_width= 300|image_style = border:1; |perrow = 2/2 |image1= Sampuran Waterfall (Damparan - Tapsel) Jul2013 01.JPG|200px |image2=Welcome gate to Pinagar, Arse, Tapanuli Selatan 02.jpg|200px |image3= |image4= }} |caption = '''Ti Kénca ka katuhu''': [[Curug sampuran]], Pinagar. |propinsi = [[Sumatera Kalér]] |motto = Sahata saoloan<br/>{{small|{{lang icon|Batak Angkola}} Seiya sekata}} |lambang = [[file:Logo-tapselk.png|200px]] |peta = [[file:Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan.svg|200px]] |kordinat = 1.6020992373237393, 99.27431402733853 |dasar hukum = UU No. 24 Tahun 2024<ref name="UU dasar hukum">{{cite web | date = 2024-07-02 | url = https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/177255/Salinan_UU_Nomor_24_Tahun_2024.pdf | title = Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2024 tentang Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara | publisher = Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia | access-date = 2024-07-15 | archive-date = 2024-07-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240715084340/https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/177255/Salinan_UU_Nomor_24_Tahun_2024.pdf }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715084340/https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/177255/Salinan_UU_Nomor_24_Tahun_2024.pdf |date=2024-07-15 }}</ref> |tanggal = [[24 November]] [[1956]]<ref name="UU dasar hukum"/> |kapala daerah = Bupati |nami kapala daerah = [[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu|Dolly Putra Pasaribu]] |wakil kapala daérah = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah1 = [[Rasyid Assaf Dongoran]] |sekretaris daerah = Parulian Nasution<ref>{{cite web|url=https://liputan4.com/sekda-tapsel-korpri-harus-berorientasi-program-bukan-berorientasi-politik-tapi-tak-buta-politik/l|title=Sekda Tapsel Korpri Harus Berorientasi Program|date=14 Januari 2022|website=liputan4.com|accessdate=15 Januari 2022|archive-date=2023-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226183207/https://liputan4.com/l/|dead-url=no}}</ref> |ketua DPRD = Husin Sogot Simatupang<ref name="BUPATI"/> |ibukota = [[Sipirok, Tapanuli Selatan|Sipirok]] |lega = 6030,47 |pangeusi = 317080 |penduduktahun = [[30 Juni]] [[2023]] |pendudukref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> |kapadetan = auto |ageman = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |78,99% [[Islam]] |{{Tree list}} * 21,00% [[Kekristenan]] ** 19,68% [[Protestan]] ** 1,32% [[Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |0,01% [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/><ref name="AGAMA">{{cite web|https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Wilayah+dan+Agama+yang+Dianut&tid=321&search-wilayah=Kabupaten+Tapanuli+Selatan&wid=1203000000&lang=id|last=|first=|title=Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan|website=www.sp2010.bps.go.id|accessdate=17 Februari 2020}}</ref>}} |bahasa = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Bahasa Batak Angkola|Batak Angkola]] (dominan), [[Bahasa Batak Mandailing|Batak Mandailing]], [[Bahasa Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] |IPM = {{increase}} 74,58 ([[2023]])<br>{{fontcolor|#00726a|tinggi}}<ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://sumut.bps.go.id/indicator/26/750/1/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020) 2021-2023|website=www.sumut.bps.go.id|accessdate=29 Desember 2023}}</ref> |kacamatan = 15 |kalurahan = 36 |desa = 212 |kodearea = 0634 |dau = Rp 679.281.327.000,- ([[2020]]) |dauref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf |title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=15 April 2021}}</ref> |nomor_polisi = BB ''xxxx'' G* |web = {{url|https://tapselkab.go.id//}} }} '''Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{btk|ᯗᯇᯉᯮᯞᯪ ᯚᯩᯞᯖᯊ᯲}}) nyaéta hiji [[Kabupatén]] anu aya di [[propinsi Sumatra Kalér]], [[Indonésia]]. Puseur kotana aya di kacamatan [[Sipirok]]. Kabupatén ieu asalna mangrupa kacamatan anu cukup badag sarta puseurna di Kota [[Padang Sidempuan]]. Daérah anu misah ti Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul nyaéta [[Kabupatén Mandiling Natal]], [[Kota Padang Sidempuan]], [[Kabupatén Padang Lawas Kalér]] jeung [[Kabupatén Padang Lawas]]. Sanggeus ékspansi (dimekarkeun) , puseurna pindah ka ka kacamatan [[Sipirok, Tapanuli Kidul|Sipirok]]. Populasi Tapanuli Kidul dina pertengahan taun 2023 aya 317.080 jiwa.<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2021|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=1 September 2023|format=Visual|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|archivedate=5 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="TAPSEL">{{cite web|url=https://tapanuliselatankab.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/11830108c671bb8526b139b8/kabupaten-tapanuli-selatan-dalam-angka-2023.html|title=Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Dalam Angka 2023|website=www.tapanuliselatankab.bps.go.id|accessdate=1 September 2023|pages=7, 55|format=pdf}}</ref> Di kacamatan ieu aya tempat wisata [[Situ]] Marsabut jeung [[Dano Siais]]. Basa anu digunakeun ku masarakatna nyaéta [[Basa Angkola Batak ]]. Agama mayoritas pendudukna nyaéta [[Islam]].<ref name="AGAMA"/> Semboyan daérah di kacamatan ieu nyaéta [[Sahata saoloan]] ([[Bahasa Batak Angkola|Basa Angkola]]) anu hartina "Seiya sekata". == Géografi == [[File:Welcome gate to South Tapanuli Regency - Gapura Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan (Tapsel-Tapteng) (01).jpg|220px|ki|jmpl| Gapura Wilujeng sumping di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul]] === Lokasi=== Di kalér, Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul wawatesna téh [[Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah]] jeung [[Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér]]. Di wétan, Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul wawatesna jeung [[Kabupatén Padang Lawas]], [[Kabupatén Padang Lawas Kalér]] jeung [[Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér]]. Di Kulon. Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul wawatesan jeung Kabupatén Mandailing Natal sarta Samudra Hindia. Samentara éta, di kiduleun Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul wawatesan jeung Kabupatén Mandailing Natal.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Oktaviani, F. S., dan Simanjuntak. M. K. B.|date=2023|url=https://tapanuliselatankab.bps.go.id/publication/2023/12/12/573cc7240a638997b702830f/statistik-daerah-kabupaten-tapanuli-selatan-2023.html|title=Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan 2023|publisher=BPS Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan|editor-last=Natalia|editor-first=Devita|pages=2|url-status=live}}</ref> Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul ogé nguriingan wilayah Kota Padangsidimpuan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nawastu|first=Ningthias|date=2023|url=https://padangsidimpuankota.bps.go.id/publication/2023/12/05/ca95bd4101be61b3e794f4e7/statistik-daerah-kota-padangsidimpuan-2023.html|title=Statistik Daerah Kota Padangsidimpuan 2023|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Padangsidimpuan|pages=1|issn=2476-8952|url-status=live}}</ref> Perenahna kota Padangsidimpuan aya di palebah tengah wilayah Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul. === Topografi === Sacara umum, kacamatan ieu diliwatan ku pagunungan Bukit Barisan, ku kituna sapanjangna pasti katempo tiasa ningali [[pasir]] dimana-mana. Kabupatén ieu masih kénéh boga wewengkon reservasi/cagar [[cai]] di wewengkon leuweung [[Batang Toru, Tapanuli Kidul|Batang Toru]] anu masih kénéh beunghar ku [[flora]] jeung [[fauna]] langka saperti [[uncal]], [[mencek]], [[kelenci]], [[maung]], [[ucing leuweung]]/[[méong congkok]], [[tapir]], [[leuweung]]. [[orkid]] jeung sajabana. Sareng ayeuna parantos diusulkeun janten daérah [[Leuweung Tutupan]]. Sabab rentan pisan kana perambahan leuweung anu ngancam kahirupan di wewengkon éta. Aya sababaraha pasir jeung gunung kawentar, diantarana [[Gunung Lubuk Raya]], [[Gunung Sibual-buali]] (masih aktif, sarta ngabogaan [[geysers]] nyaeta cai panas anu mancer tijero gunung sarta di kumoulkeun di dua tempat. Pamandian umum di Sipirok, pasir Simago-mago (tor). == Pamaréntahan == === Bupati jeung Wakil === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan}} Bupati Tapanuli Kidul nyaéta pamingpin pangluhurna di pamaréntahan Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul. Bupati Tapanuli Kidul tanggung jawabna ka [[Gubernur]] propinsi [[Sumut]]. Ayeuna, [[bupati]] atawa kapala daérah anu kantorna di Tapanuli Kidul nyaéta [[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu]], jeung wakil bupati [[Rasyid Assaf Dongoran]]. Aranjeunna meunang [[Pilkada Bupati Tapanuli Selatan 2020]]. Dolly Pasaribu nyaéta bupati ka-21 sanggeus kamerdikaan, diresmikeun tanggal 25 Pébruari 2021 di Kota Medan.<ref name="BUPATI">{{cite web|url=https://www.hariansib.com/detail/Berita-Terkini/Bupati-dan-Wakil-Bupati-Tapsel-dilantik-di-Medan--Jumat|title=Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Tapsel Dilantik di Medan|date=25 Februari 2021|website=www.hariansib.com|accessdate=15 Januari 2022|archive-date=2022-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115123254/https://www.hariansib.com/detail/Berita-Terkini/Bupati-dan-Wakil-Bupati-Tapsel-dilantik-di-Medan--Jumat|dead-url=no}}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" !style="background: lavender;"|No !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Bupati !style="background: lavender;"|Mimiti ngajabat !style="background: lavender;"|Eureun ngajabat !style="background: lavender;"|Prd. !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Wakil Bupati |- |21 |[[File:DOLLY PUTRA PARLINDUNGAN PASARIBU 2020.jpg|100px]] |[[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu]] |26 Februari 2021 |''petahana'' |<small>([[Pemilihan umum Bupati Tapanuli Selatan 2020|2020]]) |[[File:RASYID ASSAF DONGORAN 2020.jpg|100px]] |[[Rasyid Assaf Dongoran]] |} === Déwan Perwakilan Rakyat === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan}} === Kacamatan === {{utama|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan}} [[File:(Peta Wilayah) Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan.svg|jmpl|220px|Wewengkon Kacamatan di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul]] Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul diwangun ku 15 Kacamatan, kalawan Kacamatan anyar dimekarkeun dina taun 2017, nya éta Kacamatan [[Angkola Muara Tais, Tapanuli Kidul|Angkola Muara Tais]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/102760/perda-kab-tapanuli-selatan-no-1-tahun-2017/|title=Pembentukan Kecamatan Angkola Muara Tais|website=peraturan.bpk.go.id|accessdate=23 September 2021|format=pdf|archive-date=2019-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103100520/https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/102760/perda-kab-tapanuli-selatan-no-1-tahun-2017/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Adapun 15 kecamatan di kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan yaitu:<ref>{{Cite book|date=2022|url=https://tapanuliselatankab.bps.go.id/publication/2022/02/25/2c5870a2357a0eaaf1b6ff1b/kabupaten-tapanuli-selatan-dalam-angka-2022.html|title=Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Dalam Angka 2022|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Nias Selatan|pages=5|issn=0215-3548|url-status=live}}</ref> # [[Aek Bilah, Tapanuli Kidul|Aek Bilah]] # [[Angkola Kulon, Tapanuli Kidul|Angkola Kulon]] # [[Angkola Muara Tais, Tapanuli Kidul|Angkola Muara Tais]] # [[Angkola Sangkunur, Tapanuli Kidul|Angkola Sangkunur]] # [[Angkola Kidul, Tapanuli Kidul|Angkola Kidul]] # [[Angkola Wétan, Tapanuli Kidul|Angkola Wétan]] # [[Arse, Tapanuli Kidul|Arse]] # [[Batang Angkola, Tapanuli Kidul|Batang Angkola]] # [[Batang Toru, Tapanuli Kidul|Batang Toru]] # [[Marancar, Tapanuli Kidul|Marancar]] # [[Muara Batang Toru, Tapanuli Kidul|Muara Batang Toru]] # [[Liang Saipar Dolok, Tapanuli Kidul|Liang Saipar Dolok]] # [[Sayur Matinggi, Tapanuli Kidul|Sayur Matinggi]] # [[Sipirok, Tapanuli Kidul|Sipirok]] # [[Tano Tombangan Angkola, Tapanuli Kidul|Tano Tombangan Angkola]] == Démografi == === Suku === [[File:Bajuadatbatakangkolatapsel.jpg|thumb|200px|ka|Baju kawinan adat [[suku Batak Angkola]].]] [[File:Kel. Bunga Bondar, Sipirok, Tapanuli Selatan (01).jpg|jmpl|250px|ki|Kantor Lurah Bunga Bondar [[Sipirok, Tapanuli Kidul|Sipirok]] has [[Batak Angkola]], wangunan [[Bagas Godang]]].]] Nu asli nyicingan Tapanuli Kidul nyaéta Suku Angkola Batak sarta masih deukeut jeung Suku Batak Toba. Salian ti Suku Angkola Batak, aya ogé Suku séjénna, umumna Suku Batak Toba jeung Suku Batak Mandailing. Sanajan mindeng bingung, suku Angkola jeung Mandailing téh béda suku. Suku Angkola Batak sorangan nyaho kana konsép babarayaan/ patrilineal, ku kituna masarakat Angkola Batak nyaho kana marga. Marga-marga masarakat Batak Angkola di antarana Siregar, Harahap, Hasibuan, Rambe, Daulay, Tanjung, Ritonga, Pane, Lubis, Nasution, Hutasuhut, jeung sajabana. Urang Batak Angkola ogé ngalarang perkawinan antara marga.<ref name="SUKU1">{{cite web|url=https://www.dinamikakepri.com/2016/08/ketahui-inilah-6-macam-jenis-pakaian.html|title=Ketahui Inilah 6 Macam Jenis Pakaian Adat Suku Batak|website=/www.dinamikakepri.com|accessdate=23 September 2021|archive-date=2021-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023203116/https://www.dinamikakepri.com/2016/08/ketahui-inilah-6-macam-jenis-pakaian.html|dead-url=no}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023203116/https://www.dinamikakepri.com/2016/08/ketahui-inilah-6-macam-jenis-pakaian.html |date=2021-10-23 }}</ref> Imah adat masarakat Batak Angkola disebut [[Bagas Godang]], anu masih kénéh sarua jeung [[Rumah Bolon]] di Suku Batak Toba, tapi hartina duanana sacara harfiah sarua, nyaéta Imah Gedé. Bagas Godang wangunna imah panggung tur didominasi ku warna hideung, hateupna dijieun tina [[injuk]] sarta pindingna dijieun tina papan. Upami Imah Bolon seueur hiasan sirah [[kebo]], upami Bagas Godang mah henteu nganggo éta hiasan.<ref name="SUKU">{{cite web|url=https://www.pariwisatasumut.net/2016/02/10-rumah-adat-sumatera-utara.html|title=10 Rumah Adat Sumatera Utara|website=www.pariwisatasumut.net|accessdate=23 September 2021|archive-date=2021-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927101426/https://www.pariwisatasumut.net/2016/02/10-rumah-adat-sumatera-utara.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> === Bahasa === {{utama|Bahasa Batak Angkola|Surat Batak}} Basa anu digunakeun ku masarakat Tapanuli Kidul sajaba ti basa nasional resmi [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]] nyaéta [[Batak Angkola|Batak Angkola]]. Basa Angkola Batak dipaké dina kahirupan sapopoé ogé dina acara adat<ref>{{cite web|url=https://badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/lamanbahasa/content/marsitogol-bahasa-batak-angkola|title=Marsitogol Bahasa Batak Angkola|website=badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id|accessdate=23 September 2021|archive-date=2021-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201061138/https://badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/lamanbahasa/content/marsitogol-bahasa-batak-angkola|dead-url=no}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201061138/https://badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/lamanbahasa/content/marsitogol-bahasa-batak-angkola |date=2021-12-01 }}</ref> Basa Angkola rada lemes tibatan basa [[Batak Toba]]. Tapi, urang Batak Angkola leuwih gampang ngarti basa Batak Toba jeung Mandailing batan basa suku-suku Batak séjénna, nyaéta Simalungun, Karo jeung Pakpak.. Dina buku panalungtikan taun 1997 anu judulna “Fonologi Bahasa Angkola” anu disusun ku Tumpal H. Dongoran, sabatur-batur, disebutkeun yén carita turun-tumurun, urang Batak Angkola baheula asalna ti [[Toba]]. Daérah. Ku lantaran kitu, aya deui sasaruaan nu leuwih katara antara urang Batak Angkola, urang Batak Toba jeung Mandailing. Ieu sasaruaan ogé kaasup basa anu digunakeun dina kahirupan sapopoé.<ref>{{cite web|first=Tumpal. H, dkk|last=Dongoran|date=Februari 1997|url=https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/files/upload/bbs_HZJMYSCT_1568256018.pdf|title=Fonologi Bahasa Angkola|pages=1-6|website=labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id|accessdate=23 September 2021|archive-date=2022-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308205435/https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/files/upload/bbs_HZJMYSCT_1568256018.pdf|dead-url=no}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308205435/https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/files/upload/bbs_HZJMYSCT_1568256018.pdf |date=2022-03-08 }}</ref> Aksara dasar ('''''ina ni surat''''') dina surat Batak ngagambarkeun hiji suku kata kalawan vokal inheren /a/. Aya 19 karakter dasar anu dipiboga ku sadaya varian aksara Batak, sedengkeun sababaraha aksara dasar ngan dipaké dina varian nu tangtu, ku kituna [[Basa Angkola Batak]] nyaho 21 aksara dasar. Wangunna tiasa ditingali kieu:<ref name="uni">{{cite journal|url=http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3320.pdf|first=Michael|last=Everson| last2 = Kozok | first2 = Uli|title=Proposal for encoding the Batak script in the UCS|journal=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2|issue=N3320R|date=07-10-2008|publisher=Unicode|accessdate=25 Oktober 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Ina ni Surat'' |-style="text-align:center;" ! ! a ! ha ! ka ! ba ! pa ! na ! wa ! ga ! ja ! da ! ra ! ma ! ta ! sa ! ya ! nga ! la ! nya ! ca ! i ! u |- style="length:20%;" ! style="width:10%; text-align:center;" |Angkola | align="center" |[[File:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ha-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ka-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]]<hr>[[File:Batak Na-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ja.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ja]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Da.svg|30px|link=|alt=Da]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Sa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]]<hr>[[File:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Nga.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nga]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak Ca-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]]<hr>[[File:Batak Ca-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak I.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] | align="center" |[[File:Batak U.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] |} == Ageman == [[File:GKPA_Sipirok,_Res._Sipirok.jpg|jmpl|220px|ka|GKPA Sipirok, Garéja Khas Angkola Batak Suku ]] Populasi Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul dina [[2021]] dumasar kana data ti [[Mendagri]] pangeusi jeung catetan sipil, aya 314.887 jiwa, kalawan kapadetan 52 jiwa/km. Samentara éta, agama anu dipuhit nyaéta [[Islam]] sareng [[Kristen]]. Persentase Warga Tapanuli Kidul nganut agama nu sabenerna [[Islam]] 78,99%, terus [[Kristen]] 21,00%, dimana [[Protestan]] 19,68% jeung [[Katolik]] 1, 32%, jeung leutik tina section of religion [[Buddha]] nyaéta 0,01%.<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> Nu nganut ageman [[Islam]] sumebar jeung mayoritas suku [[AngkolaBatak]]. [[Batak Mandailing]] jeung sababaraha étnis minoritas [[Batak Toba]]anu ampir aya di sakumna kacamatan. Samentara [[Kristen]] jadi mayoritas ébatak [[Batak Toba]], étnis [[Nias]] jeung minoritas sawareh étnis [[Batak Angkola]]. Seuseueurna urang Kristen aya di kacamatan [[Tano Tombangan Angkola]], kacamatan [[Angkola Sangkunur]], sarta cukup signifikan di kacamatan [[Angkola Selatan]], jeung [[Batang Toru]].<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> == Pariwisata == Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul ngabogaan sababaraha tempat wisata, diantarana [[Situ]] Jieunan Cekdam di wewengkon [[Pargarutan]]), Situ Siasis, Situ Marsabut, Pamandian Aek Parsariran (di wewengkon [[Batang Toru, Tapanuli Kidul|Batang Toru). ]]), Mandi [[ Aek Sijorni]], bukit (tor) Simago-mago (Sipirok). Aya ogé Istana Adat di [[Muara Tais I, Batang Angkola, Tapanuli Selatan|Muara Tais]], wisata karajinan tenun kain ulos tradisional jeung panorama alam anu hawana tiis di wewengkon Sipirok. == Ékonomi == Sacara umum pakasaban masarakat di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul nyaéta patani jeung tukang [[kebon]]. Hasil tatanén anu kawéntar nyaéta [[kopi]], [[béas]], [[salak]], [[karét]], [[kakao]], [[kalapa]], [[kayu manis]], [[muncang]], [[cabé]], [[bawang beureum]], [[bawang daun]] jeung sayuran séjéna. == Pemekaran == Ti saprak 10 Agustus 2007, jumlah kacamatan di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul geus ngurangan alatan pamekaran kabupatén ieu, nya éta ngaliwatan dibentukna [[Kabupatén Padang Lawas]] jeung [[Kabupatén Padang Lawas Kalér]]. === Kabupaten Padang Lawas === [[Kacamatan]] anu asup ka wewengkon [[Kabupatén Padang Lawas]], tayalian; # [[Barumun, Padang Lawas|Barumun]] # [[Barumun Tengah, Padang Lawas|Barumun Tengah]] # [[Batang Lubu Sutam, Padang Lawas|Batang Lubu Sutam]] # [[Huristak, Padang Lawas|Huristak]] # [[Huta Raja Tinggi, Padang Lawas|Huta Raja Tinggi]] # [[Lubuk Barumun, Padang Lawas|Lubuk Barumun]] # [[Sosa, Padang Lawas|Sosa]] # [[Sosopan, Padang Lawas|Sosopan]] # [[Ulu Barumun, Padang Lawas|Ulu Barumun]] === Kabupatén Padang Lawas Kalér === Kacamatan anu kaasup wilayah [[Kabupatén Padang Lawas Kalée]] Tayalian; # [[Batang Onang, Padang Lawas Utara|Batang Onang]] # [[Dolok, Padang Lawas Utara|Dolok]] # [[Dolok Sigompulon, Padang Lawas Utara|Dolok Sigompulon]] # [[Halongonan, Padang Lawas Utara|Halongonan]] # [[Padang Bolak, Padang Lawas Utara|Padang Bolak]] # [[Padang Bolak Julu, Padang Lawas Utara|Padang Bolak Julu]] # [[Portibi, Padang Lawas Utara|Portibi]] # [[Simangambat, Padang Lawas Utara|Simangambat]] == Tempo Ogé == * [[Daftar marga Suku Batak]] == Dicutat tina== {{reflist|2}} == Tutumbu ka luar== * [https://tapselkab.go.id/ Portal resmi pemkab Tapanuli Selatan] {{Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan}} {{Sumatera Utara}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kota di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Babagian administratif di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Kacamatan di Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér]] [[Kategori:Kacamatan di Sumatra Kalér]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Sumatera Utara|Tapanuli Selatan]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Indonesia|Tapanuli Selatan]] 88ue9fbigpi3okua4dvu5k9pcji5j8e Kapuloan Andaman 0 105976 729145 711625 2026-09-26T12:54:00Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Archipelago in the Bay of Bengal}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} {{Verification|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox islands | name = Andaman Islands | native_name = <!-- or local name to remove the "native name:" prefix --> | sobriquet = <!-- or nickname --> | image_name = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | image_map = Andaman Islands.PNG | image_map_caption = Location in the Indian Ocean | location = [[Bay of Bengal]] | coordinates = {{Coord|12|30|N|92|45|E|region:IN_type:isle|display=inline,title}} | archipelago = [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] | total_islands = 572 | major_islands = [[North Andaman Island]], [[Little Andaman]], [[Middle Andaman Island]], [[South Andaman Island]] | area_km2 = 6,408 | area_footnotes = | rank = | length_km = <!-- or length m --> | length_footnotes = | width_km = <!-- or width m --> | width_footnotes = | coastline_km = <!-- or coastline m --> | coastline_footnotes = | elevation_m = 732 | elevation_footnotes = | highest_mount = [[Saddle Peak (Andaman Islands)|Saddle Peak]] | country = {{IND}} | country_admin_divisions_title = Union territory | country_admin_divisions = [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = | country_admin_divisions_1 = | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = | country_admin_divisions_2 = | country_capital = [[Port Blair]] | country_largest_city = | country_largest_city_population = | country_leader_title = | country_leader_name = | country1 = {{MMR}} | country1_admin_divisions_title = Administrative region | country1_admin_divisions = [[Yangon Region]] | country1_admin_divisions_title_1 = | country1_admin_divisions_1 = | country1_capital_type = | country1_capital = [[Yangon]] | demonym = | population = [http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_ani.html 343,125] | population_as_of = 2011 | density_km2 = 48 | density_footnotes = | ethnic_groups = [[Bamar people|Bamar]]<br /> [[Indian people|Mainland Indians]]<br />[[Jarawas (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]]<br />[[Onge]]<br />[[Sentinelese]]<br />[[Great Andamanese]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | timezone1_DST = {{nowrap|not observed}} | utc_offset1_DST = +5:30 | website = {{URL|http://www.andaman.nic.in}} | additional_info = }} [[File:Andaman nicobar 76.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|{{center|Peta lengkep<br />ti Kapuloan Andaman sareng Nicobar}}]] '''Kapuloan Andaman''' ({{IPAc-en|'|æ|n|d|@|m|@|n}}) nyaéta hiji [[kapuloan]], diwangun ku 200 pulo, di [[kalér-wétaneun]] [[Samudra Hindia]] perenahna aya kana 130&nbsp;km [[kidul-kulon]] ti basisir [[Myanmar]] Wewengkon [[Ayeyarwady]]. Bareng jeung [[Kapuloan Nikobar]] ka kidul maranéhna, Andaman jadi salaku hiji [[wates maritim]] antara [[Teluk Benggala]] ka kulon jeung [[Laut Andaman]] ka wétan. Kalolobaan pulo mangrupa bagian tina [[Kapuloan Andaman sareng Nikobar]], tayalian hiji [[Kumpulan Wewengkon]] ti [[India]], sedengkeun [[Kapuloan Coco]] jeung [[Pulo Preparis]] mangrupa bagian ti [[Wilayah Yangon]] [[Myanmar]]. Kapuloan Andaman mangrupa imah pikeun [[bangsa Andaman]], sakumpulan masarakat [[pribumi]] anu diwangun ku sababaraha étnis, kaasup ''[[Jarawa]]'' jeung ''[[Sentinelese]]''.<ref name="trained_news.au">{{cite news |title=Police face-off with Sentinelese tribe as they struggle to recover slain missionary's body |url=https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/police-faceoff-with-sentinelese-tribe-as-they-struggle-to-recover-slain-missionarys-body/news-story/a88d3780059939a5e11ebcfb556327ac |access-date=26 November 2018 |work=News.com.au |date=26 November 2018 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126034539/https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/police-faceoff-with-sentinelese-tribe-as-they-struggle-to-recover-slain-missionarys-body/news-story/a88d3780059939a5e11ebcfb556327ac |url-status=live }}</ref> Sawaréh ti sababaraha pulo bisa didatangan kalawan ménta heula idin saméméhna, kajaba [[Pulo Sentinel Kalér]] ieu teumeunang didatangan sarta dilarang ku hukum teumeunang sagawayah jalma luar asup ka éta pulo. Urang ''Sentinelese'' umumna ngamusuhan ka sémah kitu deui ka jalma didinya anu kungsi [[saeutik kontak]] jeung urang luar. Pamaréntah [[India]] sareng patugana ogé milu ngajaga basisirna pikeun ngamumulé hak privasina urang ''Sentinelese''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andaman.gov.in/web/guest/indigenous-tribes|title=Andaman & Nicobar|website=The Internet Archive|publisher=A&N Administration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611075752/http://www.and.nic.in/archives/andaman/tribes.php|archive-date=11 June 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=13 February 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218205553/http://www.and.nic.in/andaman/tribes.php |date=18 February 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Hor"/><ref name="Wil"/> ==Sajarah== [[File:Andamanese comparative distribution.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Babandingan sumebarna masarakat pribumi Andaman, sateuacan abad ka-18 sareng ayeuna]] ===Étimologi=== Dina abad ka-13, ngaran Andaman muncul dina Ahir [[Cina Tengah]] salaku ''ʔˠan<sup>H</sup> dɑ mˠan'' ({{lang|zh|晏陀蠻}}, diucapkeun ''yàntuómán'' dina ''[[Mandarin Chinese]]'' modern ) dina buku ''[[Zhu Fan Zhi]]'' ku [[Zhao Rukuo]].<ref name="ZhuFanZhi">{{cite book |title=Chau Ju-kua: His Work on the Chinese And Arab Trade in the Twelfth And Thirteenth Centuries, Entitled Chu-fan-chï |translator= Friedrich Hirth |translator2= William Woodville Rockhill |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924023289345 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023289345/page/n162 147] | year=1911 | publisher= St. Petersburg, Printing office of the Imperial academy of sciences | quote=When sailing from lan-wu-li to si-lan, if the wind is not fair, ships maybe driven to a place called Yen-to-man. This is a group of two islands in the middle of the sea, one of them being large, the other small; the latter is quite uninhabited. ... The natives on it are of a colour resembling black lacquer; they eat men alive, so that sailors dare not anchor on this coast. }}</ref> Dina buku Bab ka 38 , ''Countries in the Sea'', Zhao Rukuo negeskeun yén angkat ti ''Lambri'' ([[Sumatra]]) ka Ceylan, tapi angin tarik nyéréd kapalna dugi ka antukna anjog ka Kapuloan Andaman ieu.<ref name="ZhuFanZhi" /><ref>{{cite book | title=Ser Marco Polo : notes and addenda to Sir Henry Yule's edition, containing the results of recent research and discovery | author1=Cordier, Henri | author2=Yule, Henry | year=1920 | publisher=London: John Murray | language=en | url=https://archive.org/details/sermarcopolonote00cord | page = [https://archive.org/details/sermarcopolonote00cord/page/109 109] }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=April 2019}} Dina abad ka-15, Andaman kacatet salaku ''"Andeman Mountain"'' (安得蠻山, diucapkeun ''āndémán shān'' dina ''Mandarin Chinese'' modérn) salila ''[[Balayarna Zheng He]]'' dina [[Peta Mao Kun]] tina [[Wu Bei Zhi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Wu Bei Zhi Map 17 |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/g7821rm.gct00058/?sp=17 |website=Library of Congress |access-date=1 August 2019 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221105843/https://www.loc.gov/resource/g7821rm.gct00058/?sp=17 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Pangeusi anu mimiti=== Bukti arkéologis pangkolotna pikeun maluruh saha anu nempatan éta pulo dina [[Milénium ka-1 SM]]. Bukti [[génetik]] nunjukkeun yén pribumi [[bangsa Andaman]] timana pituinna, sarta yén anu netep di pulo ieu dina 26,000 taun ka pengker, meureun di ahir ''[[Période glasial]]'', nalika tingkat [[cai]] laut leuwih handap anu bisa jadi ngurangan jarak antawis Kapuloan Andaman jeung daratan Asia,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chaubey |first1=Gyaneshwer |last2=Endicott |first2=Phillip |date=June 2013 |title=The Andaman Islanders in a Regional Genetic Context: Reexamining the Evidence for an Early Peopling of the Archipelago from South Asia |url=https://bioone.org/journals/human-biology/volume-85/issue-1_2f_3/027.085.0307/The-Andaman-Islanders-in-a-Regional-Genetic-Context--Reexamining/10.3378/027.085.0307.full |journal=Human Biology |volume=85 |issue=1/3 |pages=153–172 |doi=10.3378/027.085.0307 |pmid=24297224 |issn=0018-7143}}</ref> kalawan sawangan génetik dipercaya yén dua grup linguistik utama papisah dina sabudeureun 16.000 taun ka tukang.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sitalaximi |first1=T. |last2=Varghese |first2=N. |last3=Kashyap |first3=V.K. |date=February 2023 |title=Genetic differentiation of Andaman Islanders and their relatedness to Nicobar Islanders |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2773044123000074 |journal=Human Gene |language=en |volume=35 |pages=201148 |doi=10.1016/j.humgen.2023.201148}}</ref> Bangsa Andaman mangrupikeun kumpulan anu béda sacara génetik malahan béda pisan sareng urang [[Asia]] anu sanés.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mondal |first1=Mayukh |last2=Casals |first2=Ferran |last3=Xu |first3=Tina |last4=Dall'Olio |first4=Giovanni M |last5=Pybus |first5=Marc |last6=Netea |first6=Mihai G |last7=Comas |first7=David |last8=Laayouni |first8=Hafid |last9=Li |first9=Qibin |last10=Majumder |first10=Partha P |last11=Bertranpetit |first11=Jaume |date=September 2016 |title=Genomic analysis of Andamanese provides insights into ancient human migration into Asia and adaptation |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3621 |journal=Nature Genetics |language=en |volume=48 |issue=9 |pages=1066–1070 |doi=10.1038/ng.3621 |hdl=10230/34401 |issn=1061-4036|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jinam |first1=Timothy A. |last2=Phipps |first2=Maude E. |last3=Aghakhanian |first3=Farhang |last4=Majumder |first4=Partha P. |last5=Datar |first5=Francisco |last6=Stoneking |first6=Mark |last7=Sawai |first7=Hiromi |last8=Nishida |first8=Nao |last9=Tokunaga |first9=Katsushi |last10=Kawamura |first10=Shoji |last11=Omoto |first11=Keiichi |last12=Saitou |first12=Naruya |date=August 2017 |title=Discerning the Origins of the Negritos, First Sundaland People: Deep Divergence and Archaic Admixture |url=http://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/9/8/2013/3952725/Discerning-the-Origins-of-the-Negritos-First |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |language=en |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=2013–2022 |doi=10.1093/gbe/evx118 |issn=1759-6653 |pmc=5597900 |pmid=28854687}}</ref>[[File:The Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal were said to be inhabited by wolf-headed people.jpg|thumb|left|Kapuloan Andaman di Teluk Benggala disebut dicicingan ku jalma-jalma anu sirahna [[ajag]], anu digambarkeun dina "buku kaajaiban" anu diproduksi di Paris dina awal abad ka-15.]] ===Kakaisaran Chola=== [[Rajendra Chola I|Rajendra I]] ngarebut Kapuloan Andaman sareng Nikobar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/children/happy-in-havelock/article18376630.ece|title=Happy in Havelock|last=Krishnan|first=Madhuvanti S.|date=4 May 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=4 November 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=22 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222085712/https://www.thehindu.com/children/happy-in-havelock/article18376630.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Anjeunna nganggo Kapuloan Andaman sareng Nikobar salaku pangkalan angkatan laut stratégis pikeun ngalancarkeun ékspédisi ngalawan éta [[Karajaan Sriwijaya]]. [[Chola]] menyebutn pulo Ma-Nakkavaram ("Nembrak/Taneuh buligir"), Kapanggih tina prasasti [[Thanjavur]] taun 1050 kalender kiwari/''[[Common Era|CE]]''. Tukang ngalalana urang Éuropa [[Marco Polo]] (Abad ka 12–13) ogé disebut pulo ieu salaku '''Necuverann''' (teu katutupan) sareng wujud rusak tina nami Tamil ''Nakkavaram'' engkena baris disebut dina mangsa modérn Nikobar salami jaman [[kolonial]] [[Inggris]].<ref name="goi1908">{{Cite journal|author=Government of India|year=1908|title=The Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Local Gazetteer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrwBAAAAYAAJ|publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta|quote=''... In the great Tanjore inscription of 1050 CE, the Andamans are mentioned under a translated name along with the Nicobars, as '''Nakkavaram''' or land of the naked people.''}}</ref> ===Jaman kolonial Inggris=== Dina taun 1789, [[Kaprésidénan Bengal]] ngadegkeun pangkalan angkatan laut sareng [[penjara koloni]] di pulo Chatham]] di bay [[tenggara]] ti [[Andaman gedé]]. Patempatan ayeuna katelah [[Palabuhan Blair]] (sanggeus éta létnan [[Kelautan Bombay]] [[Archibald Blair]] anu ngadegkeun na). Sanggeus dua taun, koloni éta pindah ka Andaman gedé sarta dingaranan palabuhan Cornwallis sanggeus Admiral [[William Cornwallis]]. Kituna ku alatan, aya loba panyakit jeung anu maot dina hukuman koloni jeung pamaréntah ngeureunkeun éta operasina dina Méi 1796.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=957–958}}<ref name="olivierblaise">{{Cite journal | title=Andaman Islands, India | author=Blaise, Olivier | publisher=PictureTank | url=http://www.picturetank.com/___/series/ff5d5b4d962b08bc130471b877292c58/en/Andaman_Isl.,_India_(1).html | access-date=16 November 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715083143/http://www.picturetank.com/___/series/ff5d5b4d962b08bc130471b877292c58/en/Andaman_Isl.,_India_(1).html | archive-date=15 July 2011 | url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715083143/http://www.picturetank.com/___/series/ff5d5b4d962b08bc130471b877292c58/en/Andaman_Isl.,_India_(1).html |date=15 July 2011 }}</ref> Dina taun 1824, Palabuhan Cornwallis nyaéta tempat ngarumpulna armada nu mawa tentara ka [[Perang Burma Kahiji]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=958}} Dina taun 1830-an jeung 1840-an, awak kapal anu titeuleum badarat di Andaman mindeng diserang jeung ditelasan ku pribumi pulo jeung ogé miboga ''réputasi'' sok ngahakan jalma ''[[cannibalism]]''.<ref name="Joh">{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=gHgOAAAAQAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=id&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title =Adventures and Researches Among the Andaman Islanders, Bagian 8John Mouat| last =John Mouat| first =Frederic | publisher =Hurst and Blackett, 1863| location =Universitas Oxford| year =2007|pages =37}} Disungsi 12 Agustus 2024</ref> Leungitna tina ''Runnymede'' ogé ''Briton'' dina taun 1844 ngarandapan badéy sarua, bari ngangkut barang jeung panumpang antara [[India]] jeung [[Australia]], Sarta terus terusan ngayakeun serangan ku pribumi, anu salamet dilawan, nyieun hariwang [[Pamaréntahan British]].<ref>Kingston, W.H.G. (1873) ''Shipwrecks and Disasters at Sea''. George Routledge sareng putrana, London.</ref> Dina taun 1855, pamaréntah diusulkeun pakampungan sejen dina kapuloan, Kaasup [[lembaga pamasyarakatan]], ngan waé ''[[Pemberontakan India tahun 1857]]'' kapaksa ngeureunan dina pangwangunan na. Sanajan kitu, alatan ieu barontak ngabalukarkeun Inggris loba nahan [[tawanan]], éta dijieun pakampungan Andaman anyar jeung panjara kalintang dipikabutuh. Pangwangunan dimimitian dina bulan [[Nopémber]] [[1857]] di [[''Port Blair'']] ngagunakeun tanaga [[narapidana]], kalayan nyingkahan sabudeureun [[rawa]]-rawa [[uyah]] nu sigana tidieu pisan sumber loba masalah saméméhna di palabuhan Cornwallis.<ref name="Wil">{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=WNgRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57&dq=andaman&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz1eTovu6HAxVI4zgGHenpCRc4ChDoAXoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=andaman&f=false| title =Colburn's United Service Magazine and Naval Military Journal, Volume 119William Alsager Pollock| last =William Alsager Pollock| first =Arthur | publisher =H. Colburn, | location =London| year =1869|ISBN=|pages =57}} Disungsi 12 Agustus 2024</ref>.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} [[Patempuran Aberdeen]] ieu perang dina 17 [[Méi]] [[1859]] antara [[Bangsa Andaman]] jeung Inggris. Kiwari, hiji pangéling-éling nangtung di kompléks [[olahraga]] [[cai]] Andaman salaku pangajén ka jalma anu maot dina peperangna. Sieun ku niat Inggris jeung kalayan bantuan ti narapidana kabur ti [[penjara]], Urang Andaman gedé ngajorag pakampungan [[Inggris]], tapi aranjeunna éléh jumlahna antukna loba ngarandapan anu jadi korban. Engké, ieu dicirikeun yén aya hiji narapidana anu bisa kabur ngaranna[[Dudhnath Tewari]] geus robah pamadegan sarta jadi aya di pihak Britania kalayan jadi anu mérébéja ngeunaan rencana pribumi pikeun ngayakeun ieu serangan.<ref name="Rapidiq">{{cite web|url=https://rapidiq.wordpress.com/2012/04/08/the-rise-and-the-fall-of-the-great-andamanese/|title=The Rise and Fall of the Great Andamanese|work=Confessions of a Linguist!|date=8 April 2012|access-date=16 January 2015|archive-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217192515/http://rapidiq.wordpress.com/2012/04/08/the-rise-and-the-fall-of-the-great-andamanese/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="One India">{{cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/2007/05/17/who-are-heroes-of-battle-of-aberdeen-1179405748.html|title=Who are heroes of Battle of Aberdeen?|work=oneindia.com|date=17 May 2007|access-date=16 January 2015|archive-date=9 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709165627/http://www.oneindia.com/2007/05/17/who-are-heroes-of-battle-of-aberdeen-1179405748.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Andaman Sheekha">{{cite web|url=http://www.andamansheekha.com/2012/05/16/tribute-at-the-memorial-of-battle-of-aberdeen-today/|title=Tribute at the Memorial of "Battle of Aberdeen" Today|author=sanjib|work=andamansheekha.com|date=15 May 2012|access-date=16 January 2015|archive-date=10 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710012822/http://www.andamansheekha.com/2012/05/16/tribute-at-the-memorial-of-battle-of-aberdeen-today/|url-status=live}}</ref> Dina taun 1867, éta [[kapal dagang]] ''Nineveh'' geus [[ancur]]di batu karang di Pulo ''Sentinel'' Kalér. 86 korban salamet hasil nepika basisir dina parahu kapal. Dina poé katilu, maranéhna diserang maké [[tumbak]] anu tungtungna [[beusi]] ku pangeusi éta pulo anu dina kaayaan masih kénéh dibuligir. Saurang tina éta kapal téh bisa kabur make parahu anu séjéna disalametkeun ku kapal [[Angkatan Laut Karajaan Inggris]].<ref name="Goodheart">{{cite news | url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-28578579_ITM | work=American Scholar | title=The Last Island of the Savages | date=22 September 2000 | access-date=14 June 2009 | archive-date=22 May 2015 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20150522060225/https://www.questia.com/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Pikeun sawatara waktu, panyakit jeung anu palastra loba pisan, tapi [[réklamasi rawa]] jeung nuar tatangkalan di leuweung tuluy dilaksanakeun. ''Koloni'' Andaman jadi kasohor alatan kajadian ditelasanna Raja Anom [[Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo]], nalika nganjang ka pakampungan dina (8 Pébruari 1872), ku urang [[Pashtun]] ti [[Afghanistan]], [[Sher Ali Afridi]]. Dina taun anu sarua, dua grup pulo Andaman jeung [[kapuloan Nikobar]], dihijikeun dina pangriksa komisaris utama anu cicing di ''Port Blair''.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=958}} [[File:Port Blair 1872 Ross Island Penal HQ.jpg|thumb|right|Markas panjara Pulo Ross, 1872]] [[File:Great Andamanese women - 1876.jpg|thumb|Lalaki, awéwé sareng murangkalih urang Andaman anu harébat, 1876]] Ti nalika waktos pangwangunanna di 1858 di handapeun panalingaan [[James Pattison Walker]], sarta dina nyingareupan tina ayana barontak taun saméméhna, pakampungan ieu mimitina jeung utamana mangrupakeun tempat pikeun nunda sajumlah [[tahanan pulitik]]. Penjara di Port Blair, nalika réngsé dina 1910, kaasup 698 sél disayagakeun pikeun ngurungan; unggal sél diukur {{convert|4.5|by|2.7|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} kalayan jandéla ngan hiji {{convert|3|m|ft|0}} perenahna di luhur.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} Urang [[India]] anu dipenjara di dieu nyebutkeun pulo jeung penjarana salaku ''Kala Pani'' ("Cai hideung");<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm |title=History of Andaman Cellular Jail |publisher=Andamancellularjail.org |access-date=14 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209031136/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm |archive-date= 9 February 2010 }}</ref> hiji film taun 1996 anu pamandanganna di ieu pulo nyokot istilah éta salaku judulna, ''[[Kaalapani (1996 film)|Kaalapani]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0255289/ |title=Kala Pani (1996) |date=12 April 1996 |publisher=Imdb.com |access-date=14 May 2010 |archive-date=12 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112003713/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0255289/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Jumlah tahanan anu tilar dunya di ieu kamp disawang bisa nepika rébuan lobana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andamancellularjail.org/ListOfRevolutionaries.htm |title=Andaman Islands Political Prisoners |publisher=Andamancellularjail.org |access-date=14 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906201654/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/ListOfRevolutionaries.htm |archive-date= 6 September 2010 }}</ref> Kalolobaan anu tilardunya alatan pagawéan anu kacida beurat sarta kasarna laku lampah ka sakumna tahanan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/21/stories/2005122107881100.htm |title=Opinion / News Analysis: Hundred years of the Andamans Cellular Jail |date=21 December 2005 |access-date=14 May 2010 |location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511175419/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/21/stories/2005122107881100.htm |archive-date=11 May 2010 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213184157/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/21/stories/2005122107881100.htm |date=13 December 2006 }}</ref> Penjara Rantai Viper di [[Kapuloan Viper]] ditujukeun pikeun tahanan anu kacida ngabahayakeun jeung ogé mangrupakeun tempat ngalaksanakeun hukuman gantung. Dina abad ka 20, éta jadi tempat anu merenah pikeun [[imah]] sakumna anggota anu kakoncara tina gerakan gerakan kamerdikaan India.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=13 April 2023 |orig-date=13 April 2023 is from HTTP Last-Modified header; webpage says "Feb 25" with no year specified anywhere |title=Discover the dark history of Viper Island : Where punishment was harsh and retribution was swift |url=https://www.exploreandaman.co.in/islands/dark-history-of-viper-island-andaman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016195141/https://www.exploreandaman.co.in/islands/dark-history-of-viper-island-andaman |archive-date=2023-10-16 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=ExploreAndaman |publisher=Explore Andaman |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viper Chain Gang Jail In Andaman And Nicobar |url=https://www.thomascook.in/places-to-visit/viper-chain-gang-jail-in-andaman-and-nicobar-5563 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203223913/https://www.thomascook.in/places-to-visit/viper-chain-gang-jail-in-andaman-and-nicobar-5563 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Thomas Cook |department=India Tourism > Andaman And Nicobar Tourism > Places to visit in Andaman And Nicobar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jail at Viper Island |url=https://www.mountainedge.in/Jail-at-viper-island-andman.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016195237/https://www.mountainedge.in/Jail-at-viper-island-andman.php |archive-date=2023-10-16 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Mountain Edge Tours and Holidays Pvt. Ltd. }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016195237/https://www.mountainedge.in/Jail-at-viper-island-andman.php |date=16 October 2023 }}</ref> ===Penjajahan Jepang=== [[File:Andaman ross is.jpg|thumb|Netaji Subhash Chandra pulo Bose dina taun 2004]] [[File:Andaman.jpg|thumb|Kapuloan Andaman]] Kapuloan Andaman sareng Nikobar éta [[dijajah ku Jepang]] salila [[Perang dunya II]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Klemen|last=L|url=https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/andaman.html|title=The capture of the Andaman Islands, March 1942|date=1999–2000|work=Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942|access-date=30 March 2021|archive-date=26 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726181150/https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/andaman.html|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726181150/https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/andaman.html |date=26 July 2021 }}</ref> Kapuloan anu sacara ''nominally'' nempatkeun dina ''otoritas'' ti [[Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind]] (Pamaréntah Samentara Kamerdékaan India) dipingpin ku [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], anu ngadatangan kapuloan nalika perang, sarta diganti ngaranna jadi [[Shahid|Shaheed]] (Martyr) & Swaraj (Self-rule). Dina 30 Désémber 1943, dina mangsa penjajahan [[Jepang]], Bose, anu sekutu jeung Jepang, pangheulana ngangkat bandéra kamerdikaan India. Umum [[A. D. Loganathan|Loganathan]], ti [[Indian National Army]], nyaéta Gubernur Kapuloan Andaman sareng Nikobar, anu parantos dianéksasi ku Pamaréntah Samentara. Numutkeun Werner Gruhl: "Méméh ninggalkeun kapuloan, urang Jepang mengumpulkan jeung ngaéksékusi 750 jalma teu boga salah ''[[Japanese war crimes]]''."<ref>Gruhl, Werner (2007) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&pg=PA102 Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&pg=PA102 |date=9 December 2015 }}'', Transaction Publishers. {{ISBN|978-0-7658-0352-8}}. p. 102.</ref> ===''Pasca'' Perang Dunia II=== Nalika Perang Dunya II eureunna, pamaréntah Britania ngumumkeun niat na pikeun nutup pakampungan penal. Pamaréntah boga pamikiran pikeun ngusulkeun ngamangpaatkeun tanaga urut narapidana pikeun ngembangkeun usaha ''perikanan'' di ieu pulo, [[kai]], jeung sumberdaya tatanén. Salaku gantina, narapidana ieu baris dibéré izin pikeun balik deui ka daratan [[India]], atawa hak pikeun netep di kapuloan. [[James Howard Williams|J H Williams]], salah sahiji ''pajabat'' senior Pausahaan Bombay Burma, dikirim pikeun ngalaksanakeun panalungtikan [[kai]] di ieu pulo-pulo kalayan nggagunakeun tanaga ti urut narapidana. Anjeunna ngarékam papanggihan na jeung ''The Spotted Deer'' (diterbitkeun dina 1957 ku [[Rupert Hart-Davis]]). Koloni penal ahirna ditutup dina 15 Agustus 1947 nalika India meunang kamerdékaan dina taun 1947. Ti saprak éta, tempat ieu dimangpaatkeun salaku museum ''[[independence movement]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/cellular-jail-india-integral-country-fight-freedom-independence-british-colony-andaman-and-nicobar-a7883691.html|title=How India's Cellular Jail was integral in the country's fight for freedom|date=11 August 2017|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110125549/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/cellular-jail-india-integral-country-fight-freedom-independence-british-colony-andaman-and-nicobar-a7883691.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kalolobaan Kapuloan Andaman jadi bagian tina Républik [[India]] dina taun 1950 sarta dinyatakeun salaku hiji ''[[union territory]]'' ti nagara dina taun 1956, sedengkeun [[Pulo Preparis]] sarta [[Pulo Coco]] janten bagian tina ''[[Yangon Region]]'' ti [[Myanmar]] dina taun 1948.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Planning Commission of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC|title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report|publisher=Academic Foundation|year=2008|isbn=978-81-7188-652-4|edition=illustrated|series=State Development Report series|access-date=12 March 2011|archive-date=9 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Ahir abad ka-20 - abad ka-21=== ====Indit ka luar==== Dina bulan April 1998, fotografer Amérika John S. Callahan ngayakeun kagiatan ''selancar'' anu munggaran di kapuloan andaman, mimiti ti [[Phuket]] di Thailand jeung ''the assistance of Southeast Asia Liveaboards (SEAL)'', parusahaan anu nyéwakeun parabot teuleum milik Inggris.{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}} Kalawan patugas selancar profésional [[internasional]], aranjeunna meuntas Laut Andaman dina parahu pelesir ''Crescent''jeung ngaliwatan pamaliksaan resmi di Port Blair. Rombongan nuluykeun ka kapuloan Andaman anu laleutik, di mana maranéhna salila sapuluh poé ulin ''selancar'' di sababaraha tempat di éta kapuloan pikeun anu munggaran, kaasup Jarawa ''Point'' deukeut ''Hut Bay'' jeung ''long right reef point'' di tungtung kidul-kulon pulo, ngarana ''Kumari Point''. Artikel anu dihasilkeun dina ''Surfer Magazine'', "Quest for Fire" ku ''wartawan'' Sam George, nempatkeun kapuloan Andaman dina peta selancar pikeun waktu anu munggaran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.surfermag.com/magazine/archivedissues/quest-for-fire |title=Surfer Explores The Andaman Islands |publisher=Surfer Magazine |website=Surfermag.com |date=22 July 2010 |access-date=28 December 2011 |archive-date=19 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819112026/http://www.surfermag.com/magazine/archivedissues/quest-for-fire/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Rékaman [[ombak]] Kapuloan Andaman oge katempo dijero film ''Thicker than Water'', dirékam ku anu produksi ''[[documentary film]]'' tayalian [[Jack Johnson (musician)|Jack Johnson]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}} Callahan kadieunakeun nuluykeun nyieun sababaraha proyék ''selancar'' lianna di Kapuloan Andaman, kaasup lalampahan ka Kapuloan Nikobar di taun 1999.{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}} In November 2018, [[John Allen Chau]], an American [[missionary]], traveled illegally with the help of local fishermen to the [[North Sentinel Island]] off the Andaman Islands chain group on several occasions, despite a travel ban to the island. He is reported to have been killed.<ref name="cnn.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/25/asia/missionary-john-chau-north-sentinel-island-sentinelese/index.html|title=Indian authorities struggle to retrieve US missionary feared killed on remote island|date=25 November 2018|work=CNN|access-date=25 November 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=25 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125131356/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/25/asia/missionary-john-chau-north-sentinel-island-sentinelese/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite some relaxation introduced earlier in 2018 to the stringent visit permit system for the islands, North Sentinel Island was still highly protected from outside contact. Special permission to allow researchers and anthropologists to visit could be sought.<ref name="3tier 2018 toi">{{Cite news|last1=Jain|first1=Bharti |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/us-national-defied-3-tier-curbs-caution-to-reach-island/articleshow/66758172.cms|title=US National Defied 3-tier Curbs & Caution to Reach Island |date=23 November 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=31 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126001420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/us-national-defied-3-tier-curbs-caution-to-reach-island/articleshow/66758172.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Chau had no special clearance and knew that his visit was illegal.<ref name="cnn.com"/><ref name="3tier 2018 toi"/> Sanajan sistim katangtuan asup ka pulo-pulo di Andaman ieu kiwari geus teupati hésé kawas saméméhna, kalawan warga nagara salian-[[India]] henteu kudu maké ngantongan ijin pikeun asup ka polo-pulo ieu anu tadina ''Restricted Area Permit (RAP)'', sémahna asing tetep kedah nunjukkeun pasporna di [[Imigrasi]] di Bandara ''Port Blair'' sareng Pelabuhan pikeun divérifikasi. Warga Afganistan, Cina jeung Pakistan, atawa warga nagara asing séjénna anu asalna salah sahiji nagara ieu, {{em|are}} masih diperlukeun pikeun ménta RAP pikeun nganjang Kapuloan Andaman jeung Nicobar. Nya kitu deui, warga ti [[Myanmar]] anu hoyong nganjang [[Mayabunder]] atawa [[Diglipur]]ogé kedah ngajukeun lamaran ka RAP. Dina kasus ieu, idin kudu tos disatujuan saméméh datangna di Port Blair.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Andaman and Nicobar Police |title=For Foreign Tourists |url=https://police.andaman.gov.in/index.php/en/2013-10-13-13-21-25/foreigners/for-foreign-tourist.html |website=police.andaman.gov.in |access-date=30 October 2021 |date=29 June 2018 |quote=... no RAP is required by foreigners to visit these islands, till 31.12.2022 |accessdate=12 August 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002164810/http://police.andaman.gov.in/index.php/en/2013-10-13-13-21-25/foreigners/for-foreign-tourist.html |archivedate=2 October 2018 }}</ref> ====Musibah alam==== Nalika 26 Désémber 2004, basisir Kapuloan Andaman ancur ku kajadian tsunami anu jangkungna {{convert|10|m|ft|0|adj=mid|-high}} datang ti [[Samudra Hindia]], saméméhna mangrupa lini pangpanjangna anu kungsi kacatet, lumangsung salila 500 nepika 600 detik.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Guinness Book of World Records 2014|last=Glenday|first=Craig|publisher=The Jim Pattison Group|year=2013|isbn=978-1-908843-15-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_r3e7/page/015 015]|url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_r3e7/page/015}}</ref> Kabiasaan kuat mepelingan kucara cumarita/lisan di lingkungan pangeusi pulo-pulo di daérah ieu ngeunaan pentingna geuwat nyingkah ka gunung jeung ngajauhan basisir sabada ayana lini ieu jadi hiji kayakinan loba jiwa anu salamet tina ieu kajadian.<ref name="folklore">{{cite news |last1=Bhaumik |first1=Subir |title=Tsunami folklore 'saved islanders' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4181855.stm |access-date=1 June 2024 |agency=BBC News |date=20 January 2005}}</ref> Sabada ieu kajadian, leuwih ti 2,000 jalma tilar dunya sarta leuwih ti 4,000 barudak kaleungitan kolot jeung kulawargana. Sarta teu kurang ti 40,000 kaleungitan imah anu antukna samentara kapaksa nyaricingan heula kémah pangungsian.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004|year=2007|publisher=ASCE, Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering|location=Reston, VA|isbn=9780784409510|url=http://www.asce.org/Product.aspx?id=2147486137&productid=5511|editor1=Strand, Carl|editor2=Masek, John|access-date=12 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024115815/http://www.asce.org/Product.aspx?id=2147486137&productid=5511|archive-date=24 October 2013|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024115815/http://www.asce.org/Product.aspx?id=2147486137&productid=5511 |date=24 October 2013 }}</ref> Nalika tanggal 11 [[Agustus]] 2009, aya lini anu kakuatanna 7 ''skala Richter'' perenahna di kapuloan Andaman, anu ngabalukarkeun ''peringatan'' [[tsunami]] dibewarakeun. Kitu deui dina tanggal 30 [[Maret]] 2010, aya deui lini anu kakuatanna 6,9 ''skala Richter'' puseurna ogé deukeut jeung kapuloan Andaman. ==Géografi jeung Géologi== Kapuloan Andaman mangrupakeun tutugan sagara ti kapuloan Burma [''[Arakan Yoma range]]'' di kalér jeung ti kapuloan [[Indonésia]] di kidul. Ieu mibanda 325 pulo anu legana {{convert|6408|km2|0|abbr=on}},<ref name="Planning Commission Report"/> kalayan [[Laut Andaman]] ka wétan aya pulo-pulo jeung basisir [[Burma]].<ref name="olivierblaise" /> [[Pulo Andaman Kalér]] téh {{convert|285|km}} kiduleun Burma, sanajan sababaraha pulo Burma leutik leuwih deukeut, kaasup tilu Kapuloan Coco. ''[[Ten Degree Channel]]'' nyaéta Sapuluh Darajat mangrupakeun saluran anu misahkeun Kapuloan Andaman jeung Kapuloan Nikobar perenahna di ''Teluk Benggala''. Andamans ti [[Kapuloan Nikobar]] ka kidul. Titik pangluhurna aya di Pulo Andaman Kalér ([[Saddle Peak]]) di {{convert|732|m|abbr=on}}).<ref name="Planning Commission Report">{{cite book|title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands Development Report|series=State Development Report series|author=Planning Commission of India|edition=illustrated|publisher=Academic Foundation|year=2008|isbn=978-81-7188-652-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-date=9 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ujf2N5O4iKgC|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|33}} Géologi kapuloan Andaman dasarna diwangun ku ''[[Jurasik]]'' ahir ka [[Eosen]] Awal [[ofiolit]] jeung [[batuan sédimen]] ([[argillaceous]] jeung ganggang [[apu]]), robah wujudna ku lobana ngerelep/[[fault (geology)|faults]] jeung kasurungkeun/[[thrust]] kalawan ''[[ultramafic]] [[igneous]] [[intrusion (geology)|intrusion]]s''.<ref name="tsu"/> Sahenteuna aya 11 gunung anu ngaluarkeun leutak/[[mud volcano]] di ieu kapuloan.<ref name="tsu">Chakrabarti, P.; Nag, A.; Dutta, S. B.; Dasgupta, S. and Gupta, N. (2006) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5gEBfvCBclUC&pg=PA42 S & T Input: Earthquake and Tsunami Effects...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=5gEBfvCBclUC&pg=PA42 |date=9 December 2015 }}'', page 43. Chapter 5 in S. M. Ramasamy et al. (eds.), ''Geomatics in Tsunami'', New India Publishing. {{ISBN|81-89422-31-6}}</ref> Aya dua pulo vulkanik, [[kapuloan Narcondam]] jeung [[Barren Island]], nu geus dihasilkeun [[basalt]] jeung [[andesite]]. Kapuloan Barren mangrupa hiji-hijina gunung seuneuan anu masihkénéh hirup di [[anak benua India]]jeung bitu panganyarna dilaporkeun dina Désémber 2022, ngarah kana poténsi pikeun [[geotourism]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.andamantourism.gov.in/capital.php| title=Andaman Tourism – Science Centre| access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=260010| title=Global Volcanism Program – Barren Island| access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref> ==Iklim== Iklim anu has pulo-pulo [[tropis]] kalawan gurat ''lintang'' anu sarua. Salawasna haneut, kalawan [[angin]] [[laut]] anu tarik. Hujan turun henteu tangtu, ilaharna garing nalika angin [[muson]] kalér-wétan, Sarta kacida baseuh nalika muson kidul-kulon.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=956}} ==Tutuwuhan== [[File:Shaheed Island, Andamans, Tropical forest.jpg|thumb|[[Leuweung]] [[tropis]], Pulo Shaheed]] [[File:Havelock Island, Mangrove trees in tropical sea, Andaman Islands.jpg|thumb|Tangkal [[babakoan]] di basisir, Pulo Havelock]] Palabuhan Andaman Tengah lolobana beueus [[leuweung]] anu daunna ngarangrangan ''(gugur)''. Ari Andaman Kalérmah mibanda leuweung anu héjo sapanjang taun, sarta dipinuhan ku tatangkalan anu ngarambat kana éta tatangkalan.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} Végétasi alami Andaman tayalian [[leuweung]] tropis, kalawan tangkal [[babakoan]] ngampar di sisi basisir. Leuweung hujan [[tropis]] di dieu mibanda komposisi anu mirip jeung [[leuweung hujan]] tropis di basisir kulon [[Burma]]. Sabagian gedé leuweungna hejo sapanjang taun, tapi aya ogé wewengkon anu leuweungna ngaragrangan (gugur) di Andaman Kalér, [[Andaman Tengah]], [[Baratang]] anu mangrupakeun bagian ti [[Pulo Andaman Kidul]]. Leuweung Andaman Kidul mah loba pisan tutuwuhan anu napel ka tutuwuhan séjén [[epiphytic]], lolobana pakis jeung anggrek. Di dieu Leuweung Andaman téh sabagian gedé masih kénéh weuteuh tur alami, sanajan aya leuweung anu ditaluaran alatan dipikabutuh tisaprak loba ''imigrasi'' ti wilayah daratan [[India]], [[Andaman Leutik]], [[Narcondam]], Andaman kalér jaung Andaman kidul. Tapi, maksudna tina proyék téh pikeun ngalestarikeun basisir jeung sato-sato laut, lain pikeun ngababad leuweung hujan.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|id=im0101 |name=Andaman Islands rain forests|access-date=28 December 2011}}</ref> Di [[Pulo Interview]] jeung Andaman Kalér Ancaman pikeun sato-sato liar datang ti spésiés anu dipikawanoh kaasup [[beurit]], [[anjing]], [[ucing]] jeung [[gajah]]. Para élmuwan manggihan spésies anyar ganggang héjau di kapuloan Andaman, ngarana ''Acetabularia jalakanyakae''. "Jalakanyaka" mangrupa kecap Sanskerta anu hartina "putri duyung".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/mermaid-plant-india-andamans-archipelago-b1903845.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817145707/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/mermaid-plant-india-andamans-archipelago-b1903845.html |archive-date=2021-08-17 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|title=Indian scientists discover new 'mermaid' plant species in Andamans archipelago|date=17 August 2021|website=The Independent}}</ref> ===Kai=== [[File:Timber.JPG|thumb|upright=1|right|Rumah panggung di perkebunan kayu Andaman]] Leuweung Andaman mibanda 200 malahan leuwih spésiés tangkal anu ngahasilkeun [[kai]], aya kurang leuwih 30 jinis dianggap mibanda harga anu mahal. Spésiés kai komérsial utama tayalian Gurjan (''[[Dipterocarpus]]'' spp.) jeung [[Padauk]] (''[[Pterocarpus dalbergioides]]''). Kai hias dihandap ieu dipiwanoh alatan wangun tina urat kai anu hadé: * ''Kai'' [[marmer]] (''[[Diospyros|Diospyros marmorata]]'') * ''Padauk'' (''[[Pterocarpus dalbergioides]]'') * ''Silver grey'' (kai husus anu kelirna bodas[[utkarsh]]) * ''Chooi'' (''[[Sageraea|Sageraea elliptica]]'') * ''Kokko'' (''[[Albizzia lebbeck]]'') Kai Padauk leuwih kuat tibatan kai [[jati]] sarta loba dimangpaatkeun pikeun nyiun parabot imah/''furniture''. Aya wujud kai [[kayu cucuk]] jeung ''[[akar penopang]]'' di Padauk Andaman. Potongan panggédena anu kungsi dipikanyaho ti leuweun andaman tayalian méja makan anu ukuranna {{convert|13|x|7|ft|abbr=on}}. Potongan kai cucuk anu dijieun méja makan ieu bisa dipaké ku dalapan urang. Tangkal [[Rudraksha]] (''Elaeocarps sphaericus'') jeung tangkal damar Dhoop anu kaangseu seungit/aromatik ogé kapanggih hirup didieu.<ref name="Sha"/> ==Sasatoan== [[File:The Coral Reef at the Andaman Islands.jpg|thumb|Batu karang Havelock di Andaman]] Kapuloan Andaman téh imah pikeun sajumlah sato, loba diantarana sato éndemik. Kapuloan Andaman jeung Nikobar téh imah pikeun 10% ti sakabéh spésiés sasatoan [[India]].<ref name="Singh">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/andaman-nicobar-islands-home-to-a-tenth-of-indias-fauna-species/article25592134.ece|title=Andaman & Nicobar Islands: home to a tenth of India's fauna species|last=Singh|first=Shiv Sahay|date=25 November 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=10 November 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=18 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218190850/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/andaman-nicobar-islands-home-to-a-tenth-of-indias-fauna-species/article25592134.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Kapuloan ieu legana ngan 0,25% tina lega géografis ieu nagara, tapi mibanda 11.009 spésiés, numutkeun hiji ''publikasi'' ti [[Survei Zoologi India]].<ref name="Singh"/> ===Mamalia=== Mamalia éndemik pulo ieu antarana: * [[Beurit cucukan Andaman]] (''Crocidura hispida'') * [[Beurit Andaman]] (''Crocidura andamanensis'') * [[Beurit Jenkins's]] (''Crocidura jenkinsi'') * [[Kalong Andaman]] (''Rhinolophus cognatus'') * [[Beurit Andaman]] (''Rattus stoicus'') Céléng (''Sus scrofa vittatus''), ogé dipiwanoh salaku babi leuweung Andaman ogé kungsi dianggap salaku subspésiés éndemik,<ref name="SrinivasuluSrinivasulu2012">{{Cite book | title = South Asian Mammals: Their Diversity, Distribution, and Status | last1 = Srinivasulu | first1 = C. | last2 = Srinivasulu | first2 = B. | publisher = Springer | year = 2012 | page = 353 | isbn = 9781461434498}}</ref> ditangtayungan ku Undang-Undang ''Perlindungan Satwa Liar'' taun 1972 (Sch I). aya ogé [[peucang]], [[uncal]] (''Axis axis''), [[mencek]] (''Muntiacus muntjak'') ogé [[uncal]] (''Rusa unicolor'') maranéhna katempi hirup di ieu kapuloan. [[Pulo Interview]] (suaka margasatwa pang gedéna di wewengkon ieu) perenahna di Andaman Tengah loba kapanggih hirup [[monyét]] liar [[gajah]], anu dibawa ku pagswé pausahaan nalika ngabukbak leuweung sarta dileupaskeun didieu alatan pausahaanna tutup. Populasi ieu geus jadi subjék pikeun panalungtikan. ===Manuk=== Manuk éndemik atawa ampir éndemik di antawisna: * ''[[Spilornis elgini]]'', heulang oray * ''[[Rallina canningi]]'', mandar (endemic; data-deficient per IUCN 2000) * ''[[Columba palumboides]]'', japati leuweung * ''[[Macropygia rufipennis]]'', japati andaman * ''[[Centropus andamanensis]]'', andaman caucal * ''[[Otus balli]]'', otus balli * ''[[Ninox affinis]]'', punggok andaman * ''[[Rhyticeros narcondami]]'', Rangkong Narcondam * ''[[Dryocopus hodgei]]'', burung platuk Andaman* ''[[Dicrurus andamanensis]]'', Andaman drongo * ''[[Dendrocitta bayleyii]]'', treepie Andaman * ''[[Sturnus erythropygius]]'', jalak hulu bodas * ''[[Collocalia affinis]]'', walét bulu toéd * ''[[Aerodramus fuciphagus]]'', walét sayang bodas <ref name="SAL">{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=8HgeAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA149&dq=andaman&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz1eTovu6HAxVI4zgGHenpCRc4ChDoAXoECAcQAg#v=onepage&q=andaman&f=false| title =The IbisSALVIN, MA, FRS,| last =SALVIN, MA, FRS,| first =OSBERT | publisher =Hurst and Blackett, 1863| location =London| year =1874|ISBN=|pages =37}} Disungsi 12 Agustus 2024</ref> Pulo anu mibanda [[guha]] anu loba, saperti anu aya di [[Chalis Ek]] tayalian tempat nyayang pikeun rupa-rupa manuk anu bisa diarah sayangna [[swiftlet]], sayangna dihargaan mahal pisan di Tiongkok salaku bahan nyieun sop /''[[bird's nest soup]]''.<ref name="soup">Sankaran, R. (1998), ''[http://www.traffic.org/species-reports/traffic_species_birds8.pdf The impact of nest collection on the Edible-nest Swiftlet in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704194845/http://www.traffic.org/species-reports/traffic_species_birds8.pdf |date=4 July 2010 }}''. Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, India.</ref> ===Réptil jeung amphibi=== Kapuloan ieu ogé mibanda sajumlah spésiés [[réptil]] éndemik, [[bangkong]] jeung [[bancét]], aya ogé [[kobra Andaman]] (''Naja sagittifera''), oray krait Andaman Kidul/kawas iray welang (''[[Bungarus andamanensis]]'') jeung [[bayawak]] cai Andaman (''[[Varanus salvator andamanensis]]''). Aya tempat panyalindungan {{convert|45|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} ti [[kapuloan Havelock]] pikeun [[buaya cai laut]]. Salila 25 taun katukang geus aya kana 24 kali serangan anu dilancarkeun ku buaya kalawan aya 4 anu geus jadi korbanna, kaasup maotna turis Amérika Lauren Failla. Ku ieu kajadian pameréntah dikritik alatan gagal méré nyaho wisatawan ngeunaan tempat garawatan buaya jeung bahayana. sakaligus ngapromosikeun pariwisata.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sacks, Ethan|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/nj-woman-killed-crocodile-attack-snorkeling-indian-coast-article-1.445025|title=NJ woman killed by crocodile attack while snorkeling off Indian coast|newspaper=NY Daily News|date=6 May 2010|access-date=26 April 2017|archive-date=26 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426151615/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/nj-woman-killed-crocodile-attack-snorkeling-indian-coast-article-1.445025|url-status=live}}</ref> Buaya henteu ngan kapanggih di jero suaka margasatwa, tapi ogé di sakabéh kantétan pulo kalayan kapadatan anu rupa-rupa. Habitat maranéhanana teu loba, matakna populasina stabil tapi henteu loba. Populasina kapanggih di sakabéh habitat [[babakoan]] anu sayagi di sakabeh pulo gedé, kaasup sababaraha anak susukan di Havelock. Spésiés ieu ngagunakeun [[laut]] salaku sarana transportasi tiap [[susukan]] jeung [[muara]] anu béda, matakna maranéhanana henteu ilahar katempo di tengah laut. Sabalikna ulah ngojay di deukeut daérah babakoan atara [[muara]] [[susukan]]; ngojay di tengah laut kuduna leuwih aman, tapi sabalikna kudu aya anu nalingakeun di tempat sabudeureun. ==Démografi== [[File:The von Eickstedts in the Andamans 1926.jpg|thumb|The von Eickstedts di Andamans 1926]] [[File:Andamanese Onge.png|thumb|Hiji kulawarga Andaman di pulo [[Andaman gedé]] taun 2006]] {{As of|2011}}, the population of the Andaman was 343,125,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/ut_andaman.php |access-date=3 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619045535/http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/ut_andaman.php|publisher=india.gov.in|title=Andaman & Nicobar Islands |archive-date=19 June 2010 }}</ref> Sanggeus tumuwuh tina 50.000 taun 1960. Seuseueurna populasi asalna ti imigran anu datang ka pulo saprak jaman kolonial, utamana urang [[Bengali]], [[Hindustan]], [[Telugu]] [https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/telugu-culture-flourishing-in-andamans/article6136317.ece], [[Tamil people|Tamil]] backgrounds.<ref name="distadmin">{{cite web |url=http://andamandt.nic.in/profile.htm |title=Andaman & Nicobar Islands at a glance |publisher=Andamandt.nic.in |access-date=14 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213201339/http://andamandt.nic.in/profile.htm |archive-date=13 December 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213201339/http://andamandt.nic.in/profile.htm |date=13 December 2011 }}</ref> [[File:Jarwa Tribes Andaman.jpg|thumb|left|Étnis Andaman]] Hiji étnis Andaman anu saeutik jumlahna tayalian urang [[aboriginal inhabitants]] ([[adivasi]]) di ieu pulo. Nalika maranéhna munggaran muka diri ka jalmi diluar taun 1850-an ti harita ngeureuyeuh ngawangun hubungan, kurang leuwih aya kana 7.000 jalmi, diantawisna [[Andaman Besar]], [[Jarawa (Kepulauan Andaman)|Jarawa]], [[Jangil]] (atawa ''Rutland Jarawa''), [[Suku Onge|Onge]], jeung [[Suku Sentinel|Sentinelese]]. Andaman gedé diwangun ku 10 étnis anu anggotana aya 5.000 jalma. Dibarung ku ngaronjatna pangeusi di daratan utama (anu mimitina sabagian gedé urut tahanan sarta [[buruh kontrak]] anu henteu sukarela, kadieunakeun ngahaja digawékeun sangkan mantuan patani), Andaman kungsi ngalaman ngurangan populasi alatan kaserang ku [[panyakit]] anu népa datangna ti luar, parebut taneuh ku anu nyaricingan, jeung pacogrégan.<ref name="Hor">{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=NnBAiQnFLpgC&pg=PA21&dq=andaman&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0g4DDru6HAxVnyDgGHaHyM98Q6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=andaman&f=false| title =The Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman IslandsHorace Man, Alexander John Ellis| last =Horace Man, Alexander John Ellis| first =Edward | publisher =Mittal Publication| location =New Delhi| year =1880|pages =Xi}} Disungsi 12 Agustus 2024</ref> Kapuloan Andaman téh imah pikeun bangsa [[Sentinelese ]], étnis anu tacan kungsi ka saba ku jalma luar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Everything We Know About The Isolated Sentinelese People Of North Sentinel Island |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kionasmith/2018/11/30/everything-we-know-about-the-isolated-sentinelese-people-of-north-sentinel-island/ |work=Forbes |date=30 November 2018}}</ref> Alatan pulo maranéhna anu hésé kasaba, masarakat Andaman sabagéan gedé byingkahan ayana hubungan jeung jalma luar. Basa maranéhna mangrupakeun gambaran gedé tina ieu hal, linguistik maranéhna béda tur mibanda ciri-ciri morfologi anu kuat – kecap dasar, mimiti, panungtung– tur saeutik pisan mibanda hubungan jeung jalma luar sarta géografis disabudeureuna .<ref>{{Kutip jurnal |last1=Endicott |first1=Phillip |last2=Gilbert |first2=M. Thomas P. |last3=Stringer |first3=Chris |last4=Lalueza-Fox |first4=Carles |last5=Willerslev |first5=Eske |last6=Hansen |first6=Anders J. |last7=Cooper |first7=Alan |date=Januari 2003 |title=Asal Genetik Penduduk Kepulauan Andaman |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/345487 |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=178–184 |doi=10.1086/345487 |pmid=12478481 |issn=0002-9297|pmc=378623 }}</ref> Nincak akhir abad ke-20 diperkirakeung anu nyesa tinggal 400–450 étnis Andaman di éta pulo, sarta ngan 50 anu masih keneh maké basa Jangil geus tumpur. sabagian gedé étnis Andaman gedé geus tumpur, anu masih kénéh hirup kiwari, kurang leuwih 52, sawaréhna ngaromong maké bahasa [[Hindi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Malekar |first=Anosh |date=April 2010 |title=Alasan untuk survei linguistik |work=InfoChange News & Features |publication-place=India |url=http://infochangeindia.org/Media/Languages-of-India/The-case-for-a-linguistic-survey.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927215058/http://infochangeindia.org/Media/Languages-of-India/The-case-for-a-linguistic-survey.html |archive-date=27 September 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100424231241/http://infochangeindia.org/Media/Languages-of-India/The-case-for-a-linguistic-survey.html |date=24 April 2010 }}</ref> Etnis Onge ngurangan kiwari nepika nyesa kurang ti 100 jalma. Ngan étnis Jarawa jeung Sentinel anu masih kénéh hirup pengkuh dina kamandirianna sarta nolak tina sabagian gedé usaha pikeun muka hubungan; jumlahna teu pasti tapi kawasna ngan sababaratus urang.<ref name="Sha">{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=WEztW7c0CqQC&pg=PA33&dq=andaman&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifppztte6HAxXtwzgGHYNdBW4Q6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=andaman&f=false| title =Tribal Development in Andaman IslandsSharma| last =Sharma| first =A. N. | publisher =Sarup & Sons| location =New Delhi| year =2003|ISBN=9788176253475|pages =37}} Disungsi 12 Agustus 2024</ref> Basa-basa asli sakumna disebut salaku [[basa Andaman]], nanging ti kitu aranjeuna ieu diwangun ku dua kulawarga anu henteu sarua, sarta aya lusinan basa basa-basa asli secara anu kiwari geus tumpur atawa ampir tumpur. ==Ageman== Sabagian gedé masarakat suku di Kapulauan Andaman jeung Nikobar ngagem kayakinan anu tiasa disebat salaku [[animisme]] monoteistik. Masarakan di pulo-pulo ieu percaya yén [[Puluga]] nyaéta hiji-hijina déwa anu tanggungjawab kana sagala rupa anu kajadian di luhureun dunya.<ref>{{cite book|author=Radcliffe-Brown, A. R.|title=The Andaman Islanders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRJaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA161|date=14 November 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-62556-3|page=161|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-date=26 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426152135/https://books.google.com/books?id=iRJaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA161|url-status=live}}</ref> Kapercayaan urang Andaman sarta diwariskeun katurunana yén Paluga cicingna di [[Saddle Peak (kapuloan Andaman)|Saddle Peak]] Kapuloan Andaman jeung Nikobar. Jalma-jalma di pulo ieu sabisa-bisa nyingkahan naon wae lampah anu matak henteu pikaresepeun Paluga. Jalma-jalma anu ngagem kana ieu kapercayaan bakal nyurup hiji jiwa, jurig, jeung roh. maranehna ogé kacida percayana kana kajadian dina ngimpi. Nya tina ngimpi ieu manranéhna nangtukeun hirup rék kamana jeung kumaha.<ref>{{Cite web|title = People of Andaman and Nicobar Islands|url = http://www.webindia123.com/territories/andaman/people/intro.htm|website = Webindia123.com|access-date = 31 January 2016|archive-date = 1 June 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160601155012/http://www.webindia123.com/Territories/ANDAMAN/People/intro.htm|url-status = live}}</ref> Mitologi Andaman nyebatkeun cenah manusa lalaki asalan bijil tina beulah awi, sedengkeun anu awéwéna dijieun tina taneuh liat (tela).<ref>Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald. The Andaman Islanders: A study in social anthropology . 2nd printing (enlarged). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933 [1906]. p. 192</ref> Salah sahiji carita anu kapanggih ku [[Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown]] nyebutkeun cenah, manusa anu pangheulana tilar dunya éta mangkat ka surga, dunya anu matak pikabetaheun, nanging ieu kabetah jeung ka bungah téh sirna ku alatan ngalanggah hiji pantangan, hususna nuang sayuran anu dicarang pikeun di tuang.<ref>Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald. The Andaman Islanders: A study in social anthropology . 2nd printing (enlarged). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933 [1906]. p. 220</ref> Antukna ditarajang ku bala bencana, tisaprak harita pangesi anu hirup jadi leuwih padet sarta henteu pengkuh kana aturan Puluga. Ku alatan kitu, nya datang [[Banjir]] gedé anu ngabalukarkeun tinggal opatan anu salamet, tapi kaleungitan seuneu maranéhna.<ref>Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald. The Andaman Islanders: A study in social anthropology . 2nd printing (enlarged). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933 [1906]. p. 216</ref><ref>Witzel, Michael E.J. (2012). The Origin of The World's Mythologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 309-312</ref> Kayakinan sejen anu diagem di kapuloan Andaman jeung Nikobar tayalian, dumasar kan lobana anu muhit, [[Hindu]], [[Kristen]], [[Islam]], [[Sikhism]], [[Buddha]], [[Jainism]] and [[Baháʼí Faith]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|title=Population by religious communities|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=21 September 2016|archive-date=6 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106014425/http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bahai.org/national-communities/andaman-and-nicobar-islands|title=Baháʼí Community of Andaman and Nicobar Islands|last=Baháʼí|website=Baháʼí Community|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-date=17 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817163632/http://www.bahai.org/national-communities/andaman-and-nicobar-islands|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Pamaréntah== [[File:Aberdeen Bazar, Port Blair.JPG|thumb|Puseurdayeuh kapuloan Andaman, Port Blair]] [[Port Blair]] tayalian komunitas anu utama di pulo-pulo ieu, jeung jadi puseur administrasi wewengkon ''persatuan''. Kapuloan Andaman diwangun ku hiji distrik ''administratif'' di jero wewengkon Persatuan, [[district Andaman]] (Kapuloan Nikobar dipisahkeun sarta ditetepkeun salaku [[distrik Nikobar]] geus dipisahkeun tisaprak taun 1974). ==Angkutan== Hiji-hijina bandara komérsial nyaéta [[Veer Savarkar International Airport]] di Port Blair, nu geus dijadwalkeun jasa pikeun [[Kolkata]], [[Chennai]], [[New Delhi]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Hyderabad]] jeung [[Visakhapatnam]]. Bandara ini aya dina pang riksa [[Angkatan Laut India]]. Saméméh taun 2016 ngan meunang operasi tibeurang wungkul; Ngan, tisaprak 2016 peuting ogé geus diijinan .<ref>{{cite news|editor1=Roy, Sanjib Kumar|editor2=Sheekha, Andaman|title=Maiden night flight arrives in Isles|url=http://www.andamansheekha.com/2016/01/21/maiden-night-flight-arrives-in-isles-goair-flight-with-155-tourists-lands-at-vsi-airport-to-operate-chartered-flight-between-bengaluru-port-blair/|access-date=21 January 2016|work=Andaman Sheekha|date=21 January 2016|archive-date=2 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002092304/http://www.andamansheekha.com/2016/01/21/maiden-night-flight-arrives-in-isles-goair-flight-with-155-tourists-lands-at-vsi-airport-to-operate-chartered-flight-between-bengaluru-port-blair/|url-status=live}}</ref> Aya hiji lapangan udara leutik, kurang leuwih panjangna {{convert|1000|m|ft}}, perenahna di deukeut basisir wétan Andaman kalér deukeut dekat [[Diglipur]]. Alatan panjangna rute jeung saeutikna jumlah maskapai anu hiber ka pulo-pulo éta, harga tikét pesawat sacara historis kawilang mahal, sanajan leuwih murah pikeun warga lokal tibatan sémah anu datang. Harga tikét pesawat mahal salila usum puncak usum semi jeung usum tiris, sanajan harga tikét pesawat geus ngurangan hargana bareng jeung waktu anu sarua ngalegaanna industri penerbangan sipil di India. Penerbangan pribadi ogé diizinkeun eunteup di ieu bandara Port Blair kalawan kudu ménta ijin heula saméméhna. Aya ogé jasa kapal ti Chennai, Visakhapatnam sareng Kolkata. Perjalanan butuh tilu dinten dua wengi, sareng gumantung kana cuaca. ==Rujukan budaya== {{Perbaikan bagian|tanggal=April 2024}} Pulo-pulo ieu sacara husus diguar sajereun misteri [[Sherlock Holmes]] taun 1890 hasil ti [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LitCharts |url =https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-sign-of-the-four/summary |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=LitCharts |bahasa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Kutip jurnal |last=Chatterjee |first=Arup K. |journal=Shima: Jurnal Internasional Penelitian Budaya Pulau |title=Ilmu Bangsa Andaman dan Tanda Empat: Hirarki rasial kekaisaran Inggris yang terdistorsi antropologi |tanggal=11 Februari 2019|volume=14 |issue=2 |doi=10.21463/SHIMA.14.2.14 |s2cid=224924041 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Hakim di [[Lady Gregory]] Drama ''[[Menyebarkan Berita]]'' saméméhna dipidangkeun di kapuloan ieu.<ref>{{Kutip buku |last=Gregory |first=Lady |url=https://books.google.com/books ?id=RkE2AQAAMAAJ |title=Menyebarkan Berita |tanggal=1909 |publisher=Putnam |bahasa=en}}</ref> [[M. M. Kaye]] 1985 [[novel]] ''Death in the Andamans''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaye |first=M. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IADkCgAAQBAJ |title=Death in the Andamans |date=2015-12-01 |publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-250-08926-7 |language=en}}</ref> ogé [[Marianne Wiggins]]' 1989 novel ''John Dollar'' disetél di ieu kapuloan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wiggins |first=Marianne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LC7HfgbTFaQC |title=John Dollar |date=1990 |publisher=Harper & Row |isbn=978-0-06-091655-8 |language=en}}</ref> Anu pandeuri dimimitian ku ékspedisi ti [[Burma]] pikeun ngareuah-reuah tepung taun Raja George, tapi robah jadi hiji carita hirup kumaha sangkan bisa tetep hirup sabada ditarajang [[Lini]] jeung [[Tsunami]]. [[Priyadarshan]] 1996 film ''[[Kaalapani]]'' (Malayalam; ''[[Sirai Chaalai]]'' di Tamil) ngagambarkeun perjuangan kabebasan India jeung kahirupan tahanan di ''[[Cellular Jail]]'' di Port Blair.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1995-06-15 |title=Kaala Paani, a Malayalam film banks on lavish budget, freedom movement and multilingual cast |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19950615-kaala-paani-a-malayalam-film-banks-on-lavish-budget-freedom-movement-and-multilingual-cast-806763-1995-06-14 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> ''Island's End'' nyaéta hiji novel taun 2011 ti [[Padma Venkatraman]] ngeunaan latihan dukun pribumi. Tokoh utama dina ieu novel ''[[Six Suspects (novel)|Six Suspects]]'' ku [[Vikas Swarup]] asalna ti Kapuloan Andaman. ''The Last Wave'' (2014) ku [[Pankaj Sekhsaria]] ogé nyaritakeun ieu kapuloan. Brodie Moncur, Protagonis utama ti [[William Boyd (writer)|William Boyd's]] taun 2018 dina novel ''Love is Blind'', nyéépkeun waktos di Kapuloan Andaman dina taun-taun awal abad ka-20. Kapuloan Andaman dina période saméméhna, salila jeung ngan sanggeus Perang Dunya Kadua nyaéta setting pikeun Uzma Aslan Khan 'The Miraculous True History of Nomi Ali'. Taun 2023, kapuloan Andaman dipidangkeun dina séri netflix anu dingaranan Kaala Paani dumasar kana wabah panyakit fiksi dina taun 2027..{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}} ==Tempo ogé == <!-- Please keep entries in alphabetical order & add a short description [[WP:SEEALSO]] --> * [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] * [[List of endemic birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] * [[List of trees of the Andaman Islands]] * [[Lists of islands]] ==Dicutat tina== '''Notes''' {{Reflist|2}} '''Sources''' * {{EB1911|wstitle=Andaman Islands|volume=1|pages=955–958}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034922/http://www.andamantravelagent.com/about-andaman History & Culture. The Andaman Islands with destination quide] * {{cite web |first= Klemen |last= L |date= 2000 |title= Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942 |url= https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/index.html |accessdate= 12 August 2024 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726053035/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/index.html |archivedate= 26 July 2011 }} * {{cite book|author=India Home Dept|title=The Andaman Islands: With Notes on Barren Island|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0xFAAAAYAAJ|year=1859|publisher=C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press}} * {{cite book|author=Suresh Vaidya|title=Islands of the Marigold Sun|year=1960|publisher=Robert Hale}} * {{cite book|author=Raleigh Trevelyan|author-link=Raleigh Trevelyan|title=The Golden Oriole: Childhood, Family and Friends in India|url=https://archive.org/details/goldenoriolechil0000trev|year=1987|publisher=Secker & Warburg}} ==Tutumbu ka luar== {{Commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181213232827/http://www.and.nic.in/ Official Andaman and Nicobar Tourism Website] * {{citation|last=Sorenson|first=E. Richard|title=Sensuality and Consciousness:Psychosexual Transformation in the Eastern Andaman|journal=Anthropology of Consciousness|volume=4|issue=4|year=1993|doi=10.1525/ac.1993.4.4.1|pages=1–9}} * {{citation|last=Sen|first=Satadru|title=Savage Bodies, Civilized Pleasures: M. V. Portman and the Andamanese|journal=American Ethnologist|volume=36|issue=2|year=2009|doi=10.1111/j.1548-1425.2009.01140.x |pages=364–379}} {{ecoregions of India}} {{Portal bar|Islands|India}} {{authority control}} [[Kategori:Kapuloan]] [[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] fuyscs4iyvzybbp9uko0vno7wyhkukw Kabupatén Toba Samosir 0 105977 729094 704077 2026-09-26T12:11:08Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2 |settlement_type = Kabupaten |nami = Kabupatén Toba |translit_lang1_type = [[Surat Batak|Surat Batak Toba]] |translit_lang1_info = {{btk|ᯖᯬᯅ}} |nama_lain = Toba Samosir (Tobasa) |propinsi = [[Sumatera Utara]] |ibukota = [[Balige, Toba|Balige]] |foto = [[file:Dolok Tolong - Balige.jpg|150px]] |caption = [[Danau Toba]] dari Dolok Tolong, Tampahan |motto = Tampakna do rantosna, rimni tahi do gogona<br/>{{small|{{lang icon|Batak Toba}} Dengan persatuan dan kesatuan serta rasa kebersamaan untuk saling membantu dan bekerja sama, apa pun yang diharapkan akan dapat dicapai<ref>{{cite news|url=https://issuu.com/adhityafahlan/docs/20_maret/5|title=Bersama Membangun Toba Samosir dengan Prinsip: Tampakna do rantosna, rim ni tahi do gogona|work=Harian Mandiri|date=20 Maret 2015|first=R.|last=Manurung|access-date=2022-09-27|archive-date=2022-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927110230/https://issuu.com/adhityafahlan/docs/20_maret/5|dead-url=no}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927110230/https://issuu.com/adhityafahlan/docs/20_maret/5 |date=2022-09-27 }}</ref>}} |lambang = [[file:Seal of Toba Regency (2020).svg|150px]] |peta = [[file:Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Toba Samosir.svg|150px]] |kordinat = 2°03'-2°40' LU 98°56'-99°40' BT |dasar hukum = Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1998 |tanggal = [[9 Maret]] [[1999]] |hari jadi = {{Start date and age|1999|3|9}} |kacamatan = 16 |kalurahan = 13 |desa = 231 |kapala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah = [[Insinyur|Ir.]] [[Poltak Sitorus]] |kapala daerah1 = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah1 = [[Tonny Simanjuntak]] |sekretaris daerah = Audy Murphy Sitorus |ketua DPRD = Effendi S. Panangian Napitupulu |lega = 2021,8 |pangeusi = 212133 |penduduktahun = [[2022]] |pendudukref = <ref name="TOBA1">{{cite web|url=https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/7c8248262567c3d4eca514f2/kabupaten-toba-samosir-dalam-angka-2023.html|title=Kabupaten Toba Dalam Angka 2023|website=www.tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id|accessdate=14 April 2023|format=pdf|pages=15, 85, 195|dead-url=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414105555/https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/7c8248262567c3d4eca514f2/kabupaten-toba-samosir-dalam-angka-2023.html|archivedate=14 April 2023}}</ref> |kapadatan = auto |agama = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |{{Tree list}} * 93,10% [[Kekristenan]] ** 85,75% [[Protestan]] ** 7,35% [[Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |5,92% [[Islam]] |0,95% [[Ugamo Malim|Parmalim]] |0,03% [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]<ref name="AGAMA"/>}} |bahasa = {{ubl|[[Bahasa Batak Toba|Batak Toba]]|[[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]}} |IPM = {{increase}} 77,83 ([[2023]])<br>{{fontcolor|#00726a|tinggi}}<ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://sumut.bps.go.id/indicator/26/750/1/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020) 2021-2023|website=www.sumut.bps.go.id|accessdate=29 Desember 2023}}</ref> |kodearea = 0632 |nomor_polisi = BB |dau = Rp 579.155.648.000,- ([[2020]]) |dauref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf |title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=15 April 2021}}</ref> |web = {{url|https://tobakab.go.id/}} }} '''Kabupatén Toba''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{btk| ᯖᯬᯅ}}) nyaéta hiji [[kabupatén]] di [[propinsi]] [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonésia]]. puseur dayeuhna aya di kacamatan [[Balige, Toba|Balige]]. Kabupatén Toba merupakeun satu ti tujuh kabupatén anu ngurilingan [[Dano Toba]], anu tayalian dano pang legana di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Kabupatén ieu diadegkeun dumasar kana Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Taun 1998 ngeunaan diadegkeunna Kabupatén Daérah Tingkat II Toba Samosir jeung [[Kabupatén Mandailing Natal]], di Propinsi Daérah Tingkat I [[Sumatera Utara]]. Kabupatén anu saméméhna mibanda ngaran '''Toba Samosir''' ieu mangrupakeun pamekaran ti daérah tingkat II [[Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér]]. Dina tanggal [[3 Maret]] [[2020]], Kabupatén Toba Samosir robah ngaranna ngajadi Kabupatén Toba dumasar kana Paraturan Pamaréntah Nomor 14 Tahun 2020 ngeunaan parobahan ngaran Kabupatén Toba Samosir ngajadi Kabupatén Toba di [[Sumatera Utara]]. == Sajarah == {{utama|Sejarah Kabupaten Toba}} === Ngadegna Kabupatén Toba Samosir === Kabupatén Toba Samosir dimekarkeun ti [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara|Kabupatén Daérah Tingkat II Tapanuli Kalér]] sabada ngaliwatan waktu anu cukup lila jeung ngaliwatan rupa-rupa prosés, dina tungtungna ngawujud jadi hiji kabupatén anyar dumasar kana Undang – Undang Nomor 12 Taun 1998 ngeunaan diadegkeuna Kabupatén DATI II Toba Samosir jeung Kabupatén DATI II Mandailing Natal di Daérah Tingkat I [[Sumatera Utara]]. Kabupatén Toba Samosir diresmikeun dina tanggal 9 [[Maret]] [[1999]] perenahna di Kantor [[Gubernur]] [[Sumatera Utara]] ku [[Menteri Dalam Negeri]] [[Syarwan Hamid]] salaku wawakil [[Presiden]] [[Republik Indonesia]] sakaligus ngaistrénan [[Sahala Tampubolon|Drs. Sahala Tampubolon]] salaku ''Penjabat'' [[Bupati]] Toba Samosir. Mangsa éta, salaku Sekretaris Daérah Kabupatén tayalian [[Parlindungan Simbolon|Drs. Parlindungan Simbolon]]. Disusul dina taun [[2000]] diayakeun pamilihan Bupati jeung Wakil Bupati Toba Samosir, kalayan hasil pamilihan, nenetepkeun [[Sahala Tampubolon|Drs. Sahala Tampubolon]] salaku Bupati jeung [[Maripul S. Manurung|Maripul S. Manurung, SH.,]] slaku wakil Bupati Toba Samosir, masa bakti 2000 – 2005, istrénan dilaksanakeun dina kaping 27 [[Juni]] 2000 di [[Balige]]. Dina ngamimitian ngadengna, [[kabupatén]] ieu diwangun ku 13 (tilu belas) [[kacamatan]], 5 (lima) kacamatan pembantu, 281 [[désa]] jeung 19 [[kalurahan]]. Lila kaliaan bari jeung lumakuna pamaréntahan di kabupatén ieu jumlah kacamatan ngarandapan parobahan lalaunan. Dina awal taun [[2002]] diadegkeun 5 [[kacamatan]] anyar anu tayalian ''pendefinitifan'' 4 (opat) kacamatan pangrojong nganjadi 4 (oppat) kacamatan définitif tur ngadegkeun deui 1 (hiji) kacamatan anyar. Kalima kacamatan ieu tayalian [[Ajibata, Toba|Kacamatan Ajibata]], [[Pintu Pohan Meranti, Toba|Kacamatan Pintu Pohan Meranti]], [[Uluan, Toba|Kacamatan Uluan]], [[Ronggur Nihuta, Samosir|Kacamatan Ronggur Nihuta]] jeung [[Borbor, Toba|Kacamatan Borbor]]. Ieu pamekaran kacamatan téh tuluy ngeureuyeuh nepika taun [[2002]], ogé ku ayana ''aspirasi'' masarakat anu cukup kuat dina nepikeun pamekaran Kacamatan ''Harian'' ngajadi dua kacamatan tayalian [[Harian, Samosir|Kacamatan Harian]] jeung [[Sitiotio, Samosir|Kacamatan Sitiotio]] salaku kacamatan pamekaran anyar. Kuatna aspirasi pikeun ngadegkeun kacamatan ieu disingareupan kalayan hadé ku Pamarintah Kabupatén Toba Samosir alatan dirojong ku bukti-bukti kaayaan di masarakat naha kaayaan géografis wilayah jeung kaayaan anu séjéna, nepika antukna Pamaréntah Kabupatén Toba Samosir netepkeun hji Kaputusan [[Bupati Toba|Bupati Toba Samosir]] ngeunaan diadegkeunna Kacamatan Sitiotio miheulaan Paraturan Daérah, sabadana meunang idin prinsip ti DPRD Kabupatén Toba Samosir dina taun 2002. Kaputusan Bupati ieu dikuatkeu ku ditetepkeuna Paraturan Daérah Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 ngeunaan diadegkeuna Kacamatan Sitiotio di Kabupatén Toba Samosir. === Kabupatén Samosir Dimekarkeun ti Kabupaten Toba Samosir === Kamekaran jeung ngadegkeun wilayah téh henteu nepi ka dieu waé, parobahan–parobahan lain beuki loba saperti ayana kahayang ngamekarkeun deui kabupatén Toba Samosir ngajadi 2 (dua) [[kabupatén]]. Aya deui ku nempo kaayaan sosial, ékonomi jeung politik anu aya mangsa kiwari. Masarakat miharep Kabupatén Toba Samosir dimekarkeun deu ngajadi Kabupatén Toba Samosir jeung [[Kabupatén Samosir]] (ngalimpudan sakabéh kacamatan anu aya di Pulo Samosir jeung sawaréh sisina [[Dano Toba]] di Daratan Pulo Sumatra palebah kulon Pulo Samosir) kalawan maksud jeung tujuan sangkan ngahangkeutkeun pangwangunan pikeun nyajajarkeun diri jaung daérah lianna. Aspirasi anu tuluy ditepikeun ku masyarakat ieu henteu nunggu waktu anu lila, antukna dina taun [[2003]] Kabupatén Toba Samosir dimekarkeun deui ngajadi Kabupatén Toba Samosir jeung [[Kabupatén Samosir]] anu diresmikeun dina kaping 7 [[Januari]] [[2004]]. Tisaprak tos diresmikeun ieu Kabupatén Samosir, wewengkon Kabupatén Toba Samosir ngurangan alatan wilayah kacamatan anu aya di Pulau Samosir jeung sabudeureuna. Sarta tikawit kaping 7 [[Januari]] 2004, Kabupatén Toba Samosir tadina 20 Kacamatan, 281 Désa sareng 19 Kalurahan ngarandapan parobahan ti kawit jumlah kacamatan, désa sareng kalurahan, jumlah pangeusi, lega wilayahna, sareng wates – wates wilayah ngajadi 11 Kacamatan 179 Désa sareng 13 Kalurahan. Sedangkan Kabupatén Samosir ayeuna aya 9 Kacamatan, 102 Désa sareng 6 Kalurahan. === Pamekaran kacamatan === Pamekaran wilayah satuluyna aya di Kacamatan Silaen kalayan medalna Kacamatan Sigumpar. Loba alesan jeung kaayaan anu mangaruhan dilaksanakeun nana pamekaran wilayah kacamatan di Kabupatén Toba Samosir, diantawisna: lega wilayahna, jarak ka puseur dayeuh Kabupatén, géografis, sarta dikaitkeun ogé jeung kaayaan anu ka tinggaleun ti daérah séjén dibarengan kuayana kahayang tur tungtutan masarakatna sorangan. Aya sababara hal anu némbongkeun kuatna aspirasi masarakat pikeun maju, antawisna katempo dina masarakat Kacamatan Borbor anu mana paménta pamekaran téh dituturkeun ku masrahkeun lahan tempat kantor-kantor jeung nyadiakeun sarana gedong kantor kacamatan anyar sacara swadaya ku masarakat. Kaayaan ieu ditempo ku pamaréntah salaku bukti kadariaan masarakat anu mikahayang wilayahna dimekarkeun ngajadi kacamatan anyar. Dina taun 2006 Pamaréntah Kabupatén Toba Samosir ngalaksanakeun pamekaran kacamatan. Anu tadina sabelas kacamatan, dimekarkeun deui jadi aya kacamatan anyar tayalian [[Tampahan, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Tampahan]] pamekaran ti [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Balige]], [[Siantar Narumonda, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Siantar Narumonda]] pamekaran ti [[Porsea, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Porsea]], sarta [[Nassau, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Nassau]] pamekaran ti [[Habinsaran, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Habinsaran]]. Dina taun 2008 ogé aya deui pamekaran kacamatan alatan gedéna aspirasi masarakat dina ngarojong pamarétahan ngalaksanakeun pangwaangunan. Aya ogé kacamatan anu dimekarkeun tayalian [[Parmaksian, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Parmaksian]] pamekaran ti [[Porsea, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Porsea]] jeung [[Bonatua Lunasi, Toba Samosir|Kecamatan Bonatua Lunasi]] pemekaran ti[[Lumban Julu, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Lumban Julu]]. Dina taun 2008 ogé geus dilaksanakeun pamekaran désa anu lobana dua puluh opat désa. === ''Pilkada'' Toba 2010 === Dina kaping 12 Méi 2010 Kabupatén Toba Samosir ngalaksanakeun pamilihan Kapala Daérah jeung Wakil Kapala Daérah pikeun ''masa jabatan'' 2010 – 2015. Dina ''Pilkada'' anu dilaksanakeun sacara [[démokratis]] anu dimeunangkeun ku pasangan [[Pandapotan Kasmin Simanjuntak]] jeung [[Liberty Pasaribu]] geus hasil meunang sora panglobana. === ''Pilkada'' Toba 2015 === Pamilihan umum Bupati Toba 2015 dilaksanakeun dina kaping [[9 Désémber]] [[2015]] pikeun milih [[Bupati]] sarta [[Wakil Bupati]] [[Kabupatén Toba Samosir|Kabupatén Toba]] période [[2015]]-[[2020]]. KPUD Kabupatén Toba sabada netepkeun tilu pasang calon Pilkada Toba taun 2015, tayalian: {| class="wikitable" !No !Pasangan calon !Pangdeudeul |- |1. |[[Darwin Siagian]] Hulman Sitorus |[[Partéy Nasional Demokrat]] (NasDem) [[Partéy Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan]] (PDIP) [[Partéy Hati Nurani Rakyat]] (Hanura) |- |2. |[[Poltak Sitorus]] [[Robinson Tampubolon]] |[[Partéy Demokrat]] [[Partéy Gerakan Indonesia Raya]] (Gerindra) [[Partéy Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia]] (PKPI) [[Partéy Kebangkitan Bangsa]] (PKB) |- |3. |[[Monang Sitorus]] [[Chrissie Sagita Hutahaean]] |Sosoranganan/''Independen'' |} ''Pilkada'' Toba tahun 2015 Dilaksanakeun sacara démokratis kalawan pasangan [[Darwin Siagian]]–Hulman Sitorus hasil meunang sora pang lobana. === Parobahan Ngaran Kabupatén Toba Samosir Menjadi Kabupatén Toba === Dina prakna ngajalankeun [[roda]] pamaréntahan, ogé dumasar kana Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Taun 2003 ngeunaan di pedalkeuna Kabupatén Samosir katut [[Kabupatén Serdang Bedagai]] di Provinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], Kabupatén Toba Samosir dimekarkeun ngajadi Kabupatén Toba Samosir jeung [[Kabupatén Samosir]]. Kabupatén Samosir wilayahna ngalimpudan sakabéh kacamatan anu perenahna di Pulo Samosir jeung sawaréh daratan Pulo Sumatra margi kitu namina dianggo Kabupatén Toba Samosir téh tos teu loyog deui sareng kedahna digentos. Kalayan tos ngadegna Kabupatén Samosir ieu, nami anu dianggo Kabupatén Toba Samosir tos teu loyog deui alatan wilayah anu diréksa ku Kabupatén Toba Samosir tos henteu ngalimpudan wilayah Kabupatén Samosir. Dina prakna, panganggoan nami Kabupatén Toba Samosir remen sok disebat ku teu tartib, jalaran nami Toba Samosir remen dihartoskeun Samosir atanapi sawangsulna.<ref name="NAMA"/> Robihna nami ieu ogé dipikahoyong alatan ngandung hartos sajarah, adat istiadat sareng ''aspirasi'' masarakat sareng Pamaréntahan Daérah Kabupatén Toba Samosir anu ngaraos peryogi ngalaksanakeun parobihan nami Kabupatén Toba Samosir janten Kabupatén Toba. Sacara ''filosofis'', parobahan nami Kabupatén Toba Samosir janten Kabupatén Toba pinuh ku niléy-niléy sajarah sareng adat istiadat masyarakat anu maneuh nganjrek di Kabupatén Toba Samosir tayalian masarakat l ti étnis Toba Holbung sareng daérah anu dianjrekan disebut daérah Toba kitu deui sakumna jalmi anu maneuh kitu deui lingkungan masarakatna di Kabupatén Toba Samosir disebatna urang Toba ''(Par Toba).'' Dina kaping 3 [[Maret]] 2020, Kabupatén Toba Samosir gentos namina janten Kabupatén Toba sareng sacara resmi disahkeun ku Presidén Républik Indonésia ngalangkungan Paraturan Pamaréntah Nomor 14 Taun 2020 ngeunaan Perobahan Nami Kabupatén Toba Samosir janten Kabupatén Toba di [[Sumatera Utara]]. kalawan dibéwarakeun ka masarakat kabupatén Toba dina kaping 9 [[Maret]] 2020, nincak waktos anu sami sareng tepung taun ka-21 kabupatén Toba.<ref name="NAMA">{{Cite news|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/nama-kabupaten-toba-samosir-berubah-jadi-toba.html|title=Nama Kabupaten Toba Samosir Berubah Jadi Toba|date=5 Maret 2020|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|accessdate=23 September 2021|editor-last=Prasetya|editor-first=Eko|first=Yan|last=Muhardiansyah|language=id|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414035855/https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/nama-kabupaten-toba-samosir-berubah-jadi-toba.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> == Géografi == [[file:Danau Toba Pagi Hari.jpg|jmpl|[[Dano Toba]] wanci isuk-isuk ditempo ti Désa [[Lumban Gaol, Balige, Toba|Lumban Gaol]], [[Balige, Toba|Balige]]]] Kabupatén Toba téh mibanda lega 2.021.80&nbsp;km²<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah|title=Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan (Permendagri No.137-2017) - Kementerian Dalam Negeri - Republik Indonesia|website=www.kemendagri.go.id|language=en|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-date=2017-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429140519/http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah|dead-url=yes}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429140519/http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah |date=2017-04-29 }}</ref> atanapi 3,19% tina lega sadayana [[Provinsi Sumatera Utara]].<ref name="TOBA1"/> Kabupatén Toba perenahna dina 2°03'–2°40' ''[[Garis Lintang|Lintang Utara]]'' sareng 98°56′–99°40′ ''[[Garis Bujur|Bujur Timur]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pardede, S. C. Y., dkk.|url=https://www.northsumatrainvest.id/data/pdf/publication/4.%20(Toba)%20Profil%20Potensi%20Kabupaten%20Toba.pdf|title=Profil Potensi Kabupaten Toba|pages=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129085955/https://www.northsumatrainvest.id/data/pdf/publication/4.%20(Toba)%20Profil%20Potensi%20Kabupaten%20Toba.pdf|archive-date=2024-01-29|accessdate=2024-08-14}}</ref> Wilayah Kabupatén Toba mangrupikeun [[dataran luhur]].<ref>{{Cite book|date=2021|url=https://dinkes.tobakab.go.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2023/05/RPJMD-FINAL-2021-2026.pdf|title=Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah Kabupate Toba Tahun 2021-2026|pages=19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129090335/https://dinkes.tobakab.go.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2023/05/RPJMD-FINAL-2021-2026.pdf|archive-date=2024-01-29|accessdate=2024-08-14}}</ref> Luhur wilayahna Kabupatén Toba antawisna 900–2.200 [[méter luhureun cai laut]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Simanullang, E. D., dkk.|date=2023|url=https://tobakab.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/7c8248262567c3d4eca514f2/kabupaten-toba-samosir-dalam-angka-2023.html|title=Kabupaten Toba Samosir Dalam Angka 2023|publisher=BPS Kabupaten Toba|pages=12|issn=2461-0038|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Topografi'' sareng ''kontur'' taneuh Kabupatén Toba rupi-rupi, ngawitan datar lémpar, landeuh, déngdek tur tarahal. Struktur taneuhna ''labil'' sareng perenahna aya wilayah lini téktonik sareng ''vulkanik''. Kumargi perenahna caket dina ''[[Garis Khatulistiwa]]'', Kabupatén Toba kalebet kana daérah anu iklimna [[tropis]]. Sapertos kabupatén sanésna di Indonésia, Kabupatén Toba ngagaduhan usum [[halodo]] sareng usum hujan. Usum halodo biasana aya dina sasih [[Januari]] dugi ka [[Juli]] sareng usum hujan ilaharna dina sasih [[Agustus]] dugi ka sasih Désémber, di antawis kadua usum ieu aya namina usum pancaroba. === Wates wilayah === Kabupatén Toba mibanda wates wilayah sapertos dihandapo ieu: {{Batas USBT | kalér=[[Kabupatén Simalungun]] | kidul=[[Kabupatén Tapanuli Utara]] | kulon=[[Kabupatén Samosir]] sareng [[Dano Toba]] | wétan=[[Kabupatén Asahan]] sareng [[Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Utara]] }} == Pamaréntahan == Wilayah administrasi Kabupatén Toba dibagi jenten 16 [[kacamatan]].<ref>{{Cite book|date=2021|url=https://tobakab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/f934c2e42633c292dd83f2a9/kabupaten-toba-dalam-angka-2021.html|title=Kabupaten Toba Dalam Angka 2021|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Toba|pages=10|issn=2461-0038|url-status=live}}</ref> Kacamatan-kacamatanna dibagi deui janten 244 désa/kalurahan, tayalian 231 désa sareng 13 kalurahan. Kacamatan [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Balige]] mangrupikeun kacamatan sareng jumlah désa/kalurahan pangseueurna, tayalian 35 désa/kalurahan. Ari kacamatan [[Tampahan, Toba Samosir|Tampahan]] mangrupikeun kacamatan kalayan jumlah désa/kalurahan anu paling sakedik, tayalian ngan 6 désa. [[Habinsaran, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Habinsaran]] mangrupikeun kacamatan kalayan wilayah anu panglegana tayalian 408,70&nbsp;km² atawa 20,21% tina sadayana lega Kabupatén Toba, samentawis [[Siantar Narumonda, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Siantar Narumonda]] mangrupikeun wilayah pang alitna nyaéta 22,19&nbsp;km² atanapi 1,10% ti sadayana lega Kabupatén Toba. [[Nassau, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Nassau]] mangrupikeun kacamatan anu paling tebih ti puseur dayeuh Kabupatén Toba tayalian jarakna kirang langkung 76 kilométer ka puser dayeuh kacamatan kecamatan. === Bupati sareng Wakil Bupati === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Toba}} Bupati Toba tayalian pamingpin anu pang luhurna di lingkungan pamarintah Kabupatén Toba. Bupati Toba tanggung jawabna ka [[Gubernur]] propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Danget ieu, [[bupati]] atanapi kapala daérah anu ngajabat di Kabupatén Toba nyaéta [[Poltak Sitorus]], sareng wakil bupati [[Tonny M. Simanjuntak]]. Aranjeuna ogé kénging dina ''[[Pemilihan umum Bupati Toba 2020]]''. Poltak Sitorus mangrupikeun bupati Toba ka-5 saatosna kabupatén ieu diadegkeun. Aranjeuna diistrénan ku gubernur [[Sumatera Utara]] [[Edy Rahmayadi]], dina kaping 26 [[Fébruari]] 2021 di [[Kota Medan]].<ref name="BUPATI">{{cite web|url=https://www.radiodelfm.co.id/hari-ini-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-toba-poltak-tony-resmi-dilantik/|title=Hari Ini Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Toba, Poltak-Tony Resmi Dilantik|date=26 Februari 2021|website=www.radiodelfm.co.id|accessdate=15 Januari 2022|archive-date=2022-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116012315/https://www.radiodelfm.co.id/hari-ini-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-toba-poltak-tony-resmi-dilantik/|dead-url=no}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116012315/https://www.radiodelfm.co.id/hari-ini-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-toba-poltak-tony-resmi-dilantik/ |date=2022-01-16 }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" !style="background: lavender;"|No !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Bupati !style="background: lavender;"|Ngawitan ngajabat !style="background: lavender;"|Lirén ngajabat !style="background: lavender;"|Prd. !style="background: lavender;"|Ket. !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Wakil Bupati |- |5 |[[File:Bupati Toba periode 2021-2024 Poltak Sitorus.jpg|100px]] |[[Poltak Sitorus]] | 27 [[Pébruari]] 2021 |''petahana'' |<small>([[Pemilihan umum Bupati Toba 2020|2020]]) |Période 1 |[[Berkas:Wakil Bupati Toba periode 2021-2024 Tonny M Simanjuntak.jpg|100px]] |Tonny M. Simanjuntak |} === Déwan Perwakilan Rakyat Daérah Kabupatén Toba === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Toba}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Toba}} === Daptar Kacamatan === {{utama|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Toba}} [[File:(Peta Wilayah) Kabupaten Toba Samosir.svg|jmpl|ka|250px|Wilayah Kacamatan di Kabupatén Toba]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ![[Kacamatan]] !!Puseur dayeuh !!Jarak puseur dayeuh Kabupatén <br/>ka puseur dayeuh Kacamatan !!Camat !!Lega (km²) / <br/>''Rasio'' Kana <br/>Lega Kabupatén !!Lobana pangeusi / <br/>Kapadatan (2015) !![[Desa]]/[[Kelurahan]] |- | [[Ajibata, Toba|Ajibata]] || [[Pardamean Ajibata, Ajibata, Toba|Pardamean Ajibata]] || 60&nbsp;km || Tigor Sirait || 72,80&nbsp;km² <small>(3,60%)</small> || 7.505 <small>(103,09 jiwa/km²)</small> || 9 / 1 |- | [[Balige, Toba|Balige]] || [[Balige, Toba|Balige]] || 1&nbsp;km || Pantun Josua Pardede || 91.05&nbsp;km² <small>(4,50%)</small> || 38.088 <small>(418,32 jiwa/km²)</small> || 29 / 6 |- | [[Bonatua Lunasi, Toba|Bonatua Lunasi]] || [[Lumban Lobu, Bonatua Lunasi, Toba|Lumban Lobu]] || 24&nbsp;km || Hulman Sitorus || 57,74&nbsp;km² <small>(2,86%)</small> || 5.195 <small>(90,58 jiwa/km²)</small> || 12 / 0 |- | [[Borbor, Toba|Borbor]] || [[Pasar Borbor, Borbor, Toba|Borbor]] || 58&nbsp;km || Sabam Pardosi<ref name="tobasamosirkab.go.id">{{Cite web |url=http://www.tobasamosirkab.go.id/sabam-pardosi-dilantik-jadi-camat-borbor/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2020-03-03 |archive-date=2021-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313212158/http://www.tobasamosirkab.go.id/sabam-pardosi-dilantik-jadi-camat-borbor/ |dead-url=yes }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313212158/http://www.tobasamosirkab.go.id/sabam-pardosi-dilantik-jadi-camat-borbor/ |date=2021-03-13 }}</ref> || 176,65&nbsp;km² <small>(8,74%)</small> || 7.035 <small>(39,82 jiwa/km²)</small> || 15 / 0 |- | [[Habinsaran, Toba|Habinsaran]] || [[Parsoburan Tengah, Habinsaran, Toba|Parsoburan Tengah]] || 52&nbsp;km || Benny Siagian || 408,70&nbsp;km² <small>(20,21%)</small> || 16.020 <small>(645,50 jiwa/km²)</small> || 21 / 1 |- | [[Laguboti, Toba|Laguboti]] || [[Pasar Laguboti, Laguboti, Toba|Laguboti]] || 7&nbsp;km || Pintor Pangaribuan || 73,90&nbsp;km² <small>(3,66%)</small> || 19.058 <small>(257,89 jiwa/km²)</small> || 22 / 1 |- | [[Lumban Julu, Toba|Lumban Julu]] || [[Pasar Lumban Julu, Lumban Julu, Toba|Lumban Julu]] || 40&nbsp;km || Alfaret Manurung || 90,90&nbsp;km² <small>(4,60%)</small> || 8.455 <small>(93,01 jiwa/km²)</small> || 12 / 0 |- | [[Nassau, Toba|Nassau]] || [[Lumban Rau Tengah, Nassau, Toba|Lumban Rau Tengah]] || 76&nbsp;km || Timbul Sipahutar<ref name="tobasamosirkab.go.id"/> || 335,50&nbsp;km² <small>(16,59%)</small> || 7.431 <small>(427,86 jiwa/km²)</small> || 10 / 0 |- | [[Parmaksian, Toba|Parmaksian]] || [[Pangombusan, Parmaksian, Toba|Pangombusan]] || 23&nbsp;km || Paiman Butarbutar || 45,98&nbsp;km² <small>(2,27%)</small> || 10.663 <small>(231,91 jiwa/km²)</small> || 11 / 0 |- | [[Pintu Pohan Meranti, Toba|Pintu Pohan Meranti]] || [[Pintu Pohan, Pintu Pohan Meranti, Toba|Pintu Pohan]] || 39&nbsp;km || Gibson Sinaga || 277,27&nbsp;km² <small>(13,71%)</small> || 7.280 <small>(252,28 jiwa/km²)</small> || 7 / 0 |- | [[Porsea, Toba|Porsea]] || [[Porsea, Toba|Porsea]] || 19&nbsp;km || Elister Manurung || 37,88&nbsp;km² <small>(1,83%)</small> || 13.895 <small>(366,82 jiwa/km²)</small> || 14 / 3 |- | [[Siantar Narumonda, Toba|Siantar Narumonda]] || [[Narumonda I, Siantar Narumonda, Toba|Siantar Narumonda I]] || 16&nbsp;km || Lahsa J. Simanullang || 22,19&nbsp;km² <small>(1,10%)</small> || 5.928 <small>(267,15 jiwa/km²)</small> || 14 / 0 |- | [[Sigumpar, Toba|Sigumpar]] || [[Sigumpar Dangsina, Sigumpar, Toba|Sigumpar Dangsina]] || 11&nbsp;km || Jaga Situmorang || 25,20&nbsp;km² <small>(1,25%)</small> || 7.700 <small>(305,56 jiwa/km²)</small> || 9 / 1 |- | [[Silaen, Toba|Silaen]] || [[Silaen, Silaen, Toba|Silaen]] || 15&nbsp;km || Rajiun Tampubolon|| 172,58&nbsp;km² <small>(8,54%)</small> || 12.546 <small>(72,70 jiwa/km²)</small> || 23 / 0 |- | [[Tampahan, Toba|Tampahan]] || [[Gurgur Aek Raja, Tampahan, Toba|Gurgur Aek Raja]] || 10&nbsp;km || Freddy A. Panjaitan || 24,45&nbsp;km² <small>(1,21%)</small> || 4.458 <small>(182,33 jiwa/km²)</small> || 6 / 0 |- | [[Uluan, Toba|Uluan]] || [[Lumban Binanga, Uluan, Toba|Lumban Binanga]] || 24&nbsp;km || Robert Manurung || 109,00&nbsp;km² <small>(5,39%)</small> || 8.325 <small>(76,38 jiwa/km²)</small> || 17 / 0 |} == Lambang == [[File:Lambang Kabupaten Toba Samosir.jpeg|jmpl|Lambang kapungkur, nalika namina masih Toba Samosir]] * '''Lambang Wujudna Lonyod''' kalayan sagagang [[kapas]] di palih tengen seueurna 17 kantong sareng di paling kiwa sagagang [[padé]] anu seueurna 45 siki ngagambarkeun kaping dareng taun anu ngandung sajarah, tayalian [[Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia|Proklamasi Kamerdékaan Républik Indonésia]] ogé ngagambarkeun tujuan geusan ngajantenkeun masarakat adil sareng makmur dumasar kana [[Pancasila]]. * '''Buleud Lonyod beureum sareng Bodas''' dibagidua kagigir galambangkeun [[bandéra]] [[Indonesia|Nagara Kasatuan Républik Indonésia]] * '''Gada Lima Juru''' ngalambangkeun [[Pancasila]] dasar nagara [[Indonesia|Républik Indonésia]] * '''Imah Adat''' ngalambangkeun yén Kabupatén Toba mangrupikeun hiji rumah tangga atanapi hiji daérah ''otonom'' anu ngagaduhan ''otonom'' atanpi hak sareng kewajiban kanggo ngatur sareng ngurus rumah tanggana nyalira luyu sareng Paraturan parundangan anu lumaku. Imah ieu mibanda ciri-ciri sapetos dihandap ieu: ** '''Tihang Kénca Katuhu''' anu ngagambarkeun yén ngadegna Kabupatén Toba ditetepkeun dumasar Undang-Undang nomor 12 Taun [[1998]], panetéan jumlahna lima tingkatan, tilu tihang sareng salambar [[ulos]], anu melengkung rarawisan salapan di kénca sareng di katuhu sisi handap némbongkeun yén Kabupatén Toba diresmikeun dina kaping 9 [[Maret]] [[1999]] ku ''[[Daftar Menteri Dalam Negeri Indonesia|Menteri Dalam Negeri]]'' atas nami [[Presiden Indonesia|Presidén Républik Indonésia]] anu tempatna di Kantor Gubernur [[Sumatera Utara]] di [[kota Medan|Medan]]. ** '''''Ransang''''' (tihang) diwangun ku tilu jalur ngalambangkeun sistem sadudulur [[Dalihan Na Tolu]] salaku salah sahiji ''filosofi'' dina budaya adat [[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] sareng sacara kasuluruhan struktur imah adat Batak ngalambangkeun norma-norma kahirupan masarakat Batak sareng anu peryogi pikeun salawasna diriksa, dipiara, dilestarikeun sareng dimekarkeun luyu sareng kamajuan élmu sareng téknologi. * '''Imah Adat dilebet Perisai Juru Lima''' dipengkerna aya lukisan – lukisan [[Pegunungan Bukit Barisan|Bukit Barisan]], [[Dano Toba]] sareng [[Pulau Samosir]] ngagambarkeun yén di wilayah Kabupatén Toba mibanda rupi-rupi poténsi alam anu tiasa dikokolakeun kanggo kamakmuran masarakat. * '''''Piso Halasan''''' ngagambarkeun yén Kabupaten Toba téh kalebet lokasi parjoangan sareng Tempat Makam Pahlawan Nasional [[Sisingamangaraja XII|Raja Sisingamangaraja XII]]. * '''Leuweung sareng Lahan Héjo''' ngagambarkeun aréa tatanén anu subur. * '''''Tungkot Balehat Raja''''' ngagambarkeun yén masarakat Toba salamina mikahoyong pamingpin anu wijaksana tur pinuh wibawa. * '''''Pustaha sareng Sipun''''' ngalambangkeun harepan pikeun ngawujudkeun [[sumber daya manusia]] anu luhur ajén ngalangkunga atikan salaku wujud tina salah sahiji ''filosofi'' masarakat Batak Toba, nyaéta ''Anakhonhi do Hamoraon di Au.'' * '''Bendungan sareng Busur/Curug''' éta poténsi alam anu tos diolah sareng siap pikeun dimekarkeun janten industri anu ''tepat guna''. * '''Pita''' tempat tulisan Toba kelirna konéng ngalambangkeun masyarakat Toba anu salawasna gedé harepan geusan jadi masarakat adil jeung makmur. * '''Motto (semboyan)''' Kabupatén Toba dina ''[[Basa Batak Toba]]'' disebat '''''Tampakna do rantosna, rim ni tahi do gogona.''''' Anu pihartoseunna. Kalayan persatuan sareng kasatuan anu didadasaran ku rasa gotong royong silih asah silih asih silih asuh, naon waé anu jadi harepan tangtu tinekanan. == Sosial budaya == Upami ninggali ''[[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia]]'' (IPM) ti 33 kabupatén/kota di [[Sumatera Utara]] taun [[2013]], Kabupatén Toba aya di nomer 5 kalayan indéksna 77,49 ''(level menengah atas).'' [[Kota Pematangsiantar]] aya di no 1 kalayan indéks saageung 78.62 persén (BPS Sumatera Utara, 2014) === Étnis === [[File:Rumah Batak - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|250px|ka|[[Ruma Bolon]], imah tradisional masarakat [[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]]]] [[File:Halak_Batak.jpg|jmpl|ka|250px|Raksukan tradisional [[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], pangeusi asli Kabupatén Toba]] Étnis asli anu nganjrek di Kabupatén Toba seuseueurna étnis [[Batak Toba]]. Salajengna, ada juga etnis Batak sanés anu nyalikan ieu kabupatén, tayalian [[Suku Simalungun|Batak Simalungun]], [[Suku Pakpak|Batak Pakpak]], [[Suku Angkola|Batak Angkola]], [[Suku Karo|Batak Karo]], sareng [[Suku Mandailing|Batak Mandailing]], ogé étnis sanésna sapertos [[Suku Nias|Nias]], [[Suku Melayu|Malayu]] sareng anu sanésna. Aya ogé étnis anu mumbara ti luar Sumatera Utara sapertos [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]], [[Orang Minangkabau|Minangkabau]], sareng [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]]. Marga Batak anu nyalikan Kabupatén Toba téh rupi-rupi, ngan tiasa digolongkeun kana sababaraha kumpulan, kayaning: * Marga rundayan ti [[Si Raja Borbor]] ([[Lubis]], [[Pasaribu]], [[Sipahutar]], [[Tanjung]]) nyalikan wewengkon wétan ([[Borbor, Toba|Kecamatan Borbor]], [[Laguboti, Toba|Laguboti]], [[Habinsaran, Toba|Habinsaran]], sareng [[Nassau, Toba|Nassau]]) * Marga rundayan ti [[Nai Rasaon]] ([[Butarbutar]], [[Manurung]], [[Sirait]], sareng [[Sitorus]]) nyalikan wewengkon kalér ([[Ajibata, Toba|Kacamatan Ajibata]], [[Lumban Julu, Toba|Lumban Julu]], [[Porsea, Toba|Porsea]], [[Parmaksian, Toba|Parmaksian]], sareng [[Uluan, Toba|Uluan]]) * Marga rundayan ti [[Sibagot ni Pohan]] ([[Tampubolon]], [[Baringbing]], [[Silaen]], [[Siahaan]], [[Simanjuntak]], [[Hutagaol]], [[Panjaitan]], [[Siagian]], [[Pardosi]], [[Sianipar]], [[Simangunsong]], [[Marpaung]], [[Napitupulu]], sareng [[Pardede]]) nyalikan wewengkon kidul ([[Balige, Toba|Kacamatan Balige]], [[Habinsaran, Toba|Habinsaran]], [[Siantar Narumonda, Toba|Siantar Narumonda]], [[Sigumpar, Toba|Sigumpar]], [[Silaen, Toba|Silaen]], [[Tampahan, Toba|Tampahan]]) * Marga Rundayan ti [[Silahisabungan|Silahi Sabungan]] ([[Silalahi]] sareng [[Tambun]]/[[Tambunan]]) nyalikan wewengkon kalér ([[Balige, Toba|Kecamatan Balige]]) * Marga rundayan ti [[Sipaet Tua|Si Paet Tua]] ([[Aruan]], [[Hutahaean]], [[Hutajulu]], [[Hutapea]], [[Pangaribuan]], [[Sibarani]], [[Sibuea]]) nyalikan wewenkon kidul ([[Laguboti, Toba|Kacamatan Laguboti]] sareng [[Silaen, Toba|Silaen]]) === Ageman=== [[File:Balige church.JPG|jmpl|250px|ka|Hiji gareja [[HKBP]] di [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Balige]]]] Kalolobaan pangeusi Kabupatén Toba muhit ageman [[Kristen]] tayalian 93,10% kalawan panglobana muhit Kristen [[Protestanisme|Protéstan]], 85,75% jeung [[Katolik]] 7,35%. Dina ka umumna ageman Kristen dipuhit ku étnis Batak ([[Suku Batak Toba|Toba]], [[Suku Batak Simalungun|Simalungun]], sareng [[Suku Batak Karo|Karo]]). Sedengkeun ageman [[Islam]] lobana 5,92% anu dina umumna dipuhit ku étnis Batak ([[suku Batak Toba|Toba]], [[Suku Batak Angkola|Angkola]] sareng [[Suku Batak Mandailing|Mandailing]]), [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]] dan [[Orang Minangkabau|Minangkabau]], Ada juga agama asli Batak toba sorangan tayalian [[Parmalim]] aya kana 0,95%, Katurunan Tionghoa anu nganjrek di Kabupatén Toba dina umumna muhit ageman [[Budha]] kurang leuwih 0,03%. Anu ngagem ageman [[Hindu]] sareng [[Konghucu]] panh saeutikna, kurang ti 0,01%, atawa kurang leuwih 9 jiwa ti sakabéh populasi.<ref name="AGAMA">{{cite web|url=https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/statictable/2021/07/28/423/jumlah-umat-beragama-menurut-jenis-kelamin-di-kabupaten-toba-2018-2020.html|title=Jumlah Umat Beragama Menurut Jenis Kelamin di Kabupaten Toba 2020|website=www.tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id|accessdate=28 Oktober 2021|archive-date=2021-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028085950/https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/statictable/2021/07/28/423/jumlah-umat-beragama-menurut-jenis-kelamin-di-kabupaten-toba-2018-2020.html|dead-url=no}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028085950/https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/statictable/2021/07/28/423/jumlah-umat-beragama-menurut-jenis-kelamin-di-kabupaten-toba-2018-2020.html |date=2021-10-28 }}</ref> Gereja [[HKBP]] jeung Kabupatén Toba mibanda hubungan anu raket naha dina mekarkeun HKBP kitu deui ngamekarkeun wewengkon Toba sorangan. Mayoritas warga Kabupatén Toba anu agemanna Kristen Protestan mangrupa anggota Gereja HKBP. Dina sajarahna, [[Misioner]] jeung HKBP Ephorus munggaran [[Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen]] cicing di [[Sigumpar, Toba Samosir|Sigumpar]] mangtaun-taun bari nyebarkeun agama Kristen nepi ka ahir hirupna, dimana Nommensen ogé dikurebkeun di Sigumpar. misionaris Kristen teu ngan ngawanohkeun agama ka urang Toba, tapi ogé kamajuan jeung karaharjaan ngaliwatan ngaronjatkeun atikan jeung kaséhatan. Panyebaran agama Kristen beuki gancang ngaliwatan HKBP di Tanah Batak hususna wewengkon Toba, aksés kana atikan ogé jadi leuwih gampang pikeun dihontal ku masarakat ngaliwatan pangwangunan fasilitas atikan anu diwangun ku HKBP sorangan, ku kituna nepi ka kiwari masih kénéh aya. biasa manggihan wangunan Garéja di wewengkon Toba samping jeung wangunan lianna. Samentara éta, tina sudut pandang kaséhatan, [[Rumah Sakit HKBP Balige]] nyaéta kontribusi Garéja HKBP pikeun ngaronjatkeun kaséhatan masarakat di Toba. Agama tradisional [[Suku Batak Toba]] nyaéta [[Parmalim]] dianut ku sababaraha urang Batak anu museur di [[Pardomuan Nauli, Laguboti, Toba Samosir|Huta Tinggi]], [[Laguboti, Toba Samosir|Kacamatan Laguboti. ]]. Data ti [[Badan Pusat Statistik]] (BPS) Kabupatén Toba taun 2020 kacatet jumlah panganut Parmalim aya 2.030 urang (0,95%).<ref name="AGAMA"/> ==== Sarana Ibadah ==== Jumlah tempat ibadah nurutkeun jinis tempat ibadah di Kabupatén Toba nyaéta:<ref name="TOBA1"/> {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" |- !![[Kacamatan]] !! [[Masjid]] !! [[Langgar]] !! [[Gereja|Gereja Protestan]] !! [[Gereja|Gereja Katolik]] !! [[Ugamo Malim|Bale Parsantian]]!! [[Wihara|Wihara/Kuil]] |- | [[Ajibata, Toba|Ajibata]] || || || 14 || 7 || 1|| |- | [[Balige, Toba|Balige]] || 4 || 3 || 45 || 3 || || |- | [[Bonatua Lunasi, Toba|Bonatua Lunasi]] || 3 || || 11 || || || |- | [[Borbor, Toba|Borbor]] || || 1 || 38 || 1 || || |- | [[Habinsaran, Toba|Habinsaran]] || 2 || || 83 || 13 || || |- | [[Laguboti, Toba|Laguboti]] || 1 || 1|| 32 || 3 || 1|| |- | [[Lumban Julu, Toba|Lumban Julu]] || 1 || || 31 || 4 || || |- | [[Nassau, Toba|Nassau]] || 5 || || 39 || 12 || || |- | [[Parmaksian, Toba|Parmaksian]] || 4 || 1 || 17 || 1 || || |- | [[Pintu Pohan Meranti, Toba|Pintu Pohan Meranti]] || 5 || 5|| 19 || 3 || || |- | [[Porsea, Toba|Porsea]] || 2 || 3 || 31 || 2 || 2|| |- | [[Siantar Narumonda, Toba|Siantar Narumonda]] || 2|| || 17 || 2 || || |- | [[Sigumpar, Toba|Sigumpar]] || || || 22 || || || |- | [[Silaen, Toba|Silaen]] || || 1|| 46 || 9 || || |- | [[Tampahan, Toba|Tampahan]] || || || 5 || 1 || || |- | [[Uluan, Toba|Uluan]] || || || 34 || 6 || 4|| |- !Jumlah !! 29 !! 15 !! 484 !! 67 !! 8!! |} == Atikan == {| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em;" ! colspan="2" |'''Sarana Atikan di Kabupatén Toba (2016)''' |- style="background-color:#cfc;" ! Jenjang Pendidikan ! Jumlah |----- | [[Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini|PAUD]] || align="right" | 158 |----- | [[Sekolah dasar|SD]]/[[Madrasah ibtidaiah|MI]]/[[Pendidikan luar biasa|SLB]]|| align="right" | 228 |----- | [[Sekolah menengah pertama|SMP]]/[[Madrasah sanawiah|MTs]]|| align="right" | 51 |----- | [[Sekolah menengah atas|SMA]]/[[Madrasah aliah|MA]]|| align="right" | 15 |----- | [[Sekolah menengah kejuruan|SMK]]|| align="right" | 19 |- | colspan="2" | <small>Sumber: Jumlah Sakola Numutkeun Tingkat Atikan sareng Kacamatan<ref name="ReferenceA">Kabupatén Toba Samosir dina angka taun 2017</ref></small> |} Tina data BPS Toba, proséntase [[literasi]] di Kabupatén Toba taun 2013 nyaéta 98,57 peresén. Dibandingkeun jeung kacamatan séjénna di [[Sumatera Utara|Propinsi Sumatera Utara]], warga Toba geus lila sakola, indikator ieu ditunjukkeun ku rata-rata lila sakolana 9,89 taun, hartina rata-rata geus tamat atikan nepi ka [ [sakola menengah] tingkat luhur|sma]]. Ieu nunjukkeun yén masarakat Toba sadar kana pentingna atikan. Kabupatén Toba mibanda pasilitas atikan anu cukup hadéa, Dina taun 2017, Kabupatén Toba miboga tujuh paguron luhur tingkat akademi anu sumebar di Kacamatan Balige, Laguboti jeung Silaén. Jumlah mahasiswa kacatet 1.397 urang kalawan 152 dosén. Kasadiaan fasilitas pendidikan anu unggul sapertos [[SMA Negeri 1 Balige]], [[SMA Negeri 2 Balige]], [[SMA Unggul Del Toba Samosir|SMA Unggul Del]] sareng [[Politeknik Informatika Del|Institut Teknologi Del]] di [[Laguboti, Toba Samosir|Laguboti]] ogé ngarojong aksés ka atikan alus di Kabupatén Toba. == Kaséhatan == Kasadiaan sarana jeung prasarana kaséhatan anu dirojong ku kanyamanan jeung kabébasan palayanan kaséhatan ka masarakat lega mangrupa salasahiji pilar pangwangunan dina widang kaséhatan Pamaréntah Kabupatén Toba. Ku ayana sarana jeung prasarana kaséhatan dina wangun [[Rumah Sakit]], [[Puskesmas|Puskesmas]], [[Polindes]], [[Pos Pelayanan Terpadu|Posyandu]], apoték, jrrd. mangrupa sarana pikeun ngaronjatkeun jeung ngarojong kualitas kahirupan masarakat. Kabupaten Toba miboga 50 unit sarana kaséhatan nu diwangun ku: 3 unit [[Rumah Sakit]], aya di Kacamatan [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Balige]], [[Laguboti, Toba Samosir|Laguboti]], jeung [[Porsea, Toba Samosir|Porsea]] 1 unit [[Rumah Sakit]] [[Kusta]], aya di Kacamatan [[Laguboti, Toba Samosir|Laguboti]] 19 unit [[Puskesmas]], nyebar rata di unggal kacamatan 32 unit [[Puskesmas Pembantu]] (pustu), nyebar rata di unggal kacamatan 82 unit [[Polindes]], nyebar rata di unggal kacamatan 275 unit [[Posyandu]], nyebar rata di unggal kacamatan === Rumah sakit === {{utama|Daftar rumah sakit di Kabupaten Toba}} {{:Daftar rumah sakit di Kabupaten Toba}} == Ékonomi == Numutkeun Statistik Daérah Toba taun [[2014]], salila 3 taun panungtungan [[pertumbuhan ekonomi]] di Toba sok positip. [[Produk domestik regional bruto|PDRB]] Perkapita téh nyaéta [[Produk domestik regional bruto|PDRB]] (dumasar harga nu berlaku) dibagi ku jumlah penduduk pertengahan taun. Taun [[2013]] besarna [[Produk domestik regional bruto|PDRB]] Perkapita Kabupatén Toba ngahontal Rp. 28,24 juta kalayan laju ningkatna 12,36 persen dibandingkeun jeung PDRB Perkapita taun 2012 nu sakitar Rp. 25,13 juta. Besarna [[Produk domestik regional bruto|PDRB]] perkapita Kabupatén Toba taun 2013 nyicingan urutan ka-7 ti 33 Kabupatén/Kota di [[Sumatera Utara]] saenggeus [[Kabupaten Batu Bara|Batubara]], [[kota Medan|Medan]], [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang|Deli Serdang]], [[Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan|Labuhan Batu Selatan]], [[Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara|Labuhan Batu Utara]], jeung [[Kota Binjai|Binjai]]. PDRB Kabupatén Toba nyumbang sakitar 1,24 persén kana kabentukna [[Produk domestik regional bruto|PDRB]] [[Sumatera Utara]] taun 2013 === Tatanén=== [[file:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Omwerken van de grond met stokken Toba Bataklanden TMnr 10011101.jpg|jmpl|Patani di Toba]] Sakabéhna warga Kabupatén Toba ngantungkeun kahirupanana ka séktor [[tatanén]]. Ieu téh bisa katémbong tina lega wewengkon lahan pertanian, utamana lahan [[Sawah|persawahan]]. [[Pertanian]] jadi séktor anu jadi andalan pikeun Kabupatén Toba dina ngagerakkeun ékonomi daérah. Taun 2016 séktor ieu méré kontribusi anu kacukupan gedé dina kabentukna [[Produk domestik regional bruto|PDRB]] Kabupatén Toba, nyaéta sakitar 34,93 persén tina total [[Produk domestik regional bruto|PDRB]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Kabupatén Toba téh salah sahiji daérah panggedéna nu ngahasilkeun [[paré]] jeung [[jagong]] di [[Sumatera Utara]]. Upami dibandingkeun jeung kabupatén séjén, produksi paré di Toba ngahontal 3,81 persén tina sakabéh produksi paré di Sumatera Utara sarta aya dina réngking ka-dalapan. Sajaba ti paré jeung jagong, hasil tatanén di Kabupatén Toba ogé kaasup [[cabé]], [[bawang beureum]], [[bawang bodas]], [[bawang daun]], [[sampeu]], [[andaliman]], [[suuk]], sayur mayur, jeung sajabana. Ogé, pikeun buah-buahan, anu cukup poténsial di Kabupatén Toba nyaéta buah [[buah]], [[alpuket]], [[durén]], [[cau]], [[jeruk]], jeung [[danas]]. === Perkebunan === Tatanén [[perkebunan]] lolobana diurus sorangan ku masarakat. Tatanén perkebunan nu diurus ku perusahaan perkebunan masih kénéh saeutik. [[Kopi]] téh komoditi andalan tatanén perkebunan rakyat nu miboga prospék anu hadé. Lamun urang tingali tina lega taneuh anu dipelakan, tatanén kopi téh tatanén perkebunan rakyat nu lega taneuhna panglobana dibandingkeun jeung tatanén perkebunan séjénna. Lega taneuh tatanén kopi taun 2016 sakitar 3.558,83 Ha. Lain kawas tatanén perkebunan rakyat séjénna, tatanén kopi nyebar di sakabéh kacamatan, [[Habinsaran, Toba Samosir|Kecamatan Habinsaran]] téh daérah nu miboga wewengkon tatanén kopi panglega dibandingkeun jeung kacamatan séjénna di Kabupatén Toba. Sajaba ti kopi, komoditi perkebunan séjénna nyaéta [[karét]], [[menyan]], [[cengkéh]], jeung [[kawung]]. === Peternakan === Usaha ingon-ingon lolobana ogé diurus jeung diusahakeun ku masarakat salaku usaha di imah. Sato ingon patani bisa digolongkeun jadi ingon patani badag, ingon patani alit, jeung [[unggas]]. Hewan patani badag kaasup [[sapi]], [[kerbau]] jeung [[kuda]]. Hewan patani alit kaasup kembing, [[domba]] jeung [[babi]]. Sedengkeun unggas kaasup hayam jeung [[meri]]. === Perikanan === Usaha perikanan lolobana ogé diurus salaku usaha di [[imah]], boh pikeun ngabudidayakan boh pikeun ngala lauk. Budidaya lauk dilakukeun di [[balong]], [[sawah]], jaring apung, kolam [[cai]] palid, jeung ngabinihkeun, sedengkeun usaha ngala lauk dilakukeun di [[situ]], [[walungan]], jeung [[rawa]]. Produksi lauk Kabupatén Toba numutkeun BPS Toba taun 2013 sakitar 11.174,6 ton anu diwangun ku 1.052,9 ton hasil ngala jeung 10.121,7 ton hasil budidaya. Hasil tina komoditi perikanan nyaéta [[lauk emas]], [[lauk nila]], [[lauk mujaér]], [[lélé]], [[gabus]], jeung lauk [[pora-pora]]. === Kahutanan === Hasil leuweung anu pang lobana dihasilkeun tayalian kai eucalyptus jeung pulp. Jumlahnya masing-masing nepi ka 37.228,42 ton sarta178.676,11 méter kubik. Salian éta, leuweung di daérah ieu ogé ngahasilkeun [[suluh]], [[hoe]], sarta [[geutah]] tusam. === Dagang=== [[File:Pasar Balige.jpeg|jmpl|Pasar Balige, anu remen disebut ''Balerong Onan Balige'']] Jumlah pasar di Kabupatén Toba téh aya di ampir sakabéh kacamatan, iwal ti Kacamatan Tampahan jeung Siantar Narumonda. Masing-masing pasar ogé miboga dinten pasar anu béda-béda. Jumlah pasar di Kabupatén Toba aya 13 pasar jeung 354 kios anu dipaké ku para dagang pikeun ngajualan. ==== Tempat-tempat dagang di Kabupatén Toba ==== {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" |- ![[Kecamatan]] !! Lokasi !! Hari Pekan |- | [[Ajibata, Toba|Ajibata]] || Ajibata || Sabtu |- | [[Balige, Toba|Balige]] || Balige || Jumat |- | [[Bonatua Lunasi, Toba|Bonatua Lunasi]] || [[Lumban Lobu, Bonatua Lunasi, Toba|Lumban Lobu]] || Sabtu |- | [[Borbor, Toba|Borbor]] || [[Pasar Borbor, Borbor, Toba|Pasar Borbor]] || Sabtu |- | [[Habinsaran, Toba|Habinsaran]] || Parsoburan || Selasa |- | [[Laguboti, Toba|Laguboti]] || [[Pasar Laguboti, Laguboti, Toba|Pasar Laguboti]] || Senin |- | [[Lumban Julu, Toba|Lumban Julu]] || [[Pasar Lumban Julu, Lumban Julu, Toba|Pasar Lumban Julu]] || Jumat |- | [[Nassau, Toba|Nassau]] || Nassau || Jumat |- | [[Parmaksian, Toba|Parmaksian]] || [[Pangombusan, Parmaksian, Toba|Pangombusan]] || Sabtu |- | [[Pintu Pohan Meranti, Toba|Pintu Pohan Meranti]] || [[Pintu Pohan, Pintu Pohan Meranti, Toba|Pintu Pohan]] || Kamis |- | [[Porsea, Toba|Porsea]] || [[Pasar Porsea, Porsea, Toba|Pasar Porsea]] || Rabu |- | [[Siantar Narumonda, Toba|Siantar Narumonda]] ||–||– |- | [[Sigumpar, Toba|Sigumpar]] ||–||– |- | [[Silaen, Toba|Silaen]] || Silaen || Kamis |- | [[Tampahan, Toba|Tampahan]] ||–||– |- | [[Uluan, Toba|Uluan]] || Uluan || Sabtu |} === Industri === Jumlah usaha industri alit di Kabupatén Toba taun 2016 aya 814 usaha jeung jumlah pagawé anu katarik aya 1.534 urang. Ti jumlah usaha éta, industri sandang jeung kulit nyaéta industri alit kalawan jumlah usaha nu panglobana, nyaéta: 514 usaha (63,14 persén) jeung pagawé sakitar 860 urang. Numutkeun kacamatan, industri sandang jeung kulit nu panglobana aya di Kacamatan Uluan kalawan 219 usaha jeung 219 pagawé sarta Tampahan kalawan 75 usaha jeung 75 pagawé. Industri pangan nyekel rangking kadua panglobana saatos industri sandang jeung kulit kalawan 108 usaha jeung 250 pagawe. Industri ieu panglobana kapanggih di Kacamatan [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Balige]] kalawan 25 usaha anu narik 50 urang pagawé sarta [[Habinsaran, Toba Samosir|Kecamatan Habinsaran]] kalawan 10 usaha jeung 38 pagawé. PLTA Asahan I anu dioperasikan ku [[Inalum|PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium]] (Inalum), jeung perusahaan pulp PT Toba Pulp Lestari (TPL) aya di kabupatén ieu. == Sarana jeung prasarana == {{Pie chart | caption=Kaayaan jalan di Kabupatén Toba (2016) | label1 = Alus | value1 = 29 | label2 = Sedang | value2 = 10 | label3 = Ruksak | value3 = 14 | label4 = Ruksak pisan | value4 = 47 }} === Listrik jeung cai nginum === [[Cai]] anu bersih téh mangrupakeun kabutuhan anu kacida pentingna pikeun kahirupan manusa. Kabutuhan kana cai bersih utamana pikeun kaperluan nginum. Nepi ka taun 2016 ngan aya genep kacamatan di Kabupatén Toba anu tiasa ngarasakeun cai bersih anu dikkokolakeunku [[Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum|PDAM]] Tirtanadi Cabang Toba anu nyebar di 49 désa/kalurahan kalawan jumlah palanggan sakitar 5.913 jalma. Ka genep kacamatan éta nyaéta Kacamatan [[Balige, Toba|Balige]], [[Laguboti, Toba|Laguboti]], [[Porsea, Toba|Porsea]], [[Pintu Pohan Meranti, Toba|Pintu Pohan Meranti]], [[Ajibata, Toba|Ajibata]], jeung [[Parmaksian, Toba|Parmaksian]]. === Transportasi === [[File :Ferry Port in Ajibata, Toba Samosir (2).JPG|jmpl|ki|Darmaga Ajibata]] Jalan di Kabupatén Toba dina taun 2016 aya kana 1.006,49&nbsp;km anu kabagi ku jalan nagara panjangna 60,89 Km, jalan propinsi panjang 199,50 Km sarta jalan Kabupatén panjangna 746,10 Km. Kacamatan [[Habinsaran, Toba|Habinsaran]] mangrupakeun kacamatan anu mibanda jalan pangpanjangna kurang leuwih 15,36% sarta kecamatan Ajibata merupakan kacamatan anu mibanda jalan pangpondokna kurang leuwih 1,53% tina total jalan di Kabupatén Toba. Perairan Danau Toba ogé boga fungsi minangka prasarana transportasi [[cai]] anu ngahubungkeun wewengkon, utamana ngahubungkeun Pulo [[Pulo Samosir|Samosir]] jeung wewengkon Toba. Darmaga Ajibata anu mangrupa darmaga pangsibukna, kalawan jumlah kapal penumpang jeung kapal barang anu datang ka darmaga dina taun 2016 ngahontal 6.956 kapal, 196.069 panumpang jeung 3.910,4 ton barang masing-masing. == Pariwisata == [[File:Tarabunga Balige Toba - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|ki||Hotél Tiara Bunga di [[Balige, Toba|Balige]]]] Dirojong ku sumber daya alam jeung kaéndahan Dano Toba, séktor pariwisata mangrupa séktor poténsial anu bisa jadi andelan di Kabupatén Toba. Jumlah wisatawan nu datang ka Kabupatén Toba dina taun 2015 nya éta 114.594 wisatawan; diantarana ku 11.828 wisatawan asing jeung 102.766 wisatawan doméstik. Jumlah hotél di Kabupatén Toba dina taun 2016 aya 26 hotél, kalayan 591 kamar. Sawatara tempat wisata anu kasohor di Kabupatén Toba Somasir nyaéta, Basisir Bul-Bul, Curug Natumika & Sampuran Harimau, Curug Siboruon, Bukit Tarabunga, Museum Batak Tb Silalahi Center, Curug Simanimbo, Pantai Pasifik Porsea jeung sajabana. == Inohong == Sababaraha inohong pituin ti Kabupatén Toba, tayalian: * [[Sisingamangaraja XII]], Pahlawan Nasional * [[D.I. Pandjaitan|D.I Pandjaitan]], Pahlawan Révolusi * [[Pahala Tambunan|E.W.P Tambunan]], pangsiun Gubernur Sumatera Utara * [[Luhut Binsar Panjaitan]], inohong militér , menteri * [[T.B. Silalahi]], tokoh militér, menteri * Midian Sirait, akademisi, profesor jeung guru besar [[ITB]], mantan Dirjen POM * [[Hotman Paris Hutapea]], pengacara * [[Raden Pardede]], ahli ékonomi, Direktur Utama Perusahaan Pengelola Aset Negara * [[D.L. Sitorus]], pangusaha * [[Rudolf Pardede]], pangsiun Gubernur Sumatera Utara * [[Tumpal Dorianus Pardede]], pangusaha * [[Donny Fernando Siregar]], pamain méngbal * [[Pande Radja Silalahi]], ahli ékonomi * [[Duma Riris Silalahi]], artis * [[Monang Sitorus]], Bupati Toba ke-2 * [[Darwin Siagian]], Bupati Toba ke-4 == Tempo ogé == * [[Gareja Suku Batak Toba]] * [[Daptar marga Suku Batak]] * [[Dano Toba]] == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|2}} == Tutumbu ka luar == * [https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2017/08/11/2978b5791eb8504c5b7a4de8/kabupaten-toba-samosir-dalam-angka-2017.html Kabupaten Toba Samosir Dalam Angka 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717052146/https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2017/08/11/2978b5791eb8504c5b7a4de8/kabupaten-toba-samosir-dalam-angka-2017.html |date=2021-07-17 }} * [https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2017/01/01/4fedc194129419948a8afe9a/statistik-daerah-kabupaten-toba-samosir-2017.html Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Toba Samosir 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717052149/https://tobasamosirkab.bps.go.id/publication/2017/01/01/4fedc194129419948a8afe9a/statistik-daerah-kabupaten-toba-samosir-2017.html |date=2021-07-17 }} {{Kabupaten Toba Samosir}} {{Sumut}} {{Mayoritas Kristen Indonesia}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Toba Samosir, Kabupaten}} [[Kategori:Kota di Indonésia| ]] [[Kategori:Babagian administratif di Indonésia]] e2xzq2uk1kleatfn0onslyko1m3eh90 Mahsa Amini 0 106018 729219 710066 2026-09-26T16:57:56Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729219 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Jina Mahsa Amini Graffitipice.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Ilustrasi Mahsa Amini di Frankfurt]] Dina 16 Séptémber 2022, saurang wanoja Iran umurna 22 taun namina [[Mahsa Amini]] (nalika Persia: مهسا امینی), ogé dipikawanoh minangka Jina Amini atawa Zhina Amini (nalika [[Iran|Persia]]: ژینا امینی; nalika Kurdi: ژینا ئەمینی, Jîna Emînî), nilar di hiji rumah sakit di Teheran, [[Iran]], dina kaayaan anu matak curiga. [[:id:Patroli_Bimbingan|Patroli Bimbingan]], pulisi moral ageman pamaréntah Iran, nyérék Amini margi henteu maké hijab luyu kalawan standar pamaréntah nyaéta logor teuing ku kituna nempokeun sapalih buukna. Pulisi sanggeus mindahkeun na ka rumah sakit ngomong anjeunna ngalaman serangan jantung di kantor pulisi, kapidara, sarta koma. Saksi nu nyaksian, kaasup wanoja anu ditahan sareng Amini, ngomong manéhna ditakolan bébéakan, sarta anjeunna maot alatan kebrutalan pulisi. Parnyataan ieu, jabi scan medis anu kungsi bocor ka publik, katambah panalitian ti pihak independen percanten yén Amini ngalaman pendarahan otak atawa stroke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/death-of-Jina-Mahsa-Amini|title=Death of Jina Mahsa Amini {{!}} Protests, Iran, & Cause {{!}} Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|accessdate=2024-10-19}}</ref> Ku maotna Amini ngabalukarkeun sauntuyan unjuk rasa anu digambarkeun ku CNN minangka langkung gedé batan unjuk rasa 2009, 2017, sarta 2019. Sarta ku The New York Times minangka unjuk rasa Iran pangbadagna sahenteuna saprak 2009. Sababaraha démonstran awéwé ngalésotkeun hijab maranéhanana atawa motong buuk maranéhanana di hareupeun umum minangka aksi protes. Dugi 12 Oktober 2022, Hak Asasi Manusia Iran ngalaporkeun sahenteuna 201 pengunjuk rasa atos maot ku pasukan kaamanan anu nyanghareupan unjuk rasa di sakumna nagari. Amnesty International ngalaporkeun yén pasukan kaamanan Iran, dina sababaraha kajadian némbakan jumplukan-jumplukan kalawan sanjata anu seukeut, sarta dina perkawis sanes maéhan pengunjuk rasa kalawan neunggeulan maranéhanana maké iteuk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/story/who-is-mahsa-amini-and-why-did-her-death-spark-protests-in-iran-d4236eb3|title=Who is Mahsa Amini, and Why Did Her Death Spark Protests in Iran?|website=WSJ|accessdate=2024-10-19}}</ref> == Situasi di Iran == Iran ngawanohkeun aturan dibaju wajib kanggo awéwé di ditu, luyu kalawan interprétasi maranéhanana ngeunaan standar Islam, henteu lila sanggeus Revolusi Iran 1979. Dina 7 Marét, kirang ti sabulan sanggeus revolusi, Khomeini netepkeun hijab Islami robah kaayaan wajib kanggo sadaya awéwé di tempat damel maranéhanana, sarta netepkeun yén wanoja moal deui diidinan ngasupan tempat damel atawa kantor pamaréntah manten oge anu aya, anu disebutna minangka "buligir." Kekerasan sarta pelecéhan ka awéwé anu henteu maké hijab luyu kalawan standar pamaréntah Iran geus robah kaayaan perkawis sanggeus revolusi, boh ku aparat pangadeg hukum atawa wargi pro-rezim.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mahsa Amini: Iran responsible for 'physical violence' leading to death, UN says|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-68511112|newspaper=BBC News|date=2024-03-08|access-date=2024-10-19|language=en-GB}}</ref> Saprak 1980, awéwé henteu bisa ngasupan gedong pamaréntahan atawa umum atawa ngahadiran tempat damel maranéhanana tanpa hijab. Dina taun 1983, hijab wajib di payun umum diwanohkeun dina hukum pidana,anu nyatakeun yén " wanoja anu maju di payun umum tanpa hijab ageman bade dihukum pecut dugi 74 cambukan." Nanging dina praktek na sajumlah awéwé,sepertos Saba Kord Afshari sarta Yasaman Aryani, dibéré hukuman panjara anu beurat. Dina sapuluh taun terahir, aturan maké baju di Iran ngalaman parobahan anu signipikan, sarta awéwé ngora hususna condong langkung liberal ngeunaan aturan hijab. Perkawis ieu nyorong Patroli Bimbingan, pulisi moralitas Iran, pikeun nyieun kampanye intermiten paranti negor sacara lisan atawa kekerasan nyérék sarta "ngatik balik" awéwé anu maranéhanana anggap lepat make hijab. Sacara rutin, para tahanan dibawa ka pusat di manten maranehanana diinstruksikeun balik ngeunaan aturan dibaju leuwih ti dua atawa tilu jam, sateuacan dipénta kanggo nandatanganan jangji kanggo ngadegkeun aturan kasebat, sarta saterusna diidinan mios sareng kulawargi maranéhanana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://efe.com/en/other-news/2024-10-13/iran-to-enforce-prison-terms-for-woman-journalists-in-mahsa-amini-case/|title=Iran to enforce prison terms for woman journalists in Mahsa Amini case|last=EFE|first=Agencia|website=EFE Noticias|language=en-US|accessdate=2024-10-19}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017230411/https://efe.com/en/other-news/2024-10-13/iran-to-enforce-prison-terms-for-woman-journalists-in-mahsa-amini-case/ |date=2025-10-17 }}</ref> Unjuk rasa pikeun aturan hijab geus umum saprak 1979, kalawan salah sahiji unjuk rasa pangbadagna lumangsung antara 8 sarta 14 Maret 1979, dimulai dina Hari Perempuan Internasional sarta sapoé sanggeus aturan hijab diwanohkeun ku Republik Islam. Protes ka aturan hijab wajib teras nerus, sepertos salila protes 2019 atawa 2020, sabot pengunjuk rasa narajang Patroli Pembimbing sarta ngaleupaskeun dua awéwé anu ditahan. Dina taun 2020, Pamingpin pamaréntah Iran Ali Khamenei dikutip ngomong yén "wanoja nu make pakéan chador nu teu pantes kedah dijieun teu aman pikeun rumaos ka dirina," hiji parnyataan anu dirojong ku pajabat sarta ajengan sanés sarta muka jalan nyieun leuwih loba kekerasan ka awéwé. Di antawis populasi umum, kumaha ogé, hiji survéi indepénden anu dipigawé dina taun anu sami nembongkeun yén 58% urang Iran teu percanten dina hijab, sarta 72% teu satuju kana aturan hijab ngan 15% anu daék maké numutkeun kana aturan pamaréntah Iran.<ref name=":0" /> == Biograpi == Mahsa Amini wedal dina 23 September 1999 ti kulawargi Kurdi di Saqqez, Kurdistan, di barat laut Iran. Samentara Mahsa nyaéta ngaran resmi na (sabab ngan wasta Persia anu kenging didaptarkeun di Iran, ngaran Kurdinya nyaeta Jina (oge dieja Zhina), sarta mangrupa wasta anu dipikawanoh minangka wasta kulawargana. Anjeunna ngabogaan hiji adi salaki-salaki,Kiarash (Ashkan). Bapana, Amjad Amini,nyaeta saurang pagawe di hiji organisasi pamarentah sarta indungna,Mojgan Amini, nyaéta saurang indung laki-rabi. Anjeunna sakola di Taleghani Girls 'High School di Saqqez, sarta lulus dina 2018. Amini cikénéh ditarima di universitas sateuacan maotna. Anjeunna boga kahayang jadi pengacara. Misan na, Erfan Mortezaei, saurang aktivis pulitik jangjang kiwa anu kagabung dina partai Komala sarta saurang pajoang Peshmerga anu cicing di pengasingan di [[Kurdistan Irak]], nyaéta anggota kahiji ti kulawargi Amini anu wagel kalawan media sanggeus maotna. Manehna nengtereweleng klaim pamarentah Iran yén Amini kalibet dina pulitik naon ogé. Sawangsulna, Amini digambarkeun minangka “penduduk anu isinan sarta pendiam” di lemburna pikeun ngahindar ti piomongeun pulitik, henteu kantos aktip sacara pulitik wanci rumaja, sarta sanes saurang aktivis. Kulawargi Amini ngagambarkeun na henteu ngabogaan masalah kaséhatan kawitna, sarta manéhna saurang anu ragana sehat yén umurna 22 taun, kontras kalawan klaim anu dijieun ku pamaréntah Iran yén manéhna ngabogaan kaayaan kaséhatan kawitna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.radiozamaneh.com/32500/|title=Iranians are Furious after a Young Woman Dies While in Custody of the Hijab Police|website=Zamaneh Media|language=en-US|accessdate=2024-10-27}}</ref> == Maotna Mahsa Amini == Amini datang ka Teheran pikeun ngadatangan dulur lalakina dina 13 September 2022, manéhna ditéwak ku Patroli Bimbingan di panto lebet Jalan Tol Shahid Haghani di Teheran basa jeung kulawargana. Manéhnna saterusna dipindahkeun ka tahanan Keamanan Moral. Rakana, anu geus saréng manéhna sabot anjeunna ditéwak, dibéré nyaho yén manéhna rék dibawa ka pusat penahanan jang ngajalanan "kelas pengarahan " sarta dileupaskeun hiji. Lanceukna dibéré nyaho yén adina ngalaman serangan jajantung sarta kejang polo di kantor pulisi tempat maneéhna dibawa. Dua jam sanggeus proses néwak na, manéhna dibawa ka Rumah Sakit Kasra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202209172983|title=Hijab Victim Suffered Repeated Blows To Her Head - Hospital Source|website=Iran International|language=en|accessdate=2024-10-27}}</ref> Nurutkeun misan Amini, manéhna disiksa sarta dihina di jero van, sakumaha disaksikeun ku rencang tahananna. Sanggeus manéhna anjog di kantor pulisi, manéhna mimiti kaleungitan nempo sarta kapidara. Peryogi waktu 30 menit jang ambulan anjog, sarta sajam satengah pikeun dugi ka Rumah Sakit Kasra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/mahsa-amini-was-tortured-and-insulted-before-she-died-in-police-custody-in-iran-her-cousin-says-12705226|title=Mahsa Amini was 'tortured and insulted' before death in police custody in Iran, her cousin says|website=Sky News|language=en|accessdate=2024-10-27}}</ref> Salila dua poé, Amini ngalaman koma di Rumah Sakit Kasra di Teheran, anu matak protes ka Patroli Bimbingan sarta undang-undang ngeunaan hijab. Manéhna maot di unit perawatan intensip dina 16 September. === '''Bukti Kekerasan''' === Rumah Sakit Kasra jadi tempat Amini maot. Klinik anu ngurus Amini ngaluarkeun pernyataan dina Instagram nu nyebutkeun yén Amini geus teu sadar pas dirawat. Rumah sakitna nyieun postingan dina Instagram anu ayeuna mah geus dihapus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/de/landesweite-proteste-nach-tod-von-mahsa-amini/a-63168449|title=Landesweite Proteste nach Tod von Mahsa Amini {{!}} Aktuell Nahost {{!}} DW {{!}} 19.09.2022|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919154035/https://www.dw.com/de/landesweite-proteste-nach-tod-von-mahsa-amini/a-63168449|archivedate=2022-09-19}}</ref> Dulurna Amini ningali lebam di hulu jeung suku Amini. Awéwé-awéwé anu ditahan babarengan jeung Amini nyaritakeun yén Amini digebugan pisan lantaran nolak hinaan jeung omongan kasar ti petugas anu nangkepna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iran/19092022|title=Father of Kurdish woman killed in Iran says... {{!}} Rudaw.net|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920152309/https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iran/19092022|archivedate=2022-09-20}}</ref> Sababaraha dokter nyebutkeun Amini ngalaman cidera otak, ditilik tina gejala klinisna, diantarana ngaluarkeun getih tina ceulina jeung aya lebam di handapeun soca. Ieu ogé dikonfirmasi tina dugaan hasil pemindaian médis tengkorakna, anu dibocorkeun ku peretas, nunjukkeun aya tulang anu ruksak, pendarahan, jeung edema otak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/09/19/Mahsa-Amini-s-medical-scans-show-skull-fractures-caused-by-severe-trauma-Report|title=Mahsa Amini’s medical scans show skull fractures caused by ‘severe trauma’: Report {{!}} Al Arabiya English|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2024-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924055756/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/09/19/Mahsa-Amini-s-medical-scans-show-skull-fractures-caused-by-severe-trauma-Report|archivedate=2022-09-24}}</ref> Numutkeun kana laporan Iran International, pamaréntah Iran nyieun catetan médis palsu pikeun Amini anu némbongkeun yén anjeunna boga riwayat kasakit jantung. Dina tanggal 20 Séptémber, Dr. Massoud Shirvani, ahli bedah saraf, ngaku di televisi pamaréntah yén Amini pernah ngalaman tumor otak anu dioperasi waktu umurna 8 taun. Tanggal 21 Séptémber, rumah sakit ngaluarkeun hasil ''CT scan'' awal. Pendukung pamaréntah nyebutkeun ''CT scan'' éta nuduhkeun ayana tekanan psikologis (anu sabenerna mangrupa émosi jadi teu bisa katingali dina ''CT scan'') nu disababkeun ku operasi otak anu pernah anjeunna jalani; ari kritik séjénna nyebutkeun yén hasil scan nuduhkeun kekerasan fisik jeung trauma. Pamaréntah Iran ogé nyebutkeun yén Amini ngalaman operasi otak dina yuswa lima taun. Bapana Amini nyatakeun “Maranehna bohong… Manéhna teu boga riwayat kasakit naon waé, ogé teu kungsi dioperasi.” Dua babaturan saumuranna, anu diwawancara ku BBC, nyebutkeun yén maranehna teu kungsi nyaho yén Amini kungsi di rumah sakit.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Iran: Mahsa Amini's father accuses authorities of a cover-up|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-62998231|date=2022-09-22|access-date=2024-10-27|language=en-GB}}</ref> Dina tanggal 29 Séptémber aya dokumén audio nu dirilis ku mantan komandan Korps Pengawal Revolusi Iran, anu ngalaporkeun yén “sumber anu dipercaya” anu teu disebutkeun ngaranna nyebutkeun yén alesanna Amini maot nyaéta cidera dina tengkorakna anu disababkeun ku gebugan anu parah. Pengacara kulawarga Amini, [[Saleh Nikbakht]], nyarios ka situs warta ''online'' Etemad yén "dokter anu dipikahormat" percaya yén Mahsa dipaéhan di tahanan. Nikbakht ogé nyebutkeun kulawargana hayang pamariksaan ku komite pencari fakta pikeun nyukcruk sababna Amini pupus, jeung rekaman polisi waktu panangkepan kudu dibikeun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ifpnews.com/lawyer-mahsa-amini-fact-finding-committee-probe-death/|title=Lawyer: Mahsa Amini’s Family Wants Fact-finding Committee To Probe Her Death - Iran Front Page|website=ifpnews.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2024-10-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326213225/https://ifpnews.com/lawyer-mahsa-amini-fact-finding-committee-probe-death/ |date=2023-03-26 }}</ref> Dina bulan Oktober, laporan ti koroner ngabantah yén Amini pupus alatan pecutan di hulu jeung awakna; turta maotna disababkeun ku kaayaan kaséhatan anu geus aya ti saméméhna, nu nyababkeun organ-organ dina awakna teu bisa fungsi lantaran ''hipoksia serebral''. == Sumber == fzagp0ekebhtmlriwcsr54c5m92n2bd Parobahan iklim 0 106146 729261 675700 2026-09-26T20:12:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Parobahan iklim''' nyaéta parobahan jangka panjang dina suhu jeung pola cuaca iklim dina periode waktu nu pohara panjang. Bentuk parobahan iklim patalina jeung parobahan kabiasaan cuaca atawa parobahan persebaran kajadian cuaca. Sabab utama kajadian parobahan iklim nyaéta pemanasan global. Percepatan pamanasan global mangrupa akibat tina nambahan konséntrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfér Bumi nu ngarobah peran tina efék rumah kaca.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slideshare.net/dickyedwin/pasarkarbon|title=#pasarkarbon|website=SlideShare|language=en|accessdate=2025-01-20}}</ref> Kagiatan manusa ogé bisa ngarobah iklim bumi, jeung ieu nu nyorong parobahan iklim ngaliwatan pamanasan global.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12782|title=Advancing the Science of Climate Change|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2025-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529161102/http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12782|archivedate=2014-05-29}}</ref> Euweuh kasapukan umum dina dokumén ilmiah, média, atawa kawijakan ngeunaan istilah nu pas pikeun dipaké pikeun ngarujuk kana parobahan antropogénik nu dipaksakeun; boh "pamanasan global" atawa "parobahan iklim" bisa dipaké.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hulme|first=Mike|date=2017|title=Climate Change, Concept of|url=https://www.academia.edu/10358797/Climate_change_concept_of_|journal=International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology|pages=1}}</ref> Parobahan iklim bakal mangaruhan kana ngaronjatna luhur permukaan cai laut, nambahna jumlah bencana alam, pergeseran rentang géografis, jeung karuksakan ékosistem. Dampak parobahan iklim bakal karasa ku manusa, sato, tutuwuhan, sarta mikroorganisme. Parobahan iklim bakal mangaruhan di laut, daratan, ogé dina lapisan udara. Parobahan iklim kajadian ngaliwatan interaksi antarunsur iklim salila puluhan nepi ka jutaan taun. Masing-masing unsur iklim méré pangaruh kana kaayaan iklim jeung tingkat pangaruh nu robah-robah. Pangaruh parobahan iklim bisa dimimitian dina skala wewengkon kota atawa kabupatén nepi ka wewengkon benua. Parobahan iklim bisa kajadian alatan pangaruh ti luar kawas radiasi panonpoé atawa pangaruh ti jero Bumi kawas nambahan kadar karbon dioksida di atmosfér. == Istilah == Istilah ieu bisa ogé hartina parobahan kaayaan cuaca rata-rata atawa parobahan distribusi kajadian cuaca rata-rata, contona, jumlah kajadian [[Cuaca ékstrim|cuaca]] [[Cuaca ékstrim|ékstrim]] anu beuki loba atawa saeutik. Parobahan iklim bisa diwatesan ku hiji daérah husus atawa bisa kajadian di sakabéh wewengkon. Parobahan iklim ogé disebut parobahan jangka panjang dina suhu jeung pola cuaca. Dina pamakéan ayeuna, utamana dina kawijakan lingkungan, istilah parobahan iklim ngarujuk kana parobahan iklim modéren. Parobahan ieu bisa diklasifikasikeun salaku [[parobahan iklim antropogénik]] atawa anu leuwih sering disebut salaku [[Jagat nyongkab|pamanasan global]] atawa pamanasan global antropogénik. Parobahan iklim lumangsung nalika parobahan dina sistem iklim bumi ngahasilkeun pola cuaca anyar anu tahan sahenteuna sababaraha dékade, atawa bisa salila jutaan taun. Sistem iklim diwangun ku lima bagéan anu silih interaksi, nyaéta [[atmosfir]] (udara), [[hidrosfir]] (cai), [[kriosfir]] (és jeung permafrost), [[biosfir]] (makhluk hirup), jeung [[Litosfer|litosfir]] (lapisan kerak bumi jeung mantel luhur). Sistem iklim nampi ampir kabéh énergi tina [[panonpoé]], kalayan jumlah anu kawilang leutik tina jero bumi. Sistem iklim ogé méré [[énergi]] ka [[luar angkasa]]. Kasaimbangan énergi anu asup jeung kaluar, sarta perjalanan énergi ngaliwatan [[sistem iklim]], nangtukeun anggaran [[énergi bumi]]. Nalika énergi anu asup leuwih gedé tibatan anu kaluar, anggaran énergi bumi positip jeung sistem iklimna jadi haneut. Lamun leuwih loba énergi kaluar, anggaran énergi négatif jeung bumi ngalaman tiis. Nalika énergi ieu ngalir ngaliwatan sistem iklim bumi, éta nyiptakeun cuaca bumi sarta rata-rata cuaca jangka panjang disebut "iklim". Parobahan rata-rata jangka panjang disebut "parobahan iklim". Parobahan kawas kitu bisa jadi hasil tina "variabilitas internal", nalika prosés alami anu aya dina sababaraha bagéan tina sistem iklim ngarobah anggaran énergi bumi. Contona diantarana nyaéta pola siklus laut kawas ''El Niño Southern Oscillation'' anu kawéntar, ogé osilasi decadal Pasifik jeung osilasi multidecadal Atlantik anu kurang dipikawanoh. Parobahan iklim ogé bisa kajadian asalna tina "paksaan éksternal", nalika kajadian di luar lima bagéan sistem iklim anu tetep ngahasilkeun parobahan dina sistem. Conto na nyaéta parobahan dina kaluaran énergi panonpoé jeung vulkanisme. Widang klimatologi ngahijikeun loba widang panalungtikan anu béda-béda. Pikeun période parobahan iklim kuno, panaliti ngandelkeun bukti anu disimpen dina proksi iklim, kawas inti és, cingcin tangkal purba, catetan géologis parobahan permukaan laut, jeung géologi glasial. Bukti fisik tina parobahan iklim ayeuna kalebet loba bukti mandiri, sabagian diantarana nyaéta catetan suhu, leungitna és, jeung kajadian cuaca ékstrim. == Terminologi == Définisi anu paling umum tina parobahan iklim nyaéta parobahan dina sipat statistik (utamana rata-rata jeung panyebaran) tina sistem iklim nalika dipertimbangkeun dina jangka waktu anu lila, teu paduli sababna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/glossary/climate_change.html|title=Climate Change (glossary definition)|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2025-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118201820/http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/glossary/climate_change.html|archivedate=2010-01-18}}</ref> Ku sabab éta, fluktuasi dina période anu leuwih pondok ti sababaraha dékade, kawas El Niño, henteu ngawakilan parobahan iklim. Istilah "parobahan iklim" sering dipaké pikeun ngarujuk sacara husus kana parobahan iklim antropogénik (anu ogé disebut pemanasan global). Parobahan iklim antropogénik disababkeun ku kagiatan manusa, béda ti parobahan iklim anu tiasa hasil tina prosés alami bumi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/resource/ccsites/zimbab/conven/text/art01.htm|website=unfccc.int|accessdate=2025-01-24}}</ref> Dina harti ieu, utamana dina kontéks kawijakan lingkungan, istilah parobahan iklim parantos jadi sinonim jeung pamanasan global antropogénik. Dina jurnal ilmiah, pemanasan global ngarujuk kana naékna suhu permukaan, sedengkeun parobahan iklim kaabus pamanasan global jeung sagala anu mangaruhan kana ningkatna tingkat gas rumah kaca.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/climate_by_any_other_name.html|title=Wayback Machine|website=www.nasa.gov|accessdate=2025-01-24}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114092630/https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/climate_by_any_other_name.html |date=2019-11-14 }}</ref> Istilah anu aya hubungan, "parobahan iklim", diusulkeun ku Organisasi Météorologi Dunya (WMO) dina taun 1966 pikeun ngabuskeun sagala bentuk variabilitas iklim dina skala waktu leuwih ti 10 taun, tapi henteu paduli sababna. Salila taun 1970-an, istilah parobahan iklim ngaganti istilah parobahan cuaca pikeun museurkeun kana sabab antropogénik, kusabab jadi jelas yén kagiatan manusa tiasa ngarobah iklim sacara drastis. Parobahan iklim kaasup dina judul Panél Antarpamaréntahan ngeunaan Parobahan Iklim (IPCC) jeung Konvénsi Karangka Kerja PBB ngeunaan Parobahan Iklim (UNFCCC). Parobahan iklim ayeuna dipaké minangka déskripsi téknis ngeunaan prosés, ogé kecap barang anu dipaké pikeun ngajelaskeun masalah.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hulme|first=Mike|date=2017|title=Climate Change, Concept of|url=https://www.academia.edu/10358797/Climate_change_concept_of_|journal=International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology|pages=1}}</ref> == Rujukan == pqbgeknlx377aif0ugpmhhkzzojma5y Maqasid syariah 0 106168 729220 676144 2026-09-26T17:06:13Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Maqasid''''' '''''syariah''''' ( basa Arab : مقاصد , <abbr>lit.</abbr> ' tujuan ' atawa ' tujuan ' ) atawa '''''maqāṣid al-sharīʿa''''' (tujuan atawa tujuan ''syariah'' ) nyaéta hiji doktrin hukum Islam. Babarengan jeung doktrin klasik séjén nu patali, ''maṣlaḥa'' ( <abbr>lit.</abbr> ' kapentingan umum ' ), éta geus datang ka maénkeun peran beuki nonjol di jaman modern. Pamanggih ngeunaan ''maqasid'' mimitina jelas diucapkeun ku al-Ghazali (maot 1111), anu ngabantah yén ''maslaha'' mangrupikeun tujuan umum Allah dina ngungkabkeun hukum Ilahi, sareng tujuan khususna nyaéta pikeun ngajaga lima hal penting pikeun karaharjaan manusa: agama, nyawa, akal, nasab, jeung harta.   Sanaos sabagéan ageung ahli hukum jaman klasik ngakuan ''maslahah'' sareng ''maqasid'' salaku prinsip hukum anu penting, aranjeunna gaduh pandangan anu béda ngeunaan peran anu kedah aranjeunna lakukeun dina hukum Islam.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gleave|first=R. M.|title=Maḳāṣid al-Sharīʿa|url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/EIEO/SIM-8809.xml|language=en|publisher=Brill|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_8809}}</ref>  Sababaraha ahli fiqih nganggap hal-hal éta salaku dalil tambahan anu dibatesan ku sumber kitab suci ( Quran sareng hadits ) sareng ''qiyas'' (penalaran analogi).  Batur nganggap aranjeunna salaku sumber hukum anu mandiri, anu prinsip-prinsip umumna tiasa ngaleungitkeun inferensi khusus dumasar kana surat kitab suci.  Nalika pandangan anu terakhir dicepeng ku minoritas ahli hukum klasik, dina jaman modéren éta dijantenkeun dina bentuk anu béda-béda ku sarjana anu kasohor anu narékahan nyaluyukeun hukum Islam pikeun ngarobih kaayaan sosial ku cara ngagambar warisan intelektual yurisprudensi tradisional.  Ulama ieu ngalegaan inventarisasi ''maqasid'' pikeun ngalebetkeun tujuan syariah sapertos reformasi sareng hak-hak awéwé ( Rasyid Rida ); kaadilan jeung kabebasan ( Mohammed al-Ghazali ); jeung martabat jeung hak-hak manusa ( Yusuf al-Qaradawi ). == Sajarah == Ahli hukum Imam Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi (maot 1388) ogé nulis ngeunaan Maqasid Al-Sharia dina karyana ''Al-Muwafaqaat fi Usool al-Sharia'' . Anjeunna netepkeun ''maqasid al-shariah'' salaku "pencapaian kahadéan, karaharjaan, kauntungan, kauntungan sareng ngahindarkeun kajahatan, cilaka, kaleungitan makhluk".  Numutkeun al-Shatibi, tungtung hukum hukum Islam "mangpaat anu dimaksud ku hukum. Ku kituna, jalma anu tetep wujud hukum bari squandering zat na teu nuturkeun hukum". Nanging, dugi ka jaman modéren para ulama Islam parantos nunjukkeun minat anu énggal dina ''maqasid'' . Beasiswa dimimitian ku karya ulama Tunisia Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur (maot 1973 CE). Ti mimiti abad ka, sajumlah ulama Islam, kaasup Mohammad Hashim Kamali , Professor Imran Ahsan Khan Nyazee , Ahmed Raissouni , Mohamed El-Tahir El-Mesawi , Halim Rane , Jasser Auda , jeung Tariq Ramadan , geus advokasi pendekatan ''maqasid'' . sarta nyumbang kana ngembangkeun na. Syekh Muhammad Abu Zahra percaya yén Syariah mangrupikeun "rahmat ka umat manusa" kalayan tilu tujuan utama: "ngasuh individu anu soleh", "ngadegkeun kaadilan", sareng "ngawujudkeun kauntungan".<ref>{{Cite book|title=مكتبة الشيخ محمد أبو زهرة|url=https://archive.org/details/abouzohra/tarikhmazaheb?view=theater|language=Arabic|last=matnawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.onislam.net/english/shariah/contemporary-issues/islamic-themes/459269-objectives-of-shariah.html|title=Objectives of Shari`ah - Islamic Themes - Shari`ah - OnIslam.net|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2025-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120231739/http://www.onislam.net/english/shariah/contemporary-issues/islamic-themes/459269-objectives-of-shariah.html|archivedate=2015-01-20}}</ref> == Dina pulitik == Dina 10 Juli 2014, Perdana Mentri Malaysia Najib Razak masihan pidato nyebatkeun pikeun ngeureunkeun konflik antara Syiah sareng Sunni. Anjeunna nyatakeun yén Malaysia tiasa janten "conto pikeun nagara-nagara Muslim anu sanés ngeunaan naon hartosna janten bangsa anu maju sareng maju dumasar kana lima tujuan Syariah - pikeun ngadukung iman, kahirupan, akal, turunan sareng harta". "Kabijakan pamaréntah urang salawasna dumasar kana lima prinsip ''maqasid syariah'' ieu ... hayu urang jadi conto nagara Muslim anu maju tur progresif dumasar kana ''maqasid syariah'' ."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/malaysia/article/najib-calls-for-muslim-unity-months-after-shia-witch-hunt|website=www.malaymail.com|accessdate=2025-01-31}}</ref> == Dina keuangan Islam == Ulama Islam anu damel di keuangan Islam parantos nyobian ngajelaskeun tujuan kabeungharan ( ''mal'' ) atanapi transaksi kauangan. Hiji ulama kontemporer (Laidin) postulated lima tujuan: # kateterusan tina sirkulasi kabeungharan # kateterusan tina investasi kabeungharan # ngahontal kamakmuran komunal komprehensif # transparansi kauangan # validasi kapamilikan finansial. == Daftar pustaka == bejzms3i0k6wzjx6d8lk1eanpas90mp Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah 0 106171 729091 703158 2026-09-26T12:10:09Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dati2 |settlement_type = Kabupatén |nami = Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah |translit_lang1_info = {{btk| ᯖᯇᯉᯮᯞᯪ ᯖᯩᯝᯂ᯲}} |translit_lang1_type = ''[[Surat Batak|Surat Batak Toba]]'' |lambang = [[file:Lambang Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah.gif|300px]] |peta = [[File:Lokasi Sumatera Utara Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah.svg|300px]] |foto = [[file:Labuhan Angin coal-fired power plant taken from Poncan Island.jpg|300px]] |caption = [[Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap|PLTU]] Labuhan Angin dari Pulau Poncan [[Sibolga]] |kordinat = {{Coord|1.684764|98.827495}} |pushpin_map = Indonesia Sumatra#Indonesia |motto = Sahata Saoloan<br/>{{small|{{lang icon|Batak Toba}} Seia Sekata}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tapteng.go.id/deskripsi.html?id=Kondisi_Demografi#:~:text=Hal%20ini%20didukung%20kegiatan%20sosial%20dan%20adat%20istiadat,dengan%20kepadatan%20penduduk%20sebesar%20163%20jiwa%20per%20km2.|title=Kondisi Demografi|website=|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170410/https://www.tapteng.go.id/deskripsi.html?id=Kondisi_Demografi#:~:text=Hal%20ini%20didukung%20kegiatan%20sosial%20dan%20adat%20istiadat,dengan%20kepadatan%20penduduk%20sebesar%20163%20jiwa%20per%20km2.|dead-url=no}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170410/https://www.tapteng.go.id/deskripsi.html?id=Kondisi_Demografi#:~:text=Hal%20ini%20didukung%20kegiatan%20sosial%20dan%20adat%20istiadat,dengan%20kepadatan%20penduduk%20sebesar%20163%20jiwa%20per%20km2. |date=2022-09-20 }}</ref> |semboyan = Negeri Wisata Sejuta Pesona |propinsi = [[Sumatera Kalér]] |ibukota = [[Pandan, Tapanuli Tengah|Pandan]] |kacamatan = 20 |kalurahan = 59 |désa = 159 |dasar hukum = UU No. 23 Tahun 2024<ref name="UU dasar hukum">{{cite web | date = 2024-07-02 | url = https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/177254/Salinan_UU_Nomor_23_Tahun_2024.pdf | title = Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2024 tentang Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah di Provinsi Sumatera Utara | publisher = Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia | access-date = 2024-07-15 | archive-date = 2024-07-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240715083959/https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/177254/Salinan_UU_Nomor_23_Tahun_2024.pdf }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715083959/https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/177254/Salinan_UU_Nomor_23_Tahun_2024.pdf |date=2024-07-15 }}</ref> |tanggal = [[24 November]] [[1956]]<ref name="UU dasar hukum"/> |hari jadi = 24 Agustus 1945 |kapala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah = [[Masinton Pasaribu]] |kapala daerah1 = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah1 = [[Mahmud Efendi Lubis]] |sekretaris daerah = Erwin Hotmansyah Harahap ([[Penjabat|Pj.]]) |ketua DPRD = [[Ahmad Rivai Sibarani]] |lega = 2194,98 |pangeusi = 367798 |penduduktahun = 30 Juni [[2024]] |pendudukref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> |kapadetan = auto |agama = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |{{Tree list}} * 57,32% [[Kekristenan]] ** 44,91% [[Protestan]] ** 12,41% [[Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |42,53% [[Islam]] |0,10% [[Ugamo Malim|Parmalim]] |0,05% [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]<ref name = "TAPTENG"/>}} |bahasa = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Bahasa Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], [[Bahasa Batak Angkola|Batak Angkola]], [[Bahasa Batak Mandailing|Batak Mandailing]], [[Bahasa Nias|Nias]], [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]] dan [[Bahasa Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] |IPM = {{increase}} 73,34 ([[2024]])<br><span style="background:Yellow;color:#00726a">&nbsp;tinggi&nbsp;</span><ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MjIwNSMy/-metode-baru--indeks-pembangunan-manusia--umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020), 2023-2024|website=www.bps.go.id|publisher=[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]|accessdate=23 November 2024}}</ref> |kodearea = 0631 |kodepos = |nomor_polisi = BB |fauna = |zona waktu = [[WIB]] |APBD = Rp 1.249.310.000.000,- ([[2024]])<ref name="APBD">{{cite web|url=https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/portal/data/apbd?periode=11&tahun=2024&provinsi=02&pemda=11|title=Postur APBD Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah Tahun 2024|website=djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2024)|accessdate=23 November 2024}}</ref> |PAD = Rp 91.850.000.000,- ([[2024]])<ref name="APBD"/> |DAU = Rp 651.549.789.000,- ([[2024]])<ref name="DAU2024">{{cite web|url=https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Rincian-Alokasi-DAU-DBH-TA-2024.pdf|title=Rincian Dana Transfer Umum T.A 2024 Menurut Provinsi/Kabupaten/Kota|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2024)|accessdate=23 November 2024|format=PDF}}</ref> |DAK = Rp 267.232.029.000,- ([[2024]])<ref name="DANA">{{cite web|url=https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/?portfolio=daftar-alokasi-tkdd-2024-prov-sumatera-utara|title=Buku Alokasi dan Rangkuman Kebijakan Transfer Ke Daerah T.A 2024 Provinsi Sumatera Utara|website=djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2024)|accessdate=23 November 2024|page=33}}</ref> |web = {{URL|http://www.tapteng.go.id/}} }} '''Tapanuli Tengah''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{btk| ᯖᯇᯉᯮᯞᯪ ᯖᯩᯝᯂ᯲}}) nyaéta hiji [[kabupatén]] anu perenahna di provinsi [[Sumatera Kalér]], anu puseur dayeuhna di [[Pandan, Tapanuli Tengah|Pandan]] anu perenahna di wates jeung [[Kota Sibolga]].<ref name="TAPTENG"/> Pada pertengahan tahun 2024, jumlah penduduk Tapanuli Tengah sebanyak 367.798 jiwa.<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2024|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=23 November 2024|format=visual|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|archivedate=5 July 2022}}</ref> Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah salaku Daérah Otonom anu ditegeskeun ku Pamaréntah kalayan Undang-undang Nomor 7 taun 1956 ngeunaan ngadegna Daérah Otonom kabupatén-kabupatén sajeroning lingkungan Daérah Provinsi Sumatera Kalér. Dumasar kana Paraturan Daérah Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah Nomer 19 Taun 2007 kukituna ditetepkeun poé Jadina Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah tayalian kaping 24 Agustus 1945.<ref name = "TAPTENG">{{cite web|url = https://tapanulitengahkab.bps.go.id/publication/2022/02/25/adeea349009181c9c9bc2985/kabupaten-tapanuli-tengah-dalam-angka-2022.html|title = Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah Dalam Angka 2022|website = www.tapanulitengahkab.bps.go.id|accessdate = 18 September 2022|format = pdf|page = 85, 180-190}}</ref> == Géografis == Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah sacara administraif mangrupakeun salah sahiji daérah di wewengkon basisir kulon [[Sumatera Kalér]]. Perenahna aya di palebah kalér [[Danau Toba]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Koestoro, L. P., dkk.|date=Juni 2001|url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/19356/1/BPA%20No.%206%2C%202001_Sibolga%2CTapTeng.pdf|title=Berita Penelitian Arkeologi Nomor 06: Penelitian Arkeologi di Kotamadia Sibolga dan Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah, Provinsi Sumatera Utara|location=Medan|publisher=Balai Arkeologi Medan|pages=3|issn=|url-status=live}}</ref> Panjang basisir di Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah tayalian 200&nbsp;km jeung wilayahna kalolobaan aya di daratan Pulau Sumatra jeung sawaréhna di pulo-pulo leutik jeung lega wilayahna 2.188&nbsp;km². === Wates wilayah === {{batas_USBT |kulon = [[Kabupaten Acéh Singkil]] |kidul = [[Samudera Hindia]] |kalér = [[Kabupatén Tapanuli Kalér]] jeung [[Kabupatén Humbang Hasundutan]] |wétan = [[Kota Sibolga]] dan [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]] }} === Topografi === Topografi Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah kalolobaana [[pasir]]–pasir kalawan jangkungna 0 – 1.266 metér di luhureun beungeut cai laut. Ti sakabéh wewengkon Tapanuli Tengah, 43,90% ngawujud [[pasir]] jeung tunun naék. === Klimatologi === Sabagian gedé wewengkon kacamatan di Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah watesna langsung jeung [[laut]] ieu méré pangaruh kana suhu hawa jeung mibanda iklim tropis. Rata-rata suhu hawa di Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah taun 2005 aya dina 26,09&nbsp;°C. Sajeroeun bulan Januari – Désémber taun 2006, suhu hawa pang panasna nepi ka 31,53&nbsp;°C sarta suhu pang tirisna nepi ka 21,72&nbsp;°C. Dina taun 2006, turuna hujan rata-rata 4.925,9&nbsp;mm, poé hujan 226,0 poé, gelebugna angin rata-rata 6,7 knot sarta panguapan rata-rata 4,6&nbsp;mm. Kajemlékan hawa rata-rata 84,58%. == Pamaréntahan == === Bupati katut Wakil === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Tengah}} Bupati Tapanuli Tengah téh pamingpin pang luhurna di lingkungan pamarétahan Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah. Bupati Tapanuli Tengah tanggung jawabna ka [[gubernur]] propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. ‘’[[Pemilihan umum Bupati Tapanuli Tengah 2017]]’’, dimeunangkeun ku pasangan [[Bakhtiar Ahmad Sibarani]] jeung [[Darwin Sitompul]]. Duanana diistrénan ku gubernur [[Sumatera Kalér]], [[Tengku Erry Nuradi]], dina 22 Méi 2017 di [[Kota Médan]], pikeun masa jabatan [[2017]]-[[2022]].<ref name="BUPATI">{{cite web|url=https://diskominfo.sumutprov.go.id/artikel-505-bupati-tapteng-dan-walikota-tebing-tinggi-dilantik.html|title=Bupati Tapteng dan Walikota Tebing Tinggi Dilantik|date=23 Mei 2017|website=www.diskominfo.sumutprov.go.id|accessdate=15 Januari 2022|archive-date=2022-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116171123/https://diskominfo.sumutprov.go.id/artikel-505-bupati-tapteng-dan-walikota-tebing-tinggi-dilantik.html|dead-url=no}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116171123/https://diskominfo.sumutprov.go.id/artikel-505-bupati-tapteng-dan-walikota-tebing-tinggi-dilantik.html |date=2022-01-16 }}</ref> Sabada masa tugas réngsé dina taun 22 Mei 2022, pangjabat bupati Tapanuli Tengah dipasrahkeun ka Yetty Sembiring, anu saméméhna sekretaris daérah Tapanuli Tengah. Anjeuna tugas tisaprak 24 Méi 2022 nepika 14 Novémber 2022. Salajengna, posisi pangjabat bupati digantikeun ku [[Elfin Elyas Nainggolan]]. Elfin diistrénan ku gubernur [[Sumatera Kalér]], [[Edy Rahmayadi]], dina kaping 14 Novémber 2022 di Aula Tengku Rizal Nurdin, [[Kota Médan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1543729-pj-bupati-tapanuli-tengah-dicopot-diganti-pejabat-kemendagri|title=Pj Bupati Tapanuli Tengah Dicopot Diganti Pejabat Kemendagri|website=www.viva.co.id|accessdate=1 September 2023}}</ref> Salajengna, Sugeng Riyanta diistrenan ngajadi pajabat bupati Tapanuli Tengah, tisaprak 15 Novémber 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/1252275/717/sugeng-riyanta-resmi-dilantik-jadi-pj-bupati-tapanuli-tengah-1700050317|title=Sugeng Riyanta Resmi Dilantik Jadi Pj Bupati Tapanuli Tengah|first=Wahyudi Aulia|last=Siregar|date=15 November 2023|website=daerah.sindonews.com|accessdate=19 Desember 2023}}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" !style="background: lavender;"|No !style="background: lavender;" colspan=2|Bupati !style="background: lavender;"|Mulai jabatan !style="background: lavender;"|Akhir jabatan !style="background: lavender;"|Wakil Bupati |- |[[Penjabat Bupati|Pj]] |[[File:Sugeng Riyanta.jpg|100px]] |Sugeng Riyanta<br> ([[Penjabat]]) |15 November 2023 |Petahana |''Lowong'' |} === Déwan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah}} === Kacamatan === {{utama|Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah}} [[File:(Peta Wilayah) Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah.svg|jmpl|ka|250px|Gambar Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah dumasar kana wewengkon Kacamatan]] Wilayah administrasi Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah dibagi menjadi 20 [[kacamatan]], perenahna disapanjang basisir Barat propinsi Sumtara Kalér; {{col|2}} * [[Andam Dewi, Tapanuli Tengah|Andam Dewi]] * [[Badiri, Tapanuli Tengah|Badiri]] * [[Barus, Tapanuli Tengah|Barus]] * [[Barus Utara, Tapanuli Tengah|Barus Utara]] * [[Kolang, Tapanuli Tengah|Kolang]] * [[Lumut, Tapanuli Tengah|Lumut]] * [[Manduamas, Tapanuli Tengah|Manduamas]] * [[Pandan, Tapanuli Tengah|Pandan]] ('''Ibukota''') * [[Pasaribu Tobing, Tapanuli Tengah|Pasaribu Tobing]] * [[Pinangsori, Tapanuli Tengah|Pinangsori]] * [[Sarudik, Tapanuli Tengah|Sarudik]] * [[Sibabangun, Tapanuli Tengah|Sibabangun]] * [[Sirandorung, Tapanuli Tengah|Sirandorung]] * [[Sitahuis, Tapanuli Tengah|Sitahuis]] * [[Sorkam, Tapanuli Tengah|Sorkam]] * [[Sorkam Barat, Tapanuli Tengah|Sorkam Barat]] * [[Sosor Gadong, Tapanuli Tengah|Sosor Gadong]] * [[Suka Bangun, Tapanuli Tengah|Suka Bangun]] * [[Tapian Nauli, Tapanuli Tengah|Tapian Nauli]] * [[Tukka, Tapanuli Tengah|Tukka]] {{EndDiv}} == Démografi == [[File:Tortor.jpg|jmpl|ka|250px|[[Tari Tortor]], kalawan raksukan adat kawit ti [[Sumatera Kalér]]. Masarakat Tapanuli Tengah anu di satukangeunna ‘’multiétnis’’ jeung agama.]] === Penduduk === Masarakat Tapanuli Tengah taun 2010 masarakatna kurang leuwih 311.232 jiwa kalawan kapadetan masarakat 136 jiwa unggal km². ‘’Laju pertumbuhan penduduk’’ période taun 2005-2010 gedena 1,86% unggal taun. Jeung dina taun [[2021]] pangeusi Tapanuli Tengah lobana 365.177 jiwa, kalwan ‘’komposisi’’ pangeusina téh [[lalaki]] lobana 183.814 jeung [[awéwé]] 181.365 jiwa (49,80%).<ref name="TAPTENG"/> === Suku Bangsa === Tapanuli Tengah téh kabupatén anu perenahna di basisir kulon [[Sumatera Kalér]]. Mayoritas pangeusina teh tina ‘’suku’’ [[Suku Batak|Batak]], hususna [[Suku Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], jeung ‘’suku’’ [[Suku Pesisir|Basisir]] anu nepi ka poé ieu masih kénéh make [[basa Minangkabau]] dialék [[bahasa Pesisir|Pasisi]]. Aya ogé sawaréh déui [[Suku Mandailing|Batak Mandailing]], [[Suku Angkola|Batak Angkola]], [[Suku Simalungun|Batak Simalungun]], [[Suku Karo|Batak Karo]], jeung [[Suku Batak Pakpak|Batak Dairi]]. Suku anu mumbara séjéna nyicingan Tapanuli Tengah cukup loba rupana [[Orang Minangkabau|Minangkabau]], [[Suku Nias|Nias]], [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]], [[Suku Aceh|Aceh]], [[Suku Singkil|Singkil]], [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]], sarta ‘’suku’’ séjéna. === Agama === [[File:HKBP Batu Bolon, Res. Aek Mompang (02).jpg|jmpl|ki|250px|[[HKBP]] Batu Bolon, [[Sitahuis, Tapanuli Tengah]].]] Dumasar kana data ‘’[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]’’ Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah taun 2021, kalolobaan masarakat Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah muhit Agama [[Kristen|Kekristenan]] tayalian 57,32%, anumana pang lobana muhit [[Protéstan]] 44,91%, dan selebihnya [[Katolik]] sebanyak 12,41%.<ref name="TAPTENG"/> Pemeluk agama [[Islam]] juga cukup signifikan yakni 42,53% yang banyak dianut etnis Melayu pesisir dan sebagian dari suku Batak. Sebagian kecil memeluk [[Parmalim]] 0,10%, kemudian [[Buddha]] 0,05% yang umumnya dianut oleh etnis [[Tionghoa]], dan [[Hindu]] dianut kurang dari 0,01%.<ref name="TAPTENG"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?tid=321&wid=1200000000 |title=Sensus Penduduk 2010 |access-date=2014-11-09 |archive-date=2019-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509113025/https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?tid=321&wid=1200000000 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Agama Kristen Protéstan jeung Katolik loba dipuhit ku Suku Batak Toba, Suku Batak Karo, Batak Dairi, Batak Simalungun, sarta Nias, ogé sawaréh étnis Batak Angkola atawa Mandailing, jeung Tionghoa. Sagigireun éta agama Islam di Tapanuli Tengah ilaharna dipuhit ku Suku Batak Angkola, Batak Mandailing, sawaréh Batak Toba, sabagéan Suku Batak Dairi (Pakpak), Minangkabau, jeung Suku Melayu. === Organisasi/Komunitas/Film === [[file:Mursalaisland.jpg|jmpl|ka|250px|Curug [[Pulau Mursala]], salah sahiji tempat diputerna film ''[[King Kong (film 2005)|King Kong]]'' taun 2005 ku [[Peter Jackson]]]] Tapanuli Tengah téh kabupatén anu euyeub ku kaunggulan mimiti ti éndahna alam, Cagar budaya, jeung réa-réa deui. Tapanuli Tengah ogé kungsi jadi ‘’lokasi syuting film’’ Hollywood tayalian [[King Kong (film 2005)|King Kong]] tur jadi tempat ‘’lokasi syuting’’ [[Mursala (film)|Film Mursala]] anu ieu sakaligus ‘’memperkenalkan’’ Tapanuli Tengah. Di Tapanuli Tengah loba kapanggih organisasi, naha itu [[Partai Pulitik]], [[Karang Taruna]], ‘’[[Forum Anak Horas Tapteng]]’’, KNPI jeung réa-réa deui. == Ékonomi == Pangwangunan Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah dilaksanakeun kalawan konsép pangwangunan ''Tapanuli Growth'' tayalian sinérgi kabupatén/kota ngalimpudan Wewengkon Kulon Sumatera Kalér, [[Singkil, Acéh Singkil|Acéh Singkil]] jeung [[Kabupatén Simeulue|Simeulue]] (propinsi [[Acéh]]) pikeun ngawangun hiji pola ngaronjatna wewengkon anu ‘’kompetitif’’ kalawan Wewengkon ‘’Industri Terpadu’’ Labuan Angin. Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah kiwari jadi puseur koléksi (''hub'') ‘’komoditas’’ unggulan daérah. Pasoalan anu disingareupan masarakat Tapanuli Tengah, kawas wewengkon sejen di kulon Sumatera Kalér sacara ékonomi salila ieu tayalian [[kamiskinan]] jeung kurangna lapangan pagawéan/[[pangangguran]]. Aya ogé kakurangan anu dirandapan ieu henteu lésot tina kaayaan [[topografi]] wewengkon Tapanuli Tengah anu [[pasir]]-pasir sebut waé ([[Bukit Barisan]]), [[sumber daya manusa]], ngokolakeun [[sumber daya alam]], ‘’[[infrastruktur]]’’, aksés ‘’[[informasi]]’’ jeung golontorna [[modal]]. Pameréntah Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah satékah polah pikeun nyingareupan pasualan anu bieu disebut ngayakeun ‘’akselerasi’’ [[pangwangunan]] jeung ngaronjatkeun [[ékonomi]] daérah utamana ngaliwatan [[invéstasi]], naha invéstasi pamaréntah anapon [[swasta]] kalayan konsép pangwangunan ''Tapanuli Growth''. == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala luar == * [https://www.tapteng.go.id/ Situs resmi pemerintahan kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120171030/https://www.tapteng.go.id/ |date=2025-01-20 }} {{Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah}} {{Sumatera Utara}} {{Mayoritas Kristen Indonesia}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tapanuli Tengah, Kabupaten}} [[Kategori:Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah| ]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén]] [[Kategori:Babagian administratif di Indonésia]] 9zmbpgyfsbov8myl2dqojma4tpf1hqy Kabupatén Nagan Raya 0 106172 729073 704114 2026-09-26T12:02:08Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coor title dm|4|10|N|96|30|E|region:ID-AC_type:adm2nd|display=title}} {{Dati2 |settlement_type = Kabupatén |nami = Kabupatén Nagan Raya |translit_lang1_type = [[Abjad Jawi|Jawoe/Jawi]] |translit_lang1_info = ناڬن راي |foto = [[File:Bandara Cut Nyak Dhien.JPG|300px]] |caption = [[Bandar Udara Cut Nyak Dhien]] |lambang = [[file:Lambang Kabupaten Nagan Raya.png|300px]] |peta = [[file:Lokasi Aceh Kabupaten Nagan Raya.svg|300px]] |kordinat = {{Coord|4.169102|96.324399}} |semboyan = |propinsi = [[Acéh]] |ibukota = [[Suka Makmue, Nagan Raya|Suka Makmue]] |kacamatan = 10 |kalurahan = 222 |dasar hukum = [[s:Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2002|UU No.4 Tahun 2002]] |ref jumlah satuan pemerintahan = <ref name="Permendagri-137-2017"/> |tanggal = [[10 April]] [[2002]] |hari jadi = |kapala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah = H. Iskandar (Pj.) |kapala daerah1 = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah1 = ''lowong'' |sekretaris daérah = Ardimarta |ketua DPRD = |lega = 3544,91 |luasref = <ref name="Permendagri-137-2017"/> |pangeusi = 179108 |penduduktahun = 30 Juni [[2024]] |pendudukref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> |kepadatan = auto |agama = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |99,67% [[Islam]] |{{Tree list}} * 0,31% [[Kekristenan]] ** 0,28% [[Protestan]] ** 0,03% [[Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |0,02% [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/>}} |bahasa = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Bahasa Aceh|Aceh]] |IPM = {{increase}} 72,15 ([[2023]])<br> <span style="background:Yellow;color:#00726a">&nbsp;tinggi&nbsp;</span><ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://aceh.bps.go.id/indicator/26/74/1/ipm.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) 2021-2023|website=www.aceh.bps.go.id|accessdate=28 Januari 2024}}</ref> |kodearea = 0655 |kodepos = |nomor_polisi = BL ''xxxx'' V** |apbd = Rp 1.251.178.454.853,-<ref name="APBD 2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/?p=5412 |title=APBD 2018 ringkasan update 04 Mei 2018 |date=2018-05-04 |accessdate=2018-07-06 |archive-date=2018-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706132521/http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/?p=5412 |dead-url=no }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706132521/http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/?p=5412 |date=2018-07-06 }}</ref> |pad = Rp 164.140.534.232,- |dau = Rp 492.894.146.000,- ([[2021]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DAU_rotated.pdf|title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2021|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2021)|accessdate=8 Desember 2021|page=1|format=pdf|archive-date=2021-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207084638/http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DAU_rotated.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> |flora = |fauna = |zona waktu = UTC +7 [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] |web = {{url|naganrayakab.go.id}} }} '''Kabupatén Nagan Raya''' nyaéta hiji [[kabupatén]] di propinsi [[Acéh]], [[Indonésia]].<ref name="Permendagri">{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Désémber 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{cite web |url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Puseur dayeuhna di [[Suka Makmue]], anu perenahna kurang leuwih 287&nbsp;km atanapi 6 jam perjalanan ti [[Banda Acéh]]. Kabupatén ini diadegkeun dumasar kana UU Nomor 4 Taun 2002, kaping 2 Juli 2002 mangrupi hasil tina pamekaran [[Kabupatén Acéh Kulon]]. Nalika pertengahan tahun 2024, jumlah pangeusi Nagan Raya lobana 179.108 jiwa.<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2023|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=1 November 2024|format=Visual|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|archivedate=5 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="AGAMA">{{cite web|url=https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Wilayah+dan+Agama+yang+Dianut&tid=321&search-wilayah=Kabupaten+Nagan+Raya&wid=1115000000&lang=id|title=Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut di Kabupaten Nagan Raya|website=www.sp2010.bps.go.id|accessdate=21 Januari 2021|archive-date=2023-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220073055/https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?search-tabel=Penduduk+Menurut+Wilayah+dan+Agama+yang+Dianut&tid=321&search-wilayah=Kabupaten+Nagan+Raya&wid=1115000000&lang=id|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kecap ''Nagan'' mibanda kamiripan sareng nami 5 kacamatan anu aya di ieu kabupatén, nanging dina hartos bahasa dugi ka kiwari teu aya dina ''kosakata'' urang Acéh. Kitu deui, teuacan kapendak dasar sajarahna, anapon hasil panalungtikan anu jelas anu aya pakaitna sareng sebutan nami ieu, naha tiasa aya. Samentawis kitu ''Raya'' hartosna ageung, ngébréhkeun réhna sadaya kacamatan anu aya di Nagan, soksanaos dina waktosna nyebat nami kacamatan éta henteu aya kecap "Nagan", saumpamina: Beutoeng, salah sawios kacamatan. == Géografi == === Wates wilayah === {{batas_USBT |kalér = [[Kabupaten Aceh Tengah]] sareng [[Kabupatén Acéh Barat]] |kidul = [[Kabupatén Acéh Ngulon ngaler]] jeung [[Samudera Indonésia]] |wétan = [[Kabupatén Gayo Lues]] ogé [[Kabupatén Acéh Ngulon Ngidul]] |kulon = [[Kabupatén Acéh Kulon]] }} == Pamaréntahan == === Bupati === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Nagan Raya}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !style="background:#fad000;"| No !style="background:#fad000;" colspan=2| Bupati !style="background:#fad000;"| Ngawitan ngajabat !style="background:#fad000;"| Réngsé ngajabat !style="background:#fad000;"| Wakil Bupati |- |* |[[File:Dr._H._Iskandar.,_AP.,_S._Sos.,_M._Si.png|100px]] |Dr. H. Iskandar <br> (Penjabat) |10 Oktober 2024 |Sekarang |''Lowong'' |} === Déwan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Nagan Raya}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Nagan Raya}} === Kacamatan === {{utama|Daftar kecamatan dan gampong di Kabupaten Nagan Raya}} {{:Daftar kecamatan dan gampong di Kabupaten Nagan Raya}} == Poténsi == Kabupatén Nagan Raya perenahna di [[basisir]] kulon Sumatra anu subur sareng kalintang loyog kanggo [[tatanén]], hususna [[paré]] anu puseurna di [[Kacamatan Seunagan]], Seunagan Wétan, sareng Beutong anu kaleresan dirojong ku wahangan Krueng Beutong ogé [[wahangan]] Krueng Nagan anu palid di éta wewengkon. Poténsi nusanés sapertos usahan [[ingon-ingon]] sareng [[Kebun|perkebunan]] anu utaminamah [[salk minyak]]/[[sawit. Ku alatan sumber daya alam dina widang tatanén anu lubak-libuk, ieu Nagan Raya dipiwanoh salah shiji leuit [[béas]] utami di Acéh. Malihan [[Soeharto]], présidén RI kapungkur kantos deudeuheus ka Nagan Raya, anu mangrupi aprésiasina kana ronjatan hasil tatanén di ieu daérah (tahun 1987). Sateuacan ayana pakéwu perkawis kaamanan nalika usum paséa/‘’konflik’’ Acéh, Nagan Raya mangrupi puseur kanggo [[transmigrasi|transmigran]] anu ngokolakeun séktor tatanén di ieu wewengkon. Namung sabada taun 2001 seueur transmigran anu ngantunkeun ‘’unit-unit’’ padumukanna alatan gangguan sareng ancaman ti gorombolan ‘’sipil bersenjata’’. Dipiharep sabada kaayaan kaamanan ngawitan saé, sakumna transmigran mulang deui kanggo sareng ngaheuyeuk ékonomi Nagan Raya, tingawitan ieu kabupatén teuaca panceg yiswana 2 tahun. == Transportasi == [[File:Nagan Raya Airport - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|250px|Bandara Cut Nyak Dhien]] Jarak [[Bandar Udara Cut Nyak Dhien Nagan Raya|Bandara Cut Nyak Dhien Nagan Raya]] ka puseur kota Nagan Raya kirang langkung 25&nbsp;km, pami ka [[Meulaboh]] 40&nbsp;km. ''Transportasi'' ka kadua tempat nembé sayogi sapanjang dinten kalayan kualitas jalan anu saé. Kanggo kandaraan umum, kandaraan anu janten andelan masyarakat Nagan taya sanés "[[Labi-labi|Labi-Labi]]" kanggo angkat-angkatan di lingkungan kabupatén sakantenan anggo ngahubungkeun Nagan Raya sareng kabupatén tatangga, Acéh Kulon. == Kaséhatan == Nagan Raya mibanda 1 [[RSUD Sultan Iskandar Muda]] Tipe C (Dokter Spesialis, Dokter Umum sareng Dokter Gigi) ogé 10 [[Puskemas]] anu perenahna disisi jalan ageung, kukituna gampil pisan diaksésna. == Komunikasi == Wilayah kabupatén ieu ogé mibanda sarana [[telekomunikasi]] BTS [[Telkomsel]], [[Indosat]], [[3 (telekomunikasi)]] katut [[IM3]]. Di Dinas Kaséhatan mibanda aksés internét 24 jam, nganggo [[satelit]], donasi/pamaparin ti IOM. == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|2}} == Tutumbu ka luar == {{wikisource|Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2002}} * {{id}} [http://www.acehprov.go.id Situs Resmi Pemerintah Aceh] * {{id}} [http://www.naganrayakab.go.id Situs Resmi Pemerintah Kabupaten Nagan Raya] * {{id}} [https://naganrayakab.bps.go.id/ Situs Resmi BPS Kabupaten Nagan Raya] * {{id}} [http://www.ri.go.id/produk_uu/isi/uu2002/uu4'02.htm UU RI No.4 Tahun 2002]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217025317/http://www.ri.go.id/produk_uu/isi/uu2002/uu4%2702.htm |date=2005-12-17 }} * {{id}} [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0403/03/otonomi/883111.htm ''Kabupaten Nagan Raya''. Harian Kompas, 3 Maret 2004] * {{id}} [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0403/03/otonomi/883847.htm ''Berharap Transmigran Kembali ke Nagan Raya''. Harian Kompas, 3 Maret 2004] {{Kabupaten Nagan Raya}} {{Aceh}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kabupaten Nagan Raya| ]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén]] [[Kategori:Babagian administratif di Indonésia]] 9sq7di7via29uvvg37vzmwmw20tkjlf Rp-prosés 0 106175 729281 675749 2026-09-26T22:04:45Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Rapid_Proton_Capture.svg|ka|jmpl|287x287px| Nukléosintesis inti-euyeub proton ku néwak proton gancang]] '''Prosés rp''' (prosés néwak proton gancang) diwangun ku proton anu padeukeut nangkep kana inti siki pikeun ngahasilkeun unsur anu leuwih beurat. <ref>{{Cite book|author-link=Lars Bildsten|first=Lars|last=Bildsten|chapter=Thermonuclear Burning on Rapidly Accreting Neutron Stars|arxiv=astro-ph/9709094v1|editor-first3=R.|editor-last3=Buccheri|editor-first=J.|editor-last=van Paradijs|editor-first2=M.A.|editor-last2=Alpar|title=The Many Faces of Neutron Stars|publisher=Springer|date=2010|isbn=9789048150762|pages=|orig-year=1998}}</ref> Ieu prosés nukléosintesis jeung, babarengan jeung <nowiki><i id="mwEg">s</i></nowiki> -prosés jeung <nowiki><i id="mwFA">r</i></nowiki> -prosés, bisa jadi tanggung jawab generasi loba unsur beurat hadir di jagat raya. Sanajan kitu, éta béda utamana ti prosés séjén disebutkeun dina éta lumangsung dina sisi stabilitas-euyeub proton sabalikna di sisi-euyeub neutron stabilitas. Titik tungtung rp-prosés (elemen massa pangluhurna bisa nyieun) teu acan ogé ngadegkeun, tapi panalungtikan panganyarna geus nunjukkeun yén dina béntang neutron teu bisa maju saluareun [[Telurium|tellurium]] . <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schatz|first=H.|last2=A. Aprahamian|last3=V. Barnard|last4=L. Bildsten|last5=A. Cumming|last6=M. Ouellette|last7=T. Rauscher|last8=F.-K. Thielemann|last9=M. Wiescher|displayauthors=5|date=April 2001|title=End Point of the ''rp'' Process on Accreting Neutron Stars|url=http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v86/p3471|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=86|issue=16|pages=3471–3474|arxiv=astro-ph/0102418|bibcode=2001PhRvL..86.3471S|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3471|pmid=11328001|access-date=2006-08-24}}</ref> Prosés rp dihalangan ku alfa buruk, nu nempatkeun hiji wates luhur dina titik tungtung dina <nowiki><sup id="mwHg">104</sup></nowiki> Te, nu paling lightest observasi alfa-decaying nuklida, <ref name="100sn">{{Cite journal|last=Auranen|first=K.|displayauthors=etal|date=2018|title=Superallowed α decay to doubly magic <sup>100</sup>Sn|url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/77942573/PhysRevLett.121.pdf|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=121|issue=18|pages=182501|bibcode=2018PhRvL.121r2501A|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.182501|pmid=30444390|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201135355/https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/77942573/PhysRevLett.121.pdf|archive-date=2025-02-01|accessdate=2025-02-03}}</ref> jeung garis netes proton dina isotop antimoni lampu. Dina titik ieu, panangkepan proton salajengna nyababkeun émisi proton atanapi émisi alfa, sahingga fluks proton dikonsumsi tanpa ngahasilkeun unsur anu langkung beurat; prosés tungtung ieu dipikawanoh salaku siklus tin-antimony-tellurium. <ref name="rp2012">{{Cite journal|last=Lahiri|first=S.|last2=Gangopadhyay|first2=G.|date=2012|title=Endpoint of ''rp'' process using relativistic mean field approach and a new mass formula|journal=International Journal of Modern Physics E|volume=21|issue=8|arxiv=1207.2924|bibcode=2012IJMPE..2150074L|doi=10.1142/S0218301312500747}}</ref> == kaayaan == Prosésna kedah lumangsung dina lingkungan suhu anu luhur pisan (luhureun 10 <sup>9</sup>&nbsp;kelvins ) sahingga proton bisa nungkulan halangan Coulomb badag pikeun réaksi muatan-partikel. Lingkungan anu beunghar hidrogén ogé mangrupikeun prasyarat kusabab fluks proton ageung anu diperyogikeun. Inti siki anu dipikabutuh pikeun prosés ieu diduga kabentuk nalika réaksi breakout tina siklus CNO panas. Ilaharna panangkepan proton dina prosés rp bakal bersaing jeung réaksi (α,p), sabab lolobana lingkungan anu fluks hidrogén anu luhur ogé beunghar ku hélium. Skala waktu pikeun prosés-rp diatur ku β <sup>+</sup> luruh dina atawa deukeut garis netes proton, sabab [[Gaya nuklir lemah|interaksi lemah]] kasohor leuwih laun batan [[Gaya nuklir kuat|interaksi kuat]] jeung [[Éléktromagnétisme|gaya éléktromagnétik]] dina suhu luhur ieu. == situs mungkin == Situs anu disarankeun pikeun prosés rp nyaéta accreting sistem binér dimana hiji béntang mangrupakeun béntang neutron . Dina sistem ieu béntang donor accreting bahan kana béntang pasangan kompak na. Bahan acréted biasana beunghar hidrogén jeung hélium sabab asalna ti lapisan permukaan béntang donor. Kusabab béntang kompak sapertos kitu gaduh [[Gravitasi|médan gravitasi]] anu luhur, bahanna ragrag kalayan laju anu luhur ka arah béntang kompak, biasana tabrakan sareng bahan akrétasi sanés dina perjalanan, ngabentuk piringan akresi . Dina kasus akresi kana béntang neutron, salaku bahan ieu lalaunan ngawangun nepi di permukaan, éta bakal ngahontal suhu dina urutan 10 <sup>8</sup>&nbsp;K. Antukna, dipercaya yén instabilities térmonuklir timbul dina atmosfir panas ieu, sahingga hawa terus naek nepi ka ngabalukarkeun ledakan térmonuklir runaway tina hidrogén jeung hélium. Salila flash, hawa gancang naek, jadi cukup luhur pikeun rp-prosés lumangsung. Nalika lampu kilat awal hidrogén sareng hélium ngan ukur sadetik, prosés rp biasana nyandak dugi ka 100 detik. Ku alatan éta, rp-prosés dititénan salaku buntut tina hasil X-ray burst . == Tempo ogé == {{Portal|Astronomy|Physics}} * p-inti <references responsive="1"></references> {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Fisika nuklir]] jkg4nx4uydk4b5dn413mqm4vhctqz9k Kabupatén Pidie Jaya 0 106224 729079 704115 2026-09-26T12:04:58Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coor title dm|5|7|N|96|12|E|region:ID-AC_type:adm2nd|display=title}} {{Dati2 |settlement_type = Kabupatén |nami = Kabupatén Pidie Jaya |translit_lang1_type = [[abjad Jawi|Jawoe/Jawi]] |translit_lang1_info = ڤيدي جاي |foto = [[file:Kantor Bupati Pidie Jaya, Meureudu.jpg|150px]] |caption = Kantor Bupati Pidie Jaya |lambang = [[file:Lambang Kabupaten Pidie Jaya.png|150px]] |peta = [[file:Lokasi Aceh Kabupaten Pidie Jaya.svg|150px]] |kordinat = 04°45'15,702"-5°18'2,244" [[Lintang Utara|LU]] {{br}}96°1'13,656"-96°22'1,007" [[Bujur Timur|BT]] |motto = Peugah lagèe buet peubuet lagèe na<br/>{{small|{{lang icon|Aceh|Aceh}} Katakan yang kamu lakukan, dan lakukanlah yang kamu katakan}} |semboyan = |propinsi = [[Acéh]] |ibukota = [[Meureudu, Pidie Jaya|Meureudu]] |dasar hukum = UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2007<ref name="UU">{{cite web|url=https://otda.kemendagri.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Pembentukan-Daerah-Daerah-Otonom-di-Indonesia-s.d-Tahun-2014-2.pdf|title=Pembentukan Daerah-Daerah Otonom di Indonesia s/d Tahun 2014|website=www.otda.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=8 Desember 2021|archive-date=12 Juli 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712121648/http://otda.kemendagri.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Pembentukan-Daerah-Daerah-Otonom-di-Indonesia-s.d-Tahun-2014-2.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |ref jumlah satuan pemerintahan = <ref name="Permendagri"/> |tanggal = [[2 Januari]] [[2007]]<ref name="UU"/> |hari jadi = |kacamatan = 8 |kalurahan = 222 |kapala daerah = [[Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah = Jailani Beuramat (Pj.) |kapala daerah1 = [[Wakil Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah1 = ''lowong'' |sekretaris daerah = Bahron Bakti (Pj.) |ketua DPRD = |lega = 1073,60 |luasref = <ref name="Permendagri">{{cite web |url=http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah |title=Permendagri no.137 tahun 2017 |date=27 Desember 2017 |access-date=12 Juni 2018 |archive-date=2017-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429140519/http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah |dead-url=yes }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429140519/http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah |date=2017-04-29 }}</ref> |pangeusi = 163391 |penduduktahun = 31 Desember [[2023]] |pendudukref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> |kapadetan = auto |agama = [[Islam]] 99,98%<br> [[Kristen]] 0,02%<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> |bahasa = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Bahasa Aceh|Aceh]] |IPM = {{increase}} 76,04 ([[2023]])<br> <span style="background:Yellow;color:#00726a">&nbsp;tinggi&nbsp;</span><ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://aceh.bps.go.id/indicator/26/74/1/ipm.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) 2021-2023|website=www.aceh.bps.go.id|accessdate=28 Januari 2024}}</ref> |kodearea = 0653 |kodepos = |nomor_polisi = BL ''xxxx'' O** |apbd = Rp 858.119.481.051,-<ref name="APBD 2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/?p=5412 |title=APBD 2018 ringkasan update 04 Mei 2018 |date=2018-05-04 |accessdate=2018-07-06 |archive-date=2018-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706132521/http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/?p=5412 |dead-url=no }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706132521/http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/?p=5412 |date=2018-07-06 }}</ref> |pad = Rp 70.000.000.000,- |dau = Rp 417.678.904.000,- ([[2021]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DAU_rotated.pdf|title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2021|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2021)|accessdate=8 Desember 2021|page=1|format=pdf|archive-date=2021-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207084638/http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DAU_rotated.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> |flora = |fauna = |zona waktu = [[UTC+07:00]] [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] |web = {{url|pidiejayakab.go.id}} }} '''Pidie Jaya''' nyaéta hiji [[kabupatén]] di [[Acéh]], [[Indonésia]]. Puseur dayeuhna di [[Meureudu]]. Kabupatén ieu diadegkeun dumasar kana Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Taun 2007 dina kaping 2 [[Januari]] 2007, mangrupikeun kabupatén pamekaran tina Kabupatén Pidie. Kabupatén Pidie Jaya téh 1 tina 16 pamekaran anu diusulkeun kabupatén/kota anu disatujuan ku ''Déwan Perwakilan Rakyat'' dina kaping 8 [[Désémber]] 2006. Jumlah pangeusi Pidie Jaya dina panungtung taun 2023 lobana 163.391 jiwa.<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2023|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=28 Januari 2024|format=Visual|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|archivedate=2022-07-05}}</ref> == Géografi == [[File:Krisi Beach.jpg|jmpl|250px|ki|Basisir Krisi]] Géorafi Kabupatén Pidie Jaya perenahna di 4°54' 15,702"N &nbsp;nepika&nbsp; 5° 18' 2,244" N &nbsp;jeung 96°1' 13,656"E&nbsp;&nbsp; nepika 96°22'1,007"E. Sacara Topografi Kabupatén Pidie Jaya aya dina 0 mdpl nepi ka 2300 mdpl kalawan déngdék lahan antara 0 nepi ka 40%. Wewengkon Kacamatan Jangkabuya sakabéhna mangrupakeun dataran landeuh antara 0 mdpl nepi ka 20 mdpl, Kacamatan Bandar Dua pernahna dina 10 mdpl s.d. 2300 mdpl sedengkeun Kacamatan Ulim, Meurah Dua, Meureudu, Trienggadeng, Pante Raja, sarta Bandar Baru perenahna dina 0 mdpl s.d 2.300 mdpl ngagebat mimiti ti Basisir kidul Malaka nepi ka Punclut Gunong Peuet Sagoe dina ''Gugusan'' Bukit Barisan. Sacara umum Kabupatén Pidie Jaya ''rawan'' katarajang banjir jeung érosi. Tina wangun [[lamping]], Kabupatén Pidie Jaya mangrupakeun daérah dataran tonggoh anu mibanda daérah ngawangun lamping anu déngdékna 40%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pidiejayakab.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1147&Itemid=143 |title=Sekilas Pidie Jaya: Geografis |access-date=2010-12-07 |archive-date=2011-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617141508/http://pidiejayakab.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1147&Itemid=143 |dead-url=yes }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617141508/http://pidiejayakab.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1147&Itemid=143 |date=2011-06-17 }}</ref> === Wates Wilayah === {{Batas USBT |kalér = [[Selat Malaka]] |kidul = [[Kabupatén Pidie]] |wétan = [[Kabupatén Bireuen]] |kulon = [[Kabupatén Pidie]] }} === Iklim === Jumlah Poé Hujan Kabupatén Pidie Jaya tahun 2015 {| class="wikitable" !Bulan !Curah Hujan (mm³) !Poé Hujan |- |Januari |1.223 |9 |- |Pébruari |504 |4 |- |Maret |793 |5 |- |April |300 |5 |- |Méi |711 |5 |- |Juni |501 |4 |- |Juli |516 |7 |- |Agustus |278 |4 |- |Septémber |1.016 |8 |- |Oktober |1.549 |10 |- |Nopémber |1.736 |11 |- |Désémber |2.007 |12 |} == Pamaréntahan == === Bupati === {{utama|Daftar Bupati Pidie Jaya}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- bgcolor="#99ccff" ! No ! colspan=2|Bupati ! Mimiti Ngajabat ! Ahir Ngajabat ! Kat. ! Wakil Bupati |- |- | rowspan="2" |3 | rowspan="2" |[[File:Said Mulyadi.jpg|100px]] | rowspan="2" |H. [[Said Mulyadi]] |4 Nopémber 2023 |17 Désémber 2023 |Pelaksana Tugas (Plt) | rowspan="2" |''Lowong'' |- |18 Désémber 2023 |''Pétahana'' |[Bupati Definiti]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-12-18|title=Said Mulyadi Dilantik Sebagai Bupati Pidie Jaya Definitif|url=https://komparatif.id/said-mulyadi-dilantik-sebagai-bupati-pidie-jaya/|work=Komparatif.ID|access-date=2023-12-18}}</ref> |} === Déwan Perwakilan === {{utama|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Pidie Jaya}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Pidie Jaya}} === Kacamatan === {{utama|Daftar kecamatan dan gampong di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya}} {{:Daftar kecamatan dan gampong di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya}} === Lambang Daérah === # Wadah Perisai: Méré panyalindungan ka sakumna masyarakat Pidie Jaya enggoning nyingareupan ruma-ruma karerepet pikeun ngarojong masarakat anu adil tur makmur. # Ranggeuyan [[paré]] jeung Ranggeuyan [[Kapas]]: Kamakmuran rakyat Pidie Jaya anu adil jeung [[walatra]]. # Buku/Kitab jeung Pulpén: Ngaronjatkeun ‘’SDM’’ anu cita-cita sangkan Kabupatén Pidie Jaya salawasna nuturkeun kana kamotékaran [[élmu]] jeung [[téknologi]]. # [[Réncong]]: Kapahlawanan jeung kagagahan sarta nanjeukeun niléy budaya [[karuhun]]. # Timbangan jeung Naraca: Pamaréntah anu adil di Kabupatén Pidie Jaya. # Kubah Masjid jeung Bintang Bulan: Syariat Islam anu mangrupakeun falsafah hirup pikeun masyarakat Pidie Jaya. # Dalapan (8) Panto di Handap Kubah: Kabupatén Pidie Jaya mibanda dalapan (8) kacamatan di jero wilayahna. # Pita Beureum aya tulisan "Pidie Jaya": Masarakat Pidie Jaya teu galideur nyingareupan tantangan kamajuan daérah. # Kelir Dasar Bulao: Poténsi [[laut]] di seluruh wilayah Pidie Jaya. # Kelir Dasar Bulao Ngora: Bagian atas bermakna warna angkasa yang bersih sebagai cita-cita warga Pidie Jaya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pidiejayakab.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1146&Itemid=138 |title=Sekilas Pidie Jaya: Makna dan Lambang |access-date=2010-12-07 |archive-date=2011-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617133849/http://pidiejayakab.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1146&Itemid=138 |dead-url=yes }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617133849/http://pidiejayakab.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1146&Itemid=138 |date=2011-06-17 }}</ref> == Démografi == Lobana pangeusi Kabupatén Pidie Jaya numutkeun BPS Pidie Jaya dina taun 2015 lobana 148.719 jiwa anu diwangun ku 72.703 lalaki jeung 76.016 jiwa awéwé. {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Kacamatan ! colspan="3" |lobana pangeusi ( x 000) ! colspan="2" |''Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk unggal Taun (%)'' |- |'''2010''' |'''2014''' |'''2015''' | '''2010-2015''' | '''2014-2015''' |- |1 |Meureudu |18.521 |20.134 |20.657 |2,12 |2,15 |- |2 |Meurah Dua |10.164 |11.048 |11.287 |2,12 |2,16 |- |3 |Bandar Dua |23.825 |25.901 |26.460 |2,12 |2,16 |- |4 |Jangka Buya |8.776 |9.541 |9.747 |2,12 |2,16 |- |5 |Ulim |13.432 |14.604 |14.919 |2,12 |2,16 |- |6 |Trienggadeng |20.048 |21.793 |22.261 |2,12 |2,15 |- |7 |Panteraja |7.588 |8,249 |8.426 |2,12 |2,15 |- |8 |Bandar Baru |31.564 |34.314 |35.052 |2,12 |2,15 |- | |'''Pidie Jaya''' |'''133.918''' |'''145.584''' |'''148.719''' |'''2,12''' |'''2,15''' |} == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|2}} == Tempo ogé== * [[Kabupatén Pidie]] {{Kabupatén Pidie Jaya}} {{Acéh}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Pidie Jaya]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén]] [[Kategori:Babagian administratif di Indonésia]] 8h9odlxqaug017svxexyvpmr092km5v Kaliandra 0 106230 729113 704228 2026-09-26T12:33:57Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = ''Calliandra harrisii'' | image = Calliandra harrisii-bunga 9-Hayati Mayang Arum.jpg | image_caption = Kembang ''Calliandra harrisii'' di Kebun Raya Cibodas | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Fabales]] | familia = [[Fabaceae]] | genus = ''[[Calliandra]]'' | species = '''''Calliandra haematocephala Hassk.''''' | binomial = ''Calliandra harrisii'' | binomial_authority = L. | synonyms = ''Anneslia haematocephala'' (Hassk.) Britton & P.Wilson }} '''''Calliandra''''' nyaéta genus sakelompok tutuwuhan buah polong (''[[legum]]''), anu anggotana kira-kira 200 jenis. Wujudna mangrupa tangkal anu ukuranna sedeng. Kalayan kembangna nyusun loba. Di Indonésia, disebutna kaliandra. Sarta lolobana mangrupa kaliandra kembang beureum (''C. calothyrsus''). Kaliandra mangrupa tutuwuhan héjo sarta bisa digunakeun pikeun parab ingon-ingon. == Dadaran == Jangkung tangkal kaliandra kira-kira 12 méter. Akar [[Rhizobium|''rhizobium'']] jeung supa dina akar kaliandra ogé mampuh ngurangan jaradina jujukutan di sabudeureun tangkalna. Sajaba ti pikeun parab ingon-ingon, kaliandra ogé bisa ngahasilkeun néktar pikeun nyiruan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vokasi.kemdikbud.go.id/read/b/potensial-sebagai-bioenergi-politani-payakumbuh-kembangkan-tanaman-kaliandra-merah|title=Potensial Sebagai Bioenergi, Politani Payakumbuh Kembangkan Tanaman Kaliandra Merah {{!}} Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Vokasi Kemendikbudristek|website=vokasi.kemdikbud.go.id|accessdate=2025-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415032036/https://vokasi.kemdikbud.go.id/read/b/potensial-sebagai-bioenergi-politani-payakumbuh-kembangkan-tanaman-kaliandra-merah|archivedate=2025-04-15}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Artikel WikiTutuwuhan-Hayati Mayang Arum]] a49skqphix32bat1v28eku9pqeexx0q Réformasi Protéstan 0 106303 729284 704690 2026-09-26T22:13:49Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729284 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref name=":0" />'''Réformasi Protéstan''' nyaèta gerakan utama dina Kristen Kulon di Éropa dina abad ka-16 anu ngajukeun tantangan agama jeung pulitik ka Garéja Katolik Roma sarta hususna ka otoritas paus, timbul tina naon anu dianggap kasalahan, abuses, sarta inconsistencies dina Garéja Katolik. Reformasi mangrupa awal Protestanisme, jeung pamisahan Garéja Kulon kana Protestan jeung Garéja Katolik Roma. Reformasi ogé dianggap minangka salah sahiji kajadian anu nandaan ahir Abad Pertengahan jeung awal jaman modern mimiti di Éropa.[2] Gerakan ieu umumna dianggap dimimitian ku publikasi 95 Theses ku Luther dina 1517, jeung lumangsung nepi ka ahir Perang Tilu Puluh Taun jeung Peace of Westphalia di 1648.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://publishinghau5.com/The-Age-of-Enlightenment--A-History-From-Beginning-to-End-page-3.php|title=The Age of Enlightenment: A History From Beginning to End: Chapter 3|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2025-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303123359/http://publishinghau5.com/The-Age-of-Enlightenment--A-History-From-Beginning-to-End-page-3.php|archivedate=2017-03-03}}</ref> [[Kategori:Sajarah]] [[Kategori:WikiLatih Unsil]] <references />Sanajan aya usaha awal anu penting pikeun ngaréformasi Garéja Katolik sateuacan Luther - sapertos anu dilakukeun ku Jan Hus, Peter Waldo (Pierre Vaudès), jeung John Wycliffe - Martin Luther sacara lega dikreditkeun jeung ngamimitian Reformasi Protestan kalayan 95 Tesis na. Luther dimimitian ku criticizing diobral indulgences, insisting yén Paus teu boga otoritas leuwih purgatory sarta yén pangajaran Katolik ngeunaan merits para wali teu boga dadasar dina Kitab Suci. Sanajan kitu, posisi Protestan engké bakal ngasupkeun parobahan doctrinal kayaning reliance lengkep dina Kitab Suci salaku hiji sumber kapercayaan bener (sola scriptura) ogé kapercayaan yén iman ka Yesus, sarta teu karya alus, éta hiji-hijina jalan pikeun ménta panghampura Allah pikeun dosa (sola fide). Motivasi utami di balik parobahan ieu nyaéta teologis, sanajan réa faktor sanés anu dimaénkeun, kalebet kebangkitan nasionalisme, Skisma Kulon anu ngaleungitkeun iman ka Papacy, dugaan korupsi Kuria Romawi, dampak humanisme, jeung diajar anyar Renaissance anu nyababkeun réa patarosan ngeunaan tradisi.<ref name=":0" /> Gerakan awal di Éropa rupa-rupa, jeung dorongan reformasi séjén ogé muncul sorangan di luar pamingpin Luther. Ulrich Zwingli, contona, ngamimitian reformasi di Swiss pas keur waktu anu ampir sarua jeung Luther, tapi mandiri tina pangaruh Luther. John Calvin, hiji reformator generasi kadua anu ngalaksanakeun reformasi di kota Jenewa, miboga ajaran anu pohara pangaruhna dina tradisi reformasi Swiss. Nu nganut ajaran Luther disebut Lutheran, ari nu nganut ajaran Zwingli jeung Calvin disebut Calvinis atawa Reformed. Gereja Lutheran loba didirikan di Jerman jeung Skandinavia, ari gereja Reformed didirikan di Swiss, Hungaria, Perancis, Belanda, jeung Skotlandia. Gerakan anyar ieu boga pangaruh gedé ka Gereja Inggris sanggeus taun 1547 dina pamaréntahan Edward VI jeung Elizabeth I, sanajan Gereja Inggris geus mandiri dina pamaréntahan Henry VIII dina awal taun 1530-an. Aya ogé gerakan reformasi di sakuliah Éropa daratan anu disebut Reformasi Radikal, anu ngabalukarkeun gerakan Anabaptis, Moravia, jeung Pietistik séjénna. Salian ti ngabentuk komunitas-komunitas anu bébas ti otoritas nagara, para Reformis Radikal sering ngalakukeun parobahan doktrin anu leuwih ekstrim, saperti nolak prinsip-prinsip anu hasil tina Konsili Nicea jeung Konsili Kalsedon anu lumangsung dina Abad Kuno Akhir. Gereja Katolik ngaréspon ku hiji gerakan anu disebut Kontra-Reformasi, nu dimimitian ku Konsili Trente. Loba usaha pikeun ngadepankeun Protestanisme dilaksanakeun ku kalangan Yesuit, hiji tarekat anyar dina waktu éta anu geus rapih organisasina. Sacara umum, Éropa Kalér, kalawan pengecualian sabagian gedé wilayah Irlandia, aya dina pangaruh Protestanisme. Éropa Kidul tetep Katolik, ari Éropa Tengah jadi tempat konflik nu gedé, akibat ti runtuyan perang agama di Éropa nu ngahontal puncakna dina Perang Tilu Puluh Taun, anu nyababkeun daérah ieu ruksak. == Penyebab Reformasi Protestan dan Perang Agama Perancis == Alesan perpecahan agama Roma Katolik jeung munculna naon anu engke disebut agama Protestan téh sabenerna rumit pisan jeung masih jadi bahan perdebatan. Numutkeun Huston Smith, faktor ékonomi, pulitik, nasionalisme, paham individualisme renaisans, jeung kasadaran anu beuki luhur ngeunaan panyalahgunaan kakawasaan Garéja, téh mangrupa faktor penting anu boga peran dina reformasi Protestan. Tapi, hal-hal éta teu ngahalangan kanyataan yén sabab utamana téh agama, nyaéta ayana béda pendapat antara agama Roma Katolik jeung agama Protestan. Reformasi Protestan ogé disebabkeun ku kajadian dina taun 1517, nalika Johann Tetzel ngajual ablass briefe indulgence (surat pangampura hukuman temporal tina dosa) ti paus Leo X (1513-1521) pikeun ngumpulkeun duit pikeun perbaikan Garéja St. Peter di Roma. Dina hal ieu, jalma-jalma anu méré sumbangan duit sarta ngaku dosa-na dijangjikeun pangampura tina hukuman di dunya. Ku sabab éta, Martin Luther ngaréspon tindakan Tetzel kalayan nempelkeun 95 artikel (tesis) dina panto Garéja Wittenberg (31 Oktober 1517). Salajengna, Luther ogé teu ngaku kana supremasi Paus. Luther nyerat pamflet, di antarana An Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation. Krisis kawibawaan téh mangrupa faktor anu nyababkeun aya reformasi Protestan, sabab dina waktu éta kawibawaan Paus dipertanyakan alatan skisma gedé jeung akibat-akibatna. Skisma gedé (1378-1417) nyababkeun perpecahan Kristen di Barat, utamana nalika maotna Paus Gregorius XI. Golongan Italia dipingpin ku Urbanus VI, ari golongan Perancis dipingpin ku Clement VII. Kaayaan éta tuluy-terasan nepi ka taun 1417 nalika Konsili Constance (1414-1417) milih Martin V salaku Paus. Dina hiji periode singget kira-kira taun 1409, aya pihak anu ngaku-ngaku jadi Paus. a6yoyft629b08u81azl0w8rmhbwob9f Rétinol 0 106398 729286 707547 2026-09-26T22:20:05Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{chembox | ImageFile =All-trans-Retinol2.svg | ImageSize = 250px | ImageName = Retinol | ImageFile2 = Retinol 3D balls.png | ImageSize2 = 200px | ImageName2 = Stick model of retinol | ImageFile3 = Retinol 3D ball.png | ImageSize3 = 200px | ImageName3 = Ball model of retinol | IUPACName =(2''E'',4''E'',6''E'',8''E'')-3,7-dimetil-9-(2,6,6-trimetilsikloheks-1-enil)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol | OtherNames = | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 68-26-8 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}} | PubChem = 1071 | SMILES = CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/CO)/C)/C | MeSHName = }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | C=20|H=30|O=1 | Appearance = | Density = | MeltingPt = | BoilingPt = }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards | Solubility = | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | Autoignition = }} }} '''Rétinol''', kasohor ogé minangka [[vitamin A1]], nyaéta mangrupa [[vitamin]] dina kulawarga [[vitamin A]] anu kapanggih dina kadaharan jeung digunakeun salaku ''[[suplemen]]'' dahareun.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/|title=Vitamin A — Health Professional Fact Sheet|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2025-03-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212224704/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/|archivedate=2016-12-12}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lidén|first=Martin|last2=Eriksson|first2=Ulf|date=2006-05-12|title=Understanding Retinol Metabolism: Structure and Function of Retinol Dehydrogenases *|url=https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(19)74831-5/fulltext|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry|language=English|volume=281|issue=19|pages=13001–13004|doi=10.1074/jbc.R500027200|issn=0021-9258|pmid=16428379}}</ref>Rétinol sarta wangun séjénna tina vitamin A diperlukeun pikeun paningali, kamekaran sél, ngarumat [[kulit]], jeung sistem selaput lendir, sistem [[imun]], sarta kamekaran réproduksi.<ref name=":0" /> Rétinol bisa kapanggih dina kadaharan, upamana [[lauk]], produksi [[susu]], atawa [[daging]].<ref name=":0" /> Rétinol dina dosis anu normal bisa ngadatangkeun rupa-rupa mangpaat, tapi upama digunakeun sacara kaleuleuwihi, bisa nimbulkeun rupa-rupa épék samping, upamana kulit jadi garing, p''embengkakan hati'', jeung ''hipervitaminosis.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/vitamin-a.html|title=Vitamin A Monograph for Professionals|website=Drugs.com|language=en|accessdate=2025-03-22}}</ref> == Kauntungan Rétinol Pikeun Pameunteu == === Ngahambat tanda-tanda kolot === Kulit téh ngabutuhkeun kolagén sangkan tetep kenyal, jeung padet. Hanjakal, nalika umur nambahan, produksi [[kolagén]] bakal beuki ngurangan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bellemère|first=G.|last2=Stamatas|first2=G.N.|last3=Bruère|first3=V.|last4=Bertin|first4=C.|last5=Issachar|first5=N.|last6=Oddos|first6=T.|date=2009-07-31|title=Antiaging Action of Retinol: From Molecular to Clinical|url=https://karger.com/spp/article-abstract/22/4/200/295495/Antiaging-Action-of-Retinol-From-Molecular-to|journal=Skin Pharmacology and Physiology|volume=22|issue=4|pages=200–209|doi=10.1159/000231525|issn=1660-5527}}</ref> Dina ieu hal, rétinol miboga pungsi pikeun ngaronjatkeun produksi kolagén, ku kituna rétinol téh bisa ngahambat timbulna tanda-tanda kolot.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.siloamhospitals.com/informasi-siloam/artikel/apa-itu-retinol|title=Rumah sakit dengan pelayanan berkualitas - Siloam Hospitals|website=www.siloamhospitals.com|accessdate=2025-03-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fahum.umsu.ac.id/blog/manfaat-dan-efek-samping-penggunaan-retinol/|title=Manfaat dan Efek Samping Penggunaan Retinol|website=Blog Info dan Berita|language=id|accessdate=2025-03-22}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>  Sajaba ti éta, retinol ogé mantuan ngajaga kulit tina cahaya panonpoé anu kaleuleuwihi, ku kituna dipercaya bisa nyamarkeun plék hideung dina beungeut alatan kolot, sarta ngurangan ''actinic keratosis'', nyaéta bintik kulit anu bisa jadi nyababkeun kangker.<ref name=":1" />   === Ngubaran Éwateun  === Mangpaat rétinol satuluyna nyaéta bisa ngabantu ngungkulan éwateun ti mimiti nu hampang nepi ka nu parna. Bahan aktip ieu sanggup meresihan [[minyak]], [[késang]], sésa mék'ap, jeung kotoran anu mindeng mepetan [[pori-pori]], anu bisa nyababkeun timbulna [[éwateun]].<ref name=":1" />   Lamun dipaké sacara rutin dina perawatan kulit sapopoé, rétinol bisa ngajaga pori-pori tetep bersih sarta ngontrol produksi minyak anu kaleuleuwihi, ku kituna éwateun téh bisa kacegah.<ref name=":1" /> === Ngurangan ''Hiperpigmentasi''   === Kauntungan séjén tina retinol nyaéta bisa ngurangan ''hiperpigmentasi'' anu nyababkeun warna kulit teu rata. ''[[Hiperpigmentasi]]'' ieu biasana alatan cahaya [[panonpoé]] anu lila teuing atawa tapak éwateun anu hésé leungitna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://diricare.com/artikel/manfaat-retinol-untuk-wajah|title=6 Manfaat Retinol untuk Wajah, Ketahui Cara Pakai dan Efek Sampingnya Ya!|website=diricare.com|language=id|accessdate=2025-03-22}}</ref> Upama kulit ngabogaan masalah sarupa kitu, ngagunakeun produk anu ngandung rétinol bisa jadi salah sahiji solusina. Rétinol bisa mantuan dina ngaganti kulit ku nu leuwih séhat sarta ngahambat produksi [[mélanin]]. Ku kituna, warna kulit bakal rata deui, kalayan urang bisa leuwih percaya diri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempo.co/gaya-hidup/7-manfaat-retinol-untuk-kulit-wajah-meratakan-warna-kulit-sekaligus-antiaging--92369|title=7 Manfaat Retinol untuk Kulit Wajah: Meratakan Warna Kulit sekaligus Antiaging|website=Tempo|language=id|accessdate=2025-03-22}}</ref>  === Mantuan Kulit Leuwih lembab jeung Lemes === Siklus gantina kulit sacara alami biasana merlukeun waktu 3–4 minggu, tapi nalika umur beuki kolot, prosés ieu bakal beuki lila. Akibatna, kulit leuwih karasa garing jeung kasar. Tapi ku cara ngagunakeun rétinol, bisa mantuan nyepetkeun ngagantina kulit. Ku kituna kulit katingali leuwih cerah jeung séhat. Sajaba ti éta, retinol ogé bisa ngaronjatkeun kadar cai dina kulit, nepi ka kulit karasa leuwih lemes jeung lembab.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malanginspirasi.com/lifestyle/kecantikan/1761/cara-menjaga-kelembaban-kulit-saat-menggunakan-retinol/|title=Cara Menjaga Kelembaban Kulit saat Menggunakan Retinol|last=Halizah|first=Rizkha Nur|website=Malang Inspirasi|language=en-US|accessdate=2025-03-22}}</ref>   == Rujukan == pdqzngtywtid5br84ar82obll65kmve Vihara Pemancar Keselamatan 0 106650 729344 684622 2026-09-27T02:03:47Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729344 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Vihara Pemancar Keselamatan (3).jpg|jmpl|Wangunan vihara ti luar]] '''Vihara Pemancar Keselamatan''' katelah ogé Vihara Boen San Tong<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://delik.tv/2025/05/04/menengok-boen-san-tong-yang-dijuluki-vihara-perempuan-di-cirebon/|title=Menengok Boen San Tong yang Dijuluki Vihara Perempuan di Cirebon|website=Delik TV}}</ref> mangrupakeun salah sahiji wangunan vihara pang kolotna di wilayah [[Kota Cirebon|Cirebon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fajarcirebon.com/kunjungi-vihara-pemancar-keselamatan-cagub-jeje-suarakan-toleransi/|title=Kunjungi Vihara Pemancar Keselamatan, Cagub Jeje Suarakan Toleransi|last=Andriyana|website=Fajar Cirebon|language=id|accessdate=2025-07-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424123031/https://fajarcirebon.com/kunjungi-vihara-pemancar-keselamatan-cagub-jeje-suarakan-toleransi/|archivedate=2025-04-24}}</ref> Vihara ieu adeg di Jalan Winaon [[Pekalipan, Pekalipan, Cirebon|Kecamatan Pekalipan]], Kota Cirebon. Vihara anu geus adeg mangratus-ratus taun ieu leuwih dipikawanoh ku masarakat ku sebutan Vihara Dewi Pek Ku Thay Fud. Ngaran ieu nunjukeun kana hiji déwi anu dipupujuhkeun éstuning simbul welas asih jeung panyalindungan, utamana keur ka komnitas [[Tionghoa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citrust.id/vihara-pemancar-keselamatan-cirebon-hanya-satu-satunya-di-indonesia.html|title=Vihara Pemancar Keselamatan Cirebon Hanya Satu-satunya di Indonesia|last=citrust|website=citrust.id|language=id|accessdate=2025-07-26}}</ref> VIhara ieu diadegkeun taun 1680 ceuk sabahagian sumber, aya ogé anu nyebutken yén vihara ieu adeg taun 1984. Vihara ieu jadi saksi akulturasi budaya Tionghoa di pasisir Kalér Jawa. Anu matak istiméwa tina Vihara Pemancar Kesalametan téh nyaéta ayana altar husus pikeun Dewi Pek Ku Thay Fud—hiji-hijina di Indonésia. Nyaéta sababna, masarakat leuwih resep nyebut vihara ieu minangka Kuil Dewi Pek Ku Thay Fud. Dina kapercayaan Tionghoa, Dewi ieu dianggap minangka nu maparin kasalametan jeung kabagjaan dina sagala rupa kahirupan—ti mimiti usaha, kaséhatan, nepi ka pagawéan.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wihara.org/listings/boen-san-tong-vihara-pemancar-keselamatan/129|title=Boen San Tong Vihara Pemancar Keselamatan|last=Ciberindo|website=wihara.org|accessdate=2025-07-26}}</ref> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Cagar Budaya 2.0]] r2vy38ujrmheuoj93d2qim0shlgzpp8 Maria 0 107000 729221 698060 2026-09-26T17:13:58Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Bunda Maria | image = Madonna Advocata.png | imagesize = 287px | alt = Slightly faded painting of a woman wearing a black veil, staring out of the portrait. Her hands are raised. The image is on a gold background. | caption = Lukisan '''Madonna del Rosario''' mangrupakeun salah sahiji Ikon pang kolotna Bunda Maria di Kota Roma | birth_date = Dina taun 18 SM | birth_place = di [[Kakaisaran Romawi]] | death_date = Dina taun 48 M <ref>[https://maryourhelp.org/e-books/mariology/Mary-the-mother-of-God.pdf Mary The Mother of God], Mary's Death. p. 3.</ref> <br>or <ref>„The lives of the saints“, Volume I, Tbilisi, 2001.</ref> (72 tahun)<ref>According to [[Epiphanius of Salamis]], [[George Kedrenos]]</ref> | death_place = di Kota [[Yerusalem]], [[Yudea (Provinsi Romawi)|Provinsi Yudea]], [[Kakaisaran Romawi]]<br />.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Tomb of the Blessed Virgin Mary |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14774a.htm |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=www.newadvent.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tomb of Mary: Location and Significance: University of Dayton, Ohio |url=https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/t/tomb-of-mary-location-and-significance.php |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=udayton.edu}}</ref> | spouse = [[Yusuf dari Nazaret|Santo Yusuf]] | children = [[Yésus Kristus]] | parents = [[Yoakim|Santo Yoakim]] dan [[Anna|Santa Anna]] }} '''Maria''' ([[basa Aram]]: מרים; [[Basa Yunani|Yunani]]: Μαριαμ; [[Basa Arab|Arab]]: مريم) téh indungna Isa Almasih nurutkeun [[Alkitab]] [[Perjangjian Anyar]], sarta indung Nabi Isa nurutkeun [[Qur'an|Al-Qur’an]]. Dina kapercayaan [[Katolik]] jeung sababaraha golongan [[Karésten]] séjénna saperti [[Ortodoks]] jeung [[Protéstan]], Bunda Maria téh saméméhna tunangan lajeng jadi pamajikan Yusuf. Numutkeun sumber non-kanonik, kolotna Maria nyaéta [[Santo Yoakhim]] jeung [[Santa Anna]]. Dina [[Kitab Talmud]] disebutkeun yén bapana Maria ngaranna “Heli” atawa “Eli”, sakumaha anu kacatet dina [[Kitab Lukas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mechon-mamre.org/b/r/r2b.htm|title=ירושלמי - מסכת חגיגה|website=mechon-mamre.org|accessdate=2025-10-11}}</ref> Sedengkeun nurutkeun Al-Qur’an, bapana Siti Maryam nyaéta Imran, anu ngaranna ogé disebut dina surat ''Ali Imran''.Umat Karésten percaya yén Maria, anu waktu harita masih kénéh parawan, meunang béja ti Malaikat Jibril yén manehna bakal ngandung saurang juru salamet, nyaéta Isa Almasih putra Allah anu sumping ka dunya pikeun nebus dosa umat manusa. == Gelar-gelar Bunda Maria == Gelar anu pang mindeng kadéngé pikeun Bunda Maria nyaéta “Santa Maria” jeung “Theotokos”. Duanana geus ditetepkeun dina [[Konsili Ekumenis Katilu]] di Kota [[Efesus]] dina taun 431 Masehi. Dina harti téologisna, gelar éta nétélakeun yén Isa Almasih téh lengkep minangka Allah sarta lengkep minangka manusa. Dua sipat Isa — Ilahi jeung Insani — ngahiji dina hiji pribadi anu tunggal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Widodo|first=Agus|date=2021|title=Maria dalam Misteri Kristus dan dalam Hidup Gereja|url=https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/jt/article/view/5931|journal=Jurnal Teologi (Journal of Theology)|language=id|volume=10|issue=2|pages=195–214|doi=10.24071/jt.v11i02.5931|issn=2579-3934}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Salian ti éta, Bunda Maria ogé miboga sababaraha gelar séjén, saperti “Bunda Nu Pinuh Karunya” (''Mater Misericordiae''). Gelar “Maria Bunda Allah” (''Theotokos'') diperingatkeun unggal tanggal 1 Januari, “Maria Narima Warta Kabungahan” unggal 25 Maret, “Maria Nu Diangkat ka Sawarga” (''Maria Assumpta'') dina 15 Agustus, jeung “Maria Nu Dikonci Tanpa Dosa” (''Maria Immaculata'') dina 8 Désémber.<ref name=":0" /> == Kahirupan == Maria cicing di [[Nazaréth|Kota Nazaréth]]. Kolotna, nyaéta Yoakhim jeung Anna, geus ngajodokeun Maria jeung Yusuf anu asalna ti kulawarga Daud. Dina hiji poé, Malaikat Gabriel nyampeurkeun ka Maria pikeun ngawartakeun yén manéhna bakal jadi indung ti Al Masih anu geus dijangjikeun ku Gusti Allah, ngaliwatan mujijat Roh Suci. Waktu Yusuf ngadéngé béjana ngeunaan kakandungan Maria tina impian anu dibikeun ku Malaikat Gabriel, manéhna kacida reuwasna. Tapi malaikat éta ngingetan sangkan Yusuf ulah sieun pikeun narima Maria jadi pamajikanana. Yusuf tuluy nurutan paréntah éta sarta ngalaksanakeun upacara perkawinan nurutkeun adat istiadat waktu harita. Maria ogé baraya jeung Elisabeét. Malaikat Gabriel ngawartakeun yén Élisabét, anu saméméhna teu bisa boga anak, ayeuna geus kakandungan. Sanggeus ngadéngé béja éta, Maria buru-buru nganjang ka Élisabét anu cicing di [[Yuttah|kota Yuttah]], wewengkon Yudéa. Sababaraha waktu ti harita, [[Kaisar Tibérius]] ngaluarkeun paréntah supaya sakabéh rahayat [[Kakaisaran Romawi]] balik ka kampung asalna masing-masing pikeun ngalakukeun sénsus penduduk. Sanggeus ngadéngé béja éta, Maria jeung Yusuf balik ka kota asalna, Nazaréth. Waktu maranéhna aya di Bétléhém, waktuna Maria ngalahirkeun geus datang. Tapi can aya tempat panginepan anu bisa dipaké. Tungtungna, maranéhna manggihan hiji kandang domba anu kosong, sarta di dinya anu ahirna Maria ngalahirkeun Jurusalamet, Yésus Kristus. == Référénsi == ldvu189zjd21sjvyvbwedjx3lgsuuii Citakan:Country data Amerika Serikat 10 107030 729343 698252 2026-09-27T01:57:09Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Data nagara Amérika Sarikat]] 729343 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Data nagara Amérika Sarikat]] g0z858lsg4f78lyqs559e4zx1z8v3wn Citakan:Country data Jerman 10 107031 729388 698300 2026-09-27T05:00:05Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Data nagara Jérman]] 729388 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Data nagara Jérman]] k00tzwmrz6b2gcbdvo38s006lwof4hn Citakan:Country data Républik Indonésia Sarikat 10 107500 729305 699652 2026-09-27T00:05:09Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Country data Republik Indonesia Serikat]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Républik Indonésia Sarikat]] 699651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} |alias=Republik Indonesia Serikat |flag alias=Flag of Indonesia.svg |size={{{size|}}} |name={{{name|}}} |atlink={{{atlink|}} |variant={{{variant|}}} | kategori = bekas negara <noinclude> |redir1=Republik Indonesia Serikat |redir2=RIS |related1=Indonesia</noinclude> }} mn3znlyokmnlhk85e0oky7wv83okd4z 729307 729305 2026-09-27T00:07:56Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} |alias=Républik Indonésia Sarikat |flag alias=Flag of Indonesia.svg |size={{{size|}}} |name={{{name|}}} |atlink={{{atlink|}} |variant={{{variant|}}} |kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> |redir1=Républik Indonésia Sarikat |redir2=RIS |related1=Indonésia</noinclude> }} 88ca6i0ot5pl5o1cs641o1mc9i2sn8u Titik Bulao Puseur 0 107660 729319 703420 2026-09-27T01:01:33Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Pale Blue Dot cropped 2.png|jmpl|Titik Biru Pucat]] '''Titik Bulao Puseur''' (''Pale Blue Dot'') nyaéta poto planét Bumi anu dicokot tanggal 14 Pébruari 1990 ku [[wahana antariksa Voyager I]] ti jarak kira-kira 6 milyar kilométer (3,7 milyar mil, atanapi 40 SA), salaku bagian tina runtuyan potrét kulawarga [[Surya Mandala|Tata Surya]]. Dina éta poto, ukuran Bumi ngan sakitar satengah piksel (0,12 piksel); Bumi katempo salaku titik leutik pisan di tengah rubakna ruang angkasa, di antara garis cahaya panonpoé anu bias ku optik kaméra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.planetary.org/worlds/pale-blue-dot|title=A Pale Blue Dot|website=The Planetary Society|language=en|accessdate=2025-11-23}}</ref> Voyager I, nu kakara rengsé misi utamana sarta rék ninggalkeun tata surya, diparéntahkeun ku [[NASA]] pikeun muterkeun kamérana sarta nyokot poto Bumi ti kajauhan, numutkeun paménta ti [[astronom]] jeung panulis [[Carl Sagan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fettss.arc.nasa.gov/collection/details/the-pale-blue-dot/|title=FETTSS:|website=fettss.arc.nasa.gov|language=en|accessdate=2025-11-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218203249/http://fettss.arc.nasa.gov/collection/details/the-pale-blue-dot/ |date=2014-12-18 }}</ref> == Kasang tukang == [[Gambar:Voyager.jpg|jmpl|Wahana luar angkasa Voyager 1]] Dina bulan Séptémber 1977, NASA ngaluncurkeun Voyager 1, hiji wahana antariksa robotik beuratna 722 kilogram pikeun nalungtik bagian luar Tata Surya sarta tuluy neruskeun ka ruang antarbintang. Sanggeus ngaliwatan sistem Jupiter taun 1979 jeung sistem Saturnus taun 1980, misi utamana diumumkeun réngsé dina bulan Nopémber taun anu sarua. Voyager 1 jadi wahana kahiji anu nyadiakeun gambar-gambar jéntré tina dua planét panggedéna jeung satelit-satelit utamana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://starbrite.jpl.nasa.gov/pds/viewMissionProfile.jsp?MISSION_NAME=VOYAGER|title=PDS Mission Profile|website=starbrite.jpl.nasa.gov|accessdate=2025-11-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721052910/http://starbrite.jpl.nasa.gov/pds/viewMissionProfile.jsp?MISSION_NAME=VOYAGER |date=2011-07-21 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/masterCatalog.do?sc=1977-084A|title=WebCite query result|website=www.webcitation.org|accessdate=2025-11-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301092839/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/masterCatalog.do?sc=1977-084A|archivedate=2017-03-01}}</ref> Wahana ieu terus ngalaju dina kecepatan kurang leuwih 64.000 km/jam, ngajadikeun éta benda buatan manusa nu pangjauhna ti Bumi sarta nu pangheulana kaluar ti Tata Surya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_upSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=noEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4800,1930437&dq=pale-blue-dot+-book&hl=en|title=The Prescott Courier - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|accessdate=2025-11-23}}</ref> Misinya dipanjangkeun sarta masih lumangsung nepi ka ayeuna, kalayan tujuan nalungtik wates Tata Surya, kaasup sabuk Kuiper, heliosfer, jeung ruang antarbintang. Sanggeus jalan 48 taun, 2 bulan, jeung 6 poé (per 13 Nopémber 2025), Voyager 1 masih narima parentah jeung ngirimkeun data ka ''Deep Space Network''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/1280-earthly-view-mars.html|title=An Earthly View of Mars|last=published|first=Dale Anderson|website=Space|language=en|accessdate=2025-11-23}}</ref> Voyager 1 ti awalna diperkirakeun bakal jalan nepi ka papasan jeung [[Saturnus]] wungkul. Nalika ngaliwatan planét éta dina 1980, Carl Sagan ngusulkeun supaya wahana éta nyokot hiji poto terakhir Bumi. Anjeunna nyaho yén fotona moal miboga nilai ilmiah gedé sabab Bumi bakal kacida leutikna, tapi éta gambar bisa masihan sudut pandang anu penting ngeunaan tempat urang di jagat raya. Sanajan loba anggota tim Voyager satuju kana usulan éta, aya kasieun yén nyokot poto Bumi nu deukeut ka Panonpoé bisa ngaruksak sistem kaméra nu teu bisa dibenerkeun. Usulan Sagan kakara dilaksanakeun dina taun 1989, tapi kalibrasi instrumen nyababkeun tunda deui, sarta sababaraha pagawé nu biasa ngirimkeun parentah radio ka Voyager 1 geus dialihkeun atawa dileupaskeun. Tungtungna, Administrator NASA Richard Truly turun tangan pikeun mastikeun yén poto éta ahirna dicokot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_upSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=noEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4800,1930437&dq=pale-blue-dot+-book&hl=en|title=The Prescott Courier - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|accessdate=2025-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=An Alien View Of Earth|url=https://www.npr.org/2010/02/12/123614938/an-alien-view-of-earth|newspaper=NPR|date=2010-02-12|access-date=2025-11-23|language=en|first=Nell|last=Greenfieldboyce}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} 1p40l56uieg8iwi85kh5pq2mxg7phb8 Karaton Surosowan 0 107894 729163 710717 2026-09-26T12:59:17Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729163 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Keraton Surosowan (2).jpg|jmpl]] '''Karaton Surosowan''' nyaéta salah sahiji cagar budaya anu aya di kecamatan Kasemén, kawasan Banten Lama,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/sisa-sisa-kejayaan-banten-di-reruntuhan-keraton-surosowan/|title=Sisa-Sisa Kejayaan Banten di Reruntuhan Keraton Surosowan|website=Indonesia Kaya|accessdate=2026-03-01}}</ref> kota [[Serang]], Provinsi [[Banten]] dumasar kana Kaputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 139/M1998 jeung Keputusan Bupati Sérang Nomor 430/Kep 459-Huk/2006 anu diwangun dina masa pamarentahan Sultan [[Maulana Hasanuddin]] salaku sultan Banten kahiji.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/kanwil-banten/baca-artikel/17595/Keraton-Surosowan-Peninggalan-Masa-Kejayaan-Kesultanan-Banten.html|title=Keraton Surosowan, Peninggalan Masa Kejayaan Kesultanan Banten|last=Asya|first=Heri|accessdate=1 Maret 2026}}</ref> Karaton ieu baheulana puseur karajaan jeung istana sultan Banten.<ref name=":1" /> Ngaran surosowan dumasar kana basa Jawa nyaéta suro jeung sowan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvrijakartanews.com/article/News/6647|title=Asal Usul Keraton Surosowan, Pusat Pemerintahan Kerajaan Banten yang Masih Populer|website=tvrijakartanews.com|accessdate=2026-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624223400/https://tvrijakartanews.com/article/News/6647|archivedate=2025-06-24}}</ref> == Pangwangunan == Karaton Surosowan diwangun dina taun 1526-1570 dina masa Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin. Sajarah pangwangunan karaton ieu aya patalina jeung wewengkon anu dibéré ku Sunan Gunung Jati ka putrana, Sultan Maulana Hasanudin.<ref name=":1" /> Pangwangunan keraton ieu aya opat tahap. Kahiji, tembok diwangun ti batu batu bata dina sabudeureun karaton anu miboga tinggi nepi ka 100-125 meter. Kadua, pangwangnan témbok bagian jero nu miboga fungsi keur nahan témbakan sarupaning bénténg. Katilu, pangwangunan rohangan-rohangan dina sapanjang témbok belah kalér jeung tatambihan lantai pikeun ngahontal tembok panahan. Kaopat, aya parobahan dina panto gerbang belah kalér jeung belah wétan.<ref name=":0" /> == Sajarah == Dina masa pamarentahan Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa taun 1680, karaton surosowan tos sababaraha kali ngalaman karuksakan ku sabab paséa jeung Sultan Haji. Saanggeus Sultan Haji jantén diangkat ku VOC, anjeunna ngalereskeun wawangunan karaton dina taun 1672-1687 ku sabab dibantosan ku urang Walanda nyaéta Hendrik Laurenzns Cardeel. Ku sabab Cardeel miboga jasa dina pamugaran karaton, anjeunna dibere gelar Pangéran Wiraguna.<ref name=":0" /> Dina taun 1808, karaton ieu diruksak deui ku sabab aya sengkéta antara Walanda anu dipingpin ku Daéndels jeung sultan Banten dina zaman eta. Pangrusakan keraton nepi ka taun 1832.<ref name=":0" /> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Artikel Tim WCB 3.0]] 5xqh15gsk5keddi1g84zwpnijfvpkmq Kamp Plantungan 0 107975 729123 707536 2026-09-26T12:41:48Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729123 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamp Plantungan''' nyaéta hiji kamp interniran pikeun tahanan pulitik awéwé dina mangsa pamaréntahan [[Orde Baru]] di [[Indonésia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Budiardjo|first=Carmel|date=1974-08|title=Political imprisonment in Indonesia|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14672715.1974.10410744|journal=Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|pages=20–23|doi=10.1080/14672715.1974.10410744|issn=0007-4810}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Women, sexual violence and the Indonesian killings of 1965-66|last=Pohlman|first=Annie|publisher=Taylor & Franci|year=2014|isbn=9781317817949.|location=New York}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Gerwani: kisah tapol wanita di Kamp Plantungan|last=Lestariningsih|first=Amurwani Dwi|publisher=Kompas|isbn=9789797096021.|location=Jakarta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-58381288|title=G30S: Cerita penyintas 1965 yang 'diasingkan' di kamp khusus tapol perempuan Plantungan, ironi 'hidup di alam bebas tapi terkungkung kawat berduri'|website=BBC News Indonesia|language=id|accessdate=2026-03-10}}</ref> Jumlah tahanan di tempat ieu kira-kira aya sakitar 500 urang. Kalolobaanana mangrupakeun anggota [[Partéy Komunis Indonésia]] (PKI) anu geus dilarang, ogé anggota organisasi anu aya patalina jeung éta partéy, saperti Lekra, [[Gerakan Wanita Indonésia|Gerwani]], jeung sababaraha organisasi kénca lianna. Sabagian gedé tina maranéhna kaasup kana golongan tahanan Kategori B, nyaéta jalma-jalma anu nurutkeun katerangan resmi sabenerna teu miboga bukti atawa dakwaan anu jelas ngalawan maranéhna.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Kamp ieu ayana di Kabupatén Kendal, deukeut Semarang, [[Jawa Tengah]], sarta dioperasikeun antara taun 1971 nepi ka 1979.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Suharto's grievous human right: The case of Buru Islands abuses". Dalam Wieringa, Saskia E.; Pohlman, Annie; Melvin, Jess (ed.). The International People's Tribunal for 1965 and the Indonesian genocide|last=Adam|first=Asmi Warman|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780429764950|location=Abingdon, Oxon}}</ref> Sababaraha tokoh anu kungsi jadi tahanan di Kamp Plantungan di antarana [[Umi Sardjono]], Ketua Gerwani; [[Salawati Daud]]; [[Mia Bustam]], saurang seniman anu ogé pamajikan ti pelukis [[Sindoedarsono Soedjojono]]; [[dr. Sumiyarsi Siwirini]], saurang aktivis kénca; sarta [[Siti Suratih]], pamajikan ti salah sahiji pamingpin PKI, [[Oloan Hutapea]]. == Ti Rumah Sakit Lepra jadi Kamp Konsentrasi == Plantungan nyaéta salah sahiji désa anu ayana di wates antara [[Kabupatén Kendal]] jeung [[Kabupatén Batang]], Jawa Tengah. Dina mangsa pamaréntahan [[Hindia-Walanda|kolonial Walanda]], tempat ieu dipaké minangka lokasi pikeun nampung penderita [[lépra]]. Salila ampir saratus taun sanggeus diadegkeun dina taun 1870, jalma-jalma anu kaserang panyakit lépra diasingkeun jeung diisolasi di désa ieu. Dina dasawarsa 1970-an, Plantungan robah fungsi jadi tempat pangasingan pikeun kira-kira 500 awéwé anu dihukum atawa dianggap aya patalina jeung Partéy Komunis Indonésia (PKI). Ngaran Plantungan mémang teu sakitu kawentar dibandingkeun jeung Pulau Buru, anu dipaké minangka tempat pangasingan pikeun tahanan pulitik anu patalina jeung gerakan PKI, boh kader boh simpatisanna. Sanajan kitu, désa Plantungan jadi saksi tina carita hirup para awéwé anu kungsi aya patalina jeung gerakan komunis. Boh anggota PKI boh anggota organisasi anu aya patalina jeung éta partéy, maranéhna diasingkeun di urut rumah sakit husus penderita lépra éta. Di dinya, kira-kira aya 500 awéwé anu ditahan salila sababaraha taun lantaran dianggap aya hubungan jeung gerakan komunis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.rnw.nl/bahasa-indonesia/node/79802|title=Kamp Tapol Perempuan G30S/PKI di Plantungan - Kendal|accessdate=2026-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602174115/http://m.rnw.nl/bahasa-indonesia/node/79802|archivedate=2014-06-02}}</ref> Sabagian aktivis [[hak asasi manusa]] nyebutkeun yén perlakuan ka para tahanan pulitik di tempat éta mindeng dianggap teu manusiawi. Para tahanan awéwé disebut-sebut meunang panyiksaan, boh sacara fisik boh sacara mental, salila mangtaun-taun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elsam.or.id/downloads/1306465498_Suara_Korban_yang_tak_Tertahankan_Rini_1804_edit-zainal.pdf|title=Suara Korban yang tak Tertahankan|accessdate=2026-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602202829/http://www.elsam.or.id/downloads/1306465498_Suara_Korban_yang_tak_Tertahankan_Rini_1804_edit-zainal.pdf|archivedate=2011-06-02}}</ref> Para tahanan pulitik awéwé ieu henteu ngan ukur ngalaman sangsara lantaran ditangkep, ditahan, dipenjara, atawa diasingkeun, tapi ogé aya anu ngalaman rupa-rupa perlakuan kasar anu ngarendahkeun martabat manusa sarta mangaruhan kahirupan pribadina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/kejamnya-penjara-dan-pelecehan-seks-untuk-mereka-yang-dicap-pki.html|title=Kejamnya penjara dan pelecehan seks untuk mereka yang dicap PKI|website=merdeka.com|language=id|accessdate=2026-03-10}}</ref> Padahal, para awéwé éta asalna tina rupa-rupa latar tukang, aya anu ti kalangan inteléktual, pendidik, aktivis buruh, nepi ka aktivis tani. Sabagian di antarana mangrupakeun anggota organisasi awéwé anu dingaranan Gerakan Wanita Indonesia (Gerwani), anu dina sajarahna dipikawanoh minangka salah sahiji organisasi anu boga hubungan jeung PKI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.okezone.com/read/2011/10/01/340/509376/ini-kisah-ketua-gerwani-kabupaten-blitar|title=Ini Kisah Ketua Gerwani Kabupaten Blitar : Okezone News|last=Okezone|website=https://news.okezone.com/|language=id-ID|accessdate=2026-03-10}}</ref> Dina mangsa Orde Baru, Gerwani sering disebut minangka salah sahiji gerakan awéwé anu kungsi cukup progresif. Organisasi ieu resmi diadegkeun dina taun 1954, sanajan cikal bakalna geus aya ti taun 1950. Dina kagiatanana, Gerwani cukup aktip di kalangan rahayat leutik, boh di kota boh di désa. Salah sahiji agenda anu diperjuangkeun ku Gerwani nyaéta ngahimpun awéwé pikeun merjuangkeun kasetaraan gender, nolak prak-prakan poligami, sarta nyorong supaya awéwé bisa ilubiung dina kahirupan pulitik. Organisasi ieu ogé dipikawanoh lantang dina ngalawan rupa-rupa bentuk diskriminasi gender anu harita masih kénéh kuat di masarakat. Maranéhna ogé mindeng nyuarakeun kritik kana sistem sosial patriarki anu mangaruhan hubungan sosial dina rupa-rupa widang kahirupan. Gerakan anu progresif ieu kungsi jadi bagian tina dinamika pulitik di Indonésia dina mangsa pamaréntahan Présidén Soekarno.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiependen.com/para-aktivis-wanita-dibui-tanpa-proses-pengadilan/|title=Para Aktivis Wanita Dibui, Tanpa Proses Pengadilan|accessdate=2026-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601003124/http://indiependen.com/para-aktivis-wanita-dibui-tanpa-proses-pengadilan/|archivedate=2014-06-01}}</ref> == Sanggeus Kajadian Gerakan 30 Séptémber == Kajadian Gerakan 30 Séptémber 1965 jadi salah sahiji peristiwa penting dina sajarah pulitik Indonésia anu boga pangaruh gedé kana nasib organisasi Gerakan Wanita Indonesia (Gerwani). Sanggeus kajadian éta, rupa-rupa béja jeung isu sumebar di masarakat anu nyababkeun Gerwani tungtungna dibubarkeun sarta dibungkam, sarua jeung nasib Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI). Dina mangsa saterusna, gambaran ngeunaan peran Gerwani dina kajadian éta ogé mucunghul dina film ''[[Penumpasan Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI]]'', anu nembongkeun sababaraha adegan panyiksaan ka para [[Pahlawan Révolusi]]. Sanajan kitu, hasil otopsi resmi henteu nunjukkeun ayana tanda-tanda panyiksaan dina awak para korban, sanajan aya tatu anu disababkeun ku tembakan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://indoprogress.com/2012/10/memecah-pembisuan-membongkar-tabu-mendengar-suara-korban-tragedi-1965/|title=Memecah Pembisuan, Membongkar Tabu: Mendengar Suara Korban Tragedi 1965|website=IndoPROGRESS|language=id|accessdate=2026-03-10}}</ref> Sabagian panalungtik jeung pihak séjén nganggap yén gambaran dina film karya [[Arifin C. Noer]] jeung [[Amoroso Katamsi]] éta henteu sakabéhna saluyu jeung fakta sajarah. Dina prosés nyieun film éta, Arifin C. Noer disebut-sebut kungsi ngalakukeun panalungtikan sarta wawancara jeung [[Sjam Kamaruzaman]], anu mangrupa urut pejabat biro husus PKI, kira-kira dina taun 1982–1983. Adegan-adegan anu nyaritakeun kajadian di wewengkon Lubang Buaya dina film éta tuluy jadi salah sahiji rujukan dina narasi resmi pamaréntah ngeunaan kajadian G30S. Dina mangsa pamaréntahan Orde Baru, organisasi anu aya patalina jeung PKI, kaasup Gerwani, dibubarkeun ngaliwatan Ketetapan MPRS No. 25 Tahun 1966, anu engké dipertegas deui ku Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 2003. Kaputusan éta ogé teu leupas tina tekenan jeung réaksi masarakat anu geus muncul ti awal taun 1966 sarta terus nyambung kana sababaraha kajadian pulitik saterusna, kaasup peristiwa di [[Blitar, Madukara, Banjarnegara|Blitar]] taun 1968.<ref name=":2" /> Dina film éta ogé digambarkeun hiji adegan anu dikenal minangka “tarian harum bunga”, anu diiringan ku lagu “Genjer-Genjer”. Dina gambaran éta disebutkeun yén lagu éta dinyanyikeun ku sababaraha anggota [[Resimen Tjakrabirawa]], Gerwani, jeung Pemuda Rakyat.<ref name=":2" /> Samentara éta, prosés [[otopsi]] ka para Pahlawan Révolusi dilakukeun ku tim dokter anu di antarana diwangun ku [[dr. Brigjen. Roebiono Kartopati]], [[dr. Kol. Frans Pattiasina]], [[Prof. dr. Sutomo Tjokronegoro]], [[dr. Liau Yan Siang]], jeung [[dr. Lim Joe Thay]]. Tina hasil pamariksaan éta, henteu kapanggih tanda-tanda panyiksaan dina awak para jénderal, sanajan aya tatu tembakan dina sababaraha bagian awakna.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Creeping Coup D'etat: Kesaksian Hari-Hari Terakhir Bersama Bapak|last=Soekarnoputri|first=Sukmawati|publisher=MedPress - Yayasan Bung Karno|location=Jakarta}}</ref> Aya ogé sumber séjén anu nyebutkeun yén sababaraha anggota Gerwani memang kungsi aya di wewengkon [[Lubang Buaya, Cipayung, Jakarta Wétan|Lubang Buaya]] dina awal taun 1965. Numutkeun wawancara anu dilakukeun ku [[Prof. Saskia Eleonora Wieringa]] ka salah sahiji anggota Gerwani, ayana maranéhna di dinya patalina jeung latihan anu diiluan ku sababaraha organisasi séjén, saperti Ansor, Perwari, Wanita Marhaen, Muslimat, jeung Fatayat. Latihan éta disebut-sebut patalina jeung persiapan program Dwikora, nyaéta konfrontasi Indonésia jeung Malaysia dina mangsa éta. Malah, numutkeun Sukmawati Soekarnoputri, sababaraha Pahlawan Revolusi ogé sabenerna ditugaskeun dina rangka persiapan Dwikora éta.<ref name=":3" /> == Baca ogé == * [[Gerakan Wanita Indonésia|Gerakan Wanita Indonesia]] == Référénsi == {{reflist}} d5965ilgijgi719rwzgkyvna12c9f3x Konflik Sukahaji 0 108045 729208 710985 2026-09-26T15:20:11Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konflik Sukahaji''' nyaéta pacéngkadan lahan anu lumangsung antara warga [[Sukahaji, Babakanciparay, Bandung|Sukahaji, Babakan Ciparay, Kota Bandung]], jeung pengusaha Junus Jen Suherman jeung Juliana Kusnandar. Pacéngkadan ieu dimimitian ti taun 2009, anu tuluy beuki parah dipicu ku intimidasi jeung kekerasan ti aparat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penabudaya.com/sukahajimelawan-intimidasi-setan-tanah-menghantui-kehidupan-warga/,%20https://www.penabudaya.com/sukahajimelawan-intimidasi-setan-tanah-menghantui-kehidupan-warga/|title=Sukahaji Melawan: Intimidasi Setan Tanah Menghantui Kehidupan Warga - Pena Budaya|last=Ramadhan|first=Salma Aulia|language=indonesia|accessdate=2026-03-23}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 9 April 2025 tengah peuting, kahuruan narajang [[Sukahaji, Babakanciparay, Bandung|Sukahaji]] anu ngeunaan kana leuwih ti 40 kios jeung imah warga. Kahuruan ieu lain kasus kahuruan mimiti anu narajang [[Sukahaji, Babakanciparay, Bandung|Sukahaji]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/ckg7jly0gn8o|title=Konflik lahan Bandung: Kisah warga kampung di Kota Bandung yang melawan penggusuran|website=BBC News Indonesia|language=id|accessdate=2026-03-23}}</ref> == Kasang tukang == Konflik [[Sukahaji, Babakanciparay, Bandung|Sukahaji]] dimimitian ti taun 2009, nalika Junus Jen Suherman jeung Juliana Kusnandar ngajukeun klaim kapimilik lahan anu ditempatan ku kios kai jeung padumukan warga. Pihak perusahaan ngaku yén miboga 82 sertifikat tanah, sanajan ngan bisa némbongkeun 11 hasil potokopianna. Patemon anu diayakeun taun 2013 antara warga, perusahaan, kecamatan, jeung [[Badan Pertanahan Nasional|Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN)]] teu méré hasil nu jelas.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Fakta-fakta Serangan ke Warga Sukahaji|url=https://magdalene.co/story/memahami-rentetan-terjadi-di-sukahaji/|newspaper=Magdalene.co|date=2025-12-05|access-date=2026-03-23|language=indonesia|first=Ahmad|last=Khudori|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260124174227/https://magdalene.co/story/memahami-rentetan-terjadi-di-sukahaji/|archive-date=2026-01-24}}</ref> == Réntétan pacengkadan == Dina 9 April 2025, [[Sukahaji, Babakanciparay, Bandung|Sukahaji]] ditarajang kahuruan tengah peuting. Tilu imah warga jeung leuwih ti 40 kios anu jadi tempat pakasaban sapopoé warga [[Sukahaji, Babakanciparay, Bandung|Sukahaji]] ludes ku seuneu.<ref name=":0" /> Kahuruan éta kajadian sapoé saacan sidang mimiti pikeun gugatan kapimilikan taneuh ti Junus Jen Suherman jeung Juliana Kusnandar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kbr.id/articles/indeks/terjerat-konflik-lahan-warga-sukahaji-kebakaran-berulang-dan-intimidasi-|title=Terjerat Konflik Lahan, Warga Sukahaji: Kebakaran Berulang dan Intimidasi|last=Ridwansyah|first=Ardhi|website=kbr.id|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-17}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Teu lila ti sanggeus kahuruan éta, warga [[Sukahaji, Babakanciparay, Bandung|Sukahaji]] numutkeun lalampahan sidang mimiti di pengadilan. Warga Sukahaji ngagugat klaim kapimilik lahan salega 7,5 hektar éta. Anjeunna duaan ngaku minangka pamilik taneuh di Sukahaji, ku bahan miboga sértipikat, Surat Keterangan Pendaftaran Tanah (SKPT), jeung bukti mayar Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan (PBB). Tilu wewengkon Rukung Warga, nyaéta RW 1, 2, jeung 3, kaancam digusur upamana akuan Junus jeung Juliana téh disahkeun ku pamaréntah.<ref name=":0" /> 30 Juli 2025, saloba genep ti tujuh warga Sukahaji nyinghareupan geroan ti Unit Jatanras Satréskrim Polréstabes Bandung, Jalan Badak Singa, pikeun ngalakukeun pamariksaan. Sakitar 170 warga milu maturan minangka bentuk solidaritas hareupeun Satréskrim Polréstabes Bandung. Kagenep warga ieu ditarajang Pasal 167 KUHP ngeunaan asup kana wewengkon batur tanpa idin, Pasal 169 KUHP ngeunaan pakumpulan jahat, Pasal 385 ngeunaan nyéwakeun, nukeurkeun, atawa ngabebanan hak taneuh milik batur, sarta Pasal 389 ngeunaan ngancurkeun, mindahkeun, atawa miceun hiji hal pikeun nangtukeun wates buruan. Pasal-pasal kasebut mangrupakeun pamaksaan hiji delik ka jalma-jalam anu ngabalukarkeun kriminalisasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lbhbandung.or.id/enam-warga-ditahan-perjuangan-sukahaji-tak-akan-mati/|title=Enam Warga Ditahan, Perjuangan Sukahaji Tak Akan Mati! – Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Bandung|language=id|accessdate=2026-05-17}}</ref> 3 Désémber 2025, nalika kasus kriminalisasi warga Sukahaji anu mertahankeun lahanna masih kénéh lumangsung, dimimitian ti jam 10 isuk-isuk, paséa gedé antara warga [[Sukahaji, Babakanciparay, Bandung|Sukahaji]] anu rék mertahankeun lahan jeung massa anu ngatasnamakeun PT Xressi Jaga Nusantara anu hayang ngosongkeun lahan lumangsung. Salian ti kahuruan anu henteu sakali waé kajadian, rurusuhan ieu ogé ngabalukarkeun puluhan warga jadi korban tatu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bandungbergerak.id/article/detail/1546035746/negara-membiarkan-kekerasan-warga-sukahaji-bertahan-melawan-pengosongan-lahan|title=Negara Membiarkan Kekerasan, Warga Sukahaji Bertahan Melawan P...|last=Redaksi|first=Tim|website=BandungBergerak.id|language=id|accessdate=2026-05-17}}</ref> == Rujukan == [[Category: WikiSuarana]] [[Category: WikiSuarana-Hasnanf]] bxaou63ygz5yje9ykprh37pghdf0cnv Miss Universe 2025 0 108154 729225 708562 2026-09-26T17:43:53Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729225 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miss Universe 2025''' mangrupa édisi ka-74 tina kontés [[Miss Universe]] anu dilaksanakeun di [[IMPACT Challenger Hall]], [[Muang Thong Thani]], [[Ban Mai]], [[Nonthaburi]], [[Thailand]] dina tanggal 21 Nopémber 2025. Dina ahir acara, [[Victoria Kjær Theilvig]], [[Miss Universe 2024]] ti [[Dénmark]], masrahkeun makuta ka [[Fátima Bosch]] ti [[Méksiko]] minangka panerusna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mitihoon.com/2025/03/27/532841/|title=IMPACT เผยอีเวนต์ใหญ่แน่น พร้อมต้อนรับ Miss Universe 2025 หนุนอุตสาหกรรมไมซ์ ดันซอฟต์พาวเวอร์ไทยสู่สายตานานาชาติ|last=มิติหุ้น|first=Donut|website=มิติหุ้น {{!}} ชี้ชัดทุกการลงทุน|language=th|accessdate=2026-03-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempo.co/teroka/miss-meksiko-fatima-bosch-terpilih-jadi-miss-universe-2025-2091780|title=Miss Meksiko Fatima Bosch Terpilih Jadi Miss Universe 2025|website=Tempo|language=id|accessdate=2026-03-31}}</ref> Dilaksanakeun di tengah masa berkabung sanggeus pupusna ibu suri Thailand, [[Ratu Sirikit]], sababaraha runtuyan acara kontés geus disaluyukeun minangka bentuk simpati. Sanajan kitu, rupa-rupa kontrovérsi ogé ngiringan jalanna kontés, ti mimiti paripolah ketua panyelenggara kompetisi, sengketa hukum anu disanghareupan ku nu boga kontés, mundurna juri, nepi ka tuduhan kecurangan dina nangtukeun juara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/11/29/style/miss-universe-pageant-controversy|title=This year’s Miss Universe debacle shows how beauty pageants turned ugly|last=Holland|first=Oscar|website=CNN|language=en|accessdate=2026-03-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/pageants/rundown-controversies-miss-universe-2025/|title=No end yet to Miss Universe 2025 controversies. Here’s a rundown of it all.|last=jreyes0314|website=RAPPLER|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-03-31}}</ref> Wakil Indonésia, [[Sanly Liu]], Miss Universe Indonesia 2025, teu hasil asup kana 30 besar, tapi hasil meunang pangajén Best Skin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wolipop.detik.com/foto-entertainment/d-8226660/7-potret-sanly-liu-raih-best-skin-di-miss-universe-2025-pamer-kulit-glowing|title=7 Potret Sanly Liu Raih Best Skin di Miss Universe 2025, Pamer Kulit Glowing|last=Hestianingsih|first=Hestianingsih|website=wolipop|language=id|accessdate=2026-03-31}}</ref> == Latar tukang == === Lokasi jeung tanggal === Dina tanggal 16 Nopémber 2024, dina Miss Universe 2024, salah sahiji pamilik kontes kageulisan [[Raúl Rocha Cantú]] ngumumkeun yén kota tuan rumah anu kapilih pikeun kontes kageulisan édisi ka-74 nyaéta [[Argéntina]], [[Kosta Rika]], [[Républik Dominika]], [[Maroko]], [[India]], [[Afrika Kidul]], [[Spanyol]], jeung [[Thailand]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvaztecaguate.com/miss-universo/2024/11/18/expectativa-global-donde-sera-miss-universe-2025/|title=Expectativa global: ¿Dónde será Miss Universe 2025?|last=Álvarez|first=Anaité|website=Tv Azteca Guatemala|language=es|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2024/11/17/2400394/chelsea-manalo-wins-1st-miss-universe-asia-2025-hosts-teased|title=Chelsea Manalo wins 1st Miss Universe Asia; 2025 hosts teased|last=Purnell|first=Kristofer|website=Philstar.com|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref> Organisasi [[Miss Universe]] ngumumkeun Thailand minangka nagara tuan rumah dina 7 Pébruari 2025, sarta nunjuk IMPACT Challenger di Pak Kret, Provinsi Nonthaburi, salaku tempat utama kalayan acara tambahan anu dijadwalkeun di [[Phuket]] jeung [[Pattaya]]. Ieu bakal jadi kalina kaopat Thailand jadi tuan rumah kontes kageulisan ieu, jeung kalina katilu acara ieu dilaksanakeun di tempat éta sanggeus Kontes 2005 jeung 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/596657/74th-miss-universe-pageant-finds-host-country-in-thailand|title=74th Miss Universe pageant finds host country in Thailand|last=Adina|first=Armin P.|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/596657/74th-miss-universe-pageant-finds-host-country-in-thailand|title=74th Miss Universe pageant finds host country in Thailand|last=Adina|first=Armin P.|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref> === Seleksi pamilon === Di antara para délégasi, sawatara di antarana ditunjuk kana posisi éta sanggeus jadi ''runner-up'' dina kontes nasionalna, atawa dipilih ngaliwatan prosés ''casting'', sedengkeun opat séjén dipilih pikeun ngagantikeun juara aslina. Ti bulan Juni nepi ka Juli 2025, [[Telemundo]] nyiarkeun acara realitas ''Miss Universe Latina, el reality'' di [[Amérika Sarikat]], anu milih hiji délégasi tambahan pikeun ngawakilan warga Hispanik jeung Latina di nagara éta, kalayan gelar Miss Universe Latina. Panambahan ieu nandaan kahiji kalina kontes nampa pamilon anu henteu dikirim ku lisénsi resmi anu ngawakilan hiji nagara atawa wilayah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/620183/pageant-veteran-yamilex-hernandez-is-first-ever-miss-universe-latina|title=Pageant veteran Yamilex Hernandez is first-ever ‘Miss Universe Latina’|last=Adina|first=Armin P.|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref> ==== Panggantian ==== Na Zhao ti [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok|Cina]] jeung Latifah Morris ti [[Trinidad jeung Tobago]] duanana ngarebut gelar nasionalna sanggeus juara aslina, Xuhe Hou jeung Sihlé Letren, mundur tina jabatanana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trinidadexpress.com/newsextra/miss-universe-t-t-steps-down-cites-ongoing-challenges/article_48c1bd34-6676-4491-b033-bdd8f3049206.html|title=Miss Universe T&T steps down, cites “ongoing challenges”|website=Trinidad Express Newspapers|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250911134000/https://trinidadexpress.com/newsextra/miss-universe-t-t-steps-down-cites-ongoing-challenges/article_48c1bd34-6676-4491-b033-bdd8f3049206.html|archivedate=2025-09-11}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/kalimantan/berita/d-7877792/pro-kontra-kontes-miss-universe-china-gelar-juara-dicopot-gegara-usia|title=Pro-Kontra Kontes Miss Universe China, Gelar Juara Dicopot gegara Usia|last=Oktaviani|first=Kiki|website=detikKalimantan|language=id-ID|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref>''' Déborah Djema ti [[Républik Démokratik Kongo]] digantikeun ku Dorcas Dienda sanggeus anjeunna nolak nandatangan kontrak anu diwajibkeun ku organisasi nasional.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pourelle.info/deborah-djema-elue-miss-univers-rdc-2025-representera-le-grand-congo-en-decembre-prochain-en-thailande/|title=Déborah DJEMA, élue Miss Univers RDC 2025, représentera le Grand Congo en décembre prochain en Thaïlande|last=Bakambana|first=Germaine|website=POURELLE.INFO|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref>Di [[Polandia]], Miss Polski 2025, Oliwia Mikulska, digantikeun ku Emily Reng salaku wawakil anyar ti Miss Polonia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://plejada.pl/newsy/to-ona-zostala-miss-polski-2025-oliwia-mikulska-ma-na-swoim-koncie-spore-osiagniecia/jych0l5|title=To ona została Miss Polski 2025. Oliwia Mikulska ma na swoim koncie spore osiągnięcia|website=plejada.pl|language=pl|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref> ==== Debut, balik deui, jeung mundur ==== Édisi ieu nandaan debut [[Tanjung Verdé|Tanjung Verde]], [[Mayotte]], [[Otoritas Nasional Paléstina|Palestina]], jeung [[Rwanda]]. Debut Palestina meunang perhatian média anu leuwih gedé lantaran waktuna pas jeung [[konflik Gaza]] anu keur lumangsung, anu narik perhatian internasional ti para ahli jeung organisasi HAM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/18/style/miss-universe-palestine-scli-intl|title=Miss Palestine to compete in Miss Universe pageant for first time|last=Guy|first=Jack|website=CNN|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref> Nagara anu balik deui dina édisi ieu di antarana [[Irak]] jeung [[Slovénia]] anu panungtung ilubiung dina 2017; [[Swédia]] dina 2021; [[Ghana]] jeung [[Haiti]] dina 2022; sarta [[Kosovo]], [[Panama]], jeung [[Afrika Kidul]] dina 2023. Organisasi nasional ti [[Bahrain]], [[Siprus]], [[Éritréa]], [[Fiji]], [[Gibraltar]], [[Kénya]], [[Maladéwa]], [[Mongolia]], [[Monténégro|Montenegro]], [[Samoa]], [[Somalia]], jeung [[Uzbékistan]] teu hasil nunjuk délégasi atawa ngayakeun kompetisi nasional.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/2025/11/06/miss-universe-2025-controversy-explained-walk-outs-tears-and-legal-threats/|title=Miss Universe 2025 controversy explained: Walk-outs, tears and legal threats|last=Tusing|first=David|website=The National|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref> Saméméh kontes dimimitian, Sahar Biniaz ti [[Iran]] mundur tina kompetisi, alatan kahariwang kana kasalametan diréktur nasionalna sanggeus aya laporan ngeunaan panahanan diréktur éta di nagarana. Samentara éta, Josiane Golonga ti [[Kamerun]], Diana Fast ti [[Jérman]], Zoulahatou Amadou ti [[Niger]], Iman Totic ti [[Makédonia Kalér]], jeung Chiara Wijntuin ti Suriname teu datang ka nagara tuan rumah. Helena O'Connor ti Islandia mundur alatan gering, sedengkeun Gabrielle Henry ti [[Jamaika]] mundur alatan cilaka anu dialaman nalika babak awal. Sajaba ti éta, Flavia Harizaj ti [[Albania]] teu muncul dina kompetisi final.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2025/11/21/miss-jamaica-universe-withdraws-pageant-suffering-head-injury-fall/|title=Miss Jamaica Universe withdraws from pageant after suffering head injury in fall - Jamaica Observer|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voxnews.al/english/lifestyle/skandal-ne-miss-universe-ne-tajlande-perfaqesuesja-nga-shqiperia-nuk-s-i104741|title=Scandal at Miss Universe in Thailand, the representative from Albania does not appear in the final|website=Vox News|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref> ==== Kajadian dina babak awal ==== Miss [[Jamaika]], Gabrielle Henry, murag ka jero liang anu teu dijaga di lantai panggung nalika babak gaun wengi dina 19 Nopémber 2025 sarta ngalaman tatu anu serius. Anjeunna dirawat di ruang perawatan intensif di [[Bangkok]], anu maksa anjeunna mundur tina kompetisi. Organisasi Miss Universe nanggung jawab pinuh jeung langsung kana kajadian éta sarta nanggung sakabéh biaya médis jeung repatriasi anu patali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2025/11/21/miss-jamaica-universe-withdraws-pageant-suffering-head-injury-fall/|title=Miss Jamaica Universe withdraws from pageant after suffering head injury in fall - Jamaica Observer|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-04-25}}</ref> == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:WikiSuarana]] [[Kategori:WikiSuarana-Raflinoer32]] tqg1yajfbykm2kj23s6gwfxo0quty5s Kangker kulit 0 108396 729132 708899 2026-09-26T12:45:38Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729132 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Basal cell carcinoma.jpg|jmpl|Gambaran kangker kulit]] '''Kangker kulit''' nyaéta kaayaan tumuwuhna sél-sél dina kulit anu teu normal. Panyababna rupa-rupa, kitu deui tingkat parahna ogé béda-béda. Kangker kulit paling ilahar kapanggih dina lapisan [[sél skuamosa]], basal, jeung mélanosit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/penyakit/kanker-kulit|title=Kanker Kulit|website=ayosehat.kemkes.go.id|accessdate=2026-04-27}}</ref> Biasana, kangker ieu tumuwuh dina [[épidermis]] (lapisan pangluarna kulit), ku kituna tumor atawa benjolanana bisa katingali ti luar. Ku sabab kitu, gejalana kaasup anu paling gampang katingali ti mimiti tahapan awal. Salian ti éta, kangker kulit ogé kaasup jinis kangker anu résiko maotna leuwih leutik, lantaran biasana hésé nyebar nepi ka organ-organ vital saperti [[jantung]], [[paru-paru]], [[Kabubuahan|ginjal]], jeung batang otak dina awak manusa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alodokter.com/kanker-kulit|title=Kanker Kulit|website=Alodokter|accessdate=2026-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rspondokindah.co.id/id/news/kanker-kulit-penyebab-gejala-penanganan|title=Kanker Kulit: Gejala, Penyebab, dan Penanganan {{!}} RS Pondok Indah|website=www.rspondokindah.co.id|language=id|accessdate=2026-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iccc.id/sekilas-kanker-kulit|title=Sekilas Kanker Kulit|website=iccc.id|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-27}}</ref> Leuwih ti 90% kasus disababkeun ku paparan radiasi [[ultraviolét]] ti [[panonpoé]]. Paparan ieu ningkatkeun résiko tina tilu jenis utama kangker kulit.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice/vol-29-no-1-2008/supplement/ultraviolet-radiation.html|title=Ultraviolet radiation|last=Canada|first=Service|website=www.canada.ca|doi=10.24095/hpcdp.29.S1.04|accessdate=2026-04-29}}</ref> Paparan siga kieu terus ningkat ti mimiti jaman [[révolusi industri]], sabagian mah gara-gara [[Ozon|lapisan ozon]] nu mimiti ipis.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Cakir|first=Burak Ömür|last2=Adamson|first2=Peter|last3=Cingi|first3=Cemal|date=2012-11-01|title=Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1064740612000818|journal=Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America|series=Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck|volume=20|issue=4|pages=419–422|doi=10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004|issn=1064-7406}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Maverakis|first=Emanual|last2=Miyamura|first2=Yoshinori|last3=Bowen|first3=Michael P.|last4=Correa|first4=Genevieve|last5=Ono|first5=Yoko|last6=Goodarzi|first6=Heidi|date=2010-05|title=Light, including ultraviolet|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2835849/|journal=Journal of Autoimmunity|volume=34|issue=3|pages=J247–257|doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.011|issn=1095-9157|pmc=2835849|pmid=20018479}}</ref> Alat paranti moé awak (''tanning beds'') ogé jadi sumber séjén radiasi ultraviolét.<ref name=":1" /> Pikeun kangker mélanoma jeung sél basal, kakeunaan paparan waktu keur leutik téh bahaya pisan. Ari keur kangker kulit sél skuamosa mah, total paparan (teu paduli iraha kajadianana) jauh leuwih mangaruhan. Sakitar 20% nepi ka 30% mélanoma tumuwuh tina tahi laleur. Jalma nu kulitna caang boga résiko leuwih luhur,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-treatment-pdq|title=Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Epidemiology of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer—The Role of Sunlight|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_8|publisher=Springer|date=2008|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-387-77574-6|pages=89–103|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_8|language=en|first=Ulrike|last=Leiter|first2=Claus|last2=Garbe|editor-first=Jörg|editor-last=Reichrath}}</ref> kitu ogé jalma nu sistem imunna lemah gara-gara ubar atawa HIV/AIDS.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chiao|first=Elizabeth Y.|last2=Krown|first2=Susan E.|date=2003-09|title=Update on non–acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–defining malignancies:|url=http://journals.lww.com/00001622-200309000-00008|journal=Current Opinion in Oncology|language=en|volume=15|issue=5|pages=389–397|doi=10.1097/00001622-200309000-00008|issn=1040-8746}}</ref> Cara nangtukeun diagnosana nyaéta ku jalan [[biopsi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq|title=Melanoma Treatment - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}</ref> Ngurangan paparan radiasi ultraviolét jeung maké ''sunscreen'' (tabir surya) kabuktian ampuh pikeun nyegah mélanoma jeung kangker kulit sél skuamosa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jou|first=Paul C.|last2=Feldman|first2=Ron J.|last3=Tomecki|first3=Kenneth J.|date=2012-06-01|title=UV protection and sunscreens: What to tell patients|url=https://www.ccjm.org/content/79/6/427|journal=Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=79|issue=6|pages=427–436|doi=10.3949/ccjm.79a.11110|issn=0891-1150|pmid=22660875}}</ref> Tapi, can jelas naha ''sunscreen'' téh mangaruhan résiko kangker sél basal atawa henteu. Kangker kulit nu lain mélanoma biasana bisa dicageurkeun.<ref name=":2" /> Tambana mah umumna ku cara dibedah (operasi), tapi sakali-kali bisa ogé maké térapi radiasi atawa ubar olés siga ''fluorouracil''.<ref name=":3" /> Tamba keur mélanoma mah biasana kombinasi antara dibedah, [[kémotérapi]], térapi radiasi, jeung térapi targét.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq|title=Melanoma Treatment - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}</ref> Keur pasén nu panyakitna geus sumebar ka bagian awak séjén, perawatan paliatif bisa dipaké pikeun ngaronjatkeun kualitas hirupna. Mélanoma kaasup salah sahiji jenis kangker nu tingkat kasalametanana luhur; leuwih ti 86% urang [[Inggris]] jeung 90% urang [[Amérika (buana)|Amérika]] bisa tahan hirup leuwih ti 5 taun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/melan.html|title=Melanoma of the Skin - Cancer Stat Facts|website=SEER|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-239726|title=Release: Cancer Survival Rates, Cancer Survival in England, Patients Diagnosed 2005–2009 and Followed up to 2010"|last=ONS|website=www.ons.gov.uk|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017061743/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-239726|archivedate=2014-10-17}}</ref> Kangker kulit téh mangrupa jenis kangker nu pangumumna di dunya, jumlahna saeutikna aya 40% tina sakabéh kasus kangker.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dubas|first=Lauren E.|last2=Ingraffea|first2=Adam|date=2013-02-01|title=Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1064740612001447|journal=Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America|series=Facial Skin: Contemporary Topics for the Surgeon|volume=21|issue=1|pages=43–53|doi=10.1016/j.fsc.2012.10.003|issn=1064-7406}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Jenis nu panglobana nyaéta kangker kulit sanés mélanoma, nu narajang sakitar 2–3 juta urang unggal taun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-ultraviolet-(uv)-radiation-and-skin-cancer|title=Radiation: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and skin cancer|website=www.who.int|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}</ref> Ieu téh ukur itungan kasar, da can aya statistik nu bener-bener pas. Tina kangker kulit sanés mélanoma, sakitar 80% mangrupa kangker sél basal jeung 20% kangker kulit sél skuamosa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=ABC of Skin Cancer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRE_YuXmaFoC&pg=PA5|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|date=2009-04-15|isbn=978-1-4443-1250-8|language=en|first=Sajjad|last=Rajpar|first2=Jerry|last2=Marsden}}</ref> Kangker sél basal jeung sél skuamosa mah jarang nepi ka maot. Di [[Amérika Sarikat]], jumlahna kurang ti 0,1% tina sakabéh angka nu maot ku kangker. Sacara global dina taun 2012, mélanoma narajang 232.000 urang jeung ngakibatkeun 55.000 urang maot. Jalma kulit bodas di [[Australia]], [[Selandia Anyar]], jeung [[Afrika Kidul]] boga angka mélanoma pangluhurna di dunya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Epidemiology of Chronic Disease: Global Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KJLEIvX4wzoC&pg=PA271|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|date=2013|isbn=978-0-7637-8047-0|language=en|first=Randall E.|last=Harris}}</ref> Tilu jenis utama kangker kulit ieu beuki loba kapanggih ti saprak tungtung abad ka-20, utamana di wewengkon nu pangeusina loba kulit bodas.<ref name=":2" /> == Patofisiologi == Tumor épitél ganas anu utamana asalna tina épidermis, dina mukosa skuamosa atawa dina daérah métaplasia skuamosa disebut minangka karsinoma sél skuamosa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pathologyatlas.ro/squamous-cell-carcinoma-skin.php|title=Squamous cell carcinoma (skin)|website=www.pathologyatlas.ro|accessdate=2026-04-28}}</ref> Sacara makroskopis, tumor biasana katingali nonjol, kawas jamur (fungating), atawa bisa ogé aya luka (ulkus) kalayan wates anu henteu rata. Sacara mikroskopis, sél tumor ngaruksak mémbran dasar sarta ngabentuk lapisan atawa massa padet anu nyerang jaringan panyambung di handapeunna (dermis). Dina karsinoma anu diferensiasina hadé, sél tumor sipatna pleomorfik/atipik, tapi masih mirip jeung keratinosit normal tina lapisan prickle (gedé, bentukna poligonal, miboga sitoplasma eosinofilik (warna pink) anu loba sarta inti di tengah).<ref name=":0" /> Susunanana condong sarupa jeung épidermis normal: sél anu masih ngora/basal aya di bagian pinggir, tuluy beuki asak ka arah tengah massa tumor. Sél tumor robah jadi sél skuamosa anu ngakeratin sarta ngabentuk nodul buleud kalayan lapisan konsentris (berlapis), anu disebut “sarang sél” atawa “mutiara épitél/keratin”. Stroma di sabudeureunna ngurangan sarta ngandung infiltrasi radang (limfosit). Karsinoma skuamosa anu diferensiasina goréng ngandung leuwih loba sél pleomorfik sarta teu ngabentuk keratin.<ref name=":0" /> Salah sahiji faktor molekular anu aub dina prosés panyakit ieu nyaéta mutasi dina gén PTCH1 anu miboga peran penting dina jalur sinyal Sonic hedgehog.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kormi|first=Seyed Mohammad Amin|last2=Ardehkhani|first2=Shima|date=2017-03-29|title=Non-melanoma Skin Cancer: Mini Review|url=http://thecancerpress.com/index.php/cp/article/view/40|journal=The Cancer Press|volume=3|issue=1|pages=17|doi=10.15562/tcp.40|issn=2476-3748}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Référénsi == {{reflist}} apkp9gey2xgcgtxq8dhvne0xm09crc5 Kangker téstis 0 108451 729135 708995 2026-09-26T12:45:48Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729135 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Seminoma of the Testis.jpg|jmpl|Gambaran kangker téstis]] '''Kangker téstis''' nyaéta kangker anu tumuwuh dina [[téstis]], bagian tina sistem réproduksi lalaki. Gejalana bisa mangrupa bénjolan dina téstis atawa bareuh atawa rasa nyeri dina [[skrotum]]. Pangubatanana bisa ngakibatkeun [[mandul]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq|title=Testicular Cancer Treatment - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Faktor résikona kaasup ''undescended testis'' (téstis nu teu turun), riwayat kulawarga anu boga panyakit ieu, jeung riwayat kangker téstis saméméhna. Leuwih ti 95% mangrupa tumor sél nutfah anu dibagi jadi ''seminoma'' jeung ''non-seminoma''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Testicular&pg=PA1335|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|date=2019-08-16|isbn=978-0-323-55087-1|language=en|first=Lee|last=Goldman|first2=Andrew I.|last2=Schafer}}</ref> Jenis séjénna kaasup tumor stroma ''sex-cord'' jeung limfoma. Diagnosis biasana dumasar kana pamariksaan fisik, ultrasound, jeung tés getih. Pangangkatan téstis liwat operasi sarta pamariksaan di handapeun mikroskop tuluy dilakukeun pikeun nangtukeun jenisna.<ref name=":0" /> Kangker téstis téh kacida bisa diubatanana sarta biasana bisa cageur. Pilihan pangubatanana bisa mangrupa operasi, terapi radiasi, [[kémoterapi]], atawa transplantasi sél indung (''stem cell''). Sanajan dina kasus kangkerna geus sumebar lega, kémoterapi méré tingkat kacageuran leuwih ti 80%.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Feldman|first=Darren R.|date=2008-02-13|title=Medical Treatment of Advanced Testicular Cancer|url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.299.6.672|journal=JAMA|language=en|volume=299|issue=6|pages=672|doi=10.1001/jama.299.6.672|issn=0098-7484}}</ref> Sacara global, kangker téstis mangaruhan sakitar 686.000 urang dina taun 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators|date=2016-10-08|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5055577/|journal=Lancet (London, England)|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|issn=1474-547X|pmc=5055577|pmid=27733282}}</ref> Dina taun éta, panyakit ieu ngabalukarkeun 9.400 nu maot, naék ti 7.000 nu maot dina taun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators|date=2015-01-10|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4340604/|journal=Lancet (London, England)|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–171|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|issn=1474-547X|pmc=4340604|pmid=25530442}}</ref> Angkana leuwih saeutik di nagara nu keur mekar dibandingkeun jeung nagara maju.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/testicular-cancer/incidence|title=Testicular cancer incidence statistics {{!}} Cancer Research UK|website=www.cancerresearchuk.org|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Karajanganana paling mindeng kajadian ka lalaki umur 20 nepi ka 34 taun, sarta jarang kajadian saméméh umur 15 taun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hayes-Lattin|first=Brandon|last2=Nichols|first2=Craig R.|date=2009-10|title=Testicular cancer: a prototypic tumor of young adults|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2796329/|journal=Seminars in Oncology|volume=36|issue=5|pages=432–438|doi=10.1053/j.seminoncol.2009.07.006|issn=0093-7754|pmc=2796329|pmid=19835738}}</ref> Tingkat kasalametan hirup lima taun di [[Amérika Sarikat]] nyaéta sakitar 95%. Hasilna leuwih hadé lamun panyakitna can sumebar (lokal).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html|title=Cancer of the Testis - Cancer Stat Facts|website=SEER|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> == Tanda jeng gejala == Salah sahiji tanda munggaran kangker téstis téh biasana mangrupa bénjolan atawa bareuh dina téstis. ''U.S. Preventive Services Task Force'' (USPSTF) henteu nyarankeun pamariksaan rutin pikeun kangker téstis ka rumaja jeung sawawa anu euweuh gejalaan, kaasup pamariksaan mandiri sacara rutin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/testicular-cancer-screening|title=Recommendation: Testicular Cancer: Screening {{!}} United States Preventive Services Taskforce|website=www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Tapi, ''American Cancer Society'' nyarankeun yén sawatara lalaki kudu mariksa téstisna sabulan sakali, utamana lamun boga riwayat kulawarga anu kakeunaan kangker, sarta ''American Urological Association'' nyarankeun pamariksaan téstis mandiri sabulan sakali pikeun sakabéh lalaki ngora.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/TesticularCancer/DetailedGuide/testicular-cancer-detection|title=Can testicular cancer be found early?|website=www.cancer.org|accessdate=2026-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121112821/http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/TesticularCancer/DetailedGuide/testicular-cancer-detection|archivedate=2011-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.urologyhealth.org/urology/index.cfm?article=101|title=Urology Care Foundation - Urology A-Z - Testicular Cancer: Testicular Self-Examination (TSE)|last=The Boston Group, Urology Care Foundation|website=www.urologyhealth.org|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Gejalana ogé bisa mangrupa hiji atawa leuwih tina hal-hal ieu di handap:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shaw|first=Joel|date=2008-02-15|title=Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Cancer|url=https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0215/p469.html|journal=American Family Physician|language=en-US|volume=77|issue=4|pages=469–474}}</ref> * Bénjolan dina salah sahiji téstis anu bisa karasa nyeri atawa henteu. * Nyeri nu nyit-nyitan atawa nyeri nu tumpul dina beuteung bagian handap atawa skrotum. * Perasaan anu sok disebut "beurat" dina skrotum. * Téstis karasa teuas. * Dada ngagedéan (''gynecomastia'') alatan éfék hormonal tina β-hCG. * Nyeri cangkéréng (''lumbago'') alatan kangkerna geus sumebar ka [[kelenjar getah bening]] sapanjang tonggong. Teu pati ilahar kanker téstis sumebar ka organ séjén, iwal ti bayah. Tapi, lamun éta kajadian, gejala-gejala ieu di handap bisa mucunghul: * Sésék napas (''dyspnea''), [[batuk]], atawa batuk getih (''hemoptysis'') alatan sumebarna métastasis ka bayah. * Bénjolan dina beuheung alatan métastasis ka kelenjar getah bening. Kangker téstis, ''cryptorchidism'' (téstis teu turun), ''hypospadias'', jeung kualitas sél mani anu goréng téh ngawangun sindrom anu katelah ''testicular dysgenesis syndrome''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Skakkebæk|first=N.E.|last2=Rajpert-De Meyts|first2=E.|last3=Main|first3=K.M.|date=2001-05|title=Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects: Opinion|url=https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/humrep/16.5.972|journal=Human Reproduction|language=en|volume=16|issue=5|pages=972–978|doi=10.1093/humrep/16.5.972|issn=1460-2350}}</ref> == Faktor == Faktor résiko utama pikeun kamekaran kangker téstis téh nyaéta ''cryptorchidism'' (téstis anu henteu turun). Sacara umum dipercaya yén ayana tumor milu mangaruhan kana kajadianana ''cryptorchidism''; nalika ''cryptorchidism'' lumangsung babarengan jeung tumor, mangka tumorna condong badag. Faktor résiko séjénna kaasup hériah inguinalis (turun béro),<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1994-05-28|title=Aetiology of testicular cancer: association with congenital abnormalities, age at puberty, infertility, and exercise. United Kingdom Testicular Cancer Study Group|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2540340/|journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.)|volume=308|issue=6941|pages=1393–1399|issn=0959-8138|pmc=2540340|pmid=7912596}}</ref> sindrom Klinefelter, sarta ''mumps orchitis'' (radang téstis alatan panyakit gondongan).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swerdlow|first=A. J.|last2=Huttly|first2=S. R.|last3=Smith|first3=P. G.|date=1987-01|title=Testicular cancer and antecedent diseases|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2001571/|journal=British Journal of Cancer|volume=55|issue=1|pages=97–103|doi=10.1038/bjc.1987.20|issn=0007-0920|pmc=2001571|pmid=2880604}}</ref> Aktivitas fisik pakait jeung nurunna résiko, sedengkeun gaya hirup ''sedentary'' (kurang gerak) pakait jeung naékna résiko. Munculna ciri-ciri lalaki anu leuwih awal ogé pakait jeung naékna résiko. Hal ieu bisa jadi mangrupa gambaran tina hormon éndogén atawa lingkungan. Angka kangker téstis anu leuwih luhur di nagara-nagara Kulon geus dikaitkeun jeung pamakéan ganja (''cannabis'').<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Daling|first=Janet R.|last2=Doody|first2=David R.|last3=Sun|first3=Xiaofei|last4=Trabert|first4=Britton L.|last5=Weiss|first5=Noel S.|last6=Chen|first6=Chu|last7=Biggs|first7=Mary L.|last8=Starr|first8=Jacqueline R.|last9=Dey|first9=Sudhansu K.|date=2009-03-15|title=Association of marijuana use and the incidence of testicular germ cell tumors|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2759698/|journal=Cancer|volume=115|issue=6|pages=1215–1223|doi=10.1002/cncr.24159|issn=0008-543X|pmc=2759698|pmid=19204904}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/138372|title=Testicular Cancer Risk Linked To Marijuana Smoking|website=www.medicalnewstoday.com|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-independent.com/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/cannabis-linked-to-testicular-cancer-1604487.html|title=Cannabis linked to testicular cancer|website=The Independent|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/cancer/understanding-cancer-basics|title=Basics of Cancer|website=WebMD|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Ayana pola panalungtikan anu terus nambahan ti waktu ka waktu némbongkeun yén hal ieu téh mungkin, sanajan hubunganana can bener-bener kacindekkeun. Hal ieu ngayakinkeun sawatara dokter sarta panalungtik pikeun nyarankeun ka lalaki ngora, utamana maranéhna anu boga riwayat kulawarga ''cystic fibrosis'' atawa hérnia indirek, supaya ngeureunan atawa nyingkahan pamakéan ganja salaku léngkah pancegahan tambahan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Callaghan|first=Russell C.|last2=Allebeck|first2=Peter|last3=Akre|first3=Olof|last4=McGlynn|first4=Katherine A.|last5=Sidorchuk|first5=Anna|date=2017-11|title=Cannabis Use and Incidence of Testicular Cancer: A 42-Year Follow-up of Swedish Men between 1970 and 2011|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5812006/|journal=Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology|volume=26|issue=11|pages=1644–1652|doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0428|issn=1538-7755|pmc=5812006|pmid=29093004}}</ref> == Référénsi == {{reflist}} ngr7fctamcy2u13aizuacwptszt9vow Kangker tiroid 0 108452 729134 708994 2026-09-26T12:45:47Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729134 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Thyroid cancer.jpg|jmpl|Kangker tiroid]] '''Kangker tiroid''' nyaéta [[kangker]] anu tumuwuh tina jaringan kelenjar [[tiroid]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mehanna|first=Hisham|last2=Sidhu|first2=Paul S.|last3=Madani|first3=Gitta|last4=Woolley|first4=Rebecca|last5=Boelaert|first5=Kristien|last6=Nankivell|first6=Paul|last7=Da Forno|first7=Phil|last8=Moreman|first8=Kate|last9=Palmer|first9=Andrew|date=2024-10|title=Evaluation of US Elastography in Thyroid Nodule Diagnosis: The ElaTION Randomized Control Trial|url=https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiol.240705|journal=Radiology|volume=313|issue=1|pages=e240705|doi=10.1148/radiol.240705|issn=0033-8419}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/thyroid-treatment-pdq|title=Thyroid Cancer Treatment - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Ieu mangrupa panyakit di mana sél-sél tumuwuh sacara teu normal sarta boga poténsi pikeun nyambuang (sumebar) ka bagian awak séjénna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer|title=Cancer|website=www.who.int|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer|title=What Is Cancer? - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Gejalana bisa mangrupa bareuh atawa bénjolan dina [[beuheung]], hésé neureuy atawa parobahan sora kaasup serak, atawa rarasaan aya nu nyelap dina genggerong alatan éfék massa tina tumorna. Tapi, lolobana kasus mah tara aya gejalaan (asimptomatik).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Boucai|first=Laura|last2=Zafereo|first2=Mark|last3=Cabanillas|first3=Maria E.|date=2024-02-06|title=Thyroid Cancer: A Review|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2814532|journal=JAMA|language=en|volume=331|issue=5|pages=425|doi=10.1001/jama.2023.26348|issn=0098-7484}}</ref> Kangker ogé bisa muncul dina tiroid sanggeus sumebar tina lokasi séjén, anu dina kasus kieu mah teu digolongkeun salaku kangker tiroid.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/hp/thyroid-treatment-pdq|title=Thyroid Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Faktor résikona kaasup paparan radiasi nalika ngora, boga tiroid anu ngabadagan, riwayat kulawarga, jeung obésitas (lintuh teuing).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carling|first=Tobias|last2=Udelsman|first2=Robert|date=2014-01-14|title=Thyroid Cancer|url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-med-061512-105739|journal=Annual Review of Medicine|language=en|volume=65|issue=Volume 65, 2014|pages=125–137|doi=10.1146/annurev-med-061512-105739|issn=0066-4219}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shin|first=Aesun|last2=Cho|first2=Sooyoung|last3=Jang|first3=Doeun|last4=Abe|first4=Sarah Krull|last5=Saito|first5=Eiko|last6=Rahman|first6=Md Shafiur|last7=Islam|first7=Md Rashedul|last8=Sawada|first8=Norie|last9=Shu|first9=Xiao-Ou|date=2022-03|title=Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Half a Million Men and Women in the Asia Cohort Consortium|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8971972/|journal=Thyroid: Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association|volume=32|issue=3|pages=306–314|doi=10.1089/thy.2021.0445|issn=1557-9077|pmc=8971972|pmid=34915752}}</ref> Opat jenis utamana nyaéta kangker tiroid ''papiler'', kangker tiroid ''folikular'', kangker tiroid ''medular'', jeung kangker tiroid ''anaplastik''.<ref name=":1" /> Diagnosis biasana dumasar kana ultrasound jeung aspirasi jarum leutik (''fine needle aspiration''). Pamariksaan (screening) ka jalma anu teu boga gejala sarta boga résiko normal pikeun ieu panyakit téh teu disarankeun.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=US Preventive Services Task Force|last2=Bibbins-Domingo|first2=Kirsten|last3=Grossman|first3=David C.|last4=Curry|first4=Susan J.|last5=Barry|first5=Michael J.|last6=Davidson|first6=Karina W.|last7=Doubeni|first7=Chyke A.|last8=Epling|first8=John W.|last9=Kemper|first9=Alex R.|date=2017-05-09|title=Screening for Thyroid Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement|url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2017.4011|journal=JAMA|language=en|volume=317|issue=18|pages=1882|doi=10.1001/jama.2017.4011|issn=0098-7484}}</ref> Pilihan pangubatanana bisa mangrupa operasi, terapi radiasi kaasup [[iodin radioaktif]], [[kémoterapi]], [[hormon tiroid]], terapi targét, jeung pengawasan anu telik (''watchful waiting'').<ref name=":1" /> Operasi bisa ngalibetkeun pangangkatan sabagian atawa sagemblengna tiroid. Tingkat kasalametan hirup lima taun di [[Amérika Sarikat]] nyaéta 98%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html|title=Cancer of the Thyroid - Cancer Stat Facts|website=SEER|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Sacara global dina taun 2015, 3,2 juta urang boga kanker tiroid. Dina taun 2012, aya 298.000 kasus anyar. Paling mindeng didiagnosis dina rentang umur 20 nepi ka 65 taun. Kaum awéwé leuwih mindeng kakeunaan dibandingkeun lalaki. Jalma turunan [[Asia]] leuwih ilahar kakeunaan; kalayan tingkat kamotian anu leuwih luhur di antarana awéwé [[Pilipina]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=San Juan|first=Mari Des|last2=Paz-Pacheco|first2=Elizabeth|date=2023|title=Incidence, Recurrence and Mortality Among Filipinos With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10213166/|journal=Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies|volume=38|issue=1|pages=100–107|doi=10.15605/jafes.038.01.14|issn=2308-118X|pmc=10213166|pmid=37252408}}</ref> Angkana terus naék dina sababaraha dékade pamungkas, anu dipercaya alatan detéksi anu leuwih hadé. Dina taun 2015, panyakit ieu ngabalukarkeun 31.900 urang maot.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators|date=2016-10-08|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5388903/|journal=Lancet (London, England)|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1|issn=1474-547X|pmc=5388903|pmid=27733281}}</ref> == Tanda jeung Gejala == Lolobana jalma anu boga kangker tiroid mah teu boga gejala dina waktu didiagnosis, sarta ''nodul tiroid'' biasana kapanggihna teu ngahaja nalika keur dipariksa gambar (imaging) dina bagian beuheung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11/chapter05/article/10165/1402668|title=Chapter 5: Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers - Cancer Network|website=www.cancernetwork.com|accessdate=2026-05-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228072652/http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11/chapter05/article/10165/1402668|archivedate=2010-02-28}}</ref> Nepi ka 65% urang déwasa boga nodul leutik dina tiroidna, tapi biasana kurang ti 10% tina éta nodul anu tétéla mangrupa kangker.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Durante|first=Cosimo|last2=Grani|first2=Giorgio|last3=Lamartina|first3=Livia|last4=Filetti|first4=Sebastiano|last5=Mandel|first5=Susan J.|last6=Cooper|first6=David S.|date=2018-03-06|title=The Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules: A Review|url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2018.0898|journal=JAMA|language=en|volume=319|issue=9|pages=914|doi=10.1001/jama.2018.0898|issn=0098-7484}}</ref> Sakapeung, tanda munggaranna nyaéta ngagedéanana [[kelenjar getah bening]]. Gejala satuluyna anu bisa muncul nyaéta rasa nyeri dina bagian hareup [[beuheung]] jeung parobahan sora alatan deukeutna posisi saraf laring ''recurrent''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.columbia.edu/cancer-types-care/types/thyroid-cancer/about-thyroid-cancer|title=Thyroid Cancer Symptoms & Diagnosis|website=Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC) - New York|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> kana kelenjar tiroid. Ieu nodul jeung kelenjar getah bening anu ngagedéan téh ogé bisa ngabalukarkeun bareuh dina beuheung sarta hésé neureuy. Kanker tiroid biasana kapanggih dina pasién anu ''euthyroid'' (fungsi tiroidna normal), tapi gejala ''hipertiroidisme'' atawa ''hipotiroidisme'' bisa pakait jeung tumor anu badag atawa anu geus métastasis sarta ''well-differentiated''. Nodul tiroid jadi perhatian husus nalika kapanggih dina jalma anu umurna di handapeun 20 taun. Dina umur sakieu, nodul tiroid leuwih gedé kamungkinanana mangrupa tumor ganas (malignan) dibandingkeun tumor lindeuk (benign).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Grani|first=Giorgio|last2=Sponziello|first2=Marialuisa|last3=Filetti|first3=Sebastiano|last4=Durante|first4=Cosimo|date=2024-12|title=Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-024-01025-4|journal=Nature Reviews Endocrinology|language=en|volume=20|issue=12|pages=715–728|doi=10.1038/s41574-024-01025-4|issn=1759-5037}}</ref> == Faktor == Kangker tiroid dianggap aya pakaitna jeung sajumlah faktor lingkungan sarta genetik, tapi nepi ka ayeuna masih aya kateupastian ngeunaan cukang lantap pastina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.creativebiolabs.net/thyroid-cancer-overview-signaling-pathway-diagnosis-targeted-therapy.htm|title=Thyroid Cancer Overview - Creative Biolabs|website=www.creativebiolabs.net|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Paparan lingkungan tina radiasi ionisasi, boh tina sumber alami atawa sumber jieunan, disangka boga peran anu penting. Paningkatan angka kangker tiroid anu signifikan lumangsung ka jalma anu kakeunaan radiasi ''mantlefield'' pikeun panyakit [[limfoma]], sarta maranéhna anu kakeunaan ''iodine-131'' sanggeus musibah nuklir Chernobyl,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/i-131|title=I-131 Radiation Exposure from Fallout - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Fukushima, Kyshtym, jeung Windscale.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=dos Santos Silva|first=I.|last2=Swerdlow|first2=A. J.|date=1993-02|title=Thyroid cancer epidemiology in England and Wales: time trends and geographical distribution|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1968194/|journal=British Journal of Cancer|volume=67|issue=2|pages=330–340|doi=10.1038/bjc.1993.61|issn=0007-0920|pmc=1968194|pmid=8431362}}</ref> Tiroiditis (radang tiroid) jeung panyakit tiroid séjénna ogé bisa jadi panyabab kana kangker tiroid.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pacini|first=F.|last2=Castagna|first2=M. G.|last3=Brilli|first3=L.|last4=Pentheroudakis|first4=G.|date=2010-05-01|title=Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up|url=https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(19)39638-3/fulltext|journal=Annals of Oncology|language=English|volume=21|pages=v214–v219|doi=10.1093/annonc/mdq190|issn=0923-7534}}</ref> Sabab tina faktor genetik di antarana nyaéta ''multiple endocrine neoplasia'' tipe 2, anu sacara nyata ningkatkeun angka kajadian, utamana jenis ''medullary'' anu kawilang jarang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/hp/medullary-thyroid-genetics-pdq|title=Genetics of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Neoplasias (PDQ®) - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> Mutasi dina gén pikeun MenA jeung Men2B dina ''multiple endocrine neoplasia'' tanggung jawab kana 25% kasus kanker tiroid ''medullary''.<ref name=":0" /> Hipertiroidisme nyaéta kaleuwihan fungsi kelenjar tiroid anu ngabalukarkeun hormon tiroid dilepaskeun sacara kaleuleuwihi. Ieu hormon téh mangaruhan kana métabolisme, kamekaran, kamekaran otak, suhu awak, jeung fungsi réproduksi. Ieu kaayaan ogé dikaitkeun jeung panyakit ''Graves''. Salah sahiji gejala hipertiroidisme nyaéta parobahan ukuran tiroid, anu pakait jeung pasién anu tétéla boga kangker tiroid. Aya ogé hipotiroidisme, nyaéta nalika kelenjar tiroid kurang fungsina, anu pakait jeung ''Hashimoto's thyroidosis''. ''Hashimoto's thyroidosis'' boga hubungan langsung kana ningkatna résiko kangker tiroid, bareng jeung sababaraha jenis kangker séjénna. Baraya kulawarga anu boga masalah tiroid dina hirupna kamungkinan badag bakal nurunkeun éta panyakit ka kulawargana. Tapi, masalah tiroid ieu bisa mucunghul dina rupa-rupa cara, mimitian tina hipotiroidisme, hipertiroidisme, panyakit ''Graves'', ''Hashimoto's thyroidosis'', nepi ka kangker. FDA merlukeun peringatan husus (''boxed warning'') dina brosur bungkus ''GLP-1 agonist'' alatan résiko tumor sél-C tiroid, kaasup kangker tiroid ''medullary'' (MTC), kalayan peringatan yén ''GLP-1 agonist'' téh kontradindikasi (teu meunang dipaké) ku jalma anu boga riwayat kulawarga atawa riwayat pribadi MTC atawa ''multiple endocrine neoplasia'' tipe 2.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nachawi|first=Noura|last2=Rao|first2=Pratibha PR|last3=Makin|first3=Vinni|date=2022-08-01|title=The role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in managing type 2 diabetes|url=https://www.ccjm.org/content/89/8/457|journal=Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=89|issue=8|pages=457–464|doi=10.3949/ccjm.89a.21110|issn=0891-1150|pmid=35914933}}</ref> Dina beurit, pamakéan jangka panjang ''GLP-1 agonist'' ngarangsang [[sékrési kalsitonin]], anu ngabalukarkeun hipertropi sél-C sarta ningkatna résiko kangker tiroid, tapi euweuh paningkatan sékrési kalsitonin anu katitén dina manusa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yu|first=Minzhi|last2=Benjamin|first2=Mason M.|last3=Srinivasan|first3=Santhanakrishnan|last4=Morin|first4=Emily E.|last5=Shishatskaya|first5=Ekaterina I.|last6=Schwendeman|first6=Steven P.|last7=Schwendeman|first7=Anna|date=2018-05|title=Battle of GLP-1 delivery technologies|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6843995/|journal=Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews|volume=130|pages=113–130|doi=10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.009|issn=1872-8294|pmc=6843995|pmid=30009885}}</ref> Hiji studi kohort nasional rétropéktif di [[Prancis]] manggihan ayana kanaékan résiko kangker tiroid (sakabéh jenis jeung ''medullary'') sanggeus 1-3 taun pangubatan [[Diabétes mélitus|diabetes]] maké ''GLP-1 agonist'',<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bezin|first=Julien|last2=Gouverneur|first2=Amandine|last3=Pénichon|first3=Marine|last4=Mathieu|first4=Clément|last5=Garrel|first5=Renaud|last6=Hillaire-Buys|first6=Dominique|last7=Pariente|first7=Antoine|last8=Faillie|first8=Jean-Luc|date=2023-02-01|title=GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer|url=https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/46/2/384/147888/GLP-1-Receptor-Agonists-and-the-Risk-of-Thyroid|journal=Diabetes Care|language=en|volume=46|issue=2|pages=384–390|doi=10.2337/dc22-1148|issn=0149-5992}}</ref> tapi hal ieu henteu katitén dina uji kontrol acak,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/action/cookieAbsent|title=Error - Cookies Turned Off|website=Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism|language=en|doi=10.1111/dom.70291|pmc=12803555|pmid=41287564|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> kitu ogé dina studi rétropéktif skala badag séjénna,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Morales|first=Daniel R.|last2=Bu|first2=Fan|last3=Viernes|first3=Benjamin|last4=DuVall|first4=Scott L.|last5=Matheny|first5=Michael E.|last6=Simon|first6=Katherine R.|last7=Falconer|first7=Thomas|last8=Richter|first8=Lauren R.|last9=Ostropolets|first9=Anna|date=2025-08-01|title=Risk of Thyroid Tumors With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Retrospective Cohort Study|url=https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/48/8/1386/160553/Risk-of-Thyroid-Tumors-With-GLP-1-Receptor|journal=Diabetes Care|language=en|volume=48|issue=8|pages=1386–1394|doi=10.2337/dc25-0154|issn=0149-5992|pmc=12281980|pmid=40465422}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/action/cookieAbsent|title=Sage Journals: Discover world-class research|website=Sage Journals|language=en|doi=10.1089/thy.2024.0387|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> kaasup hiji studi pamakéan jangka panjang ''GLP-1 agonist'' kalayan pangawasan leuwih ti 10 taun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pollack|first=Rena|last2=Stokar|first2=Joshua|date=2025-11|title=Long-Term Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Use Is Not Associated With Increased Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12582397/|journal=Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews|volume=41|issue=8|pages=e70104|doi=10.1002/dmrr.70104|issn=1520-7560|pmc=12582397|pmid=41182904}}</ref> Hiji studi leutik ka pasién kangker tiroid résiko rendah anu keur ngaliwatan pangawasan aktip némbongkeun yén térapi ''GLP-1RA'' henteu mangaruhan kana kinétika tumuwuhna tumor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Patrizio|first=Armando|last2=Newman|first2=Samantha K|last3=Tuttle|first3=R Michael|last4=Boucai|first4=Laura|date=2025-12-05|title=Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Patients with Thyroid Carcinomas Undergoing Active Surveillance|url=https://academic.oup.com/jes/article/doi/10.1210/jendso/bvaf182/8322882|journal=Journal of the Endocrine Society|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|doi=10.1210/jendso/bvaf182|issn=2472-1972|pmc=12686943|pmid=41376649}}</ref> == Référénsi == {{reflist}} 1g1wlftmsd15lc7cn5evjp16l10nd6r Wayang Kila 0 108469 729352 709998 2026-09-27T02:23:39Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729352 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:260px; margin-left:1em; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#f8f9fa; font-size:90%;" |+ style="font-weight:bold; font-size:105%;" | Wayang Kila |- ! style="background:#eaecf0;" | Ngaran | Wayang Kila |- ! style="background:#eaecf0; text-align:center;" colspan="2" | [[Gambar:Wayang Kila.jpg|250px|frameless|Wayang Kila dijieun tina jarami paré]] |- ! style="background:#eaecf0;" | Asal | [[Lakbok, Ciamis|Lakbok]], [[Kabupatén Ciamis]], [[Jawa Kulon]] |- ! style="background:#eaecf0;" | Jenis | [[Wayang]] |- ! style="background:#eaecf0;" | Bahan | Jarami |} '''Wayang Kila''' nyaéta seni pintonan [[wayang]] nu dijieun tina jarami, asal ti [[Kacamatan Lakbok, Ciamis|Kacamatan Lakbok]], [[Kabupatén Ciamis]], [[Jawa Kulon]]. Ngaran "Kila" mangrupa singgetan tina ''Kidung jeung Lakbok'', sabab pintonan ieu diangkat tina naskah ''[[Kidung Lakbok]]'' karya M. Karso Prawirastramadja.<ref name="arsipvisitciamis">{{cite web |title=Wayang Kila, Seni Pertunjukan Acara Sakral Asal Lakbok |url=https://visitciamis.com/wayang-kila-seni-pertunjukan-acara-sakral-asal-lakbok/ |website=Arsip Internét |access-date=1 Juni 2026 |accessdate=2026-05-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716070432/https://visitciamis.com/wayang-kila-seni-pertunjukan-acara-sakral-asal-lakbok/ |archivedate=2024-07-16 }}</ref> == Sajarah jeung Filosofi == Wayang Kila mimitina dipentaskeun dina poé Minggu, 15 Nopémber 2015, di Lapangan Désa Sukanegara, Kacamatan Lakbok. Pintonan dipingpin ku Ki Dalang Dian Herdiana.<ref name="arsipvisitciamis"/> Ngaran "Kila" miboga harti "karajaan nu subur jeung loh jinawi" (tentram sarta subur taneuhna), ngagambarkeun kaayaan Kacamatan Lakbok nu mangrupa lumbung padi Kabupatén Ciamis.<ref name="arsipvisitciamis"/> Aya ogé vérsi nu nyebutkeun Kila dicokot tina inisial tokoh "Ki Dug Lakbok". Pamilihan jarami salaku bahan utama sipatna simbolis, nuduhkeun kadeukeutan masarakat jeung alam sarta tatanén. == Fungsi jeung Unsur Pintonan == Pintonan Wayang Kila miboga dua fungsi: salaku acara bubuka nu sipatna sakral pikeun persembahan budaya ka [[Nyi Pohaci]], sarta salaku panginget dina hiji acara atawa prosési.<ref name="arsipvisitciamis"/> Tradisi ieu ogé boga fungsi minangka média ngalestarikeun sajarah sarta ritual dina upacara [[Ruwatan]] atawa [[Hajat Bumi]]. Unsur nu aya dina pintonan Wayang Kila ngawengku: * Boneka wayang tina jarami * Dalang nu maénkeun wayang bari nembangkeun [[Kidung Lakbok]] * Barongan nu ngawangun sato tina jarami * Musik pangiring saperti [[kokoléak]], [[bangbaratan]], [[kendang]], [[ngabeluk]], jeung [[kawih]].<ref name="arsipvisitciamis"/> == Hubungan jeung Kidung Lakbok == Naskah ''Kidung Lakbok'' nu diterbitkeun taun 1956 ku M. Karso Prawirastramadja jadi dasar carita dina pintonan Wayang Kila.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kidung Lakbok |url=https://su.wikisource.org/wiki/Kidung_Lakbok |website=Wikisource Sunda |access-date=1 Juni 2026}}</ref> Naskah ieu nyaritakeun ''sasakala'' Rawa Lakbok, tempat-tempat bersejarah saperti [[Batulawang]], [[Gunung Sanggar]], jeung [[Gunung Babakan]], sarta ramalan "Bandjar Bakal Banjir". == Galeri == <gallery> Gambar:Wayang Kila.jpg|Wayang Kila dijieun tina jarami paré </gallery> == Tingali ogé == * [[Kidung Lakbok]] * [[Rawa Lakbok]] * [[Lakbok, Ciamis]] * [[Wayang]] * [[Ruwatan]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Kacamatan Lakbok]] [[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]] [[Kategori:Wayang]] [[Kategori:Seni pintonan]] kpyfbcyqrf7hzwqn3xqe5ozhnhmk8ff Kacamatan Lakbok 0 108531 729099 709738 2026-09-26T12:18:48Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729099 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kacamatan Lakbok''' nyaéta hiji kacamatan di Kabupatén Ciamis, Jawa Barat, Indonésia. == Étimologi == Ngaran "Lakbok" asalna tina basa Sunda Kuno anu hartina "maung nu gede pisan".<ref>R.A. Danadibrata, ''Kamus Basa Sunda'' (2015)</ref> Ieu ngarujuk kana kajadian perburuan harimau di rawa Lakbok dina taun 1920-an.<ref>https://jabar.tribunnews.com/2022/09/10/kisah-perburuan-harimau-di-rawa-lakbok-berawal-dari-3-warga-diserang-hutan-cimedang-dikepung</ref> == Sajarah == Dina taun 1920-an, wewengkon Lakbok masih mangrupa leuweung lebat jeung rawa-rawa anu jadi habitat sato galak. Dina taun 1926, Bupati Sukapura (Tasikmalaya) R.A.A. Wiratanuningrat muka wewengkon ieu pikeun lahan pertanian. Manéhna méré hak milik tanah ka para patani anu ngagarap, anu katelah "Tanah Cap Singa".<ref>https://www.ciamis.info/2017/06/asal-usul-dan-sejarah-lakbok-hutan-dan.html</ref> Taun 1936, kajadian angin puting beliung anu ngaruksak wewengkon Lakbok. Saprak harita, Lakbok terus berkembang jadi lumbung padi di Kabupatén Ciamis. == Géografis == Kacamatan Lakbok miboga legana kurang leuwih 58 km². Watesna nyaéta: * Kalér: Kota Banjar * Wétan: Kabupatén Cilacap, Jawa Tengah * Kidul: Kacamatan Banjarsari jeung Kacamatan Padaherang * Kulon: Kota Banjar jeung Kacamatan Purwadadi == Pamaréntahan == Kacamatan Lakbok kabagi jadi 10 désa:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://p2k.stekom.ac.id/ensiklopedia/Lakbok,_Ciamis|title=Kecamatan Lakbok, Ciamis|website=P2K Stekom|access-date=4 Oktober 2025}}</ref> * Baregbeg * Cintajaya * Cintaratu * Kalapasawit * Kertajaya * Puloerang * Sidaharja * Sindangangin * Sukanagara * Tambakreja == Démografi == Dumasar data ''Kecamatan Lakbok Dalam Angka 2024'', jumlah penduduk Kecamatan Lakbok taun 2023 nyaéta '''57.016 jiwa''', diwangun ku '''28.681 jiwa''' lalaki jeung '''28.335 jiwa''' awéwé. === Sebaran Penduduk per Désa === Tabel di handap nembongkeun sebaran penduduk nurutkeun désa/kalurahan di Kacamatan Lakbok taun 2023: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ '''Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Désa/Kalurahan di Kacamatan Lakbok, 2023''' ! Désa/Kalurahan !! Laki-laki !! Awéwé !! Jumlah !! Kapadetan (jiwa/km²) |- | Sindangangin || 2.319 || 2.378 || 4.697 || |- | Puloerang || 3.094 || 3.050 || 6.144 || |- | Kalapasawit || 2.038 || 2.003 || 4.041 || |- | Sukanagara || 2.499 || 2.421 || 4.920 || |- | Kertajaya || 3.143 || 3.088 || 6.231 || |- | Sidaharja || 4.595 || 4.655 || 9.250 || |- | Baregbeg || 3.182 || 3.094 || 6.276 || |- | Cintajaya || 2.915 || 2.778 || 5.693 || |- | Tambakreja || 1.604 || 1.584 || 3.188 || |- | Cintaratu || 3.292 || 3.284 || 6.576 || |- ! colspan="2" | Lakbok !! 28.681 !! 28.335 !! 57.016 !! |} ''Sumber: BPS Kabupaten Ciamis, Kecamatan Lakbok Dalam Angka 2024, Tabel 3.1'' == Ékonomi == Kacamatan Lakbok dikenal minangka lumbung padi di Kabupatén Ciamis. Salian ti padi, komoditas unggulan séjénna nyaéta cabai (program GERTAM CABAI) jeung melon.<ref>https://kabarpriangan.pikiran-rakyat.com/kabar-priangan/pr-1488398068/selain-sentra-padi-lakbok-ciamis-kini-miliki-budidaya-melon-binaan-rumah-zakat</ref> Dina taun 2025, Bupati Ciamis Herdiat Sunarya ngaoptimalkeun lahan pertanian di Lakbok pikeun ngadukung swasembada pangan.<ref>https://fokusjabar.id/2025/07/08/bupati-ciamis-tekankan-optimalisasi-pertanian-wilayah-lakbok-dan-purwadadi/</ref> == Kaséhatan == Dina tanggal 12 Méi 2026, diluncurkeun Program Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG) di Désa Sindangangin. Program ieu nyasab ka 727 urang, di antarana siswa SDN 1 Sindangangin (158 siswa), SDN 2 Sindangangin (116 siswa), MI Al Ikhlas Nurhasan (74 siswa), jeung PAUD sabudeureunana.<ref>https://jurnal86.com/polsek-lakbok-polres-ciamis-monitoring-launching-program-pelayanan-pemenuhan-gizi-sppg-di-desa-sindangangin/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519133454/https://jurnal86.com/polsek-lakbok-polres-ciamis-monitoring-launching-program-pelayanan-pemenuhan-gizi-sppg-di-desa-sindangangin/ |date=2026-05-19 }}</ref> == Kagiatan == === GERTAM CABAI === '''GERTAM CABAI''' nyaéta singgetan tina '''Gerakan Tanam Cabai''', hiji program ti Pokja III TP PKK dina kerangka KETAPANG MAS. Kagiatan ieu dilaksanakeun ku TP PKK Kacamatan Lakbok dina 13 Méi 2026 di halaman Kantor Kacamatan Lakbok pikeun nguatkeun ketahanan pangan kulawarga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kecamatan-lakbok.ciamiskab.go.id/informasi/berita/detail/gertam-cabai-gerakan-tanam-cabai-tp-pkk-kecamatan-lakbok |title=Arsip salinan |accessdate=2026-05-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260518040926/https://kecamatan-lakbok.ciamiskab.go.id/informasi/berita/detail/gertam-cabai-gerakan-tanam-cabai-tp-pkk-kecamatan-lakbok |archivedate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Kacamatan di Kabupatén Ciamis]] [[Kategori:Kacamatan di Jawa Barat]] tt6zbjzkn7ufz2vd3xb6na1k7k11y93 Kacamatan Purwadadi 0 108673 729100 712914 2026-09-26T12:24:19Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729100 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 250px; font-size: 90%; background-color: #f8f9fa; border-collapse: collapse; float: right; margin-left: 1em;" |+ '''Kacamatan Purwadadi''' |- ! Nami | Purwadadi |- ! Propinsi | [[Jawa Kulon]] |- ! Kabupatén | [[Ciamis]] |- ! Luas | 50,52 km²<ref name="bps"/> |- ! Kode pos | 46385<ref name="situs"/> |- ! Kode Kemendagri | 32.07.35<ref name="bps"/> |- ! Situs | [https://web.archive.org/web/20260519210514/https://kecamatan-purwadadi.ciamiskab.go.id/ kecamatan-purwadadi.ciamiskab.go.id] |} '''Kacamatan Purwadadi''' nyaéta salah sahiji [[kacamatan]] di [[Kabupatén Ciamis]], [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Indonésia]]. Kacamatan ieu aya di wewengkon anu baheula disebut [[Bandjarpatroman]] dina naskah ''[[Kidung Lakbok]]''. Dina naskah éta, dicaritakeun perang antara [[Ratu Agung Tambakbaja]] jeung [[Ratu Inggeung Buana]] di wewengkon sabudeureun ieu. == Géografi == Kacamatan Purwadadi boga luas wilayah '''50,52 km²'''. Kantor kacamatan perenahna di Jl. Lakbok - Sidareja, Purwajaya, Purwadadi, Kabupatén Ciamis, kode pos 46385.<ref name="situs">[https://kecamatan-purwadadi.ciamiskab.go.id/ Situs resmi Kacamatan Purwadadi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519210514/https://kecamatan-purwadadi.ciamiskab.go.id/ |date=2026-05-19 }}. Diaksés 5 Juni 2026.</ref> == Wilayah Administrasi == Kacamatan Purwadadi kabagi kana '''9 désa''', nyaéta:<ref name="bps"/> # Bantardawa # Karangpaningal # Kutawaringin # Padaringan # Pasirlawang # Purwadadi # Purwajaya # Sidarahayu # Sukamulya Désa panglegana nyaéta kalayan luas 7,86 km², sedengkeun désa pangleutikna kalayan luas 3,49 km².<ref name="bps"/> == Démografi == Dumasar data BPS Kabupatén Ciamis taun 2023, jumlah penduduk Kacamatan Purwadadi nyaéta '''40.936 jiwa''' kalayan kapadetan penduduk '''810 jiwa/km²'''. Rasio jenis kelaminna nyaéta 101,39, hartina unggal 100 jiwa awéwé aya 101 jiwa lalaki.<ref name="bps">BPS Kabupatén Ciamis. "Kecamatan Purwadadi Dalam Angka 2024", Tabel 3.1 Penduduk Menurut Desa 2023, hlm 33. 26 Séptémber 2024. [https://ciamiskab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/09/26/c9f6feb90678e8b31691e454/kecamatan-purwadadi-dalam-angka-2024.html] Diaksés 5 Juni 2026.</ref> === Sebaran penduduk dumasar désa taun 2023 === # Karangpaningal: 6.413 jiwa # Purwajaya: 5.919 jiwa # Sidarahayu: 5.252 jiwa # Purwadadi: 4.736 jiwa # Padaringan: 4.604 jiwa # Sukamulya: 4.248 jiwa # Pasirlawang: 3.872 jiwa # Kutawaringin: 2.994 jiwa # Bantardawa: 2.898 jiwa Jumlah penduduk panglobana aya di Désa Karangpaningal, sedengkeun jumlah pangleutikna aya di Désa Bantardawa.<ref name="bps"/> == Pamaréntahan == Kacamatan Purwadadi mangrupa Organisasi Pamaréntah Daérah di lingkup Kabupatén Ciamis. Kacamatan ieu dipingpin ku saurang Camat.<ref name="situs"/> == Sosial jeung Budaya == Tanggal 16 Juli 2025, Pamaréntah Kacamatan Purwadadi ngagelar rapat koordinasi persiapan HUT ka-80 RI tingkat kacamatan di Aula Kantor Kacamatan Purwadadi. Rapat dipingpin ku plt. Camat Purwadadi sarta dihadiran ku Forkopimcam, kepala désa, Koramil, Polsek, jeung tokoh masarakat.<ref>Kacamatan Purwadadi. "Rapat Koordinasi Persiapan HUT Ke-80 RI Tingkat Kecamatan Digelar di Purwadadi". 16 Juli 2025. [https://kecamatan-purwadadi.ciamiskab.go.id/informasi/berita/detail/rapat-koordinasi-persiapan-hut-ke-80-ri-tingkat-kecamatan-digelar-di-purwadadi] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Diaksés 5 Juni 2026.</ref> Tanggal 14 Agustus 2025, Upacara Peringatan Hari Pramuka ka-64 tingkat Kacamatan Purwadadi lumangsung khidmat di Lapangan Bakti Dharma Purwadadi.<ref>Kacamatan Purwadadi. "Upacara Peringatan Hari Pramuka Ke-64 Tingkat Kecamatan Purwadadi Berlangsung Khidmat di Lapangan Bakti Dharma Purwadadi". 14 Agustus 2025. [https://kecamatan-purwadadi.ciamiskab.go.id/informasi/berita/detail/upacara-peringatan-hari-pramuka-ke-64-tingkat-kecamatan-purwadadi-berlangsung-khidmat-di-lapangan-bakti-dharma-purwadadi] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Diaksés 5 Juni 2026.</ref> === Bendung Manganti === Di Kacamatan Purwadadi, tepatna di Dusun Karangsari, Désa Sidarahayu, aya '''Bendung Manganti''' atawa ''Sri Manganti''.<ref name="pupr">BBWS Citanduy, Ditjen SDA Kementerian PUPR. "Bendung Manganti". [https://sda.pu.go.id/balai/bbwscitanduy/infrastruktur/8] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206061431/https://sda.pu.go.id/balai/bbwscitanduy/infrastruktur/8 |date=2025-12-06 }} Diaksés 5 Juni 2026.</ref> Bendung ieu mangrupikeun infrastruktur irigasi anu penting pikeun ngairigasi wewengkon [[Lakbok]], Sidareja, sareng Cihaur.<ref name="detik">detik.com. "Mengenal Bendung Manganti Ciamis, Benteng Air untuk 22.640 Hektar Sawah". 15 Januari 2024. [https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-7142345/mengenal-bendung-manganti-ciamis-benteng-air-untuk-22-640-hektar-sawah] Diaksés 5 Juni 2026.</ref><ref name="polres">Polres Ciamis. "Bendungan Manganti". [https://resciamis.jabar.polri.go.id/bendungan-manganti/]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Diaksés 5 Juni 2026.</ref> == Tingali ogé == * [[Kidung Lakbok]] * [[Bandjarpatroman]] == Rujukan == <references/> [[Kategori:Kacamatan di Kabupatén Ciamis]] [[Kategori:Kacamatan Purwadadi]] 3qx3lptm4uzo2tny39br0tqr3gmqxwf Kacamatan Banjarsari 0 108679 729098 710130 2026-09-26T12:17:07Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 729098 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 250px; font-size: 90%; background-color: #f8f9fa; border-collapse: collapse; float: right; margin-left: 1em;" |+ '''Banjarsari''' |- ! Nami | Banjarsari |- ! Jenis | [[Kacamatan]] |- ! Propinsi | [[Jawa Kulon]] |- ! Kabupatén | [[Ciamis]] |- ! Puseur pamaréntahan | Désa Sukasari |- ! Camat | Mujiono |- ! Luas | 58,01 km²<ref name="profil"/> |- ! Penduduk (2022) | 70.417 jiwa<ref name="profil"/> |- ! Kode Kemendagri | 32.07.10<ref name="profil"/> |- ! Kode pos | 46383<ref name="profil"/> |- ! Situs | [https://web.archive.org/web/20260606165255/https://kecamatan-banjarsari.ciamiskab.go.id/ kec-banjarsari.ciamiskab.go.id] |} '''Banjarsari''' nyaéta hiji [[kacamatan]] di [[Kabupatén Ciamis]], [[Jawa Kulon]], [[Indonésia]]. Puseur pamaréntahan kacamatan ieu aya di Désa Sukasari. == Géografi == Kacamatan Banjarsari aya di beulah kidul-wétan Kabupatén Ciamis, kalayan titik koordinat 7.4816° LS jeung 108.5984° BT. Wates-watesna: * Kalér: Kacamatan [[Pamarican]] jeung [[Purwadadi]] * Wétan: Kabupatén [[Pangandaran]] (Kacamatan [[Mangunjaya]] jeung [[Padaherang]]) * Kidul: Kabupatén [[Pangandaran]] (Kacamatan [[Padaherang]]) * Kulon: Kacamatan [[Banjaranyar]] Luas wilayahna 58,01 km².<ref name="profil">[https://kecamatan-banjarsari.ciamiskab.go.id/profil/tentang Profil Kacamatan Banjarsari] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260606165258/https://kecamatan-banjarsari.ciamiskab.go.id/profil/tentang |date=2026-06-06 }}. Laman resmi Pemkab Ciamis. Diaksés 6 Juni 2026.</ref> == Wilayah Administrasi == Kacamatan Banjarsari kabagi kana '''12 désa''', nyaéta:<ref name="profil"/> # Banjarsari # Cibadak # Cicapar # Ciherang # Ciulu # Kawasen # Purwasari # Ratawangi # Sindangasih # Sindanghayu # Sindangsari # Sukasari Luas désa panggedéna nyaéta Désa Kawasen (18,52 km²), sedengkeun pangleutikna Désa Banjarsari (1,39 km²).<ref name="profil"/> == Démografi == Dumasar data BPS taun 2022, jumlah penduduk Kacamatan Banjarsari aya '''70.417 jiwa''' kalayan kapadetan kira-kira 1.140 jiwa/km². Diwangun ku 35.592 lalaki jeung 34.825 awéwé. Désa nu panglobana pendudukna nyaéta Désa Ciherang (7.955 jiwa), sedengkeun pangsaeutikna Désa Ciulu (3.834 jiwa).<ref name="profil"/> == Atikan == Taun 2022, di Banjarsari aya:<ref name="profil"/> * 12 SD * 8 MI * 6 SMP * 4 MTs * 2 SMA * 3 SMK * 2 MA == Pamaréntahan == Taun 2026, Kacamatan Banjarsari dipingpin ku Camat Mujiono.<ref name="ngobras"/> Salah sahiji program anu jadi ciri khas nyaéta '''"Ngobras"''' (Ngobrol Asik Ngobrol Santai) bareng Kapolres Ciamis AKBP H. Hidayatulloh. Kagiatan ieu rutin dilaksanakeun di aula-aula désa, contona di Aula Désa Ciherang dina 1 Juni 2026, pikeun ngadéngékeun aspirasi warga langsung.<ref name="ngobras">[https://www.liputanesia.co.id/2026/06/ngobras-di-banjarsari-kapolres-ciamis.html Ngobras di Banjarsari, Kapolres Ciamis Dengar Aspirasi Warga]. Liputanesia, 1 Juni 2026. Diaksés 6 Juni 2026.</ref> Kacamatan ieu ogé ngagaduhan julukan '''"Kota Nyari"''' (NYAman, ASri, RIIndang, Indah).<ref name="profil"/> == Rujukan == <references/> == Tumbu luar == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260606165255/https://kecamatan-banjarsari.ciamiskab.go.id/ Situs resmi Kacamatan Banjarsari] [[Kategori:Kacamatan di Kabupatén Ciamis]] 7a50ed0xp7c4l8npzvjsm021a05gzpr Citakan:Topik dunya 10 108950 729403 715573 2026-09-27T06:19:38Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = {{{name|Topik dunya}}} | listclass = hlist | title = {{#if:{{{title|}}} | {{{title}}} | {{#ifexist:{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}}_Dunya{{{2| {{{suffix|}}}}}} | [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} Dunya{{{2| {{{suffix|}}}}}}]] | {{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} Dunya{{{2| {{{suffix|}}}}}} }} }} |state = {{{state|autocollapsed}}} |navbar = {{{navbar|}}} |above = {{{above|}}} |group1 = [[Afrika|Afrika]] |list1 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Afrika Kidul}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Afrika Kidul}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Afrika Tengah}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Afrika Tengah}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Aljazair}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Aljazair}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Angola}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Angola}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Basisir Gading}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Basisir Gading}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bénin}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bénin}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Botswana}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Botswana}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Burkina Faso}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Burkina Faso}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Burundi}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Burundi}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Chad}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Chad}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Éritréa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Éritréa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Éswatini}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Éswatini}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Étiopia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Étiopia}}]] * 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* [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Niger}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Niger}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Nigéria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Nigéria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Rwanda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Rwanda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sao Tome jeung Principe}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sao Tome jeung Principe}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sénégal}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sénégal}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Seychéll}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Seychéll}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sierra Leone}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sierra Leone}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Somalia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Somalia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sudan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sudan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sudan Kidul}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sudan Kidul}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tanjung Verdé}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tanjung Verdé}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tanzania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tanzania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Togo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Togo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tunisia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tunisia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uganda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uganda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Zambia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Zambia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Zimbabwé}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Zimbabwé}}]] |group2 = [[Buana Amérika|Amérika]] |list2 = {{Navbox|subgroup |state = {{{state2|}}} |group1 = [[Amérika Kalér|Kalér]] |list1 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Amérika Sarikat}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Amérika Sarikat}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Antigua jeung Barbuda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Antigua jeung Barbuda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bahama}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bahama}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Barbados}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Barbados}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bélis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bélis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Dominika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Dominika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Républik Dominika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Républik Dominika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Él Salvador}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Él Salvador}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Grénada}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Grénada}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guatémala}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guatémala}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Haiti}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Haiti}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Honduras}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Honduras}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Jamaika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Jamaika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kanada}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kanada}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kosta Rika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kosta Rika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kuba}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kuba}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Méksiko}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Méksiko}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Nikaragua}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Nikaragua}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Panama}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Panama}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Saint Kitts jeung Névis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Saint Kitts jeung Névis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Saint Lusia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Saint Lusia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Saint Vincent jeung Grénadin}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Saint Vincent jeung Grénadin}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Trinidad jeung Tobago}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Trinidad jeung Tobago}}]] |group2 = [[Amérika Kidul|Kidul]] |list2 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Argéntina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Argéntina}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bolivia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bolivia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Brasil}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Brasil}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Chili}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Chili}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Ékuador}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Ékuador}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guyana}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guyana}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kolombia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kolombia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Paraguay}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Paraguay}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Péru}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Péru}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Suriname}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Suriname}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uruguay}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uruguay}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Vénézuéla}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Vénézuéla}}]] }} |group3 = [[Asia]] |list3 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Apganistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Apganistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Arab Saudi}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Arab Saudi}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Azerbaijan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Azerbaijan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bahrain}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bahrain}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bangladesh}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bangladesh}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bhutan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bhutan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Brunei}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Brunei}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|India}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|India}}]] * [[{{{Indonésia|{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}}}}} {{cd|Indonésia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Indonésia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Irak}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Irak}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Iran}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Iran}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Israél}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Israél}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Jepang}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Jepang}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kamboja}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kamboja}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kazakhstan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kazakhstan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kirgizstan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kirgizstan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Koréa Kalér}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Koréa Kalér}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Koréa Kidul}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Koréa Kidul}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kuwait}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kuwait}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Laos}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Laos}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Libanon}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Libanon}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Maladéwa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Maladéwa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Malaysia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Malaysia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mongolia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mongolia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Myanmar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Myanmar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Népal}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Népal}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Oman}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Oman}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Pakistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Pakistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Paléstina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|Paléstina]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Pilipina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Pilipina}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Qatar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Qatar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Singapura}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Singapura}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Siprus}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Siprus}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sri Lanka}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sri Lanka}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Suriah}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Suriah}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tajikistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tajikistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Thailand}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Thailand}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Timor Lésté}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Timor Lésté}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{{china|{{cd|Tiongkok}}}}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{{china|{{cd|Tiongkok}}}}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Turkménistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Turkménistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uni Émirat Arab}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uni Émirat Arab}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uzbékistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uzbékistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Viétnam}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Viétnam}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Yaman}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Yaman}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Yordania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Yordania}}]] |group4 = [[Éropa]] |list4 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Albania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Albania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Andorra}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Andorra}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Arménia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Arménia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Austria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Austria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bélarus}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bélarus}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bélgia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bélgia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina }}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina }}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Britania Raya}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Britania Raya}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Inggris}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Inggris}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Irlandia Kalér}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Irlandia Kalér}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Skotlandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Skotlandia}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Wales}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Wales}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bulgaria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bulgaria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Céko}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Céko}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Dénmark}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Dénmark}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Éstonia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Éstonia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Finlandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Finlandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Georgia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Georgia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Hungaria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Hungaria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Irlandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Irlandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Islandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Islandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Italia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Italia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Jérman}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Jérman}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kosovo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kosovo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kroasia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kroasia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Latvia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Latvia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Liechtenstéin}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Liechtenstéin}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Lituania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Lituania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Luksemburg}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Luksemburg}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Makédonia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Makédonia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Malta}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Malta}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Moldova}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Moldova}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Monako}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Monako}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Monténégro}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Monténégro}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Norwégia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Norwégia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Polandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Polandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Portugal}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Portugal}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Prancis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Prancis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Romania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Romania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Rusia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Rusia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|San Marino}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|San Marino}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sérbia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sérbia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Slovénia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Slovénia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Slovakia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Slovakia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Spanyol}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Spanyol}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Suis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Suis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Swédia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Swédia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Turki}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Turki}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Ukraina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Ukraina}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Vatikan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Vatikan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Walanda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Walanda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Yunani}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Yunani}}]] |group5 = [[Oséania]] |list5 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Australia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Australia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Fiji}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Fiji}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kiribati}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kiribati}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kapuloan Marshall}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kapuloan Marshall}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Féderasi Mikronésia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Féderasi Mikronésia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Nauru}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Nauru}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Palau}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Palau}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Papua Nugini}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Papua Nugini}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Samoa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Samoa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Selandia Anyar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Selandia Anyar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kapuloan Salomo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kapuloan Salomo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tonga}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tonga}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tuvalu}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tuvalu}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Vanuatu}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Vanuatu}}]] |below = {{{below|}}} }} <noinclude>Citakan ieu tiasa dibéréan préfiks jeung sufiks. Pikeun paraméter jeung conto pamakéanna, tingali: "''[[Citakan:Indonésia#Paraméter]]''". {{Citakan dumasar buana}} {{Nagara di dunya}} {{Bendera di dunya}} {{Lambang nagara di dunya}} {{Daptar tokoh dunya}} {{kapala nagara di dunya}} {{kapala pamaréntahan di dunya}} {{Sajarah dunya}} {{Pulitik dunya}} [[Kategori:Citakan dumasar topik| ]]</noinclude> lraeddhmes44pfvqfsxqqp1fm1umm71 729404 729403 2026-09-27T06:20:31Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = {{{name|Topik dunya}}} | listclass = hlist | title = {{#if:{{{title|}}} | {{{title}}} | {{#ifexist:{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}}_Dunya{{{2| {{{suffix|}}}}}} | [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} Dunya{{{2| {{{suffix|}}}}}}]] | {{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} Dunya{{{2| {{{suffix|}}}}}} }} }} |state = {{{state|autocollapsed}}} |navbar = {{{navbar|}}} |above = {{{above|}}} |group1 = [[Afrika|Afrika]] |list1 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Afrika Kidul}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Afrika Kidul}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Afrika Tengah}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Afrika Tengah}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Aljazair}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Aljazair}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Angola}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Angola}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Basisir Gading}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Basisir Gading}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bénin}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bénin}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Botswana}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Botswana}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Burkina Faso}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Burkina Faso}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Burundi}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Burundi}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Chad}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Chad}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Djibouti}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Djibouti}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Éritréa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Éritréa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Éswatini}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Éswatini}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Étiopia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Étiopia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Gabon}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Gabon}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Gambia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Gambia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Ghana}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Ghana}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guinéa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guinéa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guinéa Khatulistiwa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guinéa Khatulistiwa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guinéa-Bissau}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guinéa-Bissau}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kamerun}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kamerun}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kénya}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kénya}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Komoro}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Komoro}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Républik Démokratik Kongo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Républik Démokratik Kongo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Républik Kongo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Républik Kongo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Lésotho}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Lésotho}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Liberia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Liberia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Libya}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Libya}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Madagaskar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Madagaskar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Malawi}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Malawi}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mali}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mali}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Maroko}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Maroko}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mauritania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mauritania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mauritius}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mauritius}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mesir}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mesir}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mozambik}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mozambik}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Namibia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Namibia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Niger}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Niger}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Nigéria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Nigéria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Rwanda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Rwanda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sao Tome jeung Principe}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sao Tome jeung Principe}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sénégal}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sénégal}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Seychéll}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Seychéll}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sierra Leone}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sierra Leone}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Somalia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Somalia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sudan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sudan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sudan Kidul}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sudan Kidul}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tanjung Verdé}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tanjung Verdé}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tanzania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tanzania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Togo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Togo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tunisia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tunisia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uganda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uganda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Zambia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Zambia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Zimbabwé}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Zimbabwé}}]] |group2 = [[Buana Amérika|Amérika]] |list2 = {{Navbox|subgroup |state = {{{state2|}}} |group1 = [[Amérika Kalér|Kalér]] |list1 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Amérika Sarikat}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Amérika Sarikat}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Antigua jeung Barbuda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Antigua jeung Barbuda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bahama}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bahama}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Barbados}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Barbados}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bélis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bélis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Dominika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Dominika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Républik Dominika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Républik Dominika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Él Salvador}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Él Salvador}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Grénada}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Grénada}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guatémala}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guatémala}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Haiti}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Haiti}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Honduras}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Honduras}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Jamaika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Jamaika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kanada}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kanada}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kosta Rika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kosta Rika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kuba}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kuba}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Méksiko}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Méksiko}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Nikaragua}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Nikaragua}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Panama}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Panama}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Saint Kitts jeung Névis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Saint Kitts jeung Névis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Saint Lusia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Saint Lusia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Saint Vincent jeung Grénadin}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Saint Vincent jeung Grénadin}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Trinidad jeung Tobago}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Trinidad jeung Tobago}}]] |group2 = [[Amérika Kidul|Kidul]] |list2 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Argéntina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Argéntina}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bolivia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bolivia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Brasil}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Brasil}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Chili}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Chili}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Ékuador}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Ékuador}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guyana}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guyana}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kolombia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kolombia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Paraguay}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Paraguay}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Péru}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Péru}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Suriname}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Suriname}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uruguay}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uruguay}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Vénézuéla}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Vénézuéla}}]] }} |group3 = [[Asia]] |list3 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Apganistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Apganistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Arab Saudi}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Arab Saudi}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Azerbaijan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Azerbaijan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bahrain}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bahrain}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bangladesh}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bangladesh}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bhutan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bhutan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Brunei}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Brunei}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|India}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|India}}]] * [[{{{Indonésia|{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}}}}} {{cd|Indonésia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Indonésia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Irak}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Irak}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Iran}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Iran}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Israél}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Israél}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Jepang}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Jepang}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kamboja}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kamboja}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kazakhstan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kazakhstan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kirgizstan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kirgizstan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Koréa Kalér}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Koréa Kalér}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Koréa Kidul}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Koréa Kidul}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kuwait}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kuwait}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Laos}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Laos}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Libanon}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Libanon}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Maladéwa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Maladéwa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Malaysia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Malaysia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mongolia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mongolia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Myanmar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Myanmar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Népal}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Népal}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Oman}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Oman}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Pakistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Pakistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Paléstina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|Paléstina]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Pilipina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Pilipina}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Qatar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Qatar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Singapura}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Singapura}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Siprus}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Siprus}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sri Lanka}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sri Lanka}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Suriah}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Suriah}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tajikistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tajikistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Thailand}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Thailand}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Timor Lésté}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Timor Lésté}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{{china|{{cd|Tiongkok}}}}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{{china|{{cd|Tiongkok}}}}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Turkménistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Turkménistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uni Émirat Arab}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uni Émirat Arab}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uzbékistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uzbékistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Viétnam}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Viétnam}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Yaman}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Yaman}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Yordania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Yordania}}]] |group4 = [[Éropa]] |list4 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Albania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Albania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Andorra}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Andorra}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Arménia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Arménia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Austria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Austria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bélarus}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bélarus}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bélgia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bélgia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina }}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina }}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Britania Raya}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Britania Raya}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Inggris}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Inggris}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Irlandia Kalér}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Irlandia Kalér}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Skotlandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Skotlandia}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Wales}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Wales}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bulgaria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bulgaria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Céko}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Céko}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Dénmark}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Dénmark}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Éstonia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Éstonia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Finlandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Finlandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Georgia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Georgia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Hungaria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Hungaria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Irlandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Irlandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Islandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Islandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Italia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Italia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Jérman}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Jérman}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kosovo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kosovo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kroasia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kroasia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Latvia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Latvia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Liechtenstéin}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Liechtenstéin}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Lituania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Lituania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Luksemburg}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Luksemburg}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Makédonia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Makédonia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Malta}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Malta}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Moldova}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Moldova}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Monako}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Monako}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Monténégro}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Monténégro}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Norwégia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Norwégia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Polandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Polandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Portugal}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Portugal}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Prancis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Prancis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Romania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Romania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Rusia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Rusia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|San Marino}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|San Marino}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sérbia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sérbia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Slovénia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Slovénia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Slovakia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Slovakia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Spanyol}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Spanyol}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Suis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Suis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Swédia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Swédia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Turki}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Turki}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Ukraina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Ukraina}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Vatikan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Vatikan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Walanda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Walanda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Yunani}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Yunani}}]] |group5 = [[Oséania]] |list5 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Australia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Australia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Fiji}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Fiji}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kiribati}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kiribati}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kapuloan Marshall}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kapuloan Marshall}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Féderasi Mikronésia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Féderasi Mikronésia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Nauru}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Nauru}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Palau}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Palau}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Papua Nugini}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Papua Nugini}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Samoa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Samoa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Selandia Anyar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Selandia Anyar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kapuloan Salomo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kapuloan Salomo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tonga}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tonga}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tuvalu}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tuvalu}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Vanuatu}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Vanuatu}}]] |below = {{{below|}}} }} <noinclude>Citakan ieu tiasa dibéréan préfiks jeung sufiks. Pikeun paraméter jeung conto pamakéanna, tingali: "''[[Citakan:Indonésia#Paraméter]]''". {{Citakan dumasar buana}} {{Nagara di dunya}} {{Bendera di dunya}} {{Lambang nagara di dunya}} {{Daptar tokoh dunya}} {{kapala nagara di dunya}} {{kapala pamaréntahan di dunya}} {{Sajarah dunya}} {{Pulitik dunya}} [[Kategori:Citakan dumasar topik| ]]</noinclude> ecujle15ozrsoy6noze1y3hvvk8yecs 729428 729404 2026-09-27T08:22:49Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = {{{name|Topik dunya}}} | listclass = hlist | title = {{#if:{{{title|}}} | {{{title}}} | {{#ifexist:{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}}_Dunya{{{2| {{{suffix|}}}}}} | [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} Dunya{{{2| {{{suffix|}}}}}}]] | {{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} Dunya{{{2| {{{suffix|}}}}}} }} }} |state = {{{state|autocollapsed}}} |navbar = {{{navbar|}}} |above = {{{above|}}} |group1 = [[Afrika|Afrika]] |list1 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Afrika Kidul}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Afrika Kidul}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Afrika Tengah}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Afrika Tengah}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Aljazair}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Aljazair}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Angola}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Angola}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Basisir Gading}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Basisir Gading}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bénin}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bénin}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Botswana}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Botswana}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Burkina Faso}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Burkina Faso}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Burundi}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Burundi}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Chad}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Chad}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Djibouti}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Djibouti}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Éritréa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Éritréa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Éswatini}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Éswatini}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Étiopia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Étiopia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Gabon}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Gabon}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Gambia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Gambia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Ghana}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Ghana}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guinéa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guinéa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guinéa Khatulistiwa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guinéa Khatulistiwa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guinéa-Bissau}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guinéa-Bissau}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kamerun}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kamerun}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kénya}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kénya}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Komoro}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Komoro}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Républik Démokratik Kongo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Républik Démokratik Kongo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Républik Kongo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Républik Kongo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Lésotho}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Lésotho}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Liberia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Liberia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Libya}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Libya}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Madagaskar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Madagaskar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Malawi}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Malawi}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mali}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mali}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Maroko}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Maroko}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mauritania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mauritania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mauritius}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mauritius}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mesir}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mesir}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mozambik}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mozambik}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Namibia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Namibia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Niger}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Niger}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Nigéria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Nigéria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Rwanda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Rwanda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sao Tome jeung Principe}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sao Tome jeung Principe}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sénégal}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sénégal}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Seychéll}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Seychéll}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sierra Leone}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sierra Leone}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Somalia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Somalia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sudan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sudan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sudan Kidul}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sudan Kidul}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tanjung Verdé}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tanjung Verdé}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tanzania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tanzania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Togo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Togo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tunisia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tunisia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uganda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uganda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Zambia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Zambia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Zimbabwé}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Zimbabwé}}]] |group2 = [[Buana Amérika|Amérika]] |list2 = {{Navbox|subgroup |state = {{{state2|}}} |group1 = [[Amérika Kalér|Kalér]] |list1 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Amérika Sarikat}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Amérika Sarikat}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Antigua jeung Barbuda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Antigua jeung Barbuda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bahama}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bahama}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Barbados}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Barbados}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bélis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bélis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Dominika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Dominika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Républik Dominika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Républik Dominika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Él Salvador}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Él Salvador}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Grénada}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Grénada}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guatémala}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guatémala}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Haiti}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Haiti}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Honduras}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Honduras}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Jamaika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Jamaika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kanada}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kanada}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kosta Rika}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kosta Rika}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kuba}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kuba}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Méksiko}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Méksiko}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Nikaragua}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Nikaragua}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Panama}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Panama}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Saint Kitts jeung Névis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Saint Kitts jeung Névis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Saint Lusia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Saint Lusia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Saint Vincent jeung Grénadin}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Saint Vincent jeung Grénadin}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Trinidad jeung Tobago}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Trinidad jeung Tobago}}]] |group2 = [[Amérika Kidul|Kidul]] |list2 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Argéntina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Argéntina}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bolivia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bolivia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Brasil}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Brasil}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Chili}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Chili}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Ékuador}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Ékuador}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Guyana}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Guyana}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kolombia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kolombia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Paraguay}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Paraguay}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Péru}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Péru}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Suriname}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Suriname}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uruguay}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uruguay}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Vénézuéla}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Vénézuéla}}]] }} |group3 = [[Asia]] |list3 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Apganistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Apganistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Arab Saudi}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Arab Saudi}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Azerbaijan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Azerbaijan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bahrain}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bahrain}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bangladesh}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bangladesh}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bhutan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bhutan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Brunei}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Brunei}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|India}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|India}}]] * [[{{{Indonésia|{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}}}}} {{cd|Indonésia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Indonésia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Irak}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Irak}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Iran}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Iran}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Israél}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Israél}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Jepang}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Jepang}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kamboja}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kamboja}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kazakhstan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kazakhstan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kirgizstan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kirgizstan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Koréa Kalér}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Koréa Kalér}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Koréa Kidul}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Koréa Kidul}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kuwait}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kuwait}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Laos}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Laos}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Libanon}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Libanon}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Maladéwa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Maladéwa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Malaysia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Malaysia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Mongolia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Mongolia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Myanmar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Myanmar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Népal}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Népal}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Oman}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Oman}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Pakistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Pakistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Paléstina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|Paléstina]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Pilipina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Pilipina}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Qatar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Qatar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Singapura}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Singapura}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Siprus}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Siprus}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sri Lanka}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sri Lanka}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Suriah}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Suriah}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tajikistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tajikistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Thailand}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Thailand}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Timor Lésté}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Timor Lésté}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{{china|{{cd|Tiongkok}}}}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{{china|{{cd|Tiongkok}}}}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Turkménistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Turkménistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uni Émirat Arab}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uni Émirat Arab}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Uzbékistan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Uzbékistan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Viétnam}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Viétnam}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Yaman}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Yaman}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Yordania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Yordania}}]] |group4 = [[Éropa]] |list4 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Albania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Albania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Andorra}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Andorra}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Arménia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Arménia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Austria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Austria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bélarus}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bélarus}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bélgia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bélgia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina }}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina }}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Britania Raya}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Britania Raya}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Inggris}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Inggris}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Irlandia Kalér}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Irlandia Kalér}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Skotlandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Skotlandia}}]] ** [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Wales}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Wales}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Bulgaria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Bulgaria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Céko}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Céko}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Dénmark}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Dénmark}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Éstonia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Éstonia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Finlandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Finlandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Georgia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Georgia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Hungaria}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Hungaria}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Irlandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Irlandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Islandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Islandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Italia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Italia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Jérman}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Jérman}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kosovo}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kosovo}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kroasia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kroasia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Latvia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Latvia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Liechtenstéin}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Liechtenstéin}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Lituania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Lituania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Luksemburg}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Luksemburg}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Makédonia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Makédonia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Malta}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Malta}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Moldova}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Moldova}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Monako}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Monako}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Monténégro}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Monténégro}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Norwégia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Norwégia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Polandia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Polandia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Portugal}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Portugal}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Prancis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Prancis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Romania}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Romania}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Rusia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Rusia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|San Marino}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|San Marino}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Sérbia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Sérbia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Slovénia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Slovénia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Slovakia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Slovakia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Spanyol}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Spanyol}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Suis}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Suis}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Swédia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Swédia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Turki}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Turki}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Ukraina}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Ukraina}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Vatikan}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Vatikan}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Walanda}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Walanda}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Yunani}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Yunani}}]] |group5 = [[Oséania]] |list5 = * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Australia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Australia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Fiji}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Fiji}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kiribati}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kiribati}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kapuloan Marshall}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kapuloan Marshall}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Féderasi Mikronésia}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Féderasi Mikronésia}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Nauru}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Nauru}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Palau}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Palau}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Papua Nugini}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Papua Nugini}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Samoa}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Samoa}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Selandia Anyar}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Selandia Anyar}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Kapuloan Solomon}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Kapuloan Solomon}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tonga}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tonga}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Tuvalu}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Tuvalu}}]] * [[{{{1|{{{prefix|}}}}}} {{cd|Vanuatu}}{{{2|{{{suffix|}}}}}}|{{cd|Vanuatu}}]] |below = {{{below|}}} }} <noinclude>Citakan ieu tiasa dibéréan préfiks jeung sufiks. Pikeun paraméter jeung conto pamakéanna, tingali: "''[[Citakan:Indonésia#Paraméter]]''". {{Citakan dumasar buana}} {{Nagara di dunya}} {{Bendera di dunya}} {{Lambang nagara di dunya}} {{Daptar tokoh dunya}} {{kapala nagara di dunya}} {{kapala pamaréntahan di dunya}} {{Sajarah dunya}} {{Pulitik dunya}} [[Kategori:Citakan dumasar topik| ]]</noinclude> 0pgtpheufxdw816gl6ev596c524tjyj Citakan:Country data Republik Indonesia Serikat 10 108985 729306 2026-09-27T00:05:09Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Country data Republik Indonesia Serikat]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Républik Indonésia Sarikat]] 729306 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Républik Indonésia Sarikat]] b66r37t11jw64npgg4kvjsduv0k8wfn Républik Indonésia Serikat 0 108986 729309 2026-09-27T00:08:44Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Républik Indonésia Serikat]] ka [[Républik Indonésia Sarikat]] 729309 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Républik Indonésia Sarikat]] j9v6k4650llwjcvy8ywzxms7bewk9bv Citakan:Angkatan laut 10 108987 729324 2026-09-27T01:11:30Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{country data {{{1}}} | Angkatan laut/Bandéra | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} }}<noinclude> {{dokumentasi}} </noinclude> s44a6ofr7x4144s516jjzwv3lmjdab4 Citakan:Angkatan laut/Bandéra 10 108988 729325 2026-09-27T01:16:53Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729325 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-naval-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias-naval|{{{flag alias}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|{{{size flag alias-naval-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{flag alias-naval-{{{variant}}}|}}}|23x20px|{{{size flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{variant|}}}|23x20px|{{{size flag alias-naval|{{#if:{{{flag alias-naval|}}}|23x20px|{{{size flag alias|23x20px}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{border-naval-{{{variant}}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border-naval|{{{border|border}}}}}}}}}}}} |alt=|link=]]&nbsp;</span>{{#if: {{{name|}}} |[[{{{link alias-naval|{{{shortname alias|Angkatan Laut {{{alias}}}}}}}}}|{{{name}}}]] |[[{{{link alias-naval|Angkatan Laut {{{shortname alias|{{{alias}}}}}}}}}]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation|content=Ieu mangrupakeun citakan-méta anu dipergunakeun sacara internal ku [[Citakan:Angkatan laut]]. Citakan ieu teu dimaksudkeun pikeun ditransklusikeun sacara langsung ti rohang ngaran artikel utama.}} [[Kategori:Sistem citakan bandéra]] </noinclude> nrd3kdjkmlsim1qsyexrwqaxhimm6ld Citakan:Angkatan darat 10 108989 729332 2026-09-27T01:29:37Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{country data {{{1}}} | Angkatan darat/Bandéra | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} }}<noinclude> {{dokuméntasi}} </noinclude> l7dz0dc68zekguy44mk2uupv7ch7scq Citakan:Angkatan darat/Bandéra 10 108990 729334 2026-09-27T01:34:34Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729334 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-army-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias-army|{{{flag alias}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|{{{size flag alias-army-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{flag alias-army-{{{variant}}}|}}}|23x17px|{{{size flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{variant|}}}|23x17px|{{{size flag alias-army|{{#if:{{{flag alias-army|}}}|23x17px|{{{size flag alias|23x17px}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{border-army-{{{variant}}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border-army|{{{border|border}}}}}}}}}}}} |alt=|link=]]&nbsp;</span>[[{{{link alias-army|Angkatan Darat {{{shortname alias|{{{alias}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{name|}}} | {{!}}{{{name}}} }}]]<noinclude> {{dokuméntasi|content=Ieu mangrupakeun citakan-méta anu dipergunakeun sacara internal ku [[Citakan:Angkatan darat]]. Citakan ieu teu dimaksudkeun pikeun ditransklusikeun sacara langsung ti rohang ngaran artikel utama.}} [[Kategori:Sistem citakan bandéra]] </noinclude> chkeubzlhm6hpw1osmxlapnrigh2fpa Citakan:Angkatan udara/Bandéra 10 108991 729335 2026-09-27T01:41:29Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729335 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="flagicon">[[Gambar:{{{flag alias-air force-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias-air force|{{{flag alias}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|{{{size flag alias-air force-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{flag alias-air force-{{{variant}}}|}}}|23x15px|{{{size flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{variant|}}}|23x15px|{{{size flag alias-air force|{{#if:{{{flag alias-air force|}}}|23x15px|{{{size flag alias|23x15px}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{border-air force-{{{variant}}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border-air force|{{{border|border}}}}}}}}}}}} |alt=|link=]]&nbsp;</span>[[{{{link alias-air force|{{{shortname alias|Angkatan Udara {{{alias}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{name|}}} | {{!}}{{{name}}} }}]]<noinclude> {{dokuméntasi|content=Ieu mangrupakeun citakan-méta anu dipergunakeun sacara internal ku [[Citakan:Angkatan udara]]. Citakan ieu teu dimaksudkeun pikeun ditransklusikeun sacara langsung ti rohang ngaran artikel utama.}} [[Kategori:Sistem citakan bandéra]] </noinclude> rcmhk9ci2ca1699coxvsajanflyumns Citakan:Angkatan udara 10 108992 729336 2026-09-27T01:43:01Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{country data {{{1}}} | Angkatan udara/Bandéra | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} }}<noinclude> {{dokuméntasi}} </noinclude> arftynb9zsmltvgls5ndsptk94v433v Citakan:Country data Empire of Japan 10 108993 729349 2026-09-27T02:16:13Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Country data Empire of Japan]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Kakaisaran Jepang]] 729349 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Kakaisaran Jepang]] 231vyeyrkvq8njpy8dvhzow5s5ec91s Pamaké:Rafka Aditia/Kotrétan 2 108994 729362 2026-09-27T02:49:14Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Kotrétan 729362 wikitext text/x-wiki * Citakan:Country data {{Topik dunya |title=[[:Kategori:Citakan data nagara|Citakan Data Nagara]] |prefix=Citakan:Country data }} * Citakan:Data nagara {{Topik dunya |title=[[:Kategori:Citakan data nagara|Citakan Data Nagara]] |prefix=Citakan:Data nagara }} 819h0u8tb3s6gb13kxrpqr0d46khhtw Citakan:Country data Guinéa Khatulistiwa 10 108995 729363 2026-09-27T03:38:00Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Guinéa Khatulistiwa | flag alias = Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = GNQ | redir2 = EQG | redir3 = GEQ | redir4 = Equatorial Guinea </noinclude> }} jrwnjpf2bow8do6uyo5g38tqrauugju Citakan:Country data Républik Démokratik Kongo 10 108996 729364 2026-09-27T03:41:53Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Républik Démokratik Kongo | flag alias = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | flag alias-1960 = Flag of the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) (1960–1963).svg | flag alias-1963 = Flag of the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) (1963–1966).svg | flag alias-1966 = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1966–1971).svg | flag alias-1997 = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2003).svg | flag alias-2003 = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003–2006).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1960 | var2 = 1963 | var3 = 1966 | var4 = 1997 | var5 = 2003 | redir1 = COD | redir2 = Congo DR | redir3 = DR Congo | redir4 = Democratic Republic of the Congo | redir5 = Congo, Democratic Republic of the | redir6 = Congo-Kinshasa | redir7 = DRC | related1 = Zaire | related2 = Belgian Congo | related3 = Congo Free State | related4 = Congo </noinclude> }} gkq7lu7dbsidrrp9qrfg51tqiib39x1 Citakan:Country data Républik Kongo 10 108997 729365 2026-09-27T03:43:24Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Républik Kongo | shortname alias = Républik Kongo | flag alias = Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg | alt attribute = Bandéra Républik Kongo | flag alias-1970 = Flag of the People's Republic of the Congo.svg | name alias-football = Kongo | link alias-football = Tim nasional sépak bola {{{mw|}}} Kongo | link alias-basketball = Tim nasional bola baskét {{{mw|}}} Républik Kongo | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1970 | redir1 = COG | redir2 = CGO | redir3 = Republic of the Congo | redir4 = Congo | redir5 = Congo, Republic of the | redir6 = Congo Republic | redir7 = Congo-Brazzaville | redir8 = Kongo | related1 = Républik Démokratik Kongo </noinclude> }} n457edpskyk7biv17gc780nrg11ljwd Citakan:Country data Lésotho 10 108998 729366 2026-09-27T03:49:26Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Lésotho | flag alias = Flag of Lesotho.svg | flag alias-1966 = Flag of Lesotho (1966–1987).svg | flag alias-1987 = Flag of Lesotho (1987-2006).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1966 | var2 = 1987 | redir1 = LSO | redir2 = LES </noinclude> }} jfsyq6ybgppjfcppfzx9qwtzsx62us6 Citakan:Country data Liberia 10 108999 729367 2026-09-27T03:51:31Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Liberia | flag alias = Flag of Liberia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = LBR </noinclude> }} 7iq0um334g9yob8hr3ysksejpyawduw Citakan:Country data Madagaskar 10 109000 729368 2026-09-27T03:53:18Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Madagaskar | flag alias = Flag of Madagascar.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = MDG | redir2 = MAD | redir3 = Madagascar </noinclude> }} 9h82b2y1lhhnzs8707jljrjqsh45r2p Citakan:Country data Malawi 10 109001 729369 2026-09-27T03:55:30Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Malawi | flag alias = Flag of Malawi.svg | flag alias-1964 = Flag of Malawi 1964-2010.svg | flag alias-2010 = Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1964 | var2 = 2010 | redir1 = MWI | redir2 = MAW </noinclude> }} pytst5bavcq4np86q3hg0o0jiytquqt Citakan:Country data Namibia 10 109002 729370 2026-09-27T03:58:08Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Namibia | flag alias = Flag of Namibia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = NAM </noinclude> }} 9xmwz71q1v0gd8u9zysbhd4y804sb0i Citakan:Country data Rwanda 10 109003 729371 2026-09-27T04:13:30Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Nyieun kaca anyar {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Rwanda | flag alias = Flag of Rwanda.svg | flag alias-1962 = Flag of Rwanda (1962-2001).svg | flag alias-1959 = Flag of Rwanda (1959-1961).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1962 | var2 = 1959 | redir1 = RWA </noinclude> }} 729371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Rwanda | flag alias = Flag of Rwanda.svg | flag alias-1962 = Flag of Rwanda (1962-2001).svg | flag alias-1959 = Flag of Rwanda (1959-1961).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1962 | var2 = 1959 | redir1 = RWA </noinclude> }} kfeq8phomzs8g4llkx86lk2eat65p4v Citakan:Country data Tanzania 10 109004 729372 2026-09-27T04:17:57Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Tanzania | flag alias = Flag of Tanzania.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = TZA | redir2 = TAN | related1 = Tanganyika | related2 = Zanzibar </noinclude> }} me32m9jn9ay6aeu2pur5gjjbr027ukn Citakan:Country data Zambia 10 109005 729373 2026-09-27T04:28:25Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Zambia | flag alias = Flag of Zambia.svg | flag alias-1964 = Flag of Zambia (1964–1996).svg | flag alias-1996 = Flag of Zambia (Pantone).svg | flag alias-2000 = Flag of Zambia (WFB 2000).jpg | flag alias-2004 = Flag of Zambia (2004 World Factbook).gif | flag alias-air force= Air Force Ensign of Zambia.svg | link alias-air force= Angkatan Udara Zambia | link alias-army = Angkatan Darat Zambia | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1964 | var2 = 1996 | var3 = 2000 | var4 = 2004 | redir1 = ZMB | redir2 = ZAM | related1 = Rhodésia Kalér </noinclude> }} dsxfjr80ar1baent34cvowrppo1hhnr Citakan:Country data Rhodesia 10 109006 729376 2026-09-27T04:30:09Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Country data Rhodesia]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Rhodésia]] 729376 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Rhodésia]] rr95nr5aleycvvweumd5g6sgbs4865p Kategori:Citakan data tilas nagara 14 109007 729378 2026-09-27T04:36:24Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Kategori anyar 729378 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Citakan data nagara]] 7ibbkd4z3hemea2c2o4i685lshowwlg Citakan:Country data Rhodesia and Nyasaland 10 109008 729381 2026-09-27T04:40:46Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Country data Rhodesia and Nyasaland]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland]] 729381 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland]] bxhnjxix590ck0tqsfk3izhejuj3izk Citakan:Country data Rhodésia Kalér 10 109009 729382 2026-09-27T04:43:58Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Rhodesia Kalér | flag alias = Flag of Northern Rhodesia (1939–1953, 1963–1964).svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sépak bola Zambia | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> | redir1 = Northern Rhodesia | related1 = Zambia | related2 = Rhodésia | related3 = Rhodésia Kidul </noinclude> }} 2ws1gufp8vs9ypifwaabbsftqb7kcu1 729384 729382 2026-09-27T04:49:00Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Rhodésia Kalér | flag alias = Flag of Northern Rhodesia (1939–1953, 1963–1964).svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sépak bola Zambia | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> | redir1 = Northern Rhodesia | related1 = Zambia | related2 = Rhodésia | related3 = Rhodésia Kidul </noinclude> }} k0mrbcgxtbnu83l7al6cmulq2p5o7mu Citakan:Country data Rhodésia Kidul 10 109010 729383 2026-09-27T04:46:00Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Rhodésia Kidul | flag alias = Flag of Southern Rhodesia (1924–1964).svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sepak bola Zimbabwé | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> | redir1 = Southern Rhodesia | related1 = Zimbabwé | related2 = Rhodésia | related3 = Rhodésia Kalér </noinclude> }} rm94qpttwsb2z83x5de36fcv0253d3t Citakan:Country data Nyasaland 10 109011 729385 2026-09-27T04:51:07Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Nyasaland | flag alias = Flag of Nyasaland (1919–1925).svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sépak bola Malawi | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> | related1 = Rhodésia jeung Nyasaland </noinclude> }} gemtqnz8a37eqojwkfu53x4h13pcwn3 Citakan:Country data Vanuatu 10 109012 729391 2026-09-27T05:20:37Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Vanuatu | flag alias = Flag of Vanuatu.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = VUT | redir2 = VAN | related1 = Hebrides Anyar </noinclude> }} nlkarcbef30gl3as53tbh1513pvbsza 729395 729391 2026-09-27T05:24:56Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Vanuatu | flag alias = Flag of Vanuatu.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = VUT | redir2 = VAN | related1 = Hébrides Anyar </noinclude> }} 4hseoxjsaryq2e9fhcorl4aeznss60a Citakan:Country data Hébrides Anyar 10 109013 729392 2026-09-27T05:22:50Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Hebrides Anyar | flag alias = Flag of France.svg | flag alias-1906 = Flag of the British New Hebrides (1906–1952).svg | flag alias-1953 = Flag of the British New Hebrides (1952–1980).svg | flag alias-1963 = Flag Vanuatu 1963.svg | flag alias-1966 = Flag of New Hebrides.svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sépak bola Vanuatu | link alias-rugby union = Tim nasional rugbi Vanuatu | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> | var1 = 1906 | var2 = 1953 | var3 = 1963 | var4 = 1966 | related1 = Vanuatu </noinclude> }} t7ggr0d7jld71afe1zu929jxq25k2xt 729393 729392 2026-09-27T05:24:20Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Country data Hebrides Anyar]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Hébrides Anyar]] 729392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Hebrides Anyar | flag alias = Flag of France.svg | flag alias-1906 = Flag of the British New Hebrides (1906–1952).svg | flag alias-1953 = Flag of the British New Hebrides (1952–1980).svg | flag alias-1963 = Flag Vanuatu 1963.svg | flag alias-1966 = Flag of New Hebrides.svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sépak bola Vanuatu | link alias-rugby union = Tim nasional rugbi Vanuatu | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> | var1 = 1906 | var2 = 1953 | var3 = 1963 | var4 = 1966 | related1 = Vanuatu </noinclude> }} t7ggr0d7jld71afe1zu929jxq25k2xt Citakan:Country data Hebrides Anyar 10 109014 729394 2026-09-27T05:24:20Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Country data Hebrides Anyar]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Hébrides Anyar]] 729394 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Hébrides Anyar]] 00wgre3zj421r6utj7596bjpr42h8j2 Kategori:Citakan data Indonésia 14 109015 729396 2026-09-27T05:38:05Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Kategori anyar 729396 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Citakan data nagara|Indonésia]] ex9ccg4u09zskwpp0ap0e12zw6vsdzj Kategori:Citakan data Jepang 14 109016 729406 2026-09-27T06:25:26Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Kategori anyar 729406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Citakan dumasar nagara|Jepang]] [[Kategori:Jepang|Citakan]] egtlou7b9rfnql331w616aedi04krm4 729407 729406 2026-09-27T06:27:45Z Rafka Aditia 29183 729407 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Citakan data nagara|Jepang]] cisyjcle119cczrupj11xmeu5835e7v Citakan:Country data Antigua jeung Barbuda 10 109017 729409 2026-09-27T06:34:26Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Antigua jeung Barbuda | flag alias = Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg | flag alias-colonial = Missing Blue Ensign.svg | flag alias-naval = Coastguard Ensign of Antigua and Barbuda.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | redir1 = ATG | redir2 = Antigua and Barbuda | redir3 = Antigua | redir4 = Barbuda </noinclude> }} 4gxdc0lmbauicux3tny0vpjtjuz7wqb Citakan:Country data Bahama 10 109018 729410 2026-09-27T06:38:24Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Bahama | flag alias = Flag of the Bahamas.svg | flag alias-colonial = Missing Blue Ensign.svg <!-- Bahamasflag.gif deleted from Commons --> | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of the Bahamas.svg | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of the Bahamas.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | var2 = civil | redir1 = BHS | redir2 = BAH | redir3 = The Bahamas | redir4 = Bahamas | redir5 = Bahamas, The | redir6 = the Bahamas </noinclude> }} pw1zln5060ii7unvyrjlog9ue7cbgmv Citakan:Country data Barbados 10 109019 729411 2026-09-27T06:42:09Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Barbados | flag alias = Flag of Barbados.svg | flag alias-1885 = Flag of Barbados (1870–1966).svg | flag alias-1958 = Flag of Barbados (1870–1966).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Barbados.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1885 | var2 = 1958 | redir1 = BRB | redir2 = BAR </noinclude> }} 8gkamjyahoo0pzwaxt8q66l218mtwht Citakan:Country data Bélis 10 109020 729412 2026-09-27T06:47:38Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Bélis | flag alias = Flag of Belize.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = BLZ | redir2 = BIZ | related1 = Honduras Britania </noinclude> }} 7pqx5fvggkev6svgp27qf6yaqrgcnaf Citakan:Country data Honduras Britania 10 109021 729413 2026-09-27T06:55:30Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Honduras Britania | flag alias = Flag of British Honduras (1919–1981).svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sépak bola Bélis | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | kategori = tilas nagara <noinclude> | redir1 = British Honduras | related1 = Bélis </noinclude> }} 2qqde46db455wuane7w9jb6k6bx5oas Citakan:Country data Dominika 10 109022 729414 2026-09-27T07:00:22Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Dominika | flag alias = Flag of Dominica.svg | flag alias-1955 = Missing Blue Ensign.svg <!-- Flag of Dominica 1955-1965.png deleted from Commons --> | flag alias-1965 = Missing Blue Ensign.svg <!-- Flag of Dominica 1965-1978.gif deleted from Commons --> | flag alias-1978 = Flag of Dominica (1978-1981).svg | flag alias-1981 = Flag of Dominica 1981.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1978 | var2 = 1981 | var3 = 1955 | var4 = 1965 | redir1 = DMA | redir2 = Dominica </noinclude> }} 504x3rv31ovmoyijvcrwwae7f7h60y7 Citakan:Country data Grénada 10 109023 729415 2026-09-27T07:17:02Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Grénada | flag alias = Flag of Grenada.svg | flag alias-1903 = Flag of Grenada (1903–1967).svg | flag alias-naval= Naval Ensign of Grenada.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1903 | redir1 = GRD | redir2 = GRN </noinclude> }} 48vetve6mmhydpnnwhfviukpi49og6o Citakan:Country data Guatémala 10 109024 729417 2026-09-27T07:21:35Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Guatémala | flag alias = Flag of Guatemala.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = GTM | redir2 = GUA </noinclude> }} 3pf9tnrx911dqa6hwla28kwsrbefjpc 729418 729417 2026-09-27T07:25:03Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Data nagara Guatemala]] 729418 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Data nagara Guatemala]] 6lehx8cvc6xogi2k9ebmbd81qoq8xzv 729450 729418 2026-09-27T09:31:33Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Ubah target pengalihan dari [[Citakan:Data nagara Guatemala]] ke [[Citakan:Country data Guatemala]] 729450 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Guatemala]] n7ix74vxn9tkqmeoys2kni40w9fkpuj Citakan:Country data Haiti 10 109025 729419 2026-09-27T07:29:48Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Haiti | flag alias = Flag of Haiti.svg | flag alias-1964 = Flag of Haiti (1964-1986).svg | flag alias-civil = Flag of Haiti (civil).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1964 | var2 = civil | redir1 = HTI | redir2 = HAI </noinclude> }} 8hw7q9r5vgnaaz5e6p42u2ngmu95vwu Citakan:Country data Trinidad jeung Tobago 10 109026 729420 2026-09-27T07:34:25Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Trinidad jeung Tobago | flag alias = Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of Trinidad and Tobago (1889–1958).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Trinidad and Tobago.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | redir1 = TTO | redir2 = TRI | redir3 = Trinidad and Tobago | redir4 = Trinidad & Tobago </noinclude> }} 7tm48819prl2gbspvorrlujzzb1v4tt Citakan:Country data Fiji 10 109027 729422 2026-09-27T07:58:12Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Fiji | flag alias = Flag of Fiji.svg | flag alias-1871 = Flag of the Kingdom of Fiji (1871-1874).svg | flag alias-1908 = Flag of Fiji (1908-1924).svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of Fiji (1924-1970).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Fiji.svg | link alias-naval = Angkatan Laut Républik Fiji | flag alias-civil = Civil Ensign of Fiji.svg | flag alias-government = Government Ensign of Fiji.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | redir1 = FJI | redir2 = FIJ </noinclude> }} 0r83i7ebkzf4884jom9f07i9ws5jnm5 Citakan:Country data Kiribati 10 109028 729423 2026-09-27T08:04:50Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kiribati | flag alias = Flag of Kiribati.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = KIR </noinclude> }} 7u91sxbkcwqmi9izwjkjebfsvns0k2j Citakan:Country data Nauru 10 109029 729424 2026-09-27T08:08:38Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Nauru | flag alias = Flag of Nauru.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = NRU </noinclude> }} ox38lqadepd2dz9pob7t2ve847fepp5 Citakan:Country data Palau 10 109030 729425 2026-09-27T08:11:15Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Palau | flag alias = Flag of Palau.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = PLW </noinclude> }} 37v2ahbzir9yi73lg8fbzr30uzxd8um Citakan:Country data Papua Nugini 10 109031 729426 2026-09-27T08:12:59Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Papua Nugini | flag alias = Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg | flag alias-1965 = Flag of Papua New Guinea (1965–1970).svg | flag alias-1970 = Flag of Papua New Guinea 1970.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Papua New Guinea.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1965 | var2 = 1970 | redir1 = PNG | redir2 = Papua New Guinea </noinclude> }} s0fw9fefbtvhu1qqic447pglcl0tah1 Citakan:Country data Samoa 10 109032 729427 2026-09-27T08:17:57Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Samoa | flag alias = Flag of Samoa.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of the Samoa Trust Territory.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | redir1 = SAM | redir2 = Western Samoa | redir3 = WSM | redir4 = Samoa Kulon | related1 = Samoa Amérika </noinclude> }} ihoud0zln8bz5xumy933u64xex0tqlu Citakan:Country data Kapuloan Solomon 10 109033 729429 2026-09-27T08:25:21Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kapuloan Solomon | flag alias = Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of the Solomon Islands.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = SLB | redir2 = SOL | redir3 = Solomon Islands | redir4 = the Solomon Islands | redir5 = Kapuloan Salomo </noinclude> }} ggo1eyv8j5enk9m5h75n9rfis85nxvb Citakan:Country data Kapuloan Marshall 10 109034 729430 2026-09-27T08:33:24Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kapuloan Marshall | flag alias = Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg | alt attribute = Bandéra Kapuloan Marshall | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = MHL | redir2 = Marshall Islands </noinclude> }} 47721wnhrgasm2wigo6hqo9knox4esc Citakan:Country data Féderasi Mikronésia 10 109035 729431 2026-09-27T08:42:41Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Féderasi Mikronésia | shortname_alias = Mikronésia | flag alias = Flag of Micronesia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = FSM | redir2 = MIC | redir3 = Micronesia | redir4 = Federated States of Micronesia | redir5 = Federasi Mikronesia | related1 = Wewengkon Pawalian Kapuloan Pasifik </noinclude> }} 060wsp7hwamf9zpelzag96rf3xj33hy Citakan:Country data Tonga 10 109036 729432 2026-09-27T08:48:13Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Tonga | flag alias = Flag of Tonga.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Tonga.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = TON | redir2 = TGA </noinclude> }} 0f246ovvp39lj42ltjecz9j2v43l86s Citakan:Country data Tuvalu 10 109037 729433 2026-09-27T08:50:04Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Tuvalu | flag alias = Flag of Tuvalu.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = TUV </noinclude> }} qpnklk02d9785854rbf9fynq0p15206 Citakan:Country data Honduras 10 109038 729434 2026-09-27T08:53:00Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Honduras | flag alias = Flag of Honduras.svg | flag alias-1839 = Flag of Honduras (1839-1866).svg | flag alias-1866 = Flag of Honduras (1866-1898).svg | flag alias-1898 = Flag of Honduras (1898-1949).svg | flag alias-1949 = Flag of Honduras (1949-2022).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Honduras.svg | link alias-naval = Angkatan Laut Honduras | link alias-air force = Angkatan Udara Honduras | link alias-army = Angkatan Bersenjata Honduras{{!}}Angkatan Darat Honduras | flag alias-navy = Naval Ensign of Honduras.svg | link alias-navy = Angkatan Laut Honduras | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1839 | var2 = 1866 | var3 = 1898 | var4 = 1949 | redir1 = HND | redir2 = HON </noinclude> }} nf7asq5w7d175xuww5nf24kke5wmp89 729435 729434 2026-09-27T08:55:33Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Data nagara Honduras]] 729435 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Data nagara Honduras]] 8cdnlhf7ldt53hqstwx2pb46t45i0kz Citakan:Country data Jamaika 10 109039 729436 2026-09-27T08:58:38Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Jamaika | flag alias = Flag of Jamaica.svg | flag alias-1875 = Flag of Jamaica (1875–1906).svg | flag alias-1906 = Flag of Jamaica (1906–1957).svg | flag alias-1957 = Flag of Jamaica (1957–1962).svg | flag alias-1962 = Flag of Jamaica (1962).svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Jamaica.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1875 | var2 = 1906 | var3 = 1957 | var4 = 1962 | redir1 = JAM | redir2 = Jamaica </noinclude> }} csj0kj1jac421le5wf7t2bw8522gvkt Citakan:Data nagara Nikaragua 10 109040 729438 2026-09-27T08:59:48Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Data nagara Nikaragua]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Nikaragua]] 729438 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Nikaragua]] 46o3mpnfjbwoxfnljj9ryw3zz86m5t8 Citakan:Data nagara Panama 10 109041 729440 2026-09-27T09:01:16Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Data nagara Panama]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Panama]] 729440 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Panama]] 5yktx9upgmjhwtwuimg6aa5t38496yt Citakan:Data nagara Kosta Rika 10 109042 729442 2026-09-27T09:02:59Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Data nagara Kosta Rika]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Kosta Rika]] 729442 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Kosta Rika]] 5yk99tcky5ld3r12w1weflbz6osd8wt Citakan:Country data Saint Kitts jeung Névis 10 109043 729443 2026-09-27T09:06:11Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Saint Kitts jeung Névis | flag alias = Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = KNA | redir2 = SKN | redir3 = St. Kitts and Nevis | redir4 = Saint Kitts and Nevis | redir5 = St. Kitts </noinclude> }} ssme643d38843sougquivavg9z8rfi2 Citakan:Country data Sao Tome jeung Principe 10 109044 729444 2026-09-27T09:12:12Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Sao Tome jeung Principe | flag alias = Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | redir1 = STP | redir2 = São Tomé dan Príncipe | redir3 = Sao Tome and Principe | redir4 = São Tomé and Príncipe </noinclude> }} k3vqsz3h23f4i33en35pfdi3hmtt0j0 Citakan:Country data Seychéll 10 109045 729445 2026-09-27T09:17:36Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Seychéll | flag alias = Flag of the Seychelles.svg | alt attribute = Bendera Seychelles | flag alias-1976 = Flag of the Seychelles 1976.svg | flag alias-1977 = Flag of the Seychelles 1977.svg | flag alias-colonial = Government Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1976 | var2 = 1977 | var3 = colonial | redir1 = SYC | redir2 = SEY | redir3 = Seychelles | redir4 = Sesel </noinclude> }} slhxdwdcm46rluvqxra5tj4ayrogbpk Citakan:Data nagara Guatemala 10 109046 729447 2026-09-27T09:20:04Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Data nagara Guatemala]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Guatemala]] 729447 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Guatemala]] n7ix74vxn9tkqmeoys2kni40w9fkpuj Citakan:Country data Tanjung Verdé 10 109047 729448 2026-09-27T09:26:25Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Tanjung Verdé | flag alias = Flag of Cape Verde.svg | flag alias-1975 = Flag of Cape Verde (1975-1992).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1975 | redir1 = CPV | redir2 = Cape Verde | redir3 = Cape Verde Islands </noinclude> }} 148mj7hmlma1l5mulqeywjr1n7n60zc Citakan:Country data Saint Lusia 10 109048 729449 2026-09-27T09:29:46Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Saint Lusia | flag alias = Flag of Saint Lucia.svg | flag alias-1875 = Missing Blue Ensign.svg | flag alias-1939 = Missing Blue Ensign.svg | flag alias-1967 = Flag of Saint Lucia 1967.svg | flag alias-1979 = Flag of Saint Lucia (1979-2002).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1875 | var2 = 1939 | var3 = 1967 | var4 = 1979 | redir1 = LCA | redir2 = St. Lucia </noinclude> }} 4mm1nna67ctcx0bx1od9gdg6c1whwnq Citakan:Country data Saint Vincent jeung Grénadin 10 109049 729451 2026-09-27T09:35:58Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Citakan anyar 729451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Saint Vincent jeung Grénadin | flag alias = Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg | flag alias-colonial = Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1907-1979).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = colonial | redir1 = VCT | redir2 = VIN | redir3 = St. Vincent and the Grenadines | redir4 = Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | redir5 = Saint Vincent jeung Grénadines </noinclude> }} r1ljvf4vbwg3nzvtcbbqopsu6epa0yx Kepingan-Kepingan Antropologi Anarkis 0 109050 729453 2026-09-27T10:43:28Z Hasnanf 28942 Nyieun kaca anyar {{Short description|2004 pamphlet by David Graeber}}{{Infobox book | image = | author = [[David Graeber]] | language = [[basa Inggris|Inggris]] | publisher = Prickly Paradigm Press | pub_date = 2004 }} '''''Kepingan-Kepingan Antropologi Anarkis''''' (basa [[Inggris]]: ''Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology'') nyaéta hiji séri pamflét karya [[David Graeber]] anu mimiti dipedalkeun ku Prickly Paradigm Press taun 2004. E... 729453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|2004 pamphlet by David Graeber}}{{Infobox book | image = | author = [[David Graeber]] | language = [[basa Inggris|Inggris]] | publisher = Prickly Paradigm Press | pub_date = 2004 }} '''''Kepingan-Kepingan Antropologi Anarkis''''' (basa [[Inggris]]: ''Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology'') nyaéta hiji séri pamflét karya [[David Graeber]] anu mimiti dipedalkeun ku Prickly Paradigm Press taun 2004. Eusi tina pamflét ieu nyaéta kumpulan ésai ngeunaan garis besar aréa panalungtikan anu bisa dijalajah ku para ahli pikeun ngajieun hiji struktur nu lengkep ti téori sosial anarkis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pricklyparadigm.com/fragments-of-an-anarchist-anthropology|title=Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology by David Graeber|website=Prickly Paradigm Press|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.focaalblog.com/2022/01/18/ayca-cubukcu-on-fragments-of-an-anarchist-anthropology/|title=Ayça Çubukçu: On “Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology”|website=www.focaalblog.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-09-27}}</ref> == Rujukan == ejod1tsz2me4n7h6tqfsq5wbms5sf70 729454 729453 2026-09-27T10:44:31Z Hasnanf 28942 729454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | image = | author = [[David Graeber]] | language = [[basa Inggris|Inggris]] | publisher = Prickly Paradigm Press | pub_date = 2004 }} '''''Kepingan-Kepingan Antropologi Anarkis''''' (basa [[Inggris]]: ''Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology'') nyaéta hiji séri pamflét karya [[David Graeber]] anu mimiti dipedalkeun ku Prickly Paradigm Press taun 2004. Eusi tina pamflét ieu nyaéta kumpulan ésai ngeunaan garis besar aréa panalungtikan anu bisa dijalajah ku para ahli pikeun ngajieun hiji struktur nu lengkep ti téori sosial anarkis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pricklyparadigm.com/fragments-of-an-anarchist-anthropology|title=Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology by David Graeber|website=Prickly Paradigm Press|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.focaalblog.com/2022/01/18/ayca-cubukcu-on-fragments-of-an-anarchist-anthropology/|title=Ayça Çubukçu: On “Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology”|website=www.focaalblog.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-09-27}}</ref> == Rujukan == 05h778qayn9yvsxn02ev8yvmhd25wrz 729457 729454 2026-09-27T10:52:20Z Hasnanf 28942 729457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | image = [[File:David Graeber, Frei von Herrschaft 2008.jpg|David_Graeber,_Frei_von_Herrschaft_2008|150px]] | image caption = ''Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology'' dina basa Jérman | author = [[David Graeber]] | language = [[basa Inggris|Inggris]] | publisher = Prickly Paradigm Press | pub_date = 2004 }} '''''Kepingan-Kepingan Antropologi Anarkis''''' (basa [[Inggris]]: ''Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology'') nyaéta hiji séri pamflét karya [[David Graeber]] anu mimiti dipedalkeun ku Prickly Paradigm Press taun 2004. Eusi tina pamflét ieu nyaéta kumpulan ésai ngeunaan garis besar aréa panalungtikan anu bisa dijalajah ku para ahli pikeun ngajieun hiji struktur nu lengkep ti téori sosial anarkis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pricklyparadigm.com/fragments-of-an-anarchist-anthropology|title=Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology by David Graeber|website=Prickly Paradigm Press|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.focaalblog.com/2022/01/18/ayca-cubukcu-on-fragments-of-an-anarchist-anthropology/|title=Ayça Çubukçu: On “Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology”|website=www.focaalblog.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-09-27}}</ref> == Rujukan == gflnwa8vmb59vy0pe72wpkm30guu8dq Citakan:Dunya 10 109051 729456 2026-09-27T10:48:33Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Topik dunya]] 729456 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Topik dunya]] 8vrlzz98fz8obbd3u4ljj4yw5stm3g4 Kategori:Citakan data wewengkon anu dipaséakeun 14 109052 729459 2026-09-27T11:10:37Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Kategori anyar 729459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Citakan data nagara]] 7ibbkd4z3hemea2c2o4i685lshowwlg Citakan:Data nagara Puérto Riko 10 109053 729461 2026-09-27T11:42:26Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Rafka Aditia mindahkeun kaca [[Citakan:Data nagara Puérto Riko]] ka [[Citakan:Country data Puérto Riko]] 729461 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Country data Puérto Riko]] 2irlicc8ik97oa7sm0g18oxg1mhsly5 Citakan:Data nagara Amérika Sarikat/doc 10 109054 729462 2026-09-27T11:43:23Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Subkaca dokuméntasi anyar 729462 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{template doc page transcluded}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{template doc page viewed directly}}</noinclude> === Daptar varian lengkep === <!-- Many more flag variants are available than shown above: --> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! 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