Wikipedia suwiki https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23 first-letter Média Husus Obrolan Pamaké Obrolan pamaké Wikipedia Obrolan Wikipedia Gambar Obrolan gambar MédiaWiki Obrolan MédiaWiki Citakan Obrolan citakan Pitulung Obrolan pitulung Kategori Obrolan kategori Portal Obrolan portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 3774 730010 711437 2026-10-08T12:31:52Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730010 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Oil well3419.jpg|frame|[[Kompa]] minyak konvénsional di [[Sarnia, Ontario]]]] '''Minyak bumi''' atawa '''pétroleum''' (tina [[basa Yunani]] ''petra'' – [[batu]] jeung ''elaion'' atawa [[basa Latin]] ''oleum'' – [[minyak]]), '''minyak atah''' ('''''crude oil'''''), ogé katelah ''emas hideung'', hartina [[cairan]] kentel, warnana kopi atawa semu héjo, nu mangrupa campuran rupa-rupa [[hidrokarbon]], utamana golongan [[alkana]], sarta kandungan lianna nu aya di lapisan luhur dina jero [[kulit bumi|kulit]] [[Bumi]]. Minyak bumi utamana dipaké pikeun [[bahan bakar]] nu penting pisan salaku sumber [[énergi]] ([http://www.iea.org/bookshop/add.aspx?id=144 IEA Key World Energy Statistics]). Minyak bumi ogé mangrupa bahan baku pikeun rupa-rupa produk [[bahan kimia]], di antarana [[pangleyur]], [[pupuk]], [[péstisida]], jeung [[plastik]]. == Formasi == === Téori biogénik === lolobana ahli [[géologi]] menanggap minyak bumi sarupa jeung [[batubara]] sarta [[gas alam]], mangrupa produk [[diagenesis|komprési jeung pamanasan]] [[vegetasi]] kuna sapanjang [[skala waktu géologis]]. Ceuk ieu [[téori]], kabentukna minyak bumi téh tina pasésaan [[sato|sasatoan]] [[laut]] [[prasajarah]] sarta [[tangkal|tutuwuhan]] terestrial. Sapanjan jutaan taun, [[zat]] [[sanyawa organik|organik]] ieu pagalo jeung [[leutak]], sarta kakubur dina lapisan bahan [[sédimén]] nu kandel. [[Panas]] jeung [[tekenan]] nu dihasilkeunana ngabalukarkeun ieu pasésaan téh ngalaman [[métamorposis]], mimiti jadi bahan sarupa lilin nu katelah [[kerogén]], lajeng jadi hidrokarbon cair jeung gas dina prosés nu disebut [[katagenesis]]. Bahan ieu lajeng ngalir ka lapisan batu luhureunana nepi ka antukna kakurung dina [[pori]] batu nu disebut [[reservoir minyak]], nu salajengna digali ku urang salaku lapang minyak. Jerona ieu reservoir antara 150 m nepi ka 5&nbsp;km. <!--Three conditions must be present for oil reservoirs to form: a rich source rock, a migration conduit, and a trap (seal) that forms the reservoir.The reactions that produce oil and natural gas are often modeled as first order breakdown reactions, where kerogen breaks down to oil and natural gas by a large set of parallel reactions, and oil eventually breaks down to natural gas by another set of reactions. --> === Téori abiogénik === <!--The idea of [[abiogenic petroleum origin]] was championed in the [[Western world]] by [[Thomas Gold]] based on thoughts from [[Russia]], mainly on studies of [[Nikolai Kudryavtsev]]. The idea proposes that large amounts of [[carbon]] exist naturally in the [[planet]], some in the form of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are less dense than aqueous pore fluids, and migrate upward through deep fracture networks. [[extremophile|Thermophilic]], rock-dwelling [[microorganism|microbial life]]-forms are in part responsible for the [[biomarker]]s found in petroleum. However, their role in the formation, alteration, or contamination of the various hydrocarbon deposits is not yet understood{{ref|Kenney2001}}. Thermodynamic calculations{{ref|Kenney2002}} and experimental studies confirm that n-alkanes (common petroleum components) do not spontaneously evolve from [[methane]] at pressures typically found in sedimentary basins, and so the theory of an abiogenic origin of hydrocarbons suggests deep generation (below 200 km) (see results [http://www.gasresources.net/]). As with any petroleum, the idea goes, these hydrocarbons would migrate upwards with methane, sometimes bearing helium and nitrogen and heavy metals. [[Diamondoid]]s are common in oil and gas and its nature probably is related to natural diamonds that come from earth's mantle. The proponents of abiogenic petroleum claim that reserves are never exhausted because they are filled from below. Further evidence, such as the existence of hydrocarbons on planetary bodies (e.g. methane on Titan [http://www.newscientistspace.com/channel/solar-system/cassini-huygens/dn7489-hydrocarbon-volcano-discovered-on-titan.html]) where life has not been found, support this theory. Experiments in 2004, by Henry Scott of the University of Indiana of South Bend and associates, showed that methane could be created from carbon and water at high temperatures and pressures, but Scott states [http://www.homepages.indiana.edu/011405/text/hydrocarbons.shtml] that this not the source of commercial petroleum. Also, the implications of this theory are what have been used to find most of the recent reserves world-wide. Traditional biotic theory only predicts oil in certain rock at a certain depth, but the abiotic theory allows for much more. Reserves in much of Canada, Iran, Kazakhstan, the coast of Vietnam, and virtually all the oil in Russia were found either at depths or in source rock that are incompatible with traditional techniques. In 1985, in Switzerland, Thomas Gold led an experimental drill for oil straight into pure granite, where 12 tonnes [http://portal.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&targetRule=10&xml=/news/2004/06/25/db2501.xml] (about 100 barrels) were extracted over five years. --> == Ékstraksi == <!--Generally the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. Historically, in the [[USA]] some [[oil field]]s existed where the oil rose naturally to the surface, but most of these fields have long since been depleted, except for certain remote locations in Alaska. Often many wells (called ''multilateral wells'') will be drilled into the same reservoir, to ensure that the extraction rate will be economically viable. Also, some wells (''secondary wells'') may be used to pump [[water]], [[steam]], [[acid]]s or various gas mixtures into the reservoir to raise or maintain the reservoir pressure, and so maintain an economic extraction rate. If the underground pressure in the oil reservoir is sufficient, then the oil will be forced to the surface under this pressure. Gaseous fuels or natural gas are usually present, which also supplies needed underground pressure. In this situation it is sufficient to place a complex arrangement of [[valve]]s (the [[Christmas tree (oilfield)|Christmas tree]]) on the [[well head]] to connect the well to a [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]] network for storage and processing. This is called primary oil recovery. Usually, only about 20% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted this way. Over the lifetime of the well the pressure will fall, and at some point there will be insufficient underground pressure to force the oil to the surface. If economical, and it often is, the remaining oil in the well is extracted using secondary oil recovery methods ''(see: [[energy balance]] and [[net energy gain]])''. Secondary oil recovery uses various techniques to aid in recovering oil from depleted or low-pressure reservoirs. Sometimes pumps, such as [[nodding donkey|beam pumps]] and [[Electrical Submersible Pumps|electrical submersible pumps]] (ESPs), are used to bring the oil to the surface. Other secondary recovery techniques increase the reservoir's pressure by [[Water injection (oil production)|water injection]], [[gas reinjection|natural gas reinjection]] and [[Gas Lift|gas lift]], which injects [[Earth's atmosphere|air]], [[carbon dioxide]] or some other gas into the reservoir. Together, primary and secondary recovery allow 25% to 35% of the reservoir's oil to be recovered. Tertiary oil recovery reduces the oil's [[viscosity]] to increase oil production. Tertiary recovery is started when secondary oil recovery techniques are no longer enough to sustain production, but only when the oil can still be extracted [[profit]]ably. This depends on the [[cost]] of the extraction method and the current [[wikinews:price of crude oil|price of crude oil]]. When prices are high, previously unprofitable wells are brought back into production and when they are low, production is curtailed. Thermally-enhanced oil recovery methods (TEOR) are tertiary recovery techniques that heat the oil and make it easier to extract. Steam injection is the most common form of TEOR, and is often done with a [[cogeneration]] plant. In this type of cogeneration plant, a [[gas turbine]] is used to generate [[electricity]] and the waste heat is used to produce steam, which is then injected into the reservoir. This form of recovery is used extensively to increase oil production in the [[San Joaquin Valley]], which has very heavy oil, yet accounts for 10% of the United States' oil production. In-situ [[burn]]ing is another form of TEOR, but instead of steam, some of the oil is burned to heat the surrounding oil. Occasionally, [[detergent]]s are also used to decrease oil viscosity. Tertiary recovery allows another 5% to 15% of the reservoir's oil to be recovered. ===Alternative means of producing oil=== As oil prices continue to escalate, other alternatives to producing oil have been gaining importance. The most viable of these is the coal to oil process, known as the [[Fischer-Tropsch process]], that aims to convert coal into crude oil. It was a concept pioneered in [[Nazi Germany]] when [[import]]s of petroleum were restricted due to war and [[Germany]] found a method to extract oil from coal. It was known as ''Ersatz'' ("substitute" in [[German language|German]]), and accounted for nearly half the total oil used in [[World War II|WWII]] by Germany. However, the process was used only as a last resort as naturally occurring oil was much cheaper. As crude oil prices increase, the cost of coal to oil conversion becomes comparatively cheaper. The method involves converting high ash coal into [[synthetic oil]] in a multistage process. Ideally, a [[ton]] of coal produces nearly 200 [[liter]]s (1.25 bbl) of crude, with [[by-product]]s ranging from tar to [[Abundance of the chemical elements|rare chemicals]]. Currently, two companies have commercialised their Fischer-Tropsch technology. [http://www.shell.com.my/smds Shell] in [[Bintulu]], [[Malaysia]], uses [[natural gas]] as a [[feedstock]], and produces primarily low-[[sulfur]] [[diesel]] fuels. [http://www.sasol.com Sasol] in [[South Africa]] uses coal as a feedstock, and produces a variety of synthetic petroleum products. The process is today used in [[South Africa]] to produce most of the country's [[diesel]] fuel from coal by the company [[Sasol]]. The process was used in South Africa to meet its energy needs during its isolation under [[Apartheid]]. This process has received renewed attention in the quest to produce low [[sulfur]] [[diesel]] fuel in order to minimize [[the environment]]al impact from the use of diesel [[engine]]s. More recently explored is [[Thermal depolymerization]] (TDP). In theory, TDP can convert any organic waste into petroleum. --> == Sajarah == <!--The first [[oil well]]s were drilled in [[China]] in the [[4th century]] or earlier. They had depth of up to 800 feet and were drilled using [[drill bit|bits]] attached to [[bamboo]] poles. The oil was burned to evaporate [[brine]] and produce [[sodium chloride|salt]]. By the [[10th century]], extensive [[bamboo]] pipelines connected oil wells with salt springs. Ancient [[Persian Empire|Persian]] tablets indicate the medicinal and lighting uses of petroleum in the upper echelons of their society. In the [[8th century]], the [[street]]s of the newly-constructed [[Baghdad]] were paved with [[tar]], derived from easily-accessible petroleum from natural fields in the region. In the [[9th century]], oil fields were exploited in [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]], to produce [[naphtha]]. These fields were described by the [[geographer]] [[Masudi]] in the [[10th century]], and by [[Marco Polo]] in the [[13th century]], who described the output of those wells as hundreds of shiploads. ''(See also: [[Timeline of Islamic science and technology]].)'' The [[modern world|modern history]] of oil began in [[1853]], with the discovery of the process of oil distillation. Crude oil was distilled into kerosene by [[Ignacy Lukasiewicz]], a [[Poland|Polish]] [[scientist]]. The first "rock oil" ("petr-oleum") mine was created in [[Bobrka]], near [[Krosno]] in southern [[Poland|Poland]] in the following year and the first [[refinery]] (actually a [[distillery]]) was built in [[Ulaszowice]], also by Lukasiewicz. These discoveries rapidly spread around the world, and [[Meerzoeff]] built the first Russian refinery in the mature oil fields at [[Baku]] in [[1861]]. At that time Baku produced about 90% of the world's oil. The battle of Stalingrad was fought over Baku (now the capital of the Azerbaijan Republic). [[Image:oilfield.jpg|frame|Oil field in [[California]], 1938. The first modern oil well was drilled in [[1848]] by Russian engineer F.N. Semyonov, on the [[Aspheron Peninsula]] north-east of [[Baku]].]] The first commercial oil well drilled in North America was in Oil Springs, [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] in [[1858]], dug by James Miller Williams. The American petroleum [[industry]] began with [[Edwin Drake]]'s discovery of oil in [[1859]], near [[Titusville, Pennsylvania]]. The industry grew slowly in the [[1800s]], driven by the demand for [[kerosene]] and [[oil lamp]]s. It became a major [[nation]]al concern in the early part of the [[20th century]]; the introduction of the [[internal combustion engine]] provided a demand that has largely sustained the industry to this day. Early "local" finds like those in [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Ontario]] were quickly exhausted, leading to "oil booms" in [[Texas]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[California]]. By [[1910]], significant oil fields had been discovered in [[Canada]] (specifically, in the province of [[Alberta]]), the [[Dutch East Indies]] ([[1885]], in [[Sumatra]]), [[Persian Empire|Persia]] ([[1908]], in [[Masjed Soleiman]]), [[Peru]], [[Venezuela]], and [[Mexico]], and were being developed at an industrial level. Even until the mid-([[1950s]]), [[coal]] was still the world's foremost fuel, but oil quickly took over. Following the [[1973 energy crisis]] and the [[1979 energy crisis]], there was significant [[media]] coverage of oil supply levels. This brought to light the concern that oil is a limited resource that will eventually run out, at least as an economically viable energy source. At the time, the most common and popular predictions were always quite dire, and when they did not come true, many dismissed all such discussion. The future of petroleum as a fuel remains somewhat controversial. ''[[USA Today]]'' news ([[2004]]) reports that there are 40 years of petroleum left in the ground. Some would argue that because the total amount of petroleum is finite, the dire predictions of the [[1970s]] have merely been postponed. Others argue that technology will continue to allow for the production of cheap hydrocarbons and that the earth has vast sources of unconventional petroleum reserves in the form of [[tar sands]], bitumen fields and [[oil shale]] that will allow for petroleum use to continue for an extremely long period in the future, with both the Canadian tar sands and United States shale oil deposits representing potential reserves matching existing liquid petroleum deposits worldwide. Today, about 90% of vehicular fuel needs are met by oil. Petroleum also makes up 40% of total energy consumption in the United States, but is responsible for only 2% of electricity generation. Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source powering the vast majority of vehicles and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important [[commodity|commodities]]. Access to it was a major factor in several military conflicts, including World War II and the [[Persian Gulf War]]. About 80% of the world's readily accessible reserves are located in the [[Middle East]], with 62.5% coming from the Arab 5: [[Saudi Arabia]] (12.5%), [[UAE]], [[Iraq]], [[Qatar]] and [[Kuwait]]. The USA has less than 3%. --> == Balukarna ka lingkungan == <!--The presence of oil has significant [[society|social]] and [[environment]]al impacts, from accidents and routine activities such as [[seismology|seismic]] exploration, drilling, and generation of [[pollution|polluting]] wastes. Oil extraction is costly and sometimes environmentally damaging, although [[John Hunt|Dr. John Hunt]] from [[Woods Hole]] pointed out in a [[1981]] paper that over 70% of the reserves in the world are associated with visible macroseepages, and many oil fields are found due to natural leaks. Offshore exploration and extraction of oil disturbs the surrounding marine environment. Extraction may involve [[dredging]], which stirs up the [[seabed]], [[kill]]ing the sea plants that marine creatures need to survive. Crude oil and refined fuel spills from [[tanker (ship)|tanker ship]] accidents have damaged fragile [[ecosystem]]s in [[Alaska]], the [[Galapagos Islands]], [[Spain]], and many other places. Burning oil releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which contributes to [[global warming]]. Per energy unit, oil produces less [[CO2]] than coal, but more than natural gas. However, oil's unique role as a [[transportation]] fuel makes reducing its CO₂ emissions a particularly thorny problem; amelioration strategies such as [[carbon sequestering]] are generally geared for large [[power plant]]s, not individual tailpipes. [[Renewable energy source]] alternatives do exist, although the degree to which they can replace petroleum and the possible environmental damage they may cause are uncertain and controversial. [[Sun]], [[wind]], [[geothermal]], and other renewable electricity sources cannot directly replace high energy density liquid petroleum for transportation use; instead automobiles and other equipment must be altered to allow using electricity (in [[battery (electricity)|batteries]]) or hydrogen (via [[fuel cell]]s or internal combustion) which can be produced from renewable sources. Other options include using [[biomass]]-origin liquid fuels ([[ethanol]], [[biodiesel]]). Any combination of solutions to replace petroleum as a liquid transportation fuel will be a very large undertaking. ==Future of oil== {{main|Hubbert peak theory}} The [[M. King Hubbert|Hubbert]] peak theory, also known as '''''[[peak oil]]''''', is a theory concerning the long-term rate of production of conventional oil and other fossil fuels. It assumes that [[oil reserves]] are not replenishable (i.e. that abiogenic replenishment is negligible), and predicts that future world oil production must inevitably reach a peak and then decline as these reserves are exhausted. Controversy surrounds the theory, as predictions for when the global peak will actually take place are highly dependent on the past production and discovery data used in the calculation. Proponents of peak oil theory also refer as an example of their theory, that when any given oil well produces oil in similar volumes to the amount of water used to obtain the oil, it tends to produce less oil afterwards, leading to the relatively quick exhaustion and/or commercial unviablility of the well in question. The issue can be considered from the point of view of individual regions or of the world as a whole. Originally [[M. King Hubbert]] noticed that the ''discoveries'' in the United States had peaked in the early 1930s, and concluded that ''production'' would then peak in the early 1970s. His prediction turned out to be correct, and after the US peaked in 1971 - and thus lost its excess production capacity - [[OPEC]] was finally able to manipulate oil prices, which led to the oil crisis in 1973. Since then, most other countries have also peaked: Britain's [[North Sea]], for example in late 1990s. China has confirmed that two of its largest producing regions are in decline, and Mexico's national oil company, [[Pemex]], has announced that [[Cantarell Field]], one of the world's largest offshore fields, is expected to peak in 2006, and then decline 14% per annum. For various reasons (perhaps most importantly the lack of transparency in [[accounting]] of global oil reserves), it is difficult to predict the oil peak in any given region. Based on available production data, proponents have previously (and incorrectly) predicted the peak for the world to be in years 1989, 1995, or 1995-2000. However these predictions date from before the recession of the early 1980s, and the consequent reduction in global consumption, the effect of which was to delay the date of any peak by several years. A new prediction by [[Goldman Sachs]] picks 2007 for oil and some time later for natural gas. Just as the 1971 U.S. peak in oil production was only clearly recognized after the fact, a peak in world production will be difficult to discern until production clearly drops off. One signal is that 2005 saw a dramatic fall in announced new oil projects coming to production from 2008 onwards. Since it takes on average four to six years for a new project to start producing oil, in order to avoid the peak, these new projects would have to not only make up for the depletion of current fields, but increase total production annually to meet increasing demand. 2005 also saw substantial increases in oil prices due to temporary circumstances, which then failed to be controlled by increasing production. The inability to increase production in the short term, indicating a general lack of spare capacity, and the corresponding uncontrolled price fluctuations, can be interpreted as a sign that peak oil has occurred or is presently in the process of occurring. --> == Klasifikasi == <!--The [[oil industry]] classifies "crude" by the location of its origin (e.g., "West Texas Intermediate, WTI" or "Brent") and often by its relative weight ([[API gravity]]) or [[viscosity]] ("light", "intermediate" or "heavy"); refiners may also refer to it as "sweet", which means it contains relatively little [[sulfur]], or as "sour", which means it contains substantial amounts of [[sulfur]] and requires more refining in order to meet current product specifications. The world reference [[barrel (unit)|barrel]]s are: * '''Brent Blend''', comprising 15 oils from fields in the [[Brent oilfield|Brent]] and [[Ninian]] systems in the [[East Shetland Basin]] of the [[North Sea]]. The oil is landed at [[Sullom Voe]] terminal in the [[Shetlands]]. Oil production from Europe, Africa and Middle Eastern oil flowing West tends to be priced off the price of this oil, which forms a [[benchmark]]. See also [[Brent crude]]. * [[West Texas Intermediate]] (WTI) for North American oil. * Dubai, used as benchmark for Middle East oil flowing to the [[Asia]]-[[Pacific]] region. * Tapis (from [[Malaysia]], used as a reference for light Far East oil) * Minas (from [[Indonesia]], used as a reference for heavy Far East oil) * The [[OPEC]] Basket consisting of ** Arab Light [[Saudi Arabia]] ** [[Bonny Light]] [[Nigeria]] ** Fateh [[Dubai]] ** Isthmus [[Mexico]] (non-OPEC) ** Minas [[Indonesia]] ** Saharan Blend [[Algeria]] ** Tia Juana Light [[Venezuela]] OPEC attempts to keep the price of the Opec Basket between upper and lower limits, by increasing and decreasing production. This makes the measure important for market analysts. The OPEC Basket, including a mix of light and heavy crudes, is heavier than both Brent and WTI. See also [http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ask/crude_types1.html] --> == Harga == <!--[[Image:Gas-hike.jpg|thumb|350px|Overnight gas price hike shown at a Chicago area BP-Amoco station (background). The Shell station (foreground) has not yet posted the 12 cent price hike.]] References to the oil price are usually either references to the [[spot price]] of either WTI/Light Crude as traded on [[New York Mercantile Exchange]] (NYMEX) for delivery in [[Cushing, Oklahoma]]; or the price of Brent as traded on the [[International Petroleum Exchange]] (IPE) for delivery at [[Sullom Voe]]. The price of a barrel of oil is highly dependent on both its grade (which is determined by factors such as its specific gravity or [[application programming interface|API]] and its sulphur content) and location. The vast majority of oil will not be traded on an exchange but on a [[over-the-counter (finance)|over-the-counter]] basis, typically with reference to a marker crude oil grade that is typically quoted via pricing agencies such as [[Argus Media Ltd]] and [[Platts]]. For example in Europe a particular grade of oil, say Fulmar, might be sold at a price of "Brent plus US$0.25/barrel".or as an [[intra-company transaction]]. IPE claim that 65% of traded oil is priced off their Brent benchmarks. Other important benchmarks include Dubai, Tapis, and the OPEC basket. The [[Energy Information Administration]] (EIA) uses the Imported Refiner Acquisition Cost, the weighted average cost of all oil imported into the US as their "world oil price". It is often claimed that OPEC sets the oil price and the true cost of a barrel of oil is around $2, which is equivalent to the cost of extraction of a barrel in the Middle East. These estimates of costs ignore the cost of finding and developing oil reserves. Furthermore the important cost as far as price is concerned, is not the price of the cheapest barrel but the cost of producing the marginal barrel. By limiting production OPEC has caused more expensive areas of production such as the North Sea to be developed before the Middle East has been exhausted. OPEC's power is also often overstated. Investing in spare capacity is expensive and the low oil price environment in the late 90s led to cutbacks in investment. This has meant during the oil price rally seen between 2003-2005, OPEC's spare capacity has not been sufficient to stabilise prices. [[Image:Oil Prices Medium Term.png|thumb|300px|Oil prices, 1994-2006 (not adjusted for inflation).]] Oil demand is highly dependent on global macroeconomic conditions, so this is also an important determinant of price. Some economists claim that high oil prices have a large negative impact on the global growth. This means that the relationship between the oil price and global growth is not particularly stable although a high oil price is often thought of as being a late cycle phenomenon. A recent low point was reached in January [[1999]], after increased oil production from Iraq coincided with the [[Asian financial crisis]], which reduced demand. The prices then rapidly increased, more than doubling by September [[2000]], then fell until the end of [[2001]] before steadily increasing, reaching US $40 to US $50 per barrel by September [[2004]]. [http://futures.tradingcharts.com/chart/CO/M] In October 2004, light crude [[futures contract]]s on the NYMEX for November delivery exceeded US $53 per barrel and for December delivery exceeded US $55 per barrel. Crude oil prices surged to a record high above $60 a barrel in June 2005, sustaining a rally built on strong demand for gasoline and diesel and on concerns about refiners' ability to keep up. This trend continued into early [[August]] [[2005]], as NYMEX crude oil futures contracts surged past the $65 mark as consumers kept up the demand for gasoline despite its high price. (see [[Oil price increases of 2004 and 2005]]).) The [[New York Mercantile Exchange]] (NYMEX) trades crude oil (including futures contracts) and provides the basis of US crude oil pricing via WTI (West Texas Intermediate). Other exchanges also trade crude oil futures, eg the [[International Petroleum Exchange]] (IPE) in London trades contracts in Brent crude. Even individuals can now trade crude oil through online trading sites [[margin account]] or their banks through [[structured product]]s indexed on the Commodities markets. [[Image:Oil Prices Short Term.png|thumb|300px|Recent oil prices, 2004-2006]] See also [http://www.wtrg.com/prices.htm History and Analysis of Crude Oil Prices] --> == Nagara utama produsén minyak bumi == Sumber: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070216112638/http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/topworldtables1_2.html Statistika énergi ti Pamaréntah AS] Dumasar produksi taun 2004 (jb/p = ''juta barél per poé''): * [[Arab Saudi]] ([[OPEC]]) - 10.37 jb/p * [[Rusia]] - 9.27 jb/p * [[Amérika Serikat]] ¹ - 8.69 jb/p * [[Iran]] (OPEC) - 4.09 jb/p * [[Méksiko]] ¹ - 3.83 jb/p * [[Cina]] ¹ - 3.62 jb/p * [[Norwégia]] ¹ - 3.18 jb/p * [[Kanada]] ¹ - 3.14 jb/p * [[Vénézuéla]] (OPEC) ¹ - 2.86 jb/p * [[Uni Émirat Arab]] (OPEC) - 2.76 jb/p * [[Kuwait]] (OPEC) - 2.51 jb/p * [[Nigeria]] (OPEC) - 2.51 jb/p * [[Inggris]] ¹ - 2.08 jb/p * [[Irak]] (OPEC) ² - 2.03 jb/p <small>¹ [[Cadangan minyak#Nagara nu geus ngaliwatan puncak produksina|puncak produksi geus kaliwat]]</small> <small>² Najan masih anggota, Irak can kungsi deui dilaporkeun catetan produksina ti 1998</small> Dumasar jumlah nu diékspor taun 2003: * Saudi Arabia (OPEC) * Russia * Norway ¹ * Iran (OPEC) * United Arab Emirates (OPEC) * Venezuela (OPEC) ¹ * Kuwait (OPEC) * Nigeria (OPEC) * Mexico ¹ * Algeria (OPEC) * Libya (OPEC) ¹ <small>¹ [[Cadangan minyak#Nagara nu geus ngaliwatan puncak produksina|puncak produksi geus kaliwat]]</small> Catet yén AS ampir maké sakabéh produksina sorangan, sedengkeun Inggris kiwari geus jadi ''net-importer''. Produksi/konsumsi sadunya (taun [[2005]]) kira 84 juta barél unggal poéna. Baca ogé: [[Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries]]. == Minyak bumi dina taktik militér == <!--* In [[World War 2]] the [[Soviet Union]] sought to protect their [[oil fields]] from falling into the hands of [[Nazi Germany]] at the [[Battle of Stalingrad]]. * The [[United States]] has a [[strategic oil reserve]] in the event of war or loss of oil supplies. * During the [[Iran-Iraq War]] many nations sent military ships to escort tankers carrying oil. * During the [[Gulf War]], [[Iraq]]'s retreating troops burned [[Kuwait]]'s oil fields in order to give them air cover, to slow the advance of pursuing coalition forces, and to damage the Kuwaiti economy. * During the [[Iraq War]] the United States had military units work to quickly secure oil fields and remove any explosives that Iraq was rumored to have placed on them to be used in the event of an invasion. ==Books about the petroleum industry== * {{Book reference | Author=James Howard Kunstler | Title=The Long Emergency: Surviving the Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-first Century | Publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press | Year=2005 | ID=0871138883}} * {{Book reference | Author= C.J. Campbell| Title=The Coming Oil Crisis | Publisher= | Year=2004 | ID=}} * {{Book reference | Author= Peter Odell| Title=Why Carbon Fuels Will Dominate the 21st Century's Global Energy Economy| Publisher= Multi Science| Year=2004 | ID=0906522226 }} * {{Book reference | Author= | Title=Out of Gas: The End of the Age of Oil | Publisher= | Year=2004 | ID=}} * {{Book reference | Author=Amory B. Lovins | Title=Winning the Oil Endgame | Publisher=Rocky Mountain Institute | Year=2004 | ID=1881071103}} * {{Book reference | Author= | Title=Hubbert's Peak : The Impending World Oil Shortage | Publisher= | Year=2003 | ID=}} * {{Book reference | Author=Vaclav Smil | Title=Energy at the Crossroads : Global Perspectives and Uncertainties | Publisher=The MIT Press | Year=2003 | ID=0262194929}} * {{Book reference | Author=Daniel Yergin | Title=The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power | Publisher=Simon & Schuster | Year=1991 | ID=0671502484}} * {{Book reference | Author=Harold F. Williamson and Arnold R. Daum | Title=The American Petroleum Industry: Volume I, The Age of Illumination | Publisher=Northwestern University Press | Year=1959 | ID=}} * {{Book reference | Author=Harold F. Williamson, Ralph L. Andreano, Arnold R. Daum, and Gilbert C. Klose | Title=The American Petroleum Industry: Volume II, The Age of Energy | Publisher=Northwestern University Press | Year=1963 | ID=}} ==Films about petroleum== * {{imdb title|id=0299612|title=Burning of the Standard Oil Co.'s Tanks, Bayonne, N.J.}} * {{imdb title|id=0363498|title=California Oil Wells in Operation }} * {{imdb title|id=0222879|title=Canada Strikes Oil: Leduc, Alberta 1947 }} * {{imdb title|id=0446320|title=The End of Suburbia: Oil Depletion and the Collapse of the American Dream}} ** http://www.endofsuburbia.com * {{imdb title|id=0063060|title=Hellfighters}} * {{imdb title|id=0386530|title=Incendio del pozo petrolero de Dos Bocas, Veracruz}} * {{imdb title|id=0391235|title=La Industria del Petróleo}} * {{imdb title|id=0172594|title=Industria petrolului }} * {{imdb title|id=0334042|title=Oil - From Fossil to Flame }} * {{imdb title|id=0184795|title=Oil Fires, Their Prevention and Extinguishment}} * {{imdb title|id=0461695|title=Oil Storm }} * {{imdb title|id=0224029|title=Roughnecks: The Story of Oil Drillers }} * {{imdb title|id=0348412|title=Wildcatter: The Story of Texas Oil }} * {{imdb title|id=0104706|title=Lektionen in Finsternis }} * [[Syriana]] * [http://www.archive.org/details/Destinat1956 "Destination Earth"] at the [[Prelinger Archives]] ==Writers covering the petroleum industry== *[[Colin Campbell (geologist)|Colin J. Campbell]] *[[Kenneth S. Deffeyes]] *[[Thomas Gold]] *[[David Goodstein]] *[[Jay Hanson]] *[[Daniel Yergin]] ==Baca ogé== * [[Abiogenic petroleum origin]] * [[List of oil fields]] * [[List of oil-producing states]] * [[List of oil-consuming states]] * [[Oil reserves#Countries that have already passed their production peak|List of Countries that have already passed their production peak]] * [[List of petroleum companies]] * [[Energy crisis]]: [[1973 energy crisis]], [[1979 energy crisis]] * [[Fossil fuel]] * [[Greenhouse gas]]es * [[History of the Petroleum Industry]] * [[Hubbert peak]] (aka peak oil) * [[Future energy development]] * [[1990 spike in the price of oil]] * [[Mineral oil]] * [[Non-conventional oil]] * [[Oil imperialism]] * [[Oil price increases of 2004 and 2005]] * [[Oil refinery]] * [[Oil supplies]] * [[Oil well]] * [[Olduvai theory]] (not strictly about oil, but it basically assumes that oil and gas are the only significant energy sources) * [[Petroleum disaster]]s * [[Petroleum geology]] * [[Petroleum politics]] * [[Renewable energy]] * [[Soft energy path]] * [[Thermal depolymerization]] * [[Thomas Gold]] --> == Tumbu kaluar == {{Commons|Petroleum}} * [http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html US Energy Information Administration] - Part of the informative website of the US Government's Energy Information Administration. * [http://www.api.org/ American Petroleum Institute] - A site run by the American Petroleum Institute, the trade association of the US oil industry. * [http://www.longemergency.blogspot.com Long Emergency Blog] - A site with Péak Oil news and discussion, regarding how our world will never be the same. * [http://theoildrum.com The Oil Drum] - A Community Discussion about Péak Oil and the Oil Industry. * [http://futures.tradingcharts.com/chart/CO Crude Oil Commodity Charts] - Price charts for crude oil * [http://www.geo.uw.edu.pl/BOBRKA/DATY/daty.htm Major dates of the Polish petroleum industry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519031720/http://www.geo.uw.edu.pl/BOBRKA/DATY/daty.htm |date=2007-05-19 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030221233432/http://www.gasresources.net/DisposalBioClaims.htm Dismissal of the Claims of a Biological Connection for Natural Petroleum.] * [http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2002/11nov/abiogenic.cfm Abiogenic Gas Debate 11:2002 (EXPLORER)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050404212240/http://www.gasresources.net/Introduction.htm An introduction to the modern petroleum science, and to the Russian-Ukrainian theory of deep, abiotic petroleum origins.] * [http://www.spe.org/elibinfo/eLibrary_Papers/spe/1982/82UGR/00010836/00010836.htm Unconventional Ideas About Unconventional Gas (Society of Petroleum Engineers)] * [http://www.bp.com/genericsection.do?categoryId=92&contentId=7005893 BP Statistical Revue of World Energy ] * [http://www.oilrocks.com Oil Rocks] * [http://www.peak-oil-crisis.com Peak Oil News and Articles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221151602/http://www.peak-oil-crisis.com/ |date=2006-02-21 }} * [http://www.nymex.com Nymex] - oil trading center of the US * [http://www.bloomberg.com/energy/ Bloomberg Energy Prices] - current prices on world mercantile exchanges * [http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/ Oil Marketer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070620141219/http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/ |date=2007-06-20 }} - oil news and market information * [http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=3884623 Oil in troubled waters] - Economist article on investor approaches to oil markets, supply, and future * [http://www.pdvsa.com PDVSA] - The site for the state-owned oil company of Venezuela * [http://www.venezuelanalysis.com venezuelanalysis.com] - A site focusing on developments in Venezuela, with a big emphasis on the oil issue. * [http://www.touchoilandgas.com/ Petroleum industry portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060203024633/http://www.touchoilandgas.com/ |date=2006-02-03 }} <!-- ===Articles=== * [http://pr.caltech.edu/periodicals/CaltechNews/articles/v38/oil.html The End of the Age of Oil] - article adapted from a talk by Caltech vice provost and professor of physics [[David Goodstein]] * [http://www.publicintegrity.org/oil/ The Politics of Oil] - A report on the oil industry's influence of lawmakers and public policy by the ''[[Center for Public Integrity]]''. * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3953907.stm BBC: Stability fears rise as oil reliance grows] * [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/09/AR2005060900148_pf.html Top Saudi Says Kingdom Has Plenty of Oil] "261 billion barrels in reserve..." * [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,16849-1733893,00.html Lee Raymond of Exxon Mobile believes oil supplies will rise] * [http://www.arabnews.com/?page=6&section=0&article=44011&d=29&m=4&y=2004 Known Saudi Arabian Oil Reserves Tripled] * [http://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=6110&tabla=miami Pemex's oil estimates double:] Mexican Oil company's estimate of reserves doubled. *''[http://www.gasresources.net/DisposalBioClaims.htm Dismissal of the Claims of a Biological Connection for Natural Petroleum] {{ref|Kenney2001}}'' *''[http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2002/11nov/abiogenic.cfm Abiogenic Gas Debate 11:2002 (EXPLORER)]'' ===Data=== *[http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/petroleu.html Department of Energy EIA - World supply and consumption] * [http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/prices.html US petroleum prices] ===References=== # {{note|Kenney2002}} {{cite journal | author=Kenney, J., Kutcherov, V., Bendeliani, N. and Alekseev, V. | title= The evolution of multicomponent systems at high pressures: VI. The thermodynamic stability of the hydrogen–carbon system: The genesis of hydrocarbons and the origin of petroleum | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. | volume=99 | year=2002 | pages=10976-10981 | url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/17/10976 }} # {{note|Kenney2001}} {{cite journal | author=Kenney, J., Shnyukov, A., Krayushkin, V., Karpov, I., Kutcherov, V. and Plotnikova, I. | title= Dismissal of the claims of a biological connection for natural petroleum | journal=Energia | volume=22 | issue=3 | year=2001 | pages=26-34}} --> {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Minyak]] [[Kategori:Minyak bumi]] 0i0phetnfe75zyapyi6keygc39h875d 0 5558 730031 705541 2026-10-08T18:24:53Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[Solat]] '''Subuh''' ({{lang-ar|فجر}}) nyaéta salah sahiji solat lima waktu nu dilakukeun ku [[Muslim]] dina waktu fajar. Solat lima waktu sacara koléktif ngawangun salah sahiji tina [[Rukun Islam]], dina [[Islam Sunni]], sarta salah sahiji tina (sapuluh) [[Furuu'-ad-diin]] dina [[Islam Si'ah]]. Solat Subuh, atawa solat Fajar disebutkeun dina [[Al Qur'an]] Q.S 24:58. Numutkeun sababaraha pendapat, hal ieu dianggap ku Muslim leuwih berharga tinimbang hirupna sorangan. Numutkeun [[tafsir]] dua [[hadits]] anu [[rawi|dirawikeun]] ti [[Nabi]] [[Muhammad]], solat Subuh leuwih dipikaresep ku [[Allah]] sabab dina wanci harita lolobana jelema keur saré. Hal ieu ngajadikeun solat Subuh kacida pentingna dilakukeun sacara berjama'ah di [[Masjid]] Pikeun kaum [[Islam]] Sunni atawa Si'ah, solat Subuh dilakukeun dua ''[[Fardu]]'' [[roka'at]]. Pamingpin shalat berjama'ah, ''[[Imam]]'', ngalapalkeun bacaan kalayan sora anu tarik. Saméméhna Subuh, disunahkeun solat dua roka'at. Wanci solat Subuh nyaéta ti mimiti fajar <ref>Aya pamanggih nu béda ngeunaan juru (angle) pikeun ngitung fajar. Dua juru nu sohor nyaéta 15° jeung 18° di handapaeun cakrawala, séjénna migunakun 12°.</ref> nepi ka lekasannana. Kaluarna faja ogénandaan dimimitiannana puasa dina bulan [[Romadhon]]. == Catetan == <references/> == Tempo Ogé == * [[Solat]] * [[Subuh]] (solat fajar) * [[Lohor]] (solat tengah poé) * [[Asar]] (solat lingsir panonpoé) * [[Magrib]] (solat surup panopoé) * [[Solat Isa|Isa]] (solat peuting) == Tumbu Luar == * {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20060714023739/http://www.themodernreligion.com/basic/pray/prayer_fajr.html Panduan pikeun Ngajaga Solat Fajar] * {{en}} [http://www.islamfortoday.com/fajr.htm Kauntungan Ganda Fajar keur Urang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205004905/http://www.islamfortoday.com/fajr.htm |date=2004-12-05 }} {{Islam-pondok}} [[Kategori:Solat]] b8pmgd1gj9v14bfxkb8bwil6uroyytu 0 28387 730035 655115 2026-10-08T21:48:31Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730035 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Lightning over Oradea Romania 2.jpg|thumb|right|258px|[[Panas]] jeung [[cahaya]] [[kilat]] mangrupa bentuk énergi.]] Dina [[fisika]] jeung élmu alam lianna, '''énergi''' (tina [[basa Yunani]] {{lang|grc|ἐνέργεια}} - ''[[energeia]]'', "aktivitas, operasi", tina {{lang|grc|ἐνεργός}} - ''energos'', "aktif, digawé"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=energy |title=Energy |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |last=Harper |first=Douglas |accessmonthday=May 1|accessyear=2007}}</ref>) nyaéta hiji kuantitas fisik [[skalar (fisika)|skalar]] anu mangrupa sifat obyék jeung [[sistem]] anu langgeng. Énergi mindeng didéfinisikeun salaku kamampuh pikeun ngalakukeun [[usaha mékanik|usaha]]. == Hijian == === SI jeung hijian nu patali === [[Hijian]] [[SI]] pikeun énergi sarta [[usaha]] nyaéta [[joule]] (J), dingaranan kieu pikeun ngahormat [[James Prescott Joule]] jeung percobaanana dina [[persamaan mékanika panas]]. [[1 E0 J|1 joule]] sarua jeung 1 [[newton]]-[[méter]] sarta, dina istilah hijian [[SI]], 1 J sarua jeung 1 [[kilogram|kg]] [[méter|m]]2 [[detik|s]]−2. == Pamindahan énergi == === Usaha === {{Utama|Usaha mékanik}} ''Usaha'' didéfinisikan minangka "[[integral wates]]" [[gaya]] F sajauh s: :<math> W = \int \mathbf{F} \cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{s}</math> Persamaan di luhur nganyatakeun yén usaha (W) sarua jeung integral ti kakalian titik ([[dot product]]) antara [[gaya]] <math>(\mathbf{F})</math> dina hiji barang jeung [[infinitesimal]] posisi barang <math>(\mathbf{s})</math>. == Rupa-rupa énergi == === Énergi kinétik === {{utama|Énergi kinétik}} Énergi kinétik nyaéta bagian ti énergi anu patali jeung gerakan hiji barang. :<math>E_k = \int \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{p}</math> Persamaan di luhur nganyatakeun yén énergi kinétik (E_k) sarua jeung integral ti [[dot product]] "[[laju]]" <math>(\mathbf{v})</math> hiji barang jeung [[infinitesimal]] [[moméntum]] barang <math>(\mathbf{p})</math>. === Énergi poténsial === {{utama|Énergi poténsial}} Lalawanan jeung [[énergi kinétik]], anu mangrupa énergi ti hiji [[sistem]] balukar gerakna, atawa gerak partikel internalna, [[énergi poténsial]] ti hiji sistem nyaéta énergi anu patali jeung konfigurasi ruang ti komponén-komponénna sarta interaksi maranéhanana. Jumlah partikel anu ngaluarkeun gaya sacara otomatis nyieun hiji sistem kalawan énergi poténsial. Gaya-gaya kasebut, contona, bisa timbul ti interaksi éléktrostatik (tempo [[hukum Coulomb]]), atawa [[gravitasi]]. === Énergi internal === {{utama|Énergi internal}} ''Énergi internal'' nyaéta [[énergi kinétik]] nu patali jeung gerak [[molekul|molekul-molekul]], sarta [[énergi poténsial]] anu patali jeung [[geteran]] [[puteran]] sarta énergi [[listrik]] ti [[atom|atom-atom]] dina jero molekul. == Tempo ogé == === Énergi dina élmu alam === * [[Konvérsi énergi]] * [[daya]] * [[termodinamika]] * [[entropi termodinamika]] === Pamakéan énergi ku manusa === * [[Daptar topik énergi]] * [[Krisis énergi]] * [[Téknologi énergi]] * [[Kawijakan énergi]] * [[Énergi kaanyarkeun]] Artikel séjénna * [[Kasaimbangan énergi]] * [[Panyimpenan énergi]] * [[Transmisi énergi]] == Bacaan satuluyna == * [[Richard Feynman|Feynman, Richard]]. ''Six Easy Pieces: Essentials of Physics Explained by Its Most Brilliant Teacher''. Helix Book. See the chapter "conservation of energy" for Feynman's explanation of what energy is and how to think about it. * [[Albert Einstein|Einstein, Albert]] (1952). ''Relativity: The Special and the General Theory (Fifteenth Edition)''. ISBN 0-517-88441-0 == Tumbu ka luar == * [http://www.indeni.org/ Indonésia Energy Information Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828014657/http://indeni.org/ |date=2008-08-28 }} * [http://energiportal.com/ Portal Média Informasi Énergi] * [http://www.linux-host.org/energy/ Energy Encyclopedia] Encyclopedia of free energy * [http://jumk.de/calc/energy.shtml Conversions of energy units] * [http://interestingenergyfacts.blogspot.com/ Interesting energy facts] * [http://www.physicsweb.org/article/world/15/7/2 What does energy really mean? From Physics World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803214503/http://www.physicsweb.org/article/world/15/7/2 |date=2004-08-03 }} * [http://www.energy.ca.gov/glossary/ Glossary of Energy Terms] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.iea.org International Energy Agency IEA - [[OECD]]] [[Kategori:Fisika]] agkvhtxg0bsyotb0em8z80hadw5mibx 0 31351 730011 729934 2026-10-08T12:45:57Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Other uses|Monzon (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Monzón | native_name = | type = Kotamadya | official_name = <!-- if different from name --> | image = Castillo de Monzon (15530066601).jpg | alt = | caption = Istana di Monzón | image_flag = Bandera_de_Monzon.svg | image_shield = Escudo de Monzón.svg | nickname = | motto = Monzón, cuna de deportistas <small>(Monzón, tempat lahirna para atlit)</small> | image_map = Monzón municipality.png | map_caption = Lokasi di propinsi Huesca | pushpin_map = Spain Aragon#Spain | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_caption = Location in Spain | subdivision_type = Nagara | subdivision_name = {{ESP}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Komunitas otonom di Spanyol|Komunitas otonom]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Aragon}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Propinsi di Spanyol|Propinsi]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Propinsi Huesca|Huesca]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarca di Spanyol|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Cinca Medio]] | seat_type = <!-- [[Puseur dayeuh]] --> | seat = | coordinates = {{coord|41|54|36|N|0|11|24|E|type:city_region:ES|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | elevation_m = 273 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 155.01 | established_title = <!-- Founded --> | established_date = | population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} | population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} | population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}} | population_demonym = Montisonense | population_note = | population_density_km2 = auto | custom_label_sec1 = [[Basa di Spanyol|Basa resmi]] | custom_data_sec1 = | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Kode pos | postal_code = 22400 | area_code_type = Kode telepon | area_code = | leader_title = [[Alcalde]] | leader_name = Álvaro Burrell | leader_party = [[Socialists' Party of Aragon|PSOE-Aragón]] | website = {{official website|http://www.monzon.es/}} | footnotes = }} '''Monzón''' ({{IPA|es|monˈθon|lang|Pronunciation of Monzón in Spanish.ogg}}) nyaéta salah sahiji kotamadya di komunitas otonom [[Aragon]], Spanyol. Kota ieu ngabogaan pangeusi kalawan 17.176 nepi ka 2014.<ref>Instituto Nacional de Estadística. [http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fe260&file=inebase&N=&L=1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314100905/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fe260&file=inebase&N=&L=1 |date=2017-03-14 }} Diaksés tanggal 21 Maret 2013.</ref> Kotamadya ieu ayana di tempat patepungna [[Cinca (Spanyol)|Cinca]] jeung walungan Sosa, dina comarca [[Cinca Medio]] comarca di propinsi [[Propinsi Huesca|Huesca]]. == Catetan jeung réferénsi == <references /> == Tumbu luar == {{commons category}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20191211185303/http://www.monzon.es/ Official site] {{authority control}} {{Spanyol-pondok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Monzon}} [[Kategori:Kota leutik di Spanyol]] [[Kategori:Kotamadya di Propinsi Huesca]] jxk5r5psmeolbj4tu33spllg7szbalo 0 34360 730037 704815 2026-10-09T02:15:59Z ~2026-54264-34 37531 /* */ 730037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lain|Rajawali Télévisi}} [[Gambar:RCTI logo 2015.svg|pra=link=Special:FilePath/RCTI_logo_2019.png|jmpl|Logo RCTI]] '''PT. MIRA MILIK Kita Bersama Bangsa''' atawa anu leuwih dipikawanoh minangka '''RCTI''', ngadeg tanggal [[21 Agustus]] [[1987]] jeung diwangun dina lahan anu legana 10 Héktar.<ref name="unikom">{{id}}[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:FrVjC4SSWboJ:dir.unikom.ac.id/laporan-kerja-praktek/fakultas-sospol/ilmu-komunikasi/2009/jbptunikompp-gdl-dickyhudia-20667/1-bab1-2-3.doc/pdf/1-bab1-2-3.pdf+sejarah+rcti&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi61PbR1wofGNofoC2Xt2HByv8JMXdCWQUAzjNgDTiqCD9J_Fmh98AHferi3Dm8iOLsW3hacGqJYgvlSBfW9o8WrGXVUCtOIKHda8Vc7nCekRuWGJJyOGZyGO3HCqN_Q-mdr_4g&sig=AHIEtbQE-HrcdFf1Txaun1e_sUfIHK4twA Sejarah RCTI] (diakses tanggal 1 november 2011)</ref> RCTI mimiti ngajumantara dina tahap percobaan kalawan lilana 4 jam dina sapoé, dina tanggal [[14 Nopémber]] [[1988]].<ref name="unikom"/> Tuluy ngajumantara dina tanggal [[24 Agustus]] 1989, siaran RCTI ngan saukur bisa ditéwak ku pamiarsa anu boga [[dékoder]] jeung mayar iuran unggal bulanna.<ref name="unikom"/> [[File:TV News Media in GBK Stadium, Jakarta, RCTI.jpg|thumb|genset studio mobil RCTI dipake ku juru kamera.]] Dina tanggal [[1 Agustus]] [[1990]] dumasar kaputusan Menteri Penerangan, pausahaan anu mash sagrup jeung [[TPI]]([[MNCTV]]) jeung [[Global TV (Indonesia)|Global TV]] téh, mimiti ngaleupaskeun pamakéan dékoder.<ref name="unikom"/> Nu antukna masarakat anu teu ngalanggan dékoder ogé bisa ningali tayangan RCTI.<ref name="unikom"/> Mintonkeun rupa-rupa program acara hiburan, informasi jeung berita anu dikemas kalawan matak narik nu nongton.<ref name="unikom"/> Kiwari RCTI téh mangrupa sistem télévisi aun mibanda jaringan panglegana di Indonésia.<ref name="rcti">{{id}}[http://www.rcti.tv/page/profil-perusahaan Profil Perusahaan RCTI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128165403/http://rcti.tv/page/profil-perusahaan |date=2010-11-28 }} (diakses tanggal 1 November 2011)</ref> Ku jalan 48 stasiun relayna, program-program RCTI téh dilalajoanan ku kira-kira 180 juta pamiarsa anu sumebar di 302 kota si sakumna [[Nusantara]], atawa kira-kira 80 % tina jumlah pangeusi Indonésia.<ref name="rcti"/> Ieu kaayaan [[démografi]] téh dibarengan ku rarancang program-program anu matak narik jeung dibarengan ku rating anu hadé, narik minat iklah pikeun mintonkeun promo maranéhna di RCTI.<ref name="rcti"/> ==Sumber== [[Kategori:Pausahaan]] [[Kategori:Stasion télévisi di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Téhnologi]] <references />{{pondok}} seykmqi7asu5037l9ox2z63sfvdeuq1 0 35567 730007 631680 2026-10-08T12:04:51Z ~2026-54149-74 37525 /* */ 730007 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Выпускница школы играет в бильярд.jpg|thumb|([[2011]])]] '''Biliar'''(notog bola), [[olahraga]] ieu ogé dipikawanoh jeung sebutan “bal sodok”.<ref name=sumber1>{{id}} Syukur, Abdul. dkk. 2005. Ensiklopedia Umum untuk Pelajar. PT Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve</ref> Istilah biliar awlna ti basa [[Perancis]] bille anu hartina “[[iteuk]]” atawa “stik”.<ref name=sumber1 /> Cara kaulinanana nya éta notog bola di luhur [[méja]] juruopat nu aya legokna sarta panotog nepi ka ngeunaan bola séjén sarta asup kana liangna.<ref name=sumber1 /> Cabang Olahraga ieu, leuwih dipikawanoh kalayan ''billiard''.<ref name=sumber2>{{id}} Ensiklopedia Anak Nasional. 1989. PT Cipta Adi Pustaka. Kaca 98</ref> Kiwari manéhna ogé loba kapanggih di dayeuh-dayeuh gedé.<ref name=sumber2 /> Nu mikaresepna cukup loba babakuna kaom [[lalaki]].<ref name=sumber2 /> Aya sawatara jinis notog bola.<ref name=sumber1 /> Aya anu ngagunakeun 3 bola, aya deui anu nagagunakeun 15 sarta 21 bola.<ref name=sumber1 /> Bola-bola téa ditempatkeun luhureun méja.<ref name=sumber2 /> Dina bal sodok 3 bal, méjana euweuh legokna.<ref name=sumber2 /> Anu séjén méjana miboga 6 siki legok, nya éta 4 di juru méja anu bagunna pasagi burung, sarta 2 di tengah sisi panjang méja téa.<ref name=sumber2 /> Jinis olahraga notog bola anu kiwari loba diulinkeun jelema nya éta anu maké 15 [[bal]].<ref name=sumber2 /> Bola éta dibéré nomer urut nepi ka 15.<ref name=sumber2 /> Bal panakolna boga warna bodas sarta euweuh nomeran.<ref name=sumber2 /> Lamun bola bodas ieu diitung, jumlahna bola sakabéhna aya 16 siki.<ref name=sumber2 /> Biliar dicoo mimiti di [[Inggris]] sarta [[Perancis]] dina abad ka-15.<ref name=sumber1 /> Kaulinan ieu miboga kasaruaan jeung ''croquet'', nya éta olahraga anu ngadorong-dorong bal ku kai pikeun diasupkeun kana [[gawang]] [[lapang]] héjo.<ref name=sumber1 /> Dina waktu saabad, notog bola geus ngembang kalayan pesat.<ref name=sumber1 /> Ayeuna, biliar mibanda ragem kaulinan mangrupa ''carom'', ''pocket'' (pool), sarta ''snooker''.<ref name=sumber1 /> Sedeng kajuaraann biliar di [[Amérika]] lumangsung nu mimiti dina [[1859]].<ref name=sumber1 /> ==Biliar di Inonésia== Dina awalna, kaulinan biliar di [[Indonésia]] ngan mikawanoh kaulinan kalayan 3 bal.<ref name=sumber1 /> Biliar 15 bal kakara dipikawanoh Indonésia taun [[1960]]-an.<ref name=sumber1 /> Dina mangsa éta, biliar masih dicoo pikeun dipikaresep hungkul sarta can dijadikeun minangka olahraga.<ref name=sumber1 /> Kaulinanana ogé kawates dina golongan tengah sarta golongan luhur waé.<ref name=sumber1 /> Biliar anyar dipikaresep ku golongan réa dina taun [[1970]]-an. Kaulinan ieu dijadikeun minangka cabang olahraga sanggeus pembentukan [[Persatuan Olahraga Biliar Sakumna Indonésia]] (POBSI) dina [[9 Okrober]] [[1953]] di [[Jakarta]].<ref name=sumber1 /> ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} {{Pondok}} [[Kategori:Cabang olahraga]] t7sjl2mhd7j9fcfng93i64d1b38ar64 0 36785 730029 712304 2026-10-08T18:16:06Z ~2026-54003-90 37529 /* */ 730029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} {{Refimprove|date=Maret 2016}} [[Gambar:Noemi Musica e Tv 2.0 2025.png|thumb|250px|Noemi (2025)]] '''Veronica Scopelliti''' atawa leuwih dikenal ku sebutan '''Noemi''' ([[Roma]], 25/1/1982) ieu mangrupa penyanyi sarta nu nulis lagu ti [[Italia]]. == Diskografi == === Album === * [[2009]] - ''Sulla mia pelle'' * [[2010]] - ''Sulla mia pelle (Deluxe Edition)'' * [[2011]] - ''RossoNoemi'' === Extended Play (EP) === * [[2009]] - ''Noemi'' === Singel === [[Gambar:Noemimannoia.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Noemi jeung Fiorella Mannoia]] * [[2009]] - ''Briciole'' * [[2009]] - ''L'amore si odia'' (Noemi jeung Fiorella Mannoia) * [[2010]] - ''Per tutta la vita'' * [[2010]] - ''Vertigini'' * [[2011]] - ''Vuoto a perdere'' * [[2011]] - ''Odio tutti i cantanti'' * [[2011]] - ''Poi inventi il modo'' * [[2012]] - ''Sono solo parole'' == Tumbu kaluar == * [http://www.noemiofficial.it/ noemiofficial.it] * [http://www.arcadinoemi.it/ arcadinoemi.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724051735/http://www.arcadinoemi.it/ |date=2010-07-24 }} {{Commons|Noemi (singer)|Noemi}} [[Kategori:Panyanyi Italia]] [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1982]] ing9ac2d4vqsivovb7gnv5fpo2xs5fp 0 37308 730013 665617 2026-10-08T14:21:30Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|CIS}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Pasamakmuran Nagara-Nagara Merdika |native_name = Содружество Независимых Государств (СНГ) <br /> <small>''Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv (SNG)''</small> |common_name = Pasamakmuran Nagara-Nagara Merdika |image_flag = Flag of the CIS.svg | image_symbol = Emblem of CIS.svg |[[Lambang Pasamakmuran Nagara-Nagara Merdika]] |image_map = Commonwealth of Independent States.svg |map_caption = |national_anthem = [[Himne Pasamakmuran Nagara-Nagara Merdika]] |admin_center = [[Minsk]] |largest_city = Moskwa |languages_type = [[Basa gawé|Basa resmi]] |languages = [[Basa Rusia]] | government_type = [[Pasamakmuran]] | leader_title1 = [[Sékrétaris Éksekutif]] | leader_name1 = {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Sergei Lebedev]] | leader_title2 = [[Kaprésidénan]] | leader_name2 = {{RUS}} | membership = {{Collapsible list | title = 10 anggota |{{flag|Arménia}} |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |{{flag|Bélarus}}¹ |{{flag|Kazakhstan}} |{{flag|Kirgizstan}} |{{flag|Moldova}} |{{flag|Rusia}}¹ |{{Flag|Tajikistan}} |{{flag|Turkménistan}}^{2, 3} |{{flag|Uzbékistan}} }} {{Collapsible list | title = 1 partisipasi |{{flag|Ukraina}}^{1, 2} }} |established = 21 Désémber 1991 | established_event1 = [[Organisasi Traktat Kaamanan Koléktif|CST]] | established_date1 = 15 Méi 1992 | established_event2 = CISFTA ditandanganan | established_date2 = 1994<ref name=CISFTA>[http://www.unescap.org/tid/aptiad/viewagreement.aspx?id=CISFTA ''Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Agreement'' Pasatujuan Dagang Bébas Pasamakmuran Nagara-Nagara Merdika] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129061148/http://www.unescap.org/tid/aptiad/viewagreement.aspx?id=CISFTA |date=2013-11-29 }}</ref> | established_event3 = CISFTA ngadeg | established_date3 = Ahir 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/exsoviet/20100617/159463469.html |title=Russia expects CIS countries to create free trade zone by yearend &#124; Ex-Soviet States &#124; RIA Novosti |publisher=En.rian.ru |date=2010-06-17 |accessdate=2011-12-27}}</ref> | area = 22100843 | areami² = ? | population_estimate = 276.917.629 | population_density = 12,53 | population_densitymi² = ? | population_estimate_year = 2008 | GDP_PPP = $2.906,944 milyar | GDP_PPP_year = 2007 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $10.498 | GDP_nominal = $1.691,861 milyar | GDP_nominal_year = 2007 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $6.110 | currency = {{Collapsible list | title = [[Mata uang|10]] | [[Dram Arménia]] | [[Manat Azerbaijan]] | [[Rubel Bélarus]] | [[Tenge Kazakhstan]] | [[Som Kirgizstan]] | [[Leu Moldova]] | [[Rubel Rusia]] | [[Somoni Tajikistan]] | [[Manat Turkménistan]] | [[Som Uzbékistan]]}} {{Collapsible list | title = [[Mata uang|+1]] | [[Hryvnia Ukraina]] }} | utc_offset = [[UTC+2|+2]] nepi ka [[UTC+12|+12]] |official_website = http://www.cis.minsk.by/ |footnote1 = Nagara pawangun |footnote2 = Tacan ngasahkeun piagam |footnote3 = ''Associate member'' |footnote4 = [[Géorgia]] mangrupa anggota resmi ti 1994 nepi ka 2009 }} '''Pasamakmuran Nagara-Nagara Merdika''' ({{lang-rus|Содружество Независимых Государств, СНГ|r=Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv, SNG}}) nyaéta hiji [[organisasi régional]] nu eusina ngawengku nagara-nagara [[urut Républik Soviét]], nu diwangun nalika [[Pameupeusan Uni Soviét|peupeusna]] [[Uni Soviét]]. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{Commons category|Commonwealth of Independent States}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201219161227/http://www.cis.minsk.by/ Komite Éksekutif] * [http://www.therussiasite.org/legal/laws/CIScharter.html Piagam SNG] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20060720174729/http://www.therussiasite.org/legal/laws/CIScharter.html |date=2006-07-20 }} {{Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)}} {{Regional organizations}} {{CARO}} {{International power}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pasamakmuran Nagaranagara Merdika}} [[Kategori:Pasamakmuran Nagara-Nagara Merdika| ]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1991]] [[Kategori:Panénjo Majelis Umum Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] {{organisasi-stub}} shxs9yg1fb1iil5vm5gse8cbnd3krfa 0 43426 730012 708415 2026-10-08T12:48:18Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=April 2017}} '''Mubah''' ([[Basa Arab]]: ????, "Mubaah"; "Bisa") nyaéta hiji status [[Hukum]] kana hiji [[aktivitas]] di [[dunya]] [[Islam]].<ref>[[www.kafemuslimah.com|Kafe Muslimah]]</ref> Kagiatan nu jadi status [[hukum]] mubah bisa keur dipigawé, malah leuwih condong kana disarankeun ([[paréntah]]), tapi euweuh [[jangji]] dina bentuk [[Kertajati]] dina bentuk [[ganjaran]] ka dinya.{{fact}} Mubah bsa dihartikeun ogé hiji [[perkara]] nu lamun dipigawé ku [[jalma]] [[Muslim]] [[mukallaf]] moal matak meunang [[dosa]] jeung teu [[diganjar]].{{fact}} Conto: [[dahar]] jeung [[nginum]], [[balanja]], [[heureuy]], [[ngalamun]], jeung sajabana.<ref>[http://www.organisasi.org/1970/01/pengertian-hukum-islam-syara-wajib-sunnah-makruh-mubah-haram.html Pengertian Hukum Islam (Syara')] </ref> ==Ciri-ciri== Mubah bisa kanyahoan dina tilu cara:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ahmadzain.com/read/ilmu/70/mubah-dan-alafwu/ |title=Mubah dan Alwafu |accessdate=2015-05-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509195455/http://www.ahmadzain.com/read/ilmu/70/mubah-dan-alafwu |archivedate=2015-05-09}}</ref> 1. Aya nash tina [[Hukum Syara|syara]] 'nu nyebutkeun yén éta téh teu [[dosa]] lamun dipigawé. Saumpama dina [[Firman]] Allah:<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":0" /> وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُم بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاء أَوْ أَكْنَنتُمْ فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ nu hartina : Jeung euweuh dosa kanggo Anjeun pikeun Djafar awewe jeung satir atawa nyumputkeun (kahayang pikeun nikah maranéhna) dina hate anjeun (Surat al-Baqarah: 231).<ref name=":0" /> 2. Teu disebutkeun dina [[syara]] '.<ref name=":0" /> Hal ieu nuduhkeun yén hiji hal anu mubah, dalilna mangrupa kaédah «al baroah al ashliyah« (tina asalna sagala hal anu [[halal]], saperti [[hukum]] ngarekam [[tilawah]] Al-Qur'an jeung [[pangajian]] maké recorder, USB, atawa handycam, [[dakwah]] via [[Internét]] jeung sajabana.<ref name=":0" /> 3. Aya nash nu nyebutkeun yén éta téh mubah atawa [[halal]].<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":0" /> أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَآئِكُمْ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ "Diijinkeun ka anjeun dina peuting dina bulan puasa dicampurkeun jeung istri anjeun; . maranéhanana garments jeung anjeun nu hiji pésta maranéhna "(Surat Al-Baqarah: 187)<ref name=":0" /> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Hukum Islam]] r8k7cgtgikf8mfglei4kp6hd9m0f14l 828 44346 730040 729485 2026-10-09T10:33:40Z Rafka Aditia 29183 730040 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} -- key is beginning of arg name. value is table with namespace number and link -- alternatively, a function taking the namespace number and returning a validity -- can be used local namespaceCategories = { all = { function() return true end }, main = { 0, '[[WP:Rohang ngaran utama|utama]]' }, help = { 12, '[[WP:Rohang ngaran pitulung|pitulung]]' }, portal = { 100, '[[WP:Portal|portal]]' }, mos = { 126, '[[WP:Rohang ngaran MOS|MOS]]' }, talk = { function(n) return n > 0 and n%2 == 1 end, '[[Pitulung:Kaca obrolan|obrolan]]' }, template = { 10, '[[WP:Rohang ngaran citakan|citakan]]' }, wikipedia = { 4, '[[WP:Rohang ngaran proyék|proyék Wikipédia]]' }, category = { 14, '[[WP:Kategorisasi|kategori]]' }, user = { 2, '[[WP:Kaca pamaké|pamaké]]' }, draft = { 118, '[[WP:Naskah|naskah]]' }, } -- remove whitespaces from beginning and end of args local function valueFunc(key, val) if type(val) == 'string' then val = val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') if val == '' then return nil end end return val end local function getPrettyName(args) for k in pairs(namespaceCategories) do if args[k .. ' category'] then return string.format("'''[[:Kategori:%s|%s]]''': ", args[k .. ' category'], args.name) end end return string.format("'''%s''': ", args.name) end function p.main(frame) local args = require('Modul:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Citakan:Citakan alihan', valueFunc = valueFunc}) local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace --- XXX: this is a HORRIBLE HACK. kill it with fire as soon as https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14974 is fixed --- [[phab:T14974]] was previously known as [[bugzilla:12974]] https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12974 local beCompatibleWithBug14974 = args.info and (args.info:find('^[:;#*]', 1) == 1 or args.info:find('{|', 1, true) == 1) and '\n' or ' ' local content = string.format('\n<div class="rcat %s">\n*%sIeu téh alihan%s%s.%s%s\n</div>', args.id and ('rcat-' .. string.gsub(args.id, ' ', '_')) or '', args.name and getPrettyName(args) or '', args.from and (' ti ' .. args.from) or '', args.to and (' ka ' .. args.to) or '', args.info and beCompatibleWithBug14974 or '', args.info or '' ) for k,v in pairs(namespaceCategories) do if args[k .. ' category'] then if type(v[1]) == 'function' and v[1](namespace) or v[1] == namespace then if args.sortkey then content = content .. string.format('[[Kategori:%s|%s]]', args[k .. ' category'], args.sortkey) else content = content .. string.format('[[Kategori:%s]]', args[k .. ' category']) end elseif args['other category'] then if args.sortkey then content = content .. string.format('[[Kategori:%s|%s]]', args['other category'], args.sortkey) else content = content .. string.format('[[Kategori:%s]]', args['other category']) end else content = content .. frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Citakan alihan nu salah', args = {v[2]}} end end end if namespace == 0 then local yesno = require('Modul:Yesno') if yesno(args.printworthy) == true then return content .. '[[Kategori:Alihan nu meujeuhna dicitak]]' elseif yesno(args.printworthy) == false then return content .. '[[Kategori:Alihan nu teu meujeuhna dicitak]]' end end return content end return p gms1n415evtior8fq5itenpmvj4ed3j 4 45544 730039 712802 2026-10-09T09:29:07Z MediaWiki message delivery 11074 /* Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist */ bagean anyar 730039 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{Hider kaca sawala|Kawijakan|alpha=yes|start=100|Kaca salawa baagian '''kawijakan''' digunakeun pikeun nyawalakeun ajuan kawijakan jeung palanggeran ogé parobahan [[WP:Policies and guidelines|kawijakan jeung palanggeran]] anu aya.<br>Saupamana Anjeun hayang ngajukeun hiji hal anyar anu '''teu''' aya pakuat-pakaitna jeung kawijakan, mangka kudu ka bagian '''[[WP:SA|ajuan]]'''.<br> Mun Anjeun boga pitanyaeun ngeunaan kabahasaan siga palanggeran sarta éjahan basa Sunda anu merenah, mangka kudu ka bagian '''[[WP:SB|basa]]'''. <br>Ieu mah '''lain tempat ajang néangan bongbolongan''' anu sipatna téknis, éta mah kudu ka bagian '''[[WP:ST|téknis]]''' wé. Mangga ilikan '''[[Wikipedia:NLD|kaca NLD (nu loba ditanyakeun)]]''' pikeun caraman sarta hal-hal anu diheugbaékeun sarta. |WP:SK|WP:SWKJ}}__NEWSECTIONLINK__ __TOC__ <span id="below_toc"></span> [[Category:Sawala Wikipedia]] </noinclude> {{clear}} == Arsip == * [[/2015-2019]] == Wiki Loves Folklore == [[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|100px|right|frameless]] '''Hello Folks,''' Wiki Loves Love is back again in 2020 iteration as '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' from 1 February, 2020 - 29 February, 2020. Join us to celebrate the local cultural heritage of your region with the theme of folklore in the international photography contest at [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wllove Wikimedia Commons]. Images, videos and audios representing different forms of folk cultures and new forms of heritage that haven’t otherwise been documented so far are welcome submissions in Wiki Loves Folklore. Learn more about the contest at [[m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Meta-Wiki]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Commons]]. '''Kind regards,'''<br/> [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore/International Team|'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''']]<br/> <small>&mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small><br/> sent using [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Januari 2020 06.15 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wll&oldid=19716850 --> == Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project == Hello The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement. To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating! -- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 22 Januari 2020 19.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=19738989 --> == Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages == ''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment. We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 26 Pébruari 2020 14.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19845780 --> :Thank you for the info! [[Pamaké:Kumincir|nandar]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 27 Pébruari 2020 11.00 (UTC) == Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]] The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]]. The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]] The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now. This early version can sign and indent comments automatically. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].</strong> *On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias: [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]]. If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]]. *The team is planning some upcoming changes. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.</strong> The team will test features such as: **an easy way to mention another editor ("pinging"), **a rich-text visual editing option, and **other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors. To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|<strong>"Get involved"</strong>]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]]. – [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 8 April 2020 19.27 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=19967063 --> == Editing news 2020 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar. [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]] This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|<strong>Reply tool</strong>]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias). The Beta Feature is called "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}". The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon. The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing <code>@</code>. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now. Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|<strong>New requirements for user signatures</strong>]]: Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable. Most editors will not be affected. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|<strong>New discussion tool</strong>]]: The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|<strong>Research on the use of talk pages</strong>]]: The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles. We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. – [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 17 Juni 2020 20.33 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=20184653 --> == Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos == [[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]] This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 1 Juli 2020 08.24 (UTC) ''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community'' <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Romaine/MassMessage&oldid=20232618 --> == Feedback on movement names == {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented. Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki. Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 2 Juli 2020 19.42 (UTC) ''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].'' <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20238830 --> : Thank you for sending us this message. We will discuss this topic with the other administrators and Wikipedians. Hopefully we can participate on the survey. -- [[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|ilhamkang]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|sawala]]) 4 Juli 2020 00.28 (UTC) == Editing news 2020 #3 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="su" dir="ltr"> == Warta Editing 2020 #3 == <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=Béntang emas maké ribon paul, sarta téks 50j|Leuwih ti <strong>50 juta éditan</strong> geus dijieun maké éditor visual dina déstop.|400px]] Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors. Since then, editors have achieved many milestones: * More than <strong>50 million edits</strong> have been made using the visual editor on desktop. * More than <strong>2 million new articles</strong> have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019. * The visual editor is <strong>increasingly popular</strong>. The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction. * In 2019, <strong>35% of the edits by newcomers</strong> (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has <strong>increased every year</strong>. * Almost <strong>5 million edits on the mobile site</strong> have been made with the visual editor. Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018. * On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 <strong>first edit from outer space</strong>] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀 * Editors have made more than <strong>7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor</strong>, including starting <strong>600,000 new articles</strong> in it. The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode. You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]]. [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 9 Juli 2020 12.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=20232673 --> == Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new. This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 <ref>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]</ref> after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world. The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language. As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation <ref>[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]</ref>. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams. It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project. We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions. There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list <ref>[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]</ref>. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path. Yours, Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) <references/> </div> <small>Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 9 Juli 2020 20.10 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' </small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20265921 --> == Kode Etik Universal (''Universal Code of Conduct'') == ''Mohon maaf bila pesan ini tidak diterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia. Anda dapat menerjemahkannya ke dalam bahasa Sunda bila perlu.'' Meneruskan pesan dari tim [[:meta:Trust and Safety|Trust and Safety WMF]]: Dalam 19 tahun terakhir, para Wikimedian telah bahu-membahu membangun sumber daya pengetahuan bebas paling besar dalam sejarah umat manusia. Dalam waktu yang singkat, Wikimedia telah tumbuh dari sekelompok kecil penyunting menjadi sebuah masyarakat besar yang terdiri atas para editor, pengembang, mitra berafiliasi, pembaca, penyumbang, dan rekan kerja sama. Anda tentu menyadari bahwa untuk komunitas masih harus bekerja keras untuk bisa mewujudkan cita-cita Wikimedia, yang terejawantahkan pada pernyataan "bayangkan sebuah dunia di mana setiap orang dapat berbagi segala macam pengetahuan dengan bebas" (''imagine a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge''). Di sisi lain, komunitas Wikimedia masih belum memiliki panduan yang jelas dan mengikat untuk menciptakan sebuah lingkungan di mana pengetahuan bebas dapat dibagikan tanpa sebarang ketakutan. Untuk menciptakan hal itu, perlulah dijamin keamanan dan kenyamanan semua orang yang ingin berbagi pengetahuan secara bebas, sehingga dapat mendorong mereka untuk bergabung dan berkontribusi. Singkatnya, diperlukan sebuah panduan yang dapat membangun sebuah lingkungan yang inklusif, konstruktif, dan mendorong pembebasan pengetahuan. Selama ini, telah ada perbincangan atas perlunya sebuah peraturan perilaku global yang mengikat seluruh komunitas Wikimedia. Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia telah mengumumkan '''[[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/May 2020 - Board of Trustees on Healthy Community Culture, Inclusivity, and Safe Spaces|''Community Culture Statement'']]''' yang menjadi panduan untuk mencegah pelecehan dan menganjurkan inklusivitas di seluruh proyek Wikimedia. Sebagai pelaksanaan dari pernyataan tersebut, sebuah '''Kode Etik Universal''' (''Universal Code of Conduct'') akan diadakan sebagai standar minimum di seluruh proyek Wikimedia dan akan berlaku bagi para sukarelawan maupun staf Wikimedia di seluruh dunia. Kode Etik ini akan menjadi dasar pertimbangan dalam seluruh kegiatan di Wikimedia, baik itu pada tingkat proyek, kelompok, maupun perseorangan. Mari berpartipasi dalam perbincangan mengenai Kode Etik Universal ini: apa yang mesti diatur dan tidak perlu diatur, bagaimana cara peraturan ini berkembang dan diterapkan, dan apa untung-ruginya bagi komunitas Wikimedia. Komunitas Anda adalah bagian dari Wikimedia, dan suara Anda amat berharga. Anda dapat memulai dengan membaca rancangan [[:meta:Universal Code of Conduct|'''Kode Etik Universal''']] dan membincangkannya di [[:meta:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct|'''halaman diskusinya''']]. Agar lebih banyak anggota komunitas Wikimedia yang berpartisipasi, Anda dianjurkan untuk '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct&language=en&action=page&filter= menerjemahkan rancangan Kode Etik Universal ke dalam bahasa Anda]'''. Perlu dicatat bahwa jika halaman Kode Etik Universal tersebut belum diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Anda, usulan atau tanggapan dalam bahasa selain Inggris pada diskusi yang dimulai dengan bahasa Inggris akan tetap diterima. Salam, [[Pamaké:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|David Wadie Fisher-Freberg]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|sawala]]) 14 Juli 2020 18.38 (UTC) == Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. How does it work? Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link "Move file to Wikimedia Commons" on the local file page. Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: </div>[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 6 Agustus 2020 09.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=20343133 --> == Important: maintenance operation on September 1st == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="su" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Baca ieu surat dina séjén basa]] [[foundation:|Yayasan Wikimédia]] bakal nguji puseur data sekundér. Ieu pikeun mastikeun yén Wikipédia jeung wiki Wikimédia séjénna bisa angger onlén najan aya bencana. Pikeun mastikeun yén sakabéhna jalan, departemén Téknologi Wikimédia kudu migawé uji anu direncana. Ieu uji bakal némbongkeun bisa henteuna pindah ti hiji puseur data ka puseur data séjénna. Gawé kieu butuh loba tim pikeun nataharkeun uji sarta sayaga menerkeun lamun aya masalah anu teu dipiharep. Maranéhna bakal mindahkeun sakabéh patalimarga ka puseur data sekundér poé '''Salasa, 1 Séptémber 2020'''. Hanjakalna, kusabab ayana kawates di [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], sakabéh gawé ngédit kudu eureun nalika pindah. Ku kituna kami ménta hampura, jaga mah muga-muga bisa leuwih hadé. '''Anjeun bakal bisa maca, tapi teu bisa ngaropéa/ngédit, sakur wiki dina waktu éta.''' *Anjeun moal bisa ngédit nepi ka sajam dina poé Salasa, 1 Séptémber. Ujina bakal dimimitian dina [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, jeung di Selandia Anyar 02:00 NZST poé Rebo 2 Séptémber). *Lamun nyoba ngédit dina mangsa éta, anjeun bakal manggih iber éror. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' </div></div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 26 Agustus 2020 13.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20384955 --> == Invitation to participate in the conversation == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020. The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved? Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta. Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 10 Séptémber 2020 17.55 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Draft_review/Invitation_(long_version)/List&oldid=20440292 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Please-translate}} {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations. There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 29 Séptémber 2020 21.22 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_5&oldid=20492309 --> == Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 7 Oktober 2020 17.17 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Board&oldid=20519859 --> == Important: maintenance operation on October 27 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> -- <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 21 Oktober 2020 17.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20519839 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] </div> 5 Nopémber 2020 22.10 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20564572 --> == Survei Harapan Komunitas 2021 == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Survei Harapan Komunitas 2021]]''' telah dibuka! Survei ini adalah proses dimana komunitas akan memutuskan apa yang tim [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] harus kerjakan selama satu tahun kedepan. Kami mendorong semua orang untuk mengirimkan proposal hingga batas waktu berakhir pada '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', atau mengomentari proposal lain untuk membuatnya menjadi lebih baik. Komunitas akan memberikan suara pada proposal antara {{#time: j xg|2020-12-08| {{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} dan {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. Tim Community Tech berfokus pada perkakas-perkakas bagi penyunting Wikimedia berpengalaman. Anda dapat menulis proposal dalam bahasa apa pun, dan kami akan menerjemahkannya untuk Anda. Kami tak sabar ingin melihat proposal Anda! Terima kasih. [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 20 Nopémber 2020 05.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=20689321 --> == Global bot policy proposal: invitation to a Meta discussion == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:hello}}! I apologize for sending a message in English. {{int:please-translate}}. According to [[:m:Bot_policy/Implementation#Where_it_is_policy|the list]], your wiki project currently is opted in to the [[:m:Bot_policy#Global_bots|global bot policy]]. Under this policy, bots that fix double redirects or maintain interwiki links are allowed to operate under a global bot flag that is assigned directly by the stewards. As the Wikimedia projects developed, the need for the current global bot policy decreased, and in the past years, no bots were appointed via that policy. That is mainly given Wikidata were estabilished in 2013, and it is no longer necessary to have dozens of bots that maintain interwiki links. A [[:m:Requests for comment/Refine global bot policy|proposal]] was made at Meta-Wiki, which proposes that the stewards will be authorized to determine whether an uncontroversial task may be assigned a global bot flag. The stewards already assign permissions that are more impactful on many wikis, namely, [[:m:GS|global sysops]] and [[:m:GR|global renamers]], and I do not think that trust should be an issue. The stewards will assign the permission only to time-proven bots that are already approved at a number of projects, like [[:m:User:ListeriaBot|ListeriaBot]]. By this message, I would like to invite you to comment [[:m:Requests for comment/Refine global bot policy|in the global RFC]], to voice your opinion about this matter. Thank you for your time. Best regards,<br /> [[User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] ([[:m:User talk:Martin Urbanec|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 24 Nopémber 2020 11.49 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Martin Urbanec@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Martin_Urbanec/sand&oldid=20709229 --> == Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!'' As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article. Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki. This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond. Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015. If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks! [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 30 Nopémber 2020 14.39 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/wikis&oldid=20728482 --> == 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools! You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 7 Désémber 2020 10.55 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20734978 --> == Survei Harapan Komunitas 2021 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="id" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] '''Kami mengundang semua pengguna terdaftar untuk memberikan suara pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Survei Harapan Komunitas 2021]]. Anda dapat memberi suara mulai dari sekarang hingga {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|id}} dalam harapan berbeda sebanyak-banyaknya.''' Dalam survei ini, harapan untuk perkakas baru dan yang lebih baik untuk editor berpengalaman akan dikumpulkan. Setelah pemungutan suara berlangsung, kami akan melakukan yang terbaik untuk mengabulkan harapanmu. Kami akan memulai dengan harapan yang terpopuler. Kami, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], adalah salah satu tim dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. Kami membuat dan meningkatkan perkakas penyuntingan dan administrasi wiki. Apa yang kami kerjakan ditentukan berdasarkan hasil Survei Harapan Komunitas ini. Setahun sekali, Anda dapat mengirimkan sejumlah harapan. Setelah dua minggu berlangsung, Anda memilih salah satu harapan yang paling diminati. Selanjutnya, kami memilih harapan dari survei tersebut untuk dikerjakan. Beberapa harapan lain mungkin dikerjakan oleh pengembang sukarelawan atau tim lain. Kami menunggu suara Anda. Terima kasih! </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 11 Désémber 2020 14.57 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=20689321 --> == Undangan urun pikiran dalam konsultasi Kode Etik Universal == Salam, Anda diundang untuk ikut urun pikiran dan gagasan pada proses konsultasi tahap kedua '''[[meta:Universal Code of Conduct|Kode Etik Universal]]''' (UCoC). Konsultasi tahap kedua UCoC akan berfokus pada perumusan mekanisme penerapan dan penegakan yang efektif dan berlaku bagi seluruh proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Tahap kedua ini penting mengingat UCoC merupakan salah satu mandat utama dari proses [[meta:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Recommendations/Provide for Safety and Inclusion|Strategi Gerakan Wikimedia]] dan akan menjadi standar minimum bagi kebijakan tingkah laku di proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Komunitas bahasa Sunda, sebagai bagian dari komunitas Wikimedia di Indonesia, akan memainkan peran yang penting dalam penegakan UCoC berdasarkan nilai-nilai lokal, pengalaman terdahulu, ingatan institusional, dan kearifan budaya yang berlaku di sini. Kami menyediakan beberapa bahan bacaan yang dapat membantu Anda mengetahui dasar-dasar mengenai UCoC. Anda dapat membaca '''[[meta:Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/id|rancangan akhir UCoC]]''' yang disusun oleh komite staf dan sukarelawan Wikimedia; '''[[meta:Universal Code of Conduct/Initial 2020 Consultations/id|laporan akhir]]''' dari konsultasi tahap pertama mengenai perumusan UCoC; dan '''[[meta:Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ/id|pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang sering ditanyakan]]''' terkait UCoC (FAQ). Anda dapat berpartisipasi dengan berkomentar di '''[https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Permohonan_pendapat/Pelaksanaan_Kode_Etik_Universal halaman permohonan pendapat]''', yang akan dibuka sampai akhir bulan Februari 2021. Namun, bila Anda memiliki pertanyaan lain atau ingin menyampaikan respon yang dirasa lebih sesuai disampaikan pada ruang privat, silakan kirimkan surel atau tinggalkan pesan di halaman pembicaraan saya untuk mengatur cara komunikasi yang lebih sesuai dengan kondisi Anda. Kami memohon maaf karena keterbatasan sumber daya, diskusi hanya dapat diselenggarakan dalam bahasa Indonesia dan tidak dalam bahasa-bahasa daerah lain yang dipertuturkan di Indonesia. Namun, Anda amat dianjurkan untuk berkomentar dan menyampaikan pendapat sesuai dengan kondisi komunitas Sunda. Terima kasih atas perhatian dan partisipasi Anda. Kami menunggu sumbangan pemikiran dan pendapat yang baik, dalam rangka membuat gerakan Wikimedia sebuah tempat yang lebih nyaman bagi semua orang. Salam hangat, [[Pamaké:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:RamzyM (WMF)|sawala]]) 17 Januari 2021 23.32 (UTC) :Halo semua. Untuk mengetahui secara lebih spesifik lagi dari komunitas Wikimedia di Indonesia, kami mengundang Anda untuk mengisi survei tentang Kode Etik Universal di '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScTt6L1S4_7ENltfoVGuGdVqhy9wwcpqYL5kGBafEPt8bVJSw/viewform tautan ini]'''. Terima kasih! [[Pamaké:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:RamzyM (WMF)|sawala]]) 10 Pébruari 2021 07.42 (UTC) == Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]] ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' [[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. ''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 27 Januari 2021 15.16 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikimania21&oldid=21014617 --> == Project Grant Open Call == This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.<br> This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.<br> For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building. We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:<br> * Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal: * [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application<br> * General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants <br> * [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]<br> Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.<br> We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!<br> Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 28 Januari 2021 08.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RSharma (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20808431 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2021 is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2021|Wiki Loves Folklore 2021]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the 1st till the 28th of February. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2021 submitting] them in this commons contest. Please support us in translating the [[:c:Commons: Wiki Loves Folklore 2021|project page]] and a [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Translate?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-wikiloveslove2020&language=en&filter=%21translated&action=translate|one-line banner message] to help us spread the word in your native language. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 6 Pébruari 2021 13.25 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wll&oldid=21073884 --> == Feminism & Folklore 1 February - 31 March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. Feminism and Folklore team, [[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 16 Pébruari 2021 02.40 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=20421065 --> == Wikifunctions logo contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 2 Maret 2021 01.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21087740 --> == Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 === {{int:please-translate}} The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']]. ==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ==== The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment. To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]]. ==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ==== From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable. To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]]. -- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) 5 April 2021 22.09 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)/Without_Russian,_Polish_and_translated/6&oldid=21302337 --> == Global bot policy changes == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:hello}}! I apologize for sending a message in English. {{int:please-translate}}. According to [[:m:Bot_policy/Implementation#Where_it_is_policy|the list]], your wiki project is currently opted in to the [[:m:Bot_policy#Global_bots|global bot policy]]. As such, I want to let you know about some changes that were made after the [[:m:Requests for comment/Refine global bot policy|global RfC]] was closed. *Global bots are now subject to a 2 week discussion, and it'll be publicized via a MassMessage list, available at [[:m:Bot policy/New global bot discussion|Bot policy/New global bot discussion]] on Meta. Please subscribe yourself or your wiki if you are interested in new global bots proposals. *For a bot to be considered for approval, it must demonstrate it is welcomed in multiple projects, and a good way to do that is to have the bot flag on at least 5 wikis for a single task. *The bot operator should make sure to adhere to the wiki's preference as related to the use of the bot flag (i.e., if a wiki doesn't want a bot to use the flag as it edits, that should be followed). Thank you for your time. Best regards,<br /> —'''''<span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Tks4Fish|<span style="color:black">Thanks for the fish!</span>]] ^{[[User Talk:Tks4Fish|<span style="color:blue">talk</span>]]•[[Special:Contribs/Tks4Fish|contribs]]}</span>''''' 6 April 2021 18.48 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tks4Fish@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tks4Fish/temp&oldid=21306363 --> == Line numbering coming soon to all wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]] From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]]. </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12 April 2021 15.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21329014 --> == Suggested Values == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones. More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 22 April 2021 14.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21361904 --> == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 == <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 1, June 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]</span> ---- Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]]. You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]]) * '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]]) * '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]]) * '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]]) * '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])</div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 11 Juni 2021 23.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SOyeyele (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SOyeyele_(WMF)/Announcements/Other_languages&oldid=21578291 --> == Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions == [[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]] Dear all, Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021. '''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]]. Below are some links to guide you through; * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]] * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]] * [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]] Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. '''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. '''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have. Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]] Best regards, [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 16 Juni 2021 04.18 (UTC) On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bodhisattwa@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21597568 --> == Editing news 2021 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="su" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Baca dina séjén basa]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Pendaptaran pikeun ieu wartasurat multibasa]]</em> [[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias</span>|thumb|296x296px|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])</span>]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]]. The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki. The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The key results were:</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Newer editors who had automatic ("default on") access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful.</span> <strong><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Looking ahead</span></strong> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months. This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]]. After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can turn on "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now. After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].</span> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">talk</span>]]) </div> 24 Juni 2021 14.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21624491 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. <!-- They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --> Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of June 28. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 27 Juni 2021 01.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21463754 --> == Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="content"/>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Komite Perumus Fase 2]] meminta pendapat, pandangan, dan komentar mengenai '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|Rancangan Panduan Penegakan]]''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Kode Etik Universal]] (UCoC). Periode peninjauan ini akan berlangsung dari 17 Agustus hingga 17 Oktober 2021. Panduan penegakan ini masih bersifat rancangan. Anda dapat membantu menyempurnakannya dengan memberikan pandangan Anda. Komite Perumus akan menyempurnakan teks naskah panduan ini selaras dengan umpan balik yang didapat dari para anggota komunitas. Anda dapat berkomentar menggunakan bahasa apa pun pada [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|halaman pembicaraan]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|beberapa saluran diskusi]] lainnya. Anggota komunitas dianjurkan pula untuk mengorganisir diskusi dan percakapan mengenai hal ini pada komunitas mereka. Berikut beberapa diskusi yang akan dilangsungkan dan membahas mengenai Rancangan Panduan Penegakan UCoC: :[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Sesi Wikimania 2021]] - 16 Agustus @ 11:00 UTC - 11:45 UTC :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Jam kerja terbuka]] - 24 Agustus, 31 Agustus, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC & 14:00 UTC :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Forum diskusi virtual]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC & 15:00 UTC Ringkasan hasil diskusi akan dipublikasikan setiap dua minggu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|di sini]]. Harap beritahu saya jika Anda punya pertanyaan.<section end="content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17 Agustus 2021 23.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895766 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end == Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board. 6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]]. Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better. 2 Séptémber 2021 10.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895840 --> == The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello everyone, We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well. Summary: <div style="font-style:italic;"> We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]]. </div> === Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year === In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published. However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]]. We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist. === Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities === We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes. === A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet === We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe. We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon! === Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase === If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes! === Feedback === * What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages? * How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]] * What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022? * What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022? Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings. </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 7 Séptémber 2021 00.23 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/>Tim Strategi Gerakan mengundang Anda untuk [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|mendaftar menjadi anggota Komite Perumus Piagam Gerakan]]. Periode pendaftaran dimulai pada 2 Agustus 2021 dan berakhir pada 14 September 2021. Para anggota Komite diharapkan dapat mewakili [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|tingkat keberagaman]] dalam gerakan Wikimedia. Hal ini diukur melalui faktor gender, bahasa yang dipertuturkan, geografis, dan pengalaman berpartisipasi dalam proyek Wikimedia, organisasi mitra, dan Yayasan Wikimedia. Kefasihan berbahasa Inggris tidak diperlukan untuk menjadi anggota Komite. Jika diperlukan, jasa penerjemahan dan penafsiran akan disediakan. Anggota Komite akan mendapatkan tunjangan sebesar US$100 setiap dua bulan untuk membantu biaya keikutsertaan yang mungkin diperlukan. Kami mencari individu yang memiliki [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|kemampuan berikut ini]]: * Mampu menulis secara kolaboratif (pengalaman yang demonstratif adalah nilah tambah) * Bersedia untuk mencari jalan tengah. * Berfokus pada inklusi dan keberagaman. * Mengetahui seluk-beluk konsultasi komunitas. * Memiliki pengalaman komunikasi antarbudaya. * Memiliki pengalaman dalam tata kelola organisasi nirlaba atau komunitas. * Berpengalaman dalam bernegosisasi dengan pihak-pihak yang berbeda. Komite ini diperkirakan akan beranggotakan sekitar 15 orang. Jika ada 20 calon atau lebih, akan dilangsungkan proses pemilihan dan seleksi. Jika ada 19 calon atau kurang, proses seleksi akan berlangsung tanpa pemilihan. <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Mari sertai langkah maju gerakan Wikimedia! Calonkan diri Anda [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|pada halaman ini]]. Jika Anda punya pertanyaan lebih lanjut, silakan hubungi strategy2030{{at}}wikimedia.org. </div><section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 10 Séptémber 2021 17.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22002240 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 11 Séptémber 2021 00.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Talk to the Community Tech == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello! As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join''']. '''Agenda''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022 * Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes * Questions and answers '''Format''' The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English. We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting. '''Invitation link''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online] * Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390 * One tap mobile ** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York) ** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose) * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location] See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 11 Séptémber 2021 03.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter == Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Pamaké:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Dušan Kreheľ|sawala]]) 30 Séptémber 2021 01.56 (UTC) == Lenyepan kumaha carana Hibah Implementasi Strategi Gerakan bisa ngarojong rencana Strategi Gerakan anjeun == <section begin="announcement-content"/>Hibah Implementasi Strategi Gerakan ayeuna nyadiakeun leuwih ti $2,000 USD pikeun ngajalankeun rarancang Strategi Gerakan. Baca leuwih lengkep ngeunaan [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|hibah Implementasi Strategi Gerakan, pasaratan, jeung cara daptar]].<section end="annoumcent-content"/> [[Pamaké:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|sawala]]) 24 Oktober 2021 08.22 (UTC) == Nepangkeun anggota anyar Komite Perumus Piagam Gerakan == :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Prosés pamilihan Komite Perumus Piagam Gerakan geus réngsé. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|Hasil pamilihan geus diémbarkeun]]. Aya 1018 pamilon geus méré sora pikeun milih tujuh anggota komite: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|Prosés apiliat]] geus milih genep anggota: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''. * Yayasan Wikimédia geus [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|nunjuk]] dua anggota: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''. Komite sagancangna bakal ngayakeun sawala pikeun mitembeyan makarya. Komite bisa nunjuk nepi ka tilu aonggota lianna pikeun jadi cukang karageman jeung kasenjangan kaahlian. Lamun anjeun aya kereteg pikeun aub dina prosés panyusunan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Piagam Gerakan]], tuturkeun pamutahiranana [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|di Méta]] tur gabung ka [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf grup Telegram]. Panuhun ti tim Tata Keloka jeung Strategi Gerakan.--[[Pamaké:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:SOyeyele (WMF)|sawala]]) 1 Nopémber 2021 18.19 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 28th''' of February. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2022 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 9 Januari 2022 13.15 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22560402 --> == Survei Harapan Komunitas 2022 == [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|right|200px]] '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey {{{year|2022}}}|Survei Harapan Komunitas {{{year|2022}}}]]''' telah dibuka!''' Survei ini adalah proses dimana komunitas akan memutuskan apa yang tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech| Community Tech]] harus kerjakan selama satu tahun kedepan. Kami mendorong semua orang untuk mengirimkan proposal hingga batas waktu berakhir pada '''23 Januari''', atau mengomentari proposal lain untuk membuatnya menjadi lebih baik. Komunitas akan memberikan suara pada proposal antara 28 Januari dan 11 Februari. Tim Community Tech berfokus pada perkakas-perkakas bagi penyunting Wikimedia berpengalaman. Anda dapat menulis proposal dalam bahasa apa pun, dan kami akan menerjemahkannya untuk Anda. Kami tak sabar ingin melihat proposal Anda! Terima kasih. [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 10 Januari 2022 18.10 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=21253627 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]]. You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... Thank you. '''Feminism and Folklore Team''', [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] --11 Januari 2022 05.49 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22574381 --> == Berbicara dengan Community Tech == [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]] {{int:Hello}} Kami, tim yang mengerjakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Survei Harapan Komunitas]], mengundang Anda untuk mengikuti pertemuan daring bersama kami. Pertemuannya akan dilakukan pada [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220119T1800 '''{{#time:j xg|2022-01-19}} ({{#time:l|2022-01-19}}), {{#time:H:i e|18:00|id|1}}'''] di Zoom dan akan berlangsung selama satu jam. Sistem eksternal ini tidak mematuhi [[foundation:Privacy_policy|Kebijakan Privasi WMF]]. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 '''Tekan di sini untuk bergabung''']. '''Agenda''' * Berikan draf proposal Anda dan berbicara ke anggota Tim Community Tech tentang pertanyaan Anda mengenai cara memperbaiki proposal '''Format''' Pertemuan ini tidak akan direkam atau disiarkan. Catatan tanpa atribusi akan dibuat dan diterbitkan di Meta-Wiki. Presentasi (semua poin dalam agenda kecuali untuk pertanyaan dan jawaban) akan diberikan dalam bahasa Inggris. Kami bisa menjawab pertanyaan dalam bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Polandia, Spanyol, dan Jerman. Jika Anda ingin menanyakan pertanyaan lebih awal, tambahkan pertanyaannya [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|di halaman pembicaraan Survei Harapan Komunitas]] atau kirimkan ke sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (manajer [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]]) akan menjadi tuan rumah pertemuan ini. '''Tautan undangan''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 Bergabung secara daring] * ID Pertemuan: <span dir=ltr>85804347114</span> * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/keu6UeRT0T Panggil berdasarkan lokasi Anda] Kami berharap bisa bertemu Anda! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 18 Januari 2022 00.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=21253627 --> == Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Dear community members, Greetings from the EWOC Newsletter team and the education team at Wikimedia Foundation. We are very excited to share that we on tenth years of Education Newsletter ([[m:Education/News|This Month in Education]]) invite you to join us by [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|subscribing to the newsletter on your talk page]] or by [[m:Education/News/Newsroom|sharing your activities in the upcoming newsletters]]. The Wikimedia Education newsletter is a monthly newsletter that collects articles written by community members using Wikimedia projects in education around the world, and it is published by the EWOC Newsletter team in collaboration with the Education team. These stories can bring you new ideas to try, valuable insights about the success and challenges of our community members in running education programs in their context. If your affiliate/language project is developing its own education initiatives, please remember to take advantage of this newsletter to publish your stories with the wider movement that shares your passion for education. You can submit newsletter articles in your own language or submit bilingual articles for the education newsletter. For the month of January the deadline to submit articles is on the 20th January. We look forward to reading your stories. Older versions of this newsletter can be found in the [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|complete archive]]. More information about the newsletter can be found at [[m:Education/News/Publication Guidelines|Education/Newsletter/About]]. For more information, please contact spatnaik{{@}}wikimedia.org. ------ <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[User:ZI Jony|<span style="color:#8B0000">'''ZI Jony'''</span>]] [[User talk:ZI Jony|^{<span style="color:Green"><i>(Talk)</i></span>}]], {{<includeonly>subst:</includeonly>#time:l G:i, d F Y|}} (UTC)</div></div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/Awareness_of_Education_Newsletter/List_of_Village_Pumps&oldid=21244129 --> == Kabar terkini Pembaruan Desktop dan undangan ''Office Hours'' == {{int:Hello}}. Saya ingin memberi kabar mengenai proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|Pembaruan Desktop]] yang sedang dikerjakan oleh tim Web Wikimedia Foundation dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Tujuan proyek ini adalah untuk membuat antarmuka lebih ramah dan nyaman untuk para pembaca dan berguna untuk pengguna tingkat lanjut. Proyek ini terdiri dari serangkaian pembaruan fitur yang diharapkan dapat membantu dalam membaca dan mempelajari konten, berpindah dari satu situs ke situs lainnya, mencari konten, mengubah bahasa, membuka tab-tab dalam artikel, menggunakan menu pengguna, dan lain-lain. Pembaruan ini sudah dapat dilihat secara langsung oleh pembaca dan penyunting di 24 situs wiki berbeda, termasuk situs Wikipedia dalam bahasa [[:fr:|Prancis]], [[:pt:|Portugis]], dan [[:fa:|Persia]]. Pembaruan tersebut hanya mempengaruhi pengguna atau pembaca yang menggunakan kulit [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=vector}} ''Vector'']. Pengguna yang menggunakan kulit [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=monobook}} ''Monobook''] atau [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=timeless}} ''Timeless''] tidak akan melihat pembaruan-pembaruan ini. === Fitur yang dirilis sejak pembaruan terakhir === * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/User_menu|Menu pengguna]] - berfokus untuk membuat penjelajahan lebih intuitif dengan menyorot visual struktur pranala pengguna dan tujuan-tujuan itu. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|Bagian kepala menempel]] - berfokus untuk memberi akses terhadap fungsi-fungsi penting (masuk/keluar log, riwayat, halaman pembicaraan, dll.) tanpa menyuruh pengguna untuk menggulung ke bagian atas halaman. Senarai fitur yang dikerjakan dalam proyek ini dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|halaman ini]]. Kami mengundang Anda untuk melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates|halaman kabar terkini]]. [[File:Table_of_contents_shown_on_English_Wikipedia_02.webm|thumb|600px|center]] <br clear=all> === Cara mengaktifkan pembaruan ini === [[File:Desktop Improvements - how to enable globally.png|thumb|[[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|{{int:globalpreferences}}]]]] * Pengguna dapat mengaktifkan pembaruan ini untuk diri sendiri [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|di tab Tampilan di dalam preferensi]] dengan menghapus centang di kotak "{{int:prefs-vector-enable-vector-1-label}}". (Harus dikosongkan.) Pengguna juga dapat mengaktifkannya untuk semua wiki dengan menggunakan [[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferensi global]]. * Di wiki tempat perubahannya terlihat secara baku bagi semua orang, pengguna yang masuk log dapat mematikan perubahan ini dan menggunakan Legacy Vector. Terdapat pranala yang mudah diakses di bilah sisi Vector yang baru. === Pelajari lebih lanjut dan ikuti acara-acara kami === Jika Anda ingin mengetahui perkembangan terbaru mengenai proyek ini, Anda dapat [[mw:Special:Newsletter/28/subscribe|berlangganan nawala kami]]. Silakan membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|halaman proyek ini]], lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions|pertanyaan umum]], beri saran di [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|halaman pembicaraannya]], dan ikuti pertemuan daring dengan kami ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220127T1500 '''{{#time:j xg|2022-01-27}} ({{#time:l|2022-01-27}}), {{#time:H:i e|15:00|id|1}}''']). Cara bergabung dalam pertemuan daring * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89205402895 Gabung secara daring] * ID Pertemuan: <span dir=ltr>89205402895</span> * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kdPQ6k2Bcm Panggil berdasarkan lokasi Anda] {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} Atas nama tim Web Wikimedia Foundation, [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|bicara]]) 25 Januari 2022 06.32 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=21253627 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team, We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc. We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language. Best wishes, '''International Team'''<br /> '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 22 Pébruari 2022 04.50 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Rockpeterson@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Coming soon == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> === Several improvements around templates === Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki: * Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]), * Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]), * and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right). All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. </div> - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 28 Pébruari 2022 12.38 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=22907463 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. ([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram]) The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]] A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]]. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 14 Maret 2022 14.40 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Rockpeterson@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 26 Maret 2022 14.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Rockpeterson@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == Mari berdiskusi bersama kami perihal Peningkatan Desktop == [[File:New table of contents shown on English wikipedia.png|thumb]] Halo! Apakah Anda menyadari bahwa beberapa wiki memiliki tampilan yang berbeda? Ingin tahu bagaimana tahapan selanjutnya? Mungkin Anda memiliki pertanyaan atau ide untuk menjadikannya lebih baik? Mari berdiskusi bersama dengan kami, tim yang mengerjakan proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|Peningkatan Desktop]], melalui pertemuan secara daring (''online'')! Pertemuan ini akan berlangsung pada tanggal '''29 April 2022 pukul [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220429T1300 13:00 UTC] dan [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220429T1800 18:00 UTC]''' melalui aplikasi Zoom. '''[https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88045453898 Klik di sini untuk bergabung]'''. Meeting ID: 88045453898 [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kcOMICmyyA Panggil berdasarkan lokasi Anda]. '''Agenda''' * Menyampaikan informasi terkini perihal perkembangan proyek * Tanya jawab dan diskusi '''Format''' Pertemuan ini tidak akan direkam atau disiarkan. Namun, catatan dari pertemuan ini akan disimpan dalam [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G4tfss-JBVxyZMxGlOj5MCBhOO-0sLekquFoa2XiQb8/edit# berkas Google Documents] agar bisa diakses kapan saja. Manajer Produk kami yakni [[mw:User:OVasileva_(WMF)|Olga Vasileva]] akan membawakan pertemuan ini. Presentasi akan dibawakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Terlepas dari presentasi yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris, Anda dapat mengajukan pertanyaan dalam bahasa Indonesia, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, dan Polandia. Apabila Anda ingin mengajukan pertanyaan sebelum sesi pertemuan berlangsung, silakan kirimkan pertanyaan Anda melalui [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|halaman pembicaraan]] atau melalui surel ke sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. Pada pertemuan ini, aturan mengenai [[foundation:Friendly_space_policy|kebijakan ruang ramah]] dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Code_of_Conduct|kode etik]] mutlak berlaku. Sementara itu, Zoom tidak termasuk dalam [[foundation:Privacy_policy|kebijakan privasi WMF]]. Kami harapkan kedatangan Anda! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|bicara]]) 27 April 2022 14.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=21253627 --> == Coming soon: Improvements for templates == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!--T:11--> [[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]] Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon: The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]] In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]] Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages! </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 29 April 2022 11.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=23222263 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita penyuntingan 2022 #1</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Baca nawala ini dalam bahasa lain]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Daftar langganan nawala multibahasa ini]]</i> [[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|Penyunting baru lebih mampu menyunting dengan alat baru ini.]] Alat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|Topik baru]] membantu penyunting membuat ==Bagian== baru di halaman pembicaraan. Penyunting baru lebih mampu menyunting dengan alat baru ini. Anda bisa [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|membaca laporannya]]. Tidak lama lagi, tim Editing akan menawarkan alat ini kepada semua penyunting di 20 Wikipedia yang ikut serta dalam uji cobanya. Anda bisa mematikan alat tersebut di [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].<section end="message"/> </div> [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 2 Méi 2022 18.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=22019984 --> == Enabling Section Translation: a new mobile translation experience == {{int:Hello}} Sundanese Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your native language, {{Int:Please-translate}}. The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] is pleased to let you know that we will like to enable the [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section translation]] tool in Sundanese Wikipedia. For this, our team will love you to read about the tool and test it so you can: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Give us your feedback <nowiki>*</nowiki> Ask us questions <nowiki>*</nowiki> Tell us how to improve it. Below is background information about Section translation, why we have chosen your community, and how to test it. '''Background information''' [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has been a successful tool for editors to create content in their language. More than one million articles have been created across all languages since the tool was released in 2015. The Wikimedia Foundation Language team has improved the translation experience further with the Section Translation. The WMF Language team enabled the early version of the tool in February 2021 in Bengali Wikipedia. Through their feedback, the tool was improved and ready for your community to test and help us with feedback to make it better. [https://design.wikimedia.org/strategy/section-translation.html Section Translation] extends the capabilities of Content Translation to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device. Sundanese Wikipedia seems an ideal candidate to enjoy this new tool since data shows significant mobile editing activity. We plan to enable the tool on Sundanese Wikipedia in the coming weeks if there are no objections from your community. After it is enabled, we’ll monitor the content created with the tool and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to raise any concerns or questions you may already have in any of the following formats: <nowiki>*</nowiki> As a reply to this message <nowiki>*</nowiki> On [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]]. '''Try the tool''' Before the enablement, you can try the current implementation of the tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation our testing instance]. Once it is enabled on your Wikipedia, you’ll have access to [[:ts:Special:ContentTranslation|https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation]] with your mobile device. You can select an article to translate, and machine translation will be provided as a starting point for editors to improve. '''Provide feedback''' Please provide feedback about Section translation in any of the formats you are most comfortable with. We want to hear about your impressions on: <nowiki>*</nowiki> The tool <nowiki>*</nowiki> What you think about our plans to enable it <nowiki>*</nowiki> Your ideas for improving the tool. Thanks, and we look forward to your feedback and questions. [[Pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2022 01.57 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team '''PS''': Sending your feedback or questions in English is particularly appreciated. But, you can still send them in the language of your choice. ===Section Translation tool enabled in Sundanese Wikipedia=== Hello Friends! The Language team is pleased to let you know that the [https://su.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=su&sx=true#/ now enabled in Sundanese Wikipedia]. It means you can translate real content one section at a time using your mobile devices with ease. Now you can also start translating an article on your mobile device right when you notice it is missing in Sundanese. From a Wikipedia article in any language, switch languages and search for Sunda. If the article does not exist, an option to translate it will appear, as shown in the image below. [[File:Sx-language-selector-invite-th.png|thumb|center|Image of the entry point]] Content created with the tool will be marked [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husus:Catatan?type=&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=sectiontranslation&wpfilters%5B%5D=newusers with the “sectiontranslation” tag] for the community to review. We’ll monitor the content created, but we are very interested in hearing about your experience using the tool and reviewing the content created with it. So, [https://su.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation enjoy the tool] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation provide feedback] on improving it. Thank you! [[Pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|sawala]]) 10 Agustus 2022 17.47 (UTC) == The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]] Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.''' We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022. It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Top of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="A section of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === About the skin === '''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.] '''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs. '''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin. * The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%. * The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages. * The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on. * The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities. '''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins. === How can editors change and customize this skin? === It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. === Our plan === '''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Request for more time to discuss the change</span>]]</div> If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 22 Séptémber 2022 04.15 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23838600 --> == Update on Vector 2022 == [[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]]. We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one. We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 19 Oktober 2022 23.24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23955535 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually. We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas! The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows: * Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023 * Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023 * Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023 * Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023 If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023! </div> {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]</bdi> 13 Désémber 2022 12.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:STei_(WMF)/CWS_2023_List&oldid=24226232 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 24 Désémber 2022 10.24 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Baca nawala ini dalam bahasa lain]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Daftar langganan nawala multibahasa ini]]</i> Nawala kali ini memuat dua berita utama mengenai pekerjaan tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]]: # Tim Editing akan merampungkan penambahan fitur-fitur baru dalam proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|halaman pembicaraan]] dan meluncurkannya. # Kini, mereka memulai proyek baru, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Periksa perubahan]]. <strong>Proyek halaman pembicaraan</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Tangkapan layar yang memperlihatkan perubahan desain halaman pembicaraan yang saat ini tersedia sebagai fitur beta dalam semua wiki Wikimedia. Fitur-fitur ini berisi informasi mengenai jumlah pengguna dan tanggapan di dalam setiap diskusi.|thumb|300px|Perubahan-perubahan yang akan datang]] Tim Editing hampir menyelesaikan tahap pertama dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|halaman pembicaraan]] ini. Hampir semua [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|fitur baru]] sudah tersedia dalam [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Fitur Beta {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. Hal ini akan menampilkan informasi tentang seberapa aktif sebuah diskusi, termasuk tanggal komentar terbaru. Tombol "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" yang baru akan segera hadir. Anda dapat menonaktifkannya di [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Mohon [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|beri tahu pendapat Anda]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Tingkat penyelesaian suntingan harian berdasarkan kelompok uji: DiscussionTools (kelompok uji coba) dan paparan MobileFrontend (kelompok kontrol)]] Uji A/B untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} di situs seluler]] telah selesai. Para editor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|merasa lebih puas dengan {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. Tim Editing mengaktifkan fitur-fitur ini bagi semua penyunting di situs seluler. <strong>Proyek Baru: Periksa Perubahan</strong> Tim Editing sedang memulai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|sebuah proyek untuk membantu para penyunting baru di Wikipedia]]. Proyek ini akan membantu para pengguna dalam mengenali beberapa masalah sebelum mereka mengeklik "{{int:publishchanges}}". Perkakas pertama akan mendorong pengguna untuk menambahkan referensi ketika mereka menambahkan materi baru. Silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|pantau]] halaman tersebut untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut. Anda dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|bergabung dalam sebuah pertemuan virtual pada tanggal 3 Maret 2023]] untuk belajar lebih lanjut.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 22 Pébruari 2023 23.24 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=24611966 --> == Your wiki will be in read only soon == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Baca ieu surat dina séjén basa]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Yayasan Wikimédia]] nguji saklar antara puseur data primér jeung sekundér. Ieu pikeun mastikeun yén Wikipédia jeung wiki Wikimédia séjénna bisa angger onlén najan aya bencana. Pikeun mastikeun yén sakabéhna jalan, departemén Téknologi Wikimédia kudu migawé uji anu direncana. Ieu uji bakal némbongkeun bisa henteuna pindah ti hiji puseur data ka puseur data séjénna. Gawé kieu butuh loba tim pikeun nataharkeun uji sarta sayaga menerkeun lamun aya masalah anu teu dipiharep. Sakabéh patalimarga bakal hurung '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|su}}'''. Uji cobana bakal dimimitian dina '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''. Hanjakalna, kusabab kawates di [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWikina]], sakabéh gawé ngédit kudu eureun nalika pindah. Ku kituna kami ménta hampura, jaga mah muga-muga bisa leuwih hadé. '''Anjeun bakal bisa maca, tapi teu bisa ngaropéa/ngédit, sakur wiki dina waktu éta.''' *Anjeun moal bisa ngédit nepi ka sajam dina poé {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|su}}. *Lamun nyoba ngédit dina mangsa éta, anjeun bakal manggih iber éror. Muga-muga moal aya éditan nu leungit dina menit-menit ieu, tapi taya jaminan. Lamun anjeun manggihan iber éror, tungguan nepi ka normal deui. Salajengna, anjeun bisa nyimpen éditan anjeun. Ngan, anjeun leuwih hadé nyimpen tironanana, pikeun jaga-jaga. ''Pangaruh lianna'': *Hanca di pipir bakal rada kapendet. Tutumbu beureum bisa teu kaanyarkeun sakumaha biasa. Lamun anjeun nyieun artikel anu geus numbu, tutumbuna bakal angger beureum leuwih lila ti biasana. Sababaraha skrip anu ngayayay bakal dieureunan. * Rencanana pamedalan kode bakal lumangsung sakumaha minggu lianna. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.</span> Ieu proyék bisa ditunda lamun perlu. Anjeun bisa [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|maca jadwalna di wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Sagala parobahan bakal diwawarkeun dina jadwal. Bakal aya iber lianna ngeunaan ieu. Bakal aya spanduk midang di sakabéh wiki 30 menit méméh mitembeyan oprasi. '''Mangga salabarkeun ieu iber ka komunitas anjeun.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 27 Pébruari 2023 21.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimania 2023 Membuka Pendaftaran Program</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimedia_Singapore_Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Apakah Anda ingin menyelenggarakan sesi tatap muka atau maya di Wikimania 2023? Misalnya lokakarya praktis, diskusi yang meriah, pertunjukan seru, poster menarik, atau perbincangan ringan yang berkesan? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Pendaftaran dibuka hingga 28 Maret''']]. Acara ini akan memiliki beberapa blok khusus untuk sesi hibrida sehingga pengajuan program daring dan rekaman konten juga diterima. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan, silakan hadir dalam perbincangan pada tanggal 12 atau 19 Maret, atau hubungi kami melalui alamat surel wikimania@wikimedia.org atau di Telegram. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di halaman wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 26 April 2023 19.00 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == Global ban proposal for Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. If this is not the proper place to post, please move it somewhere more appropriate. {{int:Please-translate}} There is an on-going discussion about a proposal that Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY be globally banned from editing all Wikimedia projects. You are invited to participate at [[:m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark|Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark]] on Meta-Wiki. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:Unite together|U.T.]] ([[User talk:Unite together|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 4 Méi 2023 12.36 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:1234qwer1234qwer4@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Requests_for_comment/Global_ban_for_Piermark/Invitations/AN2&oldid=24980083 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 27 Méi 2023 04.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == Pangumuman anggota kiwari == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|Aranjeun tiasa mendakeun terjemahan ieu ka mokaha basa]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Sampurasun Wilujeung bungah, dina ieu email, urang sarerea bungah ngumumkeun [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|anggota Panitia Pamilihan anyar sareng panaséhat]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Panitia Pamilihan]] ngarancang jeung ngalaksanakeun prosés pikeun milih pangawas Organisasi Komunitas jeung Mitra salaku bagian ti Badan Pengawasan Yayasan Wikimedia. Sanggeus ngaliwatan prosés nominasi kabuka, calon calon diwawancara ku Dewan. Opat calon diondang pikeun ngagabung jadi anggota Panitia Seleksi. Opat calon séjén diondang pikeun gabung salaku panaséhat. Hatur nuhun ka anggota komunitas anu nyalonkeun diri. Sarerea siap neruskeun pidamelan sareng Panitia Pemilihan. Ngawakilkeun Déwan Pembina Yayasan Wikimedia,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 28 Juni 2023 18.00 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == MinT Machine Translation added to your Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) system for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation Content Translation] in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT MinT machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content and Section Translation tool. The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_machine_translation neural machine translation] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200], [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT], [https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/indic-trans2 IndicTrans2] and [https://github.com/Softcatala/nmt-models Softcatalà]. This MT is set as optional in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting "Start with empty paragraph" from the "Initial Translation" dropdown menu. Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT machine translation and the models on [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content%20translation/Machine%20Translation/MinT this page]. Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to: *use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service *[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation provide feedback] about its quality, and '''if you prefer the MinT machine translation as default in your Wikipedia'''. We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content Translation tool. Thank you! </div> [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|obrolan]]) 4 Juli 2023 22.02 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team. <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_MinT_announcement_list_2&oldid=25258883 --> == Deploying the Phonos in-line audio player to your Wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies if this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. This wiki will soon be able to use the [[mw:Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player]] implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. This is part of fulfilling a wishlist proposal of providing [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Multimedia_and_Commons/Audio_links_that_play_on_click|audio links that play on click]]. With the inline audio player, you can add text-to-speech audio snippets to wiki pages by simply using a tag: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="audio file" label="Listen"/> </syntaxhighlight> The above tag will show the text next to a speaker icon, and clicking on it will play the audio instantly without taking you to another page. A common example where you can use this feature is in adding pronunciation to words as illustrated on the [[wiktionary:en:English#Pronunciation|English Wiktionary]] below. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{audio|en|En-uk-English.oga|Audio (UK)}} </syntaxhighlight> Could become: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="En-uk-English.oga" label="Audio (UK)"/> </syntaxhighlight> The inline audio player will be available in your wiki in 2 weeks time; in the meantime, we would like you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos|read about the features]] and give us feedback or ask questions about it in this [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:Phonos|talk page]]. Thank you!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], on behalf of the Foundation's Language team</bdi> </div> 27 Juli 2023 02.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_announcement_list_(In-line_audio_player)&oldid=25350821 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 28 Agustus 2023 15.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">== Pembukaan perekrutan anggota Komite Afiliasi, Komisi Ombuds, dan Komite Peninjauan Kasus ==</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''Anda dapat menemukan pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Halo semua! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Komite Afiliasi]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Komisi Ombuds]] (OC), dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Komite Peninjauan Kasus]] (CRC) sedang mencari anggota baru. Komite-komite sukarelawan ini bertugas untuk memberikan dukungan struktural dan pengawasan yang penting bagi komunitas dan gerakan Wikimedia. Anda diundang untuk mencalonkan diri atau mencalonkan orang lain yang menurut Anda akan dapat berkontribusi pada kelompok-kelompok ini untuk mendaftar. Ada lebih banyak informasi tentang peran kelompok, keterampilan yang dibutuhkan, dan kesempatan untuk mendaftar pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''halaman Meta-wiki''']]. Atas nama tim ''Committee Support'',<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 9 Oktober 2023 16.41 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == Ulasan jeung kamandang ngeunaan pakét aturan pamilihan Déwan Pangawas Yayasan Wikimédia 2024 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| Anjeun bisa maca tarjamah ieu béwara dina basa lianna di Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Haturan ka sadayana, Mangga ngulas jeung mairan dina pakét aturan pamilihan Déwan Pangawas Yayasan Wikimédia ti ayeuna nepi ka 29 Oktober 2023. Pakét aturan pamilihan nuturkeun pérsi saméméhna dina Panitia Pamilihan sarta bakal dipaké dina pamilihan Déwan Pangawas 2024. Kamandang anjeun dipikabutuh sangkan prosés pamilihan Déwan lungsur-langsar. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|Leuwih lengkepna dina kaca Meta-wiki]]. Tabé, Katie Chan <br> Pupuhu Panitia Pamilihan<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> 17 Oktober 2023 01.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 15 Nopémber 2023 13.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 13 Désémber 2023 12.31 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite2&oldid=26055343 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Januari 2024 07.26 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Januari 2024 07.26 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Pemungutan Suara untuk Piagam Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|Anda bisa membaca pengumuman berikut dalam bahasa lain di situs Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Saya ingin memberitahukan kepada Anda bahwa tahap pemungutan suara untuk Piagam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) telah resmi dibuka. Semua anggota komunitas bisa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|memberikan suara dan mengirimkan komentar tentang piagam ini melalui SecurePoll]] dari sekarang hingga tanggal '''2 Februari 2024'''. Bagi Anda yang pernah mengikuti proses pemungutan suara selama proses pengembangan [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Pedoman Penegakan UCoC]] akan menemukan kemiripan proses pemungutan untuk kali ini. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Versi terkini Piagam U4C]] dan juga terjemahannya sudah tersedia di halaman Meta-Wiki Baca informasi tentang piagam, pilih, dan bagikan pengumuman ini ke kawan-kawan komunitas Anda. Saya ingin menginformasikan bahwa Panitia Persiapan U4C juga mengharapkan keikutsertaan Anda. Atas nama tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 19 Januari 2024 18.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hari terakhir untuk memberikan suara pada Piagam Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|Anda bisa membaca pengumuman berikut dalam bahasa lain di situs Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Saya ingin mengingatkan kepada Anda bahwa tahap pemungutan suara untuk Piagam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) akan segera ditutup pada '''2 Februari 2024'''. Semua anggota komunitas dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|memberikan suara dan mengirimkan komentar tentang piagam ini melalui SecurePoll]]. Bagi Anda yang pernah mengikuti proses pemungutan suara selama proses pengembangan [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Pedoman Penegakan UCoC]] akan menemukan kemiripan proses pemungutan untuk kali ini. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Versi terkini Piagam U4C]] dan juga terjemahannya sudah tersedia di halaman Meta-Wiki Baca informasi tentang piagam, pilih, dan bagikan pengumuman ini ke kawan-kawan komunitas Anda. Saya ingin menginformasikan bahwa Panitia Persiapan U4C juga mengharapkan keikutsertaan Anda. Atas nama tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 31 Januari 2024 17.00 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hasil pemungutan suara ratifikasi Piagam Komite Pengarah UCoC</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|Anda dapat menemukan pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semuanya, Terima kasih atas atensi Anda terhadap perkembangan proses Kode Etik Universal. Bersama pesan ini, saya mengabarkan hasil [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|pemungutan suara ratifikasi]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]]. 1746 kontributor memberikan suara mereka pada pemungutan suara kali ini; 1249 orang mendukung pemberlakuan Piagam sementara 420 menolak. Pada proses ratifikasi ini, para pemilih dapat memberikan komentar mereka tentang isi Piagam. Laporan statistik pemungutan suara dan ringkasan komentar dari seluruh pemilih akan diterbitkan di Meta dalam beberapa pekan ke depan. Anda dapat mendengar lebih lanjut mengenai langkah selanjutnya dalam proses ini segera. Atas nama tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 12 Pébruari 2024 18.24 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Laporan pengesahan Piagam U4C dan Pembukaan Pendaftaran Calon U4C kini tersedia</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| Anda dapat menemukan pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Saya menulis pesan ini kepada Anda hari ini dengan dua informasi penting. Pertama, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] kini telah tersedia. Kedua, pendaftaran calon U4C telah dibuka hingga tanggal 1 April 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) merupakan sebuah komunitas global yang berdedikasi untuk memastikan penerapan UCoC yang adil dan konsisten. Para anggota komunitas diundang untuk mengajukan lamarannya untuk menjadi bagian dari U4C. Untuk informasi lengkap dan tanggung jawab dari U4C, silakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Berdasarkan piagam, terdapat 16 kursi untuk posisi U4C yang terdiri atas: delapan kursi dari komunitas umum dan delapan kursi dari komunitas berbasis wilayah untuk memastikan bahwa U4C mewakili keberagaman gerakan. Baca lebih lanjut dan kirimkan lamaran Anda di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Kode Etik Universal/Komite Pengarah/Pemilihan/2024|Meta-wiki]]. Atas nama tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 5 Maret 2024 16.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2024</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| Anda bisa membaca terjemahan pesan ini ke bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Halo semua, Tahun ini, periode 4 (empat) tahun jabatan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia untuk kursi perwakilan Komunitas dan Mitra Lokal akan berakhir. [1] Dewan Pengawas mengundang seluruh anggota Gerakan untuk ikut serta dalam proses pemilihan tahun ini serta memberikan suaranya supaya jabatan yang kosong bisa terisi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Komite Pemilihan]] akan mengawasi proses pemilihan dengan dukungan dari staf Yayasan Wikimedia. [2] Komite Tata Kelola Dewan telah membuat Kelompok Kerja Pemilihan Dewan Pengawas yang terdiri atas anggota-anggota Dewan Pengawas yang tidak bisa mencalonkan diri pada proses pemilihan Dewan Pengawas yang dipilih oleh komunitas dan mitra lokal tahun 2024. Kelompok kerja tersebut terdiri dari Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, dan Shani Evenstein Sigalov. [3] Mereka bertugas untuk mengawasi proses pemilihan 2024 serta memberikan informasi kepada Dewan Pengawas. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang peran Komite Pemilihan, Dewan Pengawas, dan staf, silakan kunjungi pranala pada catatan kaki di bawah ini. [4] Berikut merupakan garis waktu proses pemilihan yang direncanakan: * Mei 2024: Undangan pencalonan dan pengajuan pertanyaan * Juni 2024: Mitra lokal memberikan suara untuk memilih 12 calon teratas Dewan Pengawas (proses pengerucutan calon tidak akan dilakukan jika hanya ada 15 calon atau kurang) [5] * Juni--Agustus 2024: Kampanye * Akhir Agustus/awal September 2024: tahap pemungutan suara komunitas selama dua minggu * Oktober--November 2024: Pemeriksaan latar belakang dari calon terpilih * Rapat Dewan Pengawas pada bulan Desember 2024: anggota Dewan Pengawas baru ditetapkan Silakan pelajari proses pemilihan 2024 lebih mendalam, termasuk rincian lini masa, proses pencalonan, peraturan kampanye, dan syarat kelayakan pemilih pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|halaman Meta-Wiki]] dan rencanakan keikutsertaan Anda. '''Sukarelawan Pemilihan''' Cara lain untuk terlibat dalam proses pemilihan 2024 yaitu dengan menjadi Sukarelawan Pemilihan. Sukarelawan Pemilihan akan menjembatani komunikasi antara Komite Pemilihan dan komunitas terkait. Mereka akan membantu untuk memastikan agar komunitas mereka terwakili dan mengajak anggota komunitas untuk ikut serta memberikan suaranya. Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang program ini dan cara bergabung melalui halaman [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta Wiki]]. Salam hangat, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Ketua Komite Tata Kelola, Kelompok Kerja Pemilihan Dewan Pengawas) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Walaupun jumlah ideal sebanyak 12 calon untuk memperebutkan 4 kursi, proses pengerucutan calon akan dilakukan jika ada lebih dari 15 calon. Sebab, jika hanya 1-3 calon yang dihapus maka akan menimbulkan rasa peliyanan serta memberikan beban kerja bagi organisasi afiliasi dalam proses proses pengerucutan calon karena hanya untuk mengurangi 1-3 calon supaya bisa mendapatkan 12 calon teratas.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]12 Maret 2024 19.57 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berikan suara Anda dalam pemilihan anggota U4C yang pertama</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|Anda dapat menemukan pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Saya ingin menginformasikan bahwa masa pemilihan untuk Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal (U4C) telah dibuka saat ini sampai tanggal 9 Mei 2024. Silakan baca informasi pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|halaman pemilihan di Meta Wiki]] untuk mempelajari tentang pemilihan ini serta syarat kelayakan pemilih. Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal (U4C) merupakan sebuah komite global yang berdedikasi untuk memastikan penerapan UCoC yang adil dan konsisten. Para anggota komunitas Wikimedia diundang untuk mengajukan pencalonan dan menjadi bagian dari U4C. Untuk informasi lengkap dan tanggung jawab dari U4C, silakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|tinjau Piagam U4C]]. Mohon bagikan pesan ini kepada anggota komunitas Anda, sehingga mereka juga dapat ikut serta dalam pemilihan kali ini. Atas nama tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 25 April 2024 20.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Méi 2024 21.22 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Komentar anu diondang dina Prosedur pikeun Siklus Kahirupan Proyék Sadulur == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|Aranjeun tiasa mendakeun terjemahan ieu ka mokaha basa]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Anggota wenang masarakat <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> On behalf of the CAC, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22 Méi 2024 02.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Mengumumkan Komite Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal pertama</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|Pesan ini telah diterjemahkan ke berbagai bahasa di Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo, Tim pengawas telah selesai meninjau hasil pemungutan suara. Kami sedang menindaklanjuti hasil pemilihan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Komite Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal (U4C)]] yang pertama. Melalui pengumuman ini, kami dengan bangga menyampaikan nama-nama berikut ini sebagai anggota regional U4C, dan akan bertugas selama dua tahun: * Amerika Utara (Amerika Serikat dan Kanada) ** – * Eropa Utara dan Eropa Barat ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Amerika Latin dan Kepulauan Karibia ** – * Eropa Tengah dan Eropa Timur (CEE) ** — * Afrika Sub-Sahara ** – * Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * Asia Timur, Asia Tenggara, dan Pasifik (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * Asia Selatan ** – Para individu berikut ini telah terpilih sebagai anggota U4C untuk masa tugas satu tahun: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Kepada semua orang yang telah berpartisipasi dalam proses ini, kami ucapkan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada para kandidat atas segala kontribusi dan dedikasi Anda kepada gerakan dan komunitas Wikimedia. Selanjutnya, U4C akan segera mengadakan pertemuan dan menyusun agenda untuk tahun 2024-25, tepatnya dalam empat minggu ke depan, guna menyukseskan pelaksanaan dan peninjauan ulang UCoC dan Pedoman Penegakan. Pantau kegiatan mereka di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. Mewakili tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 3 Juni 2024 08.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Naskah akhir Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia sudah tersedia di Meta.</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|Anda dapat membaca pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di situs Meta.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Naskah akhir [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia]] sudah tersedia dalam 20 bahasa dan Anda bisa membacanya di Meta. '''Apa itu Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia?''' Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia merupakan dokumen yang diajukan untuk menjabarkan peran dan tanggung jawab untuk seluruh anggota dan entitas yang ada di Gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pendirian badan baru untuk tata kelola gerakan yang disebut Dewan Global. '''Mari bergabung ke dalam "Acara Peluncuran" Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia''' Silakan bergabung ke dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|"Acara Peluncuran"]] pada pukul '''14.00=15.00 UTC'' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 waktu setempat Anda]), tanggal '''20 Juni 2024'''. Selama acara ini, kami akan merayakan peluncuran versi akhir Piagam ini serta menjelaskan isi yang terkandung di dalamnya. Mari bergabung dan pelajari Piagam ini sebelum Anda memberikan suara Anda. '''Pemungutan suara ratifikasi Piagam Gerakan''' Pemungutan Suara akan dimulai pada pukul '''00:01 UTC''', '''25 Juni 2024''' dan akan berakhir pada pukul '''23:59 UTC''', '''9 Juli 2024''' melalui SecurePoll. Silakan baca informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|proses pemungutan suara, syarat kelayakan, dan juga hal lainnya]] pada halaman Meta. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan, silakan ajukan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|halaman pembicaraan di Meta]] atau kirimkan surel ke tim Komite Perumus Piagam Gerakan (MCDC) melalui [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. Atas nama Komite Perumus Piagam Gerakan,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 11 Juni 2024 08.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Pemungutan suara untuk ratifikasi Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia sekarang sudah dibuka. Mari, berikan suara Anda!</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|Anda dapat membaca pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di situs Meta.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Saat ini, pemungutan suara untuk ratifikasi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia''']] sudah dibuka. Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia merupakan dokumen untuk menjabarkan peran dan tanggung jawab untuk seluruh anggota dan entitas yang ada di Gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pendirian badan baru untuk tata kelola gerakan yang disebut Dewan Global. Versi akhir Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia juga tersedia dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|berbagai bahasa di Meta]]. Anda juga bisa membacanya dalam [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf versi PDF]. Pemungutan suara dimulai pada pukul '''00:01 UTC''', '''25 Juni 2024''' dan akan berakhir pada pukul '''23:59 UTC''', '''9 Juli 2024''' melalui SecurePoll. Silakan baca informasi lebih lanjut tentang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|informasi pemilih dan syarat kelayakan]]. Setelah membaca Piagam ini, silakan [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''berikan suara Anda di sini''']] dan sebarkan informasi ini ke orang lain. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan tentang proses pemungutan suara, silakan hubungi Panitia Pemungutan Suara untuk Piagam Gerakan (CEC) melalui [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. Atas nama CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 25 Juni 2024 10.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Pemungutan suara untuk ratifikasi Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia akan segera berakhir</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|Anda dapat membaca pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di situs Meta.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Pesan ini merupakan pengingat bahwa masa pemungutan suara untuk ratifikasi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia]] akan ditutup pada pukul '''23:59 UTC, 9 Juli 2024'''. Jika Anda belum memberikan suara, mohon lakukan segera melalui [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|SecurePoll]]. Atas nama [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Panitia Pemungutan Suara untuk Piagam Gerakan]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 8 Juli 2024 03.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 10 Juli 2024 00.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hasil ratifikasi Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|Anda dapat menemukan pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Menyusul proses penghitungan suara individu dan organisasi mitra lokal Wikimedia, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Panitia Pemungutan Suara]] dengan ini mengumumkan hasil pemungutan suara ratifikasi Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia. Sebagaimana yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|telah diumumkan]] oleh Panitia sebelumnya, pemungutan suara ini mencapai kuorum sah untuk proses pemungutan suara individu maupun organisasi mitra lokal pada saat ditutup pada tanggal '''9 Juli''' pukul '''23:59 UTC'''. Kami mengucapkan terima kasih sebesar-besarnya kepada 2.451 pemilih individu dan 129 perwakilan organisasi mitra lokal Wikimedia yang telah memberikan suaranya. Suara dan komentar Anda amat berharga untuk menentukan masa depan Strategi Gerakan. Hasil akhir dari pemungutan suara ratifikasi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia]] yang diselenggarakan antara tanggal 25 Juni hingga 9 Juli 2024 adalah sebagai berikut: '''Pemungutan suara individu:''' Dari 2.451 suara yang diterima sebelum pukul 23:59 UTC tanggal 9 Juli, 2.446 suara dinyatakan sah. Tercatat '''1.710''' suara "ya"; '''623''' suara "tidak"; dan '''113''' suara memilih "-" (netral). Oleh karena suara netral tidak dihitung, 73.30% pemilih memberikan suara untuk mendukung ratifikasi Piagam (1710/2333), sedangkan 26.70% memilih untuk menolak ratifikasi piagam (623/2333). '''Pemungutan suara organisasi mitra lokal:''' Dari 129 perwakilan organisasi mitra lokal yang memberikan suara sebelum pukul 23:59 UTC tanggal 9 Juli, 129 suara dinyatakan sah. Tercatat '''93''' suara "ya"; '''18''' suara "tidak"; dan '''18''' suara memilih "-" (netral). Oleh karena suara netral tidak dihitung, 83.78% organisasi mitra lokal memberikan suara untuk mendukung ratifikasi Piagam (93/111), sedangkan 16.22% memilih untuk menolak ratifikasi Piagam (18/111). '''Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia:''' Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia telah memutuskan untuk '''tidak meratifikasi''' Piagam Gerakan pada rapat khusus tanggal 8 Juli 2024. Ketua Dewan Pengawas Nataliia Tymkiv [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|membagikan hasil, resolusi dan catatan rapat tersebut]], beserta langkah selanjutnya yang akan diambil. Dengan ini, naskah Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia dalam bentuk saat ini '''tidak berhasil diratifikasi'''. Kami mengucapkan terima kasih atas partisipasi Anda dalam momen yang penting ini dalam riwayat tata kelola gerakan Wikimedia. Panitia Pemungutan Suara untuk Piagam Gerakan, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Juli 2024 17.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 27 Juli 2024 02.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 6 Agustus 2024 15.31 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == Badé sumping: Fitur sub-rujukan énggal - cobian! == <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]].</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Please help us spread the message.</span> --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 22 Agustus 2024 23.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 2 Séptémber 2024 14.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berikan suara Anda: Ikuti pemilihan Dewan Pengawas 2024!</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Halo semua, Masa pemungutan suara untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|pemilihan Dewan Pengawas 2024]] sekarang sudah dimulai. Saat ini ada dua belas (12) calon yang akan memperebutkan empat (4) kursi Dewan Pengawas. Silakan pelajari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|pernyataan para calon]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|jawaban mereka untuk pertanyaan komunitas]]. Kalau sudah siap, silakan berikan suara Anda melalui [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]]. '''Pemungutan suara akan dimulai dari pukul 00:00 UTC, 3 September hingga 23:59 UTC, 17 September 2024. Jangan lupa, periksa kelayakan Anda melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|halaman kelayakan pemilih]]. Salam hangat, Komite Pemilihan dan Kelompok Kerja Pemilihan Dewan<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 3 Séptémber 2024 12.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2024 18.57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Hasil awal pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2024</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Halo semua, Terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah ikut serta dalam proses [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2024]]. Hampir 6000 anggota komunitas dari 180 proyek wiki sudah ikut serta dalam pemilihan kali ini. Empat calon berikut mendapatkan jumlah suara tertinggi: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] Walaupun data di atas diurutkan berdasarkan hasil pemilihan, tetapi para calon tetap harus diangkat oleh Dewan Pengawas. Mereka perlu lolos dari proses pengecekan latar belakang dan juga memenuhi persyaratan yang dijabarkan dalam Anggaran Rumah Tangga. Dewan Pengawas yang baru akan diangkat saat rapat dewan pada bulan Desember 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Silakan baca hasil lengkap pemilihan kali ini melalui situs Meta-Wiki.]] Salam hangat, Komite Pemilihan dan Kelompok Kerja Pemilihan Dewan <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 14 Oktober 2024 08.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16 Oktober 2024 23.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 22 Oktober 2024 11.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 21 Nopémber 2024 19.54 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Sundanese Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Sundanese Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Sundanese Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[Gambar:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[Gambar:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 10th December 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|sawala]]) 28 Nopémber 2024 04.17 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 24 Januari 2025 01.11 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 29 Januari 2025 02.36 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 29 Januari 2025 02.36 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 3 Pébruari 2025 00.49 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr"> Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa (28 Februari, 14.00 UTC) dan Nawala Mendatang</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Halo, semuanya! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=Sebuah gambar yang menggambarkan berbagai bahasa]] Kami gembira mengumumkan bahwa '''Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa''' mendatang akan diselenggarakan pada '''28 Februari pukul 14.00 UTC'''! Jika ingin bergabung, cukup mendaftar '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|di halaman wiki]]'''. Ini merupakan pertemuan yang berbasis peserta tempat kita berbagi informasi terbaru mengenai proyek-proyek yang berhubungan dengan bahasa, mendiskusikan tantangan teknis dalam wiki yang berhubungan dengan bahasa, dan bekerja sama dalam mencari solusi. Pada pertemuan terakhir yang lalu, kami membahas topik-topik seperti pengembangan papan ketik bahasa, pembuatan Wikipedia Moore, dan berita terbaru dari jalur dukungan bahasa di Wiki Indaba. '''Ada topik yang ingin disampaikan?''' Baik itu kabar terbaru teknis dari proyek Anda, tantangan yang perlu dibantu, atau permintaan bantuan penjurubahasaan, kami ingin mendengarnya dari Anda! Jangan ragu untuk '''menanggapi pesan ini''' atau menambahkan topik ke dalam dokumen '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|di sini]]'''. Kami juga ingin menyampaikan bahwa nawala Bahasa & Internasionalisasi edisi keenam (Januari 2025) tersedia di sini: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. Nawala ini menyajikan informasi terbaru dari kuartal Oktober–Desember 2024 tentang pengembangan fitur baru, peningkatan berbagai proyek teknis terkait bahasa dan upaya dukungan, informasi mengenai pertemuan komunitas, dan ide untuk berkontribusi ke dalam proyek tersebut. Untuk mendapatkan informasi terbaru, Anda dapat berlangganan nawalanya di halaman wiki: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. Sampai jumpa di pertemuan komunitas bahasa berikutnya. Kami tunggu ide dan partisipasi Anda! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 Pébruari 2025 08.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 7 Maret 2025 18.51 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 13 Maret 2025 02.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 4 April 2025 02.04 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16 April 2025 16.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Hide on Rosé@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17 April 2025 00.34 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 28 April 2025 15.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 29 April 2025 03.41 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Panggero pikeun Calon pikeun Komité Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal (U4C) == <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div> </div><section end="announcement-content" /> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|obrolan]])</bdi> 15 Méi 2025 22.07 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 22 Méi 2025 15.27 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025 & Pengajuan Pertanyaan</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Tahun ini, periode 2 (dua) tahun jabatan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia untuk kursi perwakilan Komunitas dan Organisasi Afiliasi akan segera berakhir. [1] Dewan Pengawas mengundang seluruh anggota Gerakan Wikimedia untuk ikut serta dalam proses pemilihan tahun ini serta memberikan suara mereka supaya jabatan yang kosong bisa segera terisi. Komite Pemilihan akan mengawasi tahapan pemilihan ini dengan dukungan dari pegawai Yayasan Wikimedia. [2] Komite Tata Kelola Dewan, terdiri atas para anggota Dewan Pengawas yang tidak menjadi calon dalam tahapan pemilihan Dewan Pengawas untuk kursi perwakilan komunitas dan organisasi afiliasi tahun 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina dan Esra’a Al Shafei), [3] akan bertugas untuk melaksanakan fungsi pengawasan bagi Dewan Pengawas di dalam tahapan pemilihan 2025 ini serta senantiasa menginformasikan perkembangan terbaru kepada Dewan Pengawas. Silakan kunjungi pranala yang tersedia pada catatan kaki di bawah ini untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai peran dari Komite Pemilihan, Dewan Pengawas, dan pegawai Wikimedia. [4] Berikut merupakan tanggal-tanggal penting untuk tahapan pemilihan tahun ini: * 22 Mei–5 Juni 2025: Pengumuman (informasi yang sedang Anda baca ini) dan masa pengajuan pertanyaan [6] * 17 Juni–1 Juli 2025: Pengajuan calon17 Juni–1 Juli 2025: Pengajuan calon * Juli 2025: Jika diperlukan, organisasi afiliasi akan memilih calon Dewan Pengawas yang akan dimasukkan ke tahapan pemilihan berikutnya, apabila terdapat 10 atau lebih calon yang mendaftar [5] * Agustus 2025: Masa kampanye * Agustus–September 2025: Masa pemungutan suara komunitas yang akan berlangsung selama dua minggu * Oktober–November 2025: Pemeriksaan latar belakang dari calon terpilih * Rapat Dewan Pengawas pada bulan Desember 2025: Penetapan anggota Dewan Pengawas terbaru Silakan pelajari proses pemilihan 2025 lebih mendalam, termasuk rincian lini masa, proses pencalonan, peraturan kampanye, dan syarat kelayakan pemilih dengan mengakses [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|pranala halaman Meta-Wiki ini]]. '''Pengajuan Pertanyaan''' Dalam proses pemilihan ini, anggota komunitas berkesempatan untuk mengajukan pertanyaan yang akan dijawab oleh para calon Dewan Pengawas. Komite Pemilihan akan memilih pertanyaan dari daftar yang telah diajukan oleh anggota komunitas sebelumnya, dan kemudian, para calon akan menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Para calon harus menjawab semua pertanyaan wajib yang tercantum dalam formulir pencalonan agar dapat dianggap telah memenuhi syarat. Jika tidak, pencalonan tersebut akan dianggap batal. Pada tahun ini, Komite Pemilihan akan memilih 5 pertanyaan untuk dijawab oleh para calon. Pertanyaan terpilih mungkin merupakan hasil perpaduan dari daftar pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh komunitas, jika ternyata pertanyaan tersebut mirip atau berkaitan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Sukarelawan Pemilihan''' Cara lain untuk terlibat dalam proses pemilihan 2025 yaitu dengan menjadi Sukarelawan Pemilihan. Sukarelawan Pemilihan akan menjembatani hubungan antara Komite Pemilihan dan komunitas masing-masing. Mereka akan membantu memastikan agar komunitas mereka terwakili dan mengajak anggota komunitas untuk ikut serta memberikan suaranya. Silakan pelajari lebih lanjut tentang program ini dan cara bergabung melalui dengan mengakses [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|pranala halaman Meta Wiki]]. Terima kasih banyak! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Salam hangat, Victoria Doronina Narahubung Dewan Pengawas untuk Komite Pemilihan Komite Tata Kelola Dewan<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 28 Méi 2025 03.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 13 Juni 2025 23.01 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025 - Pengajuan Calon</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Halo semua, Saat ini, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|tahap pengajuan calon untuk pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025]] telah dibuka. Tahap ini akan berlangsung dari tanggal 17 Juni 2025 sampai pukul 11:59 UTC, 2 Juli 2025.[1] Dewan Pengawas bertugas untuk mengawasi pekerjaan Yayasan Wikimedia dan masing-masing Pengawas bertugas selama tiga tahun masa jabatan.[2] Jabatan ini bersifat sukarela. Tahun ini, komunitas Wikimedia akan menghadapi pemilihan yang akan dilangsungkan dari akhir Agustus hingga September 2025. Pemilihan ini bertujuan untuk mengisi dua (2) kursi kosong di Dewan Pengawas, Yayasan Wikimedia. Apakah Anda calon yang kami cari atau Anda tahu orang yang kira-kira cocok untuk dicalonkan sebagai Dewan Pengawas, Yayasan Wikimedia?[3] Silakan baca lebih lanjut [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|di halaman Meta-Wiki]] untuk mengetahui hal apa saja yang diperlukan untuk dapat menjabat sebagai Dewan Pengawas, cara mengajukan pencalonan diri atau mengajak orang lain untuk maju dalam pemilihan tahun ini. Salam hangat, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Ketua Komite Pemilihan Atas nama Komite Pemilihan dan Komite Tata Kelola Dewan [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 17 Juni 2025 17.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 27 Juni 2025 20.57 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Akun sementara akan diaktifkan segera</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Halo, kami dari tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product and Safety]] Wikimedia Foundation ingin mengumumkan bahwa fitur '''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] rencananya akan diaktifkan di wiki ini pada 1 September'''. Fitur ini sudah diaktifkan di 30 wiki, termasuk beberapa di antaranya adalah Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, Jepang, Prancis, dan Indonesia. Ini berguna untuk kontributor yang tidak memiliki akun dan/atau masuk log dalam melindungi privasinya. Selain itu, fitur ini juga bermanfaat bagi kontributor yang melakukan patroli maupun pengurus, sebagai bagian dari menjaga wiki senantiasa aman dan tetap akurat. '''Mengapa kami membuat fitur ini?''' Sudah sepatutnya proyek Wikimedia menjadi tempat yang aman bagi semua kontributor, termasuk mereka yang memilih untuk tidak masuk log (pengguna anonim). Fitur Akun Sementara mengizinkan pengguna anonim untuk bisa berkontribusi tanpa harus menunjukkan alamat IP mereka secara publik. Selain itu, perangkat lunak moderasi kami sangat bergantung pada jaringan yang digunakan (dalam hal ini adalah alamat IP) untuk mendeteksi perilaku vandal maupun penggunaan akun siluman secara tidak bertanggung jawab. Permasalahannya, tidak jarang satu/beberapa alamat IP yang digunakan oleh pelaku vandal juga berbarengan dengan pengguna berniat baik. Alhasil, kontributor berniat baik tersebut bisa saja enggan untuk menyunting kembali karena diblokir dan dianggap sama dengan pelaku vandal tersebut. Melalui Akun Sementara, kami harapkan hal seperti ini dapat diminimalkan. Untuk cara kerja dari fitur ini dapat dilihat di bawah. '''Bagaimana fitur ini bekerja?''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Siapa saja yang menyunting secara anonim di wiki, sebuah kuki (cookie) akan disimpan ke dalam peramban web pengguna anonim tersebut. Kemudian, akun sementara yang terhubung dengan kuki tersebut akan dibuat secara otomatis. Nama akun pengguna tersebut akan mengikuti format sebagai berikut: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (tanda tilda, tahun sekarang, dan angka). Format tersebut yang akan tampil di halaman perubahan terbaru, alih-alih alamat IP seperti sebelumnya. Kuki akan disimpan selama 90 hari sejak pembuatan. Selama kuki tersebut masih tersimpan, maka nama tersebutlah yang akan digunakan dan akan tetap sama apapun koneksi internet (alamat IP) yang dipakai. Catatan log terkait alamat IP dari akun tersebut akan disimpan selama 90 hari setelah penyuntingan terakhir. Namun, hanya beberapa pengguna terdaftar yang dapat melihat alamat IP tersebut. '''Apa artinya ini bagi kontributor?''' '''Bagi pengguna anonim (tidak masuk log)''' * Meningkatkan privasi atau keamanan. Pada saat ini, ketika Anda memilih untuk tidak masuk log, maka alamat IP Anda akan tampil secara publik. Hal seperti ini tidak akan terjadi lagi nantinya. * Apabila Anda menggunakan akun sementara untuk menyunting di lokasi yang berbeda selama 90 hari terakhir, maka riwayat suntingan dan alamat IP dari lokasi tersebut akan tersimpan di dalam akun sementara. Pengguna terdaftar yang [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|memenuhi kriteria]] dapat melihat data tersebut. Jika hal ini membuat Anda terancam, silakan hubungi surel talktohumanrights@wikimedia.org untuk bantuan. '''Bagi kontributor yang berinteraksi dengan pengguna anonim''' * Akun sementara secara unik hanya terhubung ke satu perangkat. Jika dibandingkan dengan alamat IP, maka satu alamat IP bisa saja digunakan lebih banyak orang maupun perangkat pada saat yang bersamaan. * Akan jauh lebih mudah untuk berasumsi bahwa satu akun sementara hanya berlaku untuk satu orang. Jika dibandingkan dengan alamat IP, maka sulit untuk memprediksi apakah itu orang yang sama atau bukan. '''Bagi kontributor yang menggunakan alamat IP untuk patroli''' * '''Untuk kontributor yang rutin melakukan patroli''' dalam mencari pelaku vandal, melakukan investigasi pelanggaran kebijakan dan pedoman, dsb: kontributor yang [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|memenuhi kriteria]] dapat melihat alamat IP dari akun sementara maupun seluruh kontribusi yang dibuat oleh akun sementara dari alamat IP secara spesifik/rentang tertentu ([[Special:IPContributions]]). Mereka juga akan memiliki akses ke informasi bermanfaat tentang alamat IP berkat fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|Info IP]]. Selain itu, fitur yang sudah tersedia seperti filter penyalahgunaan, blokir global, kontribusi global, dsb. akan disesuaikan agar dapat bekerja dengan fitur Akun Sementara. * '''Untuk pengurus yang memblokir alamat IP:''' ** Sangat memungkinkan untuk mencegah beberapa orang dalam membuat akun hanya dengan memblokir akun sementaranya. Seseorang yang diblokir tidak akan dapat membuat akun sementara baru jika pengurus memilih opsi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|blokir otomatis.]] ** Blokir satu maupun rentang alamat IP tetap berlaku. * Akun Sementara tidak akan berlaku untuk kontribusi sebelum perilisan fitur ini. Pada halaman Istimewa:Kontribusi pengguna, alamat IP yang sudah ada sebelumnya tetap akan tampil. Jika ingin melihat suntingan oleh akun sementara, kunjungi halaman Istimewa:Kontribusi alamat IP. '''Tahap selanjutnya dan apa yang harus dilakukan''' * Apabila Anda mengetahui perkakas, akun bot, dsb. yang menggunakan alamat IP, sebaiknya dilakukan uji coba terlebih dahulu di [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] atau [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. Jika Anda adalah pengembang sukarelawan, silakan membaca dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers| berikut ini]] dan lihat bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|kode Anda mungkin perlu diperbarui]]. * Apabila Anda ingin merasakan pengalaman menggunakan akun sementara, silakan kunjungi testwiki atau test2wiki tanpa masuk log. * Sampaikan kepada kami apa saja halangan maupun permasalahan yang dialami. Kami akan berusaha semaksimal mungkin dalam membantu, tetapi apabila tidak bisa maka kami akan memikirkan opsi lain yang tersedia. * Lihat kembali [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|pengumuman terakhir kami]] tentang syarat bagi pengguna tanpa hak khusus (pengurus, birokrat, pemeriksa, pengawas) yang ingin melihat alamat IP akun sementara. Untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang proyek ini, silakan kunjungi halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|pertanyaan yang sering diajukan]]. Anda mungkin juga tertarik untuk melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|pengumuman terkini ]] dan [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|berlangganan nawala kami]]. Salam.<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 26 Agustus 2025 21.36 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berikan suara Anda: pemilihan Dewan Pengawas 2025</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Halo semua, Masa pemungutan suara untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|pemilihan Dewan Pengawas 2025]] telah dibuka. Para calon akan bertanding untuk memperebutkan dua (2) kursi Dewan Pengawas. Untuk memeriksa kelayakan Anda sebagai pemilih, silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|halaman kelayakan pemilih]]. Pelajari para calon dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|membaca pernyataan yang tercantum dalam halaman pencalonan dan juga saksikan video mereka]]. Jika Anda telah merasa siap, silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|halaman pemungutan suara untuk memberikan suara Anda]]. '''Pemungutan suara akan dibuka dari pukul 00:00 UTC, 8 Oktober hingga 23:59 UTC, 22 Oktober 2022.''' Salam hangat, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Ketua, Komite Pemilihan<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 9 Oktober 2025 04.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 20 Oktober 2025 11.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 30 Oktober 2025 14.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 20 Nopémber 2025 14.22 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 28 Nopémber 2025 21.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-01_Wikipedias&oldid=29723884 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Januari 2026 13.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Tinjauan tahunan untuk Kode Etik Universal dan Panduan Penegakan</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Saya ingin menyampaikan bahwa periode peninjauan tahunan Kode Etik Universal dan Pedoman Penegakannya saat ini telah dibuka. Usulan perubahan dapat diajukan hingga 9 Februari 2026. Tahap ini merupakan langkah awal dari rangkaian proses peninjauan tahunan yang akan dilakukan.[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Informasi lengkap dan ruang diskusi tersedia di halaman UCoC di Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) adalah grup global yang didedikasikan untuk memberikan implementasi yang adil dan konsisten dari UCoC. Tinjauan tahunan ini telah direncanakan dan diimplementasikan oleh U4C. Untuk informasi dan tanggung jawab U4C lebih lanjut, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Anda dapat meninjaunya pada piagam U4C]]. Mohon bagikan informasi ini pada anggota lain di komunitas Anda di mana pun yang mungkin sesuai. -- Bekerja sama dengan U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|bicara]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 19 Januari 2026 21.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 26 April 2026 00.58 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Milih ayeuna dina pamilihan U4C 2026 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Pamilih anu lolos dihaturan ngiringan pamilihan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Komite Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal]] 2026. Leuwih lengkepna-kaasup kalayakan, émbaran prosés voting, émbaran calon, jeung tutumbu ka votingna aya di Meta di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|kaca émbaran Pamilihan 2026]]. Voting ditutup 2 Juni 2026 jam [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Upama anjeun layak, mangga milih. Hasilna bakal dibéwarakeun 14 Juni 2026. -- Sabilulungan jeung U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 27 Méi 2026 17.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|obrolan]])</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 17.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Penerapan halaman kontak Legal dan Keamanan di bagian bawah wiki Anda</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Kontak Legal dan Keamanan''' Halo, rekan-rekan kontributor! Wikimedia Foundation telah menyediakan [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|halaman kontak legal dan keamanan]] yang akan ditambahkan di bagian bawah wiki. Halaman tersebut sudah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris, Italia, Jerman, Spanyol, dan sebagainya. Untuk bahasa lainnya akan segera tersedia. Silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|halaman proyek]] untuk informasi selengkapnya, serta kami harapkan kesediaannya untuk meninggalkan komentar di bawah ini atau di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|halaman pembicaraan]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 25 Juni 2026 13.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 24 Juli 2026 12.25 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:DreamRimmer@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 21 Séptémber 2026 15.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067433 --> == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary. The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].<br/> Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes. Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 9 Oktober 2026 09.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=31142775 --> i9ey8crj6voftr2kw5z736id753va9r 0 48530 730034 665412 2026-10-08T21:32:14Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730034 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Zygote.tif|jmpl|Zigot]] '''Zigot''' (tina basa [[Yunani]] Kuno: ζυγωτός (zygōtós) 'ngagabung, dipasangkeun', tina kecap ζυγοῦν (zygoun) 'ngagabung, dipasangkeun') nyaéta sél anu kabentuk salaku hasil tina ngahijikeun dua sél kelamin (ovum). Sél zigot, nyaéta sél [[eukariot]], kabentuk ngaliwatan prosés fértilisasi antara dua sél gamét. Génom zigot diwangun ku kombinasi [[DNA]] unggal gamét, sarta ngandung sakabéh informasi genetik diperlukeun pikeun ngabentuk individu anyar. Dina organisme multisélular, zigot aya dina tahap pangheubeulna pangwangunan. Dina organisme unisélular, zigot bisa ngabagi ku mitosis pikeun ngahasilkeun turunan idéntik<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-01-24|title=Zigot|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zigot&oldid=22757225|language=id}}</ref>.Zigot nyaéta gabungan spérma jeung sél endog. Sél ieu ngandung sakabéh informasi genetik ([[DNA]]) diperlukeun pikeun jadi orok.Sababaraha DNA asalna tina sél endog sarta sababaraha asalna tina spérma bapana. Pondokna Zigot téh nyaéta sél jeung sél spérma) nu geus matured mangrupa hiji [[sél]] tunggal, [[endog]] anu karak dibuahan.<ref name="hiji">{{id}}[http://kamuskesehatan.com/arti/zigot/ Zigot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010311/http://kamuskesehatan.com/arti/zigot/ |date=2016-03-05 }} (diakses 10 Desember 2015)</ref> Sél tunggal zigot ngandung sakabéh 46 kromosom nu penting pikeun jadi orok. Sél tunggal diwangun ku 23 spérma jeung 23 sél endog. == Prosés Ngabentukna Zigot == [[Gambar:Befruchtung - Zygote.png|jmpl|ProséS Ngabentukna Zigot]] [[Zigot]] ngabagi ngaliwatan prosés mitosis, nyaéta nalika unggal sél ganda (hiji sél jadi dua, dua jadi opat, jeung saterusna). Tahap ieu lumangsung salila dua minggu. Prosés ieu disebut oge periode ngembangkeun germinal, sarta ngawengku waktu ti fértilisasi (konsépsi) nepi ka implantasi tina blastocyst dina rahim. Sél spérma ngandung informasi genetik bapana, sedengkeun sél endog ngandung informasi genetik indungna. Unggal sél anu ngandung satengah tina bahan genetik disebut sél haploid. Nalika dua sél haploid ngagabung, aranjeunna ngabentuk sél diploid tunggal anu ngandung sadaya kromosom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.halodoc.com/artikel/kenalan-dengan-zigot-dalam-terjadinya-kehamilan|title=Kenalan dengan Zigot dalam Terjadinya Kehamilan|last=Halodoc|first=Redaksi|website=halodoc|language=id|accessdate=2024-03-10}}</ref> == 3 Tahap Ngembangna Embrio (Morula, Blastula, sareng Gastrula) == # Tahap Morula, tahap pembelahan zigot dimimitian ti morula. Dina tahap ieu, morula bakal ngabagi terus-terusan tina 1 sél ka 2 sél, 4 sél, 8 sél, jsb anu bakal terus gerak nuju rahim. Nalika nuju ka rahim, morula bakal janten blastula. # Tahap Blastula,dina tahap blastula, sanggeus anjog ka rahim, éta bakal asup kana témbok éndométrium ku ngaleupaskeun énzim pencernaan pikeun nyerna témbok éndométrium sahingga blastula bisa napel dina témbok éndométrium.Prosés pangeboran ieu bisa lumangsung salila 4 - 5 poé, lajeng blastula bakal implant dina témbok uterus. Kajadian ieu disebut implantasi, anu lumangsung saatos 1 minggu fértilisasi. Dina waktu ieu, korpus luteum ngahasilkeun hormon progesteron, anu fungsina pikeun merangsang tumuwuhna uterus. Sanggeus zigot nempel kana témbok uterus, hormon éstrogén jeung progesteron ngatur sangkan teu lumangsung haid.Blasula terus ngabagi terus anu ngahasilkeun gastrula, tuluy jadi cikal bakal embrio jeung ahirna cikal bakal mekar jadi fétus dina rahim. # Tahap Gastrula, tahap gastrula disebut prosés gastrulasi anu lumangsung dina minggu ka-3. Dina prosés gastrulasi, jaringan ngabentuk 3 lapisan, nyaéta éktodermis, mesodermis sareng endodermis.3 Mékanisme nu lumangsungna Évolusi, jinis Gangguan sareng Panyakit dina Sistem Kekebalan Awak Tilu lapisan jaringan ieu bakal ngalaman diferensiasi sareng spésialisasi pikeun ngabentuk organ sareng sistem organ.Lapisan extroderm bakal ngabentuk organ sapertos saraf, irung, panon, kelenjar kulit sareng mekar janten jaringan épidermis.Lapisan mesoderm bakal ngamekarkeun pikeun ngabentuk ginjal, limpa, gonad, jantung, pembuluh darah, limfa, tulang jeung otot.Lapisan endoderm bakal ngabentuk ati, pankréas, saluran pencernaan, saluran pernapasan, kelenjar tiroid sareng gondok.Sanggeus asup kana tahap gastrulasi, bakal lumangsung organogenesis, nyaéta tahap kabentukna organ awak, anu saterusna ngarobah cikal bakal jadi fétus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biologiedukasi.com/2018/05/3-tahapan-perkembangan-embrio-morula.html|title=3 Tahapan Perkembangan Embrio (Morula , Blastula, dan Gastrula)|language=id|accessdate=2024-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260213220713/https://www.biologiedukasi.com/2018/05/3-tahapan-perkembangan-embrio-morula.html|archivedate=2026-02-13}}</ref> == Ti Zigot ka Émbrio == Salila tujuh poé sanggeus [[fértilisasi]], [[zigot]] terus pindah ka arah tuba fallopian, bari ngabagi ngaliwatan prosés mitosis.Dina 12 jam kahiji sanggeus fértilisasi, zigot ngan boga hiji sél. Sakitar 30 jam saatosna, éta ngabagi dua sél. Kira-kira 15 jam engké, éta jadi opat sél. Saatos tilu dinten, zigot ngandung 16 sél sareng ayeuna disebut morula.Dina ahir période transisi ieu, si cikal bakal jadi massa sél kacida teratur disebut blastula atawa blastokista.Salajengna, blastocyst ngalir ka arah rahim sarta kudu implant kana témbok uterus pikeun meunangkeun gizi anu diperlukeun pikeun salamet sarta ngamekarkeun.Prosés implantasi blastokista lumangsung kira-kira 6 poé sanggeus fértilisasi. Na, ngan sanggeus blastocyst implants kana rahim teu kakandungan sabenerna sabenerna lumangsung (kakandungan klinis).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bocahindonesia.com/zigot/|title=Apa itu Zigot? Pengertian dan Prosesnya|last=MPH|first=dr Fiona Amelia|website=Bocah Indonesia|language=id-ID|accessdate=2024-03-10}}</ref> ==Referensi== {{reflist}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Biologi]] {{stub}} ezk6rfywyu1ry08xycknpvfo07f0ohe 828 88230 730026 729956 2026-10-08T18:01:39Z Rafka Aditia 29183 730026 Scribunto text/plain --[=[ Lua support for the {{lang}}, {{langx}}, {{lang-??}}, and {{transliteration}} templates and replacement of various supporting templates. ]=] require('strict'); local getArgs = require ('Modul:Arguments').getArgs; local unicode = require ("Modul:Unicode data"); -- for is_Latin() and is_rtl() local yesno = require ('Modul:Yesno'); local sandbox = (mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle():match ('/sandbox') or ''); -- when called from a sandbox template or module load sandbox data and sandbox configuration local lang_data = mw.loadData ('Modul:Lang/data' .. sandbox); -- language name override and transliteration tool-tip tables local lang_name_table = lang_data.lang_name_table; -- language codes, names, regions, scripts, suppressed scripts local lang_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang; local lang_dep_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang_dep; local script_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.script; local region_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.region; local variant_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.variant; local suppressed_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.suppressed; local override_table = lang_data.override; local synonym_table = mw.loadData ('Modul:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms'); -- ISO 639-2/639-2T code translation to 639-1 code local cfg = mw.loadData ('Modul:Lang/configuration' .. sandbox); -- for internationalization local is_latn_data = mw.loadData ('Modul:Lang/data/is latn data'); local sizeof_ranges_t = is_latn_data.sizeof_ranges_t; local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace; -- used for categorization local content_lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage(); local this_wiki_lang_tag = content_lang.code; -- get this wiki's language tag local this_wiki_lang_dir = content_lang:getDir(); -- get this wiki's language direction local initial_style_state; -- set by lang_xx_normal() and lang_xx_italic() local maint_cats = {}; -- maintenance categories go here local maint_msgs = {}; -- and their messages go here --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ S P A N >-------------------------------------------------- ]] local function make_error_span (template, msg) return table.concat ({'<span style="color:var(--color-error,#d33)">', cfg.misc_text_t.error, ': ', template, msg, '</span>'}) end --[[--------------------------< S U B S T I T U T E >---------------------------------------------------------- Substitutes $1, $2, etc in <message> with data from <data_t>. Returns plain-text substituted string when <data_t> not nil; returns <message> else. ]] local function substitute (message, data_t) return data_t and mw.message.newRawMessage (message, data_t):plain() or message; end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G >-------------------------------------------------- Assembles an error message from template name, message text, help link, and error category. ]] local function make_error_msg (msg, args_t, template) local category; local text; -- handle the oddity that is {{langx}} if cfg.templates_t.langxx == template then text = args_t.text or args_t[1]; -- for {{lang-xx}} else text = args_t.text or args_t[2]; -- for {{lang}}, {{langx}}, and {{transliteration}} end if cfg.templates_t.transliteration == template then category = cfg.make_error_msg_t.xlit_err_cat; else category = cfg.make_error_msg_t.lang_err_cat; end local category_link = ((0 == namespace or 10 == namespace) and not args_t.nocat) and substitute ('[[Kategori:$1]]', {category}) or ''; return substitute ('[$1] <span style="color:var(--color-error,#d33)">$2: &#x7B;{$3}}: $4 ([[:Kategori:$5|$6]])</span>$7', -- &#x7B; prevents template name from being treated as a template call in certain situations { text or cfg.make_error_msg_t.undefined, cfg.misc_text_t.error, template, msg, category, cfg.misc_text_t.help, category_link }) end --[[--------------------------< P A R A M E T E R _ V A L I D A T E >------------------------------------------ ]] local function parameter_validate (args_t, template) local err_msg = cfg.parameter_validate_t.invalid_param; if cfg.templates_t.lang == template then -- for {{lang}} for param, _ in pairs (args_t) do if not cfg.known_params_t.params_lang_t[param] and -- unique {{lang}} parameters not cfg.known_params_t.common_params_all_t[param] then -- common to all return substitute (err_msg, {param}); -- <param> not found so abandon end end elseif cfg.templates_t.langx == template then -- for {{langx}} for param, _ in pairs (args_t) do if not cfg.known_params_t.params_langx_t[param] and -- unique {{langx}} parameters not cfg.known_params_t.params_x_t[param] and -- common to {{langx}} and {{lang-xx}} not cfg.known_params_t.common_params_all_t[param] then -- common to all return substitute (err_msg, {param}); -- <param> not found so abandon end end elseif cfg.templates_t.langxx == template then -- for {{lang-xx}} for param, _ in pairs (args_t) do if not cfg.known_params_t.params_lang_xx_t[param] and -- unique {{lang-xx}} parameters not cfg.known_params_t.params_x_t[param] and -- common to {{langx}} and {{lang-xx}} not cfg.known_params_t.common_params_all_t[param] then -- common to all return substitute (err_msg, {param}); -- <param> not found so abandon end end end end --[[--------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------ Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string. ]] local function is_set (var) return not (var == nil or var == ''); end --[[--------------------------< I N V E R T _ I T A L I C S >------------------------------------------------- This function attempts to invert the italic markup a args.text by adding/removing leading/trailing italic markup in args.text. Like |italic=unset, |italic=invert disables automatic italic markup. Individual leading/trailing apostrophes are converted to their HTML numeric entity equivalent so that the new italic markup doesn't become bold markup inadvertently. Leading and trailing wiki markup is extracted from args.text into separate table elements. Addition, removal, replacement of wiki markup is handled by a string.gsub() replacement table operating only on these separate elements. In the string.gsub() matching pattern, '.*' matches empty string as well as the three expected wiki markup patterns. This function expects that markup in args.text is complete and correct; if it is not, oddness may result. ]] local function invert_italics (source) local invert_pattern_table = { -- leading/trailing markup add/remove/replace patterns [""]="\'\'", -- empty string becomes italic markup ["\'\'"]="", -- italic markup becomes empty string ["\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'\'\'", -- bold becomes bold italic ["\'\'\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'", -- bold italic become bold }; local seg = {}; source = source:gsub ("%f[\']\'%f[^\']", '&#39;'); -- protect single quote marks from being interpreted as bold markup seg[1] = source:match ('^(\'\'+%f[^\']).+') or ''; -- get leading markup, if any; ignore single quote seg[3] = source:match ('.+(%f[\']\'\'+)$') or ''; -- get trailing markup, if any; ignore single quote if '' ~= seg[1] and '' ~= seg[3] then -- extract the 'text' seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- from between leading and trailing markup elseif '' ~= seg[1] then seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)') -- following leading markup elseif '' ~= seg[3] then seg[2] = source:match ('(.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- preceding trailing markup else seg[2] = source -- when there is no markup end seg[1] = invert_pattern_table[seg[1]] or seg[1]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table seg[3] = invert_pattern_table[seg[3]] or seg[3]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table return table.concat (seg); -- put it all back together and done end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------ Validates |italic= or |italics= assigned values. When |italic= is set and has an acceptable assigned value, return the matching CSS font-style property value or, for the special case 'default', return nil. When |italic= is not set, or has an unacceptable assigned value, return nil and a nil error message. When both |italic= and |italics= are set, returns nil and a 'conflicting' error message. The return value nil causes the calling lang, lang_xx, or xlit function to set args.italic according to the template's defined default ('inherit' for {{lang}}, 'inherit' or 'italic' for {{lang-??}} depending on the individual template's requirements, 'italic' for {{transliteration}}) or to the value appropriate to |script=, if set ({{lang}} and {{lang-??}} only). Accepted values and the values that this function returns are are: nil - when |italic= absent or not set; returns nil default - for completeness, should rarely if ever be used; returns nil yes - force args.text to be rendered in italic font; returns 'italic' no - force args.text to be rendered in normal font; returns 'normal' unset - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup inside or outside the template; returns 'inherit' invert - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup outside or inverted inside the template; returns 'invert' ]] local function validate_italic (args) local properties = {[cfg.keywords_t.affirmative] = 'italic', [cfg.keywords_t.negative] = 'normal', [cfg.keywords_t.unset] = 'inherit', [cfg.keywords_t.invert] = 'invert', [cfg.keywords_t.default] = nil}; local italic, count = nil, 0 for _, param in pairs {'italic', 'italics', 'i'} do local arg = args[param] if nil ~= arg then if nil == italic then italic = arg end count = count + 1 end end if count > 1 then -- return an error message if more than one is set return cfg.validate_italic_t.multi_italic; end args.style = properties[italic] -- set args.style to an appropriate value args.italic = italic; -- use args.italic as the canonical parameter return nil; -- return a nil error message end --[=[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ C A T _ A R G S >---------------------------------------------------------- Default behavior of the {{lang}} and {{lang-??}} templates is to add categorization when the templates are used in main space. This default functionality may be suppressed by setting |nocat=yes or |cat=no. This function selects one of these two parameters to control categorization. Because having two parameters with 'opposite' names and 'opposite' values is confusing, this function accepts only affirmative values for |nocat= and only negative values for |cat=; in both cases the 'other' sense (and non-sense) is not accepted and the parameter is treated as if it were not set in the template. Sets args.nocat to true if categorization is to be turned off; to nil if the default behavior should apply. Accepted values for |nocat= are the text strings: 'yes', 'y', 'true', 't', on, '1' -- [[Modul:Yesno]] returns logical true for all of these; false or nil else for |cat= 'no', 'n', 'false', 'f', 'off', '0' -- [[Modul:Yesno]] returns logical false for all of these; true or nil else ]=] local function validate_cat_args (args) if not (args.nocat or args.cat) then -- both are nil, so categorize return; end if false == yesno (args.cat) or true == yesno (args.nocat) then args.nocat = true; -- set to true when args.nocat is affirmative; nil else (as if the parameter were not set in the template) else -- args.nocat is the parameter actually used. args.nocat = nil; end end --[[--------------------------< I N _ A R R A Y >-------------------------------------------------------------- Whether needle is in haystack. ]] local function in_array (needle, haystack) if needle == nil then return false; end for n,v in ipairs (haystack) do if v == needle then return n; end end return false; end --[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------ Prettify IETF tags to use recommended subtag formats: code: lower case script: sentence case region: upper case variant: lower case private: lower case prefixed with -x- ]] local function format_ietf_tag (code, script, region, variant, private) local out = {}; if is_set (private) then return table.concat ({code:lower(), 'x', private:lower()}, '-'); -- if private, all other tags ignored end table.insert (out, code:lower()); if is_set (script) then script = script:lower():gsub ('^%a', string.upper); table.insert (out, script); end if is_set (region) then table.insert (out, region:upper()); end if is_set (variant) then table.insert (out, variant:lower()); end return table.concat (out, '-'); end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ I E T F _ P A R T S >-------------------------------------------------- Extracts and returns IETF language tag parts: primary language subtag (required) - 2 or 3 character IANA language code script subtag - four character IANA script code region subtag - two-letter or three digit IANA region code variant subtag - four digit or 5-8 alnum variant code; only one variant subtag supported private subtag - x- followed by 1-8 alnum private code; only supported with the primary language tag in any one of these forms lang lang-variant lang-script lang-script-variant lang-region lang-region-variant lang-script-region lang-script-region-variant lang-x-private each of lang, script, region, variant, and private, when used, must be valid. Languages with both two- and three-character code synonyms are promoted to the two-character synonym because the IANA registry file omits the synonymous three-character code; we cannot depend on browsers understanding the synonymous three-character codes in the lang= attribute. For {{lang-??}} templates, the parameters |script=, |region=, and |variant= are supported (not supported in {{lang}} because those parameters are superfluous to the IETF subtags in |code=). Returns six values; all lower case. Valid parts are returned as themselves; omitted parts are returned as empty strings, invalid parts are returned as nil; the sixth returned item is an error message (if an error detected) or nil. See http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt section 2.1. ]] local function get_ietf_parts (source, args_script, args_region, args_variant) local code, script, region, variant, private; -- IETF tag parts if not is_set (source) then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.missing_lang_tag; end local pattern = { -- table of tables holding acceptable IETF tag patterns and short names of the IETF part captured by the pattern {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 1 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 2 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 3 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 4 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 5 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 6 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 7 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 8 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 9 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 10 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'v'}, -- 11 - ll-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'v'}, -- 12 - ll-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 13 - ll-Ssss-RR {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 14 - ll-Ssss-DDD (region is 3 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)$', 's'}, -- 15 - ll-Ssss {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)$', 'r'}, -- 16 - ll-RR {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)$', 'r'}, -- 17 - ll-DDD (region is 3 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)$'}, -- 18 - ll {'^(%a%a%a?)%-x%-(%w%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?)$', 'p'}, -- 19 - ll-x-pppppppp (private is 1-8 alnum characters) } local t = {}; -- table of captures; serves as a translator between captured IETF tag parts and named variables for i, v in ipairs (pattern) do -- spin through the pattern table looking for a match local c1, c2, c3, c4; -- captures in the 'pattern' from the pattern table go here c1, c2, c3, c4 = source:match (pattern[i][1]); -- one or more captures set if source matches pattern[i]) if c1 then -- c1 always set on match code = c1; -- first capture is always code t = { [pattern[i][2] or 'x'] = c2, -- fill the table of captures with the rest of the captures [pattern[i][3] or 'x'] = c3, -- take index names from pattern table and assign sequential captures [pattern[i][4] or 'x'] = c4, -- index name may be nil in pattern[i] table so "or 'x'" spoofs a name for this index in this table }; script = t.s or ''; -- translate table contents to named variables; region = t.r or ''; -- absent table entries are nil so set named IETF parts to empty string for concatenation variant= t.v or ''; private = t.p or ''; break; -- and done end end if not code then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_tag, {source}); -- don't know what we got but it is malformed end code = code:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not (override_table[code] or lang_table[code] or synonym_table[code] or lang_dep_table[code]) then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_code, {code}); -- invalid language code, don't know about the others (don't care?) end if synonym_table[code] then -- if 639-2/639-2T code has a 639-1 synonym table.insert (maint_cats, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.maint_promo_cat, {code})); table.insert (maint_msgs, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.maint_promo_msg, {code, synonym_table[code]})); code = synonym_table[code]; -- use the synonym end if is_set (script) then if is_set (args_script) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.redundant_scr; -- both code with script and |script= not allowed end else script = args_script or ''; -- use args.script if provided end if is_set (script) then script = script:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not script_table[script] then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_scr_code, {script, code}); -- language code OK, invalid script, don't know about the others (don't care?) end end if suppressed_table[script] then -- ensure that code-script does not use a suppressed script if in_array (code, suppressed_table[script]) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.script_code, {script, code}); -- language code OK, script is suppressed for this code end end if is_set (region) then if is_set (args_region) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.redundant_reg; -- both code with region and |region= not allowed end else region = args_region or ''; -- use args.region if provided end if is_set (region) then region = region:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not region_table[region] then return code, script, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_reg_code, {region, code}); end end if is_set (variant) then if is_set (args_variant) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.redundant_var; -- both code with variant and |variant= not allowed end else variant = args_variant or ''; -- use args.variant if provided end if is_set (variant) then variant = variant:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not variant_table[variant] then -- make sure variant is valid return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var, {variant}); end -- does this duplicate/replace tests in lang() and lang_xx()? if is_set (script) then -- if script set it must be part of the 'prefix' if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', script}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var_code_scr, {variant, code, script}); end elseif is_set (region) then -- if region set, there are some prefixes that require lang code and region (en-CA-newfound) if not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- first see if lang code is all that's required (en-oxendict though en-GB-oxendict is preferred) if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', region}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- now try for lang code and region (en-CA-newfound) return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var_code_reg, {variant, code, region}); end end else -- cheap way to determine if there are prefixes; fonipa and others don't have prefixes; # operator always returns 0 if variant_table[variant]['prefixes'][1] and not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var_code, {variant, code}); end end end if is_set (private) then private = private:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not override_table[table.concat ({code, '-x-', private})] then -- make sure private tag is valid; note that index return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_pri, {private}); end end return code, script, region, variant, private, nil; -- return the good bits; make sure that msg is nil end --[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ W I K I L I N K >---------------------------------------------------- Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only link is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string. ]=] local function make_wikilink (link, display) if is_set (link) then if is_set (display) then return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'}); else return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'}); end else return ''; end end --[[--------------------------< D I V _ M A R K U P _ A D D >-------------------------------------------------- Adds <i> and </i> tags to list-item text or to implied <p>..</p> text. Mixed not supported. ]] local function div_markup_add (text, style) if text:find ('^\n[%*:;#]') then -- look for list markup; list markup must begin at start of text if 'italic' == style then return text:gsub ('(\n[%*:;#]+)([^\n]+)', '%1<i>%2</i>'); -- insert italic markup at each list item else return text; end end if text:find ('\n+') then -- look for any number of \n characters in text text = text:gsub ('([^\n])\n([^\n])', '%1 %2'); -- replace single newline characters with a space character which mimics MediaWiki if 'italic' == style then text = text:gsub('[^\n]+', '<p><i>%1</i></p>'); -- insert p and italic markup tags at each implied p (two or more consecutive '\n\n' sequences) else text = text:gsub ('[^\n]+', '<p>%1</p>'); -- insert p markup at each implied p text = text:gsub ('\n', ''); -- strip newline characters end end return text; end --[[--------------------------< T I T L E _ W R A P P E R _ M A K E >------------------------------------------ Makes a <span title="<title text>"><content_text></span> or <div title="<title text>"><content_text></div> where <title text> is in the tool-tip in the wiki's local language and <content_text> is non-local-language text in HTML markup. This because the lang= attribute applies to the content of its enclosing tag. <tag> holds a string 'div' or 'span' used to choose the correct wrapping tag. ]] local function title_wrapper_make (title_text, content_text, tag) local wrapper_t = {}; table.insert (wrapper_t, table.concat ({'<', tag})); -- open opening wrapper tag table.insert (wrapper_t, ' title=\"'); -- begin title attribute table.insert (wrapper_t, title_text); -- add <title_text> table.insert (wrapper_t, '\">'); -- end title attribute and close opening wrapper tag table.insert (wrapper_t, content_text); -- add <content_text> table.insert (wrapper_t, table.concat ({'</', tag, '>'})); -- add closing wrapper tag return table.concat (wrapper_t); -- make a big string and done end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T E X T _ H T M L >-------------------------------------------------- Add the HTML markup to text according to the type of content that it is: <span> or <i> tags for inline content or <div> tags for block content The lang= attribute also applies to the content of the tag where it is placed so this is wrong because 'Spanish language text' is English: <i lang="es" title="Spanish language text">casa</i> should be: <span title="Spanish language text"><i lang="es">casa</i></span> or for <div>...</div>: <div title="Spanish language text"><div lang="es"><spanish-language-text></div></div> ]] local function make_text_html (code, text, tag, rtl, style, size, language) local html_t = {}; local style_added = ''; local wrapper_tag = tag; -- <tag> gets modified so save a copy for use when/if we create a wrapper span or div if text:match ('^%*') then table.insert (html_t, '&#42;'); -- move proto language text prefix outside of italic markup if any; use numeric entity because plain splat confuses MediaWiki text = text:gsub ('^%*', ''); -- remove the splat from the text end if 'span' == tag then -- default HTML tag for inline content if 'italic' == style then -- but if italic tag = 'i'; -- change to <i> tags end else -- must be div so go text = div_markup_add (text, style); -- handle implied <p>, implied <p> with <i>, and list markup (*;:#) with <i> end table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({'<', tag})); -- open the <i>, <span>, or <div> HTML tag code = code:gsub ('%-x%-.*', ''); -- strip private use subtag from code tag because meaningless outside of Wikipedia table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' lang="', code, '\"'})); -- add language attribute if (rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text)) and ('ltr' == this_wiki_lang_dir) then -- text is right-to-left on a left-to-right wiki table.insert (html_t, ' dir="rtl"'); -- add direction attribute for right-to-left languages elseif not (rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text)) and ('rtl' == this_wiki_lang_dir) then -- text is left-to-right on a right-to-left wiki table.insert (html_t, ' dir="ltr"'); -- add direction attribute for left-to-right languages end if 'normal' == style then -- when |italic=no table.insert (html_t, ' style=\"font-style: normal;'); -- override external markup, if any style_added = '\"'; -- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed end if is_set (size) then -- when |size=<something> if is_set (style_added) then table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' font-size: ', size, ';'})); -- add when style attribute already inserted else table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' style=\"font-size: ', size, ';'})); -- create style attribute style_added = '\"'; -- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed end end table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({style_added, '>'})); -- close the opening HTML tag table.insert (html_t, text); -- insert the text table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({'</', tag, '>'})); -- close the 'text' <i>, <span>, or <div> HTML tag if is_set (language) then -- create a <title_text> string for the title= attribute in a wrapper span or div local title_text; if 'zxx' == code then -- special case for this tag 'no linguistic content' title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', {language, cfg.make_text_html_t.zxx}); -- not a language so don't use 'language' in title text elseif mw.ustring.find (language, 'Rungkun basa', 1, true) then title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', {language, cfg.make_text_html_t.collective}); -- for collective languages else title_text = substitute ('$1-$2', {language, cfg.make_text_html_t.individual}); -- for individual languages end return title_wrapper_make (title_text, table.concat (html_t), wrapper_tag); else return table.concat (html_t); end end --[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y >---------------------------------------------------- For individual language, <language>, returns: [[Kategori:Artikel nu ngandung téks basa <language>]] For English: [[Kategori:Artikel nu ngandung téks basa Inggris nu dikutip sacara éksplisit]] For ISO 639-2 collective languages (and for 639-1 bh): [[Kategori:Artikel kalawan téks dina basa <language>]] ]=] local function make_category (code, language_name, nocat, name_get) if ((0 ~= namespace) or nocat) and not name_get then -- only categorize in article space return ''; -- return empty string for concatenation end if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then return substitute ('[[$1 $2]]', {cfg.make_category_t.collective_cat, language_name}); end if this_wiki_lang_tag == code then return substitute ('[[$1 $2 $3-$4]]', { -- unique category name for the local language cfg.make_category_t.cat_prefix, cfg.make_category_t.explicit_cat, language_name, cfg.make_category_t.cat_postfix, }); else return substitute ('[[$1 $2-$3]]', { -- category for individual languages cfg.make_category_t.cat_prefix, language_name, cfg.make_category_t.cat_postfix, }); end end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T R A N S L I T >---------------------------------------------------- Return translit <i lang=xx-Latn>...</i> where xx is the language code; else return empty string. The value |script= is not used in {{transliteration}} for this purpose; instead it uses |code. Because language scripts are listed in the {{transliteration}} switches they are included in the data tables. The script parameter is introduced at {{Language with name and transliteration}}. If |script= is set, this function uses it in preference to code. To avoid confusion, in this module and the templates that use it, the transliteration script parameter is renamed to be |translit-script= (in this function, tscript). This function is used by both lang_xx() and xlit() lang_xx() always provides code, language_name, and translit; may provide tscript; never provides style xlit() always provides language_name, translit, and one of code or tscript, never both; always provides style For {{transliteration}}, style only applies when a language code is provided. ]] local function make_translit (code, language_name, translit, std, tscript, style, engvar) local title_t = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards local title_text = ''; -- tool tip text for title= attribute std = std and std:lower(); -- lower case for table indexing if not is_set (std) and not is_set (tscript) then -- when neither standard nor script specified title_text = language_name; -- write a generic tool tip if not mw.ustring.find ('Rungkun basa', language_name, 1, true) then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name) title_text = substitute ('$1-$2', {title_text, cfg.misc_text_t.language}); -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only) end title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', {title_text, mw.ustring.lower (cfg.engvar_t[engvar]['romanisz_lc'])}); -- finish the tool tip; use romanization when neither script nor standard supplied elseif is_set (std) and is_set (tscript) then -- when both are specified if title_t[std] then -- and if standard is legitimate if title_t[std][tscript] then -- and if script for that standard is legitimate if script_table[tscript] then title_text = substitute ('$1$2 ($3 $4) $5', { -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip title_text, title_t[std][tscript:lower()], script_table[tscript], cfg.make_translit_t.script, cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration, }); else title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard? end else title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard? end else return ''; -- invalid standard, setup for error message end elseif is_set (std) then -- translit-script not set, use language code if not title_t[std] then return ''; end -- invalid standard, setup for error message if title_t[std][code] then -- if language code is in the table (xlit may not provide a language code) local fmt_str = '$1$2 ($3 $4) $5'; -- generic format string for tool tip if language_name:match ('languages') then fmt_str = '$1$2 ($3) $5'; -- format string for collective languages tool tip end title_text = substitute (fmt_str, { -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip title_text, title_t[std][code:lower()], cfg.misc_text_t.language, language_name, cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration, }); else -- code doesn't match title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- so use the standard's default end else -- here if translit-script set but translit-std not set if title_t['no_std'][tscript] then title_text = title_text .. title_t['no_std'][tscript]; -- use translit-script if set elseif title_t['no_std'][code] then title_text = title_text .. title_t['no_std'][code]; -- use language code else if is_set (tscript) then title_text = substitute ('$1$2-$3 $4', { -- write a script tool tip title_text, language_name, cfg.make_translit_t.script, cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration, }); elseif is_set (code) then if not mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name) title_text = substitute ('$1-$2', { -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only) title_text, cfg.misc_text_t.language, }); end title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', { -- finish the tool tip title_text, cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration, }); else title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', { -- generic tool tip (can we ever get here?) title_text, cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration, }); end end end local tag if is_set (code) then -- when a language code is provided (always with {{lang-??}} templates, not always with {{transliteration}}) code = code:match ('^(%a%a%a?)'); -- strip all subtags leaving only the language subtag if not style then -- nil for the default italic style tag = '<i lang="%s-Latn">%s</i>' else tag = '<span style="font-style: %s" lang="%s-Latn">%s</span>' -- non-standard style, construct a span tag for it tag = string.format(tag, style, "%s", "%s") end tag = string.format(tag, code, "%s") else tag = '<span>%s</span>' -- when no language code: no lang= attribute, not italic ({{transliteration}} only) end tag = string.format(tag, translit) -- add the translit text if '' == title_text then -- when there is no need for a tool-tip return tag; -- done else title_text = cfg.engvar_sel_t.gb == engvar and title_text:gsub ('([Rr]omani)z', '%1s') or title_text; -- gb eng when engvar specifies gb eng; us eng else return title_wrapper_make (title_text, tag, 'span'); -- wrap with a tool-tip span and done end end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ T E X T >---------------------------------------------------- This function checks the content of args.text and returns empty string if nothing is amiss else it returns an error message. The tests are for empty or missing text and for improper or disallowed use of apostrophe markup. Italic rendering is controlled by the |italic= template parameter so italic markup should never appear in args.text either as ''itself'' or as '''''bold italic''''' unless |italic=unset or |italic=invert. ]] local function validate_text (template, args) if not is_set (args.text) then return make_error_msg (cfg.validate_text_t.no_text, args, template); end if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("\'\'\'\'\'[\']+") then -- because we're looking, look for 4 appostrophes or 6+ appostrophes return make_error_msg (cfg.validate_text_t.malformed_markup, args, template); end local italic = args.italic; if (cfg.keywords_t.unset ~= italic) and (cfg.keywords_t.invert ~= italic) then if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") then -- italic but not bold, or bold italic return make_error_msg (cfg.validate_text_t.italic_markup, args, template); end end end --[[--------------------------< R E N D E R _ M A I N T >------------------------------------------------------ Render mainenance messages and categories. ]] local function render_maint (nocat) local maint = {}; if 0 < #maint_msgs then -- when there are maintenance messages table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'<span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">'})); -- opening <span> tag for _, msg in ipairs (maint_msgs) do table.insert (maint, table.concat ({msg, ' '})); -- add message strings end table.insert (maint, '</span>'); -- close the span end if (0 < #maint_cats) and (0 == namespace) and not nocat then -- when there are maintenance categories; article namespace only for _, cat in ipairs (maint_cats) do table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'[[Kategori:', cat, ']]'})); -- format and add the categories end end return table.concat (maint); end --[[--------------------------< P R O T O _ P R E F I X >------------------------------------------------------ For proto languages, text is prefixed with a splat. We do that here as a flag for make_text_html() so that a splat will be rendered outside of italic markup (if used). If the first character in text here is already a splat, we do nothing. proto_param is boolean or nil; true adds splat prefix regardless of language name; false removes and inhibits regardless of language name; nil does nothing; presumes that the value in text is correct but removes extra splac. ]] local function proto_prefix (text, language_name, proto_param) if false == proto_param then -- when forced by |proto=no return text:gsub ('^%**', ''); -- return text without splat prefix regardless of language name or existing splat prefix in text elseif (language_name:find ('^Proto%-') or (true == proto_param)) then -- language is a proto or forced by |proto=yes return text:gsub ('^%**', '*'); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat; also removes duplicate prefixing splats end return text:gsub ('^%*+', '*'); -- return text unmolested except multiple splats reduced to one splat end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ P O E M _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------ Looks for a poem strip marker in text; returns true when found; false else. Auto-italic detection disabled when text has poem stripmarker because it is not possible for this code to know the content that will replace the stripmarker. ]] local function has_poem_tag (text) return text:find ('\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-poem%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127') and true or false; end --[[--------------------------< H T M L _ T A G _ S E L E C T >------------------------------------------------ Inspects content of and selectively trims text. Returns text and the name of an appropriate HTML tag for text. If text contains: \n\n text has implied <p>..</p> tags - trim leading and trailing whitespace and return If text begins with list markup: \n* unordered \n; definition \n: definition \n# ordered trim all leading whitespace except \n and trim all trailing whitespace If text contains <poem>...</poem> stripmarker, return text unmodified and choose <div>..</div> tags because the stripmarker is replaced with text wrapped in <div>..</div> tags. If the text contains any actual <div>...</div> tags, then it's again returned unmodified and <div>...</div> tags are used to wrap it, to prevent div/span inversion. ]] local function html_tag_select (text) local tag; if has_poem_tag (text) then -- contains poem stripmarker (we can't know the content of that) tag = 'div'; -- poem replacement is in div tags so lang must use div tags elseif text:find ('<div') then -- reductive; if the text contains a div tag, we must use div tags tag = 'div'; elseif mw.text.trim (text):find ('\n\n+') then -- contains implied p tags text = mw.text.trim (text); -- trim leading and trailing whitespace characters tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain p tags (added later by MediaWiki); poem replacement is in div tags elseif text:find ('\n[%*:;%#]') then -- if text has list markup text = text:gsub ('^[\t\r\f ]*', ''):gsub ('%s*$', ''); -- trim all whitespace except leading newline character '\n' tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain ul, dd, dl, ol tags (added later by MediaWiki) else text = mw.text.trim (text); -- plain text tag = 'span'; -- so span is fine end return text, tag; end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ P R O T O >-------------------------------------------------- Validates value assigned to |proto=; permitted values are yes and no; yes returns as true, no returns as false, empty string (or parameter omitted) returns as nil; any other value returns nil with <proto_param> as second return value for use in error message. ]] local function validate_proto (proto_param) if cfg.keywords_t.affirmative == proto_param then return true; elseif cfg.keywords_t.negative == proto_param then return false; elseif is_set (proto_param) then return nil, proto_param; -- |proto= something other than 'yes' or 'no' else return nil; -- missing or empty end end --[[--------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ N A M E _ G E T >-------------------------------------------- Common function to return language name from the data set according to IETF tag. Returns language name if found in data tables; nil else. ]] local function language_name_get (ietf, code, cat) ietf = ietf:lower(); -- ietf:lower() because format_ietf_tag() returns mixed case local name; -- remains nil if not found if override_table[ietf] then -- look for whole IETF tag in override table name = override_table[ietf]; elseif override_table[code] then -- not there so try basic language tag name = override_table[code]; elseif lang_table[code] then -- shift to IANA active tag/name table name = lang_table[code]; elseif lang_dep_table[code] then -- try the IANA deprecated tag/name table name = lang_dep_table[code]; end if lang_dep_table[code] and cat then -- because deprecated code may have been overridden to en.wiki preferred name table.insert (maint_cats, substitute (cfg.language_name_get_t.deprecated_cat, {code})); table.insert (maint_msgs, substitute (cfg.language_name_get_t.deprecated_msg, {code})); end return name; -- name from data tables or nil end --[[--------------------------< T E X T _ S C R I P T _ M A T C H _ T E S T >---------------------------------- IETF script subtag should match the script of the <text>. This module does not attempt to know all scripts and what they look like. It does know what Latn script looks like so when <text> is written using other than the Latn script, the IETF script subtag, if present, should not be Latn. Conversely, when <text> is written using the Latn script, the IETF script subtag, if present, should be Latn. For the purposes of this test, Latf (Fraktur) and Latg (Gaelic) are considered to be equivalent to Latn because unicode treats these two scripts as font-specific variants of Latn. Returns an error message when mismatch detected; nil else. ]] local function text_script_match_test (script, is_latn_text, pos, char) local scripts_t = {['latf'] = true, ['latg'] = true, ['latn'] = true}; -- unicode 'latn' scripts; 'latf' and 'latg' are font variants so there are no Fraktur or Gaelic codepoints if is_set (script) then -- don't bother with the rest of this if <script> is nil or empty string script = script:lower(); -- lower case to index into <scripts_t> if is_latn_text then -- when text is wholly Latn script if not scripts_t[script] then -- but a non-Latn script is specified return cfg.text_script_match_test_t.latn_txt_mismatch; -- emit an error message end else -- when text is not wholly Latn script if scripts_t[script] then -- but a Latn script is specified return substitute (cfg.text_script_match_test_t.latn_scr_mismatch, {pos, char}); -- emit an error message with position of first offending character end end end end --[[--------------------------< B I N A R Y _ S E A R C H >--------------------------------------------------- conducts a binary search of <ranges_t> for a sub-range that holds <target>. returns boolean true if a sub-range holding <target> is found; boolean false else. ]] local function binary_search (target, ranges_t) local idx_bot = 1; -- initialize to index of first key local idx_top = sizeof_ranges_t; -- initialize to index of last key (number of keys) if (target < ranges_t[idx_bot][1]) or (target > ranges_t[idx_top][2]) then -- invalid; target out of range return; -- abandon end local idx_mid; -- calculated index of range midway between top index and bottom index local flag = false; -- flag to tell us when we've evaluated last (highest) range in <ranges_t> while 1 do idx_mid = math.ceil ((idx_bot + idx_top) / 2); -- get the mid-point in the <ranges_t> sequence if (target >= ranges_t[idx_mid][1]) and (target <= ranges_t[idx_mid][2]) then -- indexed range low value <= target <= indexed range high value return true; -- we found the range that holds the <target> character; return true elseif (target > ranges_t[idx_mid][2]) then -- is <target> > indexed range high value? idx_bot = idx_mid; -- adjust <idx_bot> up else -- here when <target> less than indexed range low value idx_top = idx_mid - 1; -- adjust <idx_top> down end if flag then break; -- here when we just evaluated the last range and <target> not found end if not flag and (idx_bot == idx_top) then -- set true just before we evaluate the last (highest) range in <ranges_t> flag = true; end end end --[[--------------------------< I S _ L A T I N >-------------------------------------------------------------- compare <text> as codepoints to lists of known codepoints accepted as Latn script returns boolean true and modified <text> when <text> is wrapped in accept-as-written markup returns boolean true and <text> when codepoint is known returns boolean false, <text>, non-Latn codepoint position in <text> (left to right), and the codepoint character when codepoint is not known TODO: when text has accept-as-written markup, return a non-boolean value to indicate that <text> is not wholly latn script? Use that return value to create non-Latn HTML lang= attribute because <text> isn't really latn so lang=und (undetermined)? or instead, omit the -Latn subtag? (without -Latn need to force |italic=yes) ]] local function is_latin (text, tag) local count; text, count = text:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1'); -- remove accept-as-written markup if present if 0 ~= count then return true, text; -- markup present so assume that <text> is Latn-script end local pos = 0; -- position counter for error messaging for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint (text) do -- fetch each code point pos = pos + 1; -- bump the position counter if not is_latn_data.singles_t[codepoint] and -- codepoint not found in the singles list? not binary_search (codepoint, is_latn_data.ranges_t) and -- codepoint not a member of a listed range? not (tag and is_latn_data.specials_t[codepoint] and is_latn_data.specials_t[codepoint][tag]) then -- not a language-specific codepoint? return false, text, pos, mw.ustring.char (codepoint); -- codepoint not known; return false with codepoint position and character representation end end return true, text; -- is known; return <text> end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Entry point for {{lang}}. There should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}} <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang}}</includeonly> Parameters are received from the template's frame (parent frame). ]] local function _lang (args) local out = {}; local language_name; -- used to make category names local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local code; -- the language code local msg; -- for error messages local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html() local template = args.template or cfg.templates_t.lang; maint_cats = {}; -- initialize because when this module required into another module, these only declared once so only initialzed once maint_msgs = {}; validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed if args[1] and args.code then return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {'1', cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.code}), args, template); else args.code = args[1] or args.code; -- prefer args.code end if args[2] and args.text then return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {'2', cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.text}), args, template); else args.text = args[2] or args.text; -- prefer args.text end msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set if is_set (msg) then -- msg is an already-formatted error message return msg; end args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate HTML tag with text trimmed accordingly args.rtl = args.rtl == cfg.keywords_t.affirmative; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag if msg then return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.invalid_proto, {msg}), args, template); end code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code); -- |script=, |region=, |variant= not supported because they should be part of args.code ({{{1}}} in {{lang}}) if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end local is_latn_text, pos, char; is_latn_text, args.text, pos, char= is_latin (args.text, code); -- make a boolean msg = text_script_match_test (subtags.script, is_latn_text, pos, char) if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end if nil == args.style then -- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.style controls if ('latn' == subtags.script) or -- script is latn (this_wiki_lang_tag ~= code and not is_set (subtags.script) and not has_poem_tag (args.text) and is_latn_text) then -- text not this wiki's language, no script specified and not in poem markup but is wholly latn script (auto-italics) args.style = 'italic'; -- DEFAULT for {{lang}} templates is upright; but if latn script set for font-style:italic else args.style = 'inherit'; -- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style end end if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set, override rtl setting if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script else args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script end end args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try IETF tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant if cfg.keywords_t.invert == args.style and 'span' == tag then -- invert only supported for in-line content args.text = invert_italics (args.text) end args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.style, args.size, language_name)); table.insert (out, make_category (code, language_name, args.nocat)); table.insert (out, render_maint (args.nocat)); -- maintenance messages and categories return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done end --[[--------------------------< L A N G >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Entry point for {{lang}}. There should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}} <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang}}</includeonly> Parameters are received from the template's frame (parent frame). ]] local function lang (frame) local args_t = getArgs (frame, { -- this code so that we can detect and handle wiki list markup in text valueFunc = function (key, value) if 2 == key or 'text' == key then -- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space return value; -- return untrimmed 'text' elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace return value; end end return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace end -- end of valueFunc }); args_t.fn = nil; -- unset because not supported but this function might have been called by {{lang|fn=lang|...}} local msg = parameter_validate (args_t, cfg.templates_t.lang); -- verify that all supplied parameters are supported by {{lang-??}} if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args_t, cfg.templates_t.lang); -- when template has unsupported params, abandon with error message end return _lang (args_t); end --[[--------------------------< T R A N S L A T I O N _ M A K E >---------------------------------------------- Stand-alone function to create literal translation of main text. Also used by {{lang-x2}}. ]] local function translation_make (args_t) local translation_t = {', '}; -- initialize output if 'none' ~= args_t.label then -- if we want a label table.insert (translation_t, '<small>'); -- open the <small> HTML tag if cfg.keywords_t.negative == args_t.link then table.insert (translation_t, substitute ('<abbr title="$1">$2</abbr>', {cfg.translation_make_t.lit_xlation, cfg.translation_make_t.lit_abbr})); -- unlinked form else table.insert (translation_t, make_wikilink (cfg.translation_make_t.lit_xlation, cfg.translation_make_t.lit_abbr)); -- linked form end table.insert (translation_t, "&thinsp;</small>"); -- close the <small> HTML tag end table.insert (translation_t, table.concat ({ -- user styling spans match spand from {{gloss}} '<span class="gloss-quot">\'</span>', -- user styling span for quote marks; use HTML entities to avoid wiki markup confusion '<span class="gloss-text">', -- open user styling span for the translation args_t.translation, -- the translation '</span>', -- close user styling span for the translation '<span class="gloss-quot">\'</span>' -- user styling span for quote marks })); return table.concat (translation_t); -- make a big string and done end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X >-------------------------------------------------------------- For the {{lang-??}} templates, the only parameter required to be set in the template is the language code. All other parameters can, usually should, be written in the template call. For {{lang-??}} templates for languages that can have multiple writing systems, it may be appropriate to set |script= as well. For each {{lang-??}} template choose the appropriate entry-point function so that this function knows the default styling that should be applied to text. For normal, upright style: <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit|code=xx}}</includeonly> For italic style: <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic|code=xx}}</includeonly> All other parameters should be received from the template's frame (parent frame) Supported parameters are: |code = (required) the IANA language code |script = IANA script code; especially for use with languages that use multiple writing systems |region = IANA region code |variant = IANA variant code |text = (required) the displayed text in language specified by code |link = boolean false ('no') does not link code-spcified language name to associated language article |rtl = boolean true ('yes') identifies the language specified by code as a right-to-left language |nocat = boolean true ('yes') inhibits normal categorization; error categories are not affected |cat = boolian false ('no') opposite form of |nocat= |italic = boolean true ('yes') renders displayed text in italic font; boolean false ('no') renders displayed text in normal font; not set renders according to initial_style_state |lit = text that is a literal translation of text |label = 'none' to suppress all labeling (language name, 'translit.', 'lit.') any other text replaces language-name label - automatic wikilinking disabled for those {{lang-??}} templates that support transliteration (those templates where |text= is not entirely latn script): |translit = text that is a transliteration of text |translit-std = the standard that applies to the transliteration |translit-script = ISO 15924 script name; falls back to code For {{lang-??}}, the positional parameters are: {{{1}}} text {{{2}}} transliterated text {{{3}}} literal translation text no other positional parameters are allowed ]] local function _lang_xx (args, base_template) -- base_template will be either of 'langx' or 'lang-xx' local out = {}; local language_name; -- used to make display text, article links local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, and variant local code; -- the language code local translit_script_name; -- name associated with IANA (ISO 15924) script code local translit; local msg; -- for error messages local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html() local template = args.template or base_template; maint_cats = {}; -- initialize because when this module required into another module, these only declared once so only initialzed once maint_msgs = {}; local text_idx = (cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 2 or 1; -- for {{langx}} 'text' positional parameter is '2' local translit_idx = (cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 3 or 2; local xlate_idx = (cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 4 or 3; if args[text_idx] and args.text then return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {text_idx, cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.text}), args, template); else args.text = args[text_idx] or args.text; -- prefer positional 'text' parameter end msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set, does not contain italic markup and is protected from improper bolding if is_set (msg) then return msg; end args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate HTML tag with text trimmed accordingly if args[translit_idx] and args.translit then return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {translit_idx, cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.translit}), args, template); else args.translit = args[translit_idx] or args.translit -- prefer positional 'translit' parameter end args.engvar = cfg.engvar_sel_t[args.engvar] or cfg.default_engvar; -- |engvar= when valid; cfg.default_engvar else if args[xlate_idx] and (args.translation or args.lit) then return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_xx_t.conflict_n_lit, {xlate_idx}), args, template); elseif args.translation and args.lit then return make_error_msg (cfg.lang_xx_t.conflict_lit, args, template); else args.translation = args[xlate_idx] or args.translation or args.lit; -- prefer positional 'translation' parameter end if args.links and args.link then return make_error_msg (cfg.lang_xx_t.conflict_link, args, template); else args.link = args.link or args.links; -- prefer args.link end validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed args.rtl = args.rtl == cfg.keywords_t.affirmative; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code, args.script, args.region, args.variant); -- private omitted because private if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end if args.translit then local latn, pos, char; latn, args.translit, pos, char = is_latin (args.translit, (('' ~= subtags.private) and (code .. '-x-' .. subtags.private)) or code); if not latn then return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_xx_t.translit_nonlatn, {pos, char}), args, template); end end local is_latn_text, text, pos, char = is_latin (args.text, code); -- make a boolean args.text = text; -- may have been modified (accept-as-written markup removed) msg = text_script_match_test (subtags.script, is_latn_text, pos, char) if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end if cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template then -- auto-italics for {{langx}} templates; adapted from {{lang}} (no support for poem tag) if nil == args.style then -- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.style controls if ('latn' == subtags.script) or -- script is latn (this_wiki_lang_tag ~= code and not is_set (subtags.script) and is_latn_text) then -- text is not this wiki's language, no script specified and is wholly latn script (auto-italics) args.style = 'italic'; -- set font-style:italic else args.style = 'inherit'; -- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style end end else -- {{lang-xx}} does not do auto italics; retained for those wikis that don't support {{langx}} if nil == args.style then -- args.style controls if is_set (subtags.script) then if 'latn' == subtags.script then args.style = 'italic'; -- |script=Latn; set for font-style:italic else args.style = initial_style_state; -- italic not set; script is not latn; set for font-style:<initial_style_state> end else args.style = initial_style_state; -- here when |italic= and |script= not set; set for font-style:<initial_style_state> end end end if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set override rtl setting if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script else args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script end end args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag if msg then return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.invalid_proto, {args.proto}), args, template); end args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try IETF tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant category_name = language_name; -- category names retain IANA parenthetical diambiguators (if any) language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them if args.label then if 'none' ~= args.label then table.insert (out, table.concat ({args.label, ': '})); -- custom label end else if cfg.keywords_t.negative == args.link then table.insert (out, language_name); -- language name without wikilink else if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name)); -- collective language name uses simple wikilink elseif lang_data.article_name[args.code:lower()] then -- is IETF tag in article name over ride? table.insert (out, make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[args.code:lower()], language_name)); -- language name with wikilink from override data elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then -- is language tag in article override table.insert (out, make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[code], language_name)); -- language name with wikilink from override data else table.insert (out, make_wikilink (substitute ('$1 $2', {cfg.misc_text_t.language, language_name}), language_name)); -- language name with wikilink end end table.insert (out, ': '); -- separator end if cfg.keywords_t.invert == args.italic then args.text = invert_italics (args.text) end args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.style, args.size, ('none' == args.label) and language_name or nil)) if is_set (args.translit) and not is_latn_text then -- transliteration; not supported when args.text is wholly latn text (this is an imperfect test) table.insert (out, ', '); -- comma to separate text from translit if 'none' ~= args.label then table.insert (out, '<small>'); if script_table[args['translit-script']] then -- when |translit-script= is set, try to use the script's name translit_script_name = script_table[args['translit-script']]; else translit_script_name = language_name; -- fall back on language name end local translit_title_obj = mw.title.makeTitle (0, substitute ('$1 $2',{cfg.lang_xx_t.romanization, translit_script_name})); -- make a title object; no engvar, article titles use US spelling if translit_title_obj.exists and (cfg.keywords_t.negative ~= args.link) then table.insert (out, make_wikilink (substitute ('$1 $2', {cfg.lang_xx_t.romanization, translit_script_name or language_name}), substitute ('$1', {cfg.engvar_t[args.engvar]['romanisz_pt']})) .. ':'); -- make a wikilink if there is an article to link to; engvar the display text else table.insert (out, substitute ('$1:', {cfg.engvar_t[args.engvar]['romanisz_pt']})); -- else plain text per engvar end table.insert (out, '&nbsp;</small>'); -- close the small tag end translit = make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.translit, args['translit-std'], args['translit-script'], nil, args.engvar) if is_set (translit) then table.insert (out, translit); else return make_error_msg (substitute ('$1: $2', {cfg.lang_xx_t.invalid_xlit_std, args['translit-std'] or '[missing]'}), args, template); end elseif is_set (args.translit) and is_latn_text then -- when creating a transliteration of Latn script <text> return make_error_msg (cfg.lang_xx_t.xlit_of_latn, args, template); -- emit error message and abandon end if is_set (args.translation) then -- translation (not supported in {{lang}}) table.insert (out, translation_make (args)); end table.insert (out, make_category (code, category_name, args.nocat)); table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat)); -- maintenance messages and categories return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ A R G S _ G E T >---------------------------------------------- Common function to get args table from {{lang-??}} templates. Returns table of args. Text positional parameters are not trimmed here but are selectively trimmed at html_tag_select(). ]] local function lang_xx_args_get (frame, base_template) local args_t = getArgs(frame, { parentFirst= true, -- parameters in the template override parameters set in the {{#invoke:}} valueFunc = function (key, value) if ((cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 2 or 1) == key then -- the 'text' positional parameter; 1 for {{lang-??}}, 2 for {{langx}}; do not trim wite space return value; -- return untrimmed 'text' positional parameter elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace return value; end end return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace end -- end of valueFunc }); return args_t; end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >-------------------------------------------------- Entry point for those {{lang-??}} templates that call lang_xx_italic(). Sets the initial style state to italic. ]] local function lang_xx_italic (frame) local args = lang_xx_args_get (frame, cfg.templates_t.langxx); args.fn = nil; -- unset because not supported but this function might have been called by {{lang|fn=lang_xx_italic|...}} local msg = parameter_validate (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- verify that all supplied parameters are supported by {{lang-??}} if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- when template has unsupported params, abandon with error message end initial_style_state = 'italic'; return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx) .. '[[Kategori:Kaca nu maké citakan Lang-xx]]'; -- temporary category end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------ Entry point from another module. Sets the initial style state to italic. ]] local function _lang_xx_italic (args) initial_style_state = 'italic'; return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >------------------------------------------------ Entry point for those {{lang-??}} templates that call lang_xx_inherit(). Sets the initial style state to inherit. ]] local function lang_xx_inherit (frame) local args = lang_xx_args_get (frame, cfg.templates_t.langxx); args.fn = nil; -- unset because not supported but this function might have been called by {{lang|fn=lang_xx_inherit|...}} local msg = parameter_validate (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- verify that all supplied parameters are supported by {{lang-??}} if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- when template has unsupported params, abandon with error message end initial_style_state = 'inherit'; return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx) .. '[[Kategori:Kaca nu maké citakan Lang-xx]]'; -- temporary category end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >---------------------------------------------- Entry point from another module. Sets the initial style state to inherit. ]] local function _lang_xx_inherit (args) initial_style_state = 'inherit'; return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G X >------------------------------------------------------------------ Entry point from another module. ]] local function _langx (args_t) local langx_data = mw.loadData ('Modul:Lang/langx'); -- get necessary data local rtl_t = langx_data.rtl_t; -- get list of language tags for languages that are rendered right-to-left local link_t = langx_data.link_t; -- get list of language tags for {{lang-??}} templates that set |link=<something> local size_t = langx_data.size_t; -- get list of language tags for {{lang-??}} templates that set |size=<something> local msg = parameter_validate (args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx); end args_t.code = args_t[1] or args_t.code; -- get the language tag; must be {{{1}}} or |code= if not args_t.code then return make_error_msg (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.missing_lang_tag, args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx); end args_t.rtl = args_t.rtl or (rtl_t[args_t.code] and cfg.keywords_t.affirmative); -- prefer |rtl= in template call, use rtl_t else args_t.link = args_t.link or link_t[args_t.code]; -- prefer |link= in template call, use link_t felse args_t.size = args_t.size or size_t[args_t.code]; -- prefer |size= in template call, use size_t else args_t[1] = nil; -- unset to mimic {{lang-??}} templates which set |code=xx local lang_subtag = args_t.code; -- use only the base language subtag for unsupported tag test; some args_t.code are modified by |script= etc return _lang_xx (args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx); end --[[--------------------------< L A N G X >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Entry point for {{langx}}. this function calls _lang_xx() to render non-English text. The {{lang-??}} templates have three positional paramters but {{langx}} has four: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 {{lang-xx |<text> |<xlit> |<xlat> }} {{langx |<tag> |<text> |<xlit> |<xlat> }} The calls to lang_xx_args_get() and _lang_xx() use 'langx' as a flag for those functions to select the proper positional parameters. {{lang-??}} depends on the calling template to select 'inherit' or 'italic' to establish the default rendering. {{langx}} can't do that. The initial version of {{langx}} relied on a list of language tags (inherit_t in ~/langx) scraped from those {{lang-??}} templates that call lang_xx_inherit() to render text in upright font. langx() now uses auto-italics code adapted from {{lang}} (doesn't support poem tags). ]] local function langx (frame) local args_t = lang_xx_args_get (frame, cfg.templates_t.langx); -- get the arguments; 'langx' is the <base_template> used to decide which positional param is 'text', 'translit', 'lit' return _langx (args_t); end --[[--------------------------< _ I S _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------ Returns true when a language name associated with IETF language tag exists; nil else. IETF language tag must be valid. All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-??}} templates are supported by this function. Module entry point from another module. ]] local function _is_ietf_tag (tag) -- entry point when this module is require()d into another local c, s, r, v, p, err; -- code, script, region, variant, private, error message c, s, r, v, p, err = get_ietf_parts (tag); -- disassemble tag into constituent part and validate return ((c and not err) and true) or nil; -- return true when code portion has a value without error message; nil else end --[[--------------------------< I S _ I E T F _ T A G >-------------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}. ]] local function is_ietf_tag (frame) return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs (frame)[1]); -- args[1] is the IETF language tag to be tested; also get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< I S _ I E T F _ T A G _ F R A M E >-------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}; same as is_ietf_tag() except does not get parameters from the parent (template) frame. This function not useful when called by {{lang|fn=is_ietf_tag_frame|<tag>}} because <tag> is in the parent frame. ]] local function is_ietf_tag_frame (frame) return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs (frame, {frameOnly = true,})[1]); -- args[1] is the IETF language tag to be tested; do not get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< _ N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >-------------------------------------------------- Returns language name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else. All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-??}} templates are supported by this function. Set invoke's |link= parameter to yes to get wikilinked version of the language name. Module entry point from another module. ]] local function _name_from_tag (args) local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local raw_code = args[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag local link = cfg.keywords_t.affirmative == args['link']; -- make a boolean local label = args.label; local code; -- the language code local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid local language_name = ''; code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code); if msg then local template = (args['template'] and table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template) return make_error_span (template, msg); end raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private language_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try IETF tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant if 'yes' ~= args.raw then language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them end if link then -- when |link=yes, wikilink the language name if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then language_name = make_wikilink (language_name, label); -- collective language name uses simple wikilink elseif lang_data.article_name[raw_code:lower()] then -- is IETF tag in article name override? language_name = make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[raw_code:lower()], label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink from override data elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then -- is language tag in article name override? language_name = make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[code], label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink from override data else language_name = make_wikilink (substitute ('$1 $2', {cfg.misc_text_t.language, language_name}), label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink end end return language_name; end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >---------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}. ]] local function name_from_tag (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:lang|name_from_tag|<IETF tag>|link=<yes>|template=<template name>}} return _name_from_tag (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< _ T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >-------------------------------------------------- Returns the IETF language tag associated with the language name. Spelling of language name must be correct according to the spelling in the source tables. When a standard language name has a parenthetical disambiguator, that disambiguator must be omitted (they are not present in the data name-to-tag tables). Module entry point from another module. ]] local function _tag_from_name (args) -- entry point from another module local msg; if args[1] and '' ~= args[1] then local data = mw.loadData ('Modul:Lang/tag from name'); -- get the reversed data tables TODO: change when going live local lang = args[1]:lower(); -- allow any-case for the language name (speeling must till be correct) local tag = data.rev_override_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_dep_table[lang]; -- get the code; look first in the override then in the standard if tag then return tag, true; -- language name found so return tag and done; second return used by is_lang_name() else msg = substitute (cfg.tag_from_name_t.lang_not_found, {args[1]}); -- language name not found, error message end else msg = cfg.tag_from_name_t.missing_lang_name; -- language name not found, error message end local template = ''; if args.template and '' ~= args.template then template = table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '}); -- make template name (if provided by the template) end return make_error_span (template, msg); end --[[--------------------------< T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >---------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}. ]] local function tag_from_name (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:lang|tag_from_name|<language name>|link=<yes>|template=<template name>}} local result, _ = _tag_from_name (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame; supress second return used by is_lang_name() return result; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ L A N G _ N A M E >------------------------------------------------------ Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}. ]] local function is_lang_name (frame) local _, result = _tag_from_name (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame; supress second return used by tag_from_name() return result and true or nil; end --[[--------------------------< _ X L I T >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from another module. ]] local function _xlit (args) local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards local language_name; -- language name that matches language code; used for tool tip local translit; -- transliterated text to display local script; -- IANA script local msg; -- for when called functions return an error message local template = args.template or cfg.templates_t.transliteration; maint_cats = {}; -- initialize because when this module required into another module, these only declared once so only initialzed once maint_msgs = {}; if is_set (args[3]) then -- [3] set when {{transliteration|code|standard|text}} args.text = args[3]; -- get the transliterated text args.translit_std = args[2] and args[2]:lower(); -- get the standard; lower case for table indexing if not title_table[args.translit_std] then return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.transl_t.unrecog_xlit_std, {args.translit_std}), args, template); end else if is_set (args[2]) then -- [2] set when {{transliteration|code|text}} args.text = args[2]; -- get the transliterated text else if args[1] and (args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') or -- args[2] missing; is args[1] a language or script tag or is it the transliterated text? args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%-x%-')) then -- or is args[1] a private-use tag return make_error_msg (cfg.transl_t.no_text, args, template); -- args[1] is a code so we're missing text else args.text = args[1]; -- args[1] is not a code so we're missing that; assign args.text for error message return make_error_msg (cfg.transl_t.missing_lang_scr, args, template); end end end if is_set (args[1]) then -- IANA language code used for HTML lang= attribute; or ISO 15924 script code if args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') or args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%-x%-') then -- args[1] has correct form? args.code = args[1]:lower(); -- use the language/script code; only (2, 3, or 4 alpha characters) or private-use; lower case because table indexes are lower case else return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.transl_t.unrecog_lang_scr, {args[1]}), args, template); -- invalid language / script code end else return make_error_msg (cfg.transl_t.missing_lang_scr, args, template); -- missing language / script code so quit end local is_latn_text, pos, char; is_latn_text, args.text, pos, char= is_latin (args.text, args.code); -- is latn text? strip accept-as-written markup if not is_latn_text then -- when text is not latn return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_xx_t.translit_nonlatn, {pos, char}), args, template); -- abandon with error message end msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end if 'italic' == args.style then -- 'italic' when |italic=yes; because that is same as absent or not set and |italic=default args.style = nil; -- set to nil; end args.engvar = cfg.engvar_sel_t[args.engvar] or cfg.default_engvar; -- |engvar= when valid; cfg.default_engvar else if override_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the override table? language_name = override_table[args.code]; args.code = args.code:match ('^%a%a%a?'); -- if private use, strip all but language subtag elseif lang_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the standard language code tables? language_name = lang_table[args.code]; elseif lang_dep_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the deprecated language code tables? language_name = lang_dep_table[args.code]; elseif script_table[args.code] then -- if here, code is not a language code; is it a script code? language_name = script_table[args.code]; script = args.code; -- code was an ISO 15924 script so use that instead args.code = ''; -- unset because not a language code else return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.transl_t.unrecog_lang_scr, {args.code}), args, template); -- invalid language / script code end -- here only when all parameters passed to make_translit() are valid return make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.text, args.translit_std, script, args.style, args.engvar); end --[[--------------------------< X L I T >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}. ]] local function xlit (frame) return _xlit (getArgs(frame)); end --[[--------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >-------------------------------------------- Returns category name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else. All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-??}} templates are supported by this function. Module entry point from another module. ]] local function _category_from_tag (args_t) local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local raw_code = args_t[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag local link = cfg.keywords_t.affirmative == args_t.link; -- make a boolean local label = args_t.label; local code; -- the language code local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid local category_name = ''; code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code); if msg then local template = (args_t.template and table.concat ({'{{', args_t.template, '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template) return make_error_span (template, msg); end raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private category_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try IETF tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant category_name = make_category (code, category_name, nil, true):gsub ('[%[%]]', ''); if link then return table.concat ({'[[:', category_name, ']]'}); else return category_name; end end --[[--------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >-------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}. ]] local function category_from_tag (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:lang|category_from_tag|<IETF tag>|template=<template name>}} return _category_from_tag (getArgs (frame)); -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { category_from_tag = category_from_tag, -- frame entry points when this module is #invoke:ed into templates/wikitext lang = lang, -- entry point for {{lang}} langx = langx, -- entry point for {{langx}} lang_xx_inherit = lang_xx_inherit, -- entry points for {{lang-??}} lang_xx_italic = lang_xx_italic, is_ietf_tag = is_ietf_tag, is_ietf_tag_frame = is_ietf_tag_frame, is_lang_name = is_lang_name, tag_from_name = tag_from_name, -- returns IETF tag associated with language name name_from_tag = name_from_tag, -- used for template documentation; possible use in ISO 639 name from code templates xlit = xlit, -- entry point for {{transliteration}} _category_from_tag = _category_from_tag, -- API entry points when this module is require()d into other modules _lang = _lang, _langx = _langx, _lang_xx_inherit = _lang_xx_inherit, _lang_xx_italic = _lang_xx_italic, _is_ietf_tag = _is_ietf_tag, get_ietf_parts = get_ietf_parts, _tag_from_name = _tag_from_name, _name_from_tag = _name_from_tag, _xlit = _xlit, _translation_make = translation_make, }; qkrx1cyn0vrruguuvhb1o3y1sj0i2e3 0 90659 730038 657741 2026-10-09T07:12:16Z ~2026-54072-23 37532 730038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kotakinfo Kalurahan | nami = Mulyo Asri | peta = | propinsi = Lampung | dati2 = Kabupatén | nami dati2 = Tulang Bawang Barat | nami kacamatan = Tulang Bawang Tengah | kalurahan = Kalurahan | nami lurah = Eko Nurhidayat, S.IP | lega = | pangeusi = | kapadetan = }} '''Mulyo Asri''' nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di [[Tulang Bawang Tengah, Tulang Bawang barat|kacamatan Tulang Bawang Tengah]], [[Kabupatén Tulang Bawang Barat]], [[Propinsi]] [[Lampung]], [[Indonésia]]. <!-- ==Sajarah== ==Profil Pamaréntahan== ==Profil Daérah== ===Wates Wilayah=== ===Géografis=== ===Démografi=== ==Atikan== ==Poténsi== ===Pertanian=== ===Pakebonan=== ==Tumbu Luar== --> {{Tulang Bawang Tengah, Tulang Bawang Barat}} {{Kalurahan-Mulya Asri}} [[Kategori:Kalurahan/désa di Kabupatén Tulang Bawang Barat|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kategori:Kalurahan/désa di Tulang Bawang Tengah, Tulang Bawang Barat|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kategori:Tulang Bawang Tengah, Tulang Bawang Barat|{{PAGENAME}}]] eolrcuq8p9enxunzjy28ja0t44jnewv 828 91033 730024 729968 2026-10-08T17:08:48Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Narjamahkeun basa, teu acan sadayana 730024 Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2026-06-14 local active = { ["aa"] = {"Basa Afar"}, ["ab"] = {"Basa Abkhaz"}, ["ae"] = {"Basa Avestan"}, ["af"] = {"Basa Afrikaans"}, ["ak"] = {"Basa Akan"}, ["am"] = {"Basa Amhar"}, ["an"] = {"Basa Aragon"}, ["ar"] = {"Basa Arab"}, ["as"] = {"Basa Assam"}, ["av"] = {"Basa Avar"}, ["ay"] = {"Basa Aymara"}, ["az"] = {"Basa Azerbaijan"}, ["ba"] = {"Basa Bashkir"}, ["be"] = {"Basa Bélarusia"}, ["bg"] = {"Basa Bulgaria"}, ["bi"] = {"Basa Bislama"}, ["bm"] = {"Basa Bambara"}, ["bn"] = {"Basa Bengali", "Basa Bangla"}, ["bo"] = {"Basa Tibét"}, ["br"] = {"Basa Bréton"}, ["bs"] = {"Basa Bosnia"}, ["ca"] = {"Basa Katalan", "Basa Valensia"}, ["ce"] = {"Basa Chéchnya"}, ["ch"] = {"Basa Chamorro"}, ["co"] = {"Basa Korsika"}, ["cr"] = {"Basa Kree"}, ["cs"] = {"Basa Céko"}, ["cu"] = {"Basa Slavonik Garéjawi", "Slavonik Garéjawi", "Basa Bulgaria Kuna", "Basa Slavonik Garéjawi Kuna", "Basa Slavonik Kuna"}, ["cv"] = {"Basa Chuvash"}, ["cy"] = {"Basa Wales"}, ["da"] = {"Basa Dénmark"}, ["de"] = {"Basa Jérman"}, ["dv"] = {"Basa Dhivehi", "Basa Divehi", "Basa Maldéwa"}, ["dz"] = {"Basa Dzongkha"}, ["ee"] = {"Basa Ewe"}, ["el"] = {"Basa Yunani Modérn (1453-)"}, ["en"] = {"Basa Inggris"}, ["eo"] = {"Basa Ésperanto"}, ["es"] = {"Basa Spanyol", "Basa Kastilia"}, ["et"] = {"Basa Éstonia"}, ["eu"] = {"Basa Baska"}, ["fa"] = {"Basa Pérsia"}, ["ff"] = {"Basa Fula"}, ["fi"] = {"Basa Finlandia"}, ["fj"] = {"Basa Fiji"}, ["fo"] = {"Basa Faroe"}, ["fr"] = {"Basa Prancis"}, ["fy"] = {"Basa Frisia Kulon"}, ["ga"] = {"Basa Irlandia"}, ["gd"] = {"Basa Gaélik Skotlandia", "Basa Gaélik"}, ["gl"] = {"Basa Galisia"}, ["gn"] = {"Basa Guarani"}, ["gu"] = {"Basa Gujarat"}, ["gv"] = {"Basa Manx"}, ["ha"] = {"Basa Hausa"}, ["he"] = {"Basa Ibrani"}, ["hi"] = {"Basa Hindi"}, ["ho"] = {"Basa Hiri Motu"}, ["hr"] = {"Basa Kroasia"}, ["ht"] = {"Basa Haiti", "Basa Kréol Haiti"}, ["hu"] = {"Basa Hungaria"}, ["hy"] = {"Basa Arménia"}, ["hz"] = {"Basa Herero"}, ["ia"] = {"Basa Interlingua"}, ["id"] = {"Basa Indonésia"}, ["ie"] = {"Basa Interlingue", "Basa Oksidéntal"}, ["ig"] = {"Basa Igbo"}, ["ii"] = {"Basa Sichuan Yi", "Basa Nuosu"}, ["ik"] = {"Basa Inupiaq"}, ["io"] = {"Basa Ido"}, ["is"] = {"Basa Islandia"}, ["it"] = {"Basa Italia"}, ["iu"] = {"Basa Inuktitut"}, ["ja"] = {"Basa Jepang"}, ["jv"] = {"Basa Jawa"}, ["ka"] = {"Basa Géorgia"}, ["kg"] = {"Basa Kongo"}, ["ki"] = {"Basa Kikuyu", "Basa Gikuyu"}, ["kj"] = {"Basa Kuanyama", "Basa Kwanyama"}, ["kk"] = {"Basa Kazakh"}, ["kl"] = {"Basa Kalaallisut", "Basa Greenland"}, ["km"] = {"Basa Khmer", "Basa Khmer Tengah"}, ["kn"] = {"Basa Kannada"}, ["ko"] = {"Basa Koréa"}, ["kr"] = {"Basa Kanuri"}, ["ks"] = {"Basa Kashmir"}, ["ku"] = {"Basa Kurdi"}, ["kv"] = {"Basa Komi"}, ["kw"] = {"Basa Kernowek"}, ["ky"] = {"Basa Kirgiz"}, ["la"] = {"Basa Latin"}, ["lb"] = {"Basa Luksemburg"}, ["lg"] = {"Basa Ganda", "Basa Luganda"}, ["li"] = {"Basa Limburg"}, ["ln"] = {"Basa Lingala"}, ["lo"] = {"Basa Lao"}, ["lt"] = {"Basa Lituania"}, ["lu"] = {"Basa Luba Katanga"}, ["lv"] = {"Basa Latvia"}, ["mg"] = {"Basa Malagasi"}, ["mh"] = {"Basa Marshall"}, ["mi"] = {"Basa Maori"}, ["mk"] = {"Basa Makédonia"}, ["ml"] = {"Basa Malayalam"}, ["mn"] = {"Basa Mongolia"}, ["mr"] = {"Basa Marathi"}, ["ms"] = {"Basa Malayu"}, ["mt"] = {"Basa Malta"}, ["my"] = {"Basa Burma"}, ["na"] = {"Basa Nauru"}, ["nb"] = {"Basa Norwégia Bokmål"}, ["nd"] = {"Basa Ndebele Kalér"}, ["ne"] = {"Basa Népal"}, ["ng"] = {"Basa Ndonga"}, ["nl"] = {"Basa Walanda", "Basa Flemish"}, ["nn"] = {"Basa Norwégia Nynorsk"}, ["no"] = {"Basa Norwégia"}, ["nr"] = {"Basa Ndebele Kidul"}, ["nv"] = {"Basa Navajo", "Basa Navaho"}, ["ny"] = {"Basa Chichewa", "Basa Chewa", "Basa Nyanja"}, ["oc"] = {"Basa Oksitan"}, ["oj"] = {"Basa Ojibwe"}, ["om"] = {"Basa Oromo"}, ["or"] = {"Basa Oriya", "Odia"}, ["os"] = {"Basa Ossétia Iron", "Basa Iron", "Basa Ossétia"}, ["pa"] = {"Basa Punjab", "Basa Panjab"}, ["pi"] = {"Basa Pali"}, ["pl"] = {"Basa Polandia"}, ["ps"] = {"Basa Pushto", "Basa Pashto"}, ["pt"] = {"Basa Portugis"}, ["qu"] = {"Basa Quechua"}, ["rm"] = {"Basa Romansh"}, ["rn"] = {"Basa Rundi"}, ["ro"] = {"Basa Romania", "Basa Moldavia", "Basa Moldova"}, ["ru"] = {"Basa Rusia"}, ["rw"] = {"Basa Kinyarwanda"}, ["sa"] = {"Basa Sangsekerta"}, ["sc"] = {"Basa Sardinia"}, ["sd"] = {"Basa Sindh"}, ["se"] = {"Basa Sami Kalér"}, ["sg"] = {"Basa Sango"}, ["sh"] = {"Basa Sérbo-Kroasia"}, ["si"] = {"Basa Sinhala"}, ["sk"] = {"Basa Slovakia"}, ["sl"] = {"Basa Slovénia"}, ["sm"] = {"Basa Samoa"}, ["sn"] = {"Basa Shona"}, ["so"] = {"Basa Somali"}, ["sq"] = {"Basa Albania"}, ["sr"] = {"Basa Sérbia"}, ["ss"] = {"Basa Swati"}, ["st"] = {"Basa Sotho Kidul"}, ["su"] = {"Basa Sunda"}, ["sv"] = {"Basa Swédia"}, ["sw"] = {"Basa Swahili"}, ["ta"] = {"Basa Tamil"}, ["te"] = {"Basa Telugu"}, ["tg"] = {"Basa Tajik"}, ["th"] = {"Basa Thai"}, ["ti"] = {"Basa Tigrinya"}, ["tk"] = {"Basa Turkmén"}, ["tl"] = {"Basa Tagalog"}, ["tn"] = {"Basa Tswana"}, ["to"] = {"Basa Tonga"}, ["tr"] = {"Basa Turki"}, ["ts"] = {"Basa Tsonga"}, ["tt"] = {"Basa Tatar"}, ["tw"] = {"Basa Twi"}, ["ty"] = {"Basa Tahiti"}, ["ug"] = {"Basa Uighur", "Basa Uyghur"}, ["uk"] = {"Basa Ukraina"}, ["ur"] = {"Basa Urdu"}, ["uz"] = {"Basa Uzbék"}, ["ve"] = {"Basa Vénda"}, ["vi"] = {"Basa Viétnam"}, ["vo"] = {"Basa Volapük"}, ["wa"] = {"Basa Walonia"}, ["wo"] = {"Basa Wolof"}, ["xh"] = {"Basa Xhosa"}, ["yi"] = {"Basa Yiddi"}, ["yo"] = {"Basa Yoruba"}, ["za"] = {"Basa Zhuang", "Basa Chuang"}, ["zh"] = {"Basa Tionghoa"}, ["zu"] = {"Basa Zulu"}, ["aaa"] = {"Basa Ghotuo"}, ["aab"] = {"Basa Alumu-Tesu"}, ["aac"] = {"Basa Ari"}, ["aad"] = {"Basa Amal"}, ["aae"] = {"Basa Arbëreshë Albanian"}, ["aaf"] = {"Basa Aranadan"}, ["aag"] = {"Basa Ambrak"}, ["aah"] = {"Basa Abu' Arapesh"}, ["aai"] = {"Basa Arifama-Miniafia"}, ["aak"] = {"Basa Ankave"}, ["aal"] = {"Basa Afade"}, ["aan"] = {"Basa Anambé"}, ["aao"] = {"Basa Arab Sahara Aljazair"}, ["aap"] = {"Basa Pará Arára"}, ["aaq"] = {"Basa Eastern Abnaki"}, ["aas"] = {"Basa Aasáx"}, ["aat"] = {"Basa Arvanitika Albanian"}, ["aau"] = {"Basa Abau"}, ["aav"] = {"Rungkun basa Austro-Asia"}, ["aaw"] = {"Basa Solong"}, ["aax"] = {"Basa Mandobo Atas"}, ["aaz"] = {"Basa Amarasi"}, ["aba"] = {"Basa Abé"}, ["abb"] = {"Basa Bankon"}, ["abc"] = {"Basa Ambala Ayta"}, ["abd"] = {"Basa Manide"}, ["abe"] = {"Basa Western Abnaki"}, ["abf"] = {"Basa Abai Sungai"}, ["abg"] = {"Basa Abaga"}, ["abh"] = {"Basa Arab Tajik"}, ["abi"] = {"Basa Abidji"}, ["abj"] = {"Basa Aka-Bea"}, ["abl"] = {"Basa Lampung Nyo"}, ["abm"] = {"Basa Abanyom"}, ["abn"] = {"Basa Abua"}, ["abo"] = {"Basa Abon"}, ["abp"] = {"Basa Abellen Ayta"}, ["abq"] = {"Basa Abaza"}, ["abr"] = {"Basa Abron"}, ["abs"] = {"Basa Ambonese Malay"}, ["abt"] = {"Basa Ambulas"}, ["abu"] = {"Basa Abure"}, ["abv"] = {"Basa Arab Bahrain"}, ["abw"] = {"Basa Pal"}, ["abx"] = {"Basa Inabaknon"}, ["aby"] = {"Basa Aneme Wake"}, ["abz"] = {"Basa Abui"}, ["aca"] = {"Basa Achagua"}, ["acb"] = {"Basa Áncá"}, ["acd"] = {"Basa Gikyode"}, ["ace"] = {"Basa Achinese"}, ["acf"] = {"Basa Saint Lucian Creole French"}, ["ach"] = {"Basa Acoli"}, ["aci"] = {"Basa Aka-Cari"}, ["ack"] = {"Basa Aka-Kora"}, ["acl"] = {"Basa Akar-Bale"}, ["acm"] = {"Basa Arab Mésopotamia"}, ["acn"] = {"Basa Achang"}, ["acp"] = {"Basa Eastern Acipa"}, ["acq"] = {"Basa Arab Taiz-Aden"}, ["acr"] = {"Basa Achi"}, ["acs"] = {"Basa Acroá"}, ["act"] = {"Basa Achterhoeks"}, ["acu"] = {"Basa Achuar-Shiwiar"}, ["acv"] = {"Basa Achumawi"}, ["acw"] = {"Basa Arab Hijaz"}, ["acx"] = {"Basa Arab Oman"}, ["acy"] = {"Basa Arab Siprus"}, ["acz"] = {"Basa Acheron"}, ["ada"] = {"Basa Adangme"}, ["adb"] = {"Basa Atauran"}, ["add"] = {"Basa Lidzonka", "Dzodinka"}, ["ade"] = {"Basa Adele"}, ["adf"] = {"Basa Arab Dhofar"}, ["adg"] = {"Basa Andegerebinha"}, ["adh"] = {"Basa Adhola"}, ["adi"] = {"Basa Adi"}, ["adj"] = {"Basa Adioukrou"}, ["adl"] = {"Basa Galo"}, ["adn"] = {"Basa Adang"}, ["ado"] = {"Basa Abu"}, ["adq"] = {"Basa Adangbe"}, ["adr"] = {"Basa Adonara"}, ["ads"] = {"Basa Isarat Adamorobe"}, ["adt"] = {"Basa Adnyamathanha"}, ["adu"] = {"Basa Aduge"}, ["adw"] = {"Basa Amundava"}, ["adx"] = {"Basa Amdo Tibetan"}, ["ady"] = {"Basa Adyghe", "Basa Adygei"}, ["adz"] = {"Basa Adzera"}, ["aea"] = {"Basa Areba"}, ["aeb"] = {"Basa Arab Tunisia"}, ["aec"] = {"Basa Aran Sa'idi"}, ["aed"] = {"Basa Isarat Argéntina"}, ["aee"] = {"Basa Northeast Pashai", "Northeast Pashayi"}, ["aek"] = {"Basa Haeke"}, ["ael"] = {"Basa Ambele"}, ["aem"] = {"Basa Arem"}, ["aen"] = {"Basa Isarat Arménia"}, ["aeq"] = {"Basa Aer"}, ["aer"] = {"Basa Eastern Arrernte"}, ["aes"] = {"Basa Alsea"}, ["aeu"] = {"Basa Akeu"}, ["aew"] = {"Basa Ambakich"}, ["aey"] = {"Basa Amele"}, ["aez"] = {"Basa Aeka"}, ["afa"] = {"Rungkun basa Afro-Asia"}, ["afb"] = {"Basa Arab Teluk"}, ["afd"] = {"Basa Andai"}, ["afe"] = {"Basa Putukwam"}, ["afg"] = {"Basa Isarat Apganistan"}, ["afh"] = {"Basa Afrihili"}, ["afi"] = {"Basa Akrukay", "Basa Chini"}, ["afk"] = {"Basa Nanubae"}, ["afn"] = {"Basa Defaka"}, ["afo"] = {"Basa Eloyi"}, ["afp"] = {"Basa Tapei"}, ["afs"] = {"Basa Afro-Seminole Creole"}, ["aft"] = {"Basa Afitti"}, ["afu"] = {"Basa Awutu"}, ["afz"] = {"Basa Obokuitai"}, ["aga"] = {"Basa Aguano"}, ["agb"] = {"Basa Legbo"}, ["agc"] = {"Basa Agatu"}, ["agd"] = {"Basa Agarabi"}, ["age"] = {"Basa Angal"}, ["agf"] = {"Basa Arguni"}, ["agg"] = {"Basa Angor"}, ["agh"] = {"Basa Ngelima"}, ["agi"] = {"Basa Agariya"}, ["agj"] = {"Basa Argobba"}, ["agk"] = {"Basa Isarog Agta"}, ["agl"] = {"Basa Fembe"}, ["agm"] = {"Basa Angaataha"}, ["agn"] = {"Basa Agutaynen"}, ["ago"] = {"Basa Tainae"}, ["agq"] = {"Basa Aghem"}, ["agr"] = {"Basa Aguaruna"}, ["ags"] = {"Basa Esimbi"}, ["agt"] = {"Basa Central Cagayan Agta"}, ["agu"] = {"Basa Aguacateco"}, ["agv"] = {"Basa Remontado Dumagat"}, ["agw"] = {"Basa Kahua"}, ["agx"] = {"Basa Aghul"}, ["agy"] = {"Basa Southern Alta"}, ["agz"] = {"Basa Mt. Iriga Agta"}, ["aha"] = {"Basa Ahanta"}, ["ahb"] = {"Basa Axamb"}, ["ahg"] = {"Basa Qimant"}, ["ahh"] = {"Basa Aghu"}, ["ahi"] = {"Basa Tiagbamrin Aizi"}, ["ahk"] = {"Basa Akha"}, ["ahl"] = {"Basa Igo"}, ["ahm"] = {"Basa Mobumrin Aizi"}, ["ahn"] = {"Basa Àhàn"}, ["aho"] = {"Basa Ahom"}, ["ahp"] = {"Basa Aproumu Aizi"}, ["ahr"] = {"Basa Ahirani"}, ["ahs"] = {"Basa Ashe"}, ["aht"] = {"Basa Ahtena"}, ["aia"] = {"Basa Arosi"}, ["aib"] = {"Basa Ainu (China)"}, ["aic"] = {"Basa Ainbai"}, ["aid"] = {"Basa Alngith"}, ["aie"] = {"Basa Amara"}, ["aif"] = {"Basa Agi"}, ["aig"] = {"Basa Antigua and Barbuda Creole English"}, ["aih"] = {"Basa Ai-Cham"}, ["aii"] = {"Basa Assyrian Neo-Aramaic"}, ["aij"] = {"Basa Lishanid Noshan"}, ["aik"] = {"Basa Ake"}, ["ail"] = {"Basa Aimele"}, ["aim"] = {"Basa Aimol"}, ["ain"] = {"Basa Ainu (Japan)"}, ["aio"] = {"Basa Aiton"}, ["aip"] = {"Basa Burumakok"}, ["aiq"] = {"Basa Aimaq"}, ["air"] = {"Basa Airoran"}, ["ait"] = {"Basa Arikem"}, ["aiw"] = {"Basa Aari"}, ["aix"] = {"Basa Aighon"}, ["aiy"] = {"Basa Ali"}, ["aja"] = {"Basa Aja (Sudan Kidul)"}, ["ajg"] = {"Basa Aja (Bénin)"}, ["aji"] = {"Basa Ajië"}, ["ajn"] = {"Basa Andajin"}, ["ajs"] = {"Basa Isarat Yahudi Aljazair"}, ["aju"] = {"Basa Arab Yahudi Maroko"}, ["ajw"] = {"Basa Ajawa"}, ["ajz"] = {"Basa Amri Karbi"}, ["akb"] = {"Basa Batak Angkola"}, ["akc"] = {"Basa Mpur"}, ["akd"] = {"Basa Ukpet-Ehom"}, ["ake"] = {"Basa Akawaio"}, ["akf"] = {"Basa Akpa"}, ["akg"] = {"Basa Anakalangu"}, ["akh"] = {"Basa Angal Heneng"}, ["aki"] = {"Basa Aiome"}, ["akj"] = {"Basa Aka-Jeru"}, ["akk"] = {"Basa Akkadian"}, ["akl"] = {"Basa Aklanon"}, ["akm"] = {"Basa Aka-Bo"}, ["ako"] = {"Basa Akurio"}, ["akp"] = {"Basa Siwu"}, ["akq"] = {"Basa Ak"}, ["akr"] = {"Basa Araki"}, ["aks"] = {"Basa Akaselem"}, ["akt"] = {"Basa Akolet"}, ["aku"] = {"Basa Akum"}, ["akv"] = {"Basa Akhvakh"}, ["akw"] = {"Basa Akwa"}, ["akx"] = {"Basa Aka-Kede"}, ["aky"] = {"Basa Aka-Kol"}, ["akz"] = {"Basa Alabama"}, ["ala"] = {"Basa Alago"}, ["alc"] = {"Basa Qawasqar"}, ["ald"] = {"Basa Alladian"}, ["ale"] = {"Basa Aleut"}, ["alf"] = {"Basa Alege"}, ["alg"] = {"Rungkun basa Algonquian"}, ["alh"] = {"Basa Alawa"}, ["ali"] = {"Basa Amaimon"}, ["alj"] = {"Basa Alangan"}, ["alk"] = {"Basa Alak"}, ["all"] = {"Basa Allar"}, ["alm"] = {"Basa Amblong"}, ["aln"] = {"Basa Gheg Albanian"}, ["alo"] = {"Basa Larike-Wakasihu"}, ["alp"] = {"Basa Alune"}, ["alq"] = {"Basa Algonquin"}, ["alr"] = {"Basa Alutor"}, ["als"] = {"Basa Tosk Albanian"}, ["alt"] = {"Basa Southern Altai"}, ["alu"] = {"Basa 'Are'are"}, ["alv"] = {"Rungkun basa Atlantik-Kongo"}, ["alw"] = {"Basa Alaba-K’abeena", "Wanbasana"}, ["alx"] = {"Basa Amol"}, ["aly"] = {"Basa Alyawarr"}, ["alz"] = {"Basa Alur"}, ["ama"] = {"Basa Amanayé"}, ["amb"] = {"Basa Ambo"}, ["amc"] = {"Basa Amahuaca"}, ["ame"] = {"Basa Yanesha'"}, ["amf"] = {"Basa Hamer-Banna"}, ["amg"] = {"Basa Amurdak"}, ["ami"] = {"Basa Amis"}, ["amj"] = {"Basa Amdang"}, ["amk"] = {"Basa Ambai"}, ["aml"] = {"Basa War-Jaintia"}, ["amm"] = {"Basa Ama (Papua Nugini)"}, ["amn"] = {"Basa Amanab"}, ["amo"] = {"Basa Amo"}, ["amp"] = {"Basa Alamblak"}, ["amq"] = {"Basa Amahai"}, ["amr"] = {"Basa Amarakaeri"}, ["ams"] = {"Basa Southern Amami-Oshima"}, ["amt"] = {"Basa Amto"}, ["amu"] = {"Basa Guerrero Amuzgo"}, ["amv"] = {"Basa Ambelau"}, ["amw"] = {"Basa Western Neo-Aramaic"}, ["amx"] = {"Basa Anmatyerre"}, ["amy"] = {"Basa Ami"}, ["amz"] = {"Basa Atampaya"}, ["ana"] = {"Basa Andaqui"}, ["anb"] = {"Basa Andoa"}, ["anc"] = {"Basa Ngas"}, ["and"] = {"Basa Ansus"}, ["ane"] = {"Basa Xârâcùù"}, ["anf"] = {"Basa Animere"}, ["ang"] = {"Basa Old English (ca. 450-1100)"}, ["anh"] = {"Basa Nend"}, ["ani"] = {"Basa Andi"}, ["anj"] = {"Basa Anor"}, ["ank"] = {"Basa Goemai"}, ["anl"] = {"Basa Anu-Hkongso Chin"}, ["anm"] = {"Basa Anal"}, ["ann"] = {"Basa Obolo"}, ["ano"] = {"Basa Andoque"}, ["anp"] = {"Basa Angika"}, ["anq"] = {"Basa Jarawa (India)"}, ["anr"] = {"Basa Andh"}, ["ans"] = {"Basa Anserma"}, ["ant"] = {"Basa Antakarinya", "Antikarinya"}, ["anu"] = {"Basa Anuak"}, ["anv"] = {"Basa Denya"}, ["anw"] = {"Basa Anaang"}, ["anx"] = {"Basa Andra-Hus"}, ["any"] = {"Basa Anyin"}, ["anz"] = {"Basa Anem"}, ["aoa"] = {"Basa Angolar"}, ["aob"] = {"Basa Abom"}, ["aoc"] = {"Basa Pemon"}, ["aod"] = {"Basa Andarum"}, ["aoe"] = {"Basa Angal Enen"}, ["aof"] = {"Basa Bragat"}, ["aog"] = {"Basa Angoram"}, ["aoi"] = {"Basa Anindilyakwa"}, ["aoj"] = {"Basa Mufian"}, ["aok"] = {"Basa Arhö"}, ["aol"] = {"Basa Alor"}, ["aom"] = {"Basa Ömie"}, ["aon"] = {"Basa Bumbita Arapesh"}, ["aor"] = {"Basa Aore"}, ["aos"] = {"Basa Taikat"}, ["aot"] = {"Basa Atong (India)", "A'tong"}, ["aou"] = {"Basa A'ou"}, ["aox"] = {"Basa Atorada"}, ["aoz"] = {"Basa Uab Meto"}, ["apa"] = {"Rungkun basa Apache"}, ["apb"] = {"Basa Sa'a"}, ["apc"] = {"Basa Arab Levant"}, ["apd"] = {"Basa Arab Sudan"}, ["ape"] = {"Basa Bukiyip"}, ["apf"] = {"Basa Pahanan Agta"}, ["apg"] = {"Basa Ampanang"}, ["aph"] = {"Basa Athpariya"}, ["api"] = {"Basa Apiaká"}, ["apj"] = {"Basa Jicarilla Apache"}, ["apk"] = {"Basa Kiowa Apache"}, ["apl"] = {"Basa Lipan Apache"}, ["apm"] = {"Basa Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache"}, ["apn"] = {"Basa Apinayé"}, ["apo"] = {"Basa Ambul"}, ["app"] = {"Basa Apma"}, ["apq"] = {"Basa A-Pucikwar"}, ["apr"] = {"Basa Arop-Lokep"}, ["aps"] = {"Basa Arop-Sissano"}, ["apt"] = {"Basa Apatani"}, ["apu"] = {"Basa Apurinã"}, ["apv"] = {"Basa Alapmunte"}, ["apw"] = {"Basa Western Apache"}, ["apx"] = {"Basa Aputai"}, ["apy"] = {"Basa Apalaí"}, ["apz"] = {"Basa Safeyoka"}, ["aqa"] = {"Rungkun basa Alacalufan"}, ["aqc"] = {"Basa Archi"}, ["aqd"] = {"Basa Ampari Dogon"}, ["aqg"] = {"Basa Arigidi"}, ["aqk"] = {"Basa Aninka"}, ["aql"] = {"Rungkun basa Algik"}, ["aqm"] = {"Basa Atohwaim"}, ["aqn"] = {"Basa Northern Alta"}, ["aqp"] = {"Basa Atakapa"}, ["aqr"] = {"Basa Arhâ"}, ["aqt"] = {"Basa Angaité"}, ["aqz"] = {"Basa Akuntsu"}, ["arb"] = {"Basa Arab Baku"}, ["arc"] = {"Basa Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE)", "Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)"}, ["ard"] = {"Basa Arabana"}, ["are"] = {"Basa Western Arrarnta"}, ["arh"] = {"Basa Arhuaco"}, ["ari"] = {"Basa Arikara"}, ["arj"] = {"Basa Arapaso"}, ["ark"] = {"Basa Arikapú"}, ["arl"] = {"Basa Arabela"}, ["arn"] = {"Basa Mapudungun", "Mapuche"}, ["aro"] = {"Basa Araona"}, ["arp"] = {"Basa Arapaho"}, ["arq"] = {"Basa Arab Aljazair"}, ["arr"] = {"Basa Karo (Brasil)"}, ["ars"] = {"Basa Arab Najd"}, ["art"] = {"Basa buatan"}, ["aru"] = {"Basa Aruá (Amazonas State)", "Arawá"}, ["arv"] = {"Basa Arbore"}, ["arw"] = {"Basa Arawak"}, ["arx"] = {"Basa Aruá (Rodonia State)"}, ["ary"] = {"Basa Arab Maroko"}, ["arz"] = {"Basa Arab Mesir"}, ["asa"] = {"Basa Asu (Tanzania)"}, ["asb"] = {"Basa Assiniboine", "Basa Nakoda Assiniboine"}, ["asc"] = {"Basa Casuarina Coast Asmat"}, ["ase"] = {"Basa Isarat Amérika"}, ["asf"] = {"Basa Auslan", "Basa Isarat Australia"}, ["asg"] = {"Basa Cishingini"}, ["ash"] = {"Basa Abishira"}, ["asi"] = {"Basa Buruwai"}, ["asj"] = {"Basa Sari"}, ["ask"] = {"Basa Ashkun"}, ["asl"] = {"Basa Asilulu"}, ["asn"] = {"Basa Xingú Asuriní"}, ["aso"] = {"Basa Dano"}, ["asp"] = {"Basa Basa Isarat Aljazair"}, ["asq"] = {"Basa Isarat Austria"}, ["asr"] = {"Basa Asuri"}, ["ass"] = {"Basa Ipulo"}, ["ast"] = {"Basa Asturia", "Basa Astur-León", "Basa Bable", "Basa León"}, ["asu"] = {"Basa Tocantins Asurini"}, ["asv"] = {"Basa Asoa"}, ["asw"] = {"Basa Isarat Aborigin Australia"}, ["asx"] = {"Basa Muratayak"}, ["asy"] = {"Basa Yaosakor Asmat"}, ["asz"] = {"Basa As"}, ["ata"] = {"Basa Pele-Ata"}, ["atb"] = {"Basa Zaiwa"}, ["atc"] = {"Basa Atsahuaca"}, ["atd"] = {"Basa Ata Manobo"}, ["ate"] = {"Basa Atemble"}, ["atg"] = {"Basa Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe"}, ["ath"] = {"Rungkun basa Athabaskan"}, ["ati"] = {"Basa Attié"}, ["atj"] = {"Basa Atikamekw", "Basa Nehirowimowin"}, ["atk"] = {"Basa Ati"}, ["atl"] = {"Basa Mt. Iraya Agta"}, ["atm"] = {"Basa Ata"}, ["atn"] = {"Basa Ashtiani"}, ["ato"] = {"Basa Atong (Kamerun)"}, ["atp"] = {"Basa Pudtol Atta"}, ["atq"] = {"Basa Aralle-Tabulahan"}, ["atr"] = {"Basa Waimiri-Atroari"}, ["ats"] = {"Basa Gros Ventre"}, ["att"] = {"Basa Pamplona Atta"}, ["atu"] = {"Basa Reel"}, ["atv"] = {"Basa Northern Altai"}, ["atw"] = {"Basa Atsugewi"}, ["atx"] = {"Basa Arutani"}, ["aty"] = {"Basa Aneityum"}, ["atz"] = {"Basa Arta"}, ["aua"] = {"Basa Asumboa"}, ["aub"] = {"Basa Alugu"}, ["auc"] = {"Basa Waorani"}, ["aud"] = {"Basa Anuta"}, ["auf"] = {"Basa Arauan"}, ["aug"] = {"Basa Aguna"}, ["auh"] = {"Basa Aushi"}, ["aui"] = {"Basa Anuki"}, ["auj"] = {"Basa Awjilah"}, ["auk"] = {"Basa Heyo"}, ["aul"] = {"Basa Aulua"}, ["aum"] = {"Basa Asu (Nigéria)"}, ["aun"] = {"Basa Molmo One"}, ["auo"] = {"Basa Auyokawa"}, ["aup"] = {"Basa Makayam"}, ["auq"] = {"Basa Anus", "Basa Korur"}, ["aur"] = {"Basa Aruek"}, ["aus"] = {"Basa Australian"}, ["aut"] = {"Basa Austral"}, ["auu"] = {"Basa Auye"}, ["auw"] = {"Basa Awyi"}, ["aux"] = {"Basa Aurá"}, ["auy"] = {"Basa Awiyaana"}, ["auz"] = {"Basa Arab Uzbék"}, ["avb"] = {"Basa Avau"}, ["avd"] = {"Basa Alviri-Vidari"}, ["avi"] = {"Basa Avikam"}, ["avk"] = {"Basa Kotava"}, ["avl"] = {"Basa Arab Bedawi Mesir Wétan"}, ["avm"] = {"Basa Angkamuthi"}, ["avn"] = {"Basa Avatime"}, ["avo"] = {"Basa Agavotaguerra"}, ["avs"] = {"Basa Aushiri"}, ["avt"] = {"Basa Au"}, ["avu"] = {"Basa Avokaya"}, ["avv"] = {"Basa Avá-Canoeiro"}, ["awa"] = {"Basa Awadhi"}, ["awb"] = {"Basa Awa (Papua Nugini)"}, ["awc"] = {"Basa Cicipu"}, ["awd"] = {"Rungkun basa Arawak"}, ["awe"] = {"Basa Awetí"}, ["awg"] = {"Basa Anguthimri"}, ["awh"] = {"Basa Awbono"}, ["awi"] = {"Basa Aekyom"}, ["awk"] = {"Basa Awabakal"}, ["awm"] = {"Basa Arawum"}, ["awn"] = {"Basa Awngi"}, ["awo"] = {"Basa Awak"}, ["awr"] = {"Basa Awera"}, ["aws"] = {"Basa South Awyu"}, ["awt"] = {"Basa Araweté"}, ["awu"] = {"Basa Central Awyu"}, ["awv"] = {"Basa Jair Awyu"}, ["aww"] = {"Basa Awun"}, ["awx"] = {"Basa Awara"}, ["awy"] = {"Basa Edera Awyu"}, ["axb"] = {"Basa Abipon"}, ["axe"] = {"Basa Ayerrerenge"}, ["axg"] = {"Basa Mato Grosso Arára"}, ["axk"] = {"Basa Yaka (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["axl"] = {"Basa Lower Southern Aranda"}, ["axm"] = {"Basa Middle Armenian"}, ["axx"] = {"Basa Xârâgurè"}, ["aya"] = {"Basa Awar"}, ["ayb"] = {"Basa Ayizo Gbe"}, ["ayc"] = {"Basa Southern Aymara"}, ["ayd"] = {"Basa Ayabadhu"}, ["aye"] = {"Basa Ayere"}, ["ayg"] = {"Basa Ginyanga"}, ["ayh"] = {"Basa Arab Hadhrami"}, ["ayi"] = {"Basa Leyigha"}, ["ayk"] = {"Basa Akuku"}, ["ayl"] = {"Basa Arab Libya"}, ["ayn"] = {"Basa Arab Sana'a"}, ["ayo"] = {"Basa Ayoreo"}, ["ayp"] = {"Basa Arab Mésopotamia Kalér"}, ["ayq"] = {"Basa Ayi (Papua Nugini)"}, ["ayr"] = {"Basa Aymara Tengah"}, ["ays"] = {"Basa Sorsogon Ayta"}, ["ayt"] = {"Basa Magbukun Ayta"}, ["ayu"] = {"Basa Ayu"}, ["ayz"] = {"Basa Mai Brat"}, ["aza"] = {"Basa Azha"}, ["azb"] = {"Basa South Azerbaijani"}, ["azc"] = {"Rungkun basa Uto-Aztek"}, ["azd"] = {"Basa Eastern Durango Nahuatl"}, ["azg"] = {"Basa San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo"}, ["azj"] = {"Basa North Azerbaijani"}, ["azm"] = {"Basa Ipalapa Amuzgo"}, ["azn"] = {"Basa Western Durango Nahuatl"}, ["azo"] = {"Basa Awing"}, ["azt"] = {"Basa Faire Atta"}, ["azz"] = {"Basa Highland Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["baa"] = {"Basa Babatana"}, ["bab"] = {"Basa Bainouk-Gunyuño"}, ["bac"] = {"Basa Badui"}, ["bad"] = {"Rungkun basa Banda"}, ["bae"] = {"Basa Baré"}, ["baf"] = {"Basa Nubaca"}, ["bag"] = {"Basa Tuki"}, ["bah"] = {"Basa Inggris Kréol Bahama"}, ["bai"] = {"Rungkun basa Bamileke"}, ["baj"] = {"Basa Barakai"}, ["bal"] = {"Basa Baluchi"}, ["ban"] = {"Basa Balinese"}, ["bao"] = {"Basa Waimaha"}, ["bap"] = {"Basa Bantawa"}, ["bar"] = {"Basa Bavarian"}, ["bas"] = {"Basa Basa (Kamerun)"}, ["bat"] = {"Rungkun basa Baltik"}, ["bau"] = {"Basa Bada (Nigéria)"}, ["bav"] = {"Basa Vengo"}, ["baw"] = {"Basa Bambili-Bambui"}, ["bax"] = {"Basa Bamun"}, ["bay"] = {"Basa Batuley"}, ["bba"] = {"Basa Baatonum"}, ["bbb"] = {"Basa Barai"}, ["bbc"] = {"Basa Batak Toba"}, ["bbd"] = {"Basa Bau"}, ["bbe"] = {"Basa Bangba"}, ["bbf"] = {"Basa Baibai"}, ["bbg"] = {"Basa Barama"}, ["bbh"] = {"Basa Bugan"}, ["bbi"] = {"Basa Barombi"}, ["bbj"] = {"Basa Ghomálá'"}, ["bbk"] = {"Basa Babanki"}, ["bbl"] = {"Basa Bats"}, ["bbm"] = {"Basa Babango"}, ["bbn"] = {"Basa Uneapa"}, ["bbo"] = {"Basa Northern Bobo Madaré", "Konabéré"}, ["bbp"] = {"Basa West Central Banda"}, ["bbq"] = {"Basa Bamali"}, ["bbr"] = {"Basa Girawa"}, ["bbs"] = {"Basa Bakpinka"}, ["bbt"] = {"Basa Mburku"}, ["bbu"] = {"Basa Kulung (Nigéria)"}, ["bbv"] = {"Basa Karnai"}, ["bbw"] = {"Basa Baba"}, ["bbx"] = {"Basa Bubia"}, ["bby"] = {"Basa Befang"}, ["bca"] = {"Basa Central Bai"}, ["bcb"] = {"Basa Bainouk-Samik"}, ["bcc"] = {"Basa Southern Balochi"}, ["bcd"] = {"Basa North Babar"}, ["bce"] = {"Basa Bamenyam"}, ["bcf"] = {"Basa Bamu"}, ["bcg"] = {"Basa Baga Pokur"}, ["bch"] = {"Basa Bariai"}, ["bci"] = {"Basa Baoulé"}, ["bcj"] = {"Basa Bardi"}, ["bck"] = {"Basa Bunuba"}, ["bcl"] = {"Basa Bikol Tengah"}, ["bcm"] = {"Basa Bannoni"}, ["bcn"] = {"Basa Bali (Nigéria)"}, ["bco"] = {"Basa Kaluli"}, ["bcp"] = {"Basa Bali (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["bcq"] = {"Basa Bench"}, ["bcr"] = {"Basa Babine"}, ["bcs"] = {"Basa Kohumono"}, ["bct"] = {"Basa Bendi"}, ["bcu"] = {"Basa Awad Bing"}, ["bcv"] = {"Basa Shoo-Minda-Nye"}, ["bcw"] = {"Basa Bana"}, ["bcy"] = {"Basa Bacama"}, ["bcz"] = {"Basa Bainouk-Gunyaamolo"}, ["bda"] = {"Basa Bayot"}, ["bdb"] = {"Basa Basap"}, ["bdc"] = {"Basa Emberá-Baudó"}, ["bdd"] = {"Basa Bunama"}, ["bde"] = {"Basa Bade"}, ["bdf"] = {"Basa Biage"}, ["bdg"] = {"Basa Bonggi"}, ["bdh"] = {"Basa Baka (Sudan Kidul)"}, ["bdi"] = {"Basa Burun"}, ["bdj"] = {"Basa Bai (Sudan Kidul)", "Basa Bai"}, ["bdk"] = {"Basa Budukh"}, ["bdl"] = {"Basa Bajau Indonésia"}, ["bdm"] = {"Basa Buduma"}, ["bdn"] = {"Basa Baldemu"}, ["bdo"] = {"Basa Morom"}, ["bdp"] = {"Basa Bende"}, ["bdq"] = {"Basa Bahnar"}, ["bdr"] = {"Basa West Coast Bajau"}, ["bds"] = {"Basa Burunge"}, ["bdt"] = {"Basa Bokoto"}, ["bdu"] = {"Basa Oroko"}, ["bdv"] = {"Basa Bodo Parja"}, ["bdw"] = {"Basa Baham"}, ["bdx"] = {"Basa Budong-Budong"}, ["bdy"] = {"Basa Bandjalang"}, ["bdz"] = {"Basa Badeshi"}, ["bea"] = {"Basa Beaver"}, ["beb"] = {"Basa Bebele"}, ["bec"] = {"Basa Iceve-Maci"}, ["bed"] = {"Basa Bedoanas"}, ["bee"] = {"Basa Byangsi"}, ["bef"] = {"Basa Benabena"}, ["beg"] = {"Basa Belait"}, ["beh"] = {"Basa Biali"}, ["bei"] = {"Basa Bekati'"}, ["bej"] = {"Basa Beja", "Bedawiyet"}, ["bek"] = {"Basa Bebeli"}, ["bem"] = {"Basa Bemba (Zambia)"}, ["beo"] = {"Basa Beami"}, ["bep"] = {"Basa Besoa"}, ["beq"] = {"Basa Beembe"}, ["ber"] = {"Rungkun basa Berber"}, ["bes"] = {"Basa Besme"}, ["bet"] = {"Basa Guiberoua Béte"}, ["beu"] = {"Basa Blagar"}, ["bev"] = {"Basa Daloa Bété"}, ["bew"] = {"Basa Betawi"}, ["bex"] = {"Basa Jur Modo"}, ["bey"] = {"Basa Beli (Papua Nugini)"}, ["bez"] = {"Basa Bena (Tanzania)"}, ["bfa"] = {"Basa Bari"}, ["bfb"] = {"Basa Pauri Bareli"}, ["bfc"] = {"Basa Panyi Bai", "Northern Bai"}, ["bfd"] = {"Basa Bafut"}, ["bfe"] = {"Basa Betaf", "Tena"}, ["bff"] = {"Basa Bofi"}, ["bfg"] = {"Basa Busang Kayan"}, ["bfh"] = {"Basa Blafe"}, ["bfi"] = {"Basa Isarat Britania"}, ["bfj"] = {"Basa Bafanji"}, ["bfk"] = {"Basa Isarat Ban Khor"}, ["bfl"] = {"Basa Banda-Ndélé"}, ["bfm"] = {"Basa Mmen"}, ["bfn"] = {"Basa Bunak"}, ["bfo"] = {"Basa Malba Birifor"}, ["bfp"] = {"Basa Beba"}, ["bfq"] = {"Basa Badaga"}, ["bfr"] = {"Basa Bazigar"}, ["bfs"] = {"Basa Southern Bai"}, ["bft"] = {"Basa Balti"}, ["bfu"] = {"Basa Gahri"}, ["bfw"] = {"Basa Bondo"}, ["bfx"] = {"Basa Bantayanon"}, ["bfy"] = {"Basa Bagheli"}, ["bfz"] = {"Basa Mahasu Pahari"}, ["bga"] = {"Basa Gwamhi-Wuri"}, ["bgb"] = {"Basa Bobongko"}, ["bgc"] = {"Basa Haryanvi"}, ["bgd"] = {"Basa Rathwi Bareli"}, ["bge"] = {"Basa Bauria"}, ["bgf"] = {"Basa Bangandu"}, ["bgg"] = {"Basa Bugun"}, ["bgi"] = {"Basa Giangan"}, ["bgj"] = {"Basa Bangolan"}, ["bgk"] = {"Basa Bit", "Buxinhua"}, ["bgl"] = {"Basa Bo (Laos)"}, ["bgn"] = {"Basa Western Balochi"}, ["bgo"] = {"Basa Baga Koga"}, ["bgp"] = {"Basa Eastern Balochi"}, ["bgq"] = {"Basa Bagri"}, ["bgr"] = {"Basa Bawm Chin"}, ["bgs"] = {"Basa Tagabawa"}, ["bgt"] = {"Basa Bughotu"}, ["bgu"] = {"Basa Mbongno"}, ["bgv"] = {"Basa Warkay-Bipim"}, ["bgw"] = {"Basa Bhatri"}, ["bgx"] = {"Basa Balkan Gagauz Turkish"}, ["bgy"] = {"Basa Benggoi"}, ["bgz"] = {"Basa Banggai"}, ["bha"] = {"Basa Bharia"}, ["bhb"] = {"Basa Bhili"}, ["bhc"] = {"Basa Biga"}, ["bhd"] = {"Basa Bhadrawahi"}, ["bhe"] = {"Basa Bhaya"}, ["bhf"] = {"Basa Odiai"}, ["bhg"] = {"Basa Binandere"}, ["bhh"] = {"Basa Bukharic"}, ["bhi"] = {"Basa Bhilali"}, ["bhj"] = {"Basa Bahing"}, ["bhl"] = {"Basa Bimin"}, ["bhm"] = {"Basa Bathari"}, ["bhn"] = {"Basa Bohtan Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bho"] = {"Basa Bhojpuri"}, ["bhp"] = {"Basa Bima"}, ["bhq"] = {"Basa Tukang Besi South"}, ["bhr"] = {"Basa Bara Malagasy"}, ["bhs"] = {"Basa Buwal"}, ["bht"] = {"Basa Bhattiyali"}, ["bhu"] = {"Basa Bhunjia"}, ["bhv"] = {"Basa Bahau"}, ["bhw"] = {"Basa Biak"}, ["bhx"] = {"Basa Bhalay"}, ["bhy"] = {"Basa Bhele"}, ["bhz"] = {"Basa Bada (Indonésia)"}, ["bia"] = {"Basa Badimaya"}, ["bib"] = {"Basa Bissa", "Bisa"}, ["bid"] = {"Basa Bidiyo"}, ["bie"] = {"Basa Bepour"}, ["bif"] = {"Basa Biafada"}, ["big"] = {"Basa Biangai"}, ["bih"] = {"Rungkun basa Bihari"}, ["bik"] = {"Basa Bikol"}, ["bil"] = {"Basa Bile"}, ["bim"] = {"Basa Bimoba"}, ["bin"] = {"Basa Bini", "Edo"}, ["bio"] = {"Basa Nai"}, ["bip"] = {"Basa Bila"}, ["biq"] = {"Basa Bipi"}, ["bir"] = {"Basa Bisorio"}, ["bit"] = {"Basa Berinomo"}, ["biu"] = {"Basa Biete"}, ["biv"] = {"Basa Southern Birifor"}, ["biw"] = {"Basa Kol (Kamerun)"}, ["bix"] = {"Basa Bijori"}, ["biy"] = {"Basa Birhor"}, ["biz"] = {"Basa Baloi"}, ["bja"] = {"Basa Budza"}, ["bjb"] = {"Basa Banggarla"}, ["bjc"] = {"Basa Bariji"}, ["bje"] = {"Basa Biao-Jiao Mien"}, ["bjf"] = {"Basa Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bjg"] = {"Basa Bidyogo"}, ["bjh"] = {"Basa Bahinemo"}, ["bji"] = {"Basa Burji"}, ["bjj"] = {"Basa Kanauji"}, ["bjk"] = {"Basa Barok"}, ["bjl"] = {"Basa Bulu (Papua Nugini)"}, ["bjm"] = {"Basa Bajelani"}, ["bjn"] = {"Basa Banjar"}, ["bjo"] = {"Basa Mid-Southern Banda"}, ["bjp"] = {"Basa Fanamaket"}, ["bjr"] = {"Basa Binumarien"}, ["bjs"] = {"Basa Bajan"}, ["bjt"] = {"Basa Balanta-Ganja"}, ["bju"] = {"Basa Busuu"}, ["bjv"] = {"Basa Bedjond"}, ["bjw"] = {"Basa Bakwé"}, ["bjx"] = {"Basa Banao Itneg"}, ["bjy"] = {"Basa Bayali"}, ["bjz"] = {"Basa Baruga"}, ["bka"] = {"Basa Kyak"}, ["bkc"] = {"Basa Baka (Kamerun)"}, ["bkd"] = {"Basa Binukid", "Talaandig"}, ["bkf"] = {"Basa Beeke"}, ["bkg"] = {"Basa Buraka"}, ["bkh"] = {"Basa Bakoko"}, ["bki"] = {"Basa Baki"}, ["bkj"] = {"Basa Pande"}, ["bkk"] = {"Basa Brokskat"}, ["bkl"] = {"Basa Berik"}, ["bkm"] = {"Basa Kom (Kamerun)"}, ["bkn"] = {"Basa Bukitan"}, ["bko"] = {"Basa Kwa'"}, ["bkp"] = {"Basa Boko (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["bkq"] = {"Basa Bakairí"}, ["bkr"] = {"Basa Bakumpai"}, ["bks"] = {"Basa Northern Sorsoganon"}, ["bkt"] = {"Basa Boloki"}, ["bku"] = {"Basa Buhid"}, ["bkv"] = {"Basa Bekwarra"}, ["bkw"] = {"Basa Bekwel"}, ["bkx"] = {"Basa Baikeno"}, ["bky"] = {"Basa Bokyi"}, ["bkz"] = {"Basa Bungku"}, ["bla"] = {"Basa Siksika"}, ["blb"] = {"Basa Bilua"}, ["blc"] = {"Basa Bella Coola"}, ["bld"] = {"Basa Bolango"}, ["ble"] = {"Basa Balanta-Kentohe"}, ["blf"] = {"Basa Buol"}, ["blh"] = {"Basa Kuwaa"}, ["bli"] = {"Basa Bolia"}, ["blj"] = {"Basa Bolongan"}, ["blk"] = {"Basa Pa'o Karen", "Pa'O"}, ["bll"] = {"Basa Biloxi"}, ["blm"] = {"Basa Beli (Sudan Kidul)"}, ["bln"] = {"Basa Southern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["blo"] = {"Basa Anii"}, ["blp"] = {"Basa Blablanga"}, ["blq"] = {"Basa Baluan-Pam"}, ["blr"] = {"Basa Blang"}, ["bls"] = {"Basa Balaesang"}, ["blt"] = {"Basa Tai Dam"}, ["blv"] = {"Basa Kibala", "Bolo"}, ["blw"] = {"Basa Balangao"}, ["blx"] = {"Basa Mag-Indi Ayta"}, ["bly"] = {"Basa Notre"}, ["blz"] = {"Basa Balantak"}, ["bma"] = {"Basa Lame"}, ["bmb"] = {"Basa Bembe"}, ["bmc"] = {"Basa Biem"}, ["bmd"] = {"Basa Baga Manduri"}, ["bme"] = {"Basa Limassa"}, ["bmf"] = {"Basa Bom-Kim"}, ["bmg"] = {"Basa Bamwe"}, ["bmh"] = {"Basa Kein"}, ["bmi"] = {"Basa Bagirmi"}, ["bmj"] = {"Basa Bote-Majhi"}, ["bmk"] = {"Basa Ghayavi"}, ["bml"] = {"Basa Bomboli"}, ["bmm"] = {"Basa Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bmn"] = {"Basa Bina (Papua Nugini)"}, ["bmo"] = {"Basa Bambalang"}, ["bmp"] = {"Basa Bulgebi"}, ["bmq"] = {"Basa Bomu"}, ["bmr"] = {"Basa Muinane"}, ["bms"] = {"Basa Bilma Kanuri"}, ["bmt"] = {"Basa Biao Mon"}, ["bmu"] = {"Basa Somba-Siawari"}, ["bmv"] = {"Basa Bum"}, ["bmw"] = {"Basa Bomwali"}, ["bmx"] = {"Basa Baimak"}, ["bmz"] = {"Basa Baramu"}, ["bna"] = {"Basa Bonerate"}, ["bnb"] = {"Basa Bookan"}, ["bnc"] = {"Basa Bontok"}, ["bnd"] = {"Basa Banda (Indonésia)"}, ["bne"] = {"Basa Bintauna"}, ["bnf"] = {"Basa Masiwang"}, ["bng"] = {"Basa Benga"}, ["bni"] = {"Basa Bangi"}, ["bnj"] = {"Basa Eastern Tawbuid"}, ["bnk"] = {"Basa Bierebo"}, ["bnl"] = {"Basa Boon"}, ["bnm"] = {"Basa Batanga"}, ["bnn"] = {"Basa Bunun"}, ["bno"] = {"Basa Bantoanon"}, ["bnp"] = {"Basa Bola"}, ["bnq"] = {"Basa Bantik"}, ["bnr"] = {"Basa Butmas-Tur"}, ["bns"] = {"Basa Bundeli"}, ["bnt"] = {"Rungkun basa Bantu"}, ["bnu"] = {"Basa Bentong"}, ["bnv"] = {"Basa Bonerif", "Beneraf", "Edwas"}, ["bnw"] = {"Basa Bisis"}, ["bnx"] = {"Basa Bangubangu"}, ["bny"] = {"Basa Bintulu"}, ["bnz"] = {"Basa Beezen"}, ["boa"] = {"Basa Bora"}, ["bob"] = {"Basa Aweer"}, ["boe"] = {"Basa Mundabli-Mufu"}, ["bof"] = {"Basa Bolon"}, ["bog"] = {"Basa Isarat Bamako"}, ["boh"] = {"Basa Boma"}, ["boi"] = {"Basa Barbareño"}, ["boj"] = {"Basa Anjam"}, ["bok"] = {"Basa Bonjo"}, ["bol"] = {"Basa Bole"}, ["bom"] = {"Basa Berom"}, ["bon"] = {"Basa Bine"}, ["boo"] = {"Basa Tiemacèwè Bozo"}, ["bop"] = {"Basa Bonkiman"}, ["boq"] = {"Basa Bogaya"}, ["bor"] = {"Basa Borôro"}, ["bot"] = {"Basa Bongo"}, ["bou"] = {"Basa Bondei"}, ["bov"] = {"Basa Tuwuli"}, ["bow"] = {"Basa Rema"}, ["box"] = {"Basa Buamu"}, ["boy"] = {"Basa Bodo (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["boz"] = {"Basa Tiéyaxo Bozo"}, ["bpa"] = {"Basa Daakaka"}, ["bpc"] = {"Basa Mbuk"}, ["bpd"] = {"Basa Banda-Banda"}, ["bpe"] = {"Basa Bauni"}, ["bpg"] = {"Basa Bonggo"}, ["bph"] = {"Basa Botlikh"}, ["bpi"] = {"Basa Bagupi"}, ["bpj"] = {"Basa Binji"}, ["bpk"] = {"Basa Orowe", "'Ôrôê"}, ["bpl"] = {"Basa Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin"}, ["bpm"] = {"Basa Biyom"}, ["bpn"] = {"Basa Dzao Min"}, ["bpo"] = {"Basa Anasi"}, ["bpp"] = {"Basa Kaure"}, ["bpq"] = {"Basa Banda Malayu"}, ["bpr"] = {"Basa Koronadal Blaan"}, ["bps"] = {"Basa Sarangani Blaan"}, ["bpt"] = {"Basa Barrow Point"}, ["bpu"] = {"Basa Bongu"}, ["bpv"] = {"Basa Bian Marind"}, ["bpw"] = {"Basa Bo (Papua Nugini)"}, ["bpx"] = {"Basa Palya Bareli"}, ["bpy"] = {"Basa Bishnupriya"}, ["bpz"] = {"Basa Bilba"}, ["bqa"] = {"Basa Tchumbuli"}, ["bqb"] = {"Basa Bagusa"}, ["bqc"] = {"Basa Boko (Bénin)", "Basa Boo"}, ["bqd"] = {"Basa Bung"}, ["bqf"] = {"Basa Baga Kaloum"}, ["bqg"] = {"Basa Bago-Kusuntu"}, ["bqh"] = {"Basa Baima"}, ["bqi"] = {"Basa Bakhtiari"}, ["bqj"] = {"Basa Bandial"}, ["bqk"] = {"Basa Banda-Mbrès"}, ["bql"] = {"Basa Karian", "Bilakura"}, ["bqm"] = {"Basa Wumboko"}, ["bqn"] = {"Basa Isarat Bulgaria"}, ["bqo"] = {"Basa Balo"}, ["bqp"] = {"Basa Busa"}, ["bqq"] = {"Basa Biritai"}, ["bqr"] = {"Basa Burusu"}, ["bqs"] = {"Basa Bosngun"}, ["bqt"] = {"Basa Bamukumbit"}, ["bqu"] = {"Basa Boguru"}, ["bqv"] = {"Basa Koro Wachi", "Basa Begbere-Ejar"}, ["bqw"] = {"Basa Buru (Nigéria)"}, ["bqx"] = {"Basa Baangi"}, ["bqy"] = {"Basa Isarat Bengkala"}, ["bqz"] = {"Basa Bakaka"}, ["bra"] = {"Basa Braj"}, ["brb"] = {"Basa Brao", "Lave"}, ["brc"] = {"Basa Berbice Creole Dutch"}, ["brd"] = {"Basa Baraamu"}, ["brf"] = {"Basa Bira"}, ["brg"] = {"Basa Baure"}, ["brh"] = {"Basa Brahui"}, ["bri"] = {"Basa Mokpwe"}, ["brj"] = {"Basa Bieria"}, ["brk"] = {"Basa Birked"}, ["brl"] = {"Basa Birwa"}, ["brm"] = {"Basa Barambu"}, ["brn"] = {"Basa Boruca"}, ["bro"] = {"Basa Brokkat"}, ["brp"] = {"Basa Barapasi"}, ["brq"] = {"Basa Breri"}, ["brr"] = {"Basa Birao"}, ["brs"] = {"Basa Baras"}, ["brt"] = {"Basa Bitare"}, ["bru"] = {"Basa Eastern Bru"}, ["brv"] = {"Basa Western Bru"}, ["brw"] = {"Basa Bellari"}, ["brx"] = {"Basa Bodo (India)"}, ["bry"] = {"Basa Burui"}, ["brz"] = {"Basa Bilbil"}, ["bsa"] = {"Basa Abinomn"}, ["bsb"] = {"Basa Brunei Bisaya"}, ["bsc"] = {"Basa Bassari", "Oniyan"}, ["bse"] = {"Basa Wushi"}, ["bsf"] = {"Basa Bauchi"}, ["bsg"] = {"Basa Bashkardi"}, ["bsh"] = {"Basa Kati"}, ["bsi"] = {"Basa Bassossi"}, ["bsj"] = {"Basa Bangwinji"}, ["bsk"] = {"Basa Burushaski"}, ["bsl"] = {"Basa Basa-Gumna"}, ["bsm"] = {"Basa Busami"}, ["bsn"] = {"Basa Barasana-Eduria"}, ["bso"] = {"Basa Buso"}, ["bsp"] = {"Basa Baga Sitemu"}, ["bsq"] = {"Basa Bassa"}, ["bsr"] = {"Basa Bassa-Kontagora"}, ["bss"] = {"Basa Akoose"}, ["bst"] = {"Basa Basketo"}, ["bsu"] = {"Basa Bahonsuai"}, ["bsv"] = {"Basa Baga Sobané"}, ["bsw"] = {"Basa Baiso"}, ["bsx"] = {"Basa Yangkam"}, ["bsy"] = {"Basa Sabah Bisaya"}, ["bta"] = {"Basa Bata"}, ["btc"] = {"Basa Bati (Kamerun)"}, ["btd"] = {"Basa Batak Dairi"}, ["bte"] = {"Basa Gamo-Ningi"}, ["btf"] = {"Basa Birgit"}, ["btg"] = {"Basa Gagnoa Bété"}, ["bth"] = {"Basa Biatah Bidayuh"}, ["bti"] = {"Basa Burate"}, ["btj"] = {"Basa Bacanese Malay"}, ["btk"] = {"Rungkun basa Batak"}, ["btm"] = {"Basa Batak Mandailing"}, ["btn"] = {"Basa Ratagnon"}, ["bto"] = {"Basa Rinconada Bikol"}, ["btp"] = {"Basa Budibud"}, ["btq"] = {"Basa Batek"}, ["btr"] = {"Basa Baetora"}, ["bts"] = {"Basa Batak Simalungun"}, ["btt"] = {"Basa Bete-Bendi"}, ["btu"] = {"Basa Batu"}, ["btv"] = {"Basa Bateri"}, ["btw"] = {"Basa Butuanon"}, ["btx"] = {"Basa Batak Karo"}, ["bty"] = {"Basa Bobot"}, ["btz"] = {"Basa Batak Alas-Kluet"}, ["bua"] = {"Basa Buriat"}, ["bub"] = {"Basa Bua"}, ["buc"] = {"Basa Bushi"}, ["bud"] = {"Basa Ntcham"}, ["bue"] = {"Basa Beothuk"}, ["buf"] = {"Basa Bushoong"}, ["bug"] = {"Basa Buginese"}, ["buh"] = {"Basa Younuo Bunu"}, ["bui"] = {"Basa Bongili"}, ["buj"] = {"Basa Basa-Gurmana"}, ["buk"] = {"Basa Bugawac"}, ["bum"] = {"Basa Bulu (Kamerun)"}, ["bun"] = {"Basa Sherbro"}, ["buo"] = {"Basa Terei"}, ["bup"] = {"Basa Busoa"}, ["buq"] = {"Basa Brem"}, ["bus"] = {"Basa Bokobaru"}, ["but"] = {"Basa Bungain"}, ["buu"] = {"Basa Budu"}, ["buv"] = {"Basa Bun"}, ["buw"] = {"Basa Bubi"}, ["bux"] = {"Basa Boghom"}, ["buy"] = {"Basa Bullom So"}, ["buz"] = {"Basa Bukwen"}, ["bva"] = {"Basa Barein"}, ["bvb"] = {"Basa Bube"}, ["bvc"] = {"Basa Baelelea"}, ["bvd"] = {"Basa Baeggu"}, ["bve"] = {"Basa Berau Malay"}, ["bvf"] = {"Basa Boor"}, ["bvg"] = {"Basa Bonkeng"}, ["bvh"] = {"Basa Bure"}, ["bvi"] = {"Basa Belanda Viri"}, ["bvj"] = {"Basa Baan"}, ["bvk"] = {"Basa Bukat"}, ["bvl"] = {"Basa Isarat Bolivia"}, ["bvm"] = {"Basa Bamunka"}, ["bvn"] = {"Basa Buna"}, ["bvo"] = {"Basa Bolgo"}, ["bvp"] = {"Basa Bumang"}, ["bvq"] = {"Basa Birri"}, ["bvr"] = {"Basa Burarra"}, ["bvt"] = {"Basa Bati (Indonésia)"}, ["bvu"] = {"Basa Bukit Malay"}, ["bvv"] = {"Basa Baniva"}, ["bvw"] = {"Basa Boga"}, ["bvx"] = {"Basa Dibole"}, ["bvy"] = {"Basa Baybayanon"}, ["bvz"] = {"Basa Bauzi"}, ["bwa"] = {"Basa Bwatoo"}, ["bwb"] = {"Basa Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua"}, ["bwc"] = {"Basa Bwile"}, ["bwd"] = {"Basa Bwaidoka"}, ["bwe"] = {"Basa Bwe Karen"}, ["bwf"] = {"Basa Boselewa"}, ["bwg"] = {"Basa Barwe"}, ["bwh"] = {"Basa Bishuo"}, ["bwi"] = {"Basa Baniwa"}, ["bwj"] = {"Basa Láá Láá Bwamu"}, ["bwk"] = {"Basa Bauwaki"}, ["bwl"] = {"Basa Bwela"}, ["bwm"] = {"Basa Biwat"}, ["bwn"] = {"Basa Wunai Bunu"}, ["bwo"] = {"Basa Boro (Ethiopia)", "Borna (Ethiopia)"}, ["bwp"] = {"Basa Mandobo Bawah"}, ["bwq"] = {"Basa Southern Bobo Madaré"}, ["bwr"] = {"Basa Bura-Pabir"}, ["bws"] = {"Basa Bomboma"}, ["bwt"] = {"Basa Bafaw-Balong"}, ["bwu"] = {"Basa Buli (Ghana)"}, ["bww"] = {"Basa Bwa"}, ["bwx"] = {"Basa Bu-Nao Bunu"}, ["bwy"] = {"Basa Cwi Bwamu"}, ["bwz"] = {"Basa Bwisi"}, ["bxa"] = {"Basa Tairaha"}, ["bxb"] = {"Basa Belanda Bor"}, ["bxc"] = {"Basa Molengue"}, ["bxd"] = {"Basa Pela"}, ["bxe"] = {"Basa Birale"}, ["bxf"] = {"Basa Bilur", "Minigir"}, ["bxg"] = {"Basa Bangala"}, ["bxh"] = {"Basa Buhutu"}, ["bxi"] = {"Basa Pirlatapa"}, ["bxj"] = {"Basa Bayungu"}, ["bxk"] = {"Basa Bukusu", "Lubukusu"}, ["bxl"] = {"Basa Jalkunan"}, ["bxm"] = {"Basa Mongolia Buriat"}, ["bxn"] = {"Basa Burduna"}, ["bxo"] = {"Basa Barikanchi"}, ["bxp"] = {"Basa Bebil"}, ["bxq"] = {"Basa Beele"}, ["bxr"] = {"Basa Russia Buriat"}, ["bxs"] = {"Basa Busam"}, ["bxu"] = {"Basa China Buriat"}, ["bxv"] = {"Basa Berakou"}, ["bxw"] = {"Basa Bankagooma"}, ["bxz"] = {"Basa Binahari"}, ["bya"] = {"Basa Batak"}, ["byb"] = {"Basa Bikya"}, ["byc"] = {"Basa Ubaghara"}, ["byd"] = {"Basa Benyadu'"}, ["bye"] = {"Basa Pouye"}, ["byf"] = {"Basa Bete"}, ["byg"] = {"Basa Baygo"}, ["byh"] = {"Basa Bhujel"}, ["byi"] = {"Basa Buyu"}, ["byj"] = {"Basa Bina (Nigéria)"}, ["byk"] = {"Basa Biao"}, ["byl"] = {"Basa Bayono"}, ["bym"] = {"Basa Bidjara"}, ["byn"] = {"Basa Bilin", "Blin"}, ["byo"] = {"Basa Biyo"}, ["byp"] = {"Basa Bumaji"}, ["byq"] = {"Basa Basay"}, ["byr"] = {"Basa Baruya", "Yipma"}, ["bys"] = {"Basa Burak"}, ["byt"] = {"Basa Berti"}, ["byv"] = {"Basa Medumba"}, ["byw"] = {"Basa Belhariya"}, ["byx"] = {"Basa Qaqet"}, ["byz"] = {"Basa Banaro"}, ["bza"] = {"Basa Bandi"}, ["bzb"] = {"Basa Andio"}, ["bzc"] = {"Basa Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bzd"] = {"Basa Bribri"}, ["bze"] = {"Basa Jenaama Bozo"}, ["bzf"] = {"Basa Boikin"}, ["bzg"] = {"Basa Babuza"}, ["bzh"] = {"Basa Mapos Buang"}, ["bzi"] = {"Basa Bisu"}, ["bzj"] = {"Basa Belize Kriol English"}, ["bzk"] = {"Basa Nicaragua Creole English"}, ["bzl"] = {"Basa Boano (Sulawesi)"}, ["bzm"] = {"Basa Bolondo"}, ["bzn"] = {"Basa Boano (Maluku)"}, ["bzo"] = {"Basa Bozaba"}, ["bzp"] = {"Basa Kemberano"}, ["bzq"] = {"Basa Buli (Indonésia)"}, ["bzr"] = {"Basa Biri"}, ["bzs"] = {"Basa Isarat Brasil"}, ["bzt"] = {"Basa Brithenig"}, ["bzu"] = {"Basa Burmeso"}, ["bzv"] = {"Basa Naami"}, ["bzw"] = {"Basa Basa (Nigéria)"}, ["bzx"] = {"Basa Kɛlɛngaxo Bozo"}, ["bzy"] = {"Basa Obanliku"}, ["bzz"] = {"Basa Evant"}, ["caa"] = {"Basa Chortí"}, ["cab"] = {"Basa Garifuna"}, ["cac"] = {"Basa Chuj"}, ["cad"] = {"Basa Caddo"}, ["cae"] = {"Basa Lehar", "Laalaa"}, ["caf"] = {"Basa Southern Carrier"}, ["cag"] = {"Basa Nivaclé"}, ["cah"] = {"Basa Cahuarano"}, ["cai"] = {"Rungkun basa Indian Amérika Tengah"}, ["caj"] = {"Basa Chané"}, ["cak"] = {"Basa Kaqchikel", "Cakchiquel"}, ["cal"] = {"Basa Carolinian"}, ["cam"] = {"Basa Cemuhî"}, ["can"] = {"Basa Chambri"}, ["cao"] = {"Basa Chácobo"}, ["cap"] = {"Basa Chipaya"}, ["caq"] = {"Basa Car Nicobarese"}, ["car"] = {"Basa Galibi Carib"}, ["cas"] = {"Basa Tsimané"}, ["cau"] = {"Rungkun basa Kaukasus"}, ["cav"] = {"Basa Cavineña"}, ["caw"] = {"Basa Callawalla"}, ["cax"] = {"Basa Chiquitano"}, ["cay"] = {"Basa Cayuga"}, ["caz"] = {"Basa Canichana"}, ["cba"] = {"Rungkun basa Chibcha"}, ["cbb"] = {"Basa Cabiyarí"}, ["cbc"] = {"Basa Carapana"}, ["cbd"] = {"Basa Carijona"}, ["cbg"] = {"Basa Chimila"}, ["cbi"] = {"Basa Chachi"}, ["cbj"] = {"Basa Ede Cabe"}, ["cbk"] = {"Basa Chavacano"}, ["cbl"] = {"Basa Bualkhaw Chin"}, ["cbn"] = {"Basa Nyahkur"}, ["cbo"] = {"Basa Izora"}, ["cbq"] = {"Basa Tsucuba", "Cuba"}, ["cbr"] = {"Basa Cashibo-Cacataibo"}, ["cbs"] = {"Basa Cashinahua"}, ["cbt"] = {"Basa Chayahuita"}, ["cbu"] = {"Basa Candoshi-Shapra"}, ["cbv"] = {"Basa Cacua"}, ["cbw"] = {"Basa Kinabalian"}, ["cby"] = {"Basa Carabayo"}, ["ccc"] = {"Basa Chamicuro"}, ["ccd"] = {"Basa Cafundo Creole"}, ["cce"] = {"Basa Chopi"}, ["ccg"] = {"Basa Samba Daka"}, ["cch"] = {"Basa Atsam"}, ["ccj"] = {"Basa Kasanga"}, ["ccl"] = {"Basa Cutchi-Swahili"}, ["ccm"] = {"Basa Malaccan Creole Malay"}, ["ccn"] = {"Rungkun basa Kaukasus Kalér"}, ["cco"] = {"Basa Comaltepec Chinantec"}, ["ccp"] = {"Basa Chakma"}, ["ccr"] = {"Basa Cacaopera"}, ["ccs"] = {"Rungkun basa Kaukasus Kidul"}, ["cda"] = {"Basa Choni"}, ["cdc"] = {"Rungkun basa Chad"}, ["cdd"] = {"Rungkun basa Caddo"}, ["cde"] = {"Basa Chenchu"}, ["cdf"] = {"Basa Chiru"}, ["cdh"] = {"Basa Chambeali"}, ["cdi"] = {"Basa Chodri"}, ["cdj"] = {"Basa Churahi"}, ["cdm"] = {"Basa Chepang"}, ["cdn"] = {"Basa Chaudangsi"}, ["cdo"] = {"Basa Min Dong Chinese"}, ["cdr"] = {"Basa Cinda-Regi-Tiyal"}, ["cds"] = {"Basa Isarat Chad"}, ["cdy"] = {"Basa Chadong"}, ["cdz"] = {"Basa Koda"}, ["cea"] = {"Basa Lower Chehalis"}, ["ceb"] = {"Basa Cebuano"}, ["ceg"] = {"Basa Chamacoco"}, ["cek"] = {"Basa Eastern Khumi Chin"}, ["cel"] = {"Rungkun basa Kéltik"}, ["cen"] = {"Basa Cen"}, ["cet"] = {"Basa Centúúm"}, ["cey"] = {"Basa Ekai Chin"}, ["cfa"] = {"Basa Dijim-Bwilim"}, ["cfd"] = {"Basa Cara"}, ["cfg"] = {"Basa Como Karim"}, ["cfm"] = {"Basa Falam Chin"}, ["cga"] = {"Basa Changriwa"}, ["cgc"] = {"Basa Kagayanen"}, ["cgg"] = {"Basa Chiga"}, ["cgk"] = {"Basa Chocangacakha"}, ["chb"] = {"Basa Chibcha"}, ["chc"] = {"Basa Catawba"}, ["chd"] = {"Basa Highland Oaxaca Chontal"}, ["chf"] = {"Basa Tabasco Chontal"}, ["chg"] = {"Basa Chagatai"}, ["chh"] = {"Basa Chinook"}, ["chj"] = {"Basa Ojitlán Chinantec"}, ["chk"] = {"Basa Chuukese"}, ["chl"] = {"Basa Cahuilla"}, ["chm"] = {"Basa Mari (Rusia)"}, ["chn"] = {"Basa Chinook jargon"}, ["cho"] = {"Basa Choctaw"}, ["chp"] = {"Basa Chipewyan", "Dene Suline"}, ["chq"] = {"Basa Quiotepec Chinantec"}, ["chr"] = {"Basa Cherokee"}, ["cht"] = {"Basa Cholón"}, ["chw"] = {"Basa Chuwabu"}, ["chx"] = {"Basa Chantyal"}, ["chy"] = {"Basa Cheyenne"}, ["chz"] = {"Basa Ozumacín Chinantec"}, ["cia"] = {"Basa Cia-Cia"}, ["cib"] = {"Basa Ci Gbe"}, ["cic"] = {"Basa Chickasaw"}, ["cid"] = {"Basa Chimariko"}, ["cie"] = {"Basa Cineni"}, ["cih"] = {"Basa Chinali"}, ["cik"] = {"Basa Chitkuli Kinnauri"}, ["cim"] = {"Basa Cimbrian"}, ["cin"] = {"Basa Cinta Larga"}, ["cip"] = {"Basa Chiapanec"}, ["cir"] = {"Basa Tiri", "Basa Haméa", "Basa Méa"}, ["ciw"] = {"Basa Chippewa"}, ["ciy"] = {"Basa Chaima"}, ["cja"] = {"Basa Western Cham"}, ["cje"] = {"Basa Chru"}, ["cjh"] = {"Basa Upper Chehalis"}, ["cji"] = {"Basa Chamalal"}, ["cjk"] = {"Basa Chokwe"}, ["cjm"] = {"Basa Eastern Cham"}, ["cjn"] = {"Basa Chenapian"}, ["cjo"] = {"Basa Ashéninka Pajonal"}, ["cjp"] = {"Basa Cabécar"}, ["cjs"] = {"Basa Shor"}, ["cjv"] = {"Basa Chuave"}, ["cjy"] = {"Basa Jinyu Chinese"}, ["ckb"] = {"Basa Kurdi Tengah"}, ["ckh"] = {"Basa Chak"}, ["ckl"] = {"Basa Cibak"}, ["ckm"] = {"Basa Chakavian"}, ["ckn"] = {"Basa Kaang Chin"}, ["cko"] = {"Basa Anufo"}, ["ckq"] = {"Basa Kajakse"}, ["ckr"] = {"Basa Kairak"}, ["cks"] = {"Basa Tayo"}, ["ckt"] = {"Basa Chukot"}, ["cku"] = {"Basa Koasati"}, ["ckv"] = {"Basa Kavalan"}, ["ckx"] = {"Basa Caka"}, ["cky"] = {"Basa Cakfem-Mushere"}, ["ckz"] = {"Basa Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language"}, ["cla"] = {"Basa Ron"}, ["clc"] = {"Basa Chilcotin", "Tsilhqot’in"}, ["cld"] = {"Basa Chaldean Neo-Aramaic"}, ["cle"] = {"Basa Lealao Chinantec"}, ["clh"] = {"Basa Chilisso"}, ["cli"] = {"Basa Chakali"}, ["clj"] = {"Basa Laitu Chin"}, ["clk"] = {"Basa Idu-Mishmi"}, ["cll"] = {"Basa Chala"}, ["clm"] = {"Basa Klallam", "Clallam"}, ["clo"] = {"Basa Lowland Oaxaca Chontal"}, ["cls"] = {"Basa Classical Sanskrit"}, ["clt"] = {"Basa Lautu Chin"}, ["clu"] = {"Basa Caluyanun"}, ["clw"] = {"Basa Chulym"}, ["cly"] = {"Basa Eastern Highland Chatino"}, ["cma"] = {"Basa Maa"}, ["cmc"] = {"Rungkun basa Chamik"}, ["cme"] = {"Basa Cerma"}, ["cmg"] = {"Basa Classical Mongolian"}, ["cmi"] = {"Basa Emberá-Chamí"}, ["cml"] = {"Basa Campalagian"}, ["cmm"] = {"Basa Michigamea"}, ["cmn"] = {"Basa Mandarin Chinese"}, ["cmo"] = {"Basa Central Mnong"}, ["cmr"] = {"Basa Mro-Khimi Chin"}, ["cms"] = {"Basa Messapic"}, ["cmt"] = {"Basa Camtho"}, ["cna"] = {"Basa Changthang"}, ["cnb"] = {"Basa Chinbon Chin"}, ["cnc"] = {"Basa Côông"}, ["cng"] = {"Basa Northern Qiang"}, ["cnh"] = {"Basa Hakha Chin", "Haka Chin"}, ["cni"] = {"Basa Asháninka"}, ["cnk"] = {"Basa Khumi Chin"}, ["cnl"] = {"Basa Lalana Chinantec"}, ["cno"] = {"Basa Con"}, ["cnp"] = {"Basa Northern Ping Chinese", "Northern Pinghua"}, ["cnq"] = {"Basa Chung"}, ["cnr"] = {"Basa Montenegrin"}, ["cns"] = {"Basa Central Asmat"}, ["cnt"] = {"Basa Tepetotutla Chinantec"}, ["cnu"] = {"Basa Chenoua"}, ["cnw"] = {"Basa Ngawn Chin"}, ["cnx"] = {"Basa Middle Cornish"}, ["coa"] = {"Basa Cocos Islands Malay"}, ["cob"] = {"Basa Chicomuceltec"}, ["coc"] = {"Basa Cocopa"}, ["cod"] = {"Basa Cocama-Cocamilla"}, ["coe"] = {"Basa Koreguaje"}, ["cof"] = {"Basa Colorado"}, ["cog"] = {"Basa Chong"}, ["coh"] = {"Basa Chonyi-Dzihana-Kauma", "Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma"}, ["coj"] = {"Basa Cochimi"}, ["cok"] = {"Basa Santa Teresa Cora"}, ["col"] = {"Basa Columbia-Wenatchi"}, ["com"] = {"Basa Comanche"}, ["con"] = {"Basa Cofán"}, ["coo"] = {"Basa Comox"}, ["cop"] = {"Basa Coptic"}, ["coq"] = {"Basa Coquille"}, ["cot"] = {"Basa Caquinte"}, ["cou"] = {"Basa Wamey"}, ["cov"] = {"Basa Cao Miao"}, ["cow"] = {"Basa Cowlitz"}, ["cox"] = {"Basa Nanti"}, ["coz"] = {"Basa Chochotec"}, ["cpa"] = {"Basa Palantla Chinantec"}, ["cpb"] = {"Basa Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka"}, ["cpc"] = {"Basa Ajyíninka Apurucayali"}, ["cpe"] = {"Basa English-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cpf"] = {"Basa French-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cpg"] = {"Basa Cappadocian Greek"}, ["cpi"] = {"Basa Chinese Pidgin English"}, ["cpn"] = {"Basa Cherepon"}, ["cpo"] = {"Basa Kpeego"}, ["cpp"] = {"Basa Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cps"] = {"Basa Capiznon"}, ["cpu"] = {"Basa Pichis Ashéninka"}, ["cpx"] = {"Basa Pu-Xian Chinese"}, ["cpy"] = {"Basa South Ucayali Ashéninka"}, ["cqd"] = {"Basa Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao"}, ["cra"] = {"Basa Chara"}, ["crb"] = {"Basa Island Carib"}, ["crc"] = {"Basa Lonwolwol"}, ["crd"] = {"Basa Coeur d'Alene"}, ["crf"] = {"Basa Caramanta"}, ["crg"] = {"Basa Michif"}, ["crh"] = {"Basa Crimean Tatar", "Crimean Turkish"}, ["cri"] = {"Basa Sãotomense"}, ["crj"] = {"Basa Southern East Cree"}, ["crk"] = {"Basa Plains Cree"}, ["crl"] = {"Basa Northern East Cree"}, ["crm"] = {"Basa Moose Cree"}, ["crn"] = {"Basa El Nayar Cora"}, ["cro"] = {"Basa Crow"}, ["crp"] = {"Basa Creoles and pidgins"}, ["crq"] = {"Basa Iyo'wujwa Chorote"}, ["crr"] = {"Basa Carolina Algonquian"}, ["crs"] = {"Basa Seselwa Creole French"}, ["crt"] = {"Basa Iyojwa'ja Chorote"}, ["crv"] = {"Basa Chaura"}, ["crw"] = {"Basa Chrau"}, ["crx"] = {"Basa Carrier"}, ["cry"] = {"Basa Cori"}, ["crz"] = {"Basa Cruzeño"}, ["csa"] = {"Basa Chiltepec Chinantec"}, ["csb"] = {"Basa Kashubian"}, ["csc"] = {"Basa Isarat Katalan", "Lengua de señas catalana", "Llengua de Signes Catalana"}, ["csd"] = {"Basa Isarat Chiangmai"}, ["cse"] = {"Basa Isarat Céko"}, ["csf"] = {"Basa Isarat Kuba"}, ["csg"] = {"Basa Isarat Cilé"}, ["csh"] = {"Basa Asho Chin"}, ["csi"] = {"Basa Coast Miwok"}, ["csj"] = {"Basa Songlai Chin"}, ["csk"] = {"Basa Jola-Kasa"}, ["csl"] = {"Basa Isarat Tionghoa"}, ["csm"] = {"Basa Central Sierra Miwok"}, ["csn"] = {"Basa Isarat Kolombia"}, ["cso"] = {"Basa Sochiapam Chinantec", "Sochiapan Chinantec"}, ["csp"] = {"Basa Southern Ping Chinese", "Southern Pinghua"}, ["csq"] = {"Basa Isarat Kroasia"}, ["csr"] = {"Basa Isarat Kosta Rika"}, ["css"] = {"Basa Southern Ohlone"}, ["cst"] = {"Basa Northern Ohlone"}, ["csu"] = {"Rungkun basa Sudan Tengah"}, ["csv"] = {"Basa Sumtu Chin"}, ["csw"] = {"Basa Swampy Cree"}, ["csx"] = {"Basa Isarat Kamboja"}, ["csy"] = {"Basa Siyin Chin"}, ["csz"] = {"Basa Coos"}, ["cta"] = {"Basa Tataltepec Chatino"}, ["ctc"] = {"Basa Chetco"}, ["ctd"] = {"Basa Tedim Chin"}, ["cte"] = {"Basa Tepinapa Chinantec"}, ["ctg"] = {"Basa Chittagonian"}, ["cth"] = {"Basa Thaiphum Chin"}, ["ctl"] = {"Basa Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec"}, ["ctm"] = {"Basa Chitimacha"}, ["ctn"] = {"Basa Chhintange"}, ["cto"] = {"Basa Emberá-Catío"}, ["ctp"] = {"Basa Western Highland Chatino"}, ["cts"] = {"Basa Northern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["ctt"] = {"Basa Wayanad Chetti"}, ["ctu"] = {"Basa Chol"}, ["cty"] = {"Basa Moundadan Chetty"}, ["ctz"] = {"Basa Zacatepec Chatino"}, ["cua"] = {"Basa Cua"}, ["cub"] = {"Basa Cubeo"}, ["cuc"] = {"Basa Usila Chinantec"}, ["cuh"] = {"Basa Chuka", "Gichuka"}, ["cui"] = {"Basa Cuiba"}, ["cuj"] = {"Basa Mashco Piro"}, ["cuk"] = {"Basa San Blas Kuna"}, ["cul"] = {"Basa Culina", "Kulina"}, ["cuo"] = {"Basa Cumanagoto"}, ["cup"] = {"Basa Cupeño"}, ["cuq"] = {"Basa Cun"}, ["cur"] = {"Basa Chhulung"}, ["cus"] = {"Rungkun basa Kush"}, ["cut"] = {"Basa Teutila Cuicatec"}, ["cuu"] = {"Basa Tai Ya"}, ["cuv"] = {"Basa Cuvok"}, ["cuw"] = {"Basa Chukwa"}, ["cux"] = {"Basa Tepeuxila Cuicatec"}, ["cuy"] = {"Basa Cuitlatec"}, ["cvg"] = {"Basa Chug"}, ["cvn"] = {"Basa Valle Nacional Chinantec"}, ["cwa"] = {"Basa Kabwa"}, ["cwb"] = {"Basa Maindo"}, ["cwd"] = {"Basa Woods Cree"}, ["cwe"] = {"Basa Kwere"}, ["cwg"] = {"Basa Chewong", "Cheq Wong"}, ["cwt"] = {"Basa Kuwaataay"}, ["cxh"] = {"Basa Cha'ari"}, ["cya"] = {"Basa Nopala Chatino"}, ["cyb"] = {"Basa Cayubaba"}, ["cyo"] = {"Basa Cuyonon"}, ["czh"] = {"Basa Huizhou Chinese"}, ["czk"] = {"Basa Knaanic"}, ["czn"] = {"Basa Zenzontepec Chatino"}, ["czo"] = {"Basa Min Zhong Chinese"}, ["czt"] = {"Basa Zotung Chin"}, ["daa"] = {"Basa Dangaléat"}, ["dac"] = {"Basa Dambi"}, ["dad"] = {"Basa Marik"}, ["dae"] = {"Basa Duupa"}, ["dag"] = {"Basa Dagbani"}, ["dah"] = {"Basa Gwahatike"}, ["dai"] = {"Basa Day"}, ["daj"] = {"Basa Dar Fur Daju"}, ["dak"] = {"Basa Dakota"}, ["dal"] = {"Basa Dahalo"}, ["dam"] = {"Basa Damakawa"}, ["dao"] = {"Basa Daai Chin"}, ["daq"] = {"Basa Dandami Maria"}, ["dar"] = {"Basa Dargwa"}, ["das"] = {"Basa Daho-Doo"}, ["dau"] = {"Basa Dar Sila Daju"}, ["dav"] = {"Basa Taita", "Dawida"}, ["daw"] = {"Basa Davawenyo"}, ["dax"] = {"Basa Dayi"}, ["day"] = {"Rungkun basa Dayak Darat"}, ["daz"] = {"Basa Moi-Wadea", "Dao"}, ["dba"] = {"Basa Bangime"}, ["dbb"] = {"Basa Deno"}, ["dbd"] = {"Basa Dadiya"}, ["dbe"] = {"Basa Dabe"}, ["dbf"] = {"Basa Edopi"}, ["dbg"] = {"Basa Dogul Dom Dogon"}, ["dbi"] = {"Basa Doka"}, ["dbj"] = {"Basa Ida'an"}, ["dbl"] = {"Basa Dyirbal"}, ["dbm"] = {"Basa Duguri"}, ["dbn"] = {"Basa Duriankere"}, ["dbo"] = {"Basa Dulbu"}, ["dbp"] = {"Basa Duwai"}, ["dbq"] = {"Basa Daba"}, ["dbr"] = {"Basa Dabarre"}, ["dbt"] = {"Basa Ben Tey Dogon"}, ["dbu"] = {"Basa Bondum Dom Dogon"}, ["dbv"] = {"Basa Dungu"}, ["dbw"] = {"Basa Bankan Tey Dogon"}, ["dby"] = {"Basa Dibiyaso"}, ["dcc"] = {"Basa Deccan"}, ["dcr"] = {"Basa Negerhollands"}, ["dda"] = {"Basa Dadi Dadi"}, ["ddd"] = {"Basa Dongotono"}, ["dde"] = {"Basa Doondo"}, ["ddg"] = {"Basa Fataluku"}, ["ddi"] = {"Basa Goodenough Kulon"}, ["ddj"] = {"Basa Jaru"}, ["ddn"] = {"Basa Dendi (Bénin)"}, ["ddo"] = {"Basa Dido"}, ["ddr"] = {"Basa Dhudhuroa"}, ["dds"] = {"Basa Donno So Dogon"}, ["ddw"] = {"Basa Dawera-Daweloor"}, ["dec"] = {"Basa Dagik"}, ["ded"] = {"Basa Dedua"}, ["dee"] = {"Basa Dewoin"}, ["def"] = {"Basa Dezfuli"}, ["deg"] = {"Basa Degema"}, ["deh"] = {"Basa Dehwari"}, ["dei"] = {"Basa Demisa"}, ["del"] = {"Basa Delaware"}, ["dem"] = {"Basa Dem"}, ["den"] = {"Basa Slavey"}, ["dep"] = {"Basa Pidgin Delaware"}, ["deq"] = {"Basa Dendi (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["der"] = {"Basa Deori"}, ["des"] = {"Basa Desano"}, ["dev"] = {"Basa Domung"}, ["dez"] = {"Basa Dengese"}, ["dga"] = {"Basa Southern Dagaare"}, ["dgb"] = {"Basa Bunoge Dogon"}, ["dgc"] = {"Basa Casiguran Dumagat Agta"}, ["dgd"] = {"Basa Dagaari Dioula"}, ["dge"] = {"Basa Degenan"}, ["dgg"] = {"Basa Doga"}, ["dgh"] = {"Basa Dghwede"}, ["dgi"] = {"Basa Northern Dagara"}, ["dgk"] = {"Basa Dagba"}, ["dgl"] = {"Basa Andaandi", "Dongolawi"}, ["dgn"] = {"Basa Dagoman"}, ["dgo"] = {"Basa Dogri (individual language)"}, ["dgr"] = {"Basa Tlicho", "Dogrib", "Tłı̨chǫ"}, ["dgs"] = {"Basa Dogoso"}, ["dgt"] = {"Basa Ndra'ngith"}, ["dgw"] = {"Basa Daungwurrung"}, ["dgx"] = {"Basa Doghoro"}, ["dgz"] = {"Basa Daga"}, ["dhd"] = {"Basa Dhundari"}, ["dhg"] = {"Basa Dhangu-Djangu", "Dhangu", "Djangu"}, ["dhi"] = {"Basa Dhimal"}, ["dhl"] = {"Basa Dhalandji"}, ["dhm"] = {"Basa Zemba"}, ["dhn"] = {"Basa Dhanki"}, ["dho"] = {"Basa Dhodia"}, ["dhr"] = {"Basa Dhargari"}, ["dhs"] = {"Basa Dhaiso"}, ["dhu"] = {"Basa Dhurga"}, ["dhv"] = {"Basa Dehu", "Drehu"}, ["dhw"] = {"Basa Dhanwar (Nepal)"}, ["dhx"] = {"Basa Dhungaloo"}, ["dia"] = {"Basa Dia"}, ["dib"] = {"Basa South Central Dinka"}, ["dic"] = {"Basa Lakota Dida"}, ["did"] = {"Basa Didinga"}, ["dif"] = {"Basa Dieri", "Diyari"}, ["dig"] = {"Basa Digo", "Chidigo"}, ["dih"] = {"Basa Kumiai"}, ["dii"] = {"Basa Dimbong"}, ["dij"] = {"Basa Dai"}, ["dik"] = {"Basa Southwestern Dinka"}, ["dil"] = {"Basa Dilling"}, ["dim"] = {"Basa Dime"}, ["din"] = {"Basa Dinka"}, ["dio"] = {"Basa Dibo"}, ["dip"] = {"Basa Northeastern Dinka"}, ["diq"] = {"Basa Dimli (individual language)"}, ["dir"] = {"Basa Dirim"}, ["dis"] = {"Basa Dimasa"}, ["diu"] = {"Basa Diriku"}, ["diw"] = {"Basa Northwestern Dinka"}, ["dix"] = {"Basa Dixon Reef"}, ["diy"] = {"Basa Diuwe"}, ["diz"] = {"Basa Ding"}, ["dja"] = {"Basa Djadjawurrung"}, ["djb"] = {"Basa Djinba"}, ["djc"] = {"Basa Dar Daju Daju"}, ["djd"] = {"Basa Djamindjung", "Ngaliwurru"}, ["dje"] = {"Basa Zarma"}, ["djf"] = {"Basa Djangun"}, ["dji"] = {"Basa Djinang"}, ["djj"] = {"Basa Djeebbana"}, ["djk"] = {"Basa Eastern Maroon Creole", "Businenge Tongo", "Nenge"}, ["djm"] = {"Basa Jamsay Dogon"}, ["djn"] = {"Basa Jawoyn", "Djauan"}, ["djo"] = {"Basa Jangkang"}, ["djr"] = {"Basa Djambarrpuyngu"}, ["dju"] = {"Basa Kapriman"}, ["djw"] = {"Basa Djawi"}, ["dka"] = {"Basa Dakpakha"}, ["dkg"] = {"Basa Kadung"}, ["dkk"] = {"Basa Dakka"}, ["dkr"] = {"Basa Kuijau"}, ["dks"] = {"Basa Southeastern Dinka"}, ["dkx"] = {"Basa Mazagway"}, ["dlg"] = {"Basa Dolgan"}, ["dlk"] = {"Basa Dahalik"}, ["dlm"] = {"Basa Dalmatian"}, ["dln"] = {"Basa Darlong"}, ["dma"] = {"Basa Duma"}, ["dmb"] = {"Basa Mombo Dogon"}, ["dmc"] = {"Basa Gavak"}, ["dmd"] = {"Basa Madhi Madhi"}, ["dme"] = {"Basa Dugwor"}, ["dmf"] = {"Basa Medefaidrin"}, ["dmg"] = {"Basa Upper Kinabatangan"}, ["dmk"] = {"Basa Domaaki"}, ["dml"] = {"Basa Dameli"}, ["dmm"] = {"Basa Dama"}, ["dmn"] = {"Rungkun basa Mande"}, ["dmo"] = {"Basa Kemedzung"}, ["dmr"] = {"Basa East Damar"}, ["dms"] = {"Basa Dampelas"}, ["dmu"] = {"Basa Dubu", "Tebi"}, ["dmv"] = {"Basa Dumpas"}, ["dmw"] = {"Basa Mudburra"}, ["dmx"] = {"Basa Dema"}, ["dmy"] = {"Basa Demta", "Sowari"}, ["dna"] = {"Basa Upper Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnd"] = {"Basa Daonda"}, ["dne"] = {"Basa Ndendeule"}, ["dng"] = {"Basa Dungan"}, ["dni"] = {"Basa Lower Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnj"] = {"Basa Dan"}, ["dnk"] = {"Basa Dengka"}, ["dnn"] = {"Basa Dzùùngoo"}, ["dno"] = {"Basa Ndrulo", "Northern Lendu"}, ["dnr"] = {"Basa Danaru"}, ["dnt"] = {"Basa Mid Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnu"] = {"Basa Danau"}, ["dnv"] = {"Basa Danu"}, ["dnw"] = {"Basa Western Dani"}, ["dny"] = {"Basa Dení"}, ["doa"] = {"Basa Dom"}, ["dob"] = {"Basa Dobu"}, ["doc"] = {"Basa Northern Dong"}, ["doe"] = {"Basa Doe"}, ["dof"] = {"Basa Domu"}, ["doh"] = {"Basa Dong"}, ["doi"] = {"Basa Dogri (macrolanguage)"}, ["dok"] = {"Basa Dondo"}, ["dol"] = {"Basa Doso"}, ["don"] = {"Basa Toura (Papua Nugini)"}, ["doo"] = {"Basa Dongo"}, ["dop"] = {"Basa Lukpa"}, ["doq"] = {"Basa Isarat Dominika"}, ["dor"] = {"Basa Dori'o"}, ["dos"] = {"Basa Dogosé"}, ["dot"] = {"Basa Dass"}, ["dov"] = {"Basa Dombe"}, ["dow"] = {"Basa Doyayo"}, ["dox"] = {"Basa Bussa"}, ["doy"] = {"Basa Dompo"}, ["doz"] = {"Basa Dorze"}, ["dpp"] = {"Basa Papar"}, ["dra"] = {"Rungkun basa Dravida"}, ["drb"] = {"Basa Dair"}, ["drc"] = {"Basa Minderico"}, ["drd"] = {"Basa Darmiya"}, ["dre"] = {"Basa Dolpo"}, ["drg"] = {"Basa Rungus"}, ["dri"] = {"Basa C'Lela"}, ["drl"] = {"Basa Paakantyi"}, ["drn"] = {"Basa West Damar"}, ["dro"] = {"Basa Daro-Matu Melanau"}, ["drq"] = {"Basa Dura"}, ["drs"] = {"Basa Gedeo"}, ["drt"] = {"Basa Drents"}, ["dru"] = {"Basa Rukai"}, ["dry"] = {"Basa Darai"}, ["dsb"] = {"Basa Lower Sorbian"}, ["dse"] = {"Basa Isarat Walanda"}, ["dsh"] = {"Basa Daasanach"}, ["dsi"] = {"Basa Disa"}, ["dsk"] = {"Basa Dokshi"}, ["dsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Dénmark"}, ["dsn"] = {"Basa Dusner"}, ["dso"] = {"Basa Desiya"}, ["dsq"] = {"Basa Tadaksahak"}, ["dsz"] = {"Basa Isarat Mardin"}, ["dta"] = {"Basa Daur"}, ["dtb"] = {"Basa Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan"}, ["dtd"] = {"Basa Ditidaht"}, ["dth"] = {"Basa Adithinngithigh"}, ["dti"] = {"Basa Ana Tinga Dogon"}, ["dtk"] = {"Basa Tene Kan Dogon"}, ["dtm"] = {"Basa Tomo Kan Dogon"}, ["dtn"] = {"Basa Daatsʼíin"}, ["dto"] = {"Basa Tommo So Dogon"}, ["dtp"] = {"Basa Kadazan Dusun", "Central Dusun"}, ["dtr"] = {"Basa Lotud"}, ["dts"] = {"Basa Toro So Dogon"}, ["dtt"] = {"Basa Toro Tegu Dogon"}, ["dtu"] = {"Basa Tebul Ure Dogon"}, ["dty"] = {"Basa Dotyali"}, ["dua"] = {"Basa Duala"}, ["dub"] = {"Basa Dubli"}, ["duc"] = {"Basa Duna"}, ["due"] = {"Basa Umiray Dumaget Agta"}, ["duf"] = {"Basa Dumbea", "Drubea"}, ["dug"] = {"Basa Duruma", "Chiduruma"}, ["duh"] = {"Basa Dungra Bhil"}, ["dui"] = {"Basa Dumun"}, ["duk"] = {"Basa Uyajitaya"}, ["dul"] = {"Basa Alabat Island Agta"}, ["dum"] = {"Basa Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)"}, ["dun"] = {"Basa Dusun Deyah"}, ["duo"] = {"Basa Dupaninan Agta"}, ["dup"] = {"Basa Duano"}, ["duq"] = {"Basa Dusun Malang"}, ["dur"] = {"Basa Dii"}, ["dus"] = {"Basa Dumi"}, ["duu"] = {"Basa Drung"}, ["duv"] = {"Basa Duvle"}, ["duw"] = {"Basa Dusun Witu"}, ["dux"] = {"Basa Duungooma"}, ["duy"] = {"Basa Dicamay Agta"}, ["duz"] = {"Basa Duli-Gey"}, ["dva"] = {"Basa Duau"}, ["dwa"] = {"Basa Diri"}, ["dwk"] = {"Basa Dawik Kui"}, ["dwr"] = {"Basa Dawro"}, ["dws"] = {"Basa Dutton World Speedwords"}, ["dwu"] = {"Basa Dhuwal"}, ["dww"] = {"Basa Dawawa"}, ["dwy"] = {"Basa Dhuwaya"}, ["dwz"] = {"Basa Dewas Rai"}, ["dya"] = {"Basa Dyan"}, ["dyb"] = {"Basa Dyaberdyaber"}, ["dyd"] = {"Basa Dyugun"}, ["dyg"] = {"Basa Villa Viciosa Agta"}, ["dyi"] = {"Basa Djimini Senoufo"}, ["dyl"] = {"Basa Isarat Butan"}, ["dym"] = {"Basa Yanda Dom Dogon"}, ["dyn"] = {"Basa Dyangadi", "Dhanggatti"}, ["dyo"] = {"Basa Jola-Fonyi"}, ["dyr"] = {"Basa Dyarim"}, ["dyu"] = {"Basa Dyula"}, ["dyy"] = {"Basa Djabugay", "Dyaabugay"}, ["dza"] = {"Basa Tunzu"}, ["dzd"] = {"Basa Daza"}, ["dze"] = {"Basa Djiwarli"}, ["dzg"] = {"Basa Dazaga"}, ["dzl"] = {"Basa Dzalakha"}, ["dzn"] = {"Basa Dzando"}, ["eaa"] = {"Basa Karenggapa"}, ["ebc"] = {"Basa Beginci"}, ["ebg"] = {"Basa Ebughu"}, ["ebk"] = {"Basa Eastern Bontok"}, ["ebo"] = {"Basa Teke-Ebo"}, ["ebr"] = {"Basa Ebrié"}, ["ebu"] = {"Basa Embu", "Kiembu"}, ["ecr"] = {"Basa Eteocretan"}, ["ecs"] = {"Basa Isarat Ékuador"}, ["ecy"] = {"Basa Eteocypriot"}, ["eee"] = {"Basa E"}, ["efa"] = {"Basa Efai"}, ["efe"] = {"Basa Efe"}, ["efi"] = {"Basa Efik"}, ["ega"] = {"Basa Ega"}, ["egl"] = {"Basa Emilian"}, ["egm"] = {"Basa Benamanga"}, ["ego"] = {"Basa Eggon"}, ["egx"] = {"Rungkun basa Mesir"}, ["egy"] = {"Basa Mesir"}, ["ehs"] = {"Basa Isarat Miyakubo"}, ["ehu"] = {"Basa Ehueun"}, ["eip"] = {"Basa Eipomek"}, ["eit"] = {"Basa Eitiep"}, ["eiv"] = {"Basa Askopan"}, ["eja"] = {"Basa Ejamat"}, ["eka"] = {"Basa Ekajuk"}, ["eke"] = {"Basa Ekit"}, ["ekg"] = {"Basa Ekari"}, ["eki"] = {"Basa Eki"}, ["ekk"] = {"Basa Standard Estonian"}, ["ekl"] = {"Basa Kol (Bangladesh)", "Kol"}, ["ekm"] = {"Basa Elip"}, ["eko"] = {"Basa Koti"}, ["ekp"] = {"Basa Ekpeye"}, ["ekr"] = {"Basa Yace"}, ["eky"] = {"Basa Eastern Kayah"}, ["ele"] = {"Basa Elepi"}, ["elh"] = {"Basa El Hugeirat"}, ["eli"] = {"Basa Nding"}, ["elk"] = {"Basa Elkei"}, ["elm"] = {"Basa Eleme"}, ["elo"] = {"Basa El Molo"}, ["elu"] = {"Basa Elu"}, ["elx"] = {"Basa Elamite"}, ["ema"] = {"Basa Emai-Iuleha-Ora"}, ["emb"] = {"Basa Embaloh"}, ["eme"] = {"Basa Emerillon"}, ["emg"] = {"Basa Eastern Meohang"}, ["emi"] = {"Basa Mussau-Emira"}, ["emk"] = {"Basa Eastern Maninkakan"}, ["emm"] = {"Basa Mamulique"}, ["emn"] = {"Basa Eman"}, ["emp"] = {"Basa Northern Emberá"}, ["emq"] = {"Basa Eastern Minyag"}, ["ems"] = {"Basa Pacific Gulf Yupik"}, ["emu"] = {"Basa Eastern Muria"}, ["emw"] = {"Basa Emplawas"}, ["emx"] = {"Basa Erromintxela"}, ["emy"] = {"Basa Epigraphic Mayan"}, ["emz"] = {"Basa Mbessa"}, ["ena"] = {"Basa Apali"}, ["enb"] = {"Basa Markweeta"}, ["enc"] = {"Basa En"}, ["end"] = {"Basa Ende"}, ["enf"] = {"Basa Forest Enets"}, ["enh"] = {"Basa Tundra Enets"}, ["enl"] = {"Basa Enlhet"}, ["enm"] = {"Basa Middle English (1100-1500)"}, ["enn"] = {"Basa Engenni"}, ["eno"] = {"Basa Enggano"}, ["enq"] = {"Basa Enga"}, ["enr"] = {"Basa Emumu", "Emem"}, ["enu"] = {"Basa Enu"}, ["env"] = {"Basa Enwan (Edo State)"}, ["enw"] = {"Basa Enwan (Akwa Ibom State)"}, ["enx"] = {"Basa Enxet"}, ["eot"] = {"Basa Beti (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["epi"] = {"Basa Epie"}, ["era"] = {"Basa Eravallan"}, ["erg"] = {"Basa Sie"}, ["erh"] = {"Basa Eruwa"}, ["eri"] = {"Basa Ogea"}, ["erk"] = {"Basa South Efate"}, ["ero"] = {"Basa Horpa"}, ["err"] = {"Basa Erre"}, ["ers"] = {"Basa Ersu"}, ["ert"] = {"Basa Eritai"}, ["erw"] = {"Basa Erokwanas"}, ["ese"] = {"Basa Ese Ejja"}, ["esg"] = {"Basa Aheri Gondi"}, ["esh"] = {"Basa Eshtehardi"}, ["esi"] = {"Basa North Alaskan Inupiatun"}, ["esk"] = {"Basa Northwest Alaska Inupiatun"}, ["esl"] = {"Basa Isarat Mesir"}, ["esm"] = {"Basa Esuma"}, ["esn"] = {"Basa Isarat Salvador"}, ["eso"] = {"Basa Isarat Éstonia"}, ["esq"] = {"Basa Esselen"}, ["ess"] = {"Basa Central Siberian Yupik"}, ["esu"] = {"Basa Central Yupik"}, ["esx"] = {"Rungkun basa Éskimo-Aleut"}, ["esy"] = {"Basa Eskayan"}, ["etb"] = {"Basa Etebi"}, ["etc"] = {"Basa Etchemin"}, ["eth"] = {"Basa Isarat Étiopia"}, ["etn"] = {"Basa Eton (Vanuatu)"}, ["eto"] = {"Basa Eton (Kamerun)"}, ["etr"] = {"Basa Edolo"}, ["ets"] = {"Basa Yekhee"}, ["ett"] = {"Basa Etruscan"}, ["etu"] = {"Basa Ejagham"}, ["etx"] = {"Basa Eten"}, ["etz"] = {"Basa Semimi"}, ["eud"] = {"Basa Eudeve"}, ["euq"] = {"Basa Baska (kulawarga)"}, ["eve"] = {"Basa Even"}, ["evh"] = {"Basa Uvbie"}, ["evn"] = {"Basa Evenki"}, ["ewo"] = {"Basa Ewondo"}, ["ext"] = {"Basa Extremaduran"}, ["eya"] = {"Basa Eyak"}, ["eyo"] = {"Basa Keiyo"}, ["eza"] = {"Basa Ezaa"}, ["eze"] = {"Basa Uzekwe"}, ["faa"] = {"Basa Fasu"}, ["fab"] = {"Basa Fa d'Ambu"}, ["fad"] = {"Basa Wagi"}, ["faf"] = {"Basa Fagani"}, ["fag"] = {"Basa Finongan"}, ["fah"] = {"Basa Baissa Fali"}, ["fai"] = {"Basa Faiwol"}, ["faj"] = {"Basa Faita"}, ["fak"] = {"Basa Fang (Kamerun)"}, ["fal"] = {"Basa South Fali"}, ["fam"] = {"Basa Fam"}, ["fan"] = {"Basa Fang (Equatorial Guinea)"}, ["fap"] = {"Basa Paloor"}, ["far"] = {"Basa Fataleka"}, ["fat"] = {"Basa Fanti"}, ["fau"] = {"Basa Fayu"}, ["fax"] = {"Basa Fala"}, ["fay"] = {"Basa Southwestern Fars"}, ["faz"] = {"Basa Northwestern Fars"}, ["fbl"] = {"Basa West Albay Bikol"}, ["fcs"] = {"Basa Isarat Quebec"}, ["fer"] = {"Basa Feroge"}, ["ffi"] = {"Basa Foia Foia"}, ["ffm"] = {"Basa Maasina Fulfulde"}, ["fgr"] = {"Basa Fongoro"}, ["fia"] = {"Basa Nobiin"}, ["fie"] = {"Basa Fyer"}, ["fif"] = {"Basa Faifi"}, ["fil"] = {"Basa Filipino", "Pilipino"}, ["fip"] = {"Basa Fipa"}, ["fir"] = {"Basa Firan"}, ["fit"] = {"Basa Tornedalen Finnish", "Meänkieli"}, ["fiu"] = {"Rungkun basa Finno-Ugri"}, ["fiw"] = {"Basa Fiwaga"}, ["fkk"] = {"Basa Kirya-Konzəl"}, ["fkv"] = {"Basa Kven Finnish"}, ["fla"] = {"Basa Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille"}, ["flh"] = {"Basa Foau"}, ["fli"] = {"Basa Fali"}, ["fll"] = {"Basa North Fali"}, ["fln"] = {"Basa Flinders Island"}, ["flr"] = {"Basa Fuliiru"}, ["fly"] = {"Basa Flaaitaal", "Tsotsitaal"}, ["fmp"] = {"Basa Fe'fe'"}, ["fmu"] = {"Basa Far Western Muria"}, ["fnb"] = {"Basa Fanbak"}, ["fng"] = {"Basa Fanagalo"}, ["fni"] = {"Basa Fania"}, ["fod"] = {"Basa Foodo"}, ["foi"] = {"Basa Foi"}, ["fom"] = {"Basa Foma"}, ["fon"] = {"Basa Fon"}, ["for"] = {"Basa Fore"}, ["fos"] = {"Basa Siraya"}, ["fox"] = {"Rungkun basa Formosa"}, ["fpe"] = {"Basa Fernando Po Creole English"}, ["fqs"] = {"Basa Fas"}, ["frc"] = {"Basa Cajun French"}, ["frd"] = {"Basa Fordata"}, ["frk"] = {"Basa Frankish"}, ["frm"] = {"Basa Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)"}, ["fro"] = {"Basa Old French (842-ca. 1400)"}, ["frp"] = {"Basa Arpitan", "Francoprovençal"}, ["frq"] = {"Basa Forak"}, ["frr"] = {"Basa Northern Frisian"}, ["frs"] = {"Basa Eastern Frisian"}, ["frt"] = {"Basa Fortsenal"}, ["fse"] = {"Basa Isarat Finlandia"}, ["fsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Prancis"}, ["fss"] = {"Basa Isarat Finlandia Swédia", "finlandssvenskt teckenspråk", "suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli"}, ["fub"] = {"Basa Adamawa Fulfulde"}, ["fuc"] = {"Basa Pulaar"}, ["fud"] = {"Basa East Futuna"}, ["fue"] = {"Basa Borgu Fulfulde"}, ["fuf"] = {"Basa Pular"}, ["fuh"] = {"Basa Western Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fui"] = {"Basa Bagirmi Fulfulde"}, ["fuj"] = {"Basa Ko"}, ["fum"] = {"Basa Fum"}, ["fun"] = {"Basa Fulniô"}, ["fuq"] = {"Basa Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fur"] = {"Basa Friulian"}, ["fut"] = {"Basa Futuna-Aniwa"}, ["fuu"] = {"Basa Furu"}, ["fuv"] = {"Basa Nigerian Fulfulde"}, ["fuy"] = {"Basa Fuyug"}, ["fvr"] = {"Basa Fur"}, ["fwa"] = {"Basa Fwâi"}, ["fwe"] = {"Basa Fwe"}, ["gaa"] = {"Basa Ga"}, ["gab"] = {"Basa Gabri"}, ["gac"] = {"Basa Mixed Great Andamanese"}, ["gad"] = {"Basa Gaddang"}, ["gae"] = {"Basa Guarequena"}, ["gaf"] = {"Basa Gende"}, ["gag"] = {"Basa Gagauz"}, ["gah"] = {"Basa Alekano"}, ["gai"] = {"Basa Borei"}, ["gaj"] = {"Basa Gadsup"}, ["gak"] = {"Basa Gamkonora"}, ["gal"] = {"Basa Galolen"}, ["gam"] = {"Basa Kandawo"}, ["gan"] = {"Basa Gan Chinese"}, ["gao"] = {"Basa Gants"}, ["gap"] = {"Basa Gal"}, ["gaq"] = {"Basa Gata'"}, ["gar"] = {"Basa Galeya"}, ["gas"] = {"Basa Adiwasi Garasia"}, ["gat"] = {"Basa Kenati"}, ["gau"] = {"Basa Mudhili Gadaba"}, ["gaw"] = {"Basa Nobonob"}, ["gax"] = {"Basa Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo"}, ["gay"] = {"Basa Gayo"}, ["gaz"] = {"Basa West Central Oromo"}, ["gba"] = {"Basa Gbaya (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["gbb"] = {"Basa Kaytetye"}, ["gbd"] = {"Basa Karajarri"}, ["gbe"] = {"Basa Niksek"}, ["gbf"] = {"Basa Gaikundi"}, ["gbg"] = {"Basa Gbanziri"}, ["gbh"] = {"Basa Defi Gbe"}, ["gbi"] = {"Basa Galela"}, ["gbj"] = {"Basa Bodo Gadaba"}, ["gbk"] = {"Basa Gaddi"}, ["gbl"] = {"Basa Gamit"}, ["gbm"] = {"Basa Garhwali"}, ["gbn"] = {"Basa Mo'da"}, ["gbo"] = {"Basa Northern Grebo"}, ["gbp"] = {"Basa Gbaya-Bossangoa"}, ["gbq"] = {"Basa Gbaya-Bozoum"}, ["gbr"] = {"Basa Gbagyi"}, ["gbs"] = {"Basa Gbesi Gbe"}, ["gbu"] = {"Basa Gagadu"}, ["gbv"] = {"Basa Gbanu"}, ["gbw"] = {"Basa Gabi-Gabi"}, ["gbx"] = {"Basa Eastern Xwla Gbe"}, ["gby"] = {"Basa Gbari"}, ["gbz"] = {"Basa Zoroastrian Dari"}, ["gcc"] = {"Basa Mali"}, ["gcd"] = {"Basa Ganggalida"}, ["gce"] = {"Basa Galice"}, ["gcf"] = {"Basa Guadeloupean Creole French"}, ["gcl"] = {"Basa Grenadian Creole English"}, ["gcn"] = {"Basa Gaina"}, ["gcr"] = {"Basa Guianese Creole French"}, ["gct"] = {"Basa Colonia Tovar German"}, ["gda"] = {"Basa Gade Lohar"}, ["gdb"] = {"Basa Pottangi Ollar Gadaba"}, ["gdc"] = {"Basa Gugu Badhun"}, ["gdd"] = {"Basa Gedaged"}, ["gde"] = {"Basa Gude"}, ["gdf"] = {"Basa Guduf-Gava"}, ["gdg"] = {"Basa Ga'dang"}, ["gdh"] = {"Basa Gadjerawang", "Gajirrabeng"}, ["gdi"] = {"Basa Gundi"}, ["gdj"] = {"Basa Gurdjar"}, ["gdk"] = {"Basa Gadang"}, ["gdl"] = {"Basa Dirasha"}, ["gdm"] = {"Basa Laal"}, ["gdn"] = {"Basa Umanakaina"}, ["gdo"] = {"Basa Ghodoberi"}, ["gdq"] = {"Basa Mehri"}, ["gdr"] = {"Basa Wipi"}, ["gds"] = {"Basa Isarat Ghandruk"}, ["gdt"] = {"Basa Kungardutyi"}, ["gdu"] = {"Basa Gudu"}, ["gdx"] = {"Basa Godwari"}, ["gea"] = {"Basa Geruma"}, ["geb"] = {"Basa Kire"}, ["gec"] = {"Basa Gboloo Grebo"}, ["ged"] = {"Basa Gade"}, ["gef"] = {"Basa Gerai"}, ["geg"] = {"Basa Gengle"}, ["geh"] = {"Basa Hutterite German", "Hutterisch"}, ["gei"] = {"Basa Gebe"}, ["gej"] = {"Basa Gen"}, ["gek"] = {"Basa Ywom"}, ["gel"] = {"Basa ut-Ma'in"}, ["gem"] = {"Rungkun basa Jérmanik"}, ["geq"] = {"Basa Geme"}, ["ges"] = {"Basa Geser-Gorom"}, ["gev"] = {"Basa Eviya"}, ["gew"] = {"Basa Gera"}, ["gex"] = {"Basa Garre"}, ["gey"] = {"Basa Enya"}, ["gez"] = {"Basa Geez"}, ["gfk"] = {"Basa Patpatar"}, ["gft"] = {"Basa Gafat"}, ["gga"] = {"Basa Gao"}, ["ggb"] = {"Basa Gbii"}, ["ggd"] = {"Basa Gugadj"}, ["gge"] = {"Basa Gurr-goni"}, ["ggg"] = {"Basa Gurgula"}, ["ggk"] = {"Basa Kungarakany"}, ["ggl"] = {"Basa Ganglau"}, ["ggt"] = {"Basa Gitua"}, ["ggu"] = {"Basa Gagu", "Gban"}, ["ggw"] = {"Basa Gogodala"}, ["gha"] = {"Basa Ghadamès"}, ["ghc"] = {"Basa Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic"}, ["ghe"] = {"Basa Southern Ghale"}, ["ghh"] = {"Basa Northern Ghale"}, ["ghk"] = {"Basa Geko Karen"}, ["ghl"] = {"Basa Ghulfan"}, ["ghn"] = {"Basa Ghanongga"}, ["gho"] = {"Basa Ghomara"}, ["ghr"] = {"Basa Ghera"}, ["ghs"] = {"Basa Guhu-Samane"}, ["ght"] = {"Basa Kuke", "Kutang Ghale"}, ["gia"] = {"Basa Kija"}, ["gib"] = {"Basa Gibanawa"}, ["gic"] = {"Basa Gail"}, ["gid"] = {"Basa Gidar"}, ["gie"] = {"Basa Gaɓogbo", "Guébie"}, ["gig"] = {"Basa Goaria"}, ["gih"] = {"Basa Githabul"}, ["gii"] = {"Basa Girirra"}, ["gil"] = {"Basa Gilbertese"}, ["gim"] = {"Basa Gimi (Eastern Highlands)"}, ["gin"] = {"Basa Hinukh"}, ["gip"] = {"Basa Gimi (West New Britain)"}, ["giq"] = {"Basa Green Gelao"}, ["gir"] = {"Basa Red Gelao"}, ["gis"] = {"Basa North Giziga"}, ["git"] = {"Basa Gitxsan"}, ["giu"] = {"Basa Mulao"}, ["giw"] = {"Basa White Gelao"}, ["gix"] = {"Basa Gilima"}, ["giy"] = {"Basa Giyug"}, ["giz"] = {"Basa South Giziga"}, ["gjk"] = {"Basa Kachi Koli"}, ["gjm"] = {"Basa Gunditjmara"}, ["gjn"] = {"Basa Gonja"}, ["gjr"] = {"Basa Gurindji Kriol"}, ["gju"] = {"Basa Gujari"}, ["gka"] = {"Basa Guya"}, ["gkd"] = {"Basa Magɨ (Madang Province)"}, ["gke"] = {"Basa Ndai"}, ["gkn"] = {"Basa Gokana"}, ["gko"] = {"Basa Kok-Nar"}, ["gkp"] = {"Basa Guinea Kpelle"}, ["gku"] = {"Basa ǂUngkue"}, ["glb"] = {"Basa Belning"}, ["glc"] = {"Basa Bon Gula"}, ["gld"] = {"Basa Nanai"}, ["glh"] = {"Basa Northwest Pashai", "Northwest Pashayi"}, ["glj"] = {"Basa Gula Iro"}, ["glk"] = {"Basa Gilaki"}, ["gll"] = {"Basa Garlali"}, ["glo"] = {"Basa Galambu"}, ["glr"] = {"Basa Glaro-Twabo"}, ["glu"] = {"Basa Gula (Chad)"}, ["glw"] = {"Basa Glavda"}, ["gly"] = {"Basa Gule"}, ["gma"] = {"Basa Gambera"}, ["gmb"] = {"Basa Gula'alaa"}, ["gmd"] = {"Basa Mághdì"}, ["gme"] = {"Rungkun basa Jérmanik Wétan"}, ["gmg"] = {"Basa Magɨyi"}, ["gmh"] = {"Basa Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)"}, ["gml"] = {"Basa Middle Low German"}, ["gmm"] = {"Basa Gbaya-Mbodomo"}, ["gmn"] = {"Basa Gimnime"}, ["gmq"] = {"Rungkun basa Jérmanik Kalér"}, ["gmr"] = {"Basa Mirning", "Mirniny"}, ["gmu"] = {"Basa Gumalu"}, ["gmv"] = {"Basa Gamo"}, ["gmw"] = {"Rungkun basa Jérmanik Kulon"}, ["gmx"] = {"Basa Magoma"}, ["gmy"] = {"Basa Mycenaean Greek"}, ["gmz"] = {"Basa Mgbolizhia"}, ["gna"] = {"Basa Kaansa"}, ["gnb"] = {"Basa Gangte"}, ["gnc"] = {"Basa Guanche"}, ["gnd"] = {"Basa Zulgo-Gemzek"}, ["gne"] = {"Basa Ganang"}, ["gng"] = {"Basa Ngangam"}, ["gnh"] = {"Basa Lere"}, ["gni"] = {"Basa Gooniyandi"}, ["gnj"] = {"Basa Ngen"}, ["gnk"] = {"Basa ǁGana"}, ["gnl"] = {"Basa Gangulu"}, ["gnm"] = {"Basa Ginuman"}, ["gnn"] = {"Basa Gumatj"}, ["gno"] = {"Basa Northern Gondi"}, ["gnq"] = {"Basa Gana"}, ["gnr"] = {"Basa Gureng Gureng"}, ["gnt"] = {"Basa Guntai"}, ["gnu"] = {"Basa Gnau"}, ["gnw"] = {"Basa Western Bolivian Guaraní"}, ["gnz"] = {"Basa Ganzi"}, ["goa"] = {"Basa Guro"}, ["gob"] = {"Basa Playero"}, ["goc"] = {"Basa Gorakor"}, ["god"] = {"Basa Godié"}, ["goe"] = {"Basa Gongduk"}, ["gof"] = {"Basa Gofa"}, ["gog"] = {"Basa Gogo"}, ["goh"] = {"Basa Old High German (ca. 750-1050)"}, ["goi"] = {"Basa Gobasi"}, ["goj"] = {"Basa Gowlan"}, ["gok"] = {"Basa Gowli"}, ["gol"] = {"Basa Gola"}, ["gom"] = {"Basa Goan Konkani"}, ["gon"] = {"Basa Gondi"}, ["goo"] = {"Basa Gone Dau"}, ["gop"] = {"Basa Yeretuar"}, ["goq"] = {"Basa Gorap"}, ["gor"] = {"Basa Gorontalo"}, ["gos"] = {"Basa Gronings"}, ["got"] = {"Basa Gothic"}, ["gou"] = {"Basa Gavar"}, ["gov"] = {"Basa Goo"}, ["gow"] = {"Basa Gorowa"}, ["gox"] = {"Basa Gobu"}, ["goy"] = {"Basa Goundo"}, ["goz"] = {"Basa Gozarkhani"}, ["gpa"] = {"Basa Gupa-Abawa"}, ["gpe"] = {"Basa Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, ["gpn"] = {"Basa Taiap"}, ["gqa"] = {"Basa Ga'anda"}, ["gqi"] = {"Basa Guiqiong"}, ["gqn"] = {"Basa Guana (Brasil)"}, ["gqr"] = {"Basa Gor"}, ["gqu"] = {"Basa Qau"}, ["gra"] = {"Basa Rajput Garasia"}, ["grb"] = {"Basa Grebo"}, ["grc"] = {"Basa Ancient Greek (to 1453)"}, ["grd"] = {"Basa Guruntum-Mbaaru"}, ["grg"] = {"Basa Madi"}, ["grh"] = {"Basa Gbiri-Niragu"}, ["gri"] = {"Basa Ghari"}, ["grj"] = {"Basa Southern Grebo"}, ["grk"] = {"Rungkun basa Yunani"}, ["grm"] = {"Basa Kota Marudu Talantang"}, ["gro"] = {"Basa Groma"}, ["grq"] = {"Basa Gorovu"}, ["grr"] = {"Basa Taznatit"}, ["grs"] = {"Basa Gresi"}, ["grt"] = {"Basa Garo"}, ["gru"] = {"Basa Kistane"}, ["grv"] = {"Basa Central Grebo"}, ["grw"] = {"Basa Gweda"}, ["grx"] = {"Basa Guriaso"}, ["gry"] = {"Basa Barclayville Grebo"}, ["grz"] = {"Basa Guramalum"}, ["gse"] = {"Basa Isarat Ghana"}, ["gsg"] = {"Basa Isarat Jérman"}, ["gsl"] = {"Basa Gusilay"}, ["gsm"] = {"Basa Isarat Guatémala"}, ["gsn"] = {"Basa Nema", "Gusan"}, ["gso"] = {"Basa Southwest Gbaya"}, ["gsp"] = {"Basa Wasembo"}, ["gss"] = {"Basa Isarat Yunani"}, ["gsw"] = {"Basa Suis Jérman", "Alemannic", "Alsatian"}, ["gta"] = {"Basa Guató"}, ["gtu"] = {"Basa Aghu-Tharnggala"}, ["gua"] = {"Basa Shiki"}, ["gub"] = {"Basa Guajajára"}, ["guc"] = {"Basa Wayuu"}, ["gud"] = {"Basa Yocoboué Dida"}, ["gue"] = {"Basa Gurindji"}, ["guf"] = {"Basa Gupapuyngu"}, ["gug"] = {"Basa Paraguayan Guaraní"}, ["guh"] = {"Basa Guahibo"}, ["gui"] = {"Basa Eastern Bolivian Guaraní"}, ["guk"] = {"Basa Gumuz"}, ["gul"] = {"Basa Sea Island Creole English"}, ["gum"] = {"Basa Guambiano"}, ["gun"] = {"Basa Mbyá Guaraní"}, ["guo"] = {"Basa Guayabero"}, ["gup"] = {"Basa Gunwinggu"}, ["guq"] = {"Basa Aché"}, ["gur"] = {"Basa Farefare"}, ["gus"] = {"Basa Isarat Guinéa"}, ["gut"] = {"Basa Maléku Jaíka"}, ["guu"] = {"Basa Yanomamö"}, ["guw"] = {"Basa Gun"}, ["gux"] = {"Basa Gourmanchéma"}, ["guz"] = {"Basa Gusii", "Ekegusii"}, ["gva"] = {"Basa Guana (Paraguay)"}, ["gvc"] = {"Basa Guanano"}, ["gve"] = {"Basa Duwet"}, ["gvf"] = {"Basa Golin"}, ["gvj"] = {"Basa Guajá"}, ["gvl"] = {"Basa Gulay"}, ["gvm"] = {"Basa Gurmana"}, ["gvn"] = {"Basa Kuku-Yalanji"}, ["gvo"] = {"Basa Gavião Do Jiparaná"}, ["gvp"] = {"Basa Pará Gavião"}, ["gvr"] = {"Basa Gurung"}, ["gvs"] = {"Basa Gumawana"}, ["gvy"] = {"Basa Guyani"}, ["gwa"] = {"Basa Mbato"}, ["gwb"] = {"Basa Gwa"}, ["gwc"] = {"Basa Gawri", "Kalami"}, ["gwd"] = {"Basa Gawwada"}, ["gwe"] = {"Basa Gweno"}, ["gwf"] = {"Basa Gowro"}, ["gwg"] = {"Basa Moo"}, ["gwi"] = {"Basa Gwichʼin"}, ["gwj"] = {"Basa ǀGwi"}, ["gwm"] = {"Basa Awngthim"}, ["gwn"] = {"Basa Gwandara"}, ["gwr"] = {"Basa Gwere"}, ["gwt"] = {"Basa Gawar-Bati"}, ["gwu"] = {"Basa Guwamu"}, ["gww"] = {"Basa Kwini"}, ["gwx"] = {"Basa Gua"}, ["gxx"] = {"Basa Wè Southern"}, ["gya"] = {"Basa Northwest Gbaya"}, ["gyb"] = {"Basa Garus"}, ["gyd"] = {"Basa Kayardild"}, ["gye"] = {"Basa Gyem"}, ["gyf"] = {"Basa Gungabula"}, ["gyg"] = {"Basa Gbayi"}, ["gyi"] = {"Basa Gyele"}, ["gyl"] = {"Basa Gayil"}, ["gym"] = {"Basa Ngäbere"}, ["gyn"] = {"Basa Guyanese Creole English"}, ["gyo"] = {"Basa Gyalsumdo"}, ["gyr"] = {"Basa Guarayu"}, ["gyy"] = {"Basa Gunya"}, ["gyz"] = {"Basa Geji", "Gyaazi"}, ["gza"] = {"Basa Ganza"}, ["gzi"] = {"Basa Gazi"}, ["gzn"] = {"Basa Gane"}, ["haa"] = {"Basa Hän"}, ["hab"] = {"Basa Isarat Hanoi"}, ["hac"] = {"Basa Gurani"}, ["had"] = {"Basa Hatam"}, ["hae"] = {"Basa Eastern Oromo"}, ["haf"] = {"Basa Isarat Haiphong"}, ["hag"] = {"Basa Hanga"}, ["hah"] = {"Basa Hahon"}, ["hai"] = {"Basa Haida"}, ["haj"] = {"Basa Hajong"}, ["hak"] = {"Basa Hakka Chinese"}, ["hal"] = {"Basa Halang"}, ["ham"] = {"Basa Hewa"}, ["han"] = {"Basa Hangaza"}, ["hao"] = {"Basa Hakö"}, ["hap"] = {"Basa Hupla"}, ["haq"] = {"Basa Ha"}, ["har"] = {"Basa Harari"}, ["has"] = {"Basa Haisla"}, ["hav"] = {"Basa Havu"}, ["haw"] = {"Basa Hawaiian"}, ["hax"] = {"Basa Southern Haida"}, ["hay"] = {"Basa Haya"}, ["haz"] = {"Basa Hazaragi"}, ["hba"] = {"Basa Hamba"}, ["hbb"] = {"Basa Huba"}, ["hbn"] = {"Basa Heiban"}, ["hbo"] = {"Basa Ancient Hebrew"}, ["hbu"] = {"Basa Habu"}, ["hca"] = {"Basa Andaman Creole Hindi"}, ["hch"] = {"Basa Huichol"}, ["hdn"] = {"Basa Northern Haida"}, ["hds"] = {"Basa Isarat Honduras"}, ["hdy"] = {"Basa Hadiyya"}, ["hea"] = {"Basa Northern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hed"] = {"Basa Herdé"}, ["heg"] = {"Basa Helong"}, ["heh"] = {"Basa Hehe"}, ["hei"] = {"Basa Heiltsuk"}, ["hem"] = {"Basa Hemba"}, ["hgm"] = {"Basa Haiǁom"}, ["hgw"] = {"Basa Haigwai"}, ["hhi"] = {"Basa Hoia Hoia"}, ["hhr"] = {"Basa Kerak"}, ["hhy"] = {"Basa Hoyahoya"}, ["hia"] = {"Basa Lamang"}, ["hib"] = {"Basa Hibito"}, ["hid"] = {"Basa Hidatsa"}, ["hif"] = {"Basa Fiji Hindi"}, ["hig"] = {"Basa Kamwe"}, ["hih"] = {"Basa Pamosu"}, ["hii"] = {"Basa Hinduri"}, ["hij"] = {"Basa Hijuk"}, ["hik"] = {"Basa Seit-Kaitetu"}, ["hil"] = {"Basa Hiligaynon"}, ["him"] = {"Rungkun basa Himachal", "Rungkun basa Pahar Kulon"}, ["hio"] = {"Basa Tsoa"}, ["hir"] = {"Basa Himarimã"}, ["hit"] = {"Basa Hittite"}, ["hiw"] = {"Basa Hiw"}, ["hix"] = {"Basa Hixkaryána"}, ["hji"] = {"Basa Haji"}, ["hka"] = {"Basa Kahe"}, ["hke"] = {"Basa Hunde"}, ["hkh"] = {"Basa Khah", "Poguli"}, ["hkk"] = {"Basa Hunjara-Kaina Ke"}, ["hkn"] = {"Basa Mel-Khaonh"}, ["hks"] = {"Basa Isarat Hong Kong", "Heung Kong Sau Yue"}, ["hla"] = {"Basa Halia"}, ["hlb"] = {"Basa Halbi"}, ["hld"] = {"Basa Halang Doan"}, ["hle"] = {"Basa Hlersu"}, ["hlt"] = {"Basa Matu Chin"}, ["hlu"] = {"Basa Hieroglyphic Luwian"}, ["hma"] = {"Basa Southern Mashan Hmong", "Southern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmb"] = {"Basa Humburi Senni Songhay"}, ["hmc"] = {"Basa Central Huishui Hmong", "Central Huishui Miao"}, ["hmd"] = {"Basa Large Flowery Miao", "A-hmaos", "Da-Hua Miao"}, ["hme"] = {"Basa Eastern Huishui Hmong", "Eastern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmf"] = {"Basa Hmong Don"}, ["hmg"] = {"Basa Southwestern Guiyang Hmong"}, ["hmh"] = {"Basa Southwestern Huishui Hmong", "Southwestern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmi"] = {"Basa Northern Huishui Hmong", "Northern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmj"] = {"Basa Ge", "Gejia"}, ["hmk"] = {"Basa Maek"}, ["hml"] = {"Basa Luopohe Hmong", "Luopohe Miao"}, ["hmm"] = {"Basa Central Mashan Hmong", "Central Mashan Miao"}, ["hmn"] = {"Basa Hmong", "Mong"}, ["hmp"] = {"Basa Northern Mashan Hmong", "Northern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmq"] = {"Basa Eastern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmr"] = {"Basa Hmar"}, ["hms"] = {"Basa Southern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmt"] = {"Basa Hamtai"}, ["hmu"] = {"Basa Hamap"}, ["hmv"] = {"Basa Hmong Dô"}, ["hmw"] = {"Basa Western Mashan Hmong", "Western Mashan Miao"}, ["hmx"] = {"Rungkun basa Hmong-Mien"}, ["hmy"] = {"Basa Southern Guiyang Hmong", "Southern Guiyang Miao"}, ["hmz"] = {"Basa Hmong Shua", "Sinicized Miao"}, ["hna"] = {"Basa Mina (Kamerun)"}, ["hnd"] = {"Basa Southern Hindko"}, ["hne"] = {"Basa Chhattisgarhi"}, ["hng"] = {"Basa Hungu"}, ["hnh"] = {"Basa ǁAni"}, ["hni"] = {"Basa Hani"}, ["hnj"] = {"Basa Hmong Njua", "Mong Leng", "Mong Njua"}, ["hnm"] = {"Basa Hainanese"}, ["hnn"] = {"Basa Hanunoo"}, ["hno"] = {"Basa Northern Hindko"}, ["hns"] = {"Basa Caribbean Hindustani"}, ["hnu"] = {"Basa Hung"}, ["hoa"] = {"Basa Hoava"}, ["hob"] = {"Basa Mari (Madang Province)"}, ["hoc"] = {"Basa Ho"}, ["hod"] = {"Basa Holma"}, ["hoe"] = {"Basa Horom"}, ["hoh"] = {"Basa Hobyót"}, ["hoi"] = {"Basa Holikachuk"}, ["hoj"] = {"Basa Hadothi", "Haroti"}, ["hok"] = {"Rungkun basa Hokan"}, ["hol"] = {"Basa Holu"}, ["hom"] = {"Basa Homa"}, ["hoo"] = {"Basa Holoholo"}, ["hop"] = {"Basa Hopi"}, ["hor"] = {"Basa Horo"}, ["hos"] = {"Basa Isarat Ho Chi Minh City"}, ["hot"] = {"Basa Hote", "Malê"}, ["hov"] = {"Basa Hovongan"}, ["how"] = {"Basa Honi"}, ["hoy"] = {"Basa Holiya"}, ["hoz"] = {"Basa Hozo"}, ["hpo"] = {"Basa Hpon"}, ["hps"] = {"Basa Isarat Hawai'i", "Basa Isarat Pidgin Hawai'i"}, ["hra"] = {"Basa Hrangkhol"}, ["hrc"] = {"Basa Niwer Mil"}, ["hre"] = {"Basa Hre"}, ["hrk"] = {"Basa Haruku"}, ["hrm"] = {"Basa Horned Miao"}, ["hro"] = {"Basa Haroi"}, ["hrp"] = {"Basa Nhirrpi"}, ["hrt"] = {"Basa Hértevin"}, ["hru"] = {"Basa Hruso"}, ["hrw"] = {"Basa Warwar Feni"}, ["hrx"] = {"Basa Hunsrik"}, ["hrz"] = {"Basa Harzani"}, ["hsb"] = {"Basa Upper Sorbian"}, ["hsh"] = {"Basa Isarat Hungaria"}, ["hsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Hausa"}, ["hsn"] = {"Basa Xiang Chinese"}, ["hss"] = {"Basa Harsusi"}, ["hti"] = {"Basa Hoti"}, ["hto"] = {"Basa Minica Huitoto"}, ["hts"] = {"Basa Hadza"}, ["htu"] = {"Basa Hitu"}, ["htx"] = {"Basa Middle Hittite"}, ["hub"] = {"Basa Huambisa"}, ["huc"] = {"Basa ǂHua", "ǂʼAmkhoe"}, ["hud"] = {"Basa Huaulu"}, ["hue"] = {"Basa San Francisco Del Mar Huave"}, ["huf"] = {"Basa Humene"}, ["hug"] = {"Basa Huachipaeri"}, ["huh"] = {"Basa Huilliche"}, ["hui"] = {"Basa Huli"}, ["huj"] = {"Basa Northern Guiyang Hmong", "Northern Guiyang Miao"}, ["huk"] = {"Basa Hulung"}, ["hul"] = {"Basa Hula"}, ["hum"] = {"Basa Hungana"}, ["huo"] = {"Basa Hu"}, ["hup"] = {"Basa Hupa"}, ["huq"] = {"Basa Tsat"}, ["hur"] = {"Basa Halkomelem"}, ["hus"] = {"Basa Huastec"}, ["hut"] = {"Basa Humla"}, ["huu"] = {"Basa Murui Huitoto"}, ["huv"] = {"Basa San Mateo Del Mar Huave"}, ["huw"] = {"Basa Hukumina"}, ["hux"] = {"Basa Nüpode Huitoto"}, ["huy"] = {"Basa Hulaulá"}, ["huz"] = {"Basa Hunzib"}, ["hvc"] = {"Basa Haitian Vodoun Culture Language"}, ["hve"] = {"Basa San Dionisio Del Mar Huave"}, ["hvk"] = {"Basa Haveke"}, ["hvn"] = {"Basa Sabu"}, ["hvv"] = {"Basa Santa María Del Mar Huave"}, ["hwa"] = {"Basa Wané"}, ["hwc"] = {"Basa Hawai'i Creole English", "Hawai'i Pidgin"}, ["hwo"] = {"Basa Hwana"}, ["hya"] = {"Basa Hya"}, ["hyw"] = {"Basa Western Armenian"}, ["hyx"] = {"Basa Arménia (kulawarga)"}, ["iai"] = {"Basa Iaai"}, ["ian"] = {"Basa Iatmul"}, ["iar"] = {"Basa Purari"}, ["iba"] = {"Basa Iban"}, ["ibb"] = {"Basa Ibibio"}, ["ibd"] = {"Basa Iwaidja"}, ["ibe"] = {"Basa Akpes"}, ["ibg"] = {"Basa Ibanag"}, ["ibh"] = {"Basa Bih"}, ["ibl"] = {"Basa Ibaloi"}, ["ibm"] = {"Basa Agoi"}, ["ibn"] = {"Basa Ibino"}, ["ibr"] = {"Basa Ibuoro"}, ["ibu"] = {"Basa Ibu"}, ["iby"] = {"Basa Ibani"}, ["ica"] = {"Basa Ede Ica"}, ["ich"] = {"Basa Etkywan"}, ["icl"] = {"Basa Isarat Islandia"}, ["icr"] = {"Basa Islander Creole English"}, ["ida"] = {"Basa Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki", "Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi"}, ["idb"] = {"Basa Indo-Portuguese"}, ["idc"] = {"Basa Idon", "Ajiya"}, ["idd"] = {"Basa Ede Idaca"}, ["ide"] = {"Basa Idere"}, ["idi"] = {"Basa Idi"}, ["idr"] = {"Basa Indri"}, ["ids"] = {"Basa Idesa"}, ["idt"] = {"Basa Idaté"}, ["idu"] = {"Basa Idoma"}, ["ifa"] = {"Basa Amganad Ifugao"}, ["ifb"] = {"Basa Batad Ifugao", "Ayangan Ifugao"}, ["ife"] = {"Basa Ifè"}, ["iff"] = {"Basa Ifo"}, ["ifk"] = {"Basa Tuwali Ifugao"}, ["ifm"] = {"Basa Teke-Fuumu"}, ["ifu"] = {"Basa Mayoyao Ifugao"}, ["ify"] = {"Basa Keley-I Kallahan"}, ["igb"] = {"Basa Ebira"}, ["ige"] = {"Basa Igede"}, ["igg"] = {"Basa Igana"}, ["igl"] = {"Basa Igala"}, ["igm"] = {"Basa Kanggape"}, ["ign"] = {"Basa Ignaciano"}, ["igo"] = {"Basa Isebe"}, ["igs"] = {"Basa Interglossa"}, ["igw"] = {"Basa Igwe"}, ["ihb"] = {"Basa Iha Based Pidgin"}, ["ihi"] = {"Basa Ihievbe"}, ["ihp"] = {"Basa Iha"}, ["ihw"] = {"Basa Bidhawal"}, ["iin"] = {"Basa Thiin"}, ["iir"] = {"Rungkun basa Indo-Iran"}, ["ijc"] = {"Basa Izon"}, ["ije"] = {"Basa Biseni"}, ["ijj"] = {"Basa Ede Ije"}, ["ijn"] = {"Basa Kalabari"}, ["ijo"] = {"Rungkun basa Ijo"}, ["ijs"] = {"Basa Southeast Ijo"}, ["ike"] = {"Basa Eastern Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["ikh"] = {"Basa Ikhin-Arokho"}, ["iki"] = {"Basa Iko"}, ["ikk"] = {"Basa Ika"}, ["ikl"] = {"Basa Ikulu"}, ["iko"] = {"Basa Olulumo-Ikom"}, ["ikp"] = {"Basa Ikpeshi"}, ["ikr"] = {"Basa Ikaranggal"}, ["iks"] = {"Basa Isarat Inuit"}, ["ikt"] = {"Basa Inuinnaqtun", "Western Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["ikv"] = {"Basa Iku-Gora-Ankwa"}, ["ikw"] = {"Basa Ikwere"}, ["ikx"] = {"Basa Ik"}, ["ikz"] = {"Basa Ikizu"}, ["ila"] = {"Basa Ile Ape"}, ["ilb"] = {"Basa Ila"}, ["ilg"] = {"Basa Garig-Ilgar"}, ["ili"] = {"Basa Ili Turki"}, ["ilk"] = {"Basa Ilongot"}, ["ilm"] = {"Basa Iranun (Malaysia)"}, ["ilo"] = {"Basa Iloko"}, ["ilp"] = {"Basa Iranun (Philippines)"}, ["ils"] = {"Basa International Sign"}, ["ilu"] = {"Basa Ili'uun"}, ["ilv"] = {"Basa Ilue"}, ["ima"] = {"Basa Mala Malasar"}, ["imi"] = {"Basa Anamgura"}, ["iml"] = {"Basa Miluk"}, ["imn"] = {"Basa Imonda"}, ["imo"] = {"Basa Imbongu"}, ["imr"] = {"Basa Imroing"}, ["ims"] = {"Basa Marsian"}, ["imt"] = {"Basa Imotong"}, ["imy"] = {"Basa Milyan"}, ["inb"] = {"Basa Inga"}, ["inc"] = {"Rungkun basa Indo-Arya"}, ["ine"] = {"Rungkun basa Indo-Éropa"}, ["ing"] = {"Basa Degexit'an"}, ["inh"] = {"Basa Ingush"}, ["inj"] = {"Basa Jungle Inga"}, ["inl"] = {"Basa Isarat Indonésia"}, ["inm"] = {"Basa Minaean"}, ["inn"] = {"Basa Isinai"}, ["ino"] = {"Basa Inoke-Yate"}, ["inp"] = {"Basa Iñapari"}, ["ins"] = {"Basa Isarat India"}, ["int"] = {"Basa Intha"}, ["inz"] = {"Basa Ineseño"}, ["ior"] = {"Basa Inor"}, ["iou"] = {"Basa Tuma-Irumu"}, ["iow"] = {"Basa Iowa-Oto"}, ["ipi"] = {"Basa Ipili"}, ["ipo"] = {"Basa Ipiko"}, ["iqu"] = {"Basa Iquito"}, ["iqw"] = {"Basa Ikwo"}, ["ira"] = {"Rungkun basa Iran"}, ["ire"] = {"Basa Iresim"}, ["irh"] = {"Basa Irarutu"}, ["iri"] = {"Basa Rigwe", "Irigwe"}, ["irk"] = {"Basa Iraqw"}, ["irn"] = {"Basa Irántxe"}, ["iro"] = {"Rungkun basa Iroquoian"}, ["irr"] = {"Basa Ir"}, ["iru"] = {"Basa Irula"}, ["irx"] = {"Basa Kamberau"}, ["iry"] = {"Basa Iraya"}, ["isa"] = {"Basa Isabi"}, ["isc"] = {"Basa Isconahua"}, ["isd"] = {"Basa Isnag"}, ["ise"] = {"Basa Isarat Italia"}, ["isg"] = {"Basa Isarat Irlandia"}, ["ish"] = {"Basa Esan"}, ["isi"] = {"Basa Nkem-Nkum"}, ["isk"] = {"Basa Ishkashimi"}, ["ism"] = {"Basa Masimasi"}, ["isn"] = {"Basa Isanzu"}, ["iso"] = {"Basa Isoko"}, ["isr"] = {"Basa Isarat Israél"}, ["ist"] = {"Basa Istriot"}, ["isu"] = {"Basa Isu", "Isu (Menchum Division)"}, ["isv"] = {"Basa Interslavic"}, ["itb"] = {"Basa Binongan Itneg"}, ["itc"] = {"Rungkun basa Italik"}, ["itd"] = {"Basa Southern Tidung"}, ["ite"] = {"Basa Itene"}, ["iti"] = {"Basa Inlaod Itneg"}, ["itk"] = {"Basa Judeo-Italian"}, ["itl"] = {"Basa Itelmen"}, ["itm"] = {"Basa Itu Mbon Uzo"}, ["ito"] = {"Basa Itonama"}, ["itr"] = {"Basa Iteri"}, ["its"] = {"Basa Isekiri"}, ["itt"] = {"Basa Maeng Itneg"}, ["itv"] = {"Basa Itawit"}, ["itw"] = {"Basa Ito"}, ["itx"] = {"Basa Itik"}, ["ity"] = {"Basa Moyadan Itneg"}, ["itz"] = {"Basa Itzá"}, ["ium"] = {"Basa Iu Mien"}, ["ivb"] = {"Basa Ibatan"}, ["ivv"] = {"Basa Ivatan"}, ["iwk"] = {"Basa I-Wak"}, ["iwm"] = {"Basa Iwam"}, ["iwo"] = {"Basa Iwur"}, ["iws"] = {"Basa Sepik Iwam"}, ["ixc"] = {"Basa Ixcatec"}, ["ixl"] = {"Basa Ixil"}, ["iya"] = {"Basa Iyayu"}, ["iyo"] = {"Basa Mesaka"}, ["iyx"] = {"Basa Yaka (Kongo)"}, ["izh"] = {"Basa Ingrian"}, ["izm"] = {"Basa Kizamani"}, ["izr"] = {"Basa Izere"}, ["izz"] = {"Basa Izii"}, ["jaa"] = {"Basa Jamamadí"}, ["jab"] = {"Basa Hyam"}, ["jac"] = {"Basa Popti'", "Jakalteko"}, ["jad"] = {"Basa Jahanka"}, ["jae"] = {"Basa Yabem"}, ["jaf"] = {"Basa Jara"}, ["jah"] = {"Basa Jah Hut"}, ["jaj"] = {"Basa Zazao"}, ["jak"] = {"Basa Jakun"}, ["jal"] = {"Basa Yalahatan"}, ["jam"] = {"Basa Jamaican Creole English"}, ["jan"] = {"Basa Jandai"}, ["jao"] = {"Basa Yanyuwa"}, ["jaq"] = {"Basa Yaqay"}, ["jas"] = {"Basa New Caledonian Javanese"}, ["jat"] = {"Basa Jakati"}, ["jau"] = {"Basa Yaur"}, ["jax"] = {"Basa Jambi Malay"}, ["jay"] = {"Basa Yan-nhangu", "Nhangu"}, ["jaz"] = {"Basa Jawe"}, ["jbe"] = {"Basa Judeo-Berber"}, ["jbi"] = {"Basa Badjiri"}, ["jbj"] = {"Basa Arandai"}, ["jbk"] = {"Basa Barikewa"}, ["jbm"] = {"Basa Bijim"}, ["jbn"] = {"Basa Nafusi"}, ["jbo"] = {"Basa Lojban"}, ["jbr"] = {"Basa Jofotek-Bromnya"}, ["jbt"] = {"Basa Jabutí"}, ["jbu"] = {"Basa Jukun Takum"}, ["jbw"] = {"Basa Yawijibaya"}, ["jcs"] = {"Basa Isarat Nagara Jamaika"}, ["jct"] = {"Basa Krymchak"}, ["jda"] = {"Basa Jad"}, ["jdg"] = {"Basa Jadgali"}, ["jdt"] = {"Basa Judeo-Tat"}, ["jeb"] = {"Basa Jebero"}, ["jee"] = {"Basa Jerung"}, ["jeh"] = {"Basa Jeh"}, ["jei"] = {"Basa Yei"}, ["jek"] = {"Basa Jeri Kuo"}, ["jel"] = {"Basa Yelmek"}, ["jen"] = {"Basa Dza"}, ["jer"] = {"Basa Jere"}, ["jet"] = {"Basa Manem"}, ["jeu"] = {"Basa Jonkor Bourmataguil"}, ["jgb"] = {"Basa Ngbee"}, ["jge"] = {"Basa Judeo-Georgian"}, ["jgk"] = {"Basa Gwak"}, ["jgo"] = {"Basa Ngomba"}, ["jhi"] = {"Basa Jehai"}, ["jhs"] = {"Basa Isarat Jhankot"}, ["jia"] = {"Basa Jina"}, ["jib"] = {"Basa Jibu"}, ["jic"] = {"Basa Tol"}, ["jid"] = {"Basa Bu (Kaduna State)"}, ["jie"] = {"Basa Jilbe"}, ["jig"] = {"Basa Jingulu", "Djingili"}, ["jih"] = {"Basa sTodsde", "Shangzhai"}, ["jii"] = {"Basa Jiiddu"}, ["jil"] = {"Basa Jilim"}, ["jim"] = {"Basa Jimi (Kamerun)"}, ["jio"] = {"Basa Jiamao"}, ["jiq"] = {"Basa Guanyinqiao", "Lavrung"}, ["jit"] = {"Basa Jita"}, ["jiu"] = {"Basa Youle Jinuo"}, ["jiv"] = {"Basa Shuar"}, ["jiy"] = {"Basa Buyuan Jinuo"}, ["jje"] = {"Basa Jejueo"}, ["jjr"] = {"Basa Bankal"}, ["jka"] = {"Basa Kaera"}, ["jkm"] = {"Basa Mobwa Karen"}, ["jko"] = {"Basa Kubo"}, ["jkp"] = {"Basa Paku Karen"}, ["jkr"] = {"Basa Koro (India)"}, ["jks"] = {"Basa Isarat Amami Koniya"}, ["jku"] = {"Basa Labir"}, ["jle"] = {"Basa Ngile"}, ["jls"] = {"Basa Isarat Jamaika"}, ["jma"] = {"Basa Dima"}, ["jmb"] = {"Basa Zumbun"}, ["jmc"] = {"Basa Machame"}, ["jmd"] = {"Basa Yamdena"}, ["jmi"] = {"Basa Jimi (Nigéria)"}, ["jml"] = {"Basa Jumli"}, ["jmn"] = {"Basa Makuri Naga"}, ["jmr"] = {"Basa Kamara"}, ["jms"] = {"Basa Mashi (Nigéria)"}, ["jmw"] = {"Basa Mouwase"}, ["jmx"] = {"Basa Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["jna"] = {"Basa Jangshung"}, ["jnd"] = {"Basa Jandavra"}, ["jng"] = {"Basa Yangman"}, ["jni"] = {"Basa Janji"}, ["jnj"] = {"Basa Yemsa"}, ["jnl"] = {"Basa Rawat"}, ["jns"] = {"Basa Jaunsari"}, ["job"] = {"Basa Joba"}, ["jod"] = {"Basa Wojenaka"}, ["jog"] = {"Basa Jogi"}, ["jor"] = {"Basa Jorá"}, ["jos"] = {"Basa Isarat Yordania"}, ["jow"] = {"Basa Jowulu"}, ["jpa"] = {"Basa Jewish Palestinian Aramaic"}, ["jpr"] = {"Basa Judeo-Persian"}, ["jpx"] = {"Basa Jepang (kulawarga)"}, ["jqr"] = {"Basa Jaqaru"}, ["jra"] = {"Basa Jarai"}, ["jrb"] = {"Basa Judeo-Arabic"}, ["jrr"] = {"Basa Jiru"}, ["jrt"] = {"Basa Jakattoe"}, ["jru"] = {"Basa Japrería"}, ["jsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Jepang"}, ["jua"] = {"Basa Júma"}, ["jub"] = {"Basa Wannu"}, ["juc"] = {"Basa Jurchen"}, ["jud"] = {"Basa Worodougou"}, ["juh"] = {"Basa Hõne"}, ["jui"] = {"Basa Ngadjuri"}, ["juk"] = {"Basa Wapan"}, ["jul"] = {"Basa Jirel"}, ["jum"] = {"Basa Jumjum"}, ["jun"] = {"Basa Juang"}, ["juo"] = {"Basa Jiba"}, ["jup"] = {"Basa Hupdë"}, ["jur"] = {"Basa Jurúna"}, ["jus"] = {"Basa Isarat Jumla"}, ["jut"] = {"Basa Jutish"}, ["juu"] = {"Basa Ju"}, ["juw"] = {"Basa Wãpha"}, ["juy"] = {"Basa Juray"}, ["jvd"] = {"Basa Javindo"}, ["jvn"] = {"Basa Caribbean Javanese"}, ["jwi"] = {"Basa Jwira-Pepesa"}, ["jya"] = {"Basa Jiarong"}, ["jye"] = {"Basa Arab Yahudi Yaman"}, ["jyy"] = {"Basa Jaya"}, ["kaa"] = {"Basa Kara-Kalpak", "Karakalpak"}, ["kab"] = {"Basa Kabyle"}, ["kac"] = {"Basa Kachin", "Jingpho"}, ["kad"] = {"Basa Adara"}, ["kae"] = {"Basa Ketangalan"}, ["kaf"] = {"Basa Katso"}, ["kag"] = {"Basa Kajaman"}, ["kah"] = {"Basa Kara (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["kai"] = {"Basa Karekare"}, ["kaj"] = {"Basa Jju"}, ["kak"] = {"Basa Kalanguya", "Kayapa Kallahan"}, ["kam"] = {"Basa Kamba (Kenya)"}, ["kao"] = {"Basa Xaasongaxango"}, ["kap"] = {"Basa Bezhta"}, ["kaq"] = {"Basa Capanahua"}, ["kar"] = {"Rungkun basa Karen"}, ["kav"] = {"Basa Katukína"}, ["kaw"] = {"Basa Kawi"}, ["kax"] = {"Basa Kao"}, ["kay"] = {"Basa Kamayurá"}, ["kba"] = {"Basa Kalarko"}, ["kbb"] = {"Basa Kaxuiâna"}, ["kbc"] = {"Basa Kadiwéu"}, ["kbd"] = {"Basa Kabardian"}, ["kbe"] = {"Basa Kanju"}, ["kbg"] = {"Basa Khamba"}, ["kbh"] = {"Basa Camsá"}, ["kbi"] = {"Basa Kaptiau"}, ["kbj"] = {"Basa Kari"}, ["kbk"] = {"Basa Grass Koiari"}, ["kbl"] = {"Basa Kanembu"}, ["kbm"] = {"Basa Iwal"}, ["kbn"] = {"Basa Kare (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["kbo"] = {"Basa Keliko"}, ["kbp"] = {"Basa Kabiyè"}, ["kbq"] = {"Basa Kamano"}, ["kbr"] = {"Basa Kafa"}, ["kbs"] = {"Basa Kande"}, ["kbt"] = {"Basa Abadi"}, ["kbu"] = {"Basa Kabutra"}, ["kbv"] = {"Basa Dera (Indonésia)"}, ["kbw"] = {"Basa Kaiep"}, ["kbx"] = {"Basa Ap Ma"}, ["kby"] = {"Basa Manga Kanuri"}, ["kbz"] = {"Basa Duhwa"}, ["kca"] = {"Basa Khanty"}, ["kcb"] = {"Basa Kawacha"}, ["kcc"] = {"Basa Lubila"}, ["kcd"] = {"Basa Ngkâlmpw Kanum"}, ["kce"] = {"Basa Kaivi"}, ["kcf"] = {"Basa Ukaan"}, ["kcg"] = {"Basa Tyap"}, ["kch"] = {"Basa Vono"}, ["kci"] = {"Basa Ngyian", "Kamantan"}, ["kcj"] = {"Basa Kobiana"}, ["kck"] = {"Basa Kalanga"}, ["kcl"] = {"Basa Kela (Papua Nugini)", "Kala"}, ["kcm"] = {"Basa Gula (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["kcn"] = {"Basa Nubi"}, ["kco"] = {"Basa Kinalakna"}, ["kcp"] = {"Basa Kanga"}, ["kcq"] = {"Basa Kamo"}, ["kcr"] = {"Basa Katla"}, ["kcs"] = {"Basa Koenoem"}, ["kct"] = {"Basa Kaian"}, ["kcu"] = {"Basa Kami (Tanzania)"}, ["kcv"] = {"Basa Kete"}, ["kcw"] = {"Basa Kabwari"}, ["kcx"] = {"Basa Kachama-Ganjule"}, ["kcy"] = {"Basa Korandje"}, ["kcz"] = {"Basa Konongo"}, ["kda"] = {"Basa Worimi"}, ["kdc"] = {"Basa Kutu"}, ["kdd"] = {"Basa Yankunytjatjara"}, ["kde"] = {"Basa Makonde"}, ["kdf"] = {"Basa Mamusi"}, ["kdg"] = {"Basa Seba"}, ["kdh"] = {"Basa Tem"}, ["kdi"] = {"Basa Kumam"}, ["kdj"] = {"Basa Karamojong"}, ["kdk"] = {"Basa Numèè", "Kwényi"}, ["kdl"] = {"Basa Tsikimba"}, ["kdm"] = {"Basa Kagoma"}, ["kdn"] = {"Basa Kunda"}, ["kdo"] = {"Rungkun basa Kordofania"}, ["kdp"] = {"Basa Kaningdon-Nindem"}, ["kdq"] = {"Basa Koch"}, ["kdr"] = {"Basa Karaim"}, ["kdt"] = {"Basa Kuy"}, ["kdu"] = {"Basa Kadaru"}, ["kdw"] = {"Basa Koneraw"}, ["kdx"] = {"Basa Kam"}, ["kdy"] = {"Basa Keder", "Keijar"}, ["kdz"] = {"Basa Kwaja"}, ["kea"] = {"Basa Kabuverdianu"}, ["keb"] = {"Basa Kélé"}, ["kec"] = {"Basa Keiga"}, ["ked"] = {"Basa Kerewe"}, ["kee"] = {"Basa Eastern Keres"}, ["kef"] = {"Basa Kpessi"}, ["keg"] = {"Basa Tese"}, ["keh"] = {"Basa Keak"}, ["kei"] = {"Basa Kei"}, ["kej"] = {"Basa Kadar"}, ["kek"] = {"Basa Kekchí"}, ["kel"] = {"Basa Kela (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["kem"] = {"Basa Kemak"}, ["ken"] = {"Basa Kenyang"}, ["keo"] = {"Basa Kakwa"}, ["kep"] = {"Basa Kaikadi"}, ["keq"] = {"Basa Kamar"}, ["ker"] = {"Basa Kera"}, ["kes"] = {"Basa Kugbo"}, ["ket"] = {"Basa Ket"}, ["keu"] = {"Basa Akebu"}, ["kev"] = {"Basa Kanikkaran"}, ["kew"] = {"Basa West Kewa"}, ["kex"] = {"Basa Kukna"}, ["key"] = {"Basa Kupia"}, ["kez"] = {"Basa Kukele"}, ["kfa"] = {"Basa Kodava"}, ["kfb"] = {"Basa Northwestern Kolami"}, ["kfc"] = {"Basa Konda-Dora"}, ["kfd"] = {"Basa Korra Koraga"}, ["kfe"] = {"Basa Kota (India)"}, ["kff"] = {"Basa Koya"}, ["kfg"] = {"Basa Kudiya"}, ["kfh"] = {"Basa Kurichiya"}, ["kfi"] = {"Basa Kannada Kurumba"}, ["kfj"] = {"Basa Kemiehua"}, ["kfk"] = {"Basa Kinnauri"}, ["kfl"] = {"Basa Kung"}, ["kfm"] = {"Basa Khunsari"}, ["kfn"] = {"Basa Kuk"}, ["kfo"] = {"Basa Koro (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["kfp"] = {"Basa Korwa"}, ["kfq"] = {"Basa Korku"}, ["kfr"] = {"Basa Kachhi", "Kutchi"}, ["kfs"] = {"Basa Bilaspuri"}, ["kft"] = {"Basa Kanjari"}, ["kfu"] = {"Basa Katkari"}, ["kfv"] = {"Basa Kurmukar"}, ["kfw"] = {"Basa Kharam Naga"}, ["kfx"] = {"Basa Kullu Pahari"}, ["kfy"] = {"Basa Kumaoni"}, ["kfz"] = {"Basa Koromfé"}, ["kga"] = {"Basa Koyaga"}, ["kgb"] = {"Basa Kawe"}, ["kge"] = {"Basa Komering"}, ["kgf"] = {"Basa Kube"}, ["kgg"] = {"Basa Kusunda"}, ["kgi"] = {"Basa Isarat Selangor"}, ["kgj"] = {"Basa Gamale Kham"}, ["kgk"] = {"Basa Kaiwá"}, ["kgl"] = {"Basa Kunggari"}, ["kgn"] = {"Basa Karingani"}, ["kgo"] = {"Basa Krongo"}, ["kgp"] = {"Basa Kaingang"}, ["kgq"] = {"Basa Kamoro"}, ["kgr"] = {"Basa Abun"}, ["kgs"] = {"Basa Kumbainggar"}, ["kgt"] = {"Basa Somyev"}, ["kgu"] = {"Basa Kobol"}, ["kgv"] = {"Basa Karas"}, ["kgw"] = {"Basa Karon Dori"}, ["kgx"] = {"Basa Kamaru"}, ["kgy"] = {"Basa Kyerung"}, ["kha"] = {"Basa Khasi"}, ["khb"] = {"Basa Lü"}, ["khc"] = {"Basa Tukang Besi North"}, ["khd"] = {"Basa Bädi Kanum"}, ["khe"] = {"Basa Korowai"}, ["khf"] = {"Basa Khuen"}, ["khg"] = {"Basa Khams Tibetan"}, ["khh"] = {"Basa Kehu"}, ["khi"] = {"Rungkun basa Khoisan"}, ["khj"] = {"Basa Kuturmi"}, ["khk"] = {"Basa Halh Mongolian"}, ["khl"] = {"Basa Lusi"}, ["khn"] = {"Basa Khandesi"}, ["kho"] = {"Basa Khotanese", "Sakan"}, ["khp"] = {"Basa Kapori", "Kapauri"}, ["khq"] = {"Basa Koyra Chiini Songhay"}, ["khr"] = {"Basa Kharia"}, ["khs"] = {"Basa Kasua"}, ["kht"] = {"Basa Khamti"}, ["khu"] = {"Basa Nkhumbi"}, ["khv"] = {"Basa Khvarshi"}, ["khw"] = {"Basa Khowar"}, ["khx"] = {"Basa Kanu"}, ["khy"] = {"Basa Kele (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["khz"] = {"Basa Keapara"}, ["kia"] = {"Basa Kim"}, ["kib"] = {"Basa Koalib"}, ["kic"] = {"Basa Kickapoo"}, ["kid"] = {"Basa Koshin"}, ["kie"] = {"Basa Kibet"}, ["kif"] = {"Basa Eastern Parbate Kham"}, ["kig"] = {"Basa Kimaama", "Kimaghima"}, ["kih"] = {"Basa Kilmeri"}, ["kii"] = {"Basa Kitsai"}, ["kij"] = {"Basa Kilivila"}, ["kil"] = {"Basa Kariya"}, ["kim"] = {"Basa Karagas"}, ["kio"] = {"Basa Kiowa"}, ["kip"] = {"Basa Sheshi Kham"}, ["kiq"] = {"Basa Kosadle", "Kosare"}, ["kis"] = {"Basa Kis"}, ["kit"] = {"Basa Agob"}, ["kiu"] = {"Basa Kirmanjki (individual language)"}, ["kiv"] = {"Basa Kimbu"}, ["kiw"] = {"Basa Northeast Kiwai"}, ["kix"] = {"Basa Khiamniungan Naga"}, ["kiy"] = {"Basa Kirikiri"}, ["kiz"] = {"Basa Kisi"}, ["kja"] = {"Basa Mlap"}, ["kjb"] = {"Basa Q'anjob'al", "Kanjobal"}, ["kjc"] = {"Basa Coastal Konjo"}, ["kjd"] = {"Basa Southern Kiwai"}, ["kje"] = {"Basa Kisar"}, ["kjg"] = {"Basa Khmu"}, ["kjh"] = {"Basa Khakas"}, ["kji"] = {"Basa Zabana"}, ["kjj"] = {"Basa Khinalugh"}, ["kjk"] = {"Basa Highland Konjo"}, ["kjl"] = {"Basa Western Parbate Kham"}, ["kjm"] = {"Basa Kháng"}, ["kjn"] = {"Basa Kunjen"}, ["kjo"] = {"Basa Kinnauri Pahari"}, ["kjp"] = {"Basa Pwo Eastern Karen"}, ["kjq"] = {"Basa Western Keres"}, ["kjr"] = {"Basa Kurudu"}, ["kjs"] = {"Basa East Kewa"}, ["kjt"] = {"Basa Phrae Pwo Karen"}, ["kju"] = {"Basa Kashaya"}, ["kjv"] = {"Basa Kaikavian Literary Language"}, ["kjx"] = {"Basa Ramopa"}, ["kjy"] = {"Basa Erave"}, ["kjz"] = {"Basa Bumthangkha"}, ["kka"] = {"Basa Kakanda"}, ["kkb"] = {"Basa Kwerisa"}, ["kkc"] = {"Basa Odoodee"}, ["kkd"] = {"Basa Kinuku"}, ["kke"] = {"Basa Kakabe"}, ["kkf"] = {"Basa Kalaktang Monpa"}, ["kkg"] = {"Basa Mabaka Valley Kalinga"}, ["kkh"] = {"Basa Khün"}, ["kki"] = {"Basa Kagulu"}, ["kkj"] = {"Basa Kako"}, ["kkk"] = {"Basa Kokota"}, ["kkl"] = {"Basa Kosarek Yale"}, ["kkm"] = {"Basa Kiong"}, ["kkn"] = {"Basa Kon Keu"}, ["kko"] = {"Basa Karko"}, ["kkp"] = {"Basa Gugubera", "Koko-Bera"}, ["kkq"] = {"Basa Kaeku"}, ["kkr"] = {"Basa Kir-Balar"}, ["kks"] = {"Basa Giiwo"}, ["kkt"] = {"Basa Koi"}, ["kku"] = {"Basa Tumi"}, ["kkv"] = {"Basa Kangean"}, ["kkw"] = {"Basa Teke-Kukuya"}, ["kkx"] = {"Basa Kohin"}, ["kky"] = {"Basa Guugu Yimidhirr", "Guguyimidjir"}, ["kkz"] = {"Basa Kaska"}, ["kla"] = {"Basa Klamath-Modoc"}, ["klb"] = {"Basa Kiliwa"}, ["klc"] = {"Basa Kolbila"}, ["kld"] = {"Basa Gamilaraay"}, ["kle"] = {"Basa Kulung (Nepal)"}, ["klf"] = {"Basa Kendeje"}, ["klg"] = {"Basa Tagakaulo"}, ["klh"] = {"Basa Weliki"}, ["kli"] = {"Basa Kalumpang"}, ["klj"] = {"Basa Khalaj"}, ["klk"] = {"Basa Kono (Nigéria)"}, ["kll"] = {"Basa Kagan Kalagan"}, ["klm"] = {"Basa Migum"}, ["kln"] = {"Basa Kalenjin"}, ["klo"] = {"Basa Kapya"}, ["klp"] = {"Basa Kamasa"}, ["klq"] = {"Basa Rumu"}, ["klr"] = {"Basa Khaling"}, ["kls"] = {"Basa Kalasha"}, ["klt"] = {"Basa Nukna"}, ["klu"] = {"Basa Klao"}, ["klv"] = {"Basa Maskelynes"}, ["klw"] = {"Basa Tado", "Lindu"}, ["klx"] = {"Basa Koluwawa"}, ["kly"] = {"Basa Kalao"}, ["klz"] = {"Basa Kabola"}, ["kma"] = {"Basa Konni"}, ["kmb"] = {"Basa Kimbundu"}, ["kmc"] = {"Basa Southern Dong"}, ["kmd"] = {"Basa Majukayang Kalinga"}, ["kme"] = {"Basa Bakole"}, ["kmf"] = {"Basa Kare (Papua Nugini)"}, ["kmg"] = {"Basa Kâte"}, ["kmh"] = {"Basa Kalam"}, ["kmi"] = {"Basa Kami (Nigéria)"}, ["kmj"] = {"Basa Kumarbhag Paharia"}, ["kmk"] = {"Basa Limos Kalinga"}, ["kml"] = {"Basa Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kmm"] = {"Basa Kom (India)"}, ["kmn"] = {"Basa Awtuw"}, ["kmo"] = {"Basa Kwoma"}, ["kmp"] = {"Basa Gimme"}, ["kmq"] = {"Basa Kwama"}, ["kmr"] = {"Basa Kurdi Kalér"}, ["kms"] = {"Basa Kamasau"}, ["kmt"] = {"Basa Kemtuik"}, ["kmu"] = {"Basa Kanite"}, ["kmv"] = {"Basa Karipúna Creole French"}, ["kmw"] = {"Basa Komo (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["kmx"] = {"Basa Waboda"}, ["kmy"] = {"Basa Koma"}, ["kmz"] = {"Basa Khorasani Turkish"}, ["kna"] = {"Basa Dera (Nigéria)"}, ["knb"] = {"Basa Lubuagan Kalinga"}, ["knc"] = {"Basa Kanuri Tengah"}, ["knd"] = {"Basa Konda"}, ["kne"] = {"Basa Kankanaey"}, ["knf"] = {"Basa Mankanya"}, ["kng"] = {"Basa Koongo"}, ["kni"] = {"Basa Kanufi"}, ["knj"] = {"Basa Western Kanjobal"}, ["knk"] = {"Basa Kuranko"}, ["knl"] = {"Basa Keninjal"}, ["knm"] = {"Basa Kanamarí"}, ["knn"] = {"Basa Konkani (individual language)"}, ["kno"] = {"Basa Kono (Sierra Leone)"}, ["knp"] = {"Basa Kwanja"}, ["knq"] = {"Basa Kintaq"}, ["knr"] = {"Basa Kaningra"}, ["kns"] = {"Basa Kensiu"}, ["knt"] = {"Basa Panoan Katukína"}, ["knu"] = {"Basa Kono (Guinea)"}, ["knv"] = {"Basa Tabo"}, ["knw"] = {"Basa Kung-Ekoka"}, ["knx"] = {"Basa Kendayan", "Salako"}, ["kny"] = {"Basa Kanyok"}, ["knz"] = {"Basa Kalamsé"}, ["koa"] = {"Basa Konomala"}, ["koc"] = {"Basa Kpati"}, ["kod"] = {"Basa Kodi"}, ["koe"] = {"Basa Kacipo-Bale Suri"}, ["kof"] = {"Basa Kubi"}, ["kog"] = {"Basa Cogui", "Kogi"}, ["koh"] = {"Basa Koyo"}, ["koi"] = {"Basa Komi-Permyak"}, ["kok"] = {"Basa Konkani (macrolanguage)"}, ["kol"] = {"Basa Kol (Papua Nugini)"}, ["koo"] = {"Basa Konzo"}, ["kop"] = {"Basa Waube"}, ["koq"] = {"Basa Kota (Gabon)"}, ["kos"] = {"Basa Kosraean"}, ["kot"] = {"Basa Lagwan"}, ["kou"] = {"Basa Koke"}, ["kov"] = {"Basa Kudu-Camo"}, ["kow"] = {"Basa Kugama"}, ["koy"] = {"Basa Koyukon"}, ["koz"] = {"Basa Korak"}, ["kpa"] = {"Basa Kutto"}, ["kpb"] = {"Basa Mullu Kurumba"}, ["kpc"] = {"Basa Curripaco"}, ["kpd"] = {"Basa Koba"}, ["kpe"] = {"Basa Kpelle"}, ["kpf"] = {"Basa Komba"}, ["kpg"] = {"Basa Kapingamarangi"}, ["kph"] = {"Basa Kplang"}, ["kpi"] = {"Basa Kofei"}, ["kpj"] = {"Basa Karajá"}, ["kpk"] = {"Basa Kpan"}, ["kpl"] = {"Basa Kpala"}, ["kpm"] = {"Basa Koho"}, ["kpn"] = {"Basa Kepkiriwát"}, ["kpo"] = {"Basa Ikposo"}, ["kpq"] = {"Basa Korupun-Sela"}, ["kpr"] = {"Basa Korafe-Yegha"}, ["kps"] = {"Basa Tehit"}, ["kpt"] = {"Basa Karata"}, ["kpu"] = {"Basa Kafoa"}, ["kpv"] = {"Basa Komi-Zyrian"}, ["kpw"] = {"Basa Kobon"}, ["kpx"] = {"Basa Mountain Koiali"}, ["kpy"] = {"Basa Koryak"}, ["kpz"] = {"Basa Kupsabiny"}, ["kqa"] = {"Basa Mum"}, ["kqb"] = {"Basa Kovai"}, ["kqc"] = {"Basa Doromu-Koki"}, ["kqd"] = {"Basa Koy Sanjaq Surat"}, ["kqe"] = {"Basa Kalagan"}, ["kqf"] = {"Basa Kakabai"}, ["kqg"] = {"Basa Khe"}, ["kqh"] = {"Basa Kisankasa"}, ["kqi"] = {"Basa Koitabu"}, ["kqj"] = {"Basa Koromira"}, ["kqk"] = {"Basa Kotafon Gbe"}, ["kql"] = {"Basa Kyenele"}, ["kqm"] = {"Basa Khisa"}, ["kqn"] = {"Basa Kaonde"}, ["kqo"] = {"Basa Eastern Krahn"}, ["kqp"] = {"Basa Kimré"}, ["kqq"] = {"Basa Krenak"}, ["kqr"] = {"Basa Kimaragang"}, ["kqs"] = {"Basa Northern Kissi"}, ["kqt"] = {"Basa Klias River Kadazan"}, ["kqu"] = {"Basa Seroa"}, ["kqv"] = {"Basa Okolod"}, ["kqw"] = {"Basa Kandas"}, ["kqx"] = {"Basa Mser"}, ["kqy"] = {"Basa Koorete"}, ["kqz"] = {"Basa Korana"}, ["kra"] = {"Basa Kumhali"}, ["krb"] = {"Basa Karkin"}, ["krc"] = {"Basa Karachay-Balkar"}, ["krd"] = {"Basa Kairui-Midiki"}, ["kre"] = {"Basa Panará"}, ["krf"] = {"Basa Koro (Vanuatu)"}, ["krh"] = {"Basa Kurama"}, ["kri"] = {"Basa Krio"}, ["krj"] = {"Basa Kinaray-A"}, ["krk"] = {"Basa Kerek"}, ["krl"] = {"Basa Karelian"}, ["krn"] = {"Basa Sapo"}, ["kro"] = {"Rungkun basa Kru"}, ["krp"] = {"Basa Durop"}, ["krr"] = {"Basa Krung"}, ["krs"] = {"Basa Gbaya (Sudan)"}, ["krt"] = {"Basa Tumari Kanuri"}, ["kru"] = {"Basa Kurukh"}, ["krv"] = {"Basa Kavet"}, ["krw"] = {"Basa Western Krahn"}, ["krx"] = {"Basa Karon"}, ["kry"] = {"Basa Kryts"}, ["krz"] = {"Basa Sota Kanum"}, ["ksb"] = {"Basa Shambala"}, ["ksc"] = {"Basa Southern Kalinga"}, ["ksd"] = {"Basa Kuanua"}, ["kse"] = {"Basa Kuni"}, ["ksf"] = {"Basa Bafia"}, ["ksg"] = {"Basa Kusaghe"}, ["ksh"] = {"Basa Kölsch"}, ["ksi"] = {"Basa Krisa", "I'saka"}, ["ksj"] = {"Basa Uare"}, ["ksk"] = {"Basa Kansa"}, ["ksl"] = {"Basa Kumalu"}, ["ksm"] = {"Basa Kumba"}, ["ksn"] = {"Basa Kasiguranin"}, ["kso"] = {"Basa Kofa"}, ["ksp"] = {"Basa Kaba"}, ["ksq"] = {"Basa Kwaami"}, ["ksr"] = {"Basa Borong"}, ["kss"] = {"Basa Southern Kisi"}, ["kst"] = {"Basa Winyé"}, ["ksu"] = {"Basa Khamyang"}, ["ksv"] = {"Basa Kusu"}, ["ksw"] = {"Basa S'gaw Karen"}, ["ksx"] = {"Basa Kedang"}, ["ksy"] = {"Basa Kharia Thar"}, ["ksz"] = {"Basa Kodaku"}, ["kta"] = {"Basa Katua"}, ["ktb"] = {"Basa Kambaata"}, ["ktc"] = {"Basa Kholok"}, ["ktd"] = {"Basa Kokata", "Kukatha"}, ["kte"] = {"Basa Nubri"}, ["ktf"] = {"Basa Kwami"}, ["ktg"] = {"Basa Kalkutung"}, ["kth"] = {"Basa Karanga"}, ["kti"] = {"Basa North Muyu"}, ["ktj"] = {"Basa Plapo Krumen"}, ["ktk"] = {"Basa Kaniet"}, ["ktl"] = {"Basa Koroshi"}, ["ktm"] = {"Basa Kurti"}, ["ktn"] = {"Basa Karitiâna"}, ["kto"] = {"Basa Kuot"}, ["ktp"] = {"Basa Kaduo"}, ["ktq"] = {"Basa Katabaga"}, ["kts"] = {"Basa South Muyu"}, ["ktt"] = {"Basa Ketum"}, ["ktu"] = {"Basa Kituba (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["ktv"] = {"Basa Eastern Katu"}, ["ktw"] = {"Basa Kato"}, ["ktx"] = {"Basa Kaxararí"}, ["kty"] = {"Basa Kango (Bas-Uélé District)"}, ["ktz"] = {"Basa Juǀʼhoan", "Juǀʼhoansi"}, ["kub"] = {"Basa Kutep"}, ["kuc"] = {"Basa Kwinsu"}, ["kud"] = {"Basa 'Auhelawa"}, ["kue"] = {"Basa Kuman (Papua Nugini)"}, ["kuf"] = {"Basa Western Katu"}, ["kug"] = {"Basa Kupa"}, ["kuh"] = {"Basa Kushi"}, ["kui"] = {"Basa Kuikúro-Kalapálo", "Kalapalo"}, ["kuj"] = {"Basa Kuria"}, ["kuk"] = {"Basa Kepo'"}, ["kul"] = {"Basa Kulere"}, ["kum"] = {"Basa Kumyk"}, ["kun"] = {"Basa Kunama"}, ["kuo"] = {"Basa Kumukio"}, ["kup"] = {"Basa Kunimaipa"}, ["kuq"] = {"Basa Karipuna"}, ["kus"] = {"Basa Kusaal"}, ["kut"] = {"Basa Ktunaxa", "Ksanka", "Kutenai"}, ["kuu"] = {"Basa Upper Kuskokwim"}, ["kuv"] = {"Basa Kur"}, ["kuw"] = {"Basa Kpagua"}, ["kux"] = {"Basa Kukatja"}, ["kuy"] = {"Basa Kuuku-Ya'u"}, ["kuz"] = {"Basa Kunza"}, ["kva"] = {"Basa Bagvalal"}, ["kvb"] = {"Basa Kubu"}, ["kvc"] = {"Basa Kove"}, ["kvd"] = {"Basa Kui (Indonésia)"}, ["kve"] = {"Basa Kalabakan"}, ["kvf"] = {"Basa Kabalai"}, ["kvg"] = {"Basa Kuni-Boazi"}, ["kvh"] = {"Basa Komodo"}, ["kvi"] = {"Basa Kwang"}, ["kvj"] = {"Basa Psikye"}, ["kvk"] = {"Basa Isarat Koréa"}, ["kvl"] = {"Basa Kayaw"}, ["kvm"] = {"Basa Kendem"}, ["kvn"] = {"Basa Border Kuna"}, ["kvo"] = {"Basa Dobel"}, ["kvp"] = {"Basa Kompane"}, ["kvq"] = {"Basa Geba Karen"}, ["kvr"] = {"Basa Kerinci"}, ["kvt"] = {"Basa Lahta Karen", "Lahta"}, ["kvu"] = {"Basa Yinbaw Karen"}, ["kvv"] = {"Basa Kola"}, ["kvw"] = {"Basa Wersing"}, ["kvx"] = {"Basa Parkari Koli"}, ["kvy"] = {"Basa Yintale Karen", "Yintale"}, ["kvz"] = {"Basa Tsakwambo", "Tsaukambo"}, ["kwa"] = {"Basa Dâw"}, ["kwb"] = {"Basa Kwa"}, ["kwc"] = {"Basa Likwala"}, ["kwd"] = {"Basa Kwaio"}, ["kwe"] = {"Basa Kwerba"}, ["kwf"] = {"Basa Kwara'ae"}, ["kwg"] = {"Basa Sara Kaba Deme"}, ["kwh"] = {"Basa Kowiai"}, ["kwi"] = {"Basa Awa-Cuaiquer"}, ["kwj"] = {"Basa Kwanga"}, ["kwk"] = {"Basa Kwak'wala", "Kwakiutl"}, ["kwl"] = {"Basa Kofyar"}, ["kwm"] = {"Basa Kwambi"}, ["kwn"] = {"Basa Kwangali"}, ["kwo"] = {"Basa Kwomtari"}, ["kwp"] = {"Basa Kodia"}, ["kwr"] = {"Basa Kwer"}, ["kws"] = {"Basa Kwese"}, ["kwt"] = {"Basa Kwesten"}, ["kwu"] = {"Basa Kwakum"}, ["kwv"] = {"Basa Sara Kaba Náà"}, ["kww"] = {"Basa Kwinti"}, ["kwx"] = {"Basa Khirwar"}, ["kwy"] = {"Basa San Salvador Kongo"}, ["kwz"] = {"Basa Kwadi"}, ["kxa"] = {"Basa Kairiru"}, ["kxb"] = {"Basa Krobu"}, ["kxc"] = {"Basa Konso", "Khonso"}, ["kxd"] = {"Basa Brunei"}, ["kxf"] = {"Basa Manumanaw Karen", "Manumanaw"}, ["kxh"] = {"Basa Karo (Ethiopia)"}, ["kxi"] = {"Basa Keningau Murut"}, ["kxj"] = {"Basa Kulfa"}, ["kxk"] = {"Basa Zayein Karen"}, ["kxm"] = {"Basa Northern Khmer"}, ["kxn"] = {"Basa Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau"}, ["kxo"] = {"Basa Kanoé"}, ["kxp"] = {"Basa Wadiyara Koli"}, ["kxq"] = {"Basa Smärky Kanum"}, ["kxr"] = {"Basa Koro (Papua Nugini)"}, ["kxs"] = {"Basa Kangjia"}, ["kxt"] = {"Basa Koiwat"}, ["kxv"] = {"Basa Kuvi"}, ["kxw"] = {"Basa Konai"}, ["kxx"] = {"Basa Likuba"}, ["kxy"] = {"Basa Kayong"}, ["kxz"] = {"Basa Kerewo"}, ["kya"] = {"Basa Kwaya"}, ["kyb"] = {"Basa Butbut Kalinga"}, ["kyc"] = {"Basa Kyaka"}, ["kyd"] = {"Basa Karey"}, ["kye"] = {"Basa Krache"}, ["kyf"] = {"Basa Kouya"}, ["kyg"] = {"Basa Keyagana"}, ["kyh"] = {"Basa Karok"}, ["kyi"] = {"Basa Kiput"}, ["kyj"] = {"Basa Karao"}, ["kyk"] = {"Basa Kamayo"}, ["kyl"] = {"Basa Kalapuya"}, ["kym"] = {"Basa Kpatili"}, ["kyn"] = {"Basa Northern Binukidnon"}, ["kyo"] = {"Basa Kelon"}, ["kyp"] = {"Basa Kang"}, ["kyq"] = {"Basa Kenga"}, ["kyr"] = {"Basa Kuruáya"}, ["kys"] = {"Basa Baram Kayan"}, ["kyt"] = {"Basa Kayagar"}, ["kyu"] = {"Basa Western Kayah"}, ["kyv"] = {"Basa Kayort"}, ["kyw"] = {"Basa Kudmali"}, ["kyx"] = {"Basa Rapoisi"}, ["kyy"] = {"Basa Kambaira"}, ["kyz"] = {"Basa Kayabí"}, ["kza"] = {"Basa Western Karaboro"}, ["kzb"] = {"Basa Kaibobo"}, ["kzc"] = {"Basa Bondoukou Kulango"}, ["kzd"] = {"Basa Kadai"}, ["kze"] = {"Basa Kosena"}, ["kzf"] = {"Basa Da'a Kaili"}, ["kzg"] = {"Basa Kikai"}, ["kzi"] = {"Basa Kelabit"}, ["kzk"] = {"Basa Kazukuru"}, ["kzl"] = {"Basa Kayeli"}, ["kzm"] = {"Basa Kais"}, ["kzn"] = {"Basa Kokola"}, ["kzo"] = {"Basa Kaningi"}, ["kzp"] = {"Basa Kaidipang"}, ["kzq"] = {"Basa Kaike"}, ["kzr"] = {"Basa Karang"}, ["kzs"] = {"Basa Sugut Dusun"}, ["kzu"] = {"Basa Kayupulau"}, ["kzv"] = {"Basa Komyandaret"}, ["kzw"] = {"Basa Karirí-Xocó"}, ["kzx"] = {"Basa Kamarian"}, ["kzy"] = {"Basa Kango (Tshopo District)"}, ["kzz"] = {"Basa Kalabra"}, ["laa"] = {"Basa Southern Subanen"}, ["lab"] = {"Basa Linear A"}, ["lac"] = {"Basa Lacandon"}, ["lad"] = {"Basa Ladino"}, ["lae"] = {"Basa Pattani"}, ["laf"] = {"Basa Lafofa"}, ["lag"] = {"Basa Rangi"}, ["lah"] = {"Basa Lahnda"}, ["lai"] = {"Basa Lambya"}, ["laj"] = {"Basa Lango (Uganda)"}, ["lal"] = {"Basa Lalia"}, ["lam"] = {"Basa Lamba"}, ["lan"] = {"Basa Laru"}, ["lap"] = {"Basa Laka (Chad)"}, ["laq"] = {"Basa Qabiao"}, ["lar"] = {"Basa Larteh"}, ["las"] = {"Basa Lama (Togo)"}, ["lau"] = {"Basa Laba"}, ["law"] = {"Basa Lauje"}, ["lax"] = {"Basa Tiwa"}, ["lay"] = {"Basa Lama Bai"}, ["laz"] = {"Basa Aribwatsa"}, ["lbb"] = {"Basa Label"}, ["lbc"] = {"Basa Lakkia"}, ["lbe"] = {"Basa Lak"}, ["lbf"] = {"Basa Tinani"}, ["lbg"] = {"Basa Laopang"}, ["lbi"] = {"Basa La'bi"}, ["lbj"] = {"Basa Ladakhi"}, ["lbk"] = {"Basa Central Bontok"}, ["lbl"] = {"Basa Libon Bikol"}, ["lbm"] = {"Basa Lodhi"}, ["lbn"] = {"Basa Rmeet"}, ["lbo"] = {"Basa Laven"}, ["lbq"] = {"Basa Wampar"}, ["lbr"] = {"Basa Lohorung"}, ["lbs"] = {"Basa Isarat Libya"}, ["lbt"] = {"Basa Lachi"}, ["lbu"] = {"Basa Labu"}, ["lbv"] = {"Basa Lavatbura-Lamusong"}, ["lbw"] = {"Basa Tolaki"}, ["lbx"] = {"Basa Lawangan"}, ["lby"] = {"Basa Lamalama", "Lamu-Lamu"}, ["lbz"] = {"Basa Lardil"}, ["lcc"] = {"Basa Legenyem"}, ["lcd"] = {"Basa Lola"}, ["lce"] = {"Basa Loncong", "Sekak"}, ["lcf"] = {"Basa Lubu"}, ["lch"] = {"Basa Luchazi"}, ["lcl"] = {"Basa Lisela"}, ["lcm"] = {"Basa Tungag"}, ["lcp"] = {"Basa Western Lawa"}, ["lcq"] = {"Basa Luhu"}, ["lcs"] = {"Basa Lisabata-Nuniali"}, ["lda"] = {"Basa Kla-Dan"}, ["ldb"] = {"Basa Dũya"}, ["ldd"] = {"Basa Luri"}, ["ldg"] = {"Basa Lenyima"}, ["ldh"] = {"Basa Lamja-Dengsa-Tola"}, ["ldi"] = {"Basa Laari"}, ["ldj"] = {"Basa Lemoro"}, ["ldk"] = {"Basa Leelau"}, ["ldl"] = {"Basa Kaan"}, ["ldm"] = {"Basa Landoma"}, ["ldn"] = {"Basa Láadan"}, ["ldo"] = {"Basa Loo"}, ["ldp"] = {"Basa Tso"}, ["ldq"] = {"Basa Lufu"}, ["lea"] = {"Basa Lega-Shabunda"}, ["leb"] = {"Basa Lala-Bisa"}, ["lec"] = {"Basa Leco"}, ["led"] = {"Basa Lendu"}, ["lee"] = {"Basa Lyélé"}, ["lef"] = {"Basa Lelemi"}, ["leh"] = {"Basa Lenje"}, ["lei"] = {"Basa Lemio"}, ["lej"] = {"Basa Lengola"}, ["lek"] = {"Basa Leipon"}, ["lel"] = {"Basa Lele (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["lem"] = {"Basa Nomaande"}, ["len"] = {"Basa Lenca"}, ["leo"] = {"Basa Leti (Kamerun)"}, ["lep"] = {"Basa Lepcha"}, ["leq"] = {"Basa Lembena"}, ["ler"] = {"Basa Lenkau"}, ["les"] = {"Basa Lese"}, ["let"] = {"Basa Lesing-Gelimi", "Amio-Gelimi"}, ["leu"] = {"Basa Kara (Papua Nugini)"}, ["lev"] = {"Basa Lamma"}, ["lew"] = {"Basa Ledo Kaili"}, ["lex"] = {"Basa Luang"}, ["ley"] = {"Basa Lemolang"}, ["lez"] = {"Basa Lezghian"}, ["lfa"] = {"Basa Lefa"}, ["lfb"] = {"Basa Buu (Kamerun)"}, ["lfn"] = {"Basa Lingua Franca Nova"}, ["lga"] = {"Basa Lungga"}, ["lgb"] = {"Basa Laghu"}, ["lgg"] = {"Basa Lugbara"}, ["lgh"] = {"Basa Laghuu"}, ["lgi"] = {"Basa Lengilu"}, ["lgk"] = {"Basa Lingarak", "Neverver"}, ["lgl"] = {"Basa Wala"}, ["lgm"] = {"Basa Lega-Mwenga"}, ["lgn"] = {"Basa T'apo", "Opuuo"}, ["lgo"] = {"Basa Lango (Sudan Kidul)"}, ["lgq"] = {"Basa Logba"}, ["lgr"] = {"Basa Lengo"}, ["lgs"] = {"Basa Isarat Guinea-Bissau", "Língua Gestual Guineense"}, ["lgt"] = {"Basa Pahi"}, ["lgu"] = {"Basa Longgu"}, ["lgz"] = {"Basa Ligenza"}, ["lha"] = {"Basa Laha (Viet Nam)"}, ["lhh"] = {"Basa Laha (Indonésia)"}, ["lhi"] = {"Basa Lahu Shi"}, ["lhl"] = {"Basa Lahul Lohar"}, ["lhm"] = {"Basa Lhomi"}, ["lhn"] = {"Basa Lahanan"}, ["lhp"] = {"Basa Lhokpu"}, ["lhs"] = {"Basa Mlahsö"}, ["lht"] = {"Basa Lo-Toga"}, ["lhu"] = {"Basa Lahu"}, ["lia"] = {"Basa West-Central Limba"}, ["lib"] = {"Basa Likum"}, ["lic"] = {"Basa Hlai"}, ["lid"] = {"Basa Nyindrou"}, ["lie"] = {"Basa Likila"}, ["lif"] = {"Basa Limbu"}, ["lig"] = {"Basa Ligbi"}, ["lih"] = {"Basa Lihir"}, ["lij"] = {"Basa Ligurian"}, ["lik"] = {"Basa Lika"}, ["lil"] = {"Basa Lillooet"}, ["lio"] = {"Basa Liki"}, ["lip"] = {"Basa Sekpele"}, ["liq"] = {"Basa Libido"}, ["lir"] = {"Basa Liberian English"}, ["lis"] = {"Basa Lisu"}, ["liu"] = {"Basa Logorik"}, ["liv"] = {"Basa Liv"}, ["liw"] = {"Basa Col"}, ["lix"] = {"Basa Liabuku"}, ["liy"] = {"Basa Banda-Bambari"}, ["liz"] = {"Basa Libinza"}, ["lja"] = {"Basa Golpa"}, ["lje"] = {"Basa Rampi"}, ["lji"] = {"Basa Laiyolo"}, ["ljl"] = {"Basa Li'o"}, ["ljp"] = {"Basa Lampung Api"}, ["ljw"] = {"Basa Yirandali"}, ["ljx"] = {"Basa Yuru"}, ["lka"] = {"Basa Lakalei"}, ["lkb"] = {"Basa Kabras", "Basa Lukabaras"}, ["lkc"] = {"Basa Kucong"}, ["lkd"] = {"Basa Lakondê"}, ["lke"] = {"Basa Kenyi"}, ["lkh"] = {"Basa Lakha"}, ["lki"] = {"Basa Laki"}, ["lkj"] = {"Basa Remun"}, ["lkl"] = {"Basa Laeko-Libuat"}, ["lkm"] = {"Basa Kalaamaya"}, ["lkn"] = {"Basa Lakon", "Vure"}, ["lko"] = {"Basa Khayo", "Olukhayo"}, ["lkr"] = {"Basa Päri"}, ["lks"] = {"Basa Kisa", "Olushisa"}, ["lkt"] = {"Basa Lakota"}, ["lku"] = {"Basa Kungkari"}, ["lky"] = {"Basa Lokoya"}, ["lla"] = {"Basa Lala-Roba"}, ["llb"] = {"Basa Lolo"}, ["llc"] = {"Basa Lele (Guinea)"}, ["lld"] = {"Basa Ladin"}, ["lle"] = {"Basa Lele (Papua Nugini)"}, ["llf"] = {"Basa Hermit"}, ["llg"] = {"Basa Lole"}, ["llh"] = {"Basa Lamu"}, ["lli"] = {"Basa Teke-Laali"}, ["llj"] = {"Basa Ladji Ladji"}, ["llk"] = {"Basa Lelak"}, ["lll"] = {"Basa Lilau"}, ["llm"] = {"Basa Lasalimu"}, ["lln"] = {"Basa Lele (Chad)"}, ["llp"] = {"Basa North Efate"}, ["llq"] = {"Basa Lolak"}, ["lls"] = {"Basa Isarat Lituania"}, ["llu"] = {"Basa Lau"}, ["llx"] = {"Basa Lauan"}, ["lma"] = {"Basa East Limba"}, ["lmb"] = {"Basa Merei"}, ["lmc"] = {"Basa Limilngan"}, ["lmd"] = {"Basa Lumun"}, ["lme"] = {"Basa Pévé"}, ["lmf"] = {"Basa South Lembata"}, ["lmg"] = {"Basa Lamogai"}, ["lmh"] = {"Basa Lambichhong"}, ["lmi"] = {"Basa Lombi"}, ["lmj"] = {"Basa West Lembata"}, ["lmk"] = {"Basa Lamkang"}, ["lml"] = {"Basa Hano"}, ["lmn"] = {"Basa Lambadi"}, ["lmo"] = {"Basa Lombard"}, ["lmp"] = {"Basa Limbum"}, ["lmq"] = {"Basa Lamatuka"}, ["lmr"] = {"Basa Lamalera"}, ["lmu"] = {"Basa Lamenu"}, ["lmv"] = {"Basa Lomaiviti"}, ["lmw"] = {"Basa Lake Miwok"}, ["lmx"] = {"Basa Laimbue"}, ["lmy"] = {"Basa Lamboya"}, ["lna"] = {"Basa Langbashe"}, ["lnb"] = {"Basa Mbalanhu"}, ["lnd"] = {"Basa Lundayeh", "Lun Bawang"}, ["lng"] = {"Basa Langobardic"}, ["lnh"] = {"Basa Lanoh"}, ["lni"] = {"Basa Daantanai'"}, ["lnj"] = {"Basa Leningitij"}, ["lnl"] = {"Basa South Central Banda"}, ["lnm"] = {"Basa Langam"}, ["lnn"] = {"Basa Lorediakarkar"}, ["lns"] = {"Basa Lamnso'"}, ["lnu"] = {"Basa Longuda"}, ["lnw"] = {"Basa Lanima"}, ["lnz"] = {"Basa Lonzo"}, ["loa"] = {"Basa Loloda"}, ["lob"] = {"Basa Lobi"}, ["loc"] = {"Basa Inonhan"}, ["loe"] = {"Basa Saluan"}, ["lof"] = {"Basa Logol"}, ["log"] = {"Basa Logo"}, ["loh"] = {"Basa Laarim", "Narim"}, ["loi"] = {"Basa Loma (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["loj"] = {"Basa Lou"}, ["lok"] = {"Basa Loko"}, ["lol"] = {"Basa Mongo"}, ["lom"] = {"Basa Loma (Liberia)"}, ["lon"] = {"Basa Malawi Lomwe"}, ["loo"] = {"Basa Lombo"}, ["lop"] = {"Basa Lopa"}, ["loq"] = {"Basa Lobala"}, ["lor"] = {"Basa Téén"}, ["los"] = {"Basa Loniu"}, ["lot"] = {"Basa Otuho"}, ["lou"] = {"Basa Louisiana Creole"}, ["lov"] = {"Basa Lopi"}, ["low"] = {"Basa Tampias Lobu"}, ["lox"] = {"Basa Loun"}, ["loy"] = {"Basa Loke"}, ["loz"] = {"Basa Lozi"}, ["lpa"] = {"Basa Lelepa"}, ["lpe"] = {"Basa Lepki"}, ["lpn"] = {"Basa Long Phuri Naga"}, ["lpo"] = {"Basa Lipo"}, ["lpx"] = {"Basa Lopit"}, ["lqr"] = {"Basa Logir"}, ["lra"] = {"Basa Rara Bakati'"}, ["lrc"] = {"Basa Northern Luri"}, ["lre"] = {"Basa Laurentian"}, ["lrg"] = {"Basa Laragia"}, ["lri"] = {"Basa Marachi", "Olumarachi"}, ["lrk"] = {"Basa Loarki"}, ["lrl"] = {"Basa Lari"}, ["lrm"] = {"Basa Marama", "Olumarama"}, ["lrn"] = {"Basa Lorang"}, ["lro"] = {"Basa Laro"}, ["lrr"] = {"Basa Southern Yamphu"}, ["lrt"] = {"Basa Larantuka Malay"}, ["lrv"] = {"Basa Larevat"}, ["lrz"] = {"Basa Lemerig"}, ["lsa"] = {"Basa Lasgerdi"}, ["lsb"] = {"Basa Isarat Burundi", "Langue des Signes Burundaise"}, ["lsc"] = {"Basa Isarat Albarradas", "Lengua de señas Albarradas"}, ["lsd"] = {"Basa Lishana Deni"}, ["lse"] = {"Basa Lusengo"}, ["lsh"] = {"Basa Lish"}, ["lsi"] = {"Basa Lashi"}, ["lsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Latvia"}, ["lsm"] = {"Basa Saamia", "Olusamia"}, ["lsn"] = {"Basa Isarat Tibét"}, ["lso"] = {"Basa Isarat Laos"}, ["lsp"] = {"Basa Isarat Panama", "Lengua de Señas Panameñas"}, ["lsr"] = {"Basa Aruop"}, ["lss"] = {"Basa Lasi"}, ["lst"] = {"Basa Isarat Trinidad jeung Tobago"}, ["lsv"] = {"Basa Isarat Sivia"}, ["lsw"] = {"Basa Seychéll", "Lalang Siny Seselwa", "Langue des Signes Seychelloise"}, ["lsy"] = {"Basa Isarat Mauritius"}, ["ltc"] = {"Basa Late Middle Chinese"}, ["ltg"] = {"Basa Latgalian"}, ["lth"] = {"Basa Thur"}, ["lti"] = {"Basa Leti (Indonésia)"}, ["ltn"] = {"Basa Latundê"}, ["lto"] = {"Basa Tsotso", "Olutsotso"}, ["lts"] = {"Basa Tachoni", "Lutachoni"}, ["ltu"] = {"Basa Latu"}, ["lua"] = {"Basa Luba-Lulua"}, ["luc"] = {"Basa Aringa"}, ["lud"] = {"Basa Ludian"}, ["lue"] = {"Basa Luvale"}, ["luf"] = {"Basa Laua"}, ["luh"] = {"Basa Leizhou Chinese"}, ["lui"] = {"Basa Luiseño"}, ["luj"] = {"Basa Luna"}, ["luk"] = {"Basa Lunanakha"}, ["lul"] = {"Basa Olu'bo"}, ["lum"] = {"Basa Luimbi"}, ["lun"] = {"Basa Lunda"}, ["luo"] = {"Basa Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)", "Dholuo"}, ["lup"] = {"Basa Lumbu"}, ["luq"] = {"Basa Lucumi"}, ["lur"] = {"Basa Laura"}, ["lus"] = {"Basa Lushai"}, ["lut"] = {"Basa Lushootseed"}, ["luu"] = {"Basa Lumba-Yakkha"}, ["luv"] = {"Basa Luwati"}, ["luw"] = {"Basa Luo (Kamerun)"}, ["luy"] = {"Basa Luyia", "Oluluyia"}, ["luz"] = {"Basa Southern Luri"}, ["lva"] = {"Basa Maku'a"}, ["lvi"] = {"Basa Lavi"}, ["lvk"] = {"Basa Lavukaleve"}, ["lvl"] = {"Basa Lwel"}, ["lvs"] = {"Basa Standard Latvian"}, ["lvu"] = {"Basa Levuka"}, ["lwa"] = {"Basa Lwalu"}, ["lwe"] = {"Basa Lewo Eleng"}, ["lwg"] = {"Basa Wanga", "Oluwanga"}, ["lwh"] = {"Basa White Lachi"}, ["lwl"] = {"Basa Eastern Lawa"}, ["lwm"] = {"Basa Laomian"}, ["lwo"] = {"Basa Luwo"}, ["lws"] = {"Basa Isarat Malawi"}, ["lwt"] = {"Basa Lewotobi"}, ["lwu"] = {"Basa Lawu"}, ["lww"] = {"Basa Lewo"}, ["lxm"] = {"Basa Lakurumau"}, ["lya"] = {"Basa Layakha"}, ["lyg"] = {"Basa Lyngngam"}, ["lyn"] = {"Basa Luyana"}, ["lzh"] = {"Basa Literary Chinese"}, ["lzl"] = {"Basa Litzlitz"}, ["lzn"] = {"Basa Leinong Naga"}, ["lzz"] = {"Basa Laz"}, ["maa"] = {"Basa San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec"}, ["mab"] = {"Basa Yutanduchi Mixtec"}, ["mad"] = {"Basa Madurese"}, ["mae"] = {"Basa Bo-Rukul"}, ["maf"] = {"Basa Mafa"}, ["mag"] = {"Basa Magahi"}, ["mai"] = {"Basa Maithili"}, ["maj"] = {"Basa Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec"}, ["mak"] = {"Basa Makasar"}, ["mam"] = {"Basa Mam"}, ["man"] = {"Basa Mandingo", "Manding"}, ["map"] = {"Rungkun basa Austronésia"}, ["maq"] = {"Basa Chiquihuitlán Mazatec"}, ["mas"] = {"Basa Masai"}, ["mat"] = {"Basa San Francisco Matlatzinca"}, ["mau"] = {"Basa Huautla Mazatec"}, ["mav"] = {"Basa Sateré-Mawé"}, ["maw"] = {"Basa Mampruli"}, ["max"] = {"Basa North Moluccan Malay"}, ["maz"] = {"Basa Central Mazahua"}, ["mba"] = {"Basa Higaonon"}, ["mbb"] = {"Basa Western Bukidnon Manobo"}, ["mbc"] = {"Basa Macushi"}, ["mbd"] = {"Basa Dibabawon Manobo"}, ["mbe"] = {"Basa Molale"}, ["mbf"] = {"Basa Baba Malay"}, ["mbh"] = {"Basa Mangseng"}, ["mbi"] = {"Basa Ilianen Manobo"}, ["mbj"] = {"Basa Nadëb"}, ["mbk"] = {"Basa Malol"}, ["mbl"] = {"Basa Maxakalí"}, ["mbm"] = {"Basa Ombamba"}, ["mbn"] = {"Basa Macaguán"}, ["mbo"] = {"Basa Mbo (Kamerun)"}, ["mbp"] = {"Basa Malayo"}, ["mbq"] = {"Basa Maisin"}, ["mbr"] = {"Basa Nukak Makú"}, ["mbs"] = {"Basa Sarangani Manobo"}, ["mbt"] = {"Basa Matigsalug Manobo"}, ["mbu"] = {"Basa Mbula-Bwazza"}, ["mbv"] = {"Basa Mbulungish"}, ["mbw"] = {"Basa Maring"}, ["mbx"] = {"Basa Mari (East Sepik Province)"}, ["mby"] = {"Basa Memoni"}, ["mbz"] = {"Basa Amoltepec Mixtec"}, ["mca"] = {"Basa Maca"}, ["mcb"] = {"Basa Machiguenga"}, ["mcc"] = {"Basa Bitur"}, ["mcd"] = {"Basa Sharanahua"}, ["mce"] = {"Basa Itundujia Mixtec"}, ["mcf"] = {"Basa Matsés"}, ["mcg"] = {"Basa Mapoyo"}, ["mch"] = {"Basa Maquiritari"}, ["mci"] = {"Basa Mese"}, ["mcj"] = {"Basa Mvanip"}, ["mck"] = {"Basa Mbunda"}, ["mcl"] = {"Basa Macaguaje"}, ["mcm"] = {"Basa Malaccan Creole Portuguese"}, ["mcn"] = {"Basa Masana"}, ["mco"] = {"Basa Coatlán Mixe"}, ["mcp"] = {"Basa Makaa"}, ["mcq"] = {"Basa Ese"}, ["mcr"] = {"Basa Menya"}, ["mcs"] = {"Basa Mambai"}, ["mct"] = {"Basa Mengisa"}, ["mcu"] = {"Basa Cameroon Mambila"}, ["mcv"] = {"Basa Minanibai"}, ["mcw"] = {"Basa Mawa (Chad)"}, ["mcx"] = {"Basa Mpiemo"}, ["mcy"] = {"Basa South Watut"}, ["mcz"] = {"Basa Mawan"}, ["mda"] = {"Basa Mada (Nigéria)"}, ["mdb"] = {"Basa Morigi"}, ["mdc"] = {"Basa Soq", "Male (Papua Nugini)"}, ["mdd"] = {"Basa Mbum"}, ["mde"] = {"Basa Maba (Chad)"}, ["mdf"] = {"Basa Moksha"}, ["mdg"] = {"Basa Massalat"}, ["mdh"] = {"Basa Maguindanaon"}, ["mdi"] = {"Basa Mamvu"}, ["mdj"] = {"Basa Mangbetu"}, ["mdk"] = {"Basa Mangbutu"}, ["mdl"] = {"Basa Isarat Malta"}, ["mdm"] = {"Basa Mayogo"}, ["mdn"] = {"Basa Mbati"}, ["mdp"] = {"Basa Mbala"}, ["mdq"] = {"Basa Mbole"}, ["mdr"] = {"Basa Mandar"}, ["mds"] = {"Basa Maria (Papua Nugini)"}, ["mdt"] = {"Basa Mbere"}, ["mdu"] = {"Basa Mboko"}, ["mdv"] = {"Basa Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec"}, ["mdw"] = {"Basa Mbosi"}, ["mdx"] = {"Basa Dizin"}, ["mdy"] = {"Basa Male", "Male (Ethiopia)"}, ["mdz"] = {"Basa Suruí Do Pará"}, ["mea"] = {"Basa Menka"}, ["meb"] = {"Basa Ikobi"}, ["mec"] = {"Basa Marra"}, ["med"] = {"Basa Melpa"}, ["mee"] = {"Basa Mengen"}, ["mef"] = {"Basa Megam"}, ["meh"] = {"Basa Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["mei"] = {"Basa Midob"}, ["mej"] = {"Basa Meyah"}, ["mek"] = {"Basa Mekeo"}, ["mel"] = {"Basa Central Melanau"}, ["mem"] = {"Basa Mangala"}, ["men"] = {"Basa Mende (Sierra Leone)"}, ["meo"] = {"Basa Kedah Malay"}, ["mep"] = {"Basa Miriwoong"}, ["meq"] = {"Basa Merey"}, ["mer"] = {"Basa Meru"}, ["mes"] = {"Basa Masmaje"}, ["met"] = {"Basa Mato"}, ["meu"] = {"Basa Motu"}, ["mev"] = {"Basa Mano"}, ["mew"] = {"Basa Maaka"}, ["mey"] = {"Basa Hassaniyya"}, ["mez"] = {"Basa Menominee"}, ["mfa"] = {"Basa Pattani Malay"}, ["mfb"] = {"Basa Bangka"}, ["mfc"] = {"Basa Mba"}, ["mfd"] = {"Basa Mendankwe-Nkwen"}, ["mfe"] = {"Basa Morisyen"}, ["mff"] = {"Basa Naki"}, ["mfg"] = {"Basa Mogofin"}, ["mfh"] = {"Basa Matal"}, ["mfi"] = {"Basa Wandala"}, ["mfj"] = {"Basa Mefele"}, ["mfk"] = {"Basa North Mofu"}, ["mfl"] = {"Basa Putai"}, ["mfm"] = {"Basa Marghi South"}, ["mfn"] = {"Basa Cross River Mbembe"}, ["mfo"] = {"Basa Mbe"}, ["mfp"] = {"Basa Makassar Malay"}, ["mfq"] = {"Basa Moba"}, ["mfr"] = {"Basa Marrithiyel"}, ["mfs"] = {"Basa Isarat Méksiko"}, ["mft"] = {"Basa Mokerang"}, ["mfu"] = {"Basa Mbwela"}, ["mfv"] = {"Basa Mandjak"}, ["mfw"] = {"Basa Mulaha"}, ["mfx"] = {"Basa Melo"}, ["mfy"] = {"Basa Mayo"}, ["mfz"] = {"Basa Mabaan"}, ["mga"] = {"Basa Middle Irish (900-1200)"}, ["mgb"] = {"Basa Mararit"}, ["mgc"] = {"Basa Morokodo"}, ["mgd"] = {"Basa Moru"}, ["mge"] = {"Basa Mango"}, ["mgf"] = {"Basa Maklew"}, ["mgg"] = {"Basa Mpumpong"}, ["mgh"] = {"Basa Makhuwa-Meetto"}, ["mgi"] = {"Basa Lijili"}, ["mgj"] = {"Basa Abureni"}, ["mgk"] = {"Basa Mawes"}, ["mgl"] = {"Basa Maleu-Kilenge"}, ["mgm"] = {"Basa Mambae"}, ["mgn"] = {"Basa Mbangi"}, ["mgo"] = {"Basa Meta'"}, ["mgp"] = {"Basa Eastern Magar"}, ["mgq"] = {"Basa Malila"}, ["mgr"] = {"Basa Mambwe-Lungu"}, ["mgs"] = {"Basa Manda (Tanzania)"}, ["mgt"] = {"Basa Mongol"}, ["mgu"] = {"Basa Mailu"}, ["mgv"] = {"Basa Matengo"}, ["mgw"] = {"Basa Matumbi"}, ["mgy"] = {"Basa Mbunga"}, ["mgz"] = {"Basa Mbugwe"}, ["mha"] = {"Basa Manda (India)"}, ["mhb"] = {"Basa Mahongwe"}, ["mhc"] = {"Basa Mocho"}, ["mhd"] = {"Basa Mbugu"}, ["mhe"] = {"Basa Besisi", "Mah Meri"}, ["mhf"] = {"Basa Mamaa"}, ["mhg"] = {"Basa Margu"}, ["mhi"] = {"Basa Ma'di"}, ["mhj"] = {"Basa Mogholi"}, ["mhk"] = {"Basa Mungaka"}, ["mhl"] = {"Basa Mauwake"}, ["mhm"] = {"Basa Makhuwa-Moniga"}, ["mhn"] = {"Basa Mòcheno"}, ["mho"] = {"Basa Mashi (Zambia)"}, ["mhp"] = {"Basa Balinese Malay"}, ["mhq"] = {"Basa Mandan"}, ["mhr"] = {"Basa Eastern Mari"}, ["mhs"] = {"Basa Buru (Indonésia)"}, ["mht"] = {"Basa Mandahuaca"}, ["mhu"] = {"Basa Digaro-Mishmi", "Darang Deng"}, ["mhw"] = {"Basa Mbukushu"}, ["mhx"] = {"Basa Maru", "Lhaovo"}, ["mhy"] = {"Basa Ma'anyan"}, ["mhz"] = {"Basa Mor (Mor Islands)"}, ["mia"] = {"Basa Miami"}, ["mib"] = {"Basa Atatláhuca Mixtec"}, ["mic"] = {"Basa Mi'kmaq", "Micmac"}, ["mid"] = {"Basa Mandaic"}, ["mie"] = {"Basa Ocotepec Mixtec"}, ["mif"] = {"Basa Mofu-Gudur"}, ["mig"] = {"Basa San Miguel El Grande Mixtec"}, ["mih"] = {"Basa Chayuco Mixtec"}, ["mii"] = {"Basa Chigmecatitlán Mixtec"}, ["mij"] = {"Basa Abar", "Mungbam"}, ["mik"] = {"Basa Mikasuki"}, ["mil"] = {"Basa Peñoles Mixtec"}, ["mim"] = {"Basa Alacatlatzala Mixtec"}, ["min"] = {"Basa Minangkabau"}, ["mio"] = {"Basa Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec"}, ["mip"] = {"Basa Apasco-Apoala Mixtec"}, ["miq"] = {"Basa Mískito"}, ["mir"] = {"Basa Isthmus Mixe"}, ["mis"] = {"Basa nu teu dikodekeun"}, ["mit"] = {"Basa Southern Puebla Mixtec"}, ["miu"] = {"Basa Cacaloxtepec Mixtec"}, ["miw"] = {"Basa Akoye"}, ["mix"] = {"Basa Mixtepec Mixtec"}, ["miy"] = {"Basa Ayutla Mixtec"}, ["miz"] = {"Basa Coatzospan Mixtec"}, ["mjb"] = {"Basa Makalero"}, ["mjc"] = {"Basa San Juan Colorado Mixtec"}, ["mjd"] = {"Basa Northwest Maidu"}, ["mje"] = {"Basa Muskum"}, ["mjg"] = {"Basa Tu"}, ["mjh"] = {"Basa Mwera (Nyasa)"}, ["mji"] = {"Basa Kim Mun"}, ["mjj"] = {"Basa Mawak"}, ["mjk"] = {"Basa Matukar"}, ["mjl"] = {"Basa Mandeali"}, ["mjm"] = {"Basa Medebur"}, ["mjn"] = {"Basa Ma (Papua Nugini)"}, ["mjo"] = {"Basa Malankuravan"}, ["mjp"] = {"Basa Malapandaram"}, ["mjq"] = {"Basa Malaryan"}, ["mjr"] = {"Basa Malavedan"}, ["mjs"] = {"Basa Miship"}, ["mjt"] = {"Basa Sauria Paharia"}, ["mju"] = {"Basa Manna-Dora"}, ["mjv"] = {"Basa Mannan"}, ["mjw"] = {"Basa Karbi"}, ["mjx"] = {"Basa Mahali"}, ["mjy"] = {"Basa Mahican"}, ["mjz"] = {"Basa Majhi"}, ["mka"] = {"Basa Mbre"}, ["mkb"] = {"Basa Mal Paharia"}, ["mkc"] = {"Basa Siliput"}, ["mke"] = {"Basa Mawchi"}, ["mkf"] = {"Basa Miya"}, ["mkg"] = {"Basa Mak (China)"}, ["mkh"] = {"Rungkun basa Mon-Khmer"}, ["mki"] = {"Basa Dhatki"}, ["mkj"] = {"Basa Mokilese"}, ["mkk"] = {"Basa Byep"}, ["mkl"] = {"Basa Mokole"}, ["mkm"] = {"Basa Moklen"}, ["mkn"] = {"Basa Kupang Malay"}, ["mko"] = {"Basa Mingang Doso"}, ["mkp"] = {"Basa Moikodi"}, ["mkq"] = {"Basa Bay Miwok"}, ["mkr"] = {"Basa Malas"}, ["mks"] = {"Basa Silacayoapan Mixtec"}, ["mkt"] = {"Basa Vamale"}, ["mku"] = {"Basa Konyanka Maninka"}, ["mkv"] = {"Basa Mafea"}, ["mkw"] = {"Basa Kituba (Kongo)"}, ["mkx"] = {"Basa Kinamiging Manobo"}, ["mky"] = {"Basa East Makian"}, ["mkz"] = {"Basa Makasae"}, ["mla"] = {"Basa Malo"}, ["mlb"] = {"Basa Mbule"}, ["mlc"] = {"Basa Cao Lan"}, ["mle"] = {"Basa Manambu"}, ["mlf"] = {"Basa Mal"}, ["mlh"] = {"Basa Mape"}, ["mli"] = {"Basa Malimpung"}, ["mlj"] = {"Basa Miltu"}, ["mlk"] = {"Basa Ilwana", "Kiwilwana"}, ["mll"] = {"Basa Malua Bay"}, ["mlm"] = {"Basa Mulam"}, ["mln"] = {"Basa Malango"}, ["mlo"] = {"Basa Mlomp"}, ["mlp"] = {"Basa Bargam"}, ["mlq"] = {"Basa Western Maninkakan"}, ["mlr"] = {"Basa Vame"}, ["mls"] = {"Basa Masalit"}, ["mlu"] = {"Basa To'abaita"}, ["mlv"] = {"Basa Motlav", "Mwotlap"}, ["mlw"] = {"Basa Moloko"}, ["mlx"] = {"Basa Malfaxal", "Naha'ai"}, ["mlz"] = {"Basa Malaynon"}, ["mma"] = {"Basa Mama"}, ["mmb"] = {"Basa Momina"}, ["mmc"] = {"Basa Michoacán Mazahua"}, ["mmd"] = {"Basa Maonan"}, ["mme"] = {"Basa Mae"}, ["mmf"] = {"Basa Mundat"}, ["mmg"] = {"Basa North Ambrym"}, ["mmh"] = {"Basa Mehináku"}, ["mmi"] = {"Basa Hember Avu", "Amben", "Musar"}, ["mmj"] = {"Basa Majhwar"}, ["mmk"] = {"Basa Mukha-Dora"}, ["mml"] = {"Basa Man Met"}, ["mmm"] = {"Basa Maii"}, ["mmn"] = {"Basa Mamanwa"}, ["mmo"] = {"Basa Mangga Buang"}, ["mmp"] = {"Basa Siawi"}, ["mmq"] = {"Basa Musak"}, ["mmr"] = {"Basa Western Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mmt"] = {"Basa Malalamai"}, ["mmu"] = {"Basa Mmaala"}, ["mmv"] = {"Basa Miriti"}, ["mmw"] = {"Basa Emae"}, ["mmx"] = {"Basa Madak"}, ["mmy"] = {"Basa Migaama"}, ["mmz"] = {"Basa Mabaale"}, ["mna"] = {"Basa Mbula"}, ["mnb"] = {"Basa Muna"}, ["mnc"] = {"Basa Manchu"}, ["mnd"] = {"Basa Mondé"}, ["mne"] = {"Basa Naba"}, ["mnf"] = {"Basa Mundani"}, ["mng"] = {"Basa Eastern Mnong"}, ["mnh"] = {"Basa Mono (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["mni"] = {"Basa Manipuri"}, ["mnj"] = {"Basa Munji"}, ["mnk"] = {"Basa Mandinka"}, ["mnl"] = {"Basa Tiale"}, ["mnm"] = {"Basa Mapena"}, ["mnn"] = {"Basa Southern Mnong"}, ["mno"] = {"Rungkun basa Manobo"}, ["mnp"] = {"Basa Min Bei Chinese"}, ["mnq"] = {"Basa Minriq"}, ["mnr"] = {"Basa Mono (USA)"}, ["mns"] = {"Basa Mansi"}, ["mnu"] = {"Basa Mer"}, ["mnv"] = {"Basa Rennell-Bellona"}, ["mnw"] = {"Basa Mon"}, ["mnx"] = {"Basa Manikion"}, ["mny"] = {"Basa Manyawa"}, ["mnz"] = {"Basa Moni"}, ["moa"] = {"Basa Mwan"}, ["moc"] = {"Basa Mocoví"}, ["mod"] = {"Basa Mobilian"}, ["moe"] = {"Basa Innu", "Montagnais"}, ["mog"] = {"Basa Mongondow"}, ["moh"] = {"Basa Mohawk", "Kanien'kéha"}, ["moi"] = {"Basa Mboi"}, ["moj"] = {"Basa Monzombo"}, ["mok"] = {"Basa Morori"}, ["mom"] = {"Basa Mangue"}, ["moo"] = {"Basa Monom"}, ["mop"] = {"Basa Mopán Maya"}, ["moq"] = {"Basa Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)"}, ["mor"] = {"Basa Moro"}, ["mos"] = {"Basa Mossi"}, ["mot"] = {"Basa Barí"}, ["mou"] = {"Basa Mogum"}, ["mov"] = {"Basa Mohave"}, ["mow"] = {"Basa Moi (Kongo)"}, ["mox"] = {"Basa Molima"}, ["moy"] = {"Basa Shekkacho"}, ["moz"] = {"Basa Mukulu", "Gergiko"}, ["mpa"] = {"Basa Mpoto"}, ["mpb"] = {"Basa Malak Malak", "Basa Mullukmulluk"}, ["mpc"] = {"Basa Mangarrayi"}, ["mpd"] = {"Basa Machinere"}, ["mpe"] = {"Basa Majang"}, ["mpg"] = {"Basa Marba"}, ["mph"] = {"Basa Maung"}, ["mpi"] = {"Basa Mpade"}, ["mpj"] = {"Basa Martu Wangka", "Basa Wangkajunga"}, ["mpk"] = {"Basa Mbara (Chad)"}, ["mpl"] = {"Basa Middle Watut"}, ["mpm"] = {"Basa Yosondúa Mixtec"}, ["mpn"] = {"Basa Mindiri"}, ["mpo"] = {"Basa Miu"}, ["mpp"] = {"Basa Migabac"}, ["mpq"] = {"Basa Matís"}, ["mpr"] = {"Basa Vangunu"}, ["mps"] = {"Basa Dadibi"}, ["mpt"] = {"Basa Mian"}, ["mpu"] = {"Basa Makuráp"}, ["mpv"] = {"Basa Mungkip"}, ["mpw"] = {"Basa Mapidian"}, ["mpx"] = {"Basa Misima-Panaeati"}, ["mpy"] = {"Basa Mapia"}, ["mpz"] = {"Basa Mpi"}, ["mqa"] = {"Basa Maba (Indonésia)"}, ["mqb"] = {"Basa Mbuko"}, ["mqc"] = {"Basa Mangole"}, ["mqe"] = {"Basa Matepi"}, ["mqf"] = {"Basa Momuna"}, ["mqg"] = {"Basa Kota Bangun Kutai Malay"}, ["mqh"] = {"Basa Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["mqi"] = {"Basa Mariri"}, ["mqj"] = {"Basa Mamasa"}, ["mqk"] = {"Basa Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo"}, ["mql"] = {"Basa Mbelime"}, ["mqm"] = {"Basa South Marquesan"}, ["mqn"] = {"Basa Moronene"}, ["mqo"] = {"Basa Modole"}, ["mqp"] = {"Basa Manipa"}, ["mqq"] = {"Basa Minokok"}, ["mqr"] = {"Basa Mander"}, ["mqs"] = {"Basa West Makian"}, ["mqt"] = {"Basa Mok"}, ["mqu"] = {"Basa Mandari"}, ["mqv"] = {"Basa Mosimo"}, ["mqw"] = {"Basa Murupi"}, ["mqx"] = {"Basa Mamuju"}, ["mqy"] = {"Basa Manggarai"}, ["mqz"] = {"Basa Pano"}, ["mra"] = {"Basa Mlabri"}, ["mrb"] = {"Basa Marino"}, ["mrc"] = {"Basa Maricopa"}, ["mrd"] = {"Basa Western Magar"}, ["mre"] = {"Basa Isarat Kebon Anggur Martha"}, ["mrf"] = {"Basa Elseng"}, ["mrg"] = {"Basa Mising"}, ["mrh"] = {"Basa Mara Chin"}, ["mrj"] = {"Basa Western Mari"}, ["mrk"] = {"Basa Hmwaveke"}, ["mrl"] = {"Basa Mortlockese"}, ["mrm"] = {"Basa Merlav", "Mwerlap"}, ["mrn"] = {"Basa Cheke Holo"}, ["mro"] = {"Basa Mru"}, ["mrp"] = {"Basa Morouas"}, ["mrq"] = {"Basa North Marquesan"}, ["mrr"] = {"Basa Maria (India)"}, ["mrs"] = {"Basa Maragus"}, ["mrt"] = {"Basa Marghi Tengah"}, ["mru"] = {"Basa Mono (Kamerun)"}, ["mrv"] = {"Basa Mangareva"}, ["mrw"] = {"Basa Maranao"}, ["mrx"] = {"Basa Maremgi", "Dineor"}, ["mry"] = {"Basa Mandaya"}, ["mrz"] = {"Basa Marind"}, ["msb"] = {"Basa Masbatenyo"}, ["msc"] = {"Basa Sankaran Maninka"}, ["msd"] = {"Basa Isarat Yucatec Maya"}, ["mse"] = {"Basa Musey"}, ["msf"] = {"Basa Mekwei"}, ["msg"] = {"Basa Moraid"}, ["msh"] = {"Basa Masikoro Malagasy"}, ["msi"] = {"Basa Sabah Malay"}, ["msj"] = {"Basa Ma (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["msk"] = {"Basa Mansaka"}, ["msl"] = {"Basa Molof", "Poule"}, ["msm"] = {"Basa Agusan Manobo"}, ["msn"] = {"Basa Vurës"}, ["mso"] = {"Basa Mombum"}, ["msp"] = {"Basa Maritsauá"}, ["msq"] = {"Basa Caac"}, ["msr"] = {"Basa Isarat Mongolia"}, ["mss"] = {"Basa West Masela"}, ["msu"] = {"Basa Musom"}, ["msv"] = {"Basa Maslam"}, ["msw"] = {"Basa Mansoanka"}, ["msx"] = {"Basa Moresada"}, ["msy"] = {"Basa Aruamu"}, ["msz"] = {"Basa Momare"}, ["mta"] = {"Basa Cotabato Manobo"}, ["mtb"] = {"Basa Anyin Morofo"}, ["mtc"] = {"Basa Munit"}, ["mtd"] = {"Basa Mualang"}, ["mte"] = {"Basa Mono (Solomon Islands)"}, ["mtf"] = {"Basa Murik (Papua Nugini)"}, ["mtg"] = {"Basa Una"}, ["mth"] = {"Basa Munggui"}, ["mti"] = {"Basa Maiwa (Papua Nugini)"}, ["mtj"] = {"Basa Moskona"}, ["mtk"] = {"Basa Mbe'"}, ["mtl"] = {"Basa Montol"}, ["mtm"] = {"Basa Mator"}, ["mtn"] = {"Basa Matagalpa"}, ["mto"] = {"Basa Totontepec Mixe"}, ["mtp"] = {"Basa Wichí Lhamtés Nocten"}, ["mtq"] = {"Basa Muong"}, ["mtr"] = {"Basa Mewari"}, ["mts"] = {"Basa Yora"}, ["mtt"] = {"Basa Mota"}, ["mtu"] = {"Basa Tututepec Mixtec"}, ["mtv"] = {"Basa Asaro'o"}, ["mtw"] = {"Basa Southern Binukidnon"}, ["mtx"] = {"Basa Tidaá Mixtec"}, ["mty"] = {"Basa Nabi"}, ["mua"] = {"Basa Mundang"}, ["mub"] = {"Basa Mubi"}, ["muc"] = {"Basa Ajumbu"}, ["mud"] = {"Basa Mednyj Aleut"}, ["mue"] = {"Basa Media Lengua"}, ["mug"] = {"Basa Musgu"}, ["muh"] = {"Basa Mündü"}, ["mui"] = {"Basa Musi"}, ["muj"] = {"Basa Mabire"}, ["muk"] = {"Basa Mugom"}, ["mul"] = {"Sababaraha basa"}, ["mum"] = {"Basa Maiwala"}, ["mun"] = {"Rungkun basa Munda"}, ["muo"] = {"Basa Nyong"}, ["mup"] = {"Basa Malvi"}, ["muq"] = {"Basa Eastern Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mur"] = {"Basa Murle"}, ["mus"] = {"Basa Creek"}, ["mut"] = {"Basa Western Muria"}, ["muu"] = {"Basa Yaaku"}, ["muv"] = {"Basa Muthuvan"}, ["mux"] = {"Basa Bo-Ung"}, ["muy"] = {"Basa Muyang"}, ["muz"] = {"Basa Mursi"}, ["mva"] = {"Basa Manam"}, ["mvb"] = {"Basa Mattole"}, ["mvd"] = {"Basa Mamboru"}, ["mve"] = {"Basa Marwari (Pakistan)"}, ["mvf"] = {"Basa Peripheral Mongolian"}, ["mvg"] = {"Basa Yucuañe Mixtec"}, ["mvh"] = {"Basa Mulgi"}, ["mvi"] = {"Basa Miyako"}, ["mvk"] = {"Basa Mekmek"}, ["mvl"] = {"Basa Mbara (Australia)"}, ["mvn"] = {"Basa Minaveha"}, ["mvo"] = {"Basa Marovo"}, ["mvp"] = {"Basa Duri"}, ["mvq"] = {"Basa Moere"}, ["mvr"] = {"Basa Marau"}, ["mvs"] = {"Basa Massep"}, ["mvt"] = {"Basa Mpotovoro"}, ["mvu"] = {"Basa Marfa"}, ["mvv"] = {"Basa Tagal Murut"}, ["mvw"] = {"Basa Machinga"}, ["mvx"] = {"Basa Meoswar"}, ["mvy"] = {"Basa Indus Kohistani"}, ["mvz"] = {"Basa Mesqan"}, ["mwa"] = {"Basa Mwatebu"}, ["mwb"] = {"Basa Juwal"}, ["mwc"] = {"Basa Are"}, ["mwe"] = {"Basa Mwera (Chimwera)"}, ["mwf"] = {"Basa Murrinh-Patha"}, ["mwg"] = {"Basa Aiklep"}, ["mwh"] = {"Basa Mouk-Aria"}, ["mwi"] = {"Basa Labo", "Ninde"}, ["mwk"] = {"Basa Kita Maninkakan"}, ["mwl"] = {"Basa Mirandese"}, ["mwm"] = {"Basa Sar"}, ["mwn"] = {"Basa Nyamwanga"}, ["mwo"] = {"Basa Central Maewo"}, ["mwp"] = {"Basa Kala Lagaw Ya"}, ["mwq"] = {"Basa Mün Chin"}, ["mwr"] = {"Basa Marwari"}, ["mws"] = {"Basa Mwimbi-Muthambi"}, ["mwt"] = {"Basa Moken"}, ["mwu"] = {"Basa Mittu"}, ["mwv"] = {"Basa Mentawai"}, ["mww"] = {"Basa Hmong Daw"}, ["mwz"] = {"Basa Moingi"}, ["mxa"] = {"Basa Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec"}, ["mxb"] = {"Basa Tezoatlán Mixtec"}, ["mxc"] = {"Basa Manyika"}, ["mxd"] = {"Basa Modang"}, ["mxe"] = {"Basa Mele-Fila"}, ["mxf"] = {"Basa Malgbe"}, ["mxg"] = {"Basa Mbangala"}, ["mxh"] = {"Basa Mvuba"}, ["mxi"] = {"Basa Mozarabic"}, ["mxj"] = {"Basa Miju-Mishmi", "Geman Deng"}, ["mxk"] = {"Basa Monumbo"}, ["mxl"] = {"Basa Maxi Gbe"}, ["mxm"] = {"Basa Meramera"}, ["mxn"] = {"Basa basa Moi (Indonésia)"}, ["mxo"] = {"Basa Mbowe"}, ["mxp"] = {"Basa Tlahuitoltepec Mixe"}, ["mxq"] = {"Basa Juquila Mixe"}, ["mxr"] = {"Basa Murik (Malaysia)"}, ["mxs"] = {"Basa Huitepec Mixtec"}, ["mxt"] = {"Basa Jamiltepec Mixtec"}, ["mxu"] = {"Basa Mada (Kamerun)"}, ["mxv"] = {"Basa Metlatónoc Mixtec"}, ["mxw"] = {"Basa Namo"}, ["mxx"] = {"Basa Mahou", "Mawukakan"}, ["mxy"] = {"Basa Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec"}, ["mxz"] = {"Basa Central Masela"}, ["myb"] = {"Basa Mbay"}, ["myc"] = {"Basa Mayeka"}, ["mye"] = {"Basa Myene"}, ["myf"] = {"Basa Bambassi"}, ["myg"] = {"Basa Manta"}, ["myh"] = {"Basa Makah"}, ["myj"] = {"Basa Mangayat"}, ["myk"] = {"Basa Mamara Senoufo"}, ["myl"] = {"Basa Moma"}, ["mym"] = {"Basa Me'en"}, ["myn"] = {"Rungkun basa Maya"}, ["myo"] = {"Basa Anfillo"}, ["myp"] = {"Basa Pirahã"}, ["myr"] = {"Basa Muniche"}, ["mys"] = {"Basa Mesmes"}, ["myu"] = {"Basa Mundurukú"}, ["myv"] = {"Basa Erzya"}, ["myw"] = {"Basa Muyuw"}, ["myx"] = {"Basa Masaaba"}, ["myy"] = {"Basa Macuna"}, ["myz"] = {"Basa Classical Mandaic"}, ["mza"] = {"Basa Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec"}, ["mzb"] = {"Basa Tumzabt"}, ["mzc"] = {"Basa Isarat Madagaskar"}, ["mzd"] = {"Basa Malimba"}, ["mze"] = {"Basa Morawa"}, ["mzg"] = {"Basa Isarat Biara"}, ["mzh"] = {"Basa Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay"}, ["mzi"] = {"Basa Ixcatlán Mazatec"}, ["mzj"] = {"Basa Manya"}, ["mzk"] = {"Basa Nigeria Mambila"}, ["mzl"] = {"Basa Mazatlán Mixe"}, ["mzm"] = {"Basa Mumuye"}, ["mzn"] = {"Basa Mazanderani"}, ["mzo"] = {"Basa Matipuhy"}, ["mzp"] = {"Basa Movima"}, ["mzq"] = {"Basa Mori Atas"}, ["mzr"] = {"Basa Marúbo"}, ["mzs"] = {"Basa Macanese"}, ["mzt"] = {"Basa Mintil"}, ["mzu"] = {"Basa Inapang"}, ["mzv"] = {"Basa Manza"}, ["mzw"] = {"Basa Deg"}, ["mzx"] = {"Basa Mawayana"}, ["mzy"] = {"Basa Isarat Mosambik"}, ["mzz"] = {"Basa Maiadomu"}, ["naa"] = {"Basa Namla"}, ["nab"] = {"Basa Southern Nambikuára"}, ["nac"] = {"Basa Narak"}, ["nae"] = {"Basa Naka'ela"}, ["naf"] = {"Basa Nabak"}, ["nag"] = {"Basa Naga Pidgin"}, ["nah"] = {"Rungkun basa Nahuatl"}, ["nai"] = {"Rungkun basa Indian Amérika Kalér"}, ["naj"] = {"Basa Nalu"}, ["nak"] = {"Basa Nakanai"}, ["nal"] = {"Basa Nalik"}, ["nam"] = {"Basa Ngan'gityemerri"}, ["nan"] = {"Basa Min Nan Chinese"}, ["nao"] = {"Basa Naaba"}, ["nap"] = {"Basa Neapolitan"}, ["naq"] = {"Basa Khoekhoe", "Nama (Namibia)"}, ["nar"] = {"Basa Iguta"}, ["nas"] = {"Basa Naasioi"}, ["nat"] = {"Basa Ca̱hungwa̱rya̱", "Hungworo"}, ["naw"] = {"Basa Nawuri"}, ["nax"] = {"Basa Nakwi"}, ["nay"] = {"Basa Ngarrindjeri"}, ["naz"] = {"Basa Coatepec Nahuatl"}, ["nba"] = {"Basa Nyemba"}, ["nbb"] = {"Basa Ndoe"}, ["nbc"] = {"Basa Chang Naga"}, ["nbd"] = {"Basa Ngbinda"}, ["nbe"] = {"Basa Konyak Naga"}, ["nbg"] = {"Basa Nagarchal"}, ["nbh"] = {"Basa Ngamo"}, ["nbi"] = {"Basa Mao Naga"}, ["nbj"] = {"Basa Ngarinyman"}, ["nbk"] = {"Basa Nake"}, ["nbm"] = {"Basa Ngbaka Ma'bo"}, ["nbn"] = {"Basa Kuri"}, ["nbo"] = {"Basa Nkukoli"}, ["nbp"] = {"Basa Nnam"}, ["nbq"] = {"Basa Nggem"}, ["nbr"] = {"Basa Numana"}, ["nbs"] = {"Basa Isarat Namibia"}, ["nbt"] = {"Basa Na"}, ["nbu"] = {"Basa Rongmei Naga"}, ["nbv"] = {"Basa Ngamambo"}, ["nbw"] = {"Basa Southern Ngbandi"}, ["nby"] = {"Basa Ningera"}, ["nca"] = {"Basa Iyo"}, ["ncb"] = {"Basa Central Nicobarese"}, ["ncc"] = {"Basa Ponam"}, ["ncd"] = {"Basa Nachering"}, ["nce"] = {"Basa Yale"}, ["ncf"] = {"Basa Notsi"}, ["ncg"] = {"Basa Nisga'a"}, ["nch"] = {"Basa Central Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nci"] = {"Basa Classical Nahuatl"}, ["ncj"] = {"Basa Northern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["nck"] = {"Basa Na-kara"}, ["ncl"] = {"Basa Michoacán Nahuatl"}, ["ncm"] = {"Basa Nambo"}, ["ncn"] = {"Basa Nauna"}, ["nco"] = {"Basa Sibe"}, ["ncq"] = {"Basa Northern Katang"}, ["ncr"] = {"Basa Ncane"}, ["ncs"] = {"Basa Isarat Nikaragua"}, ["nct"] = {"Basa Chothe Naga"}, ["ncu"] = {"Basa Chumburung"}, ["ncx"] = {"Basa Central Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["ncz"] = {"Basa Natchez"}, ["nda"] = {"Basa Ndasa"}, ["ndb"] = {"Basa Kenswei Nsei"}, ["ndc"] = {"Basa Ndau"}, ["ndd"] = {"Basa Nde-Nsele-Nta"}, ["ndf"] = {"Basa Nadruvian"}, ["ndg"] = {"Basa Ndengereko"}, ["ndh"] = {"Basa Ndali"}, ["ndi"] = {"Basa Samba Leko"}, ["ndj"] = {"Basa Ndamba"}, ["ndk"] = {"Basa Ndaka"}, ["ndl"] = {"Basa Ndolo"}, ["ndm"] = {"Basa Ndam"}, ["ndn"] = {"Basa Ngundi"}, ["ndp"] = {"Basa Ndo"}, ["ndq"] = {"Basa Ndombe"}, ["ndr"] = {"Basa Ndoola"}, ["nds"] = {"Basa Low German", "Low Saxon"}, ["ndt"] = {"Basa Ndunga"}, ["ndu"] = {"Basa Dugun"}, ["ndv"] = {"Basa Ndut"}, ["ndw"] = {"Basa Ndobo"}, ["ndx"] = {"Basa Nduga"}, ["ndy"] = {"Basa Lutos"}, ["ndz"] = {"Basa Ndogo"}, ["nea"] = {"Basa Eastern Ngad'a"}, ["neb"] = {"Basa Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["nec"] = {"Basa Nedebang"}, ["ned"] = {"Basa Nde-Gbite"}, ["nee"] = {"Basa Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak"}, ["nef"] = {"Basa Nefamese"}, ["neg"] = {"Basa Negidal"}, ["neh"] = {"Basa Nyenkha"}, ["nei"] = {"Basa Neo-Hittite"}, ["nej"] = {"Basa Neko"}, ["nek"] = {"Basa Neku"}, ["nem"] = {"Basa Nemi"}, ["nen"] = {"Basa Nengone"}, ["neo"] = {"Basa Ná-Meo"}, ["neq"] = {"Basa North Central Mixe"}, ["ner"] = {"Basa Yahadian"}, ["nes"] = {"Basa Bhoti Kinnauri"}, ["net"] = {"Basa Nete"}, ["neu"] = {"Basa Neo"}, ["nev"] = {"Basa Nyaheun"}, ["new"] = {"Basa Nepal Bhasa", "Newar", "Newari"}, ["nex"] = {"Basa Neme"}, ["ney"] = {"Basa Neyo"}, ["nez"] = {"Basa Nez Perce"}, ["nfa"] = {"Basa Dhao"}, ["nfd"] = {"Basa Ahwai"}, ["nfl"] = {"Basa Ayiwo", "Äiwoo"}, ["nfr"] = {"Basa Nafaanra"}, ["nfu"] = {"Basa Mfumte"}, ["nga"] = {"Basa Ngbaka"}, ["ngb"] = {"Basa Northern Ngbandi"}, ["ngc"] = {"Basa Ngombe (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["ngd"] = {"Basa Ngando (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["nge"] = {"Basa Ngemba"}, ["ngf"] = {"Rungkun basa Lintas-Papua"}, ["ngg"] = {"Basa Ngbaka Manza"}, ["ngh"] = {"Basa Nǁng"}, ["ngi"] = {"Basa Ngizim"}, ["ngj"] = {"Basa Ngie"}, ["ngk"] = {"Basa Dalabon"}, ["ngl"] = {"Basa Lomwe"}, ["ngm"] = {"Basa Ngatik Men's Creole"}, ["ngn"] = {"Basa Ngwo"}, ["ngp"] = {"Basa Ngulu"}, ["ngq"] = {"Basa Ngurimi", "Ngoreme"}, ["ngr"] = {"Basa Engdewu"}, ["ngs"] = {"Basa Gvoko"}, ["ngt"] = {"Basa Kriang", "Ngeq"}, ["ngu"] = {"Basa Guerrero Nahuatl"}, ["ngv"] = {"Basa Nagumi"}, ["ngw"] = {"Basa Ngwaba"}, ["ngx"] = {"Basa Nggwahyi"}, ["ngy"] = {"Basa Tibea"}, ["ngz"] = {"Basa Ngungwel"}, ["nha"] = {"Basa Nhanda"}, ["nhb"] = {"Basa Beng"}, ["nhc"] = {"Basa Tabasco Nahuatl"}, ["nhd"] = {"Basa Chiripá", "Ava Guaraní"}, ["nhe"] = {"Basa Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nhf"] = {"Basa Nhuwala"}, ["nhg"] = {"Basa Tetelcingo Nahuatl"}, ["nhh"] = {"Basa Nahari"}, ["nhi"] = {"Basa Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl"}, ["nhk"] = {"Basa Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl"}, ["nhm"] = {"Basa Morelos Nahuatl"}, ["nhn"] = {"Basa Central Nahuatl"}, ["nho"] = {"Basa Takuu"}, ["nhp"] = {"Basa Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl"}, ["nhq"] = {"Basa Huaxcaleca Nahuatl"}, ["nhr"] = {"Basa Naro"}, ["nht"] = {"Basa Ometepec Nahuatl"}, ["nhu"] = {"Basa Noone"}, ["nhv"] = {"Basa Temascaltepec Nahuatl"}, ["nhw"] = {"Basa Western Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nhx"] = {"Basa Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl"}, ["nhy"] = {"Basa Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl"}, ["nhz"] = {"Basa Santa María La Alta Nahuatl"}, ["nia"] = {"Basa Nias"}, ["nib"] = {"Basa Nakame"}, ["nic"] = {"Basa Niger-Kongo"}, ["nid"] = {"Basa Ngandi"}, ["nie"] = {"Basa Niellim"}, ["nif"] = {"Basa Nek"}, ["nig"] = {"Basa Ngalakgan"}, ["nih"] = {"Basa Nyiha (Tanzania)"}, ["nii"] = {"Basa Nii"}, ["nij"] = {"Basa Ngaju"}, ["nik"] = {"Basa Southern Nicobarese"}, ["nil"] = {"Basa Nila"}, ["nim"] = {"Basa Nilamba"}, ["nin"] = {"Basa Ninzo"}, ["nio"] = {"Basa Nganasan"}, ["niq"] = {"Basa Nandi"}, ["nir"] = {"Basa Nimboran"}, ["nis"] = {"Basa Nimi"}, ["nit"] = {"Basa Southeastern Kolami"}, ["niu"] = {"Basa Niuean"}, ["niv"] = {"Basa Gilyak"}, ["niw"] = {"Basa Nimo"}, ["nix"] = {"Basa Hema"}, ["niy"] = {"Basa Ngiti"}, ["niz"] = {"Basa Ningil"}, ["nja"] = {"Basa Nzanyi"}, ["njb"] = {"Basa Nocte Naga"}, ["njd"] = {"Basa Ndonde Hamba"}, ["njh"] = {"Basa Lotha Naga"}, ["nji"] = {"Basa Gudanji"}, ["njj"] = {"Basa Njen"}, ["njl"] = {"Basa Njalgulgule"}, ["njm"] = {"Basa Angami Naga"}, ["njn"] = {"Basa Liangmai Naga"}, ["njo"] = {"Basa Ao Naga"}, ["njr"] = {"Basa Njerep"}, ["njs"] = {"Basa Nisa"}, ["njt"] = {"Basa Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin"}, ["nju"] = {"Basa Ngadjunmaya"}, ["njx"] = {"Basa Kunyi"}, ["njy"] = {"Basa Njyem"}, ["njz"] = {"Basa Nyishi"}, ["nka"] = {"Basa Nkoya"}, ["nkb"] = {"Basa Khoibu Naga"}, ["nkc"] = {"Basa Nkongho"}, ["nkd"] = {"Basa Koireng"}, ["nke"] = {"Basa Duke"}, ["nkf"] = {"Basa Inpui Naga"}, ["nkg"] = {"Basa Nekgini"}, ["nkh"] = {"Basa Khezha Naga"}, ["nki"] = {"Basa Thangal Naga"}, ["nkj"] = {"Basa Nakai"}, ["nkk"] = {"Basa Nokuku"}, ["nkm"] = {"Basa Namat"}, ["nkn"] = {"Basa Nkangala"}, ["nko"] = {"Basa Nkonya"}, ["nkp"] = {"Basa Niuatoputapu"}, ["nkq"] = {"Basa Nkami"}, ["nkr"] = {"Basa Nukuoro"}, ["nks"] = {"Basa North Asmat"}, ["nkt"] = {"Basa Nyika (Tanzania)"}, ["nku"] = {"Basa Bouna Kulango"}, ["nkv"] = {"Basa Nyika (Malawi and Zambia)"}, ["nkw"] = {"Basa Nkutu"}, ["nkx"] = {"Basa Nkoroo"}, ["nkz"] = {"Basa Nkari"}, ["nla"] = {"Basa Ngombale"}, ["nlc"] = {"Basa Nalca"}, ["nle"] = {"Basa East Nyala"}, ["nlg"] = {"Basa Gela"}, ["nli"] = {"Basa Grangali"}, ["nlj"] = {"Basa Nyali"}, ["nlk"] = {"Basa Ninia Yali"}, ["nll"] = {"Basa Nihali"}, ["nlm"] = {"Basa Mankiyali"}, ["nlo"] = {"Basa Ngul"}, ["nlq"] = {"Basa Lao Naga"}, ["nlu"] = {"Basa Nchumbulu"}, ["nlv"] = {"Basa Orizaba Nahuatl"}, ["nlw"] = {"Basa Walangama"}, ["nlx"] = {"Basa Nahali"}, ["nly"] = {"Basa Nyamal"}, ["nlz"] = {"Basa Nalögo"}, ["nma"] = {"Basa Maram Naga"}, ["nmb"] = {"Basa Big Nambas", "V'ënen Taut"}, ["nmc"] = {"Basa Ngam"}, ["nmd"] = {"Basa Ndumu"}, ["nme"] = {"Basa Mzieme Naga"}, ["nmf"] = {"Basa Tangkhul Naga (India)"}, ["nmg"] = {"Basa Kwasio"}, ["nmh"] = {"Basa Monsang Naga"}, ["nmi"] = {"Basa Nyam"}, ["nmj"] = {"Basa Ngombe (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["nmk"] = {"Basa Namakura"}, ["nml"] = {"Basa Ndemli"}, ["nmm"] = {"Basa Manangba"}, ["nmn"] = {"Basa ǃXóõ"}, ["nmo"] = {"Basa Moyon Naga"}, ["nmp"] = {"Basa Nimanbur"}, ["nmq"] = {"Basa Nambya"}, ["nmr"] = {"Basa Nimbari"}, ["nms"] = {"Basa Letemboi"}, ["nmt"] = {"Basa Namonuito"}, ["nmu"] = {"Basa Northeast Maidu"}, ["nmv"] = {"Basa Ngamini"}, ["nmw"] = {"Basa Nimoa", "Rifao"}, ["nmx"] = {"Basa Nama (Papua Nugini)"}, ["nmy"] = {"Basa Namuyi"}, ["nmz"] = {"Basa Nawdm"}, ["nna"] = {"Basa Nyangumarta"}, ["nnb"] = {"Basa Nande"}, ["nnc"] = {"Basa Nancere"}, ["nnd"] = {"Basa West Ambae"}, ["nne"] = {"Basa Ngandyera"}, ["nnf"] = {"Basa Ngaing"}, ["nng"] = {"Basa Maring Naga"}, ["nnh"] = {"Basa Ngiemboon"}, ["nni"] = {"Basa North Nuaulu"}, ["nnj"] = {"Basa Nyangatom"}, ["nnk"] = {"Basa Nankina"}, ["nnl"] = {"Basa Northern Rengma Naga"}, ["nnm"] = {"Basa Namia"}, ["nnn"] = {"Basa Ngete"}, ["nnp"] = {"Basa Wancho Naga"}, ["nnq"] = {"Basa Ngindo"}, ["nnr"] = {"Basa Narungga"}, ["nnt"] = {"Basa Nanticoke"}, ["nnu"] = {"Basa Dwang"}, ["nnv"] = {"Basa Nugunu (Australia)"}, ["nnw"] = {"Basa Southern Nuni"}, ["nny"] = {"Basa Nyangga"}, ["nnz"] = {"Basa Nda'nda'"}, ["noa"] = {"Basa Woun Meu"}, ["noc"] = {"Basa Nuk"}, ["nod"] = {"Basa Northern Thai"}, ["noe"] = {"Basa Nimadi"}, ["nof"] = {"Basa Nomane"}, ["nog"] = {"Basa Nogai"}, ["noh"] = {"Basa Nomu"}, ["noi"] = {"Basa Noiri"}, ["noj"] = {"Basa Nonuya"}, ["nok"] = {"Basa Nooksack", "Lhéchelesem"}, ["nol"] = {"Basa Nomlaki"}, ["non"] = {"Basa Old Norse"}, ["nop"] = {"Basa Numanggang"}, ["noq"] = {"Basa Ngongo"}, ["nos"] = {"Basa Eastern Nisu"}, ["not"] = {"Basa Nomatsiguenga"}, ["nou"] = {"Basa Ewage-Notu"}, ["nov"] = {"Basa Novial"}, ["now"] = {"Basa Nyambo"}, ["noy"] = {"Basa Noy"}, ["noz"] = {"Basa Nayi"}, ["npa"] = {"Basa Nar Phu"}, ["npb"] = {"Basa Nupbikha"}, ["npg"] = {"Basa Ponyo-Gongwang Naga"}, ["nph"] = {"Basa Phom Naga"}, ["npi"] = {"Basa Nepali (individual language)"}, ["npl"] = {"Basa Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["npn"] = {"Basa Mondropolon"}, ["npo"] = {"Basa Pochuri Naga"}, ["nps"] = {"Basa Nipsan"}, ["npu"] = {"Basa Puimei Naga"}, ["npx"] = {"Basa Noipx"}, ["npy"] = {"Basa Napu"}, ["nqg"] = {"Basa Southern Nago"}, ["nqk"] = {"Basa Kura Ede Nago"}, ["nql"] = {"Basa Ngendelengo"}, ["nqm"] = {"Basa Ndom"}, ["nqn"] = {"Basa Nen"}, ["nqo"] = {"Basa N'Ko", "N’Ko"}, ["nqq"] = {"Basa Kyan-Karyaw Naga"}, ["nqt"] = {"Basa Nteng"}, ["nqy"] = {"Basa Akyaung Ari Naga"}, ["nra"] = {"Basa Ngom"}, ["nrb"] = {"Basa Nara"}, ["nrc"] = {"Basa Noric"}, ["nre"] = {"Basa Southern Rengma Naga"}, ["nrf"] = {"Basa Jèrriais", "Guernésiais", "Sercquiais"}, ["nrg"] = {"Basa Narango"}, ["nri"] = {"Basa Chokri Naga"}, ["nrk"] = {"Basa Ngarla"}, ["nrl"] = {"Basa Ngarluma"}, ["nrm"] = {"Basa Narom"}, ["nrn"] = {"Basa Norn"}, ["nrp"] = {"Basa North Picene"}, ["nrr"] = {"Basa Norra", "Nora"}, ["nrt"] = {"Basa Northern Kalapuya"}, ["nru"] = {"Basa Narua"}, ["nrx"] = {"Basa Ngurmbur"}, ["nrz"] = {"Basa Lala"}, ["nsa"] = {"Basa Sangtam Naga"}, ["nsb"] = {"Basa Lower Nossob"}, ["nsc"] = {"Basa Nshi"}, ["nsd"] = {"Basa Southern Nisu"}, ["nse"] = {"Basa Nsenga"}, ["nsf"] = {"Basa Northwestern Nisu"}, ["nsg"] = {"Basa Ngasa"}, ["nsh"] = {"Basa Ngoshie"}, ["nsi"] = {"Basa Isarat Nigéria"}, ["nsk"] = {"Basa Naskapi"}, ["nsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Norwégia"}, ["nsm"] = {"Basa Sumi Naga"}, ["nsn"] = {"Basa Nehan"}, ["nso"] = {"Basa Pedi", "Northern Sotho", "Sepedi"}, ["nsp"] = {"Basa Isarat Népal"}, ["nsq"] = {"Basa Northern Sierra Miwok"}, ["nsr"] = {"Basa Isarat Maritim"}, ["nss"] = {"Basa Nali"}, ["nst"] = {"Basa Tase Naga"}, ["nsu"] = {"Basa Sierra Negra Nahuatl"}, ["nsv"] = {"Basa Southwestern Nisu"}, ["nsw"] = {"Basa Navut"}, ["nsx"] = {"Basa Nsongo"}, ["nsy"] = {"Basa Nasal"}, ["nsz"] = {"Basa Nisenan"}, ["ntd"] = {"Basa Northern Tidung"}, ["ntg"] = {"Basa Ngantangarra"}, ["nti"] = {"Basa Natioro"}, ["ntj"] = {"Basa Ngaanyatjarra"}, ["ntk"] = {"Basa Ikoma-Nata-Isenye"}, ["ntm"] = {"Basa Nateni"}, ["nto"] = {"Basa Ntomba"}, ["ntp"] = {"Basa Northern Tepehuan"}, ["ntr"] = {"Basa Delo"}, ["ntu"] = {"Basa Natügu"}, ["ntw"] = {"Basa Nottoway"}, ["ntx"] = {"Basa Tangkhul Naga (Myanmar)"}, ["nty"] = {"Basa Mantsi"}, ["ntz"] = {"Basa Natanzi"}, ["nua"] = {"Basa Yuanga"}, ["nub"] = {"Rungkun basa Nubia"}, ["nuc"] = {"Basa Nukuini"}, ["nud"] = {"Basa Ngala"}, ["nue"] = {"Basa Ngundu"}, ["nuf"] = {"Basa Nusu"}, ["nug"] = {"Basa Nungali"}, ["nuh"] = {"Basa Ndunda"}, ["nui"] = {"Basa Ngumbi"}, ["nuj"] = {"Basa Nyole"}, ["nuk"] = {"Basa Nuu-chah-nulth", "Nuuchahnulth"}, ["nul"] = {"Basa Nusa Laut"}, ["num"] = {"Basa Niuafo'ou"}, ["nun"] = {"Basa Anong"}, ["nuo"] = {"Basa Nguôn"}, ["nup"] = {"Basa Nupe-Nupe-Tako"}, ["nuq"] = {"Basa Nukumanu"}, ["nur"] = {"Basa Nukuria"}, ["nus"] = {"Basa Nuer"}, ["nut"] = {"Basa Nung (Viet Nam)"}, ["nuu"] = {"Basa Ngbundu"}, ["nuv"] = {"Basa Northern Nuni"}, ["nuw"] = {"Basa Nguluwan"}, ["nux"] = {"Basa Mehek"}, ["nuy"] = {"Basa Nunggubuyu"}, ["nuz"] = {"Basa Tlamacazapa Nahuatl"}, ["nvh"] = {"Basa Nasarian"}, ["nvm"] = {"Basa Namiae"}, ["nvo"] = {"Basa Nyokon"}, ["nwa"] = {"Basa Nawathinehena"}, ["nwb"] = {"Basa Nyabwa"}, ["nwc"] = {"Basa Classical Newari", "Classical Nepal Bhasa", "Old Newari"}, ["nwe"] = {"Basa Ngwe"}, ["nwg"] = {"Basa Ngayawung"}, ["nwi"] = {"Basa Southwest Tanna"}, ["nwm"] = {"Basa Nyamusa-Molo"}, ["nwo"] = {"Basa Nauo"}, ["nwr"] = {"Basa Nawaru"}, ["nww"] = {"Basa Ndwewe"}, ["nwx"] = {"Basa Middle Newar"}, ["nwy"] = {"Basa Nottoway-Meherrin"}, ["nxa"] = {"Basa Nauete"}, ["nxd"] = {"Basa Ngando (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["nxe"] = {"Basa Nage"}, ["nxg"] = {"Basa Ngad'a"}, ["nxi"] = {"Basa Nindi"}, ["nxk"] = {"Basa Koki Naga"}, ["nxl"] = {"Basa South Nuaulu"}, ["nxm"] = {"Basa Numidian"}, ["nxn"] = {"Basa Ngawun"}, ["nxo"] = {"Basa Ndambomo"}, ["nxq"] = {"Basa Naxi"}, ["nxr"] = {"Basa Ninggerum"}, ["nxx"] = {"Basa Nafri"}, ["nyb"] = {"Basa Nyangbo"}, ["nyc"] = {"Basa Nyanga-li"}, ["nyd"] = {"Basa Nyore", "Olunyole"}, ["nye"] = {"Basa Nyengo"}, ["nyf"] = {"Basa Giryama", "Kigiryama"}, ["nyg"] = {"Basa Nyindu"}, ["nyh"] = {"Basa Nyikina"}, ["nyi"] = {"Basa Ama (Sudan)"}, ["nyj"] = {"Basa Nyanga"}, ["nyk"] = {"Basa Nyaneka"}, ["nyl"] = {"Basa Nyeu"}, ["nym"] = {"Basa Nyamwezi"}, ["nyn"] = {"Basa Nyankole"}, ["nyo"] = {"Basa Nyoro"}, ["nyp"] = {"Basa Nyang'i"}, ["nyq"] = {"Basa Nayini"}, ["nyr"] = {"Basa Nyiha (Malawi)"}, ["nys"] = {"Basa Nyungar"}, ["nyt"] = {"Basa Nyawaygi"}, ["nyu"] = {"Basa Nyungwe"}, ["nyv"] = {"Basa Nyulnyul"}, ["nyw"] = {"Basa Nyaw"}, ["nyx"] = {"Basa Nganyaywana"}, ["nyy"] = {"Basa Nyakyusa-Ngonde"}, ["nza"] = {"Basa Tigon Mbembe"}, ["nzb"] = {"Basa Njebi"}, ["nzd"] = {"Basa Nzadi"}, ["nzi"] = {"Basa Nzima"}, ["nzk"] = {"Basa Nzakara"}, ["nzm"] = {"Basa Zeme Naga"}, ["nzr"] = {"Basa Dir-Nyamzak-Mbarimi"}, ["nzs"] = {"Basa Isarat Selandia Anyar"}, ["nzu"] = {"Basa Teke-Nzikou"}, ["nzy"] = {"Basa Nzakambay"}, ["nzz"] = {"Basa Nanga Dama Dogon"}, ["oaa"] = {"Basa Orok"}, ["oac"] = {"Basa Oroch"}, ["oak"] = {"Basa Noakhali", "Noakhailla"}, ["oar"] = {"Basa Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)", "Ancient Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)"}, ["oav"] = {"Basa Old Avar"}, ["obi"] = {"Basa Obispeño"}, ["obk"] = {"Basa Southern Bontok"}, ["obl"] = {"Basa Oblo"}, ["obm"] = {"Basa Moabite"}, ["obo"] = {"Basa Obo Manobo"}, ["obr"] = {"Basa Old Burmese"}, ["obt"] = {"Basa Old Breton"}, ["obu"] = {"Basa Obulom"}, ["oca"] = {"Basa Ocaina"}, ["och"] = {"Basa Old Chinese"}, ["ocm"] = {"Basa Old Cham"}, ["oco"] = {"Basa Old Cornish"}, ["ocu"] = {"Basa Atzingo Matlatzinca"}, ["oda"] = {"Basa Odut"}, ["odk"] = {"Basa Od"}, ["odt"] = {"Basa Old Dutch"}, ["odu"] = {"Basa Odual"}, ["ofo"] = {"Basa Ofo"}, ["ofs"] = {"Basa Old Frisian"}, ["ofu"] = {"Basa Efutop"}, ["ogb"] = {"Basa Ogbia"}, ["ogc"] = {"Basa Ogbah"}, ["oge"] = {"Basa Old Georgian"}, ["ogg"] = {"Basa Ogbogolo"}, ["ogo"] = {"Basa Khana"}, ["ogu"] = {"Basa Ogbronuagum"}, ["oht"] = {"Basa Old Hittite"}, ["ohu"] = {"Basa Old Hungarian"}, ["oia"] = {"Basa Oirata"}, ["oie"] = {"Basa Okolie"}, ["oin"] = {"Basa Inebu One"}, ["ojb"] = {"Basa Northwestern Ojibwa"}, ["ojc"] = {"Basa Central Ojibwa"}, ["ojg"] = {"Basa Eastern Ojibwa"}, ["ojp"] = {"Basa Old Japanese"}, ["ojs"] = {"Basa Severn Ojibwa"}, ["ojv"] = {"Basa Ontong Java"}, ["ojw"] = {"Basa Western Ojibwa"}, ["oka"] = {"Basa Okanagan"}, ["okb"] = {"Basa Okobo"}, ["okc"] = {"Basa Kobo"}, ["okd"] = {"Basa Okodia"}, ["oke"] = {"Basa Okpe (Southwestern Edo)"}, ["okg"] = {"Basa Koko Babangk"}, ["okh"] = {"Basa Koresh-e Rostam"}, ["oki"] = {"Basa Okiek"}, ["okj"] = {"Basa Oko-Juwoi"}, ["okk"] = {"Basa Kwamtim One"}, ["okl"] = {"Basa Isarat Kentish Kuna"}, ["okm"] = {"Basa Koréa Tengah (10th-16th cent.)"}, ["okn"] = {"Basa Oki-No-Erabu"}, ["oko"] = {"Basa Old Korean (3rd-9th cent.)"}, ["okr"] = {"Basa Kirike"}, ["oks"] = {"Basa Oko-Eni-Osayen"}, ["oku"] = {"Basa Oku"}, ["okv"] = {"Basa Orokaiva"}, ["okx"] = {"Basa Okpe (Northwestern Edo)"}, ["okz"] = {"Basa Old Khmer"}, ["ola"] = {"Basa Walungge"}, ["olb"] = {"Basa Oli-Bodiman"}, ["old"] = {"Basa Mochi"}, ["ole"] = {"Basa Olekha"}, ["olk"] = {"Basa Olkol"}, ["olm"] = {"Basa Oloma"}, ["olo"] = {"Basa Livvi"}, ["olr"] = {"Basa Olrat"}, ["olt"] = {"Basa Old Lithuanian"}, ["olu"] = {"Basa Kuvale"}, ["oma"] = {"Basa Omaha-Ponca"}, ["omb"] = {"Basa East Ambae"}, ["omc"] = {"Basa Mochica"}, ["omg"] = {"Basa Omagua"}, ["omi"] = {"Basa Omi"}, ["omk"] = {"Basa Omok"}, ["oml"] = {"Basa Ombo"}, ["omn"] = {"Basa Minoan"}, ["omo"] = {"Basa Utarmbung"}, ["omp"] = {"Basa Old Manipuri"}, ["omq"] = {"Rungkun basa Oto-Manguea"}, ["omr"] = {"Basa Old Marathi"}, ["omt"] = {"Basa Omotik"}, ["omu"] = {"Basa Omurano"}, ["omv"] = {"Basa Omotic"}, ["omw"] = {"Basa South Tairora"}, ["omx"] = {"Basa Old Mon"}, ["omy"] = {"Basa Old Malay"}, ["ona"] = {"Basa Ona"}, ["onb"] = {"Basa Lingao"}, ["one"] = {"Basa Oneida"}, ["ong"] = {"Basa Olo"}, ["oni"] = {"Basa Onin"}, ["onj"] = {"Basa Onjob"}, ["onk"] = {"Basa Kabore One"}, ["onn"] = {"Basa Onobasulu"}, ["ono"] = {"Basa Onondaga"}, ["onp"] = {"Basa Sartang"}, ["onr"] = {"Basa Northern One"}, ["ons"] = {"Basa Ono"}, ["ont"] = {"Basa Ontenu"}, ["onu"] = {"Basa Unua"}, ["onw"] = {"Basa Old Nubian"}, ["onx"] = {"Basa Onin Based Pidgin"}, ["ood"] = {"Basa Tohono O'odham"}, ["oog"] = {"Basa Ong"}, ["oon"] = {"Basa Önge"}, ["oor"] = {"Basa Oorlams"}, ["oos"] = {"Basa Old Ossetic"}, ["opa"] = {"Basa Okpamheri"}, ["opk"] = {"Basa Kopkaka"}, ["opm"] = {"Basa Oksapmin"}, ["opo"] = {"Basa Opao"}, ["opt"] = {"Basa Opata"}, ["opy"] = {"Basa Ofayé"}, ["ora"] = {"Basa Oroha"}, ["orc"] = {"Basa Orma"}, ["ore"] = {"Basa Orejón"}, ["org"] = {"Basa Oring"}, ["orh"] = {"Basa Oroqen"}, ["orn"] = {"Basa Orang Kanaq"}, ["oro"] = {"Basa Orokolo"}, ["orr"] = {"Basa Oruma"}, ["ors"] = {"Basa Orang Seletar"}, ["ort"] = {"Basa Adivasi Oriya"}, ["oru"] = {"Basa Ormuri"}, ["orv"] = {"Basa Old Russian"}, ["orw"] = {"Basa Oro Win"}, ["orx"] = {"Basa Oro"}, ["ory"] = {"Basa Odia (individual language)", "Oriya (individual language)"}, ["orz"] = {"Basa Ormu"}, ["osa"] = {"Basa Osage"}, ["osc"] = {"Basa Oscan"}, ["osd"] = {"Basa Digor Ossetic", "Digor", "Digor Ossetian"}, ["osi"] = {"Basa Osing"}, ["osn"] = {"Basa Old Sundanese"}, ["oso"] = {"Basa Ososo"}, ["osp"] = {"Basa Old Spanish"}, ["ost"] = {"Basa Osatu"}, ["osu"] = {"Basa Southern One"}, ["osx"] = {"Basa Old Saxon"}, ["ota"] = {"Basa Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)"}, ["otb"] = {"Basa Old Tibetan"}, ["otd"] = {"Basa Ot Danum"}, ["ote"] = {"Basa Mezquital Otomi"}, ["oti"] = {"Basa Oti"}, ["otk"] = {"Basa Old Turkish"}, ["otl"] = {"Basa Tilapa Otomi"}, ["otm"] = {"Basa Eastern Highland Otomi"}, ["otn"] = {"Basa Tenango Otomi"}, ["oto"] = {"Basa Otomian"}, ["otq"] = {"Basa Querétaro Otomi"}, ["otr"] = {"Basa Otoro"}, ["ots"] = {"Basa Estado de México Otomi"}, ["ott"] = {"Basa Temoaya Otomi"}, ["otu"] = {"Basa Otuke"}, ["otw"] = {"Basa Ottawa"}, ["otx"] = {"Basa Texcatepec Otomi"}, ["oty"] = {"Basa Old Tamil"}, ["otz"] = {"Basa Ixtenco Otomi"}, ["oua"] = {"Basa Tagargrent"}, ["oub"] = {"Basa Glio-Oubi"}, ["oue"] = {"Basa Oune"}, ["oui"] = {"Basa Old Uighur"}, ["oum"] = {"Basa Ouma"}, ["ovd"] = {"Basa Elfdalian", "Övdalian"}, ["owi"] = {"Basa Owiniga"}, ["owl"] = {"Basa Old Welsh"}, ["oyb"] = {"Basa Oy"}, ["oyd"] = {"Basa Oyda"}, ["oym"] = {"Basa Wayampi"}, ["oyy"] = {"Basa Oya'oya"}, ["ozm"] = {"Basa Koonzime"}, ["paa"] = {"Rungkun basa Papua"}, ["pab"] = {"Basa Parecís"}, ["pac"] = {"Basa Pacoh"}, ["pad"] = {"Basa Paumarí"}, ["pae"] = {"Basa Pagibete"}, ["paf"] = {"Basa Paranawát"}, ["pag"] = {"Basa Pangasinan"}, ["pah"] = {"Basa Tenharim"}, ["pai"] = {"Basa Pe"}, ["pak"] = {"Basa Parakanã"}, ["pal"] = {"Basa Pahlavi"}, ["pam"] = {"Basa Pampanga", "Kapampangan"}, ["pao"] = {"Basa Northern Paiute"}, ["pap"] = {"Basa Papiamento"}, ["paq"] = {"Basa Parya"}, ["par"] = {"Basa Panamint", "Timbisha"}, ["pas"] = {"Basa Papasena"}, ["pau"] = {"Basa Palauan"}, ["pav"] = {"Basa Pakaásnovos"}, ["paw"] = {"Basa Pawnee"}, ["pax"] = {"Basa Pankararé"}, ["pay"] = {"Basa Pech"}, ["paz"] = {"Basa Pankararú"}, ["pbb"] = {"Basa Páez"}, ["pbc"] = {"Basa Patamona"}, ["pbe"] = {"Basa Mezontla Popoloca"}, ["pbf"] = {"Basa Coyotepec Popoloca"}, ["pbg"] = {"Basa Paraujano"}, ["pbh"] = {"Basa E'ñapa Woromaipu"}, ["pbi"] = {"Basa Parkwa"}, ["pbl"] = {"Basa Mak (Nigéria)"}, ["pbm"] = {"Basa Puebla Mazatec"}, ["pbn"] = {"Basa Kpasam"}, ["pbo"] = {"Basa Papel"}, ["pbp"] = {"Basa Badyara"}, ["pbr"] = {"Basa Pangwa"}, ["pbs"] = {"Basa Central Pame"}, ["pbt"] = {"Basa Southern Pashto"}, ["pbu"] = {"Basa Northern Pashto"}, ["pbv"] = {"Basa Pnar"}, ["pby"] = {"Basa Pyu (Papua Nugini)"}, ["pca"] = {"Basa Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca"}, ["pcb"] = {"Basa Pear"}, ["pcc"] = {"Basa Bouyei"}, ["pcd"] = {"Basa Picard"}, ["pce"] = {"Basa Ruching Palaung"}, ["pcf"] = {"Basa Paliyan"}, ["pcg"] = {"Basa Paniya"}, ["pch"] = {"Basa Pardhan"}, ["pci"] = {"Basa Duruwa"}, ["pcj"] = {"Basa Parenga"}, ["pck"] = {"Basa Paite Chin"}, ["pcl"] = {"Basa Pardhi"}, ["pcm"] = {"Basa Nigerian Pidgin"}, ["pcn"] = {"Basa Piti"}, ["pcp"] = {"Basa Pacahuara"}, ["pcw"] = {"Basa Pyapun"}, ["pda"] = {"Basa Anam"}, ["pdc"] = {"Basa Pennsylvania German"}, ["pdi"] = {"Basa Pa Di"}, ["pdn"] = {"Basa Podena", "Fedan"}, ["pdo"] = {"Basa Padoe"}, ["pdt"] = {"Basa Plautdietsch"}, ["pdu"] = {"Basa Kayan"}, ["pea"] = {"Basa Peranakan Indonésia"}, ["peb"] = {"Basa Eastern Pomo"}, ["ped"] = {"Basa Mala (Papua Nugini)"}, ["pee"] = {"Basa Taje"}, ["pef"] = {"Basa Northeastern Pomo"}, ["peg"] = {"Basa Pengo"}, ["peh"] = {"Basa Bonan"}, ["pei"] = {"Basa Chichimeca-Jonaz"}, ["pej"] = {"Basa Northern Pomo"}, ["pek"] = {"Basa Penchal"}, ["pel"] = {"Basa Pekal"}, ["pem"] = {"Basa Phende"}, ["peo"] = {"Basa Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)"}, ["pep"] = {"Basa Kunja"}, ["peq"] = {"Basa Southern Pomo"}, ["pes"] = {"Basa Iranian Persian"}, ["pev"] = {"Basa Pémono"}, ["pex"] = {"Basa Petats"}, ["pey"] = {"Basa Petjo"}, ["pez"] = {"Basa Eastern Penan"}, ["pfa"] = {"Basa Pááfang"}, ["pfe"] = {"Basa Pere"}, ["pfl"] = {"Basa Pfaelzisch"}, ["pga"] = {"Basa Arab Kréol Sudan"}, ["pgd"] = {"Basa Gāndhārī"}, ["pgg"] = {"Basa Pangwali"}, ["pgi"] = {"Basa Pagi"}, ["pgk"] = {"Basa Rerep"}, ["pgl"] = {"Basa Primitive Irish"}, ["pgn"] = {"Basa Paelignian"}, ["pgs"] = {"Basa Pangseng"}, ["pgu"] = {"Basa Pagu"}, ["pgz"] = {"Basa Isarat Papua Nugini"}, ["pha"] = {"Basa Pa-Hng"}, ["phd"] = {"Basa Phudagi"}, ["phg"] = {"Basa Phuong"}, ["phh"] = {"Basa Phukha"}, ["phi"] = {"Rungkun basa Pilipina"}, ["phj"] = {"Basa Pahari"}, ["phk"] = {"Basa Phake"}, ["phl"] = {"Basa Phalura", "Basa Palula"}, ["phm"] = {"Basa Phimbi"}, ["phn"] = {"Basa Phoenician"}, ["pho"] = {"Basa Phunoi"}, ["phq"] = {"Basa Phana'"}, ["phr"] = {"Basa Pahari-Potwari"}, ["pht"] = {"Basa Phu Thai"}, ["phu"] = {"Basa Phuan"}, ["phv"] = {"Basa Pahlavani"}, ["phw"] = {"Basa Phangduwali"}, ["pia"] = {"Basa Pima Bajo"}, ["pib"] = {"Basa Yine"}, ["pic"] = {"Basa Pinji"}, ["pid"] = {"Basa Piaroa"}, ["pie"] = {"Basa Piro"}, ["pif"] = {"Basa Pingelap"}, ["pig"] = {"Basa Pisabo"}, ["pih"] = {"Basa Pitcairn-Norfolk"}, ["pij"] = {"Basa Pijao"}, ["pil"] = {"Basa Yom"}, ["pim"] = {"Basa Powhatan"}, ["pin"] = {"Basa Piame"}, ["pio"] = {"Basa Piapoco"}, ["pip"] = {"Basa Pero"}, ["pir"] = {"Basa Piratapuyo"}, ["pis"] = {"Basa Pijin"}, ["pit"] = {"Basa Pitta Pitta"}, ["piu"] = {"Basa Pintupi-Luritja"}, ["piv"] = {"Basa Pileni", "Basa Vaeakau-Taumako"}, ["piw"] = {"Basa Pimbwe"}, ["pix"] = {"Basa Piu"}, ["piy"] = {"Basa Piya-Kwonci"}, ["piz"] = {"Basa Pije"}, ["pjt"] = {"Basa Pitjantjatjara"}, ["pka"] = {"Basa Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit"}, ["pkb"] = {"Basa Pokomo", "Kipfokomo"}, ["pkc"] = {"Basa Paekche"}, ["pkg"] = {"Basa Pak-Tong"}, ["pkh"] = {"Basa Pankhu"}, ["pkn"] = {"Basa Pakanha"}, ["pko"] = {"Basa Pökoot"}, ["pkp"] = {"Basa Pukapuka"}, ["pkr"] = {"Basa Attapady Kurumba"}, ["pks"] = {"Basa Isarat Pakistan"}, ["pkt"] = {"Basa Maleng"}, ["pku"] = {"Basa Paku"}, ["pla"] = {"Basa Miani"}, ["plb"] = {"Basa Polonombauk"}, ["plc"] = {"Basa Central Palawano"}, ["pld"] = {"Basa Polari"}, ["ple"] = {"Basa Palu'e"}, ["plf"] = {"Rungkun basa Malayu-Polinésia Tengah"}, ["plg"] = {"Basa Pilagá"}, ["plh"] = {"Basa Paulohi"}, ["plk"] = {"Basa Kohistani Shina"}, ["pll"] = {"Basa Shwe Palaung"}, ["pln"] = {"Basa Palenquero"}, ["plo"] = {"Basa Oluta Popoluca"}, ["plq"] = {"Basa Palaic"}, ["plr"] = {"Basa Palaka Senoufo"}, ["pls"] = {"Basa San Marcos Tlacoyalco Popoloca", "San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca"}, ["plt"] = {"Basa Plateau Malagasy"}, ["plu"] = {"Basa Palikúr"}, ["plv"] = {"Basa Southwest Palawano"}, ["plw"] = {"Basa Brooke's Point Palawano"}, ["ply"] = {"Basa Bolyu"}, ["plz"] = {"Basa Paluan"}, ["pma"] = {"Basa Paama"}, ["pmb"] = {"Basa Pambia"}, ["pmd"] = {"Basa Pallanganmiddang"}, ["pme"] = {"Basa Pwaamei"}, ["pmf"] = {"Basa Pamona"}, ["pmh"] = {"Basa Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit"}, ["pmi"] = {"Basa Northern Pumi"}, ["pmj"] = {"Basa Southern Pumi"}, ["pml"] = {"Basa Lingua Franca"}, ["pmm"] = {"Basa Pomo"}, ["pmn"] = {"Basa Pam"}, ["pmo"] = {"Basa Pom"}, ["pmq"] = {"Basa Northern Pame"}, ["pmr"] = {"Basa Paynamar"}, ["pms"] = {"Basa Piemontese"}, ["pmt"] = {"Basa Tuamotuan"}, ["pmw"] = {"Basa Plains Miwok"}, ["pmx"] = {"Basa Poumei Naga"}, ["pmy"] = {"Basa Malayu Papua"}, ["pmz"] = {"Basa Southern Pame"}, ["pna"] = {"Basa Punan Bah-Biau"}, ["pnb"] = {"Basa Western Panjabi"}, ["pnc"] = {"Basa Pannei"}, ["pnd"] = {"Basa Mpinda"}, ["pne"] = {"Basa Western Penan"}, ["png"] = {"Basa Pangu", "Pongu"}, ["pnh"] = {"Basa Penrhyn"}, ["pni"] = {"Basa Aoheng"}, ["pnj"] = {"Basa Pinjarup"}, ["pnk"] = {"Basa Paunaka"}, ["pnl"] = {"Basa Paleni"}, ["pnm"] = {"Basa Punan Batu 1"}, ["pnn"] = {"Basa Pinai-Hagahai"}, ["pno"] = {"Basa Panobo"}, ["pnp"] = {"Basa Pancana"}, ["pnq"] = {"Basa Pana (Burkina Faso)"}, ["pnr"] = {"Basa Panim"}, ["pns"] = {"Basa Ponosakan"}, ["pnt"] = {"Basa Pontic"}, ["pnu"] = {"Basa Jiongnai Bunu"}, ["pnv"] = {"Basa Pinigura"}, ["pnw"] = {"Basa Banyjima", "Panytyima"}, ["pnx"] = {"Basa Phong-Kniang"}, ["pny"] = {"Basa Pinyin"}, ["pnz"] = {"Basa Pana (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["poc"] = {"Basa Poqomam"}, ["poe"] = {"Basa San Juan Atzingo Popoloca"}, ["pof"] = {"Basa Poke"}, ["pog"] = {"Basa Potiguára"}, ["poh"] = {"Basa Poqomchi'"}, ["poi"] = {"Basa Highland Popoluca"}, ["pok"] = {"Basa Pokangá"}, ["pom"] = {"Basa Southeastern Pomo"}, ["pon"] = {"Basa Pohnpeian"}, ["poo"] = {"Basa Central Pomo"}, ["pop"] = {"Basa Pwapwâ"}, ["poq"] = {"Basa Texistepec Popoluca"}, ["pos"] = {"Basa Sayula Popoluca"}, ["pot"] = {"Basa Potawatomi"}, ["pov"] = {"Basa Upper Guinea Crioulo"}, ["pow"] = {"Basa San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca"}, ["pox"] = {"Basa Polabian"}, ["poy"] = {"Basa Pogolo"}, ["poz"] = {"Rungkun basa Malayu-Polinésia"}, ["ppe"] = {"Basa Papi"}, ["ppi"] = {"Basa Paipai"}, ["ppk"] = {"Basa Uma"}, ["ppl"] = {"Basa Pipil", "Basa Nicarao"}, ["ppm"] = {"Basa Papuma"}, ["ppn"] = {"Basa Papapana"}, ["ppo"] = {"Basa Folopa"}, ["ppp"] = {"Basa Pelende"}, ["ppq"] = {"Basa Pei"}, ["pps"] = {"Basa San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca"}, ["ppt"] = {"Basa Pare"}, ["ppu"] = {"Basa Papora"}, ["pqa"] = {"Basa Pa'a"}, ["pqe"] = {"Rungkun basa Malayu-Polinésia Wétan"}, ["pqm"] = {"Basa Malecite-Passamaquoddy"}, ["pqw"] = {"Rungkun basa Malayu-Polinésia Kulon"}, ["pra"] = {"Basa Prakerta"}, ["prc"] = {"Basa Parachi"}, ["prd"] = {"Basa Parsi-Dari"}, ["pre"] = {"Basa Principense"}, ["prf"] = {"Basa Paranan"}, ["prg"] = {"Basa Prussian"}, ["prh"] = {"Basa Porohanon"}, ["pri"] = {"Basa Paicî"}, ["prk"] = {"Basa Parauk"}, ["prl"] = {"Basa Isarat Péru"}, ["prm"] = {"Basa Kibiri"}, ["prn"] = {"Basa Prasuni"}, ["pro"] = {"Basa Old Provençal (to 1500)", "Old Occitan (to 1500)"}, ["prq"] = {"Basa Ashéninka Perené"}, ["prr"] = {"Basa Puri"}, ["prs"] = {"Basa Dari", "Basa Pérsia Apganistan"}, ["prt"] = {"Basa Phai"}, ["pru"] = {"Basa Puragi"}, ["prw"] = {"Basa Parawen"}, ["prx"] = {"Basa Purik"}, ["prz"] = {"Basa Isarat Providensia"}, ["psa"] = {"Basa Asue Awyu"}, ["psc"] = {"Basa Isarat Irani", "Basa Isarat Pérsia"}, ["psd"] = {"Basa Isarat India Dataran"}, ["pse"] = {"Basa Central Malay"}, ["psg"] = {"Basa Isarat Penang"}, ["psh"] = {"Basa Southwest Pashai", "Southwest Pashayi"}, ["psi"] = {"Basa Southeast Pashai", "Southeast Pashayi"}, ["psl"] = {"Basa Isarat Puérto Riko"}, ["psm"] = {"Basa Pauserna"}, ["psn"] = {"Basa Panasuan"}, ["pso"] = {"Basa Isarat Polandia"}, ["psp"] = {"Basa Isarat Pilipina"}, ["psq"] = {"Basa Pasi"}, ["psr"] = {"Basa Isarat Portugis"}, ["pss"] = {"Basa Kaulong"}, ["pst"] = {"Basa Pashto Tengah"}, ["psu"] = {"Basa Sauraseni Prākrit"}, ["psw"] = {"Basa Port Sandwich"}, ["psy"] = {"Basa Piscataway"}, ["pta"] = {"Basa Pai Tavytera"}, ["pth"] = {"Basa Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe"}, ["pti"] = {"Basa Pindiini", "Wangkatha"}, ["ptn"] = {"Basa Patani"}, ["pto"] = {"Basa Zo'é"}, ["ptp"] = {"Basa Patep"}, ["ptq"] = {"Basa Pattapu"}, ["ptr"] = {"Basa Piamatsina"}, ["ptt"] = {"Basa Enrekang"}, ["ptu"] = {"Basa Bambam"}, ["ptv"] = {"Basa Port Vato"}, ["ptw"] = {"Basa Pentlatch"}, ["pty"] = {"Basa Pathiya"}, ["pua"] = {"Basa Western Highland Purepecha"}, ["pub"] = {"Basa Purum"}, ["puc"] = {"Basa Punan Merap"}, ["pud"] = {"Basa Punan Aput"}, ["pue"] = {"Basa Puelche"}, ["puf"] = {"Basa Punan Merah"}, ["pug"] = {"Basa Phuie"}, ["pui"] = {"Basa Puinave"}, ["puj"] = {"Basa Punan Tubu"}, ["pum"] = {"Basa Puma"}, ["puo"] = {"Basa Puoc"}, ["pup"] = {"Basa Pulabu"}, ["puq"] = {"Basa Puquina"}, ["pur"] = {"Basa Puruborá"}, ["put"] = {"Basa Putoh"}, ["puu"] = {"Basa Punu"}, ["puw"] = {"Basa Puluwatese"}, ["pux"] = {"Basa Puare"}, ["puy"] = {"Basa Purisimeño"}, ["pwa"] = {"Basa Pawaia"}, ["pwb"] = {"Basa Panawa"}, ["pwg"] = {"Basa Gapapaiwa"}, ["pwi"] = {"Basa Patwin"}, ["pwm"] = {"Basa Molbog"}, ["pwn"] = {"Basa Paiwan"}, ["pwo"] = {"Basa Pwo Western Karen"}, ["pwr"] = {"Basa Powari"}, ["pww"] = {"Basa Pwo Northern Karen"}, ["pxm"] = {"Basa Quetzaltepec Mixe"}, ["pye"] = {"Basa Pye Krumen"}, ["pym"] = {"Basa Fyam"}, ["pyn"] = {"Basa Poyanáwa"}, ["pys"] = {"Basa Isarat Paraguay", "Lengua de Señas del Paraguay"}, ["pyu"] = {"Basa Puyuma"}, ["pyx"] = {"Basa Pyu (Myanmar)"}, ["pyy"] = {"Basa Pyen"}, ["pze"] = {"Basa Pesse"}, ["pzh"] = {"Basa Pazeh"}, ["pzn"] = {"Basa Jejara Naga", "Para Naga"}, ["qua"] = {"Basa Quapaw"}, ["qub"] = {"Basa Huallaga Huánuco Quechua"}, ["quc"] = {"Basa K'iche'", "Quiché"}, ["qud"] = {"Basa Calderón Highland Quichua"}, ["quf"] = {"Basa Lambayeque Quechua"}, ["qug"] = {"Basa Chimborazo Highland Quichua"}, ["quh"] = {"Basa South Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qui"] = {"Basa Quileute"}, ["quk"] = {"Basa Chachapoyas Quechua"}, ["qul"] = {"Basa North Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qum"] = {"Basa Sipacapense"}, ["qun"] = {"Basa Quinault"}, ["qup"] = {"Basa Southern Pastaza Quechua"}, ["quq"] = {"Basa Quinqui"}, ["qur"] = {"Basa Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua"}, ["qus"] = {"Basa Santiago del Estero Quichua"}, ["quv"] = {"Basa Sacapulteco"}, ["quw"] = {"Basa Tena Lowland Quichua"}, ["qux"] = {"Basa Yauyos Quechua"}, ["quy"] = {"Basa Ayacucho Quechua"}, ["quz"] = {"Basa Cusco Quechua"}, ["qva"] = {"Basa Ambo-Pasco Quechua"}, ["qvc"] = {"Basa Cajamarca Quechua"}, ["qve"] = {"Basa Eastern Apurímac Quechua"}, ["qvh"] = {"Basa Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qvi"] = {"Basa Imbabura Highland Quichua"}, ["qvj"] = {"Basa Loja Highland Quichua"}, ["qvl"] = {"Basa Cajatambo North Lima Quechua"}, ["qvm"] = {"Basa Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua"}, ["qvn"] = {"Basa North Junín Quechua"}, ["qvo"] = {"Basa Napo Lowland Quechua"}, ["qvp"] = {"Basa Pacaraos Quechua"}, ["qvs"] = {"Basa San Martín Quechua"}, ["qvw"] = {"Basa Huaylla Wanca Quechua"}, ["qvy"] = {"Basa Queyu"}, ["qvz"] = {"Basa Northern Pastaza Quichua"}, ["qwa"] = {"Basa Corongo Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwc"] = {"Basa Classical Quechua"}, ["qwe"] = {"Basa Quechuan (kulawarga)"}, ["qwh"] = {"Basa Huaylas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwm"] = {"Basa Kuman (Rusia)"}, ["qws"] = {"Basa Sihuas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwt"] = {"Basa Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai"}, ["qxa"] = {"Basa Chiquián Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxc"] = {"Basa Chincha Quechua"}, ["qxh"] = {"Basa Panao Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qxl"] = {"Basa Salasaca Highland Quichua"}, ["qxn"] = {"Basa Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxo"] = {"Basa Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxp"] = {"Basa Puno Quechua"}, ["qxq"] = {"Basa Qashqa'i"}, ["qxr"] = {"Basa Cañar Highland Quichua"}, ["qxs"] = {"Basa Southern Qiang"}, ["qxt"] = {"Basa Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua"}, ["qxu"] = {"Basa Arequipa-La Unión Quechua"}, ["qxw"] = {"Basa Jauja Wanca Quechua"}, ["qya"] = {"Basa Quenya"}, ["qyp"] = {"Basa Quiripi"}, ["raa"] = {"Basa Dungmali"}, ["rab"] = {"Basa Camling"}, ["rac"] = {"Basa Rasawa"}, ["rad"] = {"Basa Rade"}, ["raf"] = {"Basa Western Meohang"}, ["rag"] = {"Basa Logooli", "Lulogooli"}, ["rah"] = {"Basa Rabha"}, ["rai"] = {"Basa Ramoaaina"}, ["raj"] = {"Basa Rajasthani"}, ["rak"] = {"Basa Tulu-Bohuai"}, ["ral"] = {"Basa Ralte"}, ["ram"] = {"Basa Canela"}, ["ran"] = {"Basa Riantana"}, ["rao"] = {"Basa Rao"}, ["rap"] = {"Basa Rapanui"}, ["raq"] = {"Basa Saam"}, ["rar"] = {"Basa Rarotongan", "Cook Islands Maori"}, ["ras"] = {"Basa Tegali"}, ["rat"] = {"Basa Razajerdi"}, ["rau"] = {"Basa Raute"}, ["rav"] = {"Basa Sampang"}, ["raw"] = {"Basa Rawang"}, ["rax"] = {"Basa Rang"}, ["ray"] = {"Basa Rapa"}, ["raz"] = {"Basa Rahambuu"}, ["rbb"] = {"Basa Rumai Palaung"}, ["rbk"] = {"Basa Northern Bontok"}, ["rbl"] = {"Basa Miraya Bikol"}, ["rbp"] = {"Basa Barababaraba"}, ["rcf"] = {"Basa Réunion Creole French"}, ["rdb"] = {"Basa Rudbari"}, ["rea"] = {"Basa Rerau"}, ["reb"] = {"Basa Rembong"}, ["ree"] = {"Basa Rejang Kayan"}, ["reg"] = {"Basa Kara (Tanzania)"}, ["rei"] = {"Basa Reli"}, ["rej"] = {"Basa Rejang"}, ["rel"] = {"Basa Rendille"}, ["rem"] = {"Basa Remo"}, ["ren"] = {"Basa Rengao"}, ["rer"] = {"Basa Rer Bare"}, ["res"] = {"Basa Reshe"}, ["ret"] = {"Basa Retta"}, ["rey"] = {"Basa Reyesano"}, ["rga"] = {"Basa Roria"}, ["rge"] = {"Basa Romano-Greek"}, ["rgk"] = {"Basa Rangkas"}, ["rgn"] = {"Basa Romagnol"}, ["rgr"] = {"Basa Resígaro"}, ["rgs"] = {"Basa Southern Roglai"}, ["rgu"] = {"Basa Ringgou"}, ["rhg"] = {"Basa Rohingya"}, ["rhp"] = {"Basa Yahang"}, ["ria"] = {"Basa Riang (India)"}, ["rib"] = {"Basa Isarat Bribri"}, ["rif"] = {"Basa Tarifit"}, ["ril"] = {"Basa Riang Lang", "Riang (Myanmar)"}, ["rim"] = {"Basa Nyaturu"}, ["rin"] = {"Basa Nungu"}, ["rir"] = {"Basa Ribun"}, ["rit"] = {"Basa Ritharrngu"}, ["riu"] = {"Basa Riung"}, ["rjg"] = {"Basa Rajong"}, ["rji"] = {"Basa Raji"}, ["rjs"] = {"Basa Rajbanshi"}, ["rka"] = {"Basa Kraol"}, ["rkb"] = {"Basa Rikbaktsa"}, ["rkh"] = {"Basa Rakahanga-Manihiki"}, ["rki"] = {"Basa Rakhine"}, ["rkm"] = {"Basa Marka"}, ["rkt"] = {"Basa Rangpuri", "Kamta"}, ["rkw"] = {"Basa Arakwal"}, ["rma"] = {"Basa Rama"}, ["rmb"] = {"Basa Rembarrnga"}, ["rmc"] = {"Basa Carpathian Romani"}, ["rmd"] = {"Basa Traveller Danish"}, ["rme"] = {"Basa Angloromani"}, ["rmf"] = {"Basa Kalo Finnish Romani"}, ["rmg"] = {"Basa Traveller Norwegian"}, ["rmh"] = {"Basa Murkim"}, ["rmi"] = {"Basa Lomavren"}, ["rmk"] = {"Basa Romkun"}, ["rml"] = {"Basa Baltic Romani"}, ["rmm"] = {"Basa Roma"}, ["rmn"] = {"Basa Balkan Romani"}, ["rmo"] = {"Basa Sinte Romani"}, ["rmp"] = {"Basa Rempi"}, ["rmq"] = {"Basa Caló"}, ["rms"] = {"Basa Isarat Romania"}, ["rmt"] = {"Basa Domari"}, ["rmu"] = {"Basa Tavringer Romani"}, ["rmv"] = {"Basa Romanova"}, ["rmw"] = {"Basa Welsh Romani"}, ["rmx"] = {"Basa Romam"}, ["rmy"] = {"Basa Vlax Romani"}, ["rmz"] = {"Basa Marma"}, ["rnb"] = {"Basa Isarat Brunca"}, ["rnd"] = {"Basa Ruund"}, ["rng"] = {"Basa Ronga"}, ["rnl"] = {"Basa Ranglong"}, ["rnn"] = {"Basa Roon"}, ["rnp"] = {"Basa Rongpo"}, ["rnr"] = {"Basa Nari Nari"}, ["rnw"] = {"Basa Rungwa"}, ["roa"] = {"Rungkun basa Roman"}, ["rob"] = {"Basa Tae'"}, ["roc"] = {"Basa Cacgia Roglai"}, ["rod"] = {"Basa Rogo"}, ["roe"] = {"Basa Ronji"}, ["rof"] = {"Basa Rombo"}, ["rog"] = {"Basa Northern Roglai"}, ["rol"] = {"Basa Romblomanon"}, ["rom"] = {"Basa Romany"}, ["roo"] = {"Basa Rotokas"}, ["rop"] = {"Basa Kriol"}, ["ror"] = {"Basa Rongga"}, ["rou"] = {"Basa Runga"}, ["row"] = {"Basa Dela-Oenale"}, ["rpn"] = {"Basa Repanbitip"}, ["rpt"] = {"Basa Rapting"}, ["rri"] = {"Basa Ririo"}, ["rrm"] = {"Basa Moriori"}, ["rro"] = {"Basa Waima"}, ["rrt"] = {"Basa Arritinngithigh"}, ["rsb"] = {"Basa Romano-Sérbia"}, ["rsk"] = {"Basa Ruthenian", "Basa Rusnak"}, ["rsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Rusia"}, ["rsm"] = {"Basa Isarat Miriwoong"}, ["rsn"] = {"Basa Isarat Rwanda"}, ["rsw"] = {"Basa Rishiwa"}, ["rtc"] = {"Basa Rungtu Chin"}, ["rth"] = {"Basa Ratahan"}, ["rtm"] = {"Basa Rotuman"}, ["rts"] = {"Basa Yurats"}, ["rtw"] = {"Basa Rathawi"}, ["rub"] = {"Basa Gungu"}, ["ruc"] = {"Basa Ruuli"}, ["rue"] = {"Basa Rusyn"}, ["ruf"] = {"Basa Luguru"}, ["rug"] = {"Basa Roviana"}, ["ruh"] = {"Basa Ruga"}, ["rui"] = {"Basa Rufiji"}, ["ruk"] = {"Basa Che"}, ["ruo"] = {"Basa Istro Romanian"}, ["rup"] = {"Basa Makédo-Romania", "Basa Aromania", "Basa Arumania"}, ["ruq"] = {"Basa Megleno Romanian"}, ["rut"] = {"Basa Rutul"}, ["ruu"] = {"Basa Lanas Lobu"}, ["ruy"] = {"Basa Mala (Nigéria)"}, ["ruz"] = {"Basa Ruma"}, ["rwa"] = {"Basa Rawo"}, ["rwk"] = {"Basa Rwa"}, ["rwl"] = {"Basa Ruwila"}, ["rwm"] = {"Basa Amba (Uganda)"}, ["rwo"] = {"Basa Rawa"}, ["rwr"] = {"Basa Marwari (India)"}, ["rxd"] = {"Basa Ngardi"}, ["rxw"] = {"Basa Karuwali", "Garuwali"}, ["ryn"] = {"Basa Northern Amami-Oshima"}, ["rys"] = {"Basa Yaeyama"}, ["ryu"] = {"Basa Central Okinawan"}, ["rzh"] = {"Basa Rāziḥī"}, ["saa"] = {"Basa Saba"}, ["sab"] = {"Basa Buglere"}, ["sac"] = {"Basa Meskwaki"}, ["sad"] = {"Basa Sandawe"}, ["sae"] = {"Basa Sabanê"}, ["saf"] = {"Basa Safaliba"}, ["sah"] = {"Basa Yakut"}, ["sai"] = {"Rungkun basa Indian Amérika Kidul"}, ["saj"] = {"Basa Sahu"}, ["sak"] = {"Basa Sake"}, ["sal"] = {"Rungkun basa Salishan"}, ["sam"] = {"Basa Samaritan Aramaic"}, ["sao"] = {"Basa Sause"}, ["saq"] = {"Basa Samburu"}, ["sar"] = {"Basa Saraveca"}, ["sas"] = {"Basa Sasak"}, ["sat"] = {"Basa Santali"}, ["sau"] = {"Basa Saleman"}, ["sav"] = {"Basa Saafi-Saafi"}, ["saw"] = {"Basa Sawi"}, ["sax"] = {"Basa Sa"}, ["say"] = {"Basa Saya"}, ["saz"] = {"Basa Saurashtra"}, ["sba"] = {"Basa Ngambay"}, ["sbb"] = {"Basa Simbo"}, ["sbc"] = {"Basa Kele (Papua Nugini)"}, ["sbd"] = {"Basa Southern Samo"}, ["sbe"] = {"Basa Saliba"}, ["sbf"] = {"Basa Chabu", "Shabo"}, ["sbg"] = {"Basa Seget"}, ["sbh"] = {"Basa Sori-Harengan"}, ["sbi"] = {"Basa Seti"}, ["sbj"] = {"Basa Surbakhal"}, ["sbk"] = {"Basa Safwa"}, ["sbl"] = {"Basa Botolan Sambal"}, ["sbm"] = {"Basa Sagala"}, ["sbn"] = {"Basa Sindhi Bhil"}, ["sbo"] = {"Basa Sabüm"}, ["sbp"] = {"Basa Sangu (Tanzania)"}, ["sbq"] = {"Basa Sileibi"}, ["sbr"] = {"Basa Sembakung Murut"}, ["sbs"] = {"Basa Subiya"}, ["sbt"] = {"Basa Kimki"}, ["sbu"] = {"Basa Stod Bhoti"}, ["sbv"] = {"Basa Sabine"}, ["sbw"] = {"Basa Simba"}, ["sbx"] = {"Basa Seberuang"}, ["sby"] = {"Basa Soli"}, ["sbz"] = {"Basa Sara Kaba"}, ["scb"] = {"Basa Chut"}, ["sce"] = {"Basa Dongxiang"}, ["scf"] = {"Basa San Miguel Creole French"}, ["scg"] = {"Basa Sanggau"}, ["sch"] = {"Basa Sakachep"}, ["sci"] = {"Basa Sri Lankan Creole Malay"}, ["sck"] = {"Basa Sadri"}, ["scl"] = {"Basa Shina"}, ["scn"] = {"Basa Sicilian"}, ["sco"] = {"Basa Scots"}, ["scp"] = {"Basa Hyolmo", "Helambu Sherpa"}, ["scq"] = {"Basa Sa'och"}, ["scs"] = {"Basa North Slavey"}, ["sct"] = {"Basa Southern Katang"}, ["scu"] = {"Basa Shumcho"}, ["scv"] = {"Basa Sheni"}, ["scw"] = {"Basa Sha"}, ["scx"] = {"Basa Sicel"}, ["scz"] = {"Basa Shaetlan"}, ["sda"] = {"Basa Toraja-Sa'dan"}, ["sdb"] = {"Basa Shabak"}, ["sdc"] = {"Basa Sassarese Sardinian"}, ["sde"] = {"Basa Surubu"}, ["sdf"] = {"Basa Sarli"}, ["sdg"] = {"Basa Savi"}, ["sdh"] = {"Basa Kurdi Kidul"}, ["sdj"] = {"Basa Suundi"}, ["sdk"] = {"Basa Sos Kundi"}, ["sdl"] = {"Basa Isarat Arab Saudi"}, ["sdn"] = {"Basa Gallurese Sardinian"}, ["sdo"] = {"Basa Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh"}, ["sdp"] = {"Basa Sherdukpen"}, ["sdq"] = {"Basa Semandang"}, ["sdr"] = {"Basa Oraon Sadri"}, ["sds"] = {"Basa Sened"}, ["sdt"] = {"Basa Shuadit"}, ["sdu"] = {"Basa Sarudu"}, ["sdv"] = {"Rungkun basa Sudan Wétan"}, ["sdx"] = {"Basa Sibu Melanau"}, ["sdz"] = {"Basa Sallands"}, ["sea"] = {"Basa Semai"}, ["seb"] = {"Basa Shempire Senoufo"}, ["sec"] = {"Basa Sechelt", "She shashishalhem"}, ["sed"] = {"Basa Sedang"}, ["see"] = {"Basa Seneca"}, ["sef"] = {"Basa Cebaara Senoufo"}, ["seg"] = {"Basa Segeju"}, ["seh"] = {"Basa Sena"}, ["sei"] = {"Basa Seri"}, ["sej"] = {"Basa Sene"}, ["sek"] = {"Basa Sekani"}, ["sel"] = {"Basa Selkup"}, ["sem"] = {"Rungkun basa Semit"}, ["sen"] = {"Basa Nanerigé Sénoufo"}, ["seo"] = {"Basa Suarmin"}, ["sep"] = {"Basa Sìcìté Sénoufo"}, ["seq"] = {"Basa Senara Sénoufo"}, ["ser"] = {"Basa Serrano"}, ["ses"] = {"Basa Koyraboro Senni Songhai"}, ["set"] = {"Basa Sentani"}, ["seu"] = {"Basa Serui-Laut"}, ["sev"] = {"Basa Nyarafolo Senoufo"}, ["sew"] = {"Basa Sewa Bay"}, ["sey"] = {"Basa Secoya"}, ["sez"] = {"Basa Senthang Chin"}, ["sfb"] = {"Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone", "Basa Isarat Prancis Bélgia"}, ["sfe"] = {"Basa Eastern Subanen"}, ["sfm"] = {"Basa Small Flowery Miao"}, ["sfs"] = {"Basa Isarat Afrika Kidul"}, ["sfw"] = {"Basa Sehwi"}, ["sga"] = {"Basa Old Irish (to 900)"}, ["sgb"] = {"Basa Mag-antsi Ayta"}, ["sgc"] = {"Basa Kipsigis"}, ["sgd"] = {"Basa Surigaonon"}, ["sge"] = {"Basa Segai"}, ["sgg"] = {"Basa Isarat Suis Jérman"}, ["sgh"] = {"Basa Shughni"}, ["sgi"] = {"Basa Suga"}, ["sgj"] = {"Basa Surgujia"}, ["sgk"] = {"Basa Sangkong"}, ["sgm"] = {"Basa Singa"}, ["sgn"] = {"Basa isarat"}, ["sgp"] = {"Basa Singpho"}, ["sgr"] = {"Basa Sangisari"}, ["sgs"] = {"Basa Samogitian"}, ["sgt"] = {"Basa Brokpake"}, ["sgu"] = {"Basa Salas"}, ["sgw"] = {"Basa Sebat Bet Gurage"}, ["sgx"] = {"Basa Isarat Sierra Leone"}, ["sgy"] = {"Basa Sanglechi"}, ["sgz"] = {"Basa Sursurunga"}, ["sha"] = {"Basa Shall-Zwall"}, ["shb"] = {"Basa Ninam"}, ["shc"] = {"Basa Sonde"}, ["shd"] = {"Basa Kundal Shahi"}, ["she"] = {"Basa Sheko"}, ["shg"] = {"Basa Shua"}, ["shh"] = {"Basa Shoshoni"}, ["shi"] = {"Basa Tachelhit"}, ["shj"] = {"Basa Shatt"}, ["shk"] = {"Basa Shilluk"}, ["shl"] = {"Basa Shendu"}, ["shm"] = {"Basa Shahrudi"}, ["shn"] = {"Basa Shan"}, ["sho"] = {"Basa Shanga"}, ["shp"] = {"Basa Shipibo-Conibo"}, ["shq"] = {"Basa Sala"}, ["shr"] = {"Basa Shi"}, ["shs"] = {"Basa Shuswap", "Secwepemctsín"}, ["sht"] = {"Basa Shasta"}, ["shu"] = {"Basa Aran Chad"}, ["shv"] = {"Basa Shehri"}, ["shw"] = {"Basa Shwai"}, ["shx"] = {"Basa She"}, ["shy"] = {"Basa Tachawit"}, ["shz"] = {"Basa Syenara Senoufo"}, ["sia"] = {"Basa Akkala Sami"}, ["sib"] = {"Basa Sebop"}, ["sid"] = {"Basa Sidamo"}, ["sie"] = {"Basa Simaa"}, ["sif"] = {"Basa Siamou"}, ["sig"] = {"Basa Paasaal"}, ["sih"] = {"Basa Zire", "Sîshëë"}, ["sii"] = {"Basa Shom Peng"}, ["sij"] = {"Basa Numbami"}, ["sik"] = {"Basa Sikiana"}, ["sil"] = {"Basa Tumulung Sisaala"}, ["sim"] = {"Basa Mende (Papua Nugini)"}, ["sio"] = {"Rungkun basa Siouan"}, ["sip"] = {"Basa Sikkim"}, ["siq"] = {"Basa Sonia"}, ["sir"] = {"Basa Siri"}, ["sis"] = {"Basa Siuslaw"}, ["sit"] = {"Rungkun basa Sino-Tibét"}, ["siu"] = {"Basa Sinagen"}, ["siv"] = {"Basa Sumariup"}, ["siw"] = {"Basa Siwai"}, ["six"] = {"Basa Sumau"}, ["siy"] = {"Basa Sivandi"}, ["siz"] = {"Basa Siwi"}, ["sja"] = {"Basa Epena"}, ["sjb"] = {"Basa Sajau Basap"}, ["sjc"] = {"Basa Shaojiang Chinese"}, ["sjd"] = {"Basa Kildin Sami"}, ["sje"] = {"Basa Pite Sami"}, ["sjg"] = {"Basa Assangori"}, ["sjk"] = {"Basa Kemi Sami"}, ["sjl"] = {"Basa Sajalong", "Miji"}, ["sjm"] = {"Basa Mapun"}, ["sjn"] = {"Basa Sindarin"}, ["sjo"] = {"Basa Xibe"}, ["sjp"] = {"Basa Surjapuri"}, ["sjr"] = {"Basa Siar-Lak"}, ["sjs"] = {"Basa Senhaja De Srair"}, ["sjt"] = {"Basa Ter Sami"}, ["sju"] = {"Basa Ume Sami"}, ["sjw"] = {"Basa Shawnee"}, ["ska"] = {"Basa Skagit"}, ["skb"] = {"Basa Saek"}, ["skc"] = {"Basa Ma Manda"}, ["skd"] = {"Basa Southern Sierra Miwok"}, ["ske"] = {"Basa Seke (Vanuatu)"}, ["skf"] = {"Basa Sakirabiá"}, ["skg"] = {"Basa Sakalava Malagasy"}, ["skh"] = {"Basa Sikule"}, ["ski"] = {"Basa Sika"}, ["skj"] = {"Basa Seke (Nepal)"}, ["skm"] = {"Basa Kutong"}, ["skn"] = {"Basa Kolibugan Subanon"}, ["sko"] = {"Basa Seko Tengah"}, ["skp"] = {"Basa Sekapan"}, ["skq"] = {"Basa Sininkere"}, ["skr"] = {"Basa Saraiki", "Seraiki"}, ["sks"] = {"Basa Maia"}, ["skt"] = {"Basa Sakata"}, ["sku"] = {"Basa Sakao"}, ["skv"] = {"Basa Skou"}, ["skw"] = {"Basa Skepi Creole Dutch"}, ["skx"] = {"Basa Seko Padang"}, ["sky"] = {"Basa Sikaiana"}, ["skz"] = {"Basa Sekar"}, ["sla"] = {"Rungkun basa Slavia"}, ["slc"] = {"Basa Sáliba"}, ["sld"] = {"Basa Sissala"}, ["sle"] = {"Basa Sholaga"}, ["slf"] = {"Basa Isarat Suis Italia"}, ["slg"] = {"Basa Selungai Murut"}, ["slh"] = {"Basa Southern Puget Sound Salish"}, ["sli"] = {"Basa Lower Silesian"}, ["slj"] = {"Basa Salumá"}, ["sll"] = {"Basa Salt-Yui"}, ["slm"] = {"Basa Pangutaran Sama"}, ["sln"] = {"Basa Salinan"}, ["slp"] = {"Basa Lamaholot"}, ["slr"] = {"Basa Salar"}, ["sls"] = {"Basa Isarat Singapura"}, ["slt"] = {"Basa Sila"}, ["slu"] = {"Basa Selaru"}, ["slw"] = {"Basa Sialum"}, ["slx"] = {"Basa Salampasu"}, ["sly"] = {"Basa Selayar"}, ["slz"] = {"Basa Ma'ya"}, ["sma"] = {"Basa Southern Sami"}, ["smb"] = {"Basa Simbari"}, ["smc"] = {"Basa Som"}, ["smf"] = {"Basa Auwe"}, ["smg"] = {"Basa Simbali"}, ["smh"] = {"Basa Samei"}, ["smi"] = {"Rungkun basa Sami"}, ["smj"] = {"Basa Lule Sami"}, ["smk"] = {"Basa Bolinao"}, ["sml"] = {"Basa Central Sama"}, ["smm"] = {"Basa Musasa"}, ["smn"] = {"Basa Inari Sami"}, ["smp"] = {"Basa Samaritan"}, ["smq"] = {"Basa Samo"}, ["smr"] = {"Basa Simeulue"}, ["sms"] = {"Basa Skolt Sami"}, ["smt"] = {"Basa Simte"}, ["smu"] = {"Basa Somray"}, ["smv"] = {"Basa Samvedi"}, ["smw"] = {"Basa Sumbawa"}, ["smx"] = {"Basa Samba"}, ["smy"] = {"Basa Semnani"}, ["smz"] = {"Basa Simeku"}, ["snc"] = {"Basa Sinaugoro"}, ["sne"] = {"Basa Bau Bidayuh"}, ["snf"] = {"Basa Noon"}, ["sng"] = {"Basa Sanga (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["sni"] = {"Basa Sensi"}, ["snj"] = {"Basa Riverain Sango"}, ["snk"] = {"Basa Soninke"}, ["snl"] = {"Basa Sangil"}, ["snm"] = {"Basa Southern Ma'di"}, ["snn"] = {"Basa Siona"}, ["sno"] = {"Basa Snohomish"}, ["snp"] = {"Basa Siane"}, ["snq"] = {"Basa Sangu (Gabon)"}, ["snr"] = {"Basa Sihan"}, ["sns"] = {"Basa South West Bay", "Nahavaq"}, ["snu"] = {"Basa Senggi", "Viid"}, ["snv"] = {"Basa Sa'ban"}, ["snw"] = {"Basa Selee"}, ["snx"] = {"Basa Sam"}, ["sny"] = {"Basa Saniyo-Hiyewe"}, ["snz"] = {"Basa Kou"}, ["soa"] = {"Basa Thai Song"}, ["sob"] = {"Basa Sobei"}, ["soc"] = {"Basa So (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["sod"] = {"Basa Songoora"}, ["soe"] = {"Basa Songomeno"}, ["sog"] = {"Basa Sogdian"}, ["soh"] = {"Basa Aka"}, ["soi"] = {"Basa Sonha"}, ["soj"] = {"Basa Soi"}, ["sok"] = {"Basa Sokoro"}, ["sol"] = {"Basa Solos"}, ["son"] = {"Rungkun basa Songhai"}, ["soo"] = {"Basa Songo"}, ["sop"] = {"Basa Songe"}, ["soq"] = {"Basa Kanasi"}, ["sor"] = {"Basa Somrai"}, ["sos"] = {"Basa Seeku"}, ["sou"] = {"Basa Southern Thai"}, ["sov"] = {"Basa Sonsorol"}, ["sow"] = {"Basa Sowanda"}, ["sox"] = {"Basa Swo"}, ["soy"] = {"Basa Miyobe"}, ["soz"] = {"Basa Temi"}, ["spb"] = {"Basa Sepa (Indonésia)"}, ["spc"] = {"Basa Sapé"}, ["spd"] = {"Basa Saep"}, ["spe"] = {"Basa Sepa (Papua Nugini)"}, ["spg"] = {"Basa Sian"}, ["spi"] = {"Basa Saponi"}, ["spk"] = {"Basa Sengo"}, ["spl"] = {"Basa Selepet"}, ["spm"] = {"Basa Akukem"}, ["spn"] = {"Basa Sanapaná"}, ["spo"] = {"Basa Spokane"}, ["spp"] = {"Basa Supyire Senoufo"}, ["spq"] = {"Basa Loreto-Ucayali Spanish"}, ["spr"] = {"Basa Saparua"}, ["sps"] = {"Basa Saposa"}, ["spt"] = {"Basa Spiti Bhoti"}, ["spu"] = {"Basa Sapuan"}, ["spv"] = {"Basa Sambalpuri", "Kosli"}, ["spx"] = {"Basa South Picene"}, ["spy"] = {"Basa Sabaot"}, ["sqa"] = {"Basa Shama-Sambuga"}, ["sqh"] = {"Basa Shau"}, ["sqj"] = {"Basa Albania"}, ["sqk"] = {"Basa Isarat Albania"}, ["sqm"] = {"Basa Suma"}, ["sqn"] = {"Basa Susquehannock"}, ["sqo"] = {"Basa Sorkhei"}, ["sqq"] = {"Basa Sou"}, ["sqr"] = {"Basa Arab Sisilia"}, ["sqs"] = {"Basa Isarat Sri Lanka"}, ["sqt"] = {"Basa Soqotri"}, ["squ"] = {"Basa Squamish", "Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim"}, ["sqx"] = {"Basa Isarat Kufr Qassem"}, ["sra"] = {"Basa Saruga"}, ["srb"] = {"Basa Sora"}, ["src"] = {"Basa Logudorese Sardinian"}, ["sre"] = {"Basa Sara"}, ["srf"] = {"Basa Nafi"}, ["srg"] = {"Basa Sulod"}, ["srh"] = {"Basa Sarikoli"}, ["sri"] = {"Basa Siriano"}, ["srk"] = {"Basa Serudung Murut"}, ["srl"] = {"Basa Isirawa"}, ["srm"] = {"Basa Saramaccan"}, ["srn"] = {"Basa Sranan Tongo"}, ["sro"] = {"Basa Campidanese Sardinian"}, ["srq"] = {"Basa Sirionó"}, ["srr"] = {"Basa Serer"}, ["srs"] = {"Basa Tsuut'ina", "Sarsi"}, ["srt"] = {"Basa Sauri"}, ["sru"] = {"Basa Suruí"}, ["srv"] = {"Basa Southern Sorsoganon"}, ["srw"] = {"Basa Serua"}, ["srx"] = {"Basa Sirmauri"}, ["sry"] = {"Basa Sera"}, ["srz"] = {"Basa Shahmirzadi"}, ["ssa"] = {"Rungkun basa Nilo-Sahara"}, ["ssb"] = {"Basa Southern Sama"}, ["ssc"] = {"Basa Suba-Simbiti"}, ["ssd"] = {"Basa Siroi"}, ["sse"] = {"Basa Balangingi", "Bangingih Sama"}, ["ssf"] = {"Basa Thao"}, ["ssg"] = {"Basa Seimat"}, ["ssh"] = {"Basa Arab Syihuh"}, ["ssi"] = {"Basa Sansi"}, ["ssj"] = {"Basa Sausi"}, ["ssk"] = {"Basa Sunam"}, ["ssl"] = {"Basa Sisaala Kulon"}, ["ssm"] = {"Basa Semnam"}, ["ssn"] = {"Basa Waata"}, ["sso"] = {"Basa Sissano"}, ["ssp"] = {"Basa Isarat Spanyol"}, ["ssq"] = {"Basa So'a"}, ["ssr"] = {"Basa Isarat Suis Prancis"}, ["sss"] = {"Basa Sô"}, ["sst"] = {"Basa Sinasina"}, ["ssu"] = {"Basa Susuami"}, ["ssv"] = {"Basa Shark Bay"}, ["ssx"] = {"Basa Samberigi"}, ["ssy"] = {"Basa Saho"}, ["ssz"] = {"Basa Sengseng"}, ["sta"] = {"Basa Settla"}, ["stb"] = {"Basa Northern Subanen"}, ["std"] = {"Basa Sentinel"}, ["ste"] = {"Basa Liana-Seti"}, ["stf"] = {"Basa Seta"}, ["stg"] = {"Basa Trieng"}, ["sth"] = {"Basa Shelta"}, ["sti"] = {"Basa Bulo Stieng"}, ["stj"] = {"Basa Matya Samo"}, ["stk"] = {"Basa Arammba"}, ["stl"] = {"Basa Stellingwerfs"}, ["stm"] = {"Basa Setaman"}, ["stn"] = {"Basa Owa"}, ["sto"] = {"Basa Stoney"}, ["stp"] = {"Basa Southeastern Tepehuan"}, ["stq"] = {"Basa Saterfriesisch"}, ["str"] = {"Basa Straits Salish"}, ["sts"] = {"Basa Shumashti"}, ["stt"] = {"Basa Budeh Stieng"}, ["stu"] = {"Basa Samtao"}, ["stv"] = {"Basa Silt'e"}, ["stw"] = {"Basa Satawalese"}, ["sty"] = {"Basa Siberian Tatar"}, ["sua"] = {"Basa Sulka"}, ["sub"] = {"Basa Suku"}, ["suc"] = {"Basa Western Subanon"}, ["sue"] = {"Basa Suena"}, ["sug"] = {"Basa Suganga"}, ["sui"] = {"Basa Suki"}, ["suj"] = {"Basa Shubi"}, ["suk"] = {"Basa Sukuma"}, ["suo"] = {"Basa Bouni"}, ["suq"] = {"Basa Tirmaga-Chai Suri", "Suri"}, ["sur"] = {"Basa Mwaghavul"}, ["sus"] = {"Basa Susu"}, ["sut"] = {"Basa Subtiaba"}, ["suv"] = {"Basa Puroik"}, ["suw"] = {"Basa Sumbwa"}, ["sux"] = {"Basa Sumerian"}, ["suy"] = {"Basa Suyá"}, ["suz"] = {"Basa Sunwar"}, ["sva"] = {"Basa Svan"}, ["svb"] = {"Basa Ulau-Suain"}, ["svc"] = {"Basa Vincentian Creole English"}, ["sve"] = {"Basa Serili"}, ["svk"] = {"Basa Isarat Slovakia"}, ["svm"] = {"Basa Slavomolisano"}, ["svs"] = {"Basa Savosavo"}, ["svx"] = {"Basa Skalvian"}, ["swb"] = {"Basa Maore Comorian"}, ["swc"] = {"Basa Congo Swahili"}, ["swf"] = {"Basa Sere"}, ["swg"] = {"Basa Swabian"}, ["swh"] = {"Basa Swahili (individual language)", "Kiswahili"}, ["swi"] = {"Basa Sui"}, ["swj"] = {"Basa Sira"}, ["swk"] = {"Basa Malawi Sena"}, ["swl"] = {"Basa Isarat Swédia"}, ["swm"] = {"Basa Samosa"}, ["swn"] = {"Basa Sawknah"}, ["swo"] = {"Basa Shanenawa"}, ["swp"] = {"Basa Suau"}, ["swq"] = {"Basa Sharwa"}, ["swr"] = {"Basa Saweru"}, ["sws"] = {"Basa Seluwasan"}, ["swt"] = {"Basa Sawila"}, ["swu"] = {"Basa Suwawa"}, ["swv"] = {"Basa Shekhawati"}, ["sww"] = {"Basa Sowa"}, ["swx"] = {"Basa Suruahá"}, ["swy"] = {"Basa Sarua"}, ["sxb"] = {"Basa Suba"}, ["sxc"] = {"Basa Sicanian"}, ["sxe"] = {"Basa Sighu"}, ["sxg"] = {"Basa Shuhi", "Shixing"}, ["sxk"] = {"Basa Southern Kalapuya"}, ["sxl"] = {"Basa Selian"}, ["sxm"] = {"Basa Samre"}, ["sxn"] = {"Basa Sangir"}, ["sxo"] = {"Basa Sorothaptic"}, ["sxr"] = {"Basa Saaroa"}, ["sxs"] = {"Basa Sasaru"}, ["sxu"] = {"Basa Upper Saxon"}, ["sxw"] = {"Basa Saxwe Gbe"}, ["sya"] = {"Basa Siang"}, ["syb"] = {"Basa Central Subanen"}, ["syc"] = {"Basa Classical Syriac"}, ["syd"] = {"Rungkun basa Samoyed"}, ["syi"] = {"Basa Seki"}, ["syk"] = {"Basa Sukur"}, ["syl"] = {"Basa Sylheti"}, ["sym"] = {"Basa Maya Samo"}, ["syn"] = {"Basa Senaya"}, ["syo"] = {"Basa Suoy"}, ["syr"] = {"Basa Syriac"}, ["sys"] = {"Basa Sinyar"}, ["syw"] = {"Basa Kagate"}, ["syx"] = {"Basa Samay"}, ["syy"] = {"Basa Isarat Al-Sayyid Bedouin"}, ["sza"] = {"Basa Semelai"}, ["szb"] = {"Basa Ngalum"}, ["szc"] = {"Basa Semaq Beri"}, ["sze"] = {"Basa Seze"}, ["szg"] = {"Basa Sengele"}, ["szl"] = {"Basa Silesian"}, ["szn"] = {"Basa Sula"}, ["szp"] = {"Basa Suabo"}, ["szs"] = {"Basa Isarat Kapuloan Solomon"}, ["szv"] = {"Basa Isubu", "Isu (Fako Division)"}, ["szw"] = {"Basa Sawai"}, ["szy"] = {"Basa Sakizaya"}, ["taa"] = {"Basa Lower Tanana"}, ["tab"] = {"Basa Tabassaran"}, ["tac"] = {"Basa Lowland Tarahumara"}, ["tad"] = {"Basa Tause"}, ["tae"] = {"Basa Tariana"}, ["taf"] = {"Basa Tapirapé"}, ["tag"] = {"Basa Tagoi"}, ["tai"] = {"Rungkun basa Tai"}, ["taj"] = {"Basa Eastern Tamang"}, ["tak"] = {"Basa Tala"}, ["tal"] = {"Basa Tal"}, ["tan"] = {"Basa Tangale"}, ["tao"] = {"Basa Yami"}, ["tap"] = {"Basa Taabwa"}, ["taq"] = {"Basa Tamasheq"}, ["tar"] = {"Basa Central Tarahumara"}, ["tas"] = {"Basa Tay Boi"}, ["tau"] = {"Basa Upper Tanana"}, ["tav"] = {"Basa Tatuyo"}, ["taw"] = {"Basa Tai"}, ["tax"] = {"Basa Tamki"}, ["tay"] = {"Basa Atayal"}, ["taz"] = {"Basa Tocho"}, ["tba"] = {"Basa Aikanã"}, ["tbc"] = {"Basa Takia"}, ["tbd"] = {"Basa Kaki Ae"}, ["tbe"] = {"Basa Tanimbili"}, ["tbf"] = {"Basa Mandara"}, ["tbg"] = {"Basa North Tairora"}, ["tbh"] = {"Basa Dharawal", "Thurawal"}, ["tbi"] = {"Basa Gaam"}, ["tbj"] = {"Basa Tiang"}, ["tbk"] = {"Basa Calamian Tagbanwa"}, ["tbl"] = {"Basa Tboli"}, ["tbm"] = {"Basa Tagbu"}, ["tbn"] = {"Basa Barro Negro Tunebo"}, ["tbo"] = {"Basa Tawala"}, ["tbp"] = {"Basa Taworta", "Diebroud"}, ["tbq"] = {"Rungkun basa Tibeto-Burma"}, ["tbr"] = {"Basa Tumtum"}, ["tbs"] = {"Basa Tanguat"}, ["tbt"] = {"Basa Tembo (Kitembo)"}, ["tbu"] = {"Basa Tubar"}, ["tbv"] = {"Basa Tobo"}, ["tbw"] = {"Basa Tagbanwa"}, ["tbx"] = {"Basa Kapin"}, ["tby"] = {"Basa Tabaru"}, ["tbz"] = {"Basa Ditammari"}, ["tca"] = {"Basa Ticuna"}, ["tcb"] = {"Basa Tanacross"}, ["tcc"] = {"Basa Datooga"}, ["tcd"] = {"Basa Tafi"}, ["tce"] = {"Basa Southern Tutchone"}, ["tcf"] = {"Basa Malinaltepec Me'phaa", "Malinaltepec Tlapanec"}, ["tcg"] = {"Basa Tamagario"}, ["tch"] = {"Basa Turks And Caicos Creole English"}, ["tci"] = {"Basa Wára"}, ["tck"] = {"Basa Tchitchege"}, ["tcl"] = {"Basa Taman (Myanmar)"}, ["tcm"] = {"Basa Tanahmerah"}, ["tcn"] = {"Basa Tichurong"}, ["tco"] = {"Basa Taungyo"}, ["tcp"] = {"Basa Tawr Chin"}, ["tcq"] = {"Basa Kaiy"}, ["tcs"] = {"Basa Torres Strait Creole", "Yumplatok"}, ["tct"] = {"Basa T'en"}, ["tcu"] = {"Basa Southeastern Tarahumara"}, ["tcw"] = {"Basa Tecpatlán Totonac"}, ["tcx"] = {"Basa Toda"}, ["tcy"] = {"Basa Tulu"}, ["tcz"] = {"Basa Thado Chin"}, ["tda"] = {"Basa Tagdal"}, ["tdb"] = {"Basa Panchpargania"}, ["tdc"] = {"Basa Emberá-Tadó"}, ["tdd"] = {"Basa Tai Nüa"}, ["tde"] = {"Basa Tiranige Diga Dogon"}, ["tdf"] = {"Basa Talieng"}, ["tdg"] = {"Basa Western Tamang"}, ["tdh"] = {"Basa Thulung"}, ["tdi"] = {"Basa Tomadino"}, ["tdj"] = {"Basa Tajio"}, ["tdk"] = {"Basa Tambas"}, ["tdl"] = {"Basa Sur"}, ["tdm"] = {"Basa Taruma"}, ["tdn"] = {"Basa Tondano"}, ["tdo"] = {"Basa Teme"}, ["tdq"] = {"Basa Tita"}, ["tdr"] = {"Basa Todrah"}, ["tds"] = {"Basa Doutai"}, ["tdt"] = {"Basa Tetun Dili"}, ["tdv"] = {"Basa Toro"}, ["tdx"] = {"Basa Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy"}, ["tdy"] = {"Basa Tadyawan"}, ["tea"] = {"Basa Temiar"}, ["teb"] = {"Basa Tetete"}, ["tec"] = {"Basa Terik"}, ["ted"] = {"Basa Tepo Krumen"}, ["tee"] = {"Basa Huehuetla Tepehua"}, ["tef"] = {"Basa Teressa"}, ["teg"] = {"Basa Teke-Tege"}, ["teh"] = {"Basa Tehuelche"}, ["tei"] = {"Basa Torricelli"}, ["tek"] = {"Basa Ibali Teke"}, ["tem"] = {"Basa Timne"}, ["ten"] = {"Basa Tama (Colombia)"}, ["teo"] = {"Basa Teso"}, ["tep"] = {"Basa Tepecano"}, ["teq"] = {"Basa Temein"}, ["ter"] = {"Basa Tereno"}, ["tes"] = {"Basa Tengger"}, ["tet"] = {"Basa Tetum"}, ["teu"] = {"Basa Soo"}, ["tev"] = {"Basa Teor"}, ["tew"] = {"Basa Tewa (USA)"}, ["tex"] = {"Basa Tennet"}, ["tey"] = {"Basa Tulishi"}, ["tez"] = {"Basa Tetserret"}, ["tfi"] = {"Basa Tofin Gbe"}, ["tfn"] = {"Basa Tanaina"}, ["tfo"] = {"Basa Tefaro"}, ["tfr"] = {"Basa Teribe"}, ["tft"] = {"Basa Ternate"}, ["tga"] = {"Basa Sagalla"}, ["tgb"] = {"Basa Tobilung"}, ["tgc"] = {"Basa Tigak"}, ["tgd"] = {"Basa Ciwogai"}, ["tge"] = {"Basa Eastern Gorkha Tamang"}, ["tgf"] = {"Basa Chalikha"}, ["tgh"] = {"Basa Tobagonian Creole English"}, ["tgi"] = {"Basa Lawunuia"}, ["tgj"] = {"Basa Tagin"}, ["tgn"] = {"Basa Tandaganon"}, ["tgo"] = {"Basa Sudest"}, ["tgp"] = {"Basa Tangoa"}, ["tgq"] = {"Basa Tring"}, ["tgr"] = {"Basa Tareng"}, ["tgs"] = {"Basa Nume"}, ["tgt"] = {"Basa Central Tagbanwa"}, ["tgu"] = {"Basa Tanggu"}, ["tgv"] = {"Basa Tingui-Boto"}, ["tgw"] = {"Basa Tagwana Senoufo"}, ["tgx"] = {"Basa Tagish"}, ["tgy"] = {"Basa Togoyo"}, ["tgz"] = {"Basa Tagalaka"}, ["thd"] = {"Basa Kuuk Thaayorre", "Thayore"}, ["the"] = {"Basa Chitwania Tharu"}, ["thf"] = {"Basa Thangmi"}, ["thh"] = {"Basa Northern Tarahumara"}, ["thi"] = {"Basa Tai Long"}, ["thk"] = {"Basa Tharaka", "Kitharaka"}, ["thl"] = {"Basa Dangaura Tharu"}, ["thm"] = {"Basa Aheu"}, ["thn"] = {"Basa Thachanadan"}, ["thp"] = {"Basa Thompson", "Nłeʔkepmxcín", "Thompson River Salish"}, ["thq"] = {"Basa Kochila Tharu"}, ["thr"] = {"Basa Rana Tharu"}, ["ths"] = {"Basa Thakali"}, ["tht"] = {"Basa Tahltan", "Tāłtān"}, ["thu"] = {"Basa Thuri"}, ["thv"] = {"Basa Tahaggart Tamahaq"}, ["thy"] = {"Basa Tha"}, ["thz"] = {"Basa Tayart Tamajeq"}, ["tia"] = {"Basa Tidikelt Tamazight"}, ["tic"] = {"Basa Tira"}, ["tif"] = {"Basa Tifal"}, ["tig"] = {"Basa Tigre"}, ["tih"] = {"Basa Timugon Murut"}, ["tii"] = {"Basa Tiene"}, ["tij"] = {"Basa Tilung"}, ["tik"] = {"Basa Tikar"}, ["til"] = {"Basa Tillamook"}, ["tim"] = {"Basa Timbe"}, ["tin"] = {"Basa Tindi"}, ["tio"] = {"Basa Teop"}, ["tip"] = {"Basa Trimuris"}, ["tiq"] = {"Basa Tiéfo"}, ["tis"] = {"Basa Masadiit Itneg"}, ["tit"] = {"Basa Tinigua"}, ["tiu"] = {"Basa Adasen"}, ["tiv"] = {"Basa Tiv"}, ["tiw"] = {"Basa Tiwi"}, ["tix"] = {"Basa Southern Tiwa"}, ["tiy"] = {"Basa Tiruray"}, ["tiz"] = {"Basa Tai Hongjin"}, ["tja"] = {"Basa Tajuasohn"}, ["tjg"] = {"Basa Tunjung"}, ["tji"] = {"Basa Northern Tujia"}, ["tjj"] = {"Basa Tjungundji"}, ["tjl"] = {"Basa Tai Laing"}, ["tjm"] = {"Basa Timucua"}, ["tjn"] = {"Basa Tonjon"}, ["tjo"] = {"Basa Temacine Tamazight"}, ["tjp"] = {"Basa Tjupany"}, ["tjs"] = {"Basa Southern Tujia"}, ["tju"] = {"Basa Tjurruru"}, ["tjw"] = {"Basa Djabwurrung"}, ["tka"] = {"Basa Truká"}, ["tkb"] = {"Basa Buksa"}, ["tkd"] = {"Basa Tukudede"}, ["tke"] = {"Basa Takwane"}, ["tkf"] = {"Basa Tukumanféd"}, ["tkg"] = {"Basa Tesaka Malagasy"}, ["tkl"] = {"Basa Tokelau"}, ["tkm"] = {"Basa Takelma"}, ["tkn"] = {"Basa Toku-No-Shima"}, ["tkp"] = {"Basa Tikopia"}, ["tkq"] = {"Basa Tee"}, ["tkr"] = {"Basa Tsakhur"}, ["tks"] = {"Basa Takestani"}, ["tkt"] = {"Basa Kathoriya Tharu"}, ["tku"] = {"Basa Upper Necaxa Totonac"}, ["tkv"] = {"Basa Mur Pano"}, ["tkw"] = {"Basa Teanu"}, ["tkx"] = {"Basa Tangko"}, ["tkz"] = {"Basa Takua"}, ["tla"] = {"Basa Southwestern Tepehuan"}, ["tlb"] = {"Basa Tobelo"}, ["tlc"] = {"Basa Yecuatla Totonac"}, ["tld"] = {"Basa Talaud"}, ["tlf"] = {"Basa Telefol"}, ["tlg"] = {"Basa Tofanma"}, ["tlh"] = {"Basa Klingon", "tlhIngan Hol"}, ["tli"] = {"Basa Tlingit"}, ["tlj"] = {"Basa Talinga-Bwisi"}, ["tlk"] = {"Basa Taloki"}, ["tll"] = {"Basa Tetela"}, ["tlm"] = {"Basa Tolomako"}, ["tln"] = {"Basa Talondo'"}, ["tlo"] = {"Basa Talodi"}, ["tlp"] = {"Basa Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac"}, ["tlq"] = {"Basa Tai Loi"}, ["tlr"] = {"Basa Talise"}, ["tls"] = {"Basa Tambotalo"}, ["tlt"] = {"Basa Sou Nama", "Teluti"}, ["tlu"] = {"Basa Tulehu"}, ["tlv"] = {"Basa Taliabu"}, ["tlx"] = {"Basa Khehek"}, ["tly"] = {"Basa Talysh"}, ["tma"] = {"Basa Tama (Chad)"}, ["tmb"] = {"Basa Katbol", "Avava"}, ["tmc"] = {"Basa Tumak"}, ["tmd"] = {"Basa Haruai"}, ["tme"] = {"Basa Tremembé"}, ["tmf"] = {"Basa Toba-Maskoy"}, ["tmg"] = {"Basa Ternateño"}, ["tmh"] = {"Basa Tamashek"}, ["tmi"] = {"Basa Tutuba"}, ["tmj"] = {"Basa Samarokena"}, ["tml"] = {"Basa Tamnim Citak"}, ["tmm"] = {"Basa Tai Thanh"}, ["tmn"] = {"Basa Taman (Indonésia)"}, ["tmo"] = {"Basa Temoq"}, ["tmq"] = {"Basa Tumleo"}, ["tmr"] = {"Basa Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (ca. 200-1200 CE)"}, ["tms"] = {"Basa Tima"}, ["tmt"] = {"Basa Tasmate"}, ["tmu"] = {"Basa Iau"}, ["tmv"] = {"Basa Tembo (Motembo)"}, ["tmw"] = {"Basa Temuan"}, ["tmy"] = {"Basa Tami"}, ["tmz"] = {"Basa Tamanaku"}, ["tna"] = {"Basa Tacana"}, ["tnb"] = {"Basa Western Tunebo"}, ["tnc"] = {"Basa Tanimuca-Retuarã"}, ["tnd"] = {"Basa Angosturas Tunebo"}, ["tng"] = {"Basa Tobanga"}, ["tnh"] = {"Basa Maiani"}, ["tni"] = {"Basa Tandia"}, ["tnk"] = {"Basa Kwamera"}, ["tnl"] = {"Basa Lenakel"}, ["tnm"] = {"Basa Tabla"}, ["tnn"] = {"Basa North Tanna"}, ["tno"] = {"Basa Toromono"}, ["tnp"] = {"Basa Whitesands"}, ["tnq"] = {"Basa Taino"}, ["tnr"] = {"Basa Ménik"}, ["tns"] = {"Basa Tenis"}, ["tnt"] = {"Basa Tontemboan"}, ["tnu"] = {"Basa Tay Khang"}, ["tnv"] = {"Basa Tangchangya"}, ["tnw"] = {"Basa Tonsawang"}, ["tnx"] = {"Basa Tanema"}, ["tny"] = {"Basa Tongwe"}, ["tnz"] = {"Basa Ten'edn"}, ["tob"] = {"Basa Toba"}, ["toc"] = {"Basa Coyutla Totonac"}, ["tod"] = {"Basa Toma"}, ["tof"] = {"Basa Gizrra"}, ["tog"] = {"Basa Tonga (Nyasa)"}, ["toh"] = {"Basa Gitonga"}, ["toi"] = {"Basa Tonga (Zambia)"}, ["toj"] = {"Basa Tojolabal"}, ["tok"] = {"Basa Toki Pona"}, ["tol"] = {"Basa Tolowa"}, ["tom"] = {"Basa Tombulu"}, ["too"] = {"Basa Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac"}, ["top"] = {"Basa Papantla Totonac"}, ["toq"] = {"Basa Toposa"}, ["tor"] = {"Basa Togbo-Vara Banda"}, ["tos"] = {"Basa Highland Totonac"}, ["tou"] = {"Basa Tho"}, ["tov"] = {"Basa Upper Taromi"}, ["tow"] = {"Basa Jemez"}, ["tox"] = {"Basa Tobian"}, ["toy"] = {"Basa Topoiyo"}, ["toz"] = {"Basa To"}, ["tpa"] = {"Basa Taupota"}, ["tpc"] = {"Basa Azoyú Me'phaa", "Azoyú Tlapanec"}, ["tpe"] = {"Basa Tippera"}, ["tpf"] = {"Basa Tarpia"}, ["tpg"] = {"Basa Kula"}, ["tpi"] = {"Basa Tok Pisin"}, ["tpj"] = {"Basa Tapieté"}, ["tpk"] = {"Basa Tupinikin"}, ["tpl"] = {"Basa Tlacoapa Me'phaa", "Tlacoapa Tlapanec"}, ["tpm"] = {"Basa Tampulma"}, ["tpn"] = {"Basa Tupinambá"}, ["tpo"] = {"Basa Tai Pao"}, ["tpp"] = {"Basa Pisaflores Tepehua"}, ["tpq"] = {"Basa Tukpa"}, ["tpr"] = {"Basa Tuparí"}, ["tpt"] = {"Basa Tlachichilco Tepehua"}, ["tpu"] = {"Basa Tampuan"}, ["tpv"] = {"Basa Tanapag"}, ["tpx"] = {"Basa Acatepec Me'phaa", "Acatepec Tlapanec"}, ["tpy"] = {"Basa Trumai"}, ["tpz"] = {"Basa Tinputz"}, ["tqb"] = {"Basa Tembé"}, ["tql"] = {"Basa Lehali"}, ["tqm"] = {"Basa Turumsa"}, ["tqn"] = {"Basa Tenino"}, ["tqo"] = {"Basa Toaripi"}, ["tqp"] = {"Basa Tomoip"}, ["tqq"] = {"Basa Tunni"}, ["tqr"] = {"Basa Torona"}, ["tqt"] = {"Basa Western Totonac"}, ["tqu"] = {"Basa Touo"}, ["tqw"] = {"Basa Tonkawa"}, ["tra"] = {"Basa Tirahi"}, ["trb"] = {"Basa Terebu"}, ["trc"] = {"Basa Copala Triqui"}, ["trd"] = {"Basa Turi"}, ["tre"] = {"Basa East Tarangan"}, ["trf"] = {"Basa Inggris Kréol Trinidad"}, ["trg"] = {"Basa Lishán Didán"}, ["trh"] = {"Basa Turaka"}, ["tri"] = {"Basa Trió"}, ["trj"] = {"Basa Toram"}, ["trk"] = {"Rungkun basa Turkik"}, ["trl"] = {"Basa Traveller Scottish"}, ["trm"] = {"Basa Tregami"}, ["trn"] = {"Basa Trinitario"}, ["tro"] = {"Basa Tarao Naga"}, ["trp"] = {"Basa Kok Borok"}, ["trq"] = {"Basa San Martín Itunyoso Triqui"}, ["trr"] = {"Basa Taushiro"}, ["trs"] = {"Basa Chicahuaxtla Triqui"}, ["trt"] = {"Basa Tunggare"}, ["tru"] = {"Basa Turoyo", "Surayt"}, ["trv"] = {"Basa Sediq", "Seediq", "Taroko"}, ["trw"] = {"Basa Torwali"}, ["trx"] = {"Basa Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh"}, ["try"] = {"Basa Turung"}, ["trz"] = {"Basa Torá"}, ["tsa"] = {"Basa Tsaangi"}, ["tsb"] = {"Basa Tsamai"}, ["tsc"] = {"Basa Tswa"}, ["tsd"] = {"Basa Tsakonian"}, ["tse"] = {"Basa Isarat Tunisia"}, ["tsg"] = {"Basa Tausug"}, ["tsh"] = {"Basa Tsuvan"}, ["tsi"] = {"Basa Tsimshian"}, ["tsj"] = {"Basa Tshangla"}, ["tsk"] = {"Basa Tseku"}, ["tsl"] = {"Basa Ts'ün-Lao"}, ["tsm"] = {"Basa Isarat Turki", "Türk İşaret Dili"}, ["tsp"] = {"Basa Northern Toussian"}, ["tsq"] = {"Basa Isarat Thailand"}, ["tsr"] = {"Basa Akei"}, ["tss"] = {"Basa Isarat Taiwan"}, ["tst"] = {"Basa Tondi Songway Kiini"}, ["tsu"] = {"Basa Tsou"}, ["tsv"] = {"Basa Tsogo"}, ["tsw"] = {"Basa Tsishingini"}, ["tsx"] = {"Basa Mubami"}, ["tsy"] = {"Basa Isarat Tebul"}, ["tsz"] = {"Basa Purepecha"}, ["tta"] = {"Basa Tutelo"}, ["ttb"] = {"Basa Gaa"}, ["ttc"] = {"Basa Tektiteko"}, ["ttd"] = {"Basa Tauade"}, ["tte"] = {"Basa Bwanabwana"}, ["ttf"] = {"Basa Tuotomb"}, ["ttg"] = {"Basa Tutong"}, ["tth"] = {"Basa Upper Ta'oih"}, ["tti"] = {"Basa Tobati"}, ["ttj"] = {"Basa Tooro"}, ["ttk"] = {"Basa Totoro"}, ["ttl"] = {"Basa Totela"}, ["ttm"] = {"Basa Northern Tutchone"}, ["ttn"] = {"Basa Towei"}, ["tto"] = {"Basa Lower Ta'oih"}, ["ttp"] = {"Basa Tombelala"}, ["ttq"] = {"Basa Tawallammat Tamajaq"}, ["ttr"] = {"Basa Tera"}, ["tts"] = {"Basa Northeastern Thai"}, ["ttt"] = {"Basa Muslim Tat"}, ["ttu"] = {"Basa Torau"}, ["ttv"] = {"Basa Titan"}, ["ttw"] = {"Basa Long Wat"}, ["tty"] = {"Basa Sikaritai"}, ["ttz"] = {"Basa Tsum"}, ["tua"] = {"Basa Wiarumus"}, ["tub"] = {"Basa Tübatulabal"}, ["tuc"] = {"Basa Mutu"}, ["tud"] = {"Basa Tuxá"}, ["tue"] = {"Basa Tuyuca"}, ["tuf"] = {"Basa Central Tunebo"}, ["tug"] = {"Basa Tunia"}, ["tuh"] = {"Basa Taulil"}, ["tui"] = {"Basa Tupuri"}, ["tuj"] = {"Basa Tugutil"}, ["tul"] = {"Basa Tula"}, ["tum"] = {"Basa Tumbuka"}, ["tun"] = {"Basa Tunica"}, ["tuo"] = {"Basa Tucano"}, ["tup"] = {"Rungkun basa Tupi"}, ["tuq"] = {"Basa Tedaga"}, ["tus"] = {"Basa Tuscarora"}, ["tut"] = {"Rungkun basa Altaik"}, ["tuu"] = {"Basa Tututni"}, ["tuv"] = {"Basa Turkana"}, ["tuw"] = {"Rungkun basa Tungus"}, ["tux"] = {"Basa Tuxináwa"}, ["tuy"] = {"Basa Tugen"}, ["tuz"] = {"Basa Turka"}, ["tva"] = {"Basa Vaghua"}, ["tvd"] = {"Basa Tsuvadi"}, ["tve"] = {"Basa Te'un"}, ["tvg"] = {"Basa Tugunese", "Batavian Portuguese Creole", "Mardijker Creole"}, ["tvi"] = {"Basa Tulai"}, ["tvk"] = {"Basa Southeast Ambrym"}, ["tvl"] = {"Basa Tuvalu"}, ["tvm"] = {"Basa Tela-Masbuar"}, ["tvn"] = {"Basa Tavoyan"}, ["tvo"] = {"Basa Tidore"}, ["tvs"] = {"Basa Taveta"}, ["tvt"] = {"Basa Tutsa Naga"}, ["tvu"] = {"Basa Tunen"}, ["tvw"] = {"Basa Sedoa"}, ["tvx"] = {"Basa Taivoan"}, ["tvy"] = {"Basa Timor Pidgin"}, ["twa"] = {"Basa Twana"}, ["twb"] = {"Basa Western Tawbuid"}, ["twc"] = {"Basa Teshenawa"}, ["twd"] = {"Basa Twents"}, ["twe"] = {"Basa Tewa (Indonésia)"}, ["twf"] = {"Basa Northern Tiwa"}, ["twg"] = {"Basa Tereweng"}, ["twh"] = {"Basa Tai Dón"}, ["twl"] = {"Basa Tawara"}, ["twm"] = {"Basa Tawang Monpa"}, ["twn"] = {"Basa Twendi"}, ["two"] = {"Basa Tswapong"}, ["twp"] = {"Basa Ere"}, ["twq"] = {"Basa Tasawaq"}, ["twr"] = {"Basa Southwestern Tarahumara"}, ["twt"] = {"Basa Turiwára"}, ["twu"] = {"Basa Termanu"}, ["tww"] = {"Basa Tuwari"}, ["twx"] = {"Basa Tewe"}, ["twy"] = {"Basa Tawoyan"}, ["txa"] = {"Basa Tombonuo"}, ["txb"] = {"Basa Tokharian B"}, ["txc"] = {"Basa Tsetsaut"}, ["txe"] = {"Basa Totoli"}, ["txg"] = {"Basa Tangut"}, ["txh"] = {"Basa Thracian"}, ["txi"] = {"Basa Ikpeng"}, ["txj"] = {"Basa Tarjumo"}, ["txm"] = {"Basa Tomini"}, ["txn"] = {"Basa West Tarangan"}, ["txo"] = {"Basa Toto"}, ["txq"] = {"Basa Tii"}, ["txr"] = {"Basa Tartessian"}, ["txs"] = {"Basa Tonsea"}, ["txt"] = {"Basa Citak"}, ["txu"] = {"Basa Kayapó"}, ["txx"] = {"Basa Tatana"}, ["txy"] = {"Basa Tanosy Malagasy"}, ["tya"] = {"Basa Tauya"}, ["tye"] = {"Basa Kyanga"}, ["tyh"] = {"Basa O'du"}, ["tyi"] = {"Basa Teke-Tsaayi"}, ["tyj"] = {"Basa Tai Do", "Tai Yo"}, ["tyl"] = {"Basa Thu Lao"}, ["tyn"] = {"Basa Kombai"}, ["typ"] = {"Basa Thaypan"}, ["tyr"] = {"Basa Tai Daeng"}, ["tys"] = {"Basa Tày Sa Pa"}, ["tyt"] = {"Basa Tày Tac"}, ["tyu"] = {"Basa Kua"}, ["tyv"] = {"Basa Tuvinian"}, ["tyx"] = {"Basa Teke-Tyee"}, ["tyy"] = {"Basa Tiyaa"}, ["tyz"] = {"Basa Tày"}, ["tza"] = {"Basa Isarat Tanzania"}, ["tzh"] = {"Basa Tzeltal"}, ["tzj"] = {"Basa Tz'utujil"}, ["tzl"] = {"Basa Talossan"}, ["tzm"] = {"Basa Central Atlas Tamazight"}, ["tzn"] = {"Basa Tugun"}, ["tzo"] = {"Basa Tzotzil"}, ["tzx"] = {"Basa Tabriak"}, ["uam"] = {"Basa Uamué"}, ["uan"] = {"Basa Kuan"}, ["uar"] = {"Basa Tairuma"}, ["uba"] = {"Basa Ubang"}, ["ubi"] = {"Basa Ubi"}, ["ubl"] = {"Basa Buhi'non Bikol"}, ["ubr"] = {"Basa Ubir"}, ["ubu"] = {"Basa Umbu-Ungu"}, ["uby"] = {"Basa Ubykh"}, ["uda"] = {"Basa Uda"}, ["ude"] = {"Basa Udihe"}, ["udg"] = {"Basa Muduga"}, ["udi"] = {"Basa Udi"}, ["udj"] = {"Basa Ujir"}, ["udl"] = {"Basa Wuzlam"}, ["udm"] = {"Basa Udmurt"}, ["udu"] = {"Basa Uduk"}, ["ues"] = {"Basa Kioko"}, ["ufi"] = {"Basa Ufim"}, ["uga"] = {"Basa Ugaritic"}, ["ugb"] = {"Basa Kuku-Ugbanh"}, ["uge"] = {"Basa Ughele"}, ["ugh"] = {"Basa Kubachi"}, ["ugn"] = {"Basa Isarat Uganda"}, ["ugo"] = {"Basa Ugong"}, ["ugy"] = {"Basa Isarat Uruguay"}, ["uha"] = {"Basa Uhami"}, ["uhn"] = {"Basa Damal"}, ["uis"] = {"Basa Uisai"}, ["uiv"] = {"Basa Iyive"}, ["uji"] = {"Basa Tanjijili"}, ["uka"] = {"Basa Kaburi"}, ["ukg"] = {"Basa Ukuriguma"}, ["ukh"] = {"Basa Ukhwejo"}, ["uki"] = {"Basa Kui (India)"}, ["ukk"] = {"Basa Muak Sa-aak"}, ["ukl"] = {"Basa Isarat Ukraina"}, ["ukp"] = {"Basa Ukpe-Bayobiri"}, ["ukq"] = {"Basa Ukwa"}, ["uks"] = {"Basa Isarat Urubú-Kaapor", "Basa Isarat Kaapor"}, ["uku"] = {"Basa Ukue"}, ["ukv"] = {"Basa Kuku"}, ["ukw"] = {"Basa Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni"}, ["uky"] = {"Basa Kuuk-Yak"}, ["ula"] = {"Basa Fungwa"}, ["ulb"] = {"Basa Ulukwumi"}, ["ulc"] = {"Basa Ulch"}, ["ule"] = {"Basa Lule"}, ["ulf"] = {"Basa Usku", "Afra"}, ["uli"] = {"Basa Ulithian"}, ["ulk"] = {"Basa Meriam Mir"}, ["ull"] = {"Basa Ullatan"}, ["ulm"] = {"Basa Ulumanda'"}, ["uln"] = {"Basa Unserdeutsch"}, ["ulu"] = {"Basa Uma' Lung"}, ["ulw"] = {"Basa Ulwa"}, ["uly"] = {"Basa Buli"}, ["uma"] = {"Basa Umatilla"}, ["umb"] = {"Basa Umbundu"}, ["umc"] = {"Basa Marrucinian"}, ["umd"] = {"Basa Umbindhamu"}, ["umg"] = {"Basa Morrobalama", "Umbuygamu"}, ["umi"] = {"Basa Ukit"}, ["umm"] = {"Basa Umon"}, ["umn"] = {"Basa Makyan Naga"}, ["umo"] = {"Basa Umotína"}, ["ump"] = {"Basa Umpila"}, ["umr"] = {"Basa Umbugarla"}, ["ums"] = {"Basa Pendau"}, ["umu"] = {"Basa Munsee"}, ["una"] = {"Basa North Watut"}, ["und"] = {"Basa Undetermined"}, ["une"] = {"Basa Uneme"}, ["ung"] = {"Basa Ngarinyin"}, ["uni"] = {"Basa Uni"}, ["unk"] = {"Basa Enawené-Nawé"}, ["unm"] = {"Basa Unami"}, ["unn"] = {"Basa Kurnai"}, ["unr"] = {"Basa Mundari"}, ["unu"] = {"Basa Unubahe"}, ["unx"] = {"Basa Munda"}, ["unz"] = {"Basa Unde Kaili"}, ["uon"] = {"Basa Kulon"}, ["upi"] = {"Basa Umeda"}, ["upv"] = {"Basa Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin"}, ["ura"] = {"Basa Urarina"}, ["urb"] = {"Basa Urubú-Kaapor", "Kaapor"}, ["urc"] = {"Basa Urningangg"}, ["ure"] = {"Basa Uru"}, ["urf"] = {"Basa Uradhi"}, ["urg"] = {"Basa Urigina"}, ["urh"] = {"Basa Urhobo"}, ["uri"] = {"Basa Urim"}, ["urj"] = {"Rungkun basa Ural"}, ["urk"] = {"Basa Urak Lawoi'"}, ["url"] = {"Basa Urali"}, ["urm"] = {"Basa Urapmin"}, ["urn"] = {"Basa Uruangnirin"}, ["uro"] = {"Basa Ura (Papua Nugini)"}, ["urp"] = {"Basa Uru-Pa-In"}, ["urr"] = {"Basa Lehalurup", "Löyöp"}, ["urt"] = {"Basa Urat"}, ["uru"] = {"Basa Urumi"}, ["urv"] = {"Basa Uruava"}, ["urw"] = {"Basa Sop"}, ["urx"] = {"Basa Urimo"}, ["ury"] = {"Basa Orya"}, ["urz"] = {"Basa Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau"}, ["usa"] = {"Basa Usarufa"}, ["ush"] = {"Basa Ushojo"}, ["usi"] = {"Basa Usui"}, ["usk"] = {"Basa Usaghade"}, ["usp"] = {"Basa Uspanteco"}, ["uss"] = {"Basa us-Saare"}, ["usu"] = {"Basa Uya"}, ["uta"] = {"Basa Otank"}, ["ute"] = {"Basa Ute-Southern Paiute"}, ["uth"] = {"Basa ut-Hun"}, ["utp"] = {"Basa Amba (Solomon Islands)"}, ["utr"] = {"Basa Etulo"}, ["utu"] = {"Basa Utu"}, ["uum"] = {"Basa Urum"}, ["uur"] = {"Basa Ura (Vanuatu)"}, ["uuu"] = {"Basa U"}, ["uve"] = {"Basa West Uvean", "Fagauvea"}, ["uvh"] = {"Basa Uri"}, ["uvl"] = {"Basa Lote"}, ["uwa"] = {"Basa Kuku-Uwanh"}, ["uya"] = {"Basa Doko-Uyanga"}, ["uzn"] = {"Basa Northern Uzbek"}, ["uzs"] = {"Basa Southern Uzbek"}, ["vaa"] = {"Basa Vaagri Booli"}, ["vae"] = {"Basa Vale"}, ["vaf"] = {"Basa Vafsi"}, ["vag"] = {"Basa Vagla"}, ["vah"] = {"Basa Varhadi-Nagpuri"}, ["vai"] = {"Basa Vai"}, ["vaj"] = {"Basa Sekele", "Northwestern ǃKung", "Vasekele"}, ["val"] = {"Basa Vehes"}, ["vam"] = {"Basa Vanimo"}, ["van"] = {"Basa Valman"}, ["vao"] = {"Basa Vao"}, ["vap"] = {"Basa Vaiphei"}, ["var"] = {"Basa Huarijio"}, ["vas"] = {"Basa Vasavi"}, ["vau"] = {"Basa Vanuma"}, ["vav"] = {"Basa Varli"}, ["vay"] = {"Basa Wayu"}, ["vbb"] = {"Basa Southeast Babar"}, ["vbk"] = {"Basa Southwestern Bontok"}, ["vec"] = {"Basa Venetian"}, ["ved"] = {"Basa Veddah"}, ["vel"] = {"Basa Veluws"}, ["vem"] = {"Basa Vemgo-Mabas"}, ["veo"] = {"Basa Ventureño"}, ["vep"] = {"Basa Veps"}, ["ver"] = {"Basa Mom Jango"}, ["vgr"] = {"Basa Vaghri"}, ["vgt"] = {"Vlaamse Gebarentaal", "Basa Isarat Flemish"}, ["vic"] = {"Basa Virgin Islands Creole English"}, ["vid"] = {"Basa Vidunda"}, ["vif"] = {"Basa Vili"}, ["vig"] = {"Basa Viemo"}, ["vil"] = {"Basa Vilela"}, ["vin"] = {"Basa Vinza"}, ["vis"] = {"Basa Vishavan"}, ["vit"] = {"Basa Viti"}, ["viv"] = {"Basa Iduna"}, ["vjk"] = {"Basa Bajjika"}, ["vka"] = {"Basa Kariyarra"}, ["vkj"] = {"Basa Kujarge"}, ["vkk"] = {"Basa Kaur"}, ["vkl"] = {"Basa Kulisusu"}, ["vkm"] = {"Basa Kamakan"}, ["vkn"] = {"Basa Koro Nulu"}, ["vko"] = {"Basa Kodeoha"}, ["vkp"] = {"Basa Korlai Creole Portuguese"}, ["vkt"] = {"Basa Tenggarong Kutai Malay"}, ["vku"] = {"Basa Kurrama"}, ["vkz"] = {"Basa Koro Zuba"}, ["vlp"] = {"Basa Valpei"}, ["vls"] = {"Basa Vlaams"}, ["vma"] = {"Basa Martuyhunira"}, ["vmb"] = {"Basa Barbaram"}, ["vmc"] = {"Basa Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["vmd"] = {"Basa Mudu Koraga"}, ["vme"] = {"Basa East Masela"}, ["vmf"] = {"Basa Mainfränkisch"}, ["vmg"] = {"Basa Lungalunga"}, ["vmh"] = {"Basa Maraghei"}, ["vmi"] = {"Basa Miwa"}, ["vmj"] = {"Basa Ixtayutla Mixtec"}, ["vmk"] = {"Basa Makhuwa-Shirima"}, ["vml"] = {"Basa Malgana"}, ["vmm"] = {"Basa Mitlatongo Mixtec"}, ["vmp"] = {"Basa Soyaltepec Mazatec"}, ["vmq"] = {"Basa Soyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["vmr"] = {"Basa Marenje"}, ["vms"] = {"Basa Moksela"}, ["vmu"] = {"Basa Muluridyi"}, ["vmv"] = {"Basa Valley Maidu"}, ["vmw"] = {"Basa Makhuwa"}, ["vmx"] = {"Basa Tamazola Mixtec"}, ["vmy"] = {"Basa Ayautla Mazatec"}, ["vmz"] = {"Basa Mazatlán Mazatec"}, ["vnk"] = {"Basa Vano", "Lovono"}, ["vnm"] = {"Basa Vinmavis", "Neve'ei"}, ["vnp"] = {"Basa Vunapu"}, ["vor"] = {"Basa Voro"}, ["vot"] = {"Basa Votic"}, ["vra"] = {"Basa Vera'a"}, ["vro"] = {"Basa Võro"}, ["vrs"] = {"Basa Varisi"}, ["vrt"] = {"Basa Burmbar", "Banam Bay"}, ["vsi"] = {"Basa Isarat Moldova"}, ["vsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Vénézuéla"}, ["vsn"] = {"Basa Vedic Sanskrit"}, ["vsv"] = {"Basa Isarat Valénsia", "Llengua de signes valenciana"}, ["vto"] = {"Basa Vitou"}, ["vum"] = {"Basa Vumbu"}, ["vun"] = {"Basa Vunjo"}, ["vut"] = {"Basa Vute"}, ["vwa"] = {"Basa Awa (China)"}, ["waa"] = {"Basa Walla Walla"}, ["wab"] = {"Basa Yote", "Wab"}, ["wac"] = {"Basa Wasco-Wishram"}, ["wad"] = {"Basa Wamesa", "Wondama"}, ["wae"] = {"Basa Walser"}, ["waf"] = {"Basa Wakoná"}, ["wag"] = {"Basa Wa'ema"}, ["wah"] = {"Basa Watubela"}, ["wai"] = {"Basa Wares"}, ["waj"] = {"Basa Waffa"}, ["wak"] = {"Rungkun basa Wakash"}, ["wal"] = {"Basa Wolaytta", "Wolaitta"}, ["wam"] = {"Basa Wampanoag"}, ["wan"] = {"Basa Wan"}, ["wao"] = {"Basa Wappo"}, ["wap"] = {"Basa Wapishana"}, ["waq"] = {"Basa Wagiman"}, ["war"] = {"Basa Waray (Philippines)"}, ["was"] = {"Basa Washo"}, ["wat"] = {"Basa Kaninuwa"}, ["wau"] = {"Basa Waurá"}, ["wav"] = {"Basa Waka"}, ["waw"] = {"Basa Waiwai"}, ["wax"] = {"Basa Watam", "Marangis"}, ["way"] = {"Basa Wayana"}, ["waz"] = {"Basa Wampur"}, ["wba"] = {"Basa Warao"}, ["wbb"] = {"Basa Wabo"}, ["wbe"] = {"Basa Waritai"}, ["wbf"] = {"Basa Wara"}, ["wbh"] = {"Basa Wanda"}, ["wbi"] = {"Basa Vwanji"}, ["wbj"] = {"Basa Alagwa"}, ["wbk"] = {"Basa Waigali"}, ["wbl"] = {"Basa Wakhi"}, ["wbm"] = {"Basa Wa"}, ["wbp"] = {"Basa Warlpiri"}, ["wbq"] = {"Basa Waddar"}, ["wbr"] = {"Basa Wagdi"}, ["wbs"] = {"Basa Isarat Benggala Kulon"}, ["wbt"] = {"Basa Warnman"}, ["wbv"] = {"Basa Wajarri"}, ["wbw"] = {"Basa Woi"}, ["wca"] = {"Basa Yanomámi"}, ["wci"] = {"Basa Waci Gbe"}, ["wdd"] = {"Basa Wandji"}, ["wdg"] = {"Basa Wadaginam"}, ["wdj"] = {"Basa Wadjiginy"}, ["wdk"] = {"Basa Wadikali"}, ["wdt"] = {"Basa Wendat"}, ["wdu"] = {"Basa Wadjigu"}, ["wdy"] = {"Basa Wadjabangayi"}, ["wea"] = {"Basa Wewaw"}, ["wec"] = {"Basa Wè Western"}, ["wed"] = {"Basa Wedau"}, ["weg"] = {"Basa Wergaia"}, ["weh"] = {"Basa Weh"}, ["wei"] = {"Basa Kiunum"}, ["wem"] = {"Basa Weme Gbe"}, ["wen"] = {"Rungkun basa Sorbia"}, ["weo"] = {"Basa Wemale"}, ["wep"] = {"Basa Westphalien"}, ["wer"] = {"Basa Weri"}, ["wes"] = {"Basa Cameroon Pidgin"}, ["wet"] = {"Basa Perai"}, ["weu"] = {"Basa Rawngtu Chin"}, ["wew"] = {"Basa Wejewa"}, ["wfg"] = {"Basa Yafi", "Zorop"}, ["wga"] = {"Basa Wagaya"}, ["wgb"] = {"Basa Wagawaga"}, ["wgg"] = {"Basa Wangkangurru", "Wangganguru"}, ["wgi"] = {"Basa Wahgi"}, ["wgo"] = {"Basa Waigeo"}, ["wgu"] = {"Basa Wirangu"}, ["wgy"] = {"Basa Warrgamay"}, ["wha"] = {"Basa Sou Upaa", "Manusela"}, ["whg"] = {"Basa North Wahgi"}, ["whk"] = {"Basa Wahau Kenyah"}, ["whu"] = {"Basa Wahau Kayan"}, ["wib"] = {"Basa Southern Toussian"}, ["wic"] = {"Basa Wichita"}, ["wie"] = {"Basa Wik-Epa"}, ["wif"] = {"Basa Wik-Keyangan"}, ["wig"] = {"Basa Wik Ngathan"}, ["wih"] = {"Basa Wik-Me'anha"}, ["wii"] = {"Basa Minidien"}, ["wij"] = {"Basa Wik-Iiyanh"}, ["wik"] = {"Basa Wikalkan"}, ["wil"] = {"Basa Wilawila"}, ["wim"] = {"Basa Wik-Mungkan"}, ["win"] = {"Basa Ho-Chunk"}, ["wir"] = {"Basa Wiraféd"}, ["wiu"] = {"Basa Wiru"}, ["wiv"] = {"Basa Vitu"}, ["wiy"] = {"Basa Wiyot"}, ["wja"] = {"Basa Waja"}, ["wji"] = {"Basa Warji"}, ["wka"] = {"Basa Kw'adza"}, ["wkb"] = {"Basa Kumbaran"}, ["wkd"] = {"Basa Wakde", "Mo"}, ["wkl"] = {"Basa Kalanadi"}, ["wkr"] = {"Basa Keerray-Woorroong"}, ["wku"] = {"Basa Kunduvadi"}, ["wkw"] = {"Basa Wakawaka"}, ["wky"] = {"Basa Wangkayutyuru"}, ["wla"] = {"Basa Walio"}, ["wlc"] = {"Basa Mwali Comorian"}, ["wle"] = {"Basa Wolane"}, ["wlg"] = {"Basa Kunbarlang"}, ["wlh"] = {"Basa Welaun"}, ["wli"] = {"Basa Waioli"}, ["wlk"] = {"Basa Wailaki"}, ["wll"] = {"Basa Wali (Sudan)"}, ["wlm"] = {"Basa Middle Welsh"}, ["wlo"] = {"Basa Wolio"}, ["wlr"] = {"Basa Wailapa"}, ["wls"] = {"Basa Wallisian"}, ["wlu"] = {"Basa Wuliwuli"}, ["wlv"] = {"Basa Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz"}, ["wlw"] = {"Basa Walak"}, ["wlx"] = {"Basa Wali (Ghana)"}, ["wly"] = {"Basa Waling"}, ["wma"] = {"Basa Mawa (Nigéria)"}, ["wmb"] = {"Basa Wambaya"}, ["wmc"] = {"Basa Wamas"}, ["wmd"] = {"Basa Mamaindé"}, ["wme"] = {"Basa Wambule"}, ["wmg"] = {"Basa Western Minyag"}, ["wmh"] = {"Basa Waima'a"}, ["wmi"] = {"Basa Wamin"}, ["wmm"] = {"Basa Maiwa (Indonésia)"}, ["wmn"] = {"Basa Waamwang"}, ["wmo"] = {"Basa Wom (Papua Nugini)"}, ["wms"] = {"Basa Wambon"}, ["wmt"] = {"Basa Walmajarri"}, ["wmw"] = {"Basa Mwani"}, ["wmx"] = {"Basa Womo"}, ["wnb"] = {"Basa Mokati"}, ["wnc"] = {"Basa Wantoat"}, ["wnd"] = {"Basa Wandarang"}, ["wne"] = {"Basa Waneci"}, ["wng"] = {"Basa Wanggom"}, ["wni"] = {"Basa Ndzwani Comorian"}, ["wnk"] = {"Basa Wanukaka"}, ["wnm"] = {"Basa Wanggamala"}, ["wnn"] = {"Basa Wunumara"}, ["wno"] = {"Basa Wano"}, ["wnp"] = {"Basa Wanap"}, ["wnu"] = {"Basa Usan"}, ["wnw"] = {"Basa Wintu"}, ["wny"] = {"Basa Wanyi", "Waanyi"}, ["woa"] = {"Basa Kuwema", "Tyaraity"}, ["wob"] = {"Basa Wè Northern"}, ["woc"] = {"Basa Wogeo"}, ["wod"] = {"Basa Wolani"}, ["woe"] = {"Basa Woleaian"}, ["wof"] = {"Basa Gambian Wolof"}, ["wog"] = {"Basa Wogamusin"}, ["woi"] = {"Basa Kamang"}, ["wok"] = {"Basa Longto"}, ["wom"] = {"Basa Wom (Nigéria)"}, ["won"] = {"Basa Wongo"}, ["woo"] = {"Basa Manombai"}, ["wor"] = {"Basa Woria"}, ["wos"] = {"Basa Hanga Hundi"}, ["wow"] = {"Basa Wawonii"}, ["woy"] = {"Basa Weyto"}, ["wpc"] = {"Basa Maco"}, ["wrb"] = {"Basa Waluwarra", "Warluwara"}, ["wrg"] = {"Basa Warungu", "Gudjal"}, ["wrh"] = {"Basa Wiradjuri"}, ["wri"] = {"Basa Wariyangga"}, ["wrk"] = {"Basa Garrwa"}, ["wrl"] = {"Basa Warlmanpa"}, ["wrm"] = {"Basa Warumungu"}, ["wrn"] = {"Basa Warnang"}, ["wro"] = {"Basa Worrorra"}, ["wrp"] = {"Basa Waropen"}, ["wrr"] = {"Basa Wardaman"}, ["wrs"] = {"Basa Waris"}, ["wru"] = {"Basa Waru"}, ["wrv"] = {"Basa Waruna"}, ["wrw"] = {"Basa Gugu Warra"}, ["wrx"] = {"Basa Wae Rana"}, ["wry"] = {"Basa Merwari"}, ["wrz"] = {"Basa Waray (Australia)"}, ["wsa"] = {"Basa Warembori"}, ["wsg"] = {"Basa Adilabad Gondi"}, ["wsi"] = {"Basa Wusi"}, ["wsk"] = {"Basa Waskia"}, ["wsr"] = {"Basa Owenia"}, ["wss"] = {"Basa Wasa"}, ["wsu"] = {"Basa Wasu"}, ["wsv"] = {"Basa Wotapuri-Katarqalai"}, ["wtb"] = {"Basa Matambwe"}, ["wtf"] = {"Basa Watiwa"}, ["wth"] = {"Basa Wathawurrung"}, ["wti"] = {"Basa Berta"}, ["wtk"] = {"Basa Watakataui"}, ["wtm"] = {"Basa Mewati"}, ["wtw"] = {"Basa Wotu"}, ["wua"] = {"Basa Wikngenchera"}, ["wub"] = {"Basa Wunambal"}, ["wud"] = {"Basa Wudu"}, ["wuh"] = {"Basa Wutunhua"}, ["wul"] = {"Basa Silimo"}, ["wum"] = {"Basa Wumbvu"}, ["wun"] = {"Basa Bungu"}, ["wur"] = {"Basa Wurrugu"}, ["wut"] = {"Basa Wutung"}, ["wuu"] = {"Basa Wu Chinese"}, ["wuv"] = {"Basa Wuvulu-Aua"}, ["wux"] = {"Basa Wulna"}, ["wuy"] = {"Basa Wauyai"}, ["wwa"] = {"Basa Waama"}, ["wwb"] = {"Basa Wakabunga"}, ["wwo"] = {"Basa Wetamut", "Dorig"}, ["wwr"] = {"Basa Warrwa"}, ["www"] = {"Basa Wawa"}, ["wxa"] = {"Basa Waxianghua"}, ["wxw"] = {"Basa Wardandi"}, ["wyb"] = {"Basa Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa"}, ["wyi"] = {"Basa Woiwurrung"}, ["wym"] = {"Basa Wymysorys"}, ["wyn"] = {"Basa Wyandot"}, ["wyr"] = {"Basa Wayoró"}, ["wyy"] = {"Basa Western Fijian"}, ["xaa"] = {"Basa Arab Andalusia"}, ["xab"] = {"Basa Sambe"}, ["xac"] = {"Basa Kachari"}, ["xad"] = {"Basa Adai"}, ["xae"] = {"Basa Aequian"}, ["xag"] = {"Basa Aghwan"}, ["xai"] = {"Basa Kaimbé"}, ["xaj"] = {"Basa Ararandewára"}, ["xak"] = {"Basa Máku"}, ["xal"] = {"Basa Kalmyk", "Oirat"}, ["xam"] = {"Basa ǀXam"}, ["xan"] = {"Basa Xamtanga"}, ["xao"] = {"Basa Khao"}, ["xap"] = {"Basa Apalachee"}, ["xaq"] = {"Basa Aquitanian"}, ["xar"] = {"Basa Karami"}, ["xas"] = {"Basa Kamas"}, ["xat"] = {"Basa Katawixi"}, ["xau"] = {"Basa Kauwera"}, ["xav"] = {"Basa Xavánte"}, ["xaw"] = {"Basa Kawaiisu"}, ["xay"] = {"Basa Kayan Mahakam"}, ["xbb"] = {"Basa Lower Burdekin"}, ["xbc"] = {"Basa Bactrian"}, ["xbd"] = {"Basa Bindal"}, ["xbe"] = {"Basa Bigambal"}, ["xbg"] = {"Basa Bunganditj"}, ["xbi"] = {"Basa Kombio"}, ["xbj"] = {"Basa Birrpayi"}, ["xbm"] = {"Basa Middle Breton"}, ["xbn"] = {"Basa Kenaboi"}, ["xbo"] = {"Basa Bolgarian"}, ["xbp"] = {"Basa Bibbulman"}, ["xbr"] = {"Basa Kambera"}, ["xbw"] = {"Basa Kambiwá"}, ["xby"] = {"Basa Batjala", "Batyala"}, ["xcb"] = {"Basa Cumbric"}, ["xcc"] = {"Basa Camunic"}, ["xce"] = {"Basa Celtiberian"}, ["xcg"] = {"Basa Cisalpine Gaulish"}, ["xch"] = {"Basa Chemakum", "Chimakum"}, ["xcl"] = {"Basa Classical Armenian"}, ["xcm"] = {"Basa Comecrudo"}, ["xcn"] = {"Basa Cotoname"}, ["xco"] = {"Basa Chorasmian"}, ["xcr"] = {"Basa Carian"}, ["xct"] = {"Basa Classical Tibetan"}, ["xcu"] = {"Basa Curonian"}, ["xcv"] = {"Basa Chuvantsy"}, ["xcw"] = {"Basa Coahuilteco"}, ["xcy"] = {"Basa Cayuse"}, ["xda"] = {"Basa Darkinyung"}, ["xdc"] = {"Basa Dacian"}, ["xdk"] = {"Basa Dharuk"}, ["xdm"] = {"Basa Edomite"}, ["xdo"] = {"Basa Kwandu"}, ["xdq"] = {"Basa Kaitag"}, ["xdy"] = {"Basa Malayic Dayak"}, ["xeb"] = {"Basa Eblan"}, ["xed"] = {"Basa Hdi"}, ["xeg"] = {"Basa ǁXegwi"}, ["xel"] = {"Basa Kelo"}, ["xem"] = {"Basa Kembayan"}, ["xep"] = {"Basa Epi-Olmec"}, ["xer"] = {"Basa Xerénte"}, ["xes"] = {"Basa Kesawai"}, ["xet"] = {"Basa Xetá"}, ["xeu"] = {"Basa Keoru-Ahia"}, ["xfa"] = {"Basa Faliscan"}, ["xga"] = {"Basa Galatian"}, ["xgb"] = {"Basa Gbin"}, ["xgd"] = {"Basa Gudang"}, ["xgf"] = {"Basa Gabrielino-Fernandeño"}, ["xgg"] = {"Basa Goreng"}, ["xgi"] = {"Basa Garingbal"}, ["xgl"] = {"Basa Galindan"}, ["xgm"] = {"Basa Dharumbal", "Basa Guwinmal"}, ["xgn"] = {"Rungkun basa Mongolia"}, ["xgr"] = {"Basa Garza"}, ["xgu"] = {"Basa Unggumi"}, ["xgw"] = {"Basa Guwa"}, ["xha"] = {"Basa Harami"}, ["xhc"] = {"Basa Hunnic"}, ["xhd"] = {"Basa Hadrami"}, ["xhe"] = {"Basa Khetrani"}, ["xhm"] = {"Basa Middle Khmer (1400 to 1850 CE)"}, ["xhr"] = {"Basa Hernican"}, ["xht"] = {"Basa Hattic"}, ["xhu"] = {"Basa Hurrian"}, ["xhv"] = {"Basa Khua"}, ["xib"] = {"Basa Iberian"}, ["xii"] = {"Basa Xiri"}, ["xil"] = {"Basa Illyrian"}, ["xin"] = {"Basa Xinca"}, ["xir"] = {"Basa Xiriâna"}, ["xis"] = {"Basa Kisan"}, ["xiv"] = {"Basa Indus Valley Language"}, ["xiy"] = {"Basa Xipaya"}, ["xjb"] = {"Basa Minjungbal"}, ["xjt"] = {"Basa Jaitmatang"}, ["xka"] = {"Basa Kalkoti"}, ["xkb"] = {"Basa Northern Nago"}, ["xkc"] = {"Basa Kho'ini"}, ["xkd"] = {"Basa Mendalam Kayan"}, ["xke"] = {"Basa Kereho"}, ["xkf"] = {"Basa Khengkha"}, ["xkg"] = {"Basa Kagoro"}, ["xki"] = {"Basa Isarat Kénya"}, ["xkj"] = {"Basa Kajali"}, ["xkk"] = {"Basa Kachok", "Basa Kaco'"}, ["xkl"] = {"Basa Mainstream Kenyah"}, ["xkn"] = {"Basa Kayan River Kayan"}, ["xko"] = {"Basa Kiorr"}, ["xkp"] = {"Basa Kabatei"}, ["xkq"] = {"Basa Koroni"}, ["xkr"] = {"Basa Xakriabá"}, ["xks"] = {"Basa Kumbewaha"}, ["xkt"] = {"Basa Kantosi"}, ["xku"] = {"Basa Kaamba"}, ["xkv"] = {"Basa Kgalagadi"}, ["xkw"] = {"Basa Kembra"}, ["xkx"] = {"Basa Karore"}, ["xky"] = {"Basa Uma' Lasan"}, ["xkz"] = {"Basa Kurtokha"}, ["xla"] = {"Basa Kamula"}, ["xlb"] = {"Basa Loup B"}, ["xlc"] = {"Basa Lycian"}, ["xld"] = {"Basa Lydian"}, ["xle"] = {"Basa Lemnian"}, ["xlg"] = {"Basa Ligurian (Ancient)"}, ["xli"] = {"Basa Liburnian"}, ["xln"] = {"Basa Alanic"}, ["xlo"] = {"Basa Loup A"}, ["xlp"] = {"Basa Lepontic"}, ["xls"] = {"Basa Lusitanian"}, ["xlu"] = {"Basa Cuneiform Luwian"}, ["xly"] = {"Basa Elymian"}, ["xma"] = {"Basa Mushungulu"}, ["xmb"] = {"Basa Mbonga"}, ["xmc"] = {"Basa Makhuwa-Marrevone"}, ["xmd"] = {"Basa Mbudum"}, ["xme"] = {"Basa Median"}, ["xmf"] = {"Basa Mingrelian"}, ["xmg"] = {"Basa Mengaka"}, ["xmh"] = {"Basa Kugu-Muminh"}, ["xmj"] = {"Basa Majera"}, ["xmk"] = {"Basa Ancient Macedonian"}, ["xml"] = {"Basa Isarat Malaysia"}, ["xmm"] = {"Basa Manado Malay"}, ["xmn"] = {"Basa Manichaean Middle Persian"}, ["xmo"] = {"Basa Morerebi"}, ["xmp"] = {"Basa Kuku-Mu'inh"}, ["xmq"] = {"Basa Kuku-Mangk"}, ["xmr"] = {"Basa Meroitic"}, ["xms"] = {"Basa Isarat Maroko"}, ["xmt"] = {"Basa Matbat"}, ["xmu"] = {"Basa Kamu"}, ["xmv"] = {"Basa Antankarana Malagasy", "Tankarana Malagasy"}, ["xmw"] = {"Basa Tsimihety Malagasy"}, ["xmx"] = {"Basa Salawati", "Maden"}, ["xmy"] = {"Basa Mayaguduna"}, ["xmz"] = {"Basa Mori Bawah"}, ["xna"] = {"Basa Ancient North Arabian"}, ["xnb"] = {"Basa Kanakanabu"}, ["xnd"] = {"Rungkun basa Na-Dene"}, ["xng"] = {"Basa Middle Mongolian"}, ["xnh"] = {"Basa Kuanhua"}, ["xni"] = {"Basa Ngarigu"}, ["xnj"] = {"Basa Ngoni (Tanzania)"}, ["xnk"] = {"Basa Nganakarti"}, ["xnm"] = {"Basa Ngumbarl"}, ["xnn"] = {"Basa Northern Kankanay"}, ["xno"] = {"Basa Anglo-Norman"}, ["xnq"] = {"Basa Ngoni (Mozambique)"}, ["xnr"] = {"Basa Kangri"}, ["xns"] = {"Basa Kanashi"}, ["xnt"] = {"Basa Narragansett"}, ["xnu"] = {"Basa Nukunul"}, ["xny"] = {"Basa Nyiyaparli"}, ["xnz"] = {"Basa Kenzi", "Mattoki"}, ["xoc"] = {"Basa O'chi'chi'"}, ["xod"] = {"Basa Kokoda"}, ["xog"] = {"Basa Soga"}, ["xoi"] = {"Basa Kominimung"}, ["xok"] = {"Basa Xokleng"}, ["xom"] = {"Basa Komo (Sudan)"}, ["xon"] = {"Basa Konkomba"}, ["xoo"] = {"Basa Xukurú"}, ["xop"] = {"Basa Kopar"}, ["xor"] = {"Basa Korubo"}, ["xow"] = {"Basa Kowaki"}, ["xpa"] = {"Basa Pirriya"}, ["xpb"] = {"Basa Northeastern Tasmanian", "Pyemmairrener"}, ["xpc"] = {"Basa Pecheneg"}, ["xpd"] = {"Basa Oyster Bay Tasmanian"}, ["xpe"] = {"Basa Liberia Kpelle"}, ["xpf"] = {"Basa Southeast Tasmanian", "Nuenonne"}, ["xpg"] = {"Basa Phrygian"}, ["xph"] = {"Basa North Midlands Tasmanian", "Tyerrenoterpanner"}, ["xpi"] = {"Basa Pictish"}, ["xpj"] = {"Basa Mpalitjanh"}, ["xpk"] = {"Basa Kulina Pano"}, ["xpl"] = {"Basa Port Sorell Tasmanian"}, ["xpm"] = {"Basa Pumpokol"}, ["xpn"] = {"Basa Kapinawá"}, ["xpo"] = {"Basa Pochutec"}, ["xpp"] = {"Basa Puyo-Paekche"}, ["xpq"] = {"Basa Mohegan-Pequot"}, ["xpr"] = {"Basa Parthian"}, ["xps"] = {"Basa Pisidian"}, ["xpt"] = {"Basa Punthamara"}, ["xpu"] = {"Basa Punic"}, ["xpv"] = {"Basa Northern Tasmanian", "Tommeginne"}, ["xpw"] = {"Basa Northwestern Tasmanian", "Peerapper"}, ["xpx"] = {"Basa Southwestern Tasmanian", "Toogee"}, ["xpy"] = {"Basa Puyo"}, ["xpz"] = {"Basa Bruny Island Tasmanian"}, ["xqa"] = {"Basa Karakhanid"}, ["xqt"] = {"Basa Qatabanian"}, ["xra"] = {"Basa Krahô"}, ["xrb"] = {"Basa Eastern Karaboro"}, ["xrd"] = {"Basa Gundungurra"}, ["xre"] = {"Basa Kreye"}, ["xrg"] = {"Basa Minang"}, ["xri"] = {"Basa Krikati-Timbira"}, ["xrm"] = {"Basa Armazic"}, ["xrn"] = {"Basa Arin"}, ["xrr"] = {"Basa Raetic"}, ["xrt"] = {"Basa Aranama-Tamique"}, ["xru"] = {"Basa Marriammu"}, ["xrw"] = {"Basa Karawa"}, ["xsa"] = {"Basa Sabaean"}, ["xsb"] = {"Basa Sambal"}, ["xsc"] = {"Basa Scythian"}, ["xsd"] = {"Basa Sidetic"}, ["xse"] = {"Basa Sempan"}, ["xsh"] = {"Basa Shamang"}, ["xsi"] = {"Basa Sio"}, ["xsj"] = {"Basa Subi"}, ["xsl"] = {"Basa South Slavey"}, ["xsm"] = {"Basa Kasem"}, ["xsn"] = {"Basa Sanga (Nigéria)"}, ["xso"] = {"Basa Solano"}, ["xsp"] = {"Basa Silopi"}, ["xsq"] = {"Basa Makhuwa-Saka"}, ["xsr"] = {"Basa Sherpa"}, ["xsu"] = {"Basa Sanumá"}, ["xsv"] = {"Basa Sudovian"}, ["xsy"] = {"Basa Saisiyat"}, ["xta"] = {"Basa Alcozauca Mixtec"}, ["xtb"] = {"Basa Chazumba Mixtec"}, ["xtc"] = {"Basa Katcha-Kadugli-Miri"}, ["xtd"] = {"Basa Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec"}, ["xte"] = {"Basa Ketengban"}, ["xtg"] = {"Basa Transalpine Gaulish"}, ["xth"] = {"Basa Yitha Yitha"}, ["xti"] = {"Basa Sinicahua Mixtec"}, ["xtj"] = {"Basa San Juan Teita Mixtec"}, ["xtl"] = {"Basa Tijaltepec Mixtec"}, ["xtm"] = {"Basa Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec"}, ["xtn"] = {"Basa Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["xto"] = {"Basa Tokharian A"}, ["xtp"] = {"Basa San Miguel Piedras Mixtec"}, ["xtq"] = {"Basa Tumshuqese"}, ["xtr"] = {"Basa Early Tripuri"}, ["xts"] = {"Basa Sindihui Mixtec"}, ["xtt"] = {"Basa Tacahua Mixtec"}, ["xtu"] = {"Basa Cuyamecalco Mixtec"}, ["xtv"] = {"Basa Thawa"}, ["xtw"] = {"Basa Tawandê"}, ["xty"] = {"Basa Yoloxochitl Mixtec"}, ["xua"] = {"Basa Alu Kurumba"}, ["xub"] = {"Basa Betta Kurumba"}, ["xud"] = {"Basa Umiida"}, ["xug"] = {"Basa Kunigami"}, ["xuj"] = {"Basa Jennu Kurumba"}, ["xul"] = {"Basa Ngunawal", "Nunukul"}, ["xum"] = {"Basa Umbrian"}, ["xun"] = {"Basa Unggaranggu"}, ["xuo"] = {"Basa Kuo"}, ["xup"] = {"Basa Upper Umpqua"}, ["xur"] = {"Basa Urartian"}, ["xut"] = {"Basa Kuthant"}, ["xuu"] = {"Basa Kxoe", "Khwedam"}, ["xve"] = {"Basa Venetic"}, ["xvi"] = {"Basa Kamviri"}, ["xvn"] = {"Basa Vandalic"}, ["xvo"] = {"Basa Volscian"}, ["xvs"] = {"Basa Vestinian"}, ["xwa"] = {"Basa Kwaza"}, ["xwc"] = {"Basa Woccon"}, ["xwd"] = {"Basa Wadi Wadi"}, ["xwe"] = {"Basa Xwela Gbe"}, ["xwg"] = {"Basa Kwegu"}, ["xwj"] = {"Basa Wajuk"}, ["xwk"] = {"Basa Wangkumara"}, ["xwl"] = {"Basa Western Xwla Gbe"}, ["xwo"] = {"Basa Written Oirat"}, ["xwr"] = {"Basa Kwerba Mamberamo"}, ["xwt"] = {"Basa Wotjobaluk"}, ["xww"] = {"Basa Wemba Wemba"}, ["xxb"] = {"Basa Boro (Ghana)"}, ["xxk"] = {"Basa Ke'o"}, ["xxm"] = {"Basa Minkin"}, ["xxr"] = {"Basa Koropó"}, ["xxt"] = {"Basa Tambora"}, ["xya"] = {"Basa Yaygir"}, ["xyb"] = {"Basa Yandjibara"}, ["xyj"] = {"Basa Mayi-Yapi"}, ["xyk"] = {"Basa Mayi-Kulan"}, ["xyl"] = {"Basa Yalakalore"}, ["xyt"] = {"Basa Mayi-Thakurti"}, ["xyy"] = {"Basa Yorta Yorta"}, ["xzh"] = {"Basa Zhang-Zhung"}, ["xzm"] = {"Basa Zemgalian"}, ["xzp"] = {"Basa Ancient Zapotec"}, ["yaa"] = {"Basa Yaminahua"}, ["yab"] = {"Basa Yuhup"}, ["yac"] = {"Basa Pass Valley Yali"}, ["yad"] = {"Basa Yagua"}, ["yae"] = {"Basa Pumé"}, ["yaf"] = {"Basa Yaka (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["yag"] = {"Basa Yámana"}, ["yah"] = {"Basa Yazgulyam"}, ["yai"] = {"Basa Yagnobi"}, ["yaj"] = {"Basa Banda-Yangere"}, ["yak"] = {"Basa Yakama"}, ["yal"] = {"Basa Yalunka"}, ["yam"] = {"Basa Yamba"}, ["yan"] = {"Basa Mayangna"}, ["yao"] = {"Basa Yao"}, ["yap"] = {"Basa Yapese"}, ["yaq"] = {"Basa Yaqui"}, ["yar"] = {"Basa Yabarana"}, ["yas"] = {"Basa Nugunu (Kamerun)"}, ["yat"] = {"Basa Yambeta"}, ["yau"] = {"Basa Yuwana"}, ["yav"] = {"Basa Yangben"}, ["yaw"] = {"Basa Yawalapití"}, ["yax"] = {"Basa Yauma"}, ["yay"] = {"Basa Agwagwune"}, ["yaz"] = {"Basa Lokaa"}, ["yba"] = {"Basa Yala"}, ["ybb"] = {"Basa Yemba"}, ["ybe"] = {"Basa West Yugur"}, ["ybh"] = {"Basa Yakha"}, ["ybi"] = {"Basa Yamphu"}, ["ybj"] = {"Basa Hasha"}, ["ybk"] = {"Basa Bokha"}, ["ybl"] = {"Basa Yukuben"}, ["ybm"] = {"Basa Yaben"}, ["ybn"] = {"Basa Yabaâna"}, ["ybo"] = {"Basa Yabong"}, ["ybx"] = {"Basa Yawiyo"}, ["yby"] = {"Basa Yaweyuha"}, ["ych"] = {"Basa Chesu"}, ["ycl"] = {"Basa Lolopo"}, ["ycn"] = {"Basa Yucuna"}, ["ycp"] = {"Basa Chepya"}, ["ycr"] = {"Basa Yilan Creole"}, ["yda"] = {"Basa Yanda"}, ["ydd"] = {"Basa Eastern Yiddish"}, ["yde"] = {"Basa Yangum Dey"}, ["ydg"] = {"Basa Yidgha"}, ["ydk"] = {"Basa Yoidik"}, ["yea"] = {"Basa Ravula"}, ["yec"] = {"Basa Yeniche"}, ["yee"] = {"Basa Yimas"}, ["yei"] = {"Basa Yeni"}, ["yej"] = {"Basa Yevanic"}, ["yel"] = {"Basa Yela"}, ["yer"] = {"Basa Tarok"}, ["yes"] = {"Basa Nyankpa"}, ["yet"] = {"Basa Yetfa"}, ["yeu"] = {"Basa Yerukula"}, ["yev"] = {"Basa Yapunda"}, ["yey"] = {"Basa Yeyi"}, ["yga"] = {"Basa Malyangapa"}, ["ygi"] = {"Basa Yiningayi"}, ["ygl"] = {"Basa Yangum Gel"}, ["ygm"] = {"Basa Yagomi"}, ["ygp"] = {"Basa Gepo"}, ["ygr"] = {"Basa Yagaria"}, ["ygs"] = {"Basa Isarat Yolŋu"}, ["ygu"] = {"Basa Yugul"}, ["ygw"] = {"Basa Yagwoia"}, ["yha"] = {"Basa Baha Buyang"}, ["yhd"] = {"Basa Arab Yahudi Irak"}, ["yhl"] = {"Basa Hlepho Phowa"}, ["yhs"] = {"Basa Isarat Yan-nhaŋu"}, ["yia"] = {"Basa Yinggarda"}, ["yif"] = {"Basa Ache"}, ["yig"] = {"Basa Wusa Nasu"}, ["yih"] = {"Basa Western Yiddish"}, ["yii"] = {"Basa Yidiny"}, ["yij"] = {"Basa Yindjibarndi"}, ["yik"] = {"Basa Dongshanba Lalo"}, ["yil"] = {"Basa Yindjilandji"}, ["yim"] = {"Basa Yimchungru Naga"}, ["yin"] = {"Basa Riang Lai", "Yinchia"}, ["yip"] = {"Basa Pholo"}, ["yiq"] = {"Basa Miqie"}, ["yir"] = {"Basa North Awyu"}, ["yis"] = {"Basa Yis"}, ["yit"] = {"Basa Eastern Lalu"}, ["yiu"] = {"Basa Awu"}, ["yiv"] = {"Basa Northern Nisu"}, ["yix"] = {"Basa Axi Yi"}, ["yiz"] = {"Basa Azhe"}, ["yka"] = {"Basa Yakan"}, ["ykg"] = {"Basa Northern Yukaghir"}, ["ykh"] = {"Basa Khamnigan Mongol"}, ["yki"] = {"Basa Yoke"}, ["ykk"] = {"Basa Yakaikeke"}, ["ykl"] = {"Basa Khlula"}, ["ykm"] = {"Basa Kap"}, ["ykn"] = {"Basa Kua-nsi"}, ["yko"] = {"Basa Iyasa", "Yasa"}, ["ykr"] = {"Basa Yekora"}, ["ykt"] = {"Basa Kathu"}, ["yku"] = {"Basa Kuamasi"}, ["yky"] = {"Basa Yakoma"}, ["yla"] = {"Basa Yaul"}, ["ylb"] = {"Basa Yaleba"}, ["yle"] = {"Basa Yele"}, ["ylg"] = {"Basa Yelogu"}, ["yli"] = {"Basa Angguruk Yali"}, ["yll"] = {"Basa Yil"}, ["ylm"] = {"Basa Limi"}, ["yln"] = {"Basa Langnian Buyang"}, ["ylo"] = {"Basa Naluo Yi"}, ["ylr"] = {"Basa Yalarnnga"}, ["ylu"] = {"Basa Aribwaung"}, ["yly"] = {"Basa Nyâlayu", "Nyelâyu"}, ["ymb"] = {"Basa Yambes"}, ["ymc"] = {"Basa Southern Muji"}, ["ymd"] = {"Basa Muda"}, ["yme"] = {"Basa Yameo"}, ["ymg"] = {"Basa Yamongeri"}, ["ymh"] = {"Basa Mili"}, ["ymi"] = {"Basa Moji"}, ["ymk"] = {"Basa Makwe"}, ["yml"] = {"Basa Iamalele"}, ["ymm"] = {"Basa Maay"}, ["ymn"] = {"Basa Yamna", "Sunum"}, ["ymo"] = {"Basa Yangum Mon"}, ["ymp"] = {"Basa Yamap"}, ["ymq"] = {"Basa Qila Muji"}, ["ymr"] = {"Basa Malasar"}, ["yms"] = {"Basa Mysian"}, ["ymx"] = {"Basa Northern Muji"}, ["ymz"] = {"Basa Muzi"}, ["yna"] = {"Basa Aluo"}, ["ynb"] = {"Basa Yamben"}, ["ynd"] = {"Basa Yandruwandha"}, ["yne"] = {"Basa Lang'e"}, ["yng"] = {"Basa Yango"}, ["ynk"] = {"Basa Naukan Yupik"}, ["ynl"] = {"Basa Yangulam"}, ["ynn"] = {"Basa Yana"}, ["yno"] = {"Basa Yong"}, ["ynq"] = {"Basa Yendang"}, ["yns"] = {"Basa Yansi"}, ["ynu"] = {"Basa Yahuna"}, ["yob"] = {"Basa Yoba"}, ["yog"] = {"Basa Yogad"}, ["yoi"] = {"Basa Yonaguni"}, ["yok"] = {"Basa Yokuts"}, ["yom"] = {"Basa Yombe"}, ["yon"] = {"Basa Yongkom"}, ["yot"] = {"Basa Yotti"}, ["yox"] = {"Basa Yoron"}, ["yoy"] = {"Basa Yoy"}, ["ypa"] = {"Basa Phala"}, ["ypb"] = {"Basa Labo Phowa"}, ["ypg"] = {"Basa Phola"}, ["yph"] = {"Basa Phupha"}, ["ypk"] = {"Rungkun basa Yupik"}, ["ypm"] = {"Basa Phuma"}, ["ypn"] = {"Basa Ani Phowa"}, ["ypo"] = {"Basa Alo Phola"}, ["ypp"] = {"Basa Phupa"}, ["ypz"] = {"Basa Phuza"}, ["yra"] = {"Basa Yerakai"}, ["yrb"] = {"Basa Yareba"}, ["yre"] = {"Basa Yaouré"}, ["yrk"] = {"Basa Nenets"}, ["yrl"] = {"Basa Nhengatu"}, ["yrm"] = {"Basa Yirrk-Mel"}, ["yrn"] = {"Basa Yerong"}, ["yro"] = {"Basa Yaroamë"}, ["yrs"] = {"Basa Yarsun"}, ["yrw"] = {"Basa Yarawata"}, ["yry"] = {"Basa Yarluyandi"}, ["ysc"] = {"Basa Yassic"}, ["ysd"] = {"Basa Samatao"}, ["ysg"] = {"Basa Sonaga"}, ["ysl"] = {"Basa Isarat Yugoslavia"}, ["ysm"] = {"Basa Isarat Myanmar"}, ["ysn"] = {"Basa Sani"}, ["yso"] = {"Basa Nisi (China)"}, ["ysp"] = {"Basa Southern Lolopo"}, ["ysr"] = {"Basa Sirenik Yupik"}, ["yss"] = {"Basa Yessan-Mayo"}, ["ysy"] = {"Basa Sanie"}, ["yta"] = {"Basa Talu"}, ["ytl"] = {"Basa Tanglang"}, ["ytp"] = {"Basa Thopho"}, ["ytw"] = {"Basa Yout Wam"}, ["yty"] = {"Basa Yatay"}, ["yua"] = {"Basa Yucateco", "Yucatec Maya"}, ["yub"] = {"Basa Yugambal"}, ["yuc"] = {"Basa Yuchi"}, ["yud"] = {"Basa Arab Yahudi Tripoli"}, ["yue"] = {"Basa Yue Chinese", "Cantonese"}, ["yuf"] = {"Basa Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai"}, ["yug"] = {"Basa Yug"}, ["yui"] = {"Basa Yurutí"}, ["yuj"] = {"Basa Karkar-Yuri"}, ["yuk"] = {"Basa Yuki"}, ["yul"] = {"Basa Yulu"}, ["yum"] = {"Basa Quechan"}, ["yun"] = {"Basa Bena (Nigéria)"}, ["yup"] = {"Basa Yukpa"}, ["yuq"] = {"Basa Yuqui"}, ["yur"] = {"Basa Yurok"}, ["yut"] = {"Basa Yopno"}, ["yuw"] = {"Basa Yau (Morobe Province)"}, ["yux"] = {"Basa Southern Yukaghir"}, ["yuy"] = {"Basa East Yugur"}, ["yuz"] = {"Basa Yuracare"}, ["yva"] = {"Basa Yawa"}, ["yvt"] = {"Basa Yavitero"}, ["ywa"] = {"Basa Kalou"}, ["ywg"] = {"Basa Yinhawangka"}, ["ywl"] = {"Basa Western Lalu"}, ["ywn"] = {"Basa Yawanawa"}, ["ywq"] = {"Basa Wuding-Luquan Yi"}, ["ywr"] = {"Basa Yawuru"}, ["ywt"] = {"Basa Xishanba Lalo", "Central Lalo"}, ["ywu"] = {"Basa Wumeng Nasu"}, ["yww"] = {"Basa Yawarawarga"}, ["yxa"] = {"Basa Mayawali"}, ["yxg"] = {"Basa Yagara"}, ["yxl"] = {"Basa Yardliyawarra"}, ["yxm"] = {"Basa Yinwum"}, ["yxu"] = {"Basa Yuyu"}, ["yxy"] = {"Basa Yabula Yabula"}, ["yyr"] = {"Basa Yir Yoront"}, ["yyu"] = {"Basa Yau (Sandaun Province)"}, ["yyz"] = {"Basa Ayizi"}, ["yzg"] = {"Basa E'ma Buyang"}, ["yzk"] = {"Basa Zokhuo"}, ["zaa"] = {"Basa Sierra de Juárez Zapotec"}, ["zab"] = {"Basa Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec", "San Juan Guelavía Zapotec"}, ["zac"] = {"Basa Ocotlán Zapotec"}, ["zad"] = {"Basa Cajonos Zapotec"}, ["zae"] = {"Basa Yareni Zapotec"}, ["zaf"] = {"Basa Ayoquesco Zapotec"}, ["zag"] = {"Basa Zaghawa"}, ["zah"] = {"Basa Zangwal"}, ["zai"] = {"Basa Isthmus Zapotec"}, ["zaj"] = {"Basa Zaramo"}, ["zak"] = {"Basa Zanaki"}, ["zal"] = {"Basa Zauzou"}, ["zam"] = {"Basa Miahuatlán Zapotec"}, ["zao"] = {"Basa Ozolotepec Zapotec"}, ["zap"] = {"Basa Zapotec"}, ["zaq"] = {"Basa Aloápam Zapotec"}, ["zar"] = {"Basa Rincón Zapotec"}, ["zas"] = {"Basa Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["zat"] = {"Basa Tabaa Zapotec"}, ["zau"] = {"Basa Zangskari"}, ["zav"] = {"Basa Yatzachi Zapotec"}, ["zaw"] = {"Basa Mitla Zapotec"}, ["zax"] = {"Basa Xadani Zapotec"}, ["zay"] = {"Basa Zayse-Zergulla", "Zaysete"}, ["zaz"] = {"Basa Zari"}, ["zba"] = {"Basa Balaibalan"}, ["zbc"] = {"Basa Central Berawan"}, ["zbe"] = {"Basa East Berawan"}, ["zbl"] = {"Basa Blissymbols", "Bliss", "Blissymbolics"}, ["zbt"] = {"Basa Batui"}, ["zbu"] = {"Basa Bu (Bauchi State)"}, ["zbw"] = {"Basa West Berawan"}, ["zca"] = {"Basa Coatecas Altas Zapotec"}, ["zcd"] = {"Basa Las Delicias Zapotec"}, ["zch"] = {"Basa Central Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zdj"] = {"Basa Ngazidja Comorian"}, ["zea"] = {"Basa Zeeuws"}, ["zeg"] = {"Basa Zenag"}, ["zeh"] = {"Basa Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zem"] = {"Basa Zeem"}, ["zen"] = {"Basa Zenaga"}, ["zga"] = {"Basa Kinga"}, ["zgb"] = {"Basa Guibei Zhuang"}, ["zgh"] = {"Basa Standard Moroccan Tamazight"}, ["zgm"] = {"Basa Minz Zhuang"}, ["zgn"] = {"Basa Guibian Zhuang"}, ["zgr"] = {"Basa Magori"}, ["zhb"] = {"Basa Zhaba"}, ["zhd"] = {"Basa Dai Zhuang"}, ["zhi"] = {"Basa Zhire"}, ["zhk"] = {"Basa Isarat Kurdi"}, ["zhn"] = {"Basa Nong Zhuang"}, ["zhw"] = {"Basa Zhoa"}, ["zhx"] = {"Basa Tionghoa (kulawarga)"}, ["zia"] = {"Basa Zia"}, ["zib"] = {"Basa Isarat Zimbabwé"}, ["zik"] = {"Basa Zimakani"}, ["zil"] = {"Basa Zialo"}, ["zim"] = {"Basa Mesme"}, ["zin"] = {"Basa Zinza"}, ["ziw"] = {"Basa Zigula"}, ["ziz"] = {"Basa Zizilivakan"}, ["zka"] = {"Basa Kaimbulawa"}, ["zkd"] = {"Basa Kadu"}, ["zkg"] = {"Basa Koguryo"}, ["zkh"] = {"Basa Khorezmian"}, ["zkk"] = {"Basa Karankawa"}, ["zkn"] = {"Basa Kanan"}, ["zko"] = {"Basa Kott"}, ["zkp"] = {"Basa São Paulo Kaingáng"}, ["zkr"] = {"Basa Zakhring"}, ["zkt"] = {"Basa Kitan"}, ["zku"] = {"Basa Kaurna"}, ["zkv"] = {"Basa Krevinian"}, ["zkz"] = {"Basa Khazar"}, ["zla"] = {"Basa Zula"}, ["zle"] = {"Rungkun basa Slavia Wétan"}, ["zlj"] = {"Basa Liujiang Zhuang"}, ["zlm"] = {"Basa Malay (individual language)"}, ["zln"] = {"Basa Lianshan Zhuang"}, ["zlq"] = {"Basa Liuqian Zhuang"}, ["zls"] = {"Rungkun basa Slavia Kidul"}, ["zlu"] = {"Basa Zul"}, ["zlw"] = {"Rungkun basa Slavia Kulon"}, ["zma"] = {"Basa Manda (Australia)"}, ["zmb"] = {"Basa Zimba"}, ["zmc"] = {"Basa Margany"}, ["zmd"] = {"Basa Maridan"}, ["zme"] = {"Basa Mangerr"}, ["zmf"] = {"Basa Mfinu"}, ["zmg"] = {"Basa Marti Ke"}, ["zmh"] = {"Basa Makolkol"}, ["zmi"] = {"Basa Negeri Sembilan Malay"}, ["zmj"] = {"Basa Maridjabin"}, ["zmk"] = {"Basa Mandandanyi"}, ["zml"] = {"Basa Matngala"}, ["zmm"] = {"Basa Marimanindji", "Marramaninyshi"}, ["zmn"] = {"Basa Mbangwe"}, ["zmo"] = {"Basa Molo"}, ["zmp"] = {"Basa Mbuun"}, ["zmq"] = {"Basa Mituku"}, ["zmr"] = {"Basa Maranunggu"}, ["zms"] = {"Basa Mbesa"}, ["zmt"] = {"Basa Maringarr"}, ["zmu"] = {"Basa Muruwari"}, ["zmv"] = {"Basa Mbariman-Gudhinma"}, ["zmw"] = {"Basa Mbo (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["zmx"] = {"Basa Bomitaba"}, ["zmy"] = {"Basa Mariyedi"}, ["zmz"] = {"Basa Mbandja"}, ["zna"] = {"Basa Zan Gula"}, ["znd"] = {"Rungkun basa Zande"}, ["zne"] = {"Basa Zande (basa individu)"}, ["zng"] = {"Basa Mang"}, ["znk"] = {"Basa Manangkari"}, ["zns"] = {"Basa Mangas"}, ["zoc"] = {"Basa Copainalá Zoque"}, ["zoh"] = {"Basa Chimalapa Zoque"}, ["zom"] = {"Basa Zou"}, ["zoo"] = {"Basa Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zoq"] = {"Basa Tabasco Zoque"}, ["zor"] = {"Basa Rayón Zoque"}, ["zos"] = {"Basa Francisco León Zoque"}, ["zpa"] = {"Basa Lachiguiri Zapotec"}, ["zpb"] = {"Basa Yautepec Zapotec"}, ["zpc"] = {"Basa Choapan Zapotec"}, ["zpd"] = {"Basa Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec"}, ["zpe"] = {"Basa Petapa Zapotec"}, ["zpf"] = {"Basa San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec"}, ["zpg"] = {"Basa Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec"}, ["zph"] = {"Basa Totomachapan Zapotec"}, ["zpi"] = {"Basa Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec"}, ["zpj"] = {"Basa Quiavicuzas Zapotec"}, ["zpk"] = {"Basa Tlacolulita Zapotec"}, ["zpl"] = {"Basa Lachixío Zapotec"}, ["zpm"] = {"Basa Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zpn"] = {"Basa Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec"}, ["zpo"] = {"Basa Amatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpp"] = {"Basa El Alto Zapotec"}, ["zpq"] = {"Basa Zoogocho Zapotec"}, ["zpr"] = {"Basa Santiago Xanica Zapotec"}, ["zps"] = {"Basa Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpt"] = {"Basa San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpu"] = {"Basa Yalálag Zapotec"}, ["zpv"] = {"Basa Chichicapan Zapotec"}, ["zpw"] = {"Basa Zaniza Zapotec"}, ["zpx"] = {"Basa San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["zpy"] = {"Basa Mazaltepec Zapotec"}, ["zpz"] = {"Basa Texmelucan Zapotec"}, ["zqe"] = {"Basa Qiubei Zhuang"}, ["zra"] = {"Basa Kara (Korea)"}, ["zrg"] = {"Basa Mirgan"}, ["zrn"] = {"Basa Zerenkel"}, ["zro"] = {"Basa Záparo"}, ["zrp"] = {"Basa Zarphatic"}, ["zrs"] = {"Basa Mairasi"}, ["zsa"] = {"Basa Sarasira"}, ["zsk"] = {"Basa Kaskean"}, ["zsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Zambia"}, ["zsm"] = {"Basa Standard Malay"}, ["zsr"] = {"Basa Southern Rincon Zapotec"}, ["zsu"] = {"Basa Sukurum"}, ["zte"] = {"Basa Elotepec Zapotec"}, ["ztg"] = {"Basa Xanaguía Zapotec"}, ["ztl"] = {"Basa Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec"}, ["ztm"] = {"Basa San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["ztn"] = {"Basa Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["ztp"] = {"Basa Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["ztq"] = {"Basa Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec"}, ["zts"] = {"Basa Tilquiapan Zapotec"}, ["ztt"] = {"Basa Tejalapan Zapotec"}, ["ztu"] = {"Basa Güilá Zapotec"}, ["ztx"] = {"Basa Zaachila Zapotec"}, ["zty"] = {"Basa Yatee Zapotec"}, ["zuh"] = {"Basa Tokano"}, ["zum"] = {"Basa Kumzari"}, ["zun"] = {"Basa Zuni"}, ["zuy"] = {"Basa Zumaya"}, ["zwa"] = {"Basa Zay"}, ["zxx"] = {"Basa No linguistic content", "Not applicable"}, ["zyb"] = {"Basa Yongbei Zhuang"}, ["zyg"] = {"Basa Yang Zhuang"}, ["zyj"] = {"Basa Youjiang Zhuang"}, ["zyn"] = {"Basa Yongnan Zhuang"}, ["zyp"] = {"Basa Zyphe Chin"}, ["zza"] = {"Basa Zaza", "Dimili", "Dimli (macrolanguage)", "Kirdki", "Kirmanjki (macrolanguage)", "Zazaki"}, ["zzj"] = {"Basa Zuojiang Zhuang"} } local deprecated = { ["bh"] = {"Rungkun basa Bihari"}, ["in"] = {"Basa Indonésia"}, ["iw"] = {"Basa Ibrani"}, ["ji"] = {"Basa Yiddi"}, ["jw"] = {"Basa Jawa"}, ["mo"] = {"Basa Moldavia", "basa Moldova"}, ["aam"] = {"Basa Aram"}, ["adp"] = {"Basa Adap"}, ["agp"] = {"Basa Paranan"}, ["ais"] = {"Basa Nataoran Amis"}, ["ajp"] = {"Basa Arab Levant Kidul"}, ["ajt"] = {"Basa Aran Yahudi Tunisia"}, ["aoh"] = {"Basa Arma"}, ["asd"] = {"Basa Asas"}, ["aue"] = {"Basa ǂKxʼauǁʼein"}, ["ayx"] = {"Basa Ayi (China)"}, ["ayy"] = {"Basa Tayabas Ayta"}, ["baz"] = {"Basa Tunen"}, ["bbz"] = {"Basa Arab Kreol Babalia"}, ["bgm"] = {"Basa Baga Mboteni"}, ["bhk"] = {"Basa Albay Bicolano"}, ["bic"] = {"Basa Bikaru"}, ["bij"] = {"Basa Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri"}, ["bjd"] = {"Basa Bandjigali"}, ["bjq"] = {"Basa Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bkb"] = {"Basa Finallig"}, ["blg"] = {"Basa Balau"}, ["bmy"] = {"Basa Bemba (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["bpb"] = {"Basa Barbacoas"}, ["btb"] = {"Basa Beti (Kamerun)"}, ["btl"] = {"Basa Bhatola"}, ["bxx"] = {"Basa Borna (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["byy"] = {"Basa Buya"}, ["cbe"] = {"Basa Chipiajes"}, ["cbh"] = {"Basa Cagua"}, ["cca"] = {"Basa Cauca"}, ["ccq"] = {"Basa Chaungtha"}, ["cdg"] = {"Basa Chamari"}, ["cjr"] = {"Basa Chorotega"}, ["cka"] = {"Basa Khumi Awa Chin"}, ["cmk"] = {"Basa Chimakum"}, ["coy"] = {"Basa Coyaima"}, ["cqu"] = {"Basa Chilean Quechua"}, ["cug"] = {"Basa Chungmboko", "Cung"}, ["cum"] = {"Basa Cumeral"}, ["daf"] = {"Basa Dan"}, ["dap"] = {"Basa Nisi (India)"}, ["dek"] = {"Basa Dek"}, ["dgu"] = {"Basa Degaru"}, ["dha"] = {"Basa Dhanwar (India)"}, ["dit"] = {"Basa Dirari"}, ["djl"] = {"Basa Djiwarli"}, ["dkl"] = {"Basa Kolum So Dogon"}, ["drh"] = {"Basa Darkhat"}, ["drr"] = {"Basa Dororo"}, ["drw"] = {"Basa Darwazi"}, ["dud"] = {"Basa Hun-Saare"}, ["duj"] = {"Basa Dhuwal"}, ["dwl"] = {"Basa Walo Kumbe Dogon"}, ["ekc"] = {"Basa Eastern Karnic"}, ["elp"] = {"Basa Elpaputih"}, ["emo"] = {"Basa Emok"}, ["gav"] = {"Basa Gabutamon"}, ["gbc"] = {"Basa Garawa"}, ["gfx"] = {"Basa Mangetti Dune ǃXung"}, ["ggn"] = {"Basa Eastern Gurung"}, ["ggo"] = {"Basa Southern Gondi"}, ["ggr"] = {"Basa Aghu Tharnggalu"}, ["gio"] = {"Basa Gelao"}, ["gji"] = {"Basa Geji"}, ["gli"] = {"Basa Guliguli"}, ["gti"] = {"Basa Gbati-ri"}, ["guv"] = {"Basa Gey"}, ["hrr"] = {"Basa Horuru"}, ["iap"] = {"Basa Iapama"}, ["ibi"] = {"Basa Ibilo"}, ["ill"] = {"Basa Iranun"}, ["ilw"] = {"Basa Talur"}, ["ime"] = {"Basa Imeraguen"}, ["izi"] = {"Basa Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo"}, ["jar"] = {"Basa Jarawa (Nigéria)"}, ["jeg"] = {"Basa Jeng"}, ["kbf"] = {"Basa Kakauhua"}, ["kdv"] = {"Basa Kado"}, ["kgc"] = {"Basa Kasseng"}, ["kgd"] = {"Basa Kataang"}, ["kgh"] = {"Basa Upper Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kgm"] = {"Basa Karipúna"}, ["kjf"] = {"Basa Khalaj [Indo-Iranian]"}, ["koj"] = {"Basa Sara Dunjo"}, ["kox"] = {"Basa Coxima"}, ["kpp"] = {"Basa Paku Karen"}, ["krm"] = {"Basa Krim"}, ["ksa"] = {"Basa Shuwa-Zamani"}, ["ktr"] = {"Basa Kota Marudu Tinagas"}, ["kvs"] = {"Basa Kunggara"}, ["kwq"] = {"Basa Kwak"}, ["kxe"] = {"Basa Kakihum"}, ["kxl"] = {"Basa Nepali Kurux"}, ["kxu"] = {"Basa Kui (India)"}, ["kzh"] = {"Basa Kenuzi-Dongola"}, ["kzj"] = {"Basa Coastal Kadazan"}, ["kzt"] = {"Basa Tambunan Dusun"}, ["lak"] = {"Basa Laka (Nigéria)"}, ["lba"] = {"Basa Lui"}, ["leg"] = {"Basa Lengua"}, ["lii"] = {"Basa Lingkhim"}, ["llo"] = {"Basa Khlor"}, ["lmm"] = {"Basa Lamam"}, ["lmz"] = {"Basa Lumbee"}, ["lno"] = {"Basa Lango (Sudan Kidul)"}, ["lsg"] = {"Basa Isarat Lyons"}, ["meg"] = {"Basa Mea"}, ["mgx"] = {"Basa Omati"}, ["mhh"] = {"Basa Maskoy Pidgin"}, ["mja"] = {"Basa Mahei"}, ["mld"] = {"Basa Malakhel"}, ["mnt"] = {"Basa Maykulan"}, ["mof"] = {"Basa Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett"}, ["mst"] = {"Basa Cataelano Mandaya"}, ["mvm"] = {"Basa Muya"}, ["mwd"] = {"Basa Mudbura"}, ["mwj"] = {"Basa Maligo"}, ["mwx"] = {"Basa Mediak"}, ["mwy"] = {"Basa Mosiro"}, ["myd"] = {"Basa Maramba"}, ["myi"] = {"Basa Mina (India)"}, ["myq"] = {"Basa Forest Maninka"}, ["myt"] = {"Basa Sangab Mandaya"}, ["nad"] = {"Basa Nijadali"}, ["nbf"] = {"Basa Naxi"}, ["nbx"] = {"Basa Ngura"}, ["ncp"] = {"Basa Ndaktup"}, ["ngo"] = {"Basa Ngoni"}, ["nln"] = {"Basa Durango Nahuatl"}, ["nlr"] = {"Basa Ngarla"}, ["nns"] = {"Basa Ningye"}, ["nnx"] = {"Basa Ngong"}, ["nom"] = {"Basa Nocamán"}, ["noo"] = {"Basa Nootka"}, ["nte"] = {"Basa Nathembo"}, ["nts"] = {"Basa Natagaimas"}, ["nxu"] = {"Basa Narau"}, ["ome"] = {"Basa Omejes"}, ["oun"] = {"Basa ǃOǃung"}, ["pat"] = {"Basa Papitalai"}, ["pbz"] = {"Basa Palu"}, ["pcr"] = {"Basa Panang"}, ["pgy"] = {"Basa Pongyong"}, ["pii"] = {"Basa Pini"}, ["plj"] = {"Basa Polci"}, ["plp"] = {"Basa Palpa"}, ["pmc"] = {"Basa Palumata"}, ["pmk"] = {"Basa Pamlico"}, ["pmu"] = {"Basa Mirpur Panjabi"}, ["pod"] = {"Basa Ponares"}, ["ppa"] = {"Basa Pao"}, ["ppr"] = {"Basa Piru"}, ["prb"] = {"Basa Lua'"}, ["prp"] = {"Basa Parsi"}, ["pry"] = {"Basa Pray 3"}, ["puk"] = {"Basa Pu Ko"}, ["puz"] = {"Basa Purum Naga"}, ["rie"] = {"Basa Rien"}, ["rmr"] = {"Basa Caló"}, ["rna"] = {"Basa Runa"}, ["rsi"] = {"Basa Isarat Rennell"}, ["sap"] = {"Basa Sanapaná"}, ["sca"] = {"Basa Sansu"}, ["sdm"] = {"Basa Semandang"}, ["sgl"] = {"Basa Sanglechi-Ishkashimi"}, ["sgo"] = {"Basa Songa"}, ["skk"] = {"Basa Sok"}, ["slq"] = {"Basa Salchuq"}, ["smd"] = {"Basa Sama"}, ["snb"] = {"Basa Sebuyau"}, ["snh"] = {"Basa Shinabo"}, ["sul"] = {"Basa Surigaonon"}, ["sum"] = {"Basa Sumo-Mayangna"}, ["svr"] = {"Basa Savara"}, ["szd"] = {"Basa Seru"}, ["tbb"] = {"Basa Tapeba"}, ["tdu"] = {"Basa Tempasuk Dusun"}, ["tgg"] = {"Basa Tangga"}, ["thc"] = {"Basa Tai Hang Tong"}, ["thw"] = {"Basa Thudam"}, ["thx"] = {"Basa The"}, ["tid"] = {"Basa Tidong"}, ["tie"] = {"Basa Tingal"}, ["tkk"] = {"Basa Takpa"}, ["tlw"] = {"Basa South Wemale"}, ["tmk"] = {"Basa Northwestern Tamang"}, ["tmp"] = {"Basa Tai Mène"}, ["tne"] = {"Basa Tinoc Kallahan"}, ["tnf"] = {"Basa Tangshewi"}, ["toe"] = {"Basa Tomedes"}, ["tpw"] = {"Basa Tupí"}, ["tsf"] = {"Basa Southwestern Tamang"}, ["unp"] = {"Basa Worora"}, ["uok"] = {"Basa Uokha"}, ["uun"] = {"Basa Kulon-Pazeh"}, ["vki"] = {"Basa Ija-Zuba"}, ["wgw"] = {"Basa Wagawaga"}, ["wit"] = {"Basa Wintu"}, ["wiw"] = {"Basa Wirangu"}, ["wra"] = {"Basa Warapu"}, ["wrd"] = {"Basa Warduji"}, ["wya"] = {"Basa Wyandot"}, ["xba"] = {"Basa Kamba (Brasil)"}, ["xbx"] = {"Basa Kabixí"}, ["xia"] = {"Basa Xiandao"}, ["xip"] = {"Basa Xipináwa"}, ["xkh"] = {"Basa Karahawyana"}, ["xrq"] = {"Basa Karranga"}, ["xss"] = {"Basa Assan"}, ["xtz"] = {"Basa Tasmania"}, ["ybd"] = {"Basa Yangbye"}, ["yds"] = {"Basa Isarat Yiddi"}, ["yen"] = {"Basa Yendang"}, ["yiy"] = {"Basa Yir Yoront"}, ["yma"] = {"Basa Yamphe"}, ["ymt"] = {"Basa Mator-Taygi-Karagas"}, ["ynh"] = {"Basa Yangho"}, ["yol"] = {"Basa Yola"}, ["yos"] = {"Basa Yos"}, ["yri"] = {"Basa Yarí"}, ["yuu"] = {"Basa Yugh"}, ["zir"] = {"Basa Ziriya"}, ["zkb"] = {"Basa Koibal"}, ["zua"] = {"Basa Zeem"} } return { active = active, deprecated = deprecated, } f9rentwmxav9tfjzbl1rqhlvp6dvmzi 730030 730024 2026-10-08T18:17:21Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mupusan préfiks 'Basa' 730030 Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2026-06-14 local active = { ["aa"] = {"Afar"}, ["ab"] = {"Abkhaz"}, ["ae"] = {"Avestan"}, ["af"] = {"Afrikaans"}, ["ak"] = {"Akan"}, ["am"] = {"Amhar"}, ["an"] = {"Aragon"}, ["ar"] = {"Arab"}, ["as"] = {"Assam"}, ["av"] = {"Avar"}, ["ay"] = {"Aymara"}, ["az"] = {"Azerbaijan"}, ["ba"] = {"Bashkir"}, ["be"] = {"Bélarusia"}, ["bg"] = {"Bulgaria"}, ["bi"] = {"Bislama"}, ["bm"] = {"Bambara"}, ["bn"] = {"Bengali", "Basa Bangla"}, ["bo"] = {"Tibét"}, ["br"] = {"Bréton"}, ["bs"] = {"Bosnia"}, ["ca"] = {"Katalan", "Basa Valensia"}, ["ce"] = {"Chéchnya"}, ["ch"] = {"Chamorro"}, ["co"] = {"Korsika"}, ["cr"] = {"Kree"}, ["cs"] = {"Céko"}, ["cu"] = {"Slavonik Garéjawi", "Slavonik Garéjawi", "Basa Bulgaria Kuna", "Basa Slavonik Garéjawi Kuna", "Basa Slavonik Kuna"}, ["cv"] = {"Chuvash"}, ["cy"] = {"Wales"}, ["da"] = {"Dénmark"}, ["de"] = {"Jérman"}, ["dv"] = {"Dhivehi", "Basa Divehi", "Basa Maldéwa"}, ["dz"] = {"Dzongkha"}, ["ee"] = {"Ewe"}, ["el"] = {"Yunani Modérn (1453-)"}, ["en"] = {"Inggris"}, ["eo"] = {"Ésperanto"}, ["es"] = {"Spanyol", "Basa Kastilia"}, ["et"] = {"Éstonia"}, ["eu"] = {"Baska"}, ["fa"] = {"Pérsia"}, ["ff"] = {"Fula"}, ["fi"] = {"Finlandia"}, ["fj"] = {"Fiji"}, ["fo"] = {"Faroe"}, ["fr"] = {"Prancis"}, ["fy"] = {"Frisia Kulon"}, ["ga"] = {"Irlandia"}, ["gd"] = {"Gaélik Skotlandia", "Basa Gaélik"}, ["gl"] = {"Galisia"}, ["gn"] = {"Guarani"}, ["gu"] = {"Gujarat"}, ["gv"] = {"Manx"}, ["ha"] = {"Hausa"}, ["he"] = {"Ibrani"}, ["hi"] = {"Hindi"}, ["ho"] = {"Hiri Motu"}, ["hr"] = {"Kroasia"}, ["ht"] = {"Haiti", "Basa Kréol Haiti"}, ["hu"] = {"Hungaria"}, ["hy"] = {"Arménia"}, ["hz"] = {"Herero"}, ["ia"] = {"Interlingua"}, ["id"] = {"Indonésia"}, ["ie"] = {"Interlingue", "Basa Oksidéntal"}, ["ig"] = {"Igbo"}, ["ii"] = {"Sichuan Yi", "Basa Nuosu"}, ["ik"] = {"Inupiaq"}, ["io"] = {"Ido"}, ["is"] = {"Islandia"}, ["it"] = {"Italia"}, ["iu"] = {"Inuktitut"}, ["ja"] = {"Jepang"}, ["jv"] = {"Jawa"}, ["ka"] = {"Géorgia"}, ["kg"] = {"Kongo"}, ["ki"] = {"Kikuyu", "Basa Gikuyu"}, ["kj"] = {"Kuanyama", "Basa Kwanyama"}, ["kk"] = {"Kazakh"}, ["kl"] = {"Kalaallisut", "Basa Greenland"}, ["km"] = {"Khmer", "Basa Khmer Tengah"}, ["kn"] = {"Kannada"}, ["ko"] = {"Koréa"}, ["kr"] = {"Kanuri"}, ["ks"] = {"Kashmir"}, ["ku"] = {"Kurdi"}, ["kv"] = {"Komi"}, ["kw"] = {"Kernowek"}, ["ky"] = {"Kirgiz"}, ["la"] = {"Latin"}, ["lb"] = {"Luksemburg"}, ["lg"] = {"Ganda", "Basa Luganda"}, ["li"] = {"Limburg"}, ["ln"] = {"Lingala"}, ["lo"] = {"Lao"}, ["lt"] = {"Lituania"}, ["lu"] = {"Luba Katanga"}, ["lv"] = {"Latvia"}, ["mg"] = {"Malagasi"}, ["mh"] = {"Marshall"}, ["mi"] = {"Maori"}, ["mk"] = {"Makédonia"}, ["ml"] = {"Malayalam"}, ["mn"] = {"Mongolia"}, ["mr"] = {"Marathi"}, ["ms"] = {"Malayu"}, ["mt"] = {"Malta"}, ["my"] = {"Burma"}, ["na"] = {"Nauru"}, ["nb"] = {"Norwégia Bokmål"}, ["nd"] = {"Ndebele Kalér"}, ["ne"] = {"Népal"}, ["ng"] = {"Ndonga"}, ["nl"] = {"Walanda", "Basa Flemish"}, ["nn"] = {"Norwégia Nynorsk"}, ["no"] = {"Norwégia"}, ["nr"] = {"Ndebele Kidul"}, ["nv"] = {"Navajo", "Basa Navaho"}, ["ny"] = {"Chichewa", "Basa Chewa", "Basa Nyanja"}, ["oc"] = {"Oksitan"}, ["oj"] = {"Ojibwe"}, ["om"] = {"Oromo"}, ["or"] = {"Oriya", "Odia"}, ["os"] = {"Ossétia Iron", "Basa Iron", "Basa Ossétia"}, ["pa"] = {"Punjab", "Basa Panjab"}, ["pi"] = {"Pali"}, ["pl"] = {"Polandia"}, ["ps"] = {"Pushto", "Basa Pashto"}, ["pt"] = {"Portugis"}, ["qu"] = {"Quechua"}, ["rm"] = {"Romansh"}, ["rn"] = {"Rundi"}, ["ro"] = {"Romania", "Basa Moldavia", "Basa Moldova"}, ["ru"] = {"Rusia"}, ["rw"] = {"Kinyarwanda"}, ["sa"] = {"Sangsekerta"}, ["sc"] = {"Sardinia"}, ["sd"] = {"Sindh"}, ["se"] = {"Sami Kalér"}, ["sg"] = {"Sango"}, ["sh"] = {"Sérbo-Kroasia"}, ["si"] = {"Sinhala"}, ["sk"] = {"Slovakia"}, ["sl"] = {"Slovénia"}, ["sm"] = {"Samoa"}, ["sn"] = {"Shona"}, ["so"] = {"Somali"}, ["sq"] = {"Albania"}, ["sr"] = {"Sérbia"}, ["ss"] = {"Swati"}, ["st"] = {"Sotho Kidul"}, ["su"] = {"Sunda"}, ["sv"] = {"Swédia"}, ["sw"] = {"Swahili"}, ["ta"] = {"Tamil"}, ["te"] = {"Telugu"}, ["tg"] = {"Tajik"}, ["th"] = {"Thai"}, ["ti"] = {"Tigrinya"}, ["tk"] = {"Turkmén"}, ["tl"] = {"Tagalog"}, ["tn"] = {"Tswana"}, ["to"] = {"Tonga"}, ["tr"] = {"Turki"}, ["ts"] = {"Tsonga"}, ["tt"] = {"Tatar"}, ["tw"] = {"Twi"}, ["ty"] = {"Tahiti"}, ["ug"] = {"Uighur", "Basa Uyghur"}, ["uk"] = {"Ukraina"}, ["ur"] = {"Urdu"}, ["uz"] = {"Uzbék"}, ["ve"] = {"Vénda"}, ["vi"] = {"Viétnam"}, ["vo"] = {"Volapük"}, ["wa"] = {"Walonia"}, ["wo"] = {"Wolof"}, ["xh"] = {"Xhosa"}, ["yi"] = {"Yiddi"}, ["yo"] = {"Yoruba"}, ["za"] = {"Zhuang", "Basa Chuang"}, ["zh"] = {"Tionghoa"}, ["zu"] = {"Zulu"}, ["aaa"] = {"Ghotuo"}, ["aab"] = {"Alumu-Tesu"}, ["aac"] = {"Ari"}, ["aad"] = {"Amal"}, ["aae"] = {"Arbëreshë Albanian"}, ["aaf"] = {"Aranadan"}, ["aag"] = {"Ambrak"}, ["aah"] = {"Abu' Arapesh"}, ["aai"] = {"Arifama-Miniafia"}, ["aak"] = {"Ankave"}, ["aal"] = {"Afade"}, ["aan"] = {"Anambé"}, ["aao"] = {"Arab Sahara Aljazair"}, ["aap"] = {"Pará Arára"}, ["aaq"] = {"Eastern Abnaki"}, ["aas"] = {"Aasáx"}, ["aat"] = {"Arvanitika Albanian"}, ["aau"] = {"Abau"}, ["aav"] = {"Rungkun basa Austro-Asia"}, ["aaw"] = {"Solong"}, ["aax"] = {"Mandobo Atas"}, ["aaz"] = {"Amarasi"}, ["aba"] = {"Abé"}, ["abb"] = {"Bankon"}, ["abc"] = {"Ambala Ayta"}, ["abd"] = {"Manide"}, ["abe"] = {"Western Abnaki"}, ["abf"] = {"Abai Sungai"}, ["abg"] = {"Abaga"}, ["abh"] = {"Arab Tajik"}, ["abi"] = {"Abidji"}, ["abj"] = {"Aka-Bea"}, ["abl"] = {"Lampung Nyo"}, ["abm"] = {"Abanyom"}, ["abn"] = {"Abua"}, ["abo"] = {"Abon"}, ["abp"] = {"Abellen Ayta"}, ["abq"] = {"Abaza"}, ["abr"] = {"Abron"}, ["abs"] = {"Ambonese Malay"}, ["abt"] = {"Ambulas"}, ["abu"] = {"Abure"}, ["abv"] = {"Arab Bahrain"}, ["abw"] = {"Pal"}, ["abx"] = {"Inabaknon"}, ["aby"] = {"Aneme Wake"}, ["abz"] = {"Abui"}, ["aca"] = {"Achagua"}, ["acb"] = {"Áncá"}, ["acd"] = {"Gikyode"}, ["ace"] = {"Achinese"}, ["acf"] = {"Saint Lucian Creole French"}, ["ach"] = {"Acoli"}, ["aci"] = {"Aka-Cari"}, ["ack"] = {"Aka-Kora"}, ["acl"] = {"Akar-Bale"}, ["acm"] = {"Arab Mésopotamia"}, ["acn"] = {"Achang"}, ["acp"] = {"Eastern Acipa"}, ["acq"] = {"Arab Taiz-Aden"}, ["acr"] = {"Achi"}, ["acs"] = {"Acroá"}, ["act"] = {"Achterhoeks"}, ["acu"] = {"Achuar-Shiwiar"}, ["acv"] = {"Achumawi"}, ["acw"] = {"Arab Hijaz"}, ["acx"] = {"Arab Oman"}, ["acy"] = {"Arab Siprus"}, ["acz"] = {"Acheron"}, ["ada"] = {"Adangme"}, ["adb"] = {"Atauran"}, ["add"] = {"Lidzonka", "Dzodinka"}, ["ade"] = {"Adele"}, ["adf"] = {"Arab Dhofar"}, ["adg"] = {"Andegerebinha"}, ["adh"] = {"Adhola"}, ["adi"] = {"Adi"}, ["adj"] = {"Adioukrou"}, ["adl"] = {"Galo"}, ["adn"] = {"Adang"}, ["ado"] = {"Abu"}, ["adq"] = {"Adangbe"}, ["adr"] = {"Adonara"}, ["ads"] = {"Basa Isarat Adamorobe"}, ["adt"] = {"Adnyamathanha"}, ["adu"] = {"Aduge"}, ["adw"] = {"Amundava"}, ["adx"] = {"Amdo Tibetan"}, ["ady"] = {"Adyghe", "Basa Adygei"}, ["adz"] = {"Adzera"}, ["aea"] = {"Areba"}, ["aeb"] = {"Arab Tunisia"}, ["aec"] = {"Aran Sa'idi"}, ["aed"] = {"Basa Isarat Argéntina"}, ["aee"] = {"Northeast Pashai", "Northeast Pashayi"}, ["aek"] = {"Haeke"}, ["ael"] = {"Ambele"}, ["aem"] = {"Arem"}, ["aen"] = {"Basa Isarat Arménia"}, ["aeq"] = {"Aer"}, ["aer"] = {"Eastern Arrernte"}, ["aes"] = {"Alsea"}, ["aeu"] = {"Akeu"}, ["aew"] = {"Ambakich"}, ["aey"] = {"Amele"}, ["aez"] = {"Aeka"}, ["afa"] = {"Rungkun basa Afro-Asia"}, ["afb"] = {"Arab Teluk"}, ["afd"] = {"Andai"}, ["afe"] = {"Putukwam"}, ["afg"] = {"Basa Isarat Apganistan"}, ["afh"] = {"Afrihili"}, ["afi"] = {"Akrukay", "Basa Chini"}, ["afk"] = {"Nanubae"}, ["afn"] = {"Defaka"}, ["afo"] = {"Eloyi"}, ["afp"] = {"Tapei"}, ["afs"] = {"Afro-Seminole Creole"}, ["aft"] = {"Afitti"}, ["afu"] = {"Awutu"}, ["afz"] = {"Obokuitai"}, ["aga"] = {"Aguano"}, ["agb"] = {"Legbo"}, ["agc"] = {"Agatu"}, ["agd"] = {"Agarabi"}, ["age"] = {"Angal"}, ["agf"] = {"Arguni"}, ["agg"] = {"Angor"}, ["agh"] = {"Ngelima"}, ["agi"] = {"Agariya"}, ["agj"] = {"Argobba"}, ["agk"] = {"Isarog Agta"}, ["agl"] = {"Fembe"}, ["agm"] = {"Angaataha"}, ["agn"] = {"Agutaynen"}, ["ago"] = {"Tainae"}, ["agq"] = {"Aghem"}, ["agr"] = {"Aguaruna"}, ["ags"] = {"Esimbi"}, ["agt"] = {"Central Cagayan Agta"}, ["agu"] = {"Aguacateco"}, ["agv"] = {"Remontado Dumagat"}, ["agw"] = {"Kahua"}, ["agx"] = {"Aghul"}, ["agy"] = {"Southern Alta"}, ["agz"] = {"Mt. Iriga Agta"}, ["aha"] = {"Ahanta"}, ["ahb"] = {"Axamb"}, ["ahg"] = {"Qimant"}, ["ahh"] = {"Aghu"}, ["ahi"] = {"Tiagbamrin Aizi"}, ["ahk"] = {"Akha"}, ["ahl"] = {"Igo"}, ["ahm"] = {"Mobumrin Aizi"}, ["ahn"] = {"Àhàn"}, ["aho"] = {"Ahom"}, ["ahp"] = {"Aproumu Aizi"}, ["ahr"] = {"Ahirani"}, ["ahs"] = {"Ashe"}, ["aht"] = {"Ahtena"}, ["aia"] = {"Arosi"}, ["aib"] = {"Ainu (China)"}, ["aic"] = {"Ainbai"}, ["aid"] = {"Alngith"}, ["aie"] = {"Amara"}, ["aif"] = {"Agi"}, ["aig"] = {"Antigua and Barbuda Creole English"}, ["aih"] = {"Ai-Cham"}, ["aii"] = {"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic"}, ["aij"] = {"Lishanid Noshan"}, ["aik"] = {"Ake"}, ["ail"] = {"Aimele"}, ["aim"] = {"Aimol"}, ["ain"] = {"Ainu (Japan)"}, ["aio"] = {"Aiton"}, ["aip"] = {"Burumakok"}, ["aiq"] = {"Aimaq"}, ["air"] = {"Airoran"}, ["ait"] = {"Arikem"}, ["aiw"] = {"Aari"}, ["aix"] = {"Aighon"}, ["aiy"] = {"Ali"}, ["aja"] = {"Aja (Sudan Kidul)"}, ["ajg"] = {"Aja (Bénin)"}, ["aji"] = {"Ajië"}, ["ajn"] = {"Andajin"}, ["ajs"] = {"Basa Isarat Yahudi Aljazair"}, ["aju"] = {"Arab Yahudi Maroko"}, ["ajw"] = {"Ajawa"}, ["ajz"] = {"Amri Karbi"}, ["akb"] = {"Batak Angkola"}, ["akc"] = {"Mpur"}, ["akd"] = {"Ukpet-Ehom"}, ["ake"] = {"Akawaio"}, ["akf"] = {"Akpa"}, ["akg"] = {"Anakalangu"}, ["akh"] = {"Angal Heneng"}, ["aki"] = {"Aiome"}, ["akj"] = {"Aka-Jeru"}, ["akk"] = {"Akkadian"}, ["akl"] = {"Aklanon"}, ["akm"] = {"Aka-Bo"}, ["ako"] = {"Akurio"}, ["akp"] = {"Siwu"}, ["akq"] = {"Ak"}, ["akr"] = {"Araki"}, ["aks"] = {"Akaselem"}, ["akt"] = {"Akolet"}, ["aku"] = {"Akum"}, ["akv"] = {"Akhvakh"}, ["akw"] = {"Akwa"}, ["akx"] = {"Aka-Kede"}, ["aky"] = {"Aka-Kol"}, ["akz"] = {"Alabama"}, ["ala"] = {"Alago"}, ["alc"] = {"Qawasqar"}, ["ald"] = {"Alladian"}, ["ale"] = {"Aleut"}, ["alf"] = {"Alege"}, ["alg"] = {"Rungkun basa Algonquian"}, ["alh"] = {"Alawa"}, ["ali"] = {"Amaimon"}, ["alj"] = {"Alangan"}, ["alk"] = {"Alak"}, ["all"] = {"Allar"}, ["alm"] = {"Amblong"}, ["aln"] = {"Gheg Albanian"}, ["alo"] = {"Larike-Wakasihu"}, ["alp"] = {"Alune"}, ["alq"] = {"Algonquin"}, ["alr"] = {"Alutor"}, ["als"] = {"Tosk Albanian"}, ["alt"] = {"Southern Altai"}, ["alu"] = {"'Are'are"}, ["alv"] = {"Rungkun basa Atlantik-Kongo"}, ["alw"] = {"Alaba-K’abeena", "Wanbasana"}, ["alx"] = {"Amol"}, ["aly"] = {"Alyawarr"}, ["alz"] = {"Alur"}, ["ama"] = {"Amanayé"}, ["amb"] = {"Ambo"}, ["amc"] = {"Amahuaca"}, ["ame"] = {"Yanesha'"}, ["amf"] = {"Hamer-Banna"}, ["amg"] = {"Amurdak"}, ["ami"] = {"Amis"}, ["amj"] = {"Amdang"}, ["amk"] = {"Ambai"}, ["aml"] = {"War-Jaintia"}, ["amm"] = {"Ama (Papua Nugini)"}, ["amn"] = {"Amanab"}, ["amo"] = {"Amo"}, ["amp"] = {"Alamblak"}, ["amq"] = {"Amahai"}, ["amr"] = {"Amarakaeri"}, ["ams"] = {"Southern Amami-Oshima"}, ["amt"] = {"Amto"}, ["amu"] = {"Guerrero Amuzgo"}, ["amv"] = {"Ambelau"}, ["amw"] = {"Western Neo-Aramaic"}, ["amx"] = {"Anmatyerre"}, ["amy"] = {"Ami"}, ["amz"] = {"Atampaya"}, ["ana"] = {"Andaqui"}, ["anb"] = {"Andoa"}, ["anc"] = {"Ngas"}, ["and"] = {"Ansus"}, ["ane"] = {"Xârâcùù"}, ["anf"] = {"Animere"}, ["ang"] = {"Old English (ca. 450-1100)"}, ["anh"] = {"Nend"}, ["ani"] = {"Andi"}, ["anj"] = {"Anor"}, ["ank"] = {"Goemai"}, ["anl"] = {"Anu-Hkongso Chin"}, ["anm"] = {"Anal"}, ["ann"] = {"Obolo"}, ["ano"] = {"Andoque"}, ["anp"] = {"Angika"}, ["anq"] = {"Jarawa (India)"}, ["anr"] = {"Andh"}, ["ans"] = {"Anserma"}, ["ant"] = {"Antakarinya", "Antikarinya"}, ["anu"] = {"Anuak"}, ["anv"] = {"Denya"}, ["anw"] = {"Anaang"}, ["anx"] = {"Andra-Hus"}, ["any"] = {"Anyin"}, ["anz"] = {"Anem"}, ["aoa"] = {"Angolar"}, ["aob"] = {"Abom"}, ["aoc"] = {"Pemon"}, ["aod"] = {"Andarum"}, ["aoe"] = {"Angal Enen"}, ["aof"] = {"Bragat"}, ["aog"] = {"Angoram"}, ["aoi"] = {"Anindilyakwa"}, ["aoj"] = {"Mufian"}, ["aok"] = {"Arhö"}, ["aol"] = {"Alor"}, ["aom"] = {"Ömie"}, ["aon"] = {"Bumbita Arapesh"}, ["aor"] = {"Aore"}, ["aos"] = {"Taikat"}, ["aot"] = {"Atong (India)", "A'tong"}, ["aou"] = {"A'ou"}, ["aox"] = {"Atorada"}, ["aoz"] = {"Uab Meto"}, ["apa"] = {"Rungkun basa Apache"}, ["apb"] = {"Sa'a"}, ["apc"] = {"Arab Levant"}, ["apd"] = {"Arab Sudan"}, ["ape"] = {"Bukiyip"}, ["apf"] = {"Pahanan Agta"}, ["apg"] = {"Ampanang"}, ["aph"] = {"Athpariya"}, ["api"] = {"Apiaká"}, ["apj"] = {"Jicarilla Apache"}, ["apk"] = {"Kiowa Apache"}, ["apl"] = {"Lipan Apache"}, ["apm"] = {"Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache"}, ["apn"] = {"Apinayé"}, ["apo"] = {"Ambul"}, ["app"] = {"Apma"}, ["apq"] = {"A-Pucikwar"}, ["apr"] = {"Arop-Lokep"}, ["aps"] = {"Arop-Sissano"}, ["apt"] = {"Apatani"}, ["apu"] = {"Apurinã"}, ["apv"] = {"Alapmunte"}, ["apw"] = {"Western Apache"}, ["apx"] = {"Aputai"}, ["apy"] = {"Apalaí"}, ["apz"] = {"Safeyoka"}, ["aqa"] = {"Rungkun basa Alacalufan"}, ["aqc"] = {"Archi"}, ["aqd"] = {"Ampari Dogon"}, ["aqg"] = {"Arigidi"}, ["aqk"] = {"Aninka"}, ["aql"] = {"Rungkun basa Algik"}, ["aqm"] = {"Atohwaim"}, ["aqn"] = {"Northern Alta"}, ["aqp"] = {"Atakapa"}, ["aqr"] = {"Arhâ"}, ["aqt"] = {"Angaité"}, ["aqz"] = {"Akuntsu"}, ["arb"] = {"Arab Baku"}, ["arc"] = {"Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE)", "Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)"}, ["ard"] = {"Arabana"}, ["are"] = {"Western Arrarnta"}, ["arh"] = {"Arhuaco"}, ["ari"] = {"Arikara"}, ["arj"] = {"Arapaso"}, ["ark"] = {"Arikapú"}, ["arl"] = {"Arabela"}, ["arn"] = {"Mapudungun", "Mapuche"}, ["aro"] = {"Araona"}, ["arp"] = {"Arapaho"}, ["arq"] = {"Arab Aljazair"}, ["arr"] = {"Karo (Brasil)"}, ["ars"] = {"Arab Najd"}, ["art"] = {"buatan"}, ["aru"] = {"Aruá (Amazonas State)", "Arawá"}, ["arv"] = {"Arbore"}, ["arw"] = {"Arawak"}, ["arx"] = {"Aruá (Rodonia State)"}, ["ary"] = {"Arab Maroko"}, ["arz"] = {"Arab Mesir"}, ["asa"] = {"Asu (Tanzania)"}, ["asb"] = {"Assiniboine", "Basa Nakoda Assiniboine"}, ["asc"] = {"Casuarina Coast Asmat"}, ["ase"] = {"Basa Isarat Amérika"}, ["asf"] = {"Auslan", "Basa Isarat Australia"}, ["asg"] = {"Cishingini"}, ["ash"] = {"Abishira"}, ["asi"] = {"Buruwai"}, ["asj"] = {"Sari"}, ["ask"] = {"Ashkun"}, ["asl"] = {"Asilulu"}, ["asn"] = {"Xingú Asuriní"}, ["aso"] = {"Dano"}, ["asp"] = {"Basa Isarat Aljazair"}, ["asq"] = {"Basa Isarat Austria"}, ["asr"] = {"Asuri"}, ["ass"] = {"Ipulo"}, ["ast"] = {"Asturia", "Basa Astur-León", "Basa Bable", "Basa León"}, ["asu"] = {"Tocantins Asurini"}, ["asv"] = {"Asoa"}, ["asw"] = {"Basa Isarat Aborigin Australia"}, ["asx"] = {"Muratayak"}, ["asy"] = {"Yaosakor Asmat"}, ["asz"] = {"As"}, ["ata"] = {"Pele-Ata"}, ["atb"] = {"Zaiwa"}, ["atc"] = {"Atsahuaca"}, ["atd"] = {"Ata Manobo"}, ["ate"] = {"Atemble"}, ["atg"] = {"Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe"}, ["ath"] = {"Rungkun basa Athabaskan"}, ["ati"] = {"Attié"}, ["atj"] = {"Atikamekw", "Basa Nehirowimowin"}, ["atk"] = {"Ati"}, ["atl"] = {"Mt. Iraya Agta"}, ["atm"] = {"Ata"}, ["atn"] = {"Ashtiani"}, ["ato"] = {"Atong (Kamerun)"}, ["atp"] = {"Pudtol Atta"}, ["atq"] = {"Aralle-Tabulahan"}, ["atr"] = {"Waimiri-Atroari"}, ["ats"] = {"Gros Ventre"}, ["att"] = {"Pamplona Atta"}, ["atu"] = {"Reel"}, ["atv"] = {"Northern Altai"}, ["atw"] = {"Atsugewi"}, ["atx"] = {"Arutani"}, ["aty"] = {"Aneityum"}, ["atz"] = {"Arta"}, ["aua"] = {"Asumboa"}, ["aub"] = {"Alugu"}, ["auc"] = {"Waorani"}, ["aud"] = {"Anuta"}, ["auf"] = {"Arauan"}, ["aug"] = {"Aguna"}, ["auh"] = {"Aushi"}, ["aui"] = {"Anuki"}, ["auj"] = {"Awjilah"}, ["auk"] = {"Heyo"}, ["aul"] = {"Aulua"}, ["aum"] = {"Asu (Nigéria)"}, ["aun"] = {"Molmo One"}, ["auo"] = {"Auyokawa"}, ["aup"] = {"Makayam"}, ["auq"] = {"Anus", "Basa Korur"}, ["aur"] = {"Aruek"}, ["aus"] = {"Australian"}, ["aut"] = {"Austral"}, ["auu"] = {"Auye"}, ["auw"] = {"Awyi"}, ["aux"] = {"Aurá"}, ["auy"] = {"Awiyaana"}, ["auz"] = {"Arab Uzbék"}, ["avb"] = {"Avau"}, ["avd"] = {"Alviri-Vidari"}, ["avi"] = {"Avikam"}, ["avk"] = {"Kotava"}, ["avl"] = {"Arab Bedawi Mesir Wétan"}, ["avm"] = {"Angkamuthi"}, ["avn"] = {"Avatime"}, ["avo"] = {"Agavotaguerra"}, ["avs"] = {"Aushiri"}, ["avt"] = {"Au"}, ["avu"] = {"Avokaya"}, ["avv"] = {"Avá-Canoeiro"}, ["awa"] = {"Awadhi"}, ["awb"] = {"Awa (Papua Nugini)"}, ["awc"] = {"Cicipu"}, ["awd"] = {"Rungkun basa Arawak"}, ["awe"] = {"Awetí"}, ["awg"] = {"Anguthimri"}, ["awh"] = {"Awbono"}, ["awi"] = {"Aekyom"}, ["awk"] = {"Awabakal"}, ["awm"] = {"Arawum"}, ["awn"] = {"Awngi"}, ["awo"] = {"Awak"}, ["awr"] = {"Awera"}, ["aws"] = {"South Awyu"}, ["awt"] = {"Araweté"}, ["awu"] = {"Central Awyu"}, ["awv"] = {"Jair Awyu"}, ["aww"] = {"Awun"}, ["awx"] = {"Awara"}, ["awy"] = {"Edera Awyu"}, ["axb"] = {"Abipon"}, ["axe"] = {"Ayerrerenge"}, ["axg"] = {"Mato Grosso Arára"}, ["axk"] = {"Yaka (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["axl"] = {"Lower Southern Aranda"}, ["axm"] = {"Middle Armenian"}, ["axx"] = {"Xârâgurè"}, ["aya"] = {"Awar"}, ["ayb"] = {"Ayizo Gbe"}, ["ayc"] = {"Southern Aymara"}, ["ayd"] = {"Ayabadhu"}, ["aye"] = {"Ayere"}, ["ayg"] = {"Ginyanga"}, ["ayh"] = {"Arab Hadhrami"}, ["ayi"] = {"Leyigha"}, ["ayk"] = {"Akuku"}, ["ayl"] = {"Arab Libya"}, ["ayn"] = {"Arab Sana'a"}, ["ayo"] = {"Ayoreo"}, ["ayp"] = {"Arab Mésopotamia Kalér"}, ["ayq"] = {"Ayi (Papua Nugini)"}, ["ayr"] = {"Aymara Tengah"}, ["ays"] = {"Sorsogon Ayta"}, ["ayt"] = {"Magbukun Ayta"}, ["ayu"] = {"Ayu"}, ["ayz"] = {"Mai Brat"}, ["aza"] = {"Azha"}, ["azb"] = {"South Azerbaijani"}, ["azc"] = {"Rungkun basa Uto-Aztek"}, ["azd"] = {"Eastern Durango Nahuatl"}, ["azg"] = {"San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo"}, ["azj"] = {"North Azerbaijani"}, ["azm"] = {"Ipalapa Amuzgo"}, ["azn"] = {"Western Durango Nahuatl"}, ["azo"] = {"Awing"}, ["azt"] = {"Faire Atta"}, ["azz"] = {"Highland Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["baa"] = {"Babatana"}, ["bab"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyuño"}, ["bac"] = {"Badui"}, ["bad"] = {"Rungkun basa Banda"}, ["bae"] = {"Baré"}, ["baf"] = {"Nubaca"}, ["bag"] = {"Tuki"}, ["bah"] = {"Inggris Kréol Bahama"}, ["bai"] = {"Rungkun basa Bamileke"}, ["baj"] = {"Barakai"}, ["bal"] = {"Baluchi"}, ["ban"] = {"Balinese"}, ["bao"] = {"Waimaha"}, ["bap"] = {"Bantawa"}, ["bar"] = {"Bavarian"}, ["bas"] = {"Basa (Kamerun)"}, ["bat"] = {"Rungkun basa Baltik"}, ["bau"] = {"Bada (Nigéria)"}, ["bav"] = {"Vengo"}, ["baw"] = {"Bambili-Bambui"}, ["bax"] = {"Bamun"}, ["bay"] = {"Batuley"}, ["bba"] = {"Baatonum"}, ["bbb"] = {"Barai"}, ["bbc"] = {"Batak Toba"}, ["bbd"] = {"Bau"}, ["bbe"] = {"Bangba"}, ["bbf"] = {"Baibai"}, ["bbg"] = {"Barama"}, ["bbh"] = {"Bugan"}, ["bbi"] = {"Barombi"}, ["bbj"] = {"Ghomálá'"}, ["bbk"] = {"Babanki"}, ["bbl"] = {"Bats"}, ["bbm"] = {"Babango"}, ["bbn"] = {"Uneapa"}, ["bbo"] = {"Northern Bobo Madaré", "Konabéré"}, ["bbp"] = {"West Central Banda"}, ["bbq"] = {"Bamali"}, ["bbr"] = {"Girawa"}, ["bbs"] = {"Bakpinka"}, ["bbt"] = {"Mburku"}, ["bbu"] = {"Kulung (Nigéria)"}, ["bbv"] = {"Karnai"}, ["bbw"] = {"Baba"}, ["bbx"] = {"Bubia"}, ["bby"] = {"Befang"}, ["bca"] = {"Central Bai"}, ["bcb"] = {"Bainouk-Samik"}, ["bcc"] = {"Southern Balochi"}, ["bcd"] = {"North Babar"}, ["bce"] = {"Bamenyam"}, ["bcf"] = {"Bamu"}, ["bcg"] = {"Baga Pokur"}, ["bch"] = {"Bariai"}, ["bci"] = {"Baoulé"}, ["bcj"] = {"Bardi"}, ["bck"] = {"Bunuba"}, ["bcl"] = {"Bikol Tengah"}, ["bcm"] = {"Bannoni"}, ["bcn"] = {"Bali (Nigéria)"}, ["bco"] = {"Kaluli"}, ["bcp"] = {"Bali (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["bcq"] = {"Bench"}, ["bcr"] = {"Babine"}, ["bcs"] = {"Kohumono"}, ["bct"] = {"Bendi"}, ["bcu"] = {"Awad Bing"}, ["bcv"] = {"Shoo-Minda-Nye"}, ["bcw"] = {"Bana"}, ["bcy"] = {"Bacama"}, ["bcz"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyaamolo"}, ["bda"] = {"Bayot"}, ["bdb"] = {"Basap"}, ["bdc"] = {"Emberá-Baudó"}, ["bdd"] = {"Bunama"}, ["bde"] = {"Bade"}, ["bdf"] = {"Biage"}, ["bdg"] = {"Bonggi"}, ["bdh"] = {"Baka (Sudan Kidul)"}, ["bdi"] = {"Burun"}, ["bdj"] = {"Bai (Sudan Kidul)", "Basa Bai"}, ["bdk"] = {"Budukh"}, ["bdl"] = {"Bajau Indonésia"}, ["bdm"] = {"Buduma"}, ["bdn"] = {"Baldemu"}, ["bdo"] = {"Morom"}, ["bdp"] = {"Bende"}, ["bdq"] = {"Bahnar"}, ["bdr"] = {"West Coast Bajau"}, ["bds"] = {"Burunge"}, ["bdt"] = {"Bokoto"}, ["bdu"] = {"Oroko"}, ["bdv"] = {"Bodo Parja"}, ["bdw"] = {"Baham"}, ["bdx"] = {"Budong-Budong"}, ["bdy"] = {"Bandjalang"}, ["bdz"] = {"Badeshi"}, ["bea"] = {"Beaver"}, ["beb"] = {"Bebele"}, ["bec"] = {"Iceve-Maci"}, ["bed"] = {"Bedoanas"}, ["bee"] = {"Byangsi"}, ["bef"] = {"Benabena"}, ["beg"] = {"Belait"}, ["beh"] = {"Biali"}, ["bei"] = {"Bekati'"}, ["bej"] = {"Beja", "Bedawiyet"}, ["bek"] = {"Bebeli"}, ["bem"] = {"Bemba (Zambia)"}, ["beo"] = {"Beami"}, ["bep"] = {"Besoa"}, ["beq"] = {"Beembe"}, ["ber"] = {"Rungkun basa Berber"}, ["bes"] = {"Besme"}, ["bet"] = {"Guiberoua Béte"}, ["beu"] = {"Blagar"}, ["bev"] = {"Daloa Bété"}, ["bew"] = {"Betawi"}, ["bex"] = {"Jur Modo"}, ["bey"] = {"Beli (Papua Nugini)"}, ["bez"] = {"Bena (Tanzania)"}, ["bfa"] = {"Bari"}, ["bfb"] = {"Pauri Bareli"}, ["bfc"] = {"Panyi Bai", "Northern Bai"}, ["bfd"] = {"Bafut"}, ["bfe"] = {"Betaf", "Tena"}, ["bff"] = {"Bofi"}, ["bfg"] = {"Busang Kayan"}, ["bfh"] = {"Blafe"}, ["bfi"] = {"Basa Isarat Britania"}, ["bfj"] = {"Bafanji"}, ["bfk"] = {"Basa Isarat Ban Khor"}, ["bfl"] = {"Banda-Ndélé"}, ["bfm"] = {"Mmen"}, ["bfn"] = {"Bunak"}, ["bfo"] = {"Malba Birifor"}, ["bfp"] = {"Beba"}, ["bfq"] = {"Badaga"}, ["bfr"] = {"Bazigar"}, ["bfs"] = {"Southern Bai"}, ["bft"] = {"Balti"}, ["bfu"] = {"Gahri"}, ["bfw"] = {"Bondo"}, ["bfx"] = {"Bantayanon"}, ["bfy"] = {"Bagheli"}, ["bfz"] = {"Mahasu Pahari"}, ["bga"] = {"Gwamhi-Wuri"}, ["bgb"] = {"Bobongko"}, ["bgc"] = {"Haryanvi"}, ["bgd"] = {"Rathwi Bareli"}, ["bge"] = {"Bauria"}, ["bgf"] = {"Bangandu"}, ["bgg"] = {"Bugun"}, ["bgi"] = {"Giangan"}, ["bgj"] = {"Bangolan"}, ["bgk"] = {"Bit", "Buxinhua"}, ["bgl"] = {"Bo (Laos)"}, ["bgn"] = {"Western Balochi"}, ["bgo"] = {"Baga Koga"}, ["bgp"] = {"Eastern Balochi"}, ["bgq"] = {"Bagri"}, ["bgr"] = {"Bawm Chin"}, ["bgs"] = {"Tagabawa"}, ["bgt"] = {"Bughotu"}, ["bgu"] = {"Mbongno"}, ["bgv"] = {"Warkay-Bipim"}, ["bgw"] = {"Bhatri"}, ["bgx"] = {"Balkan Gagauz Turkish"}, ["bgy"] = {"Benggoi"}, ["bgz"] = {"Banggai"}, ["bha"] = {"Bharia"}, ["bhb"] = {"Bhili"}, ["bhc"] = {"Biga"}, ["bhd"] = {"Bhadrawahi"}, ["bhe"] = {"Bhaya"}, ["bhf"] = {"Odiai"}, ["bhg"] = {"Binandere"}, ["bhh"] = {"Bukharic"}, ["bhi"] = {"Bhilali"}, ["bhj"] = {"Bahing"}, ["bhl"] = {"Bimin"}, ["bhm"] = {"Bathari"}, ["bhn"] = {"Bohtan Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bho"] = {"Bhojpuri"}, ["bhp"] = {"Bima"}, ["bhq"] = {"Tukang Besi South"}, ["bhr"] = {"Bara Malagasy"}, ["bhs"] = {"Buwal"}, ["bht"] = {"Bhattiyali"}, ["bhu"] = {"Bhunjia"}, ["bhv"] = {"Bahau"}, ["bhw"] = {"Biak"}, ["bhx"] = {"Bhalay"}, ["bhy"] = {"Bhele"}, ["bhz"] = {"Bada (Indonésia)"}, ["bia"] = {"Badimaya"}, ["bib"] = {"Bissa", "Bisa"}, ["bid"] = {"Bidiyo"}, ["bie"] = {"Bepour"}, ["bif"] = {"Biafada"}, ["big"] = {"Biangai"}, ["bih"] = {"Rungkun basa Bihari"}, ["bik"] = {"Bikol"}, ["bil"] = {"Bile"}, ["bim"] = {"Bimoba"}, ["bin"] = {"Bini", "Edo"}, ["bio"] = {"Nai"}, ["bip"] = {"Bila"}, ["biq"] = {"Bipi"}, ["bir"] = {"Bisorio"}, ["bit"] = {"Berinomo"}, ["biu"] = {"Biete"}, ["biv"] = {"Southern Birifor"}, ["biw"] = {"Kol (Kamerun)"}, ["bix"] = {"Bijori"}, ["biy"] = {"Birhor"}, ["biz"] = {"Baloi"}, ["bja"] = {"Budza"}, ["bjb"] = {"Banggarla"}, ["bjc"] = {"Bariji"}, ["bje"] = {"Biao-Jiao Mien"}, ["bjf"] = {"Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bjg"] = {"Bidyogo"}, ["bjh"] = {"Bahinemo"}, ["bji"] = {"Burji"}, ["bjj"] = {"Kanauji"}, ["bjk"] = {"Barok"}, ["bjl"] = {"Bulu (Papua Nugini)"}, ["bjm"] = {"Bajelani"}, ["bjn"] = {"Banjar"}, ["bjo"] = {"Mid-Southern Banda"}, ["bjp"] = {"Fanamaket"}, ["bjr"] = {"Binumarien"}, ["bjs"] = {"Bajan"}, ["bjt"] = {"Balanta-Ganja"}, ["bju"] = {"Busuu"}, ["bjv"] = {"Bedjond"}, ["bjw"] = {"Bakwé"}, ["bjx"] = {"Banao Itneg"}, ["bjy"] = {"Bayali"}, ["bjz"] = {"Baruga"}, ["bka"] = {"Kyak"}, ["bkc"] = {"Baka (Kamerun)"}, ["bkd"] = {"Binukid", "Talaandig"}, ["bkf"] = {"Beeke"}, ["bkg"] = {"Buraka"}, ["bkh"] = {"Bakoko"}, ["bki"] = {"Baki"}, ["bkj"] = {"Pande"}, ["bkk"] = {"Brokskat"}, ["bkl"] = {"Berik"}, ["bkm"] = {"Kom (Kamerun)"}, ["bkn"] = {"Bukitan"}, ["bko"] = {"Kwa'"}, ["bkp"] = {"Boko (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["bkq"] = {"Bakairí"}, ["bkr"] = {"Bakumpai"}, ["bks"] = {"Northern Sorsoganon"}, ["bkt"] = {"Boloki"}, ["bku"] = {"Buhid"}, ["bkv"] = {"Bekwarra"}, ["bkw"] = {"Bekwel"}, ["bkx"] = {"Baikeno"}, ["bky"] = {"Bokyi"}, ["bkz"] = {"Bungku"}, ["bla"] = {"Siksika"}, ["blb"] = {"Bilua"}, ["blc"] = {"Bella Coola"}, ["bld"] = {"Bolango"}, ["ble"] = {"Balanta-Kentohe"}, ["blf"] = {"Buol"}, ["blh"] = {"Kuwaa"}, ["bli"] = {"Bolia"}, ["blj"] = {"Bolongan"}, ["blk"] = {"Pa'o Karen", "Pa'O"}, ["bll"] = {"Biloxi"}, ["blm"] = {"Beli (Sudan Kidul)"}, ["bln"] = {"Southern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["blo"] = {"Anii"}, ["blp"] = {"Blablanga"}, ["blq"] = {"Baluan-Pam"}, ["blr"] = {"Blang"}, ["bls"] = {"Balaesang"}, ["blt"] = {"Tai Dam"}, ["blv"] = {"Kibala", "Bolo"}, ["blw"] = {"Balangao"}, ["blx"] = {"Mag-Indi Ayta"}, ["bly"] = {"Notre"}, ["blz"] = {"Balantak"}, ["bma"] = {"Lame"}, ["bmb"] = {"Bembe"}, ["bmc"] = {"Biem"}, ["bmd"] = {"Baga Manduri"}, ["bme"] = {"Limassa"}, ["bmf"] = {"Bom-Kim"}, ["bmg"] = {"Bamwe"}, ["bmh"] = {"Kein"}, ["bmi"] = {"Bagirmi"}, ["bmj"] = {"Bote-Majhi"}, ["bmk"] = {"Ghayavi"}, ["bml"] = {"Bomboli"}, ["bmm"] = {"Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bmn"] = {"Bina (Papua Nugini)"}, ["bmo"] = {"Bambalang"}, ["bmp"] = {"Bulgebi"}, ["bmq"] = {"Bomu"}, ["bmr"] = {"Muinane"}, ["bms"] = {"Bilma Kanuri"}, ["bmt"] = {"Biao Mon"}, ["bmu"] = {"Somba-Siawari"}, ["bmv"] = {"Bum"}, ["bmw"] = {"Bomwali"}, ["bmx"] = {"Baimak"}, ["bmz"] = {"Baramu"}, ["bna"] = {"Bonerate"}, ["bnb"] = {"Bookan"}, ["bnc"] = {"Bontok"}, ["bnd"] = {"Banda (Indonésia)"}, ["bne"] = {"Bintauna"}, ["bnf"] = {"Masiwang"}, ["bng"] = {"Benga"}, ["bni"] = {"Bangi"}, ["bnj"] = {"Eastern Tawbuid"}, ["bnk"] = {"Bierebo"}, ["bnl"] = {"Boon"}, ["bnm"] = {"Batanga"}, ["bnn"] = {"Bunun"}, ["bno"] = {"Bantoanon"}, ["bnp"] = {"Bola"}, ["bnq"] = {"Bantik"}, ["bnr"] = {"Butmas-Tur"}, ["bns"] = {"Bundeli"}, ["bnt"] = {"Rungkun basa Bantu"}, ["bnu"] = {"Bentong"}, ["bnv"] = {"Bonerif", "Beneraf", "Edwas"}, ["bnw"] = {"Bisis"}, ["bnx"] = {"Bangubangu"}, ["bny"] = {"Bintulu"}, ["bnz"] = {"Beezen"}, ["boa"] = {"Bora"}, ["bob"] = {"Aweer"}, ["boe"] = {"Mundabli-Mufu"}, ["bof"] = {"Bolon"}, ["bog"] = {"Basa Isarat Bamako"}, ["boh"] = {"Boma"}, ["boi"] = {"Barbareño"}, ["boj"] = {"Anjam"}, ["bok"] = {"Bonjo"}, ["bol"] = {"Bole"}, ["bom"] = {"Berom"}, ["bon"] = {"Bine"}, ["boo"] = {"Tiemacèwè Bozo"}, ["bop"] = {"Bonkiman"}, ["boq"] = {"Bogaya"}, ["bor"] = {"Borôro"}, ["bot"] = {"Bongo"}, ["bou"] = {"Bondei"}, ["bov"] = {"Tuwuli"}, ["bow"] = {"Rema"}, ["box"] = {"Buamu"}, ["boy"] = {"Bodo (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["boz"] = {"Tiéyaxo Bozo"}, ["bpa"] = {"Daakaka"}, ["bpc"] = {"Mbuk"}, ["bpd"] = {"Banda-Banda"}, ["bpe"] = {"Bauni"}, ["bpg"] = {"Bonggo"}, ["bph"] = {"Botlikh"}, ["bpi"] = {"Bagupi"}, ["bpj"] = {"Binji"}, ["bpk"] = {"Orowe", "'Ôrôê"}, ["bpl"] = {"Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin"}, ["bpm"] = {"Biyom"}, ["bpn"] = {"Dzao Min"}, ["bpo"] = {"Anasi"}, ["bpp"] = {"Kaure"}, ["bpq"] = {"Banda Malayu"}, ["bpr"] = {"Koronadal Blaan"}, ["bps"] = {"Sarangani Blaan"}, ["bpt"] = {"Barrow Point"}, ["bpu"] = {"Bongu"}, ["bpv"] = {"Bian Marind"}, ["bpw"] = {"Bo (Papua Nugini)"}, ["bpx"] = {"Palya Bareli"}, ["bpy"] = {"Bishnupriya"}, ["bpz"] = {"Bilba"}, ["bqa"] = {"Tchumbuli"}, ["bqb"] = {"Bagusa"}, ["bqc"] = {"Boko (Bénin)", "Basa Boo"}, ["bqd"] = {"Bung"}, ["bqf"] = {"Baga Kaloum"}, ["bqg"] = {"Bago-Kusuntu"}, ["bqh"] = {"Baima"}, ["bqi"] = {"Bakhtiari"}, ["bqj"] = {"Bandial"}, ["bqk"] = {"Banda-Mbrès"}, ["bql"] = {"Karian", "Bilakura"}, ["bqm"] = {"Wumboko"}, ["bqn"] = {"Basa Isarat Bulgaria"}, ["bqo"] = {"Balo"}, ["bqp"] = {"Busa"}, ["bqq"] = {"Biritai"}, ["bqr"] = {"Burusu"}, ["bqs"] = {"Bosngun"}, ["bqt"] = {"Bamukumbit"}, ["bqu"] = {"Boguru"}, ["bqv"] = {"Koro Wachi", "Basa Begbere-Ejar"}, ["bqw"] = {"Buru (Nigéria)"}, ["bqx"] = {"Baangi"}, ["bqy"] = {"Basa Isarat Bengkala"}, ["bqz"] = {"Bakaka"}, ["bra"] = {"Braj"}, ["brb"] = {"Brao", "Lave"}, ["brc"] = {"Berbice Creole Dutch"}, ["brd"] = {"Baraamu"}, ["brf"] = {"Bira"}, ["brg"] = {"Baure"}, ["brh"] = {"Brahui"}, ["bri"] = {"Mokpwe"}, ["brj"] = {"Bieria"}, ["brk"] = {"Birked"}, ["brl"] = {"Birwa"}, ["brm"] = {"Barambu"}, ["brn"] = {"Boruca"}, ["bro"] = {"Brokkat"}, ["brp"] = {"Barapasi"}, ["brq"] = {"Breri"}, ["brr"] = {"Birao"}, ["brs"] = {"Baras"}, ["brt"] = {"Bitare"}, ["bru"] = {"Eastern Bru"}, ["brv"] = {"Western Bru"}, ["brw"] = {"Bellari"}, ["brx"] = {"Bodo (India)"}, ["bry"] = {"Burui"}, ["brz"] = {"Bilbil"}, ["bsa"] = {"Abinomn"}, ["bsb"] = {"Brunei Bisaya"}, ["bsc"] = {"Bassari", "Oniyan"}, ["bse"] = {"Wushi"}, ["bsf"] = {"Bauchi"}, ["bsg"] = {"Bashkardi"}, ["bsh"] = {"Kati"}, ["bsi"] = {"Bassossi"}, ["bsj"] = {"Bangwinji"}, ["bsk"] = {"Burushaski"}, ["bsl"] = {"Basa-Gumna"}, ["bsm"] = {"Busami"}, ["bsn"] = {"Barasana-Eduria"}, ["bso"] = {"Buso"}, ["bsp"] = {"Baga Sitemu"}, ["bsq"] = {"Bassa"}, ["bsr"] = {"Bassa-Kontagora"}, ["bss"] = {"Akoose"}, ["bst"] = {"Basketo"}, ["bsu"] = {"Bahonsuai"}, ["bsv"] = {"Baga Sobané"}, ["bsw"] = {"Baiso"}, ["bsx"] = {"Yangkam"}, ["bsy"] = {"Sabah Bisaya"}, ["bta"] = {"Bata"}, ["btc"] = {"Bati (Kamerun)"}, ["btd"] = {"Batak Dairi"}, ["bte"] = {"Gamo-Ningi"}, ["btf"] = {"Birgit"}, ["btg"] = {"Gagnoa Bété"}, ["bth"] = {"Biatah Bidayuh"}, ["bti"] = {"Burate"}, ["btj"] = {"Bacanese Malay"}, ["btk"] = {"Rungkun basa Batak"}, ["btm"] = {"Batak Mandailing"}, ["btn"] = {"Ratagnon"}, ["bto"] = {"Rinconada Bikol"}, ["btp"] = {"Budibud"}, ["btq"] = {"Batek"}, ["btr"] = {"Baetora"}, ["bts"] = {"Batak Simalungun"}, ["btt"] = {"Bete-Bendi"}, ["btu"] = {"Batu"}, ["btv"] = {"Bateri"}, ["btw"] = {"Butuanon"}, ["btx"] = {"Batak Karo"}, ["bty"] = {"Bobot"}, ["btz"] = {"Batak Alas-Kluet"}, ["bua"] = {"Buriat"}, ["bub"] = {"Bua"}, ["buc"] = {"Bushi"}, ["bud"] = {"Ntcham"}, ["bue"] = {"Beothuk"}, ["buf"] = {"Bushoong"}, ["bug"] = {"Buginese"}, ["buh"] = {"Younuo Bunu"}, ["bui"] = {"Bongili"}, ["buj"] = {"Basa-Gurmana"}, ["buk"] = {"Bugawac"}, ["bum"] = {"Bulu (Kamerun)"}, ["bun"] = {"Sherbro"}, ["buo"] = {"Terei"}, ["bup"] = {"Busoa"}, ["buq"] = {"Brem"}, ["bus"] = {"Bokobaru"}, ["but"] = {"Bungain"}, ["buu"] = {"Budu"}, ["buv"] = {"Bun"}, ["buw"] = {"Bubi"}, ["bux"] = {"Boghom"}, ["buy"] = {"Bullom So"}, ["buz"] = {"Bukwen"}, ["bva"] = {"Barein"}, ["bvb"] = {"Bube"}, ["bvc"] = {"Baelelea"}, ["bvd"] = {"Baeggu"}, ["bve"] = {"Berau Malay"}, ["bvf"] = {"Boor"}, ["bvg"] = {"Bonkeng"}, ["bvh"] = {"Bure"}, ["bvi"] = {"Belanda Viri"}, ["bvj"] = {"Baan"}, ["bvk"] = {"Bukat"}, ["bvl"] = {"Basa Isarat Bolivia"}, ["bvm"] = {"Bamunka"}, ["bvn"] = {"Buna"}, ["bvo"] = {"Bolgo"}, ["bvp"] = {"Bumang"}, ["bvq"] = {"Birri"}, ["bvr"] = {"Burarra"}, ["bvt"] = {"Bati (Indonésia)"}, ["bvu"] = {"Bukit Malay"}, ["bvv"] = {"Baniva"}, ["bvw"] = {"Boga"}, ["bvx"] = {"Dibole"}, ["bvy"] = {"Baybayanon"}, ["bvz"] = {"Bauzi"}, ["bwa"] = {"Bwatoo"}, ["bwb"] = {"Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua"}, ["bwc"] = {"Bwile"}, ["bwd"] = {"Bwaidoka"}, ["bwe"] = {"Bwe Karen"}, ["bwf"] = {"Boselewa"}, ["bwg"] = {"Barwe"}, ["bwh"] = {"Bishuo"}, ["bwi"] = {"Baniwa"}, ["bwj"] = {"Láá Láá Bwamu"}, ["bwk"] = {"Bauwaki"}, ["bwl"] = {"Bwela"}, ["bwm"] = {"Biwat"}, ["bwn"] = {"Wunai Bunu"}, ["bwo"] = {"Boro (Ethiopia)", "Borna (Ethiopia)"}, ["bwp"] = {"Mandobo Bawah"}, ["bwq"] = {"Southern Bobo Madaré"}, ["bwr"] = {"Bura-Pabir"}, ["bws"] = {"Bomboma"}, ["bwt"] = {"Bafaw-Balong"}, ["bwu"] = {"Buli (Ghana)"}, ["bww"] = {"Bwa"}, ["bwx"] = {"Bu-Nao Bunu"}, ["bwy"] = {"Cwi Bwamu"}, ["bwz"] = {"Bwisi"}, ["bxa"] = {"Tairaha"}, ["bxb"] = {"Belanda Bor"}, ["bxc"] = {"Molengue"}, ["bxd"] = {"Pela"}, ["bxe"] = {"Birale"}, ["bxf"] = {"Bilur", "Minigir"}, ["bxg"] = {"Bangala"}, ["bxh"] = {"Buhutu"}, ["bxi"] = {"Pirlatapa"}, ["bxj"] = {"Bayungu"}, ["bxk"] = {"Bukusu", "Lubukusu"}, ["bxl"] = {"Jalkunan"}, ["bxm"] = {"Mongolia Buriat"}, ["bxn"] = {"Burduna"}, ["bxo"] = {"Barikanchi"}, ["bxp"] = {"Bebil"}, ["bxq"] = {"Beele"}, ["bxr"] = {"Russia Buriat"}, ["bxs"] = {"Busam"}, ["bxu"] = {"China Buriat"}, ["bxv"] = {"Berakou"}, ["bxw"] = {"Bankagooma"}, ["bxz"] = {"Binahari"}, ["bya"] = {"Batak"}, ["byb"] = {"Bikya"}, ["byc"] = {"Ubaghara"}, ["byd"] = {"Benyadu'"}, ["bye"] = {"Pouye"}, ["byf"] = {"Bete"}, ["byg"] = {"Baygo"}, ["byh"] = {"Bhujel"}, ["byi"] = {"Buyu"}, ["byj"] = {"Bina (Nigéria)"}, ["byk"] = {"Biao"}, ["byl"] = {"Bayono"}, ["bym"] = {"Bidjara"}, ["byn"] = {"Bilin", "Blin"}, ["byo"] = {"Biyo"}, ["byp"] = {"Bumaji"}, ["byq"] = {"Basay"}, ["byr"] = {"Baruya", "Yipma"}, ["bys"] = {"Burak"}, ["byt"] = {"Berti"}, ["byv"] = {"Medumba"}, ["byw"] = {"Belhariya"}, ["byx"] = {"Qaqet"}, ["byz"] = {"Banaro"}, ["bza"] = {"Bandi"}, ["bzb"] = {"Andio"}, ["bzc"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bzd"] = {"Bribri"}, ["bze"] = {"Jenaama Bozo"}, ["bzf"] = {"Boikin"}, ["bzg"] = {"Babuza"}, ["bzh"] = {"Mapos Buang"}, ["bzi"] = {"Bisu"}, ["bzj"] = {"Belize Kriol English"}, ["bzk"] = {"Nicaragua Creole English"}, ["bzl"] = {"Boano (Sulawesi)"}, ["bzm"] = {"Bolondo"}, ["bzn"] = {"Boano (Maluku)"}, ["bzo"] = {"Bozaba"}, ["bzp"] = {"Kemberano"}, ["bzq"] = {"Buli (Indonésia)"}, ["bzr"] = {"Biri"}, ["bzs"] = {"Basa Isarat Brasil"}, ["bzt"] = {"Brithenig"}, ["bzu"] = {"Burmeso"}, ["bzv"] = {"Naami"}, ["bzw"] = {"Basa (Nigéria)"}, ["bzx"] = {"Kɛlɛngaxo Bozo"}, ["bzy"] = {"Obanliku"}, ["bzz"] = {"Evant"}, ["caa"] = {"Chortí"}, ["cab"] = {"Garifuna"}, ["cac"] = {"Chuj"}, ["cad"] = {"Caddo"}, ["cae"] = {"Lehar", "Laalaa"}, ["caf"] = {"Southern Carrier"}, ["cag"] = {"Nivaclé"}, ["cah"] = {"Cahuarano"}, ["cai"] = {"Rungkun basa Indian Amérika Tengah"}, ["caj"] = {"Chané"}, ["cak"] = {"Kaqchikel", "Cakchiquel"}, ["cal"] = {"Carolinian"}, ["cam"] = {"Cemuhî"}, ["can"] = {"Chambri"}, ["cao"] = {"Chácobo"}, ["cap"] = {"Chipaya"}, ["caq"] = {"Car Nicobarese"}, ["car"] = {"Galibi Carib"}, ["cas"] = {"Tsimané"}, ["cau"] = {"Rungkun basa Kaukasus"}, ["cav"] = {"Cavineña"}, ["caw"] = {"Callawalla"}, ["cax"] = {"Chiquitano"}, ["cay"] = {"Cayuga"}, ["caz"] = {"Canichana"}, ["cba"] = {"Rungkun basa Chibcha"}, ["cbb"] = {"Cabiyarí"}, ["cbc"] = {"Carapana"}, ["cbd"] = {"Carijona"}, ["cbg"] = {"Chimila"}, ["cbi"] = {"Chachi"}, ["cbj"] = {"Ede Cabe"}, ["cbk"] = {"Chavacano"}, ["cbl"] = {"Bualkhaw Chin"}, ["cbn"] = {"Nyahkur"}, ["cbo"] = {"Izora"}, ["cbq"] = {"Tsucuba", "Cuba"}, ["cbr"] = {"Cashibo-Cacataibo"}, ["cbs"] = {"Cashinahua"}, ["cbt"] = {"Chayahuita"}, ["cbu"] = {"Candoshi-Shapra"}, ["cbv"] = {"Cacua"}, ["cbw"] = {"Kinabalian"}, ["cby"] = {"Carabayo"}, ["ccc"] = {"Chamicuro"}, ["ccd"] = {"Cafundo Creole"}, ["cce"] = {"Chopi"}, ["ccg"] = {"Samba Daka"}, ["cch"] = {"Atsam"}, ["ccj"] = {"Kasanga"}, ["ccl"] = {"Cutchi-Swahili"}, ["ccm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Malay"}, ["ccn"] = {"Rungkun basa Kaukasus Kalér"}, ["cco"] = {"Comaltepec Chinantec"}, ["ccp"] = {"Chakma"}, ["ccr"] = {"Cacaopera"}, ["ccs"] = {"Rungkun basa Kaukasus Kidul"}, ["cda"] = {"Choni"}, ["cdc"] = {"Rungkun basa Chad"}, ["cdd"] = {"Rungkun basa Caddo"}, ["cde"] = {"Chenchu"}, ["cdf"] = {"Chiru"}, ["cdh"] = {"Chambeali"}, ["cdi"] = {"Chodri"}, ["cdj"] = {"Churahi"}, ["cdm"] = {"Chepang"}, ["cdn"] = {"Chaudangsi"}, ["cdo"] = {"Min Dong Chinese"}, ["cdr"] = {"Cinda-Regi-Tiyal"}, ["cds"] = {"Basa Isarat Chad"}, ["cdy"] = {"Chadong"}, ["cdz"] = {"Koda"}, ["cea"] = {"Lower Chehalis"}, ["ceb"] = {"Cebuano"}, ["ceg"] = {"Chamacoco"}, ["cek"] = {"Eastern Khumi Chin"}, ["cel"] = {"Rungkun basa Kéltik"}, ["cen"] = {"Cen"}, ["cet"] = {"Centúúm"}, ["cey"] = {"Ekai Chin"}, ["cfa"] = {"Dijim-Bwilim"}, ["cfd"] = {"Cara"}, ["cfg"] = {"Como Karim"}, ["cfm"] = {"Falam Chin"}, ["cga"] = {"Changriwa"}, ["cgc"] = {"Kagayanen"}, ["cgg"] = {"Chiga"}, ["cgk"] = {"Chocangacakha"}, ["chb"] = {"Chibcha"}, ["chc"] = {"Catawba"}, ["chd"] = {"Highland Oaxaca Chontal"}, ["chf"] = {"Tabasco Chontal"}, ["chg"] = {"Chagatai"}, ["chh"] = {"Chinook"}, ["chj"] = {"Ojitlán Chinantec"}, ["chk"] = {"Chuukese"}, ["chl"] = {"Cahuilla"}, ["chm"] = {"Mari (Rusia)"}, ["chn"] = {"Chinook jargon"}, ["cho"] = {"Choctaw"}, ["chp"] = {"Chipewyan", "Dene Suline"}, ["chq"] = {"Quiotepec Chinantec"}, ["chr"] = {"Cherokee"}, ["cht"] = {"Cholón"}, ["chw"] = {"Chuwabu"}, ["chx"] = {"Chantyal"}, ["chy"] = {"Cheyenne"}, ["chz"] = {"Ozumacín Chinantec"}, ["cia"] = {"Cia-Cia"}, ["cib"] = {"Ci Gbe"}, ["cic"] = {"Chickasaw"}, ["cid"] = {"Chimariko"}, ["cie"] = {"Cineni"}, ["cih"] = {"Chinali"}, ["cik"] = {"Chitkuli Kinnauri"}, ["cim"] = {"Cimbrian"}, ["cin"] = {"Cinta Larga"}, ["cip"] = {"Chiapanec"}, ["cir"] = {"Tiri", "Basa Haméa", "Basa Méa"}, ["ciw"] = {"Chippewa"}, ["ciy"] = {"Chaima"}, ["cja"] = {"Western Cham"}, ["cje"] = {"Chru"}, ["cjh"] = {"Upper Chehalis"}, ["cji"] = {"Chamalal"}, ["cjk"] = {"Chokwe"}, ["cjm"] = {"Eastern Cham"}, ["cjn"] = {"Chenapian"}, ["cjo"] = {"Ashéninka Pajonal"}, ["cjp"] = {"Cabécar"}, ["cjs"] = {"Shor"}, ["cjv"] = {"Chuave"}, ["cjy"] = {"Jinyu Chinese"}, ["ckb"] = {"Kurdi Tengah"}, ["ckh"] = {"Chak"}, ["ckl"] = {"Cibak"}, ["ckm"] = {"Chakavian"}, ["ckn"] = {"Kaang Chin"}, ["cko"] = {"Anufo"}, ["ckq"] = {"Kajakse"}, ["ckr"] = {"Kairak"}, ["cks"] = {"Tayo"}, ["ckt"] = {"Chukot"}, ["cku"] = {"Koasati"}, ["ckv"] = {"Kavalan"}, ["ckx"] = {"Caka"}, ["cky"] = {"Cakfem-Mushere"}, ["ckz"] = {"Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language"}, ["cla"] = {"Ron"}, ["clc"] = {"Chilcotin", "Tsilhqot’in"}, ["cld"] = {"Chaldean Neo-Aramaic"}, ["cle"] = {"Lealao Chinantec"}, ["clh"] = {"Chilisso"}, ["cli"] = {"Chakali"}, ["clj"] = {"Laitu Chin"}, ["clk"] = {"Idu-Mishmi"}, ["cll"] = {"Chala"}, ["clm"] = {"Klallam", "Clallam"}, ["clo"] = {"Lowland Oaxaca Chontal"}, ["cls"] = {"Classical Sanskrit"}, ["clt"] = {"Lautu Chin"}, ["clu"] = {"Caluyanun"}, ["clw"] = {"Chulym"}, ["cly"] = {"Eastern Highland Chatino"}, ["cma"] = {"Maa"}, ["cmc"] = {"Rungkun basa Chamik"}, ["cme"] = {"Cerma"}, ["cmg"] = {"Classical Mongolian"}, ["cmi"] = {"Emberá-Chamí"}, ["cml"] = {"Campalagian"}, ["cmm"] = {"Michigamea"}, ["cmn"] = {"Mandarin Chinese"}, ["cmo"] = {"Central Mnong"}, ["cmr"] = {"Mro-Khimi Chin"}, ["cms"] = {"Messapic"}, ["cmt"] = {"Camtho"}, ["cna"] = {"Changthang"}, ["cnb"] = {"Chinbon Chin"}, ["cnc"] = {"Côông"}, ["cng"] = {"Northern Qiang"}, ["cnh"] = {"Hakha Chin", "Haka Chin"}, ["cni"] = {"Asháninka"}, ["cnk"] = {"Khumi Chin"}, ["cnl"] = {"Lalana Chinantec"}, ["cno"] = {"Con"}, ["cnp"] = {"Northern Ping Chinese", "Northern Pinghua"}, ["cnq"] = {"Chung"}, ["cnr"] = {"Montenegrin"}, ["cns"] = {"Central Asmat"}, ["cnt"] = {"Tepetotutla Chinantec"}, ["cnu"] = {"Chenoua"}, ["cnw"] = {"Ngawn Chin"}, ["cnx"] = {"Middle Cornish"}, ["coa"] = {"Cocos Islands Malay"}, ["cob"] = {"Chicomuceltec"}, ["coc"] = {"Cocopa"}, ["cod"] = {"Cocama-Cocamilla"}, ["coe"] = {"Koreguaje"}, ["cof"] = {"Colorado"}, ["cog"] = {"Chong"}, ["coh"] = {"Chonyi-Dzihana-Kauma", "Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma"}, ["coj"] = {"Cochimi"}, ["cok"] = {"Santa Teresa Cora"}, ["col"] = {"Columbia-Wenatchi"}, ["com"] = {"Comanche"}, ["con"] = {"Cofán"}, ["coo"] = {"Comox"}, ["cop"] = {"Coptic"}, ["coq"] = {"Coquille"}, ["cot"] = {"Caquinte"}, ["cou"] = {"Wamey"}, ["cov"] = {"Cao Miao"}, ["cow"] = {"Cowlitz"}, ["cox"] = {"Nanti"}, ["coz"] = {"Chochotec"}, ["cpa"] = {"Palantla Chinantec"}, ["cpb"] = {"Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka"}, ["cpc"] = {"Ajyíninka Apurucayali"}, ["cpe"] = {"English-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cpf"] = {"French-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cpg"] = {"Cappadocian Greek"}, ["cpi"] = {"Chinese Pidgin English"}, ["cpn"] = {"Cherepon"}, ["cpo"] = {"Kpeego"}, ["cpp"] = {"Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cps"] = {"Capiznon"}, ["cpu"] = {"Pichis Ashéninka"}, ["cpx"] = {"Pu-Xian Chinese"}, ["cpy"] = {"South Ucayali Ashéninka"}, ["cqd"] = {"Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao"}, ["cra"] = {"Chara"}, ["crb"] = {"Island Carib"}, ["crc"] = {"Lonwolwol"}, ["crd"] = {"Coeur d'Alene"}, ["crf"] = {"Caramanta"}, ["crg"] = {"Michif"}, ["crh"] = {"Crimean Tatar", "Crimean Turkish"}, ["cri"] = {"Sãotomense"}, ["crj"] = {"Southern East Cree"}, ["crk"] = {"Plains Cree"}, ["crl"] = {"Northern East Cree"}, ["crm"] = {"Moose Cree"}, ["crn"] = {"El Nayar Cora"}, ["cro"] = {"Crow"}, ["crp"] = {"Creoles and pidgins"}, ["crq"] = {"Iyo'wujwa Chorote"}, ["crr"] = {"Carolina Algonquian"}, ["crs"] = {"Seselwa Creole French"}, ["crt"] = {"Iyojwa'ja Chorote"}, ["crv"] = {"Chaura"}, ["crw"] = {"Chrau"}, ["crx"] = {"Carrier"}, ["cry"] = {"Cori"}, ["crz"] = {"Cruzeño"}, ["csa"] = {"Chiltepec Chinantec"}, ["csb"] = {"Kashubian"}, ["csc"] = {"Basa Isarat Katalan", "Lengua de señas catalana", "Llengua de Signes Catalana"}, ["csd"] = {"Basa Isarat Chiangmai"}, ["cse"] = {"Basa Isarat Céko"}, ["csf"] = {"Basa Isarat Kuba"}, ["csg"] = {"Basa Isarat Cilé"}, ["csh"] = {"Asho Chin"}, ["csi"] = {"Coast Miwok"}, ["csj"] = {"Songlai Chin"}, ["csk"] = {"Jola-Kasa"}, ["csl"] = {"Basa Isarat Tionghoa"}, ["csm"] = {"Central Sierra Miwok"}, ["csn"] = {"Basa Isarat Kolombia"}, ["cso"] = {"Sochiapam Chinantec", "Sochiapan Chinantec"}, ["csp"] = {"Southern Ping Chinese", "Southern Pinghua"}, ["csq"] = {"Basa Isarat Kroasia"}, ["csr"] = {"Basa Isarat Kosta Rika"}, ["css"] = {"Southern Ohlone"}, ["cst"] = {"Northern Ohlone"}, ["csu"] = {"Rungkun basa Sudan Tengah"}, ["csv"] = {"Sumtu Chin"}, ["csw"] = {"Swampy Cree"}, ["csx"] = {"Basa Isarat Kamboja"}, ["csy"] = {"Siyin Chin"}, ["csz"] = {"Coos"}, ["cta"] = {"Tataltepec Chatino"}, ["ctc"] = {"Chetco"}, ["ctd"] = {"Tedim Chin"}, ["cte"] = {"Tepinapa Chinantec"}, ["ctg"] = {"Chittagonian"}, ["cth"] = {"Thaiphum Chin"}, ["ctl"] = {"Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec"}, ["ctm"] = {"Chitimacha"}, ["ctn"] = {"Chhintange"}, ["cto"] = {"Emberá-Catío"}, ["ctp"] = {"Western Highland Chatino"}, ["cts"] = {"Northern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["ctt"] = {"Wayanad Chetti"}, ["ctu"] = {"Chol"}, ["cty"] = {"Moundadan Chetty"}, ["ctz"] = {"Zacatepec Chatino"}, ["cua"] = {"Cua"}, ["cub"] = {"Cubeo"}, ["cuc"] = {"Usila Chinantec"}, ["cuh"] = {"Chuka", "Gichuka"}, ["cui"] = {"Cuiba"}, ["cuj"] = {"Mashco Piro"}, ["cuk"] = {"San Blas Kuna"}, ["cul"] = {"Culina", "Kulina"}, ["cuo"] = {"Cumanagoto"}, ["cup"] = {"Cupeño"}, ["cuq"] = {"Cun"}, ["cur"] = {"Chhulung"}, ["cus"] = {"Rungkun basa Kush"}, ["cut"] = {"Teutila Cuicatec"}, ["cuu"] = {"Tai Ya"}, ["cuv"] = {"Cuvok"}, ["cuw"] = {"Chukwa"}, ["cux"] = {"Tepeuxila Cuicatec"}, ["cuy"] = {"Cuitlatec"}, ["cvg"] = {"Chug"}, ["cvn"] = {"Valle Nacional Chinantec"}, ["cwa"] = {"Kabwa"}, ["cwb"] = {"Maindo"}, ["cwd"] = {"Woods Cree"}, ["cwe"] = {"Kwere"}, ["cwg"] = {"Chewong", "Cheq Wong"}, ["cwt"] = {"Kuwaataay"}, ["cxh"] = {"Cha'ari"}, ["cya"] = {"Nopala Chatino"}, ["cyb"] = {"Cayubaba"}, ["cyo"] = {"Cuyonon"}, ["czh"] = {"Huizhou Chinese"}, ["czk"] = {"Knaanic"}, ["czn"] = {"Zenzontepec Chatino"}, ["czo"] = {"Min Zhong Chinese"}, ["czt"] = {"Zotung Chin"}, ["daa"] = {"Dangaléat"}, ["dac"] = {"Dambi"}, ["dad"] = {"Marik"}, ["dae"] = {"Duupa"}, ["dag"] = {"Dagbani"}, ["dah"] = {"Gwahatike"}, ["dai"] = {"Day"}, ["daj"] = {"Dar Fur Daju"}, ["dak"] = {"Dakota"}, ["dal"] = {"Dahalo"}, ["dam"] = {"Damakawa"}, ["dao"] = {"Daai Chin"}, ["daq"] = {"Dandami Maria"}, ["dar"] = {"Dargwa"}, ["das"] = {"Daho-Doo"}, ["dau"] = {"Dar Sila Daju"}, ["dav"] = {"Taita", "Dawida"}, ["daw"] = {"Davawenyo"}, ["dax"] = {"Dayi"}, ["day"] = {"Rungkun basa Dayak Darat"}, ["daz"] = {"Moi-Wadea", "Dao"}, ["dba"] = {"Bangime"}, ["dbb"] = {"Deno"}, ["dbd"] = {"Dadiya"}, ["dbe"] = {"Dabe"}, ["dbf"] = {"Edopi"}, ["dbg"] = {"Dogul Dom Dogon"}, ["dbi"] = {"Doka"}, ["dbj"] = {"Ida'an"}, ["dbl"] = {"Dyirbal"}, ["dbm"] = {"Duguri"}, ["dbn"] = {"Duriankere"}, ["dbo"] = {"Dulbu"}, ["dbp"] = {"Duwai"}, ["dbq"] = {"Daba"}, ["dbr"] = {"Dabarre"}, ["dbt"] = {"Ben Tey Dogon"}, ["dbu"] = {"Bondum Dom Dogon"}, ["dbv"] = {"Dungu"}, ["dbw"] = {"Bankan Tey Dogon"}, ["dby"] = {"Dibiyaso"}, ["dcc"] = {"Deccan"}, ["dcr"] = {"Negerhollands"}, ["dda"] = {"Dadi Dadi"}, ["ddd"] = {"Dongotono"}, ["dde"] = {"Doondo"}, ["ddg"] = {"Fataluku"}, ["ddi"] = {"Goodenough Kulon"}, ["ddj"] = {"Jaru"}, ["ddn"] = {"Dendi (Bénin)"}, ["ddo"] = {"Dido"}, ["ddr"] = {"Dhudhuroa"}, ["dds"] = {"Donno So Dogon"}, ["ddw"] = {"Dawera-Daweloor"}, ["dec"] = {"Dagik"}, ["ded"] = {"Dedua"}, ["dee"] = {"Dewoin"}, ["def"] = {"Dezfuli"}, ["deg"] = {"Degema"}, ["deh"] = {"Dehwari"}, ["dei"] = {"Demisa"}, ["del"] = {"Delaware"}, ["dem"] = {"Dem"}, ["den"] = {"Slavey"}, ["dep"] = {"Pidgin Delaware"}, ["deq"] = {"Dendi (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["der"] = {"Deori"}, ["des"] = {"Desano"}, ["dev"] = {"Domung"}, ["dez"] = {"Dengese"}, ["dga"] = {"Southern Dagaare"}, ["dgb"] = {"Bunoge Dogon"}, ["dgc"] = {"Casiguran Dumagat Agta"}, ["dgd"] = {"Dagaari Dioula"}, ["dge"] = {"Degenan"}, ["dgg"] = {"Doga"}, ["dgh"] = {"Dghwede"}, ["dgi"] = {"Northern Dagara"}, ["dgk"] = {"Dagba"}, ["dgl"] = {"Andaandi", "Dongolawi"}, ["dgn"] = {"Dagoman"}, ["dgo"] = {"Dogri (individual language)"}, ["dgr"] = {"Tlicho", "Dogrib", "Tłı̨chǫ"}, ["dgs"] = {"Dogoso"}, ["dgt"] = {"Ndra'ngith"}, ["dgw"] = {"Daungwurrung"}, ["dgx"] = {"Doghoro"}, ["dgz"] = {"Daga"}, ["dhd"] = {"Dhundari"}, ["dhg"] = {"Dhangu-Djangu", "Dhangu", "Djangu"}, ["dhi"] = {"Dhimal"}, ["dhl"] = {"Dhalandji"}, ["dhm"] = {"Zemba"}, ["dhn"] = {"Dhanki"}, ["dho"] = {"Dhodia"}, ["dhr"] = {"Dhargari"}, ["dhs"] = {"Dhaiso"}, ["dhu"] = {"Dhurga"}, ["dhv"] = {"Dehu", "Drehu"}, ["dhw"] = {"Dhanwar (Nepal)"}, ["dhx"] = {"Dhungaloo"}, ["dia"] = {"Dia"}, ["dib"] = {"South Central Dinka"}, ["dic"] = {"Lakota Dida"}, ["did"] = {"Didinga"}, ["dif"] = {"Dieri", "Diyari"}, ["dig"] = {"Digo", "Chidigo"}, ["dih"] = {"Kumiai"}, ["dii"] = {"Dimbong"}, ["dij"] = {"Dai"}, ["dik"] = {"Southwestern Dinka"}, ["dil"] = {"Dilling"}, ["dim"] = {"Dime"}, ["din"] = {"Dinka"}, ["dio"] = {"Dibo"}, ["dip"] = {"Northeastern Dinka"}, ["diq"] = {"Dimli (individual language)"}, ["dir"] = {"Dirim"}, ["dis"] = {"Dimasa"}, ["diu"] = {"Diriku"}, ["diw"] = {"Northwestern Dinka"}, ["dix"] = {"Dixon Reef"}, ["diy"] = {"Diuwe"}, ["diz"] = {"Ding"}, ["dja"] = {"Djadjawurrung"}, ["djb"] = {"Djinba"}, ["djc"] = {"Dar Daju Daju"}, ["djd"] = {"Djamindjung", "Ngaliwurru"}, ["dje"] = {"Zarma"}, ["djf"] = {"Djangun"}, ["dji"] = {"Djinang"}, ["djj"] = {"Djeebbana"}, ["djk"] = {"Eastern Maroon Creole", "Businenge Tongo", "Nenge"}, ["djm"] = {"Jamsay Dogon"}, ["djn"] = {"Jawoyn", "Djauan"}, ["djo"] = {"Jangkang"}, ["djr"] = {"Djambarrpuyngu"}, ["dju"] = {"Kapriman"}, ["djw"] = {"Djawi"}, ["dka"] = {"Dakpakha"}, ["dkg"] = {"Kadung"}, ["dkk"] = {"Dakka"}, ["dkr"] = {"Kuijau"}, ["dks"] = {"Southeastern Dinka"}, ["dkx"] = {"Mazagway"}, ["dlg"] = {"Dolgan"}, ["dlk"] = {"Dahalik"}, ["dlm"] = {"Dalmatian"}, ["dln"] = {"Darlong"}, ["dma"] = {"Duma"}, ["dmb"] = {"Mombo Dogon"}, ["dmc"] = {"Gavak"}, ["dmd"] = {"Madhi Madhi"}, ["dme"] = {"Dugwor"}, ["dmf"] = {"Medefaidrin"}, ["dmg"] = {"Upper Kinabatangan"}, ["dmk"] = {"Domaaki"}, ["dml"] = {"Dameli"}, ["dmm"] = {"Dama"}, ["dmn"] = {"Rungkun basa Mande"}, ["dmo"] = {"Kemedzung"}, ["dmr"] = {"East Damar"}, ["dms"] = {"Dampelas"}, ["dmu"] = {"Dubu", "Tebi"}, ["dmv"] = {"Dumpas"}, ["dmw"] = {"Mudburra"}, ["dmx"] = {"Dema"}, ["dmy"] = {"Demta", "Sowari"}, ["dna"] = {"Upper Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnd"] = {"Daonda"}, ["dne"] = {"Ndendeule"}, ["dng"] = {"Dungan"}, ["dni"] = {"Lower Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnj"] = {"Dan"}, ["dnk"] = {"Dengka"}, ["dnn"] = {"Dzùùngoo"}, ["dno"] = {"Ndrulo", "Northern Lendu"}, ["dnr"] = {"Danaru"}, ["dnt"] = {"Mid Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnu"] = {"Danau"}, ["dnv"] = {"Danu"}, ["dnw"] = {"Western Dani"}, ["dny"] = {"Dení"}, ["doa"] = {"Dom"}, ["dob"] = {"Dobu"}, ["doc"] = {"Northern Dong"}, ["doe"] = {"Doe"}, ["dof"] = {"Domu"}, ["doh"] = {"Dong"}, ["doi"] = {"Dogri (macrolanguage)"}, ["dok"] = {"Dondo"}, ["dol"] = {"Doso"}, ["don"] = {"Toura (Papua Nugini)"}, ["doo"] = {"Dongo"}, ["dop"] = {"Lukpa"}, ["doq"] = {"Basa Isarat Dominika"}, ["dor"] = {"Dori'o"}, ["dos"] = {"Dogosé"}, ["dot"] = {"Dass"}, ["dov"] = {"Dombe"}, ["dow"] = {"Doyayo"}, ["dox"] = {"Bussa"}, ["doy"] = {"Dompo"}, ["doz"] = {"Dorze"}, ["dpp"] = {"Papar"}, ["dra"] = {"Rungkun basa Dravida"}, ["drb"] = {"Dair"}, ["drc"] = {"Minderico"}, ["drd"] = {"Darmiya"}, ["dre"] = {"Dolpo"}, ["drg"] = {"Rungus"}, ["dri"] = {"C'Lela"}, ["drl"] = {"Paakantyi"}, ["drn"] = {"West Damar"}, ["dro"] = {"Daro-Matu Melanau"}, ["drq"] = {"Dura"}, ["drs"] = {"Gedeo"}, ["drt"] = {"Drents"}, ["dru"] = {"Rukai"}, ["dry"] = {"Darai"}, ["dsb"] = {"Lower Sorbian"}, ["dse"] = {"Basa Isarat Walanda"}, ["dsh"] = {"Daasanach"}, ["dsi"] = {"Disa"}, ["dsk"] = {"Dokshi"}, ["dsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Dénmark"}, ["dsn"] = {"Dusner"}, ["dso"] = {"Desiya"}, ["dsq"] = {"Tadaksahak"}, ["dsz"] = {"Basa Isarat Mardin"}, ["dta"] = {"Daur"}, ["dtb"] = {"Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan"}, ["dtd"] = {"Ditidaht"}, ["dth"] = {"Adithinngithigh"}, ["dti"] = {"Ana Tinga Dogon"}, ["dtk"] = {"Tene Kan Dogon"}, ["dtm"] = {"Tomo Kan Dogon"}, ["dtn"] = {"Daatsʼíin"}, ["dto"] = {"Tommo So Dogon"}, ["dtp"] = {"Kadazan Dusun", "Central Dusun"}, ["dtr"] = {"Lotud"}, ["dts"] = {"Toro So Dogon"}, ["dtt"] = {"Toro Tegu Dogon"}, ["dtu"] = {"Tebul Ure Dogon"}, ["dty"] = {"Dotyali"}, ["dua"] = {"Duala"}, ["dub"] = {"Dubli"}, ["duc"] = {"Duna"}, ["due"] = {"Umiray Dumaget Agta"}, ["duf"] = {"Dumbea", "Drubea"}, ["dug"] = {"Duruma", "Chiduruma"}, ["duh"] = {"Dungra Bhil"}, ["dui"] = {"Dumun"}, ["duk"] = {"Uyajitaya"}, ["dul"] = {"Alabat Island Agta"}, ["dum"] = {"Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)"}, ["dun"] = {"Dusun Deyah"}, ["duo"] = {"Dupaninan Agta"}, ["dup"] = {"Duano"}, ["duq"] = {"Dusun Malang"}, ["dur"] = {"Dii"}, ["dus"] = {"Dumi"}, ["duu"] = {"Drung"}, ["duv"] = {"Duvle"}, ["duw"] = {"Dusun Witu"}, ["dux"] = {"Duungooma"}, ["duy"] = {"Dicamay Agta"}, ["duz"] = {"Duli-Gey"}, ["dva"] = {"Duau"}, ["dwa"] = {"Diri"}, ["dwk"] = {"Dawik Kui"}, ["dwr"] = {"Dawro"}, ["dws"] = {"Dutton World Speedwords"}, ["dwu"] = {"Dhuwal"}, ["dww"] = {"Dawawa"}, ["dwy"] = {"Dhuwaya"}, ["dwz"] = {"Dewas Rai"}, ["dya"] = {"Dyan"}, ["dyb"] = {"Dyaberdyaber"}, ["dyd"] = {"Dyugun"}, ["dyg"] = {"Villa Viciosa Agta"}, ["dyi"] = {"Djimini Senoufo"}, ["dyl"] = {"Basa Isarat Butan"}, ["dym"] = {"Yanda Dom Dogon"}, ["dyn"] = {"Dyangadi", "Dhanggatti"}, ["dyo"] = {"Jola-Fonyi"}, ["dyr"] = {"Dyarim"}, ["dyu"] = {"Dyula"}, ["dyy"] = {"Djabugay", "Dyaabugay"}, ["dza"] = {"Tunzu"}, ["dzd"] = {"Daza"}, ["dze"] = {"Djiwarli"}, ["dzg"] = {"Dazaga"}, ["dzl"] = {"Dzalakha"}, ["dzn"] = {"Dzando"}, ["eaa"] = {"Karenggapa"}, ["ebc"] = {"Beginci"}, ["ebg"] = {"Ebughu"}, ["ebk"] = {"Eastern Bontok"}, ["ebo"] = {"Teke-Ebo"}, ["ebr"] = {"Ebrié"}, ["ebu"] = {"Embu", "Kiembu"}, ["ecr"] = {"Eteocretan"}, ["ecs"] = {"Basa Isarat Ékuador"}, ["ecy"] = {"Eteocypriot"}, ["eee"] = {"E"}, ["efa"] = {"Efai"}, ["efe"] = {"Efe"}, ["efi"] = {"Efik"}, ["ega"] = {"Ega"}, ["egl"] = {"Emilian"}, ["egm"] = {"Benamanga"}, ["ego"] = {"Eggon"}, ["egx"] = {"Rungkun basa Mesir"}, ["egy"] = {"Mesir"}, ["ehs"] = {"Basa Isarat Miyakubo"}, ["ehu"] = {"Ehueun"}, ["eip"] = {"Eipomek"}, ["eit"] = {"Eitiep"}, ["eiv"] = {"Askopan"}, ["eja"] = {"Ejamat"}, ["eka"] = {"Ekajuk"}, ["eke"] = {"Ekit"}, ["ekg"] = {"Ekari"}, ["eki"] = {"Eki"}, ["ekk"] = {"Standard Estonian"}, ["ekl"] = {"Kol (Bangladesh)", "Kol"}, ["ekm"] = {"Elip"}, ["eko"] = {"Koti"}, ["ekp"] = {"Ekpeye"}, ["ekr"] = {"Yace"}, ["eky"] = {"Eastern Kayah"}, ["ele"] = {"Elepi"}, ["elh"] = {"El Hugeirat"}, ["eli"] = {"Nding"}, ["elk"] = {"Elkei"}, ["elm"] = {"Eleme"}, ["elo"] = {"El Molo"}, ["elu"] = {"Elu"}, ["elx"] = {"Elamite"}, ["ema"] = {"Emai-Iuleha-Ora"}, ["emb"] = {"Embaloh"}, ["eme"] = {"Emerillon"}, ["emg"] = {"Eastern Meohang"}, ["emi"] = {"Mussau-Emira"}, ["emk"] = {"Eastern Maninkakan"}, ["emm"] = {"Mamulique"}, ["emn"] = {"Eman"}, ["emp"] = {"Northern Emberá"}, ["emq"] = {"Eastern Minyag"}, ["ems"] = {"Pacific Gulf Yupik"}, ["emu"] = {"Eastern Muria"}, ["emw"] = {"Emplawas"}, ["emx"] = {"Erromintxela"}, ["emy"] = {"Epigraphic Mayan"}, ["emz"] = {"Mbessa"}, ["ena"] = {"Apali"}, ["enb"] = {"Markweeta"}, ["enc"] = {"En"}, ["end"] = {"Ende"}, ["enf"] = {"Forest Enets"}, ["enh"] = {"Tundra Enets"}, ["enl"] = {"Enlhet"}, ["enm"] = {"Middle English (1100-1500)"}, ["enn"] = {"Engenni"}, ["eno"] = {"Enggano"}, ["enq"] = {"Enga"}, ["enr"] = {"Emumu", "Emem"}, ["enu"] = {"Enu"}, ["env"] = {"Enwan (Edo State)"}, ["enw"] = {"Enwan (Akwa Ibom State)"}, ["enx"] = {"Enxet"}, ["eot"] = {"Beti (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["epi"] = {"Epie"}, ["era"] = {"Eravallan"}, ["erg"] = {"Sie"}, ["erh"] = {"Eruwa"}, ["eri"] = {"Ogea"}, ["erk"] = {"South Efate"}, ["ero"] = {"Horpa"}, ["err"] = {"Erre"}, ["ers"] = {"Ersu"}, ["ert"] = {"Eritai"}, ["erw"] = {"Erokwanas"}, ["ese"] = {"Ese Ejja"}, ["esg"] = {"Aheri Gondi"}, ["esh"] = {"Eshtehardi"}, ["esi"] = {"North Alaskan Inupiatun"}, ["esk"] = {"Northwest Alaska Inupiatun"}, ["esl"] = {"Basa Isarat Mesir"}, ["esm"] = {"Esuma"}, ["esn"] = {"Basa Isarat Salvador"}, ["eso"] = {"Basa Isarat Éstonia"}, ["esq"] = {"Esselen"}, ["ess"] = {"Central Siberian Yupik"}, ["esu"] = {"Central Yupik"}, ["esx"] = {"Rungkun basa Éskimo-Aleut"}, ["esy"] = {"Eskayan"}, ["etb"] = {"Etebi"}, ["etc"] = {"Etchemin"}, ["eth"] = {"Basa Isarat Étiopia"}, ["etn"] = {"Eton (Vanuatu)"}, ["eto"] = {"Eton (Kamerun)"}, ["etr"] = {"Edolo"}, ["ets"] = {"Yekhee"}, ["ett"] = {"Etruscan"}, ["etu"] = {"Ejagham"}, ["etx"] = {"Eten"}, ["etz"] = {"Semimi"}, ["eud"] = {"Eudeve"}, ["euq"] = {"Baska (kulawarga)"}, ["eve"] = {"Even"}, ["evh"] = {"Uvbie"}, ["evn"] = {"Evenki"}, ["ewo"] = {"Ewondo"}, ["ext"] = {"Extremaduran"}, ["eya"] = {"Eyak"}, ["eyo"] = {"Keiyo"}, ["eza"] = {"Ezaa"}, ["eze"] = {"Uzekwe"}, ["faa"] = {"Fasu"}, ["fab"] = {"Fa d'Ambu"}, ["fad"] = {"Wagi"}, ["faf"] = {"Fagani"}, ["fag"] = {"Finongan"}, ["fah"] = {"Baissa Fali"}, ["fai"] = {"Faiwol"}, ["faj"] = {"Faita"}, ["fak"] = {"Fang (Kamerun)"}, ["fal"] = {"South Fali"}, ["fam"] = {"Fam"}, ["fan"] = {"Fang (Equatorial Guinea)"}, ["fap"] = {"Paloor"}, ["far"] = {"Fataleka"}, ["fat"] = {"Fanti"}, ["fau"] = {"Fayu"}, ["fax"] = {"Fala"}, ["fay"] = {"Southwestern Fars"}, ["faz"] = {"Northwestern Fars"}, ["fbl"] = {"West Albay Bikol"}, ["fcs"] = {"Basa Isarat Quebec"}, ["fer"] = {"Feroge"}, ["ffi"] = {"Foia Foia"}, ["ffm"] = {"Maasina Fulfulde"}, ["fgr"] = {"Fongoro"}, ["fia"] = {"Nobiin"}, ["fie"] = {"Fyer"}, ["fif"] = {"Faifi"}, ["fil"] = {"Filipino", "Pilipino"}, ["fip"] = {"Fipa"}, ["fir"] = {"Firan"}, ["fit"] = {"Tornedalen Finnish", "Meänkieli"}, ["fiu"] = {"Rungkun basa Finno-Ugri"}, ["fiw"] = {"Fiwaga"}, ["fkk"] = {"Kirya-Konzəl"}, ["fkv"] = {"Kven Finnish"}, ["fla"] = {"Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille"}, ["flh"] = {"Foau"}, ["fli"] = {"Fali"}, ["fll"] = {"North Fali"}, ["fln"] = {"Flinders Island"}, ["flr"] = {"Fuliiru"}, ["fly"] = {"Flaaitaal", "Tsotsitaal"}, ["fmp"] = {"Fe'fe'"}, ["fmu"] = {"Far Western Muria"}, ["fnb"] = {"Fanbak"}, ["fng"] = {"Fanagalo"}, ["fni"] = {"Fania"}, ["fod"] = {"Foodo"}, ["foi"] = {"Foi"}, ["fom"] = {"Foma"}, ["fon"] = {"Fon"}, ["for"] = {"Fore"}, ["fos"] = {"Siraya"}, ["fox"] = {"Rungkun basa Formosa"}, ["fpe"] = {"Fernando Po Creole English"}, ["fqs"] = {"Fas"}, ["frc"] = {"Cajun French"}, ["frd"] = {"Fordata"}, ["frk"] = {"Frankish"}, ["frm"] = {"Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)"}, ["fro"] = {"Old French (842-ca. 1400)"}, ["frp"] = {"Arpitan", "Francoprovençal"}, ["frq"] = {"Forak"}, ["frr"] = {"Northern Frisian"}, ["frs"] = {"Eastern Frisian"}, ["frt"] = {"Fortsenal"}, ["fse"] = {"Basa Isarat Finlandia"}, ["fsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Prancis"}, ["fss"] = {"Basa Isarat Finlandia Swédia", "finlandssvenskt teckenspråk", "suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli"}, ["fub"] = {"Adamawa Fulfulde"}, ["fuc"] = {"Pulaar"}, ["fud"] = {"East Futuna"}, ["fue"] = {"Borgu Fulfulde"}, ["fuf"] = {"Pular"}, ["fuh"] = {"Western Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fui"] = {"Bagirmi Fulfulde"}, ["fuj"] = {"Ko"}, ["fum"] = {"Fum"}, ["fun"] = {"Fulniô"}, ["fuq"] = {"Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fur"] = {"Friulian"}, ["fut"] = {"Futuna-Aniwa"}, ["fuu"] = {"Furu"}, ["fuv"] = {"Nigerian Fulfulde"}, ["fuy"] = {"Fuyug"}, ["fvr"] = {"Fur"}, ["fwa"] = {"Fwâi"}, ["fwe"] = {"Fwe"}, ["gaa"] = {"Ga"}, ["gab"] = {"Gabri"}, ["gac"] = {"Mixed Great Andamanese"}, ["gad"] = {"Gaddang"}, ["gae"] = {"Guarequena"}, ["gaf"] = {"Gende"}, ["gag"] = {"Gagauz"}, ["gah"] = {"Alekano"}, ["gai"] = {"Borei"}, ["gaj"] = {"Gadsup"}, ["gak"] = {"Gamkonora"}, ["gal"] = {"Galolen"}, ["gam"] = {"Kandawo"}, ["gan"] = {"Gan Chinese"}, ["gao"] = {"Gants"}, ["gap"] = {"Gal"}, ["gaq"] = {"Gata'"}, ["gar"] = {"Galeya"}, ["gas"] = {"Adiwasi Garasia"}, ["gat"] = {"Kenati"}, ["gau"] = {"Mudhili Gadaba"}, ["gaw"] = {"Nobonob"}, ["gax"] = {"Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo"}, ["gay"] = {"Gayo"}, ["gaz"] = {"West Central Oromo"}, ["gba"] = {"Gbaya (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["gbb"] = {"Kaytetye"}, ["gbd"] = {"Karajarri"}, ["gbe"] = {"Niksek"}, ["gbf"] = {"Gaikundi"}, ["gbg"] = {"Gbanziri"}, ["gbh"] = {"Defi Gbe"}, ["gbi"] = {"Galela"}, ["gbj"] = {"Bodo Gadaba"}, ["gbk"] = {"Gaddi"}, ["gbl"] = {"Gamit"}, ["gbm"] = {"Garhwali"}, ["gbn"] = {"Mo'da"}, ["gbo"] = {"Northern Grebo"}, ["gbp"] = {"Gbaya-Bossangoa"}, ["gbq"] = {"Gbaya-Bozoum"}, ["gbr"] = {"Gbagyi"}, ["gbs"] = {"Gbesi Gbe"}, ["gbu"] = {"Gagadu"}, ["gbv"] = {"Gbanu"}, ["gbw"] = {"Gabi-Gabi"}, ["gbx"] = {"Eastern Xwla Gbe"}, ["gby"] = {"Gbari"}, ["gbz"] = {"Zoroastrian Dari"}, ["gcc"] = {"Mali"}, ["gcd"] = {"Ganggalida"}, ["gce"] = {"Galice"}, ["gcf"] = {"Guadeloupean Creole French"}, ["gcl"] = {"Grenadian Creole English"}, ["gcn"] = {"Gaina"}, ["gcr"] = {"Guianese Creole French"}, ["gct"] = {"Colonia Tovar German"}, ["gda"] = {"Gade Lohar"}, ["gdb"] = {"Pottangi Ollar Gadaba"}, ["gdc"] = {"Gugu Badhun"}, ["gdd"] = {"Gedaged"}, ["gde"] = {"Gude"}, ["gdf"] = {"Guduf-Gava"}, ["gdg"] = {"Ga'dang"}, ["gdh"] = {"Gadjerawang", "Gajirrabeng"}, ["gdi"] = {"Gundi"}, ["gdj"] = {"Gurdjar"}, ["gdk"] = {"Gadang"}, ["gdl"] = {"Dirasha"}, ["gdm"] = {"Laal"}, ["gdn"] = {"Umanakaina"}, ["gdo"] = {"Ghodoberi"}, ["gdq"] = {"Mehri"}, ["gdr"] = {"Wipi"}, ["gds"] = {"Basa Isarat Ghandruk"}, ["gdt"] = {"Kungardutyi"}, ["gdu"] = {"Gudu"}, ["gdx"] = {"Godwari"}, ["gea"] = {"Geruma"}, ["geb"] = {"Kire"}, ["gec"] = {"Gboloo Grebo"}, ["ged"] = {"Gade"}, ["gef"] = {"Gerai"}, ["geg"] = {"Gengle"}, ["geh"] = {"Hutterite German", "Hutterisch"}, ["gei"] = {"Gebe"}, ["gej"] = {"Gen"}, ["gek"] = {"Ywom"}, ["gel"] = {"ut-Ma'in"}, ["gem"] = {"Rungkun basa Jérmanik"}, ["geq"] = {"Geme"}, ["ges"] = {"Geser-Gorom"}, ["gev"] = {"Eviya"}, ["gew"] = {"Gera"}, ["gex"] = {"Garre"}, ["gey"] = {"Enya"}, ["gez"] = {"Geez"}, ["gfk"] = {"Patpatar"}, ["gft"] = {"Gafat"}, ["gga"] = {"Gao"}, ["ggb"] = {"Gbii"}, ["ggd"] = {"Gugadj"}, ["gge"] = {"Gurr-goni"}, ["ggg"] = {"Gurgula"}, ["ggk"] = {"Kungarakany"}, ["ggl"] = {"Ganglau"}, ["ggt"] = {"Gitua"}, ["ggu"] = {"Gagu", "Gban"}, ["ggw"] = {"Gogodala"}, ["gha"] = {"Ghadamès"}, ["ghc"] = {"Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic"}, ["ghe"] = {"Southern Ghale"}, ["ghh"] = {"Northern Ghale"}, ["ghk"] = {"Geko Karen"}, ["ghl"] = {"Ghulfan"}, ["ghn"] = {"Ghanongga"}, ["gho"] = {"Ghomara"}, ["ghr"] = {"Ghera"}, ["ghs"] = {"Guhu-Samane"}, ["ght"] = {"Kuke", "Kutang Ghale"}, ["gia"] = {"Kija"}, ["gib"] = {"Gibanawa"}, ["gic"] = {"Gail"}, ["gid"] = {"Gidar"}, ["gie"] = {"Gaɓogbo", "Guébie"}, ["gig"] = {"Goaria"}, ["gih"] = {"Githabul"}, ["gii"] = {"Girirra"}, ["gil"] = {"Gilbertese"}, ["gim"] = {"Gimi (Eastern Highlands)"}, ["gin"] = {"Hinukh"}, ["gip"] = {"Gimi (West New Britain)"}, ["giq"] = {"Green Gelao"}, ["gir"] = {"Red Gelao"}, ["gis"] = {"North Giziga"}, ["git"] = {"Gitxsan"}, ["giu"] = {"Mulao"}, ["giw"] = {"White Gelao"}, ["gix"] = {"Gilima"}, ["giy"] = {"Giyug"}, ["giz"] = {"South Giziga"}, ["gjk"] = {"Kachi Koli"}, ["gjm"] = {"Gunditjmara"}, ["gjn"] = {"Gonja"}, ["gjr"] = {"Gurindji Kriol"}, ["gju"] = {"Gujari"}, ["gka"] = {"Guya"}, ["gkd"] = {"Magɨ (Madang Province)"}, ["gke"] = {"Ndai"}, ["gkn"] = {"Gokana"}, ["gko"] = {"Kok-Nar"}, ["gkp"] = {"Guinea Kpelle"}, ["gku"] = {"ǂUngkue"}, ["glb"] = {"Belning"}, ["glc"] = {"Bon Gula"}, ["gld"] = {"Nanai"}, ["glh"] = {"Northwest Pashai", "Northwest Pashayi"}, ["glj"] = {"Gula Iro"}, ["glk"] = {"Gilaki"}, ["gll"] = {"Garlali"}, ["glo"] = {"Galambu"}, ["glr"] = {"Glaro-Twabo"}, ["glu"] = {"Gula (Chad)"}, ["glw"] = {"Glavda"}, ["gly"] = {"Gule"}, ["gma"] = {"Gambera"}, ["gmb"] = {"Gula'alaa"}, ["gmd"] = {"Mághdì"}, ["gme"] = {"Rungkun basa Jérmanik Wétan"}, ["gmg"] = {"Magɨyi"}, ["gmh"] = {"Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)"}, ["gml"] = {"Middle Low German"}, ["gmm"] = {"Gbaya-Mbodomo"}, ["gmn"] = {"Gimnime"}, ["gmq"] = {"Rungkun basa Jérmanik Kalér"}, ["gmr"] = {"Mirning", "Mirniny"}, ["gmu"] = {"Gumalu"}, ["gmv"] = {"Gamo"}, ["gmw"] = {"Rungkun basa Jérmanik Kulon"}, ["gmx"] = {"Magoma"}, ["gmy"] = {"Mycenaean Greek"}, ["gmz"] = {"Mgbolizhia"}, ["gna"] = {"Kaansa"}, ["gnb"] = {"Gangte"}, ["gnc"] = {"Guanche"}, ["gnd"] = {"Zulgo-Gemzek"}, ["gne"] = {"Ganang"}, ["gng"] = {"Ngangam"}, ["gnh"] = {"Lere"}, ["gni"] = {"Gooniyandi"}, ["gnj"] = {"Ngen"}, ["gnk"] = {"ǁGana"}, ["gnl"] = {"Gangulu"}, ["gnm"] = {"Ginuman"}, ["gnn"] = {"Gumatj"}, ["gno"] = {"Northern Gondi"}, ["gnq"] = {"Gana"}, ["gnr"] = {"Gureng Gureng"}, ["gnt"] = {"Guntai"}, ["gnu"] = {"Gnau"}, ["gnw"] = {"Western Bolivian Guaraní"}, ["gnz"] = {"Ganzi"}, ["goa"] = {"Guro"}, ["gob"] = {"Playero"}, ["goc"] = {"Gorakor"}, ["god"] = {"Godié"}, ["goe"] = {"Gongduk"}, ["gof"] = {"Gofa"}, ["gog"] = {"Gogo"}, ["goh"] = {"Old High German (ca. 750-1050)"}, ["goi"] = {"Gobasi"}, ["goj"] = {"Gowlan"}, ["gok"] = {"Gowli"}, ["gol"] = {"Gola"}, ["gom"] = {"Goan Konkani"}, ["gon"] = {"Gondi"}, ["goo"] = {"Gone Dau"}, ["gop"] = {"Yeretuar"}, ["goq"] = {"Gorap"}, ["gor"] = {"Gorontalo"}, ["gos"] = {"Gronings"}, ["got"] = {"Gothic"}, ["gou"] = {"Gavar"}, ["gov"] = {"Goo"}, ["gow"] = {"Gorowa"}, ["gox"] = {"Gobu"}, ["goy"] = {"Goundo"}, ["goz"] = {"Gozarkhani"}, ["gpa"] = {"Gupa-Abawa"}, ["gpe"] = {"Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, ["gpn"] = {"Taiap"}, ["gqa"] = {"Ga'anda"}, ["gqi"] = {"Guiqiong"}, ["gqn"] = {"Guana (Brasil)"}, ["gqr"] = {"Gor"}, ["gqu"] = {"Qau"}, ["gra"] = {"Rajput Garasia"}, ["grb"] = {"Grebo"}, ["grc"] = {"Ancient Greek (to 1453)"}, ["grd"] = {"Guruntum-Mbaaru"}, ["grg"] = {"Madi"}, ["grh"] = {"Gbiri-Niragu"}, ["gri"] = {"Ghari"}, ["grj"] = {"Southern Grebo"}, ["grk"] = {"Rungkun basa Yunani"}, ["grm"] = {"Kota Marudu Talantang"}, ["gro"] = {"Groma"}, ["grq"] = {"Gorovu"}, ["grr"] = {"Taznatit"}, ["grs"] = {"Gresi"}, ["grt"] = {"Garo"}, ["gru"] = {"Kistane"}, ["grv"] = {"Central Grebo"}, ["grw"] = {"Gweda"}, ["grx"] = {"Guriaso"}, ["gry"] = {"Barclayville Grebo"}, ["grz"] = {"Guramalum"}, ["gse"] = {"Basa Isarat Ghana"}, ["gsg"] = {"Basa Isarat Jérman"}, ["gsl"] = {"Gusilay"}, ["gsm"] = {"Basa Isarat Guatémala"}, ["gsn"] = {"Nema", "Gusan"}, ["gso"] = {"Southwest Gbaya"}, ["gsp"] = {"Wasembo"}, ["gss"] = {"Basa Isarat Yunani"}, ["gsw"] = {"Suis Jérman", "Alemannic", "Alsatian"}, ["gta"] = {"Guató"}, ["gtu"] = {"Aghu-Tharnggala"}, ["gua"] = {"Shiki"}, ["gub"] = {"Guajajára"}, ["guc"] = {"Wayuu"}, ["gud"] = {"Yocoboué Dida"}, ["gue"] = {"Gurindji"}, ["guf"] = {"Gupapuyngu"}, ["gug"] = {"Paraguayan Guaraní"}, ["guh"] = {"Guahibo"}, ["gui"] = {"Eastern Bolivian Guaraní"}, ["guk"] = {"Gumuz"}, ["gul"] = {"Sea Island Creole English"}, ["gum"] = {"Guambiano"}, ["gun"] = {"Mbyá Guaraní"}, ["guo"] = {"Guayabero"}, ["gup"] = {"Gunwinggu"}, ["guq"] = {"Aché"}, ["gur"] = {"Farefare"}, ["gus"] = {"Basa Isarat Guinéa"}, ["gut"] = {"Maléku Jaíka"}, ["guu"] = {"Yanomamö"}, ["guw"] = {"Gun"}, ["gux"] = {"Gourmanchéma"}, ["guz"] = {"Gusii", "Ekegusii"}, ["gva"] = {"Guana (Paraguay)"}, ["gvc"] = {"Guanano"}, ["gve"] = {"Duwet"}, ["gvf"] = {"Golin"}, ["gvj"] = {"Guajá"}, ["gvl"] = {"Gulay"}, ["gvm"] = {"Gurmana"}, ["gvn"] = {"Kuku-Yalanji"}, ["gvo"] = {"Gavião Do Jiparaná"}, ["gvp"] = {"Pará Gavião"}, ["gvr"] = {"Gurung"}, ["gvs"] = {"Gumawana"}, ["gvy"] = {"Guyani"}, ["gwa"] = {"Mbato"}, ["gwb"] = {"Gwa"}, ["gwc"] = {"Gawri", "Kalami"}, ["gwd"] = {"Gawwada"}, ["gwe"] = {"Gweno"}, ["gwf"] = {"Gowro"}, ["gwg"] = {"Moo"}, ["gwi"] = {"Gwichʼin"}, ["gwj"] = {"ǀGwi"}, ["gwm"] = {"Awngthim"}, ["gwn"] = {"Gwandara"}, ["gwr"] = {"Gwere"}, ["gwt"] = {"Gawar-Bati"}, ["gwu"] = {"Guwamu"}, ["gww"] = {"Kwini"}, ["gwx"] = {"Gua"}, ["gxx"] = {"Wè Southern"}, ["gya"] = {"Northwest Gbaya"}, ["gyb"] = {"Garus"}, ["gyd"] = {"Kayardild"}, ["gye"] = {"Gyem"}, ["gyf"] = {"Gungabula"}, ["gyg"] = {"Gbayi"}, ["gyi"] = {"Gyele"}, ["gyl"] = {"Gayil"}, ["gym"] = {"Ngäbere"}, ["gyn"] = {"Guyanese Creole English"}, ["gyo"] = {"Gyalsumdo"}, ["gyr"] = {"Guarayu"}, ["gyy"] = {"Gunya"}, ["gyz"] = {"Geji", "Gyaazi"}, ["gza"] = {"Ganza"}, ["gzi"] = {"Gazi"}, ["gzn"] = {"Gane"}, ["haa"] = {"Hän"}, ["hab"] = {"Basa Isarat Hanoi"}, ["hac"] = {"Gurani"}, ["had"] = {"Hatam"}, ["hae"] = {"Eastern Oromo"}, ["haf"] = {"Basa Isarat Haiphong"}, ["hag"] = {"Hanga"}, ["hah"] = {"Hahon"}, ["hai"] = {"Haida"}, ["haj"] = {"Hajong"}, ["hak"] = {"Hakka Chinese"}, ["hal"] = {"Halang"}, ["ham"] = {"Hewa"}, ["han"] = {"Hangaza"}, ["hao"] = {"Hakö"}, ["hap"] = {"Hupla"}, ["haq"] = {"Ha"}, ["har"] = {"Harari"}, ["has"] = {"Haisla"}, ["hav"] = {"Havu"}, ["haw"] = {"Hawaiian"}, ["hax"] = {"Southern Haida"}, ["hay"] = {"Haya"}, ["haz"] = {"Hazaragi"}, ["hba"] = {"Hamba"}, ["hbb"] = {"Huba"}, ["hbn"] = {"Heiban"}, ["hbo"] = {"Ancient Hebrew"}, ["hbu"] = {"Habu"}, ["hca"] = {"Andaman Creole Hindi"}, ["hch"] = {"Huichol"}, ["hdn"] = {"Northern Haida"}, ["hds"] = {"Basa Isarat Honduras"}, ["hdy"] = {"Hadiyya"}, ["hea"] = {"Northern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hed"] = {"Herdé"}, ["heg"] = {"Helong"}, ["heh"] = {"Hehe"}, ["hei"] = {"Heiltsuk"}, ["hem"] = {"Hemba"}, ["hgm"] = {"Haiǁom"}, ["hgw"] = {"Haigwai"}, ["hhi"] = {"Hoia Hoia"}, ["hhr"] = {"Kerak"}, ["hhy"] = {"Hoyahoya"}, ["hia"] = {"Lamang"}, ["hib"] = {"Hibito"}, ["hid"] = {"Hidatsa"}, ["hif"] = {"Fiji Hindi"}, ["hig"] = {"Kamwe"}, ["hih"] = {"Pamosu"}, ["hii"] = {"Hinduri"}, ["hij"] = {"Hijuk"}, ["hik"] = {"Seit-Kaitetu"}, ["hil"] = {"Hiligaynon"}, ["him"] = {"Rungkun basa Himachal", "Rungkun basa Pahar Kulon"}, ["hio"] = {"Tsoa"}, ["hir"] = {"Himarimã"}, ["hit"] = {"Hittite"}, ["hiw"] = {"Hiw"}, ["hix"] = {"Hixkaryána"}, ["hji"] = {"Haji"}, ["hka"] = {"Kahe"}, ["hke"] = {"Hunde"}, ["hkh"] = {"Khah", "Poguli"}, ["hkk"] = {"Hunjara-Kaina Ke"}, ["hkn"] = {"Mel-Khaonh"}, ["hks"] = {"Basa Isarat Hong Kong", "Heung Kong Sau Yue"}, ["hla"] = {"Halia"}, ["hlb"] = {"Halbi"}, ["hld"] = {"Halang Doan"}, ["hle"] = {"Hlersu"}, ["hlt"] = {"Matu Chin"}, ["hlu"] = {"Hieroglyphic Luwian"}, ["hma"] = {"Southern Mashan Hmong", "Southern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmb"] = {"Humburi Senni Songhay"}, ["hmc"] = {"Central Huishui Hmong", "Central Huishui Miao"}, ["hmd"] = {"Large Flowery Miao", "A-hmaos", "Da-Hua Miao"}, ["hme"] = {"Eastern Huishui Hmong", "Eastern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmf"] = {"Hmong Don"}, ["hmg"] = {"Southwestern Guiyang Hmong"}, ["hmh"] = {"Southwestern Huishui Hmong", "Southwestern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmi"] = {"Northern Huishui Hmong", "Northern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmj"] = {"Ge", "Gejia"}, ["hmk"] = {"Maek"}, ["hml"] = {"Luopohe Hmong", "Luopohe Miao"}, ["hmm"] = {"Central Mashan Hmong", "Central Mashan Miao"}, ["hmn"] = {"Hmong", "Mong"}, ["hmp"] = {"Northern Mashan Hmong", "Northern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmq"] = {"Eastern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmr"] = {"Hmar"}, ["hms"] = {"Southern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmt"] = {"Hamtai"}, ["hmu"] = {"Hamap"}, ["hmv"] = {"Hmong Dô"}, ["hmw"] = {"Western Mashan Hmong", "Western Mashan Miao"}, ["hmx"] = {"Rungkun basa Hmong-Mien"}, ["hmy"] = {"Southern Guiyang Hmong", "Southern Guiyang Miao"}, ["hmz"] = {"Hmong Shua", "Sinicized Miao"}, ["hna"] = {"Mina (Kamerun)"}, ["hnd"] = {"Southern Hindko"}, ["hne"] = {"Chhattisgarhi"}, ["hng"] = {"Hungu"}, ["hnh"] = {"ǁAni"}, ["hni"] = {"Hani"}, ["hnj"] = {"Hmong Njua", "Mong Leng", "Mong Njua"}, ["hnm"] = {"Hainanese"}, ["hnn"] = {"Hanunoo"}, ["hno"] = {"Northern Hindko"}, ["hns"] = {"Caribbean Hindustani"}, ["hnu"] = {"Hung"}, ["hoa"] = {"Hoava"}, ["hob"] = {"Mari (Madang Province)"}, ["hoc"] = {"Ho"}, ["hod"] = {"Holma"}, ["hoe"] = {"Horom"}, ["hoh"] = {"Hobyót"}, ["hoi"] = {"Holikachuk"}, ["hoj"] = {"Hadothi", "Haroti"}, ["hok"] = {"Rungkun basa Hokan"}, ["hol"] = {"Holu"}, ["hom"] = {"Homa"}, ["hoo"] = {"Holoholo"}, ["hop"] = {"Hopi"}, ["hor"] = {"Horo"}, ["hos"] = {"Basa Isarat Ho Chi Minh City"}, ["hot"] = {"Hote", "Malê"}, ["hov"] = {"Hovongan"}, ["how"] = {"Honi"}, ["hoy"] = {"Holiya"}, ["hoz"] = {"Hozo"}, ["hpo"] = {"Hpon"}, ["hps"] = {"Basa Isarat Hawai'i", "Basa Isarat Pidgin Hawai'i"}, ["hra"] = {"Hrangkhol"}, ["hrc"] = {"Niwer Mil"}, ["hre"] = {"Hre"}, ["hrk"] = {"Haruku"}, ["hrm"] = {"Horned Miao"}, ["hro"] = {"Haroi"}, ["hrp"] = {"Nhirrpi"}, ["hrt"] = {"Hértevin"}, ["hru"] = {"Hruso"}, ["hrw"] = {"Warwar Feni"}, ["hrx"] = {"Hunsrik"}, ["hrz"] = {"Harzani"}, ["hsb"] = {"Upper Sorbian"}, ["hsh"] = {"Basa Isarat Hungaria"}, ["hsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Hausa"}, ["hsn"] = {"Xiang Chinese"}, ["hss"] = {"Harsusi"}, ["hti"] = {"Hoti"}, ["hto"] = {"Minica Huitoto"}, ["hts"] = {"Hadza"}, ["htu"] = {"Hitu"}, ["htx"] = {"Middle Hittite"}, ["hub"] = {"Huambisa"}, ["huc"] = {"ǂHua", "ǂʼAmkhoe"}, ["hud"] = {"Huaulu"}, ["hue"] = {"San Francisco Del Mar Huave"}, ["huf"] = {"Humene"}, ["hug"] = {"Huachipaeri"}, ["huh"] = {"Huilliche"}, ["hui"] = {"Huli"}, ["huj"] = {"Northern Guiyang Hmong", "Northern Guiyang Miao"}, ["huk"] = {"Hulung"}, ["hul"] = {"Hula"}, ["hum"] = {"Hungana"}, ["huo"] = {"Hu"}, ["hup"] = {"Hupa"}, ["huq"] = {"Tsat"}, ["hur"] = {"Halkomelem"}, ["hus"] = {"Huastec"}, ["hut"] = {"Humla"}, ["huu"] = {"Murui Huitoto"}, ["huv"] = {"San Mateo Del Mar Huave"}, ["huw"] = {"Hukumina"}, ["hux"] = {"Nüpode Huitoto"}, ["huy"] = {"Hulaulá"}, ["huz"] = {"Hunzib"}, ["hvc"] = {"Haitian Vodoun Culture Language"}, ["hve"] = {"San Dionisio Del Mar Huave"}, ["hvk"] = {"Haveke"}, ["hvn"] = {"Sabu"}, ["hvv"] = {"Santa María Del Mar Huave"}, ["hwa"] = {"Wané"}, ["hwc"] = {"Hawai'i Creole English", "Hawai'i Pidgin"}, ["hwo"] = {"Hwana"}, ["hya"] = {"Hya"}, ["hyw"] = {"Western Armenian"}, ["hyx"] = {"Arménia (kulawarga)"}, ["iai"] = {"Iaai"}, ["ian"] = {"Iatmul"}, ["iar"] = {"Purari"}, ["iba"] = {"Iban"}, ["ibb"] = {"Ibibio"}, ["ibd"] = {"Iwaidja"}, ["ibe"] = {"Akpes"}, ["ibg"] = {"Ibanag"}, ["ibh"] = {"Bih"}, ["ibl"] = {"Ibaloi"}, ["ibm"] = {"Agoi"}, ["ibn"] = {"Ibino"}, ["ibr"] = {"Ibuoro"}, ["ibu"] = {"Ibu"}, ["iby"] = {"Ibani"}, ["ica"] = {"Ede Ica"}, ["ich"] = {"Etkywan"}, ["icl"] = {"Basa Isarat Islandia"}, ["icr"] = {"Islander Creole English"}, ["ida"] = {"Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki", "Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi"}, ["idb"] = {"Indo-Portuguese"}, ["idc"] = {"Idon", "Ajiya"}, ["idd"] = {"Ede Idaca"}, ["ide"] = {"Idere"}, ["idi"] = {"Idi"}, ["idr"] = {"Indri"}, ["ids"] = {"Idesa"}, ["idt"] = {"Idaté"}, ["idu"] = {"Idoma"}, ["ifa"] = {"Amganad Ifugao"}, ["ifb"] = {"Batad Ifugao", "Ayangan Ifugao"}, ["ife"] = {"Ifè"}, ["iff"] = {"Ifo"}, ["ifk"] = {"Tuwali Ifugao"}, ["ifm"] = {"Teke-Fuumu"}, ["ifu"] = {"Mayoyao Ifugao"}, ["ify"] = {"Keley-I Kallahan"}, ["igb"] = {"Ebira"}, ["ige"] = {"Igede"}, ["igg"] = {"Igana"}, ["igl"] = {"Igala"}, ["igm"] = {"Kanggape"}, ["ign"] = {"Ignaciano"}, ["igo"] = {"Isebe"}, ["igs"] = {"Interglossa"}, ["igw"] = {"Igwe"}, ["ihb"] = {"Iha Based Pidgin"}, ["ihi"] = {"Ihievbe"}, ["ihp"] = {"Iha"}, ["ihw"] = {"Bidhawal"}, ["iin"] = {"Thiin"}, ["iir"] = {"Rungkun basa Indo-Iran"}, ["ijc"] = {"Izon"}, ["ije"] = {"Biseni"}, ["ijj"] = {"Ede Ije"}, ["ijn"] = {"Kalabari"}, ["ijo"] = {"Rungkun basa Ijo"}, ["ijs"] = {"Southeast Ijo"}, ["ike"] = {"Eastern Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["ikh"] = {"Ikhin-Arokho"}, ["iki"] = {"Iko"}, ["ikk"] = {"Ika"}, ["ikl"] = {"Ikulu"}, ["iko"] = {"Olulumo-Ikom"}, ["ikp"] = {"Ikpeshi"}, ["ikr"] = {"Ikaranggal"}, ["iks"] = {"Basa Isarat Inuit"}, ["ikt"] = {"Inuinnaqtun", "Western Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["ikv"] = {"Iku-Gora-Ankwa"}, ["ikw"] = {"Ikwere"}, ["ikx"] = {"Ik"}, ["ikz"] = {"Ikizu"}, ["ila"] = {"Ile Ape"}, ["ilb"] = {"Ila"}, ["ilg"] = {"Garig-Ilgar"}, ["ili"] = {"Ili Turki"}, ["ilk"] = {"Ilongot"}, ["ilm"] = {"Iranun (Malaysia)"}, ["ilo"] = {"Iloko"}, ["ilp"] = {"Iranun (Philippines)"}, ["ils"] = {"International Sign"}, ["ilu"] = {"Ili'uun"}, ["ilv"] = {"Ilue"}, ["ima"] = {"Mala Malasar"}, ["imi"] = {"Anamgura"}, ["iml"] = {"Miluk"}, ["imn"] = {"Imonda"}, ["imo"] = {"Imbongu"}, ["imr"] = {"Imroing"}, ["ims"] = {"Marsian"}, ["imt"] = {"Imotong"}, ["imy"] = {"Milyan"}, ["inb"] = {"Inga"}, ["inc"] = {"Rungkun basa Indo-Arya"}, ["ine"] = {"Rungkun basa Indo-Éropa"}, ["ing"] = {"Degexit'an"}, ["inh"] = {"Ingush"}, ["inj"] = {"Jungle Inga"}, ["inl"] = {"Basa Isarat Indonésia"}, ["inm"] = {"Minaean"}, ["inn"] = {"Isinai"}, ["ino"] = {"Inoke-Yate"}, ["inp"] = {"Iñapari"}, ["ins"] = {"Basa Isarat India"}, ["int"] = {"Intha"}, ["inz"] = {"Ineseño"}, ["ior"] = {"Inor"}, ["iou"] = {"Tuma-Irumu"}, ["iow"] = {"Iowa-Oto"}, ["ipi"] = {"Ipili"}, ["ipo"] = {"Ipiko"}, ["iqu"] = {"Iquito"}, ["iqw"] = {"Ikwo"}, ["ira"] = {"Rungkun basa Iran"}, ["ire"] = {"Iresim"}, ["irh"] = {"Irarutu"}, ["iri"] = {"Rigwe", "Irigwe"}, ["irk"] = {"Iraqw"}, ["irn"] = {"Irántxe"}, ["iro"] = {"Rungkun basa Iroquoian"}, ["irr"] = {"Ir"}, ["iru"] = {"Irula"}, ["irx"] = {"Kamberau"}, ["iry"] = {"Iraya"}, ["isa"] = {"Isabi"}, ["isc"] = {"Isconahua"}, ["isd"] = {"Isnag"}, ["ise"] = {"Basa Isarat Italia"}, ["isg"] = {"Basa Isarat Irlandia"}, ["ish"] = {"Esan"}, ["isi"] = {"Nkem-Nkum"}, ["isk"] = {"Ishkashimi"}, ["ism"] = {"Masimasi"}, ["isn"] = {"Isanzu"}, ["iso"] = {"Isoko"}, ["isr"] = {"Basa Isarat Israél"}, ["ist"] = {"Istriot"}, ["isu"] = {"Isu", "Isu (Menchum Division)"}, ["isv"] = {"Interslavic"}, ["itb"] = {"Binongan Itneg"}, ["itc"] = {"Rungkun basa Italik"}, ["itd"] = {"Southern Tidung"}, ["ite"] = {"Itene"}, ["iti"] = {"Inlaod Itneg"}, ["itk"] = {"Judeo-Italian"}, ["itl"] = {"Itelmen"}, ["itm"] = {"Itu Mbon Uzo"}, ["ito"] = {"Itonama"}, ["itr"] = {"Iteri"}, ["its"] = {"Isekiri"}, ["itt"] = {"Maeng Itneg"}, ["itv"] = {"Itawit"}, ["itw"] = {"Ito"}, ["itx"] = {"Itik"}, ["ity"] = {"Moyadan Itneg"}, ["itz"] = {"Itzá"}, ["ium"] = {"Iu Mien"}, ["ivb"] = {"Ibatan"}, ["ivv"] = {"Ivatan"}, ["iwk"] = {"I-Wak"}, ["iwm"] = {"Iwam"}, ["iwo"] = {"Iwur"}, ["iws"] = {"Sepik Iwam"}, ["ixc"] = {"Ixcatec"}, ["ixl"] = {"Ixil"}, ["iya"] = {"Iyayu"}, ["iyo"] = {"Mesaka"}, ["iyx"] = {"Yaka (Kongo)"}, ["izh"] = {"Ingrian"}, ["izm"] = {"Kizamani"}, ["izr"] = {"Izere"}, ["izz"] = {"Izii"}, ["jaa"] = {"Jamamadí"}, ["jab"] = {"Hyam"}, ["jac"] = {"Popti'", "Jakalteko"}, ["jad"] = {"Jahanka"}, ["jae"] = {"Yabem"}, ["jaf"] = {"Jara"}, ["jah"] = {"Jah Hut"}, ["jaj"] = {"Zazao"}, ["jak"] = {"Jakun"}, ["jal"] = {"Yalahatan"}, ["jam"] = {"Jamaican Creole English"}, ["jan"] = {"Jandai"}, ["jao"] = {"Yanyuwa"}, ["jaq"] = {"Yaqay"}, ["jas"] = {"New Caledonian Javanese"}, ["jat"] = {"Jakati"}, ["jau"] = {"Yaur"}, ["jax"] = {"Jambi Malay"}, ["jay"] = {"Yan-nhangu", "Nhangu"}, ["jaz"] = {"Jawe"}, ["jbe"] = {"Judeo-Berber"}, ["jbi"] = {"Badjiri"}, ["jbj"] = {"Arandai"}, ["jbk"] = {"Barikewa"}, ["jbm"] = {"Bijim"}, ["jbn"] = {"Nafusi"}, ["jbo"] = {"Lojban"}, ["jbr"] = {"Jofotek-Bromnya"}, ["jbt"] = {"Jabutí"}, ["jbu"] = {"Jukun Takum"}, ["jbw"] = {"Yawijibaya"}, ["jcs"] = {"Basa Isarat Nagara Jamaika"}, ["jct"] = {"Krymchak"}, ["jda"] = {"Jad"}, ["jdg"] = {"Jadgali"}, ["jdt"] = {"Judeo-Tat"}, ["jeb"] = {"Jebero"}, ["jee"] = {"Jerung"}, ["jeh"] = {"Jeh"}, ["jei"] = {"Yei"}, ["jek"] = {"Jeri Kuo"}, ["jel"] = {"Yelmek"}, ["jen"] = {"Dza"}, ["jer"] = {"Jere"}, ["jet"] = {"Manem"}, ["jeu"] = {"Jonkor Bourmataguil"}, ["jgb"] = {"Ngbee"}, ["jge"] = {"Judeo-Georgian"}, ["jgk"] = {"Gwak"}, ["jgo"] = {"Ngomba"}, ["jhi"] = {"Jehai"}, ["jhs"] = {"Basa Isarat Jhankot"}, ["jia"] = {"Jina"}, ["jib"] = {"Jibu"}, ["jic"] = {"Tol"}, ["jid"] = {"Bu (Kaduna State)"}, ["jie"] = {"Jilbe"}, ["jig"] = {"Jingulu", "Djingili"}, ["jih"] = {"sTodsde", "Shangzhai"}, ["jii"] = {"Jiiddu"}, ["jil"] = {"Jilim"}, ["jim"] = {"Jimi (Kamerun)"}, ["jio"] = {"Jiamao"}, ["jiq"] = {"Guanyinqiao", "Lavrung"}, ["jit"] = {"Jita"}, ["jiu"] = {"Youle Jinuo"}, ["jiv"] = {"Shuar"}, ["jiy"] = {"Buyuan Jinuo"}, ["jje"] = {"Jejueo"}, ["jjr"] = {"Bankal"}, ["jka"] = {"Kaera"}, ["jkm"] = {"Mobwa Karen"}, ["jko"] = {"Kubo"}, ["jkp"] = {"Paku Karen"}, ["jkr"] = {"Koro (India)"}, ["jks"] = {"Basa Isarat Amami Koniya"}, ["jku"] = {"Labir"}, ["jle"] = {"Ngile"}, ["jls"] = {"Basa Isarat Jamaika"}, ["jma"] = {"Dima"}, ["jmb"] = {"Zumbun"}, ["jmc"] = {"Machame"}, ["jmd"] = {"Yamdena"}, ["jmi"] = {"Jimi (Nigéria)"}, ["jml"] = {"Jumli"}, ["jmn"] = {"Makuri Naga"}, ["jmr"] = {"Kamara"}, ["jms"] = {"Mashi (Nigéria)"}, ["jmw"] = {"Mouwase"}, ["jmx"] = {"Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["jna"] = {"Jangshung"}, ["jnd"] = {"Jandavra"}, ["jng"] = {"Yangman"}, ["jni"] = {"Janji"}, ["jnj"] = {"Yemsa"}, ["jnl"] = {"Rawat"}, ["jns"] = {"Jaunsari"}, ["job"] = {"Joba"}, ["jod"] = {"Wojenaka"}, ["jog"] = {"Jogi"}, ["jor"] = {"Jorá"}, ["jos"] = {"Basa Isarat Yordania"}, ["jow"] = {"Jowulu"}, ["jpa"] = {"Jewish Palestinian Aramaic"}, ["jpr"] = {"Judeo-Persian"}, ["jpx"] = {"Jepang (kulawarga)"}, ["jqr"] = {"Jaqaru"}, ["jra"] = {"Jarai"}, ["jrb"] = {"Judeo-Arabic"}, ["jrr"] = {"Jiru"}, ["jrt"] = {"Jakattoe"}, ["jru"] = {"Japrería"}, ["jsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Jepang"}, ["jua"] = {"Júma"}, ["jub"] = {"Wannu"}, ["juc"] = {"Jurchen"}, ["jud"] = {"Worodougou"}, ["juh"] = {"Hõne"}, ["jui"] = {"Ngadjuri"}, ["juk"] = {"Wapan"}, ["jul"] = {"Jirel"}, ["jum"] = {"Jumjum"}, ["jun"] = {"Juang"}, ["juo"] = {"Jiba"}, ["jup"] = {"Hupdë"}, ["jur"] = {"Jurúna"}, ["jus"] = {"Basa Isarat Jumla"}, ["jut"] = {"Jutish"}, ["juu"] = {"Ju"}, ["juw"] = {"Wãpha"}, ["juy"] = {"Juray"}, ["jvd"] = {"Javindo"}, ["jvn"] = {"Caribbean Javanese"}, ["jwi"] = {"Jwira-Pepesa"}, ["jya"] = {"Jiarong"}, ["jye"] = {"Arab Yahudi Yaman"}, ["jyy"] = {"Jaya"}, ["kaa"] = {"Kara-Kalpak", "Karakalpak"}, ["kab"] = {"Kabyle"}, ["kac"] = {"Kachin", "Jingpho"}, ["kad"] = {"Adara"}, ["kae"] = {"Ketangalan"}, ["kaf"] = {"Katso"}, ["kag"] = {"Kajaman"}, ["kah"] = {"Kara (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["kai"] = {"Karekare"}, ["kaj"] = {"Jju"}, ["kak"] = {"Kalanguya", "Kayapa Kallahan"}, ["kam"] = {"Kamba (Kenya)"}, ["kao"] = {"Xaasongaxango"}, ["kap"] = {"Bezhta"}, ["kaq"] = {"Capanahua"}, ["kar"] = {"Rungkun basa Karen"}, ["kav"] = {"Katukína"}, ["kaw"] = {"Kawi"}, ["kax"] = {"Kao"}, ["kay"] = {"Kamayurá"}, ["kba"] = {"Kalarko"}, ["kbb"] = {"Kaxuiâna"}, ["kbc"] = {"Kadiwéu"}, ["kbd"] = {"Kabardian"}, ["kbe"] = {"Kanju"}, ["kbg"] = {"Khamba"}, ["kbh"] = {"Camsá"}, ["kbi"] = {"Kaptiau"}, ["kbj"] = {"Kari"}, ["kbk"] = {"Grass Koiari"}, ["kbl"] = {"Kanembu"}, ["kbm"] = {"Iwal"}, ["kbn"] = {"Kare (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["kbo"] = {"Keliko"}, ["kbp"] = {"Kabiyè"}, ["kbq"] = {"Kamano"}, ["kbr"] = {"Kafa"}, ["kbs"] = {"Kande"}, ["kbt"] = {"Abadi"}, ["kbu"] = {"Kabutra"}, ["kbv"] = {"Dera (Indonésia)"}, ["kbw"] = {"Kaiep"}, ["kbx"] = {"Ap Ma"}, ["kby"] = {"Manga Kanuri"}, ["kbz"] = {"Duhwa"}, ["kca"] = {"Khanty"}, ["kcb"] = {"Kawacha"}, ["kcc"] = {"Lubila"}, ["kcd"] = {"Ngkâlmpw Kanum"}, ["kce"] = {"Kaivi"}, ["kcf"] = {"Ukaan"}, ["kcg"] = {"Tyap"}, ["kch"] = {"Vono"}, ["kci"] = {"Ngyian", "Kamantan"}, ["kcj"] = {"Kobiana"}, ["kck"] = {"Kalanga"}, ["kcl"] = {"Kela (Papua Nugini)", "Kala"}, ["kcm"] = {"Gula (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["kcn"] = {"Nubi"}, ["kco"] = {"Kinalakna"}, ["kcp"] = {"Kanga"}, ["kcq"] = {"Kamo"}, ["kcr"] = {"Katla"}, ["kcs"] = {"Koenoem"}, ["kct"] = {"Kaian"}, ["kcu"] = {"Kami (Tanzania)"}, ["kcv"] = {"Kete"}, ["kcw"] = {"Kabwari"}, ["kcx"] = {"Kachama-Ganjule"}, ["kcy"] = {"Korandje"}, ["kcz"] = {"Konongo"}, ["kda"] = {"Worimi"}, ["kdc"] = {"Kutu"}, ["kdd"] = {"Yankunytjatjara"}, ["kde"] = {"Makonde"}, ["kdf"] = {"Mamusi"}, ["kdg"] = {"Seba"}, ["kdh"] = {"Tem"}, ["kdi"] = {"Kumam"}, ["kdj"] = {"Karamojong"}, ["kdk"] = {"Numèè", "Kwényi"}, ["kdl"] = {"Tsikimba"}, ["kdm"] = {"Kagoma"}, ["kdn"] = {"Kunda"}, ["kdo"] = {"Rungkun basa Kordofania"}, ["kdp"] = {"Kaningdon-Nindem"}, ["kdq"] = {"Koch"}, ["kdr"] = {"Karaim"}, ["kdt"] = {"Kuy"}, ["kdu"] = {"Kadaru"}, ["kdw"] = {"Koneraw"}, ["kdx"] = {"Kam"}, ["kdy"] = {"Keder", "Keijar"}, ["kdz"] = {"Kwaja"}, ["kea"] = {"Kabuverdianu"}, ["keb"] = {"Kélé"}, ["kec"] = {"Keiga"}, ["ked"] = {"Kerewe"}, ["kee"] = {"Eastern Keres"}, ["kef"] = {"Kpessi"}, ["keg"] = {"Tese"}, ["keh"] = {"Keak"}, ["kei"] = {"Kei"}, ["kej"] = {"Kadar"}, ["kek"] = {"Kekchí"}, ["kel"] = {"Kela (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["kem"] = {"Kemak"}, ["ken"] = {"Kenyang"}, ["keo"] = {"Kakwa"}, ["kep"] = {"Kaikadi"}, ["keq"] = {"Kamar"}, ["ker"] = {"Kera"}, ["kes"] = {"Kugbo"}, ["ket"] = {"Ket"}, ["keu"] = {"Akebu"}, ["kev"] = {"Kanikkaran"}, ["kew"] = {"West Kewa"}, ["kex"] = {"Kukna"}, ["key"] = {"Kupia"}, ["kez"] = {"Kukele"}, ["kfa"] = {"Kodava"}, ["kfb"] = {"Northwestern Kolami"}, ["kfc"] = {"Konda-Dora"}, ["kfd"] = {"Korra Koraga"}, ["kfe"] = {"Kota (India)"}, ["kff"] = {"Koya"}, ["kfg"] = {"Kudiya"}, ["kfh"] = {"Kurichiya"}, ["kfi"] = {"Kannada Kurumba"}, ["kfj"] = {"Kemiehua"}, ["kfk"] = {"Kinnauri"}, ["kfl"] = {"Kung"}, ["kfm"] = {"Khunsari"}, ["kfn"] = {"Kuk"}, ["kfo"] = {"Koro (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["kfp"] = {"Korwa"}, ["kfq"] = {"Korku"}, ["kfr"] = {"Kachhi", "Kutchi"}, ["kfs"] = {"Bilaspuri"}, ["kft"] = {"Kanjari"}, ["kfu"] = {"Katkari"}, ["kfv"] = {"Kurmukar"}, ["kfw"] = {"Kharam Naga"}, ["kfx"] = {"Kullu Pahari"}, ["kfy"] = {"Kumaoni"}, ["kfz"] = {"Koromfé"}, ["kga"] = {"Koyaga"}, ["kgb"] = {"Kawe"}, ["kge"] = {"Komering"}, ["kgf"] = {"Kube"}, ["kgg"] = {"Kusunda"}, ["kgi"] = {"Basa Isarat Selangor"}, ["kgj"] = {"Gamale Kham"}, ["kgk"] = {"Kaiwá"}, ["kgl"] = {"Kunggari"}, ["kgn"] = {"Karingani"}, ["kgo"] = {"Krongo"}, ["kgp"] = {"Kaingang"}, ["kgq"] = {"Kamoro"}, ["kgr"] = {"Abun"}, ["kgs"] = {"Kumbainggar"}, ["kgt"] = {"Somyev"}, ["kgu"] = {"Kobol"}, ["kgv"] = {"Karas"}, ["kgw"] = {"Karon Dori"}, ["kgx"] = {"Kamaru"}, ["kgy"] = {"Kyerung"}, ["kha"] = {"Khasi"}, ["khb"] = {"Lü"}, ["khc"] = {"Tukang Besi North"}, ["khd"] = {"Bädi Kanum"}, ["khe"] = {"Korowai"}, ["khf"] = {"Khuen"}, ["khg"] = {"Khams Tibetan"}, ["khh"] = {"Kehu"}, ["khi"] = {"Rungkun basa Khoisan"}, ["khj"] = {"Kuturmi"}, ["khk"] = {"Halh Mongolian"}, ["khl"] = {"Lusi"}, ["khn"] = {"Khandesi"}, ["kho"] = {"Khotanese", "Sakan"}, ["khp"] = {"Kapori", "Kapauri"}, ["khq"] = {"Koyra Chiini Songhay"}, ["khr"] = {"Kharia"}, ["khs"] = {"Kasua"}, ["kht"] = {"Khamti"}, ["khu"] = {"Nkhumbi"}, ["khv"] = {"Khvarshi"}, ["khw"] = {"Khowar"}, ["khx"] = {"Kanu"}, ["khy"] = {"Kele (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["khz"] = {"Keapara"}, ["kia"] = {"Kim"}, ["kib"] = {"Koalib"}, ["kic"] = {"Kickapoo"}, ["kid"] = {"Koshin"}, ["kie"] = {"Kibet"}, ["kif"] = {"Eastern Parbate Kham"}, ["kig"] = {"Kimaama", "Kimaghima"}, ["kih"] = {"Kilmeri"}, ["kii"] = {"Kitsai"}, ["kij"] = {"Kilivila"}, ["kil"] = {"Kariya"}, ["kim"] = {"Karagas"}, ["kio"] = {"Kiowa"}, ["kip"] = {"Sheshi Kham"}, ["kiq"] = {"Kosadle", "Kosare"}, ["kis"] = {"Kis"}, ["kit"] = {"Agob"}, ["kiu"] = {"Kirmanjki (individual language)"}, ["kiv"] = {"Kimbu"}, ["kiw"] = {"Northeast Kiwai"}, ["kix"] = {"Khiamniungan Naga"}, ["kiy"] = {"Kirikiri"}, ["kiz"] = {"Kisi"}, ["kja"] = {"Mlap"}, ["kjb"] = {"Q'anjob'al", "Kanjobal"}, ["kjc"] = {"Coastal Konjo"}, ["kjd"] = {"Southern Kiwai"}, ["kje"] = {"Kisar"}, ["kjg"] = {"Khmu"}, ["kjh"] = {"Khakas"}, ["kji"] = {"Zabana"}, ["kjj"] = {"Khinalugh"}, ["kjk"] = {"Highland Konjo"}, ["kjl"] = {"Western Parbate Kham"}, ["kjm"] = {"Kháng"}, ["kjn"] = {"Kunjen"}, ["kjo"] = {"Kinnauri Pahari"}, ["kjp"] = {"Pwo Eastern Karen"}, ["kjq"] = {"Western Keres"}, ["kjr"] = {"Kurudu"}, ["kjs"] = {"East Kewa"}, ["kjt"] = {"Phrae Pwo Karen"}, ["kju"] = {"Kashaya"}, ["kjv"] = {"Kaikavian Literary Language"}, ["kjx"] = {"Ramopa"}, ["kjy"] = {"Erave"}, ["kjz"] = {"Bumthangkha"}, ["kka"] = {"Kakanda"}, ["kkb"] = {"Kwerisa"}, ["kkc"] = {"Odoodee"}, ["kkd"] = {"Kinuku"}, ["kke"] = {"Kakabe"}, ["kkf"] = {"Kalaktang Monpa"}, ["kkg"] = {"Mabaka Valley Kalinga"}, ["kkh"] = {"Khün"}, ["kki"] = {"Kagulu"}, ["kkj"] = {"Kako"}, ["kkk"] = {"Kokota"}, ["kkl"] = {"Kosarek Yale"}, ["kkm"] = {"Kiong"}, ["kkn"] = {"Kon Keu"}, ["kko"] = {"Karko"}, ["kkp"] = {"Gugubera", "Koko-Bera"}, ["kkq"] = {"Kaeku"}, ["kkr"] = {"Kir-Balar"}, ["kks"] = {"Giiwo"}, ["kkt"] = {"Koi"}, ["kku"] = {"Tumi"}, ["kkv"] = {"Kangean"}, ["kkw"] = {"Teke-Kukuya"}, ["kkx"] = {"Kohin"}, ["kky"] = {"Guugu Yimidhirr", "Guguyimidjir"}, ["kkz"] = {"Kaska"}, ["kla"] = {"Klamath-Modoc"}, ["klb"] = {"Kiliwa"}, ["klc"] = {"Kolbila"}, ["kld"] = {"Gamilaraay"}, ["kle"] = {"Kulung (Nepal)"}, ["klf"] = {"Kendeje"}, ["klg"] = {"Tagakaulo"}, ["klh"] = {"Weliki"}, ["kli"] = {"Kalumpang"}, ["klj"] = {"Khalaj"}, ["klk"] = {"Kono (Nigéria)"}, ["kll"] = {"Kagan Kalagan"}, ["klm"] = {"Migum"}, ["kln"] = {"Kalenjin"}, ["klo"] = {"Kapya"}, ["klp"] = {"Kamasa"}, ["klq"] = {"Rumu"}, ["klr"] = {"Khaling"}, ["kls"] = {"Kalasha"}, ["klt"] = {"Nukna"}, ["klu"] = {"Klao"}, ["klv"] = {"Maskelynes"}, ["klw"] = {"Tado", "Lindu"}, ["klx"] = {"Koluwawa"}, ["kly"] = {"Kalao"}, ["klz"] = {"Kabola"}, ["kma"] = {"Konni"}, ["kmb"] = {"Kimbundu"}, ["kmc"] = {"Southern Dong"}, ["kmd"] = {"Majukayang Kalinga"}, ["kme"] = {"Bakole"}, ["kmf"] = {"Kare (Papua Nugini)"}, ["kmg"] = {"Kâte"}, ["kmh"] = {"Kalam"}, ["kmi"] = {"Kami (Nigéria)"}, ["kmj"] = {"Kumarbhag Paharia"}, ["kmk"] = {"Limos Kalinga"}, ["kml"] = {"Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kmm"] = {"Kom (India)"}, ["kmn"] = {"Awtuw"}, ["kmo"] = {"Kwoma"}, ["kmp"] = {"Gimme"}, ["kmq"] = {"Kwama"}, ["kmr"] = {"Kurdi Kalér"}, ["kms"] = {"Kamasau"}, ["kmt"] = {"Kemtuik"}, ["kmu"] = {"Kanite"}, ["kmv"] = {"Karipúna Creole French"}, ["kmw"] = {"Komo (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["kmx"] = {"Waboda"}, ["kmy"] = {"Koma"}, ["kmz"] = {"Khorasani Turkish"}, ["kna"] = {"Dera (Nigéria)"}, ["knb"] = {"Lubuagan Kalinga"}, ["knc"] = {"Kanuri Tengah"}, ["knd"] = {"Konda"}, ["kne"] = {"Kankanaey"}, ["knf"] = {"Mankanya"}, ["kng"] = {"Koongo"}, ["kni"] = {"Kanufi"}, ["knj"] = {"Western Kanjobal"}, ["knk"] = {"Kuranko"}, ["knl"] = {"Keninjal"}, ["knm"] = {"Kanamarí"}, ["knn"] = {"Konkani (individual language)"}, ["kno"] = {"Kono (Sierra Leone)"}, ["knp"] = {"Kwanja"}, ["knq"] = {"Kintaq"}, ["knr"] = {"Kaningra"}, ["kns"] = {"Kensiu"}, ["knt"] = {"Panoan Katukína"}, ["knu"] = {"Kono (Guinea)"}, ["knv"] = {"Tabo"}, ["knw"] = {"Kung-Ekoka"}, ["knx"] = {"Kendayan", "Salako"}, ["kny"] = {"Kanyok"}, ["knz"] = {"Kalamsé"}, ["koa"] = {"Konomala"}, ["koc"] = {"Kpati"}, ["kod"] = {"Kodi"}, ["koe"] = {"Kacipo-Bale Suri"}, ["kof"] = {"Kubi"}, ["kog"] = {"Cogui", "Kogi"}, ["koh"] = {"Koyo"}, ["koi"] = {"Komi-Permyak"}, ["kok"] = {"Konkani (macrolanguage)"}, ["kol"] = {"Kol (Papua Nugini)"}, ["koo"] = {"Konzo"}, ["kop"] = {"Waube"}, ["koq"] = {"Kota (Gabon)"}, ["kos"] = {"Kosraean"}, ["kot"] = {"Lagwan"}, ["kou"] = {"Koke"}, ["kov"] = {"Kudu-Camo"}, ["kow"] = {"Kugama"}, ["koy"] = {"Koyukon"}, ["koz"] = {"Korak"}, ["kpa"] = {"Kutto"}, ["kpb"] = {"Mullu Kurumba"}, ["kpc"] = {"Curripaco"}, ["kpd"] = {"Koba"}, ["kpe"] = {"Kpelle"}, ["kpf"] = {"Komba"}, ["kpg"] = {"Kapingamarangi"}, ["kph"] = {"Kplang"}, ["kpi"] = {"Kofei"}, ["kpj"] = {"Karajá"}, ["kpk"] = {"Kpan"}, ["kpl"] = {"Kpala"}, ["kpm"] = {"Koho"}, ["kpn"] = {"Kepkiriwát"}, ["kpo"] = {"Ikposo"}, ["kpq"] = {"Korupun-Sela"}, ["kpr"] = {"Korafe-Yegha"}, ["kps"] = {"Tehit"}, ["kpt"] = {"Karata"}, ["kpu"] = {"Kafoa"}, ["kpv"] = {"Komi-Zyrian"}, ["kpw"] = {"Kobon"}, ["kpx"] = {"Mountain Koiali"}, ["kpy"] = {"Koryak"}, ["kpz"] = {"Kupsabiny"}, ["kqa"] = {"Mum"}, ["kqb"] = {"Kovai"}, ["kqc"] = {"Doromu-Koki"}, ["kqd"] = {"Koy Sanjaq Surat"}, ["kqe"] = {"Kalagan"}, ["kqf"] = {"Kakabai"}, ["kqg"] = {"Khe"}, ["kqh"] = {"Kisankasa"}, ["kqi"] = {"Koitabu"}, ["kqj"] = {"Koromira"}, ["kqk"] = {"Kotafon Gbe"}, ["kql"] = {"Kyenele"}, ["kqm"] = {"Khisa"}, ["kqn"] = {"Kaonde"}, ["kqo"] = {"Eastern Krahn"}, ["kqp"] = {"Kimré"}, ["kqq"] = {"Krenak"}, ["kqr"] = {"Kimaragang"}, ["kqs"] = {"Northern Kissi"}, ["kqt"] = {"Klias River Kadazan"}, ["kqu"] = {"Seroa"}, ["kqv"] = {"Okolod"}, ["kqw"] = {"Kandas"}, ["kqx"] = {"Mser"}, ["kqy"] = {"Koorete"}, ["kqz"] = {"Korana"}, ["kra"] = {"Kumhali"}, ["krb"] = {"Karkin"}, ["krc"] = {"Karachay-Balkar"}, ["krd"] = {"Kairui-Midiki"}, ["kre"] = {"Panará"}, ["krf"] = {"Koro (Vanuatu)"}, ["krh"] = {"Kurama"}, ["kri"] = {"Krio"}, ["krj"] = {"Kinaray-A"}, ["krk"] = {"Kerek"}, ["krl"] = {"Karelian"}, ["krn"] = {"Sapo"}, ["kro"] = {"Rungkun basa Kru"}, ["krp"] = {"Durop"}, ["krr"] = {"Krung"}, ["krs"] = {"Gbaya (Sudan)"}, ["krt"] = {"Tumari Kanuri"}, ["kru"] = {"Kurukh"}, ["krv"] = {"Kavet"}, ["krw"] = {"Western Krahn"}, ["krx"] = {"Karon"}, ["kry"] = {"Kryts"}, ["krz"] = {"Sota Kanum"}, ["ksb"] = {"Shambala"}, ["ksc"] = {"Southern Kalinga"}, ["ksd"] = {"Kuanua"}, ["kse"] = {"Kuni"}, ["ksf"] = {"Bafia"}, ["ksg"] = {"Kusaghe"}, ["ksh"] = {"Kölsch"}, ["ksi"] = {"Krisa", "I'saka"}, ["ksj"] = {"Uare"}, ["ksk"] = {"Kansa"}, ["ksl"] = {"Kumalu"}, ["ksm"] = {"Kumba"}, ["ksn"] = {"Kasiguranin"}, ["kso"] = {"Kofa"}, ["ksp"] = {"Kaba"}, ["ksq"] = {"Kwaami"}, ["ksr"] = {"Borong"}, ["kss"] = {"Southern Kisi"}, ["kst"] = {"Winyé"}, ["ksu"] = {"Khamyang"}, ["ksv"] = {"Kusu"}, ["ksw"] = {"S'gaw Karen"}, ["ksx"] = {"Kedang"}, ["ksy"] = {"Kharia Thar"}, ["ksz"] = {"Kodaku"}, ["kta"] = {"Katua"}, ["ktb"] = {"Kambaata"}, ["ktc"] = {"Kholok"}, ["ktd"] = {"Kokata", "Kukatha"}, ["kte"] = {"Nubri"}, ["ktf"] = {"Kwami"}, ["ktg"] = {"Kalkutung"}, ["kth"] = {"Karanga"}, ["kti"] = {"North Muyu"}, ["ktj"] = {"Plapo Krumen"}, ["ktk"] = {"Kaniet"}, ["ktl"] = {"Koroshi"}, ["ktm"] = {"Kurti"}, ["ktn"] = {"Karitiâna"}, ["kto"] = {"Kuot"}, ["ktp"] = {"Kaduo"}, ["ktq"] = {"Katabaga"}, ["kts"] = {"South Muyu"}, ["ktt"] = {"Ketum"}, ["ktu"] = {"Kituba (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["ktv"] = {"Eastern Katu"}, ["ktw"] = {"Kato"}, ["ktx"] = {"Kaxararí"}, ["kty"] = {"Kango (Bas-Uélé District)"}, ["ktz"] = {"Juǀʼhoan", "Juǀʼhoansi"}, ["kub"] = {"Kutep"}, ["kuc"] = {"Kwinsu"}, ["kud"] = {"'Auhelawa"}, ["kue"] = {"Kuman (Papua Nugini)"}, ["kuf"] = {"Western Katu"}, ["kug"] = {"Kupa"}, ["kuh"] = {"Kushi"}, ["kui"] = {"Kuikúro-Kalapálo", "Kalapalo"}, ["kuj"] = {"Kuria"}, ["kuk"] = {"Kepo'"}, ["kul"] = {"Kulere"}, ["kum"] = {"Kumyk"}, ["kun"] = {"Kunama"}, ["kuo"] = {"Kumukio"}, ["kup"] = {"Kunimaipa"}, ["kuq"] = {"Karipuna"}, ["kus"] = {"Kusaal"}, ["kut"] = {"Ktunaxa", "Ksanka", "Kutenai"}, ["kuu"] = {"Upper Kuskokwim"}, ["kuv"] = {"Kur"}, ["kuw"] = {"Kpagua"}, ["kux"] = {"Kukatja"}, ["kuy"] = {"Kuuku-Ya'u"}, ["kuz"] = {"Kunza"}, ["kva"] = {"Bagvalal"}, ["kvb"] = {"Kubu"}, ["kvc"] = {"Kove"}, ["kvd"] = {"Kui (Indonésia)"}, ["kve"] = {"Kalabakan"}, ["kvf"] = {"Kabalai"}, ["kvg"] = {"Kuni-Boazi"}, ["kvh"] = {"Komodo"}, ["kvi"] = {"Kwang"}, ["kvj"] = {"Psikye"}, ["kvk"] = {"Basa Isarat Koréa"}, ["kvl"] = {"Kayaw"}, ["kvm"] = {"Kendem"}, ["kvn"] = {"Border Kuna"}, ["kvo"] = {"Dobel"}, ["kvp"] = {"Kompane"}, ["kvq"] = {"Geba Karen"}, ["kvr"] = {"Kerinci"}, ["kvt"] = {"Lahta Karen", "Lahta"}, ["kvu"] = {"Yinbaw Karen"}, ["kvv"] = {"Kola"}, ["kvw"] = {"Wersing"}, ["kvx"] = {"Parkari Koli"}, ["kvy"] = {"Yintale Karen", "Yintale"}, ["kvz"] = {"Tsakwambo", "Tsaukambo"}, ["kwa"] = {"Dâw"}, ["kwb"] = {"Kwa"}, ["kwc"] = {"Likwala"}, ["kwd"] = {"Kwaio"}, ["kwe"] = {"Kwerba"}, ["kwf"] = {"Kwara'ae"}, ["kwg"] = {"Sara Kaba Deme"}, ["kwh"] = {"Kowiai"}, ["kwi"] = {"Awa-Cuaiquer"}, ["kwj"] = {"Kwanga"}, ["kwk"] = {"Kwak'wala", "Kwakiutl"}, ["kwl"] = {"Kofyar"}, ["kwm"] = {"Kwambi"}, ["kwn"] = {"Kwangali"}, ["kwo"] = {"Kwomtari"}, ["kwp"] = {"Kodia"}, ["kwr"] = {"Kwer"}, ["kws"] = {"Kwese"}, ["kwt"] = {"Kwesten"}, ["kwu"] = {"Kwakum"}, ["kwv"] = {"Sara Kaba Náà"}, ["kww"] = {"Kwinti"}, ["kwx"] = {"Khirwar"}, ["kwy"] = {"San Salvador Kongo"}, ["kwz"] = {"Kwadi"}, ["kxa"] = {"Kairiru"}, ["kxb"] = {"Krobu"}, ["kxc"] = {"Konso", "Khonso"}, ["kxd"] = {"Brunei"}, ["kxf"] = {"Manumanaw Karen", "Manumanaw"}, ["kxh"] = {"Karo (Ethiopia)"}, ["kxi"] = {"Keningau Murut"}, ["kxj"] = {"Kulfa"}, ["kxk"] = {"Zayein Karen"}, ["kxm"] = {"Northern Khmer"}, ["kxn"] = {"Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau"}, ["kxo"] = {"Kanoé"}, ["kxp"] = {"Wadiyara Koli"}, ["kxq"] = {"Smärky Kanum"}, ["kxr"] = {"Koro (Papua Nugini)"}, ["kxs"] = {"Kangjia"}, ["kxt"] = {"Koiwat"}, ["kxv"] = {"Kuvi"}, ["kxw"] = {"Konai"}, ["kxx"] = {"Likuba"}, ["kxy"] = {"Kayong"}, ["kxz"] = {"Kerewo"}, ["kya"] = {"Kwaya"}, ["kyb"] = {"Butbut Kalinga"}, ["kyc"] = {"Kyaka"}, ["kyd"] = {"Karey"}, ["kye"] = {"Krache"}, ["kyf"] = {"Kouya"}, ["kyg"] = {"Keyagana"}, ["kyh"] = {"Karok"}, ["kyi"] = {"Kiput"}, ["kyj"] = {"Karao"}, ["kyk"] = {"Kamayo"}, ["kyl"] = {"Kalapuya"}, ["kym"] = {"Kpatili"}, ["kyn"] = {"Northern Binukidnon"}, ["kyo"] = {"Kelon"}, ["kyp"] = {"Kang"}, ["kyq"] = {"Kenga"}, ["kyr"] = {"Kuruáya"}, ["kys"] = {"Baram Kayan"}, ["kyt"] = {"Kayagar"}, ["kyu"] = {"Western Kayah"}, ["kyv"] = {"Kayort"}, ["kyw"] = {"Kudmali"}, ["kyx"] = {"Rapoisi"}, ["kyy"] = {"Kambaira"}, ["kyz"] = {"Kayabí"}, ["kza"] = {"Western Karaboro"}, ["kzb"] = {"Kaibobo"}, ["kzc"] = {"Bondoukou Kulango"}, ["kzd"] = {"Kadai"}, ["kze"] = {"Kosena"}, ["kzf"] = {"Da'a Kaili"}, ["kzg"] = {"Kikai"}, ["kzi"] = {"Kelabit"}, ["kzk"] = {"Kazukuru"}, ["kzl"] = {"Kayeli"}, ["kzm"] = {"Kais"}, ["kzn"] = {"Kokola"}, ["kzo"] = {"Kaningi"}, ["kzp"] = {"Kaidipang"}, ["kzq"] = {"Kaike"}, ["kzr"] = {"Karang"}, ["kzs"] = {"Sugut Dusun"}, ["kzu"] = {"Kayupulau"}, ["kzv"] = {"Komyandaret"}, ["kzw"] = {"Karirí-Xocó"}, ["kzx"] = {"Kamarian"}, ["kzy"] = {"Kango (Tshopo District)"}, ["kzz"] = {"Kalabra"}, ["laa"] = {"Southern Subanen"}, ["lab"] = {"Linear A"}, ["lac"] = {"Lacandon"}, ["lad"] = {"Ladino"}, ["lae"] = {"Pattani"}, ["laf"] = {"Lafofa"}, ["lag"] = {"Rangi"}, ["lah"] = {"Lahnda"}, ["lai"] = {"Lambya"}, ["laj"] = {"Lango (Uganda)"}, ["lal"] = {"Lalia"}, ["lam"] = {"Lamba"}, ["lan"] = {"Laru"}, ["lap"] = {"Laka (Chad)"}, ["laq"] = {"Qabiao"}, ["lar"] = {"Larteh"}, ["las"] = {"Lama (Togo)"}, ["lau"] = {"Laba"}, ["law"] = {"Lauje"}, ["lax"] = {"Tiwa"}, ["lay"] = {"Lama Bai"}, ["laz"] = {"Aribwatsa"}, ["lbb"] = {"Label"}, ["lbc"] = {"Lakkia"}, ["lbe"] = {"Lak"}, ["lbf"] = {"Tinani"}, ["lbg"] = {"Laopang"}, ["lbi"] = {"La'bi"}, ["lbj"] = {"Ladakhi"}, ["lbk"] = {"Central Bontok"}, ["lbl"] = {"Libon Bikol"}, ["lbm"] = {"Lodhi"}, ["lbn"] = {"Rmeet"}, ["lbo"] = {"Laven"}, ["lbq"] = {"Wampar"}, ["lbr"] = {"Lohorung"}, ["lbs"] = {"Basa Isarat Libya"}, ["lbt"] = {"Lachi"}, ["lbu"] = {"Labu"}, ["lbv"] = {"Lavatbura-Lamusong"}, ["lbw"] = {"Tolaki"}, ["lbx"] = {"Lawangan"}, ["lby"] = {"Lamalama", "Lamu-Lamu"}, ["lbz"] = {"Lardil"}, ["lcc"] = {"Legenyem"}, ["lcd"] = {"Lola"}, ["lce"] = {"Loncong", "Sekak"}, ["lcf"] = {"Lubu"}, ["lch"] = {"Luchazi"}, ["lcl"] = {"Lisela"}, ["lcm"] = {"Tungag"}, ["lcp"] = {"Western Lawa"}, ["lcq"] = {"Luhu"}, ["lcs"] = {"Lisabata-Nuniali"}, ["lda"] = {"Kla-Dan"}, ["ldb"] = {"Dũya"}, ["ldd"] = {"Luri"}, ["ldg"] = {"Lenyima"}, ["ldh"] = {"Lamja-Dengsa-Tola"}, ["ldi"] = {"Laari"}, ["ldj"] = {"Lemoro"}, ["ldk"] = {"Leelau"}, ["ldl"] = {"Kaan"}, ["ldm"] = {"Landoma"}, ["ldn"] = {"Láadan"}, ["ldo"] = {"Loo"}, ["ldp"] = {"Tso"}, ["ldq"] = {"Lufu"}, ["lea"] = {"Lega-Shabunda"}, ["leb"] = {"Lala-Bisa"}, ["lec"] = {"Leco"}, ["led"] = {"Lendu"}, ["lee"] = {"Lyélé"}, ["lef"] = {"Lelemi"}, ["leh"] = {"Lenje"}, ["lei"] = {"Lemio"}, ["lej"] = {"Lengola"}, ["lek"] = {"Leipon"}, ["lel"] = {"Lele (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["lem"] = {"Nomaande"}, ["len"] = {"Lenca"}, ["leo"] = {"Leti (Kamerun)"}, ["lep"] = {"Lepcha"}, ["leq"] = {"Lembena"}, ["ler"] = {"Lenkau"}, ["les"] = {"Lese"}, ["let"] = {"Lesing-Gelimi", "Amio-Gelimi"}, ["leu"] = {"Kara (Papua Nugini)"}, ["lev"] = {"Lamma"}, ["lew"] = {"Ledo Kaili"}, ["lex"] = {"Luang"}, ["ley"] = {"Lemolang"}, ["lez"] = {"Lezghian"}, ["lfa"] = {"Lefa"}, ["lfb"] = {"Buu (Kamerun)"}, ["lfn"] = {"Lingua Franca Nova"}, ["lga"] = {"Lungga"}, ["lgb"] = {"Laghu"}, ["lgg"] = {"Lugbara"}, ["lgh"] = {"Laghuu"}, ["lgi"] = {"Lengilu"}, ["lgk"] = {"Lingarak", "Neverver"}, ["lgl"] = {"Wala"}, ["lgm"] = {"Lega-Mwenga"}, ["lgn"] = {"T'apo", "Opuuo"}, ["lgo"] = {"Lango (Sudan Kidul)"}, ["lgq"] = {"Logba"}, ["lgr"] = {"Lengo"}, ["lgs"] = {"Basa Isarat Guinea-Bissau", "Língua Gestual Guineense"}, ["lgt"] = {"Pahi"}, ["lgu"] = {"Longgu"}, ["lgz"] = {"Ligenza"}, ["lha"] = {"Laha (Viet Nam)"}, ["lhh"] = {"Laha (Indonésia)"}, ["lhi"] = {"Lahu Shi"}, ["lhl"] = {"Lahul Lohar"}, ["lhm"] = {"Lhomi"}, ["lhn"] = {"Lahanan"}, ["lhp"] = {"Lhokpu"}, ["lhs"] = {"Mlahsö"}, ["lht"] = {"Lo-Toga"}, ["lhu"] = {"Lahu"}, ["lia"] = {"West-Central Limba"}, ["lib"] = {"Likum"}, ["lic"] = {"Hlai"}, ["lid"] = {"Nyindrou"}, ["lie"] = {"Likila"}, ["lif"] = {"Limbu"}, ["lig"] = {"Ligbi"}, ["lih"] = {"Lihir"}, ["lij"] = {"Ligurian"}, ["lik"] = {"Lika"}, ["lil"] = {"Lillooet"}, ["lio"] = {"Liki"}, ["lip"] = {"Sekpele"}, ["liq"] = {"Libido"}, ["lir"] = {"Liberian English"}, ["lis"] = {"Lisu"}, ["liu"] = {"Logorik"}, ["liv"] = {"Liv"}, ["liw"] = {"Col"}, ["lix"] = {"Liabuku"}, ["liy"] = {"Banda-Bambari"}, ["liz"] = {"Libinza"}, ["lja"] = {"Golpa"}, ["lje"] = {"Rampi"}, ["lji"] = {"Laiyolo"}, ["ljl"] = {"Li'o"}, ["ljp"] = {"Lampung Api"}, ["ljw"] = {"Yirandali"}, ["ljx"] = {"Yuru"}, ["lka"] = {"Lakalei"}, ["lkb"] = {"Kabras", "Basa Lukabaras"}, ["lkc"] = {"Kucong"}, ["lkd"] = {"Lakondê"}, ["lke"] = {"Kenyi"}, ["lkh"] = {"Lakha"}, ["lki"] = {"Laki"}, ["lkj"] = {"Remun"}, ["lkl"] = {"Laeko-Libuat"}, ["lkm"] = {"Kalaamaya"}, ["lkn"] = {"Lakon", "Vure"}, ["lko"] = {"Khayo", "Olukhayo"}, ["lkr"] = {"Päri"}, ["lks"] = {"Kisa", "Olushisa"}, ["lkt"] = {"Lakota"}, ["lku"] = {"Kungkari"}, ["lky"] = {"Lokoya"}, ["lla"] = {"Lala-Roba"}, ["llb"] = {"Lolo"}, ["llc"] = {"Lele (Guinea)"}, ["lld"] = {"Ladin"}, ["lle"] = {"Lele (Papua Nugini)"}, ["llf"] = {"Hermit"}, ["llg"] = {"Lole"}, ["llh"] = {"Lamu"}, ["lli"] = {"Teke-Laali"}, ["llj"] = {"Ladji Ladji"}, ["llk"] = {"Lelak"}, ["lll"] = {"Lilau"}, ["llm"] = {"Lasalimu"}, ["lln"] = {"Lele (Chad)"}, ["llp"] = {"North Efate"}, ["llq"] = {"Lolak"}, ["lls"] = {"Basa Isarat Lituania"}, ["llu"] = {"Lau"}, ["llx"] = {"Lauan"}, ["lma"] = {"East Limba"}, ["lmb"] = {"Merei"}, ["lmc"] = {"Limilngan"}, ["lmd"] = {"Lumun"}, ["lme"] = {"Pévé"}, ["lmf"] = {"South Lembata"}, ["lmg"] = {"Lamogai"}, ["lmh"] = {"Lambichhong"}, ["lmi"] = {"Lombi"}, ["lmj"] = {"West Lembata"}, ["lmk"] = {"Lamkang"}, ["lml"] = {"Hano"}, ["lmn"] = {"Lambadi"}, ["lmo"] = {"Lombard"}, ["lmp"] = {"Limbum"}, ["lmq"] = {"Lamatuka"}, ["lmr"] = {"Lamalera"}, ["lmu"] = {"Lamenu"}, ["lmv"] = {"Lomaiviti"}, ["lmw"] = {"Lake Miwok"}, ["lmx"] = {"Laimbue"}, ["lmy"] = {"Lamboya"}, ["lna"] = {"Langbashe"}, ["lnb"] = {"Mbalanhu"}, ["lnd"] = {"Lundayeh", "Lun Bawang"}, ["lng"] = {"Langobardic"}, ["lnh"] = {"Lanoh"}, ["lni"] = {"Daantanai'"}, ["lnj"] = {"Leningitij"}, ["lnl"] = {"South Central Banda"}, ["lnm"] = {"Langam"}, ["lnn"] = {"Lorediakarkar"}, ["lns"] = {"Lamnso'"}, ["lnu"] = {"Longuda"}, ["lnw"] = {"Lanima"}, ["lnz"] = {"Lonzo"}, ["loa"] = {"Loloda"}, ["lob"] = {"Lobi"}, ["loc"] = {"Inonhan"}, ["loe"] = {"Saluan"}, ["lof"] = {"Logol"}, ["log"] = {"Logo"}, ["loh"] = {"Laarim", "Narim"}, ["loi"] = {"Loma (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["loj"] = {"Lou"}, ["lok"] = {"Loko"}, ["lol"] = {"Mongo"}, ["lom"] = {"Loma (Liberia)"}, ["lon"] = {"Malawi Lomwe"}, ["loo"] = {"Lombo"}, ["lop"] = {"Lopa"}, ["loq"] = {"Lobala"}, ["lor"] = {"Téén"}, ["los"] = {"Loniu"}, ["lot"] = {"Otuho"}, ["lou"] = {"Louisiana Creole"}, ["lov"] = {"Lopi"}, ["low"] = {"Tampias Lobu"}, ["lox"] = {"Loun"}, ["loy"] = {"Loke"}, ["loz"] = {"Lozi"}, ["lpa"] = {"Lelepa"}, ["lpe"] = {"Lepki"}, ["lpn"] = {"Long Phuri Naga"}, ["lpo"] = {"Lipo"}, ["lpx"] = {"Lopit"}, ["lqr"] = {"Logir"}, ["lra"] = {"Rara Bakati'"}, ["lrc"] = {"Northern Luri"}, ["lre"] = {"Laurentian"}, ["lrg"] = {"Laragia"}, ["lri"] = {"Marachi", "Olumarachi"}, ["lrk"] = {"Loarki"}, ["lrl"] = {"Lari"}, ["lrm"] = {"Marama", "Olumarama"}, ["lrn"] = {"Lorang"}, ["lro"] = {"Laro"}, ["lrr"] = {"Southern Yamphu"}, ["lrt"] = {"Larantuka Malay"}, ["lrv"] = {"Larevat"}, ["lrz"] = {"Lemerig"}, ["lsa"] = {"Lasgerdi"}, ["lsb"] = {"Basa Isarat Burundi", "Langue des Signes Burundaise"}, ["lsc"] = {"Basa Isarat Albarradas", "Lengua de señas Albarradas"}, ["lsd"] = {"Lishana Deni"}, ["lse"] = {"Lusengo"}, ["lsh"] = {"Lish"}, ["lsi"] = {"Lashi"}, ["lsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Latvia"}, ["lsm"] = {"Saamia", "Olusamia"}, ["lsn"] = {"Basa Isarat Tibét"}, ["lso"] = {"Basa Isarat Laos"}, ["lsp"] = {"Basa Isarat Panama", "Lengua de Señas Panameñas"}, ["lsr"] = {"Aruop"}, ["lss"] = {"Lasi"}, ["lst"] = {"Basa Isarat Trinidad jeung Tobago"}, ["lsv"] = {"Basa Isarat Sivia"}, ["lsw"] = {"Seychéll", "Lalang Siny Seselwa", "Langue des Signes Seychelloise"}, ["lsy"] = {"Basa Isarat Mauritius"}, ["ltc"] = {"Late Middle Chinese"}, ["ltg"] = {"Latgalian"}, ["lth"] = {"Thur"}, ["lti"] = {"Leti (Indonésia)"}, ["ltn"] = {"Latundê"}, ["lto"] = {"Tsotso", "Olutsotso"}, ["lts"] = {"Tachoni", "Lutachoni"}, ["ltu"] = {"Latu"}, ["lua"] = {"Luba-Lulua"}, ["luc"] = {"Aringa"}, ["lud"] = {"Ludian"}, ["lue"] = {"Luvale"}, ["luf"] = {"Laua"}, ["luh"] = {"Leizhou Chinese"}, ["lui"] = {"Luiseño"}, ["luj"] = {"Luna"}, ["luk"] = {"Lunanakha"}, ["lul"] = {"Olu'bo"}, ["lum"] = {"Luimbi"}, ["lun"] = {"Lunda"}, ["luo"] = {"Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)", "Dholuo"}, ["lup"] = {"Lumbu"}, ["luq"] = {"Lucumi"}, ["lur"] = {"Laura"}, ["lus"] = {"Lushai"}, ["lut"] = {"Lushootseed"}, ["luu"] = {"Lumba-Yakkha"}, ["luv"] = {"Luwati"}, ["luw"] = {"Luo (Kamerun)"}, ["luy"] = {"Luyia", "Oluluyia"}, ["luz"] = {"Southern Luri"}, ["lva"] = {"Maku'a"}, ["lvi"] = {"Lavi"}, ["lvk"] = {"Lavukaleve"}, ["lvl"] = {"Lwel"}, ["lvs"] = {"Standard Latvian"}, ["lvu"] = {"Levuka"}, ["lwa"] = {"Lwalu"}, ["lwe"] = {"Lewo Eleng"}, ["lwg"] = {"Wanga", "Oluwanga"}, ["lwh"] = {"White Lachi"}, ["lwl"] = {"Eastern Lawa"}, ["lwm"] = {"Laomian"}, ["lwo"] = {"Luwo"}, ["lws"] = {"Basa Isarat Malawi"}, ["lwt"] = {"Lewotobi"}, ["lwu"] = {"Lawu"}, ["lww"] = {"Lewo"}, ["lxm"] = {"Lakurumau"}, ["lya"] = {"Layakha"}, ["lyg"] = {"Lyngngam"}, ["lyn"] = {"Luyana"}, ["lzh"] = {"Literary Chinese"}, ["lzl"] = {"Litzlitz"}, ["lzn"] = {"Leinong Naga"}, ["lzz"] = {"Laz"}, ["maa"] = {"San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec"}, ["mab"] = {"Yutanduchi Mixtec"}, ["mad"] = {"Madurese"}, ["mae"] = {"Bo-Rukul"}, ["maf"] = {"Mafa"}, ["mag"] = {"Magahi"}, ["mai"] = {"Maithili"}, ["maj"] = {"Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec"}, ["mak"] = {"Makasar"}, ["mam"] = {"Mam"}, ["man"] = {"Mandingo", "Manding"}, ["map"] = {"Rungkun basa Austronésia"}, ["maq"] = {"Chiquihuitlán Mazatec"}, ["mas"] = {"Masai"}, ["mat"] = {"San Francisco Matlatzinca"}, ["mau"] = {"Huautla Mazatec"}, ["mav"] = {"Sateré-Mawé"}, ["maw"] = {"Mampruli"}, ["max"] = {"North Moluccan Malay"}, ["maz"] = {"Central Mazahua"}, ["mba"] = {"Higaonon"}, ["mbb"] = {"Western Bukidnon Manobo"}, ["mbc"] = {"Macushi"}, ["mbd"] = {"Dibabawon Manobo"}, ["mbe"] = {"Molale"}, ["mbf"] = {"Baba Malay"}, ["mbh"] = {"Mangseng"}, ["mbi"] = {"Ilianen Manobo"}, ["mbj"] = {"Nadëb"}, ["mbk"] = {"Malol"}, ["mbl"] = {"Maxakalí"}, ["mbm"] = {"Ombamba"}, ["mbn"] = {"Macaguán"}, ["mbo"] = {"Mbo (Kamerun)"}, ["mbp"] = {"Malayo"}, ["mbq"] = {"Maisin"}, ["mbr"] = {"Nukak Makú"}, ["mbs"] = {"Sarangani Manobo"}, ["mbt"] = {"Matigsalug Manobo"}, ["mbu"] = {"Mbula-Bwazza"}, ["mbv"] = {"Mbulungish"}, ["mbw"] = {"Maring"}, ["mbx"] = {"Mari (East Sepik Province)"}, ["mby"] = {"Memoni"}, ["mbz"] = {"Amoltepec Mixtec"}, ["mca"] = {"Maca"}, ["mcb"] = {"Machiguenga"}, ["mcc"] = {"Bitur"}, ["mcd"] = {"Sharanahua"}, ["mce"] = {"Itundujia Mixtec"}, ["mcf"] = {"Matsés"}, ["mcg"] = {"Mapoyo"}, ["mch"] = {"Maquiritari"}, ["mci"] = {"Mese"}, ["mcj"] = {"Mvanip"}, ["mck"] = {"Mbunda"}, ["mcl"] = {"Macaguaje"}, ["mcm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Portuguese"}, ["mcn"] = {"Masana"}, ["mco"] = {"Coatlán Mixe"}, ["mcp"] = {"Makaa"}, ["mcq"] = {"Ese"}, ["mcr"] = {"Menya"}, ["mcs"] = {"Mambai"}, ["mct"] = {"Mengisa"}, ["mcu"] = {"Cameroon Mambila"}, ["mcv"] = {"Minanibai"}, ["mcw"] = {"Mawa (Chad)"}, ["mcx"] = {"Mpiemo"}, ["mcy"] = {"South Watut"}, ["mcz"] = {"Mawan"}, ["mda"] = {"Mada (Nigéria)"}, ["mdb"] = {"Morigi"}, ["mdc"] = {"Soq", "Male (Papua Nugini)"}, ["mdd"] = {"Mbum"}, ["mde"] = {"Maba (Chad)"}, ["mdf"] = {"Moksha"}, ["mdg"] = {"Massalat"}, ["mdh"] = {"Maguindanaon"}, ["mdi"] = {"Mamvu"}, ["mdj"] = {"Mangbetu"}, ["mdk"] = {"Mangbutu"}, ["mdl"] = {"Basa Isarat Malta"}, ["mdm"] = {"Mayogo"}, ["mdn"] = {"Mbati"}, ["mdp"] = {"Mbala"}, ["mdq"] = {"Mbole"}, ["mdr"] = {"Mandar"}, ["mds"] = {"Maria (Papua Nugini)"}, ["mdt"] = {"Mbere"}, ["mdu"] = {"Mboko"}, ["mdv"] = {"Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec"}, ["mdw"] = {"Mbosi"}, ["mdx"] = {"Dizin"}, ["mdy"] = {"Male", "Male (Ethiopia)"}, ["mdz"] = {"Suruí Do Pará"}, ["mea"] = {"Menka"}, ["meb"] = {"Ikobi"}, ["mec"] = {"Marra"}, ["med"] = {"Melpa"}, ["mee"] = {"Mengen"}, ["mef"] = {"Megam"}, ["meh"] = {"Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["mei"] = {"Midob"}, ["mej"] = {"Meyah"}, ["mek"] = {"Mekeo"}, ["mel"] = {"Central Melanau"}, ["mem"] = {"Mangala"}, ["men"] = {"Mende (Sierra Leone)"}, ["meo"] = {"Kedah Malay"}, ["mep"] = {"Miriwoong"}, ["meq"] = {"Merey"}, ["mer"] = {"Meru"}, ["mes"] = {"Masmaje"}, ["met"] = {"Mato"}, ["meu"] = {"Motu"}, ["mev"] = {"Mano"}, ["mew"] = {"Maaka"}, ["mey"] = {"Hassaniyya"}, ["mez"] = {"Menominee"}, ["mfa"] = {"Pattani Malay"}, ["mfb"] = {"Bangka"}, ["mfc"] = {"Mba"}, ["mfd"] = {"Mendankwe-Nkwen"}, ["mfe"] = {"Morisyen"}, ["mff"] = {"Naki"}, ["mfg"] = {"Mogofin"}, ["mfh"] = {"Matal"}, ["mfi"] = {"Wandala"}, ["mfj"] = {"Mefele"}, ["mfk"] = {"North Mofu"}, ["mfl"] = {"Putai"}, ["mfm"] = {"Marghi South"}, ["mfn"] = {"Cross River Mbembe"}, ["mfo"] = {"Mbe"}, ["mfp"] = {"Makassar Malay"}, ["mfq"] = {"Moba"}, ["mfr"] = {"Marrithiyel"}, ["mfs"] = {"Basa Isarat Méksiko"}, ["mft"] = {"Mokerang"}, ["mfu"] = {"Mbwela"}, ["mfv"] = {"Mandjak"}, ["mfw"] = {"Mulaha"}, ["mfx"] = {"Melo"}, ["mfy"] = {"Mayo"}, ["mfz"] = {"Mabaan"}, ["mga"] = {"Middle Irish (900-1200)"}, ["mgb"] = {"Mararit"}, ["mgc"] = {"Morokodo"}, ["mgd"] = {"Moru"}, ["mge"] = {"Mango"}, ["mgf"] = {"Maklew"}, ["mgg"] = {"Mpumpong"}, ["mgh"] = {"Makhuwa-Meetto"}, ["mgi"] = {"Lijili"}, ["mgj"] = {"Abureni"}, ["mgk"] = {"Mawes"}, ["mgl"] = {"Maleu-Kilenge"}, ["mgm"] = {"Mambae"}, ["mgn"] = {"Mbangi"}, ["mgo"] = {"Meta'"}, ["mgp"] = {"Eastern Magar"}, ["mgq"] = {"Malila"}, ["mgr"] = {"Mambwe-Lungu"}, ["mgs"] = {"Manda (Tanzania)"}, ["mgt"] = {"Mongol"}, ["mgu"] = {"Mailu"}, ["mgv"] = {"Matengo"}, ["mgw"] = {"Matumbi"}, ["mgy"] = {"Mbunga"}, ["mgz"] = {"Mbugwe"}, ["mha"] = {"Manda (India)"}, ["mhb"] = {"Mahongwe"}, ["mhc"] = {"Mocho"}, ["mhd"] = {"Mbugu"}, ["mhe"] = {"Besisi", "Mah Meri"}, ["mhf"] = {"Mamaa"}, ["mhg"] = {"Margu"}, ["mhi"] = {"Ma'di"}, ["mhj"] = {"Mogholi"}, ["mhk"] = {"Mungaka"}, ["mhl"] = {"Mauwake"}, ["mhm"] = {"Makhuwa-Moniga"}, ["mhn"] = {"Mòcheno"}, ["mho"] = {"Mashi (Zambia)"}, ["mhp"] = {"Balinese Malay"}, ["mhq"] = {"Mandan"}, ["mhr"] = {"Eastern Mari"}, ["mhs"] = {"Buru (Indonésia)"}, ["mht"] = {"Mandahuaca"}, ["mhu"] = {"Digaro-Mishmi", "Darang Deng"}, ["mhw"] = {"Mbukushu"}, ["mhx"] = {"Maru", "Lhaovo"}, ["mhy"] = {"Ma'anyan"}, ["mhz"] = {"Mor (Mor Islands)"}, ["mia"] = {"Miami"}, ["mib"] = {"Atatláhuca Mixtec"}, ["mic"] = {"Mi'kmaq", "Micmac"}, ["mid"] = {"Mandaic"}, ["mie"] = {"Ocotepec Mixtec"}, ["mif"] = {"Mofu-Gudur"}, ["mig"] = {"San Miguel El Grande Mixtec"}, ["mih"] = {"Chayuco Mixtec"}, ["mii"] = {"Chigmecatitlán Mixtec"}, ["mij"] = {"Abar", "Mungbam"}, ["mik"] = {"Mikasuki"}, ["mil"] = {"Peñoles Mixtec"}, ["mim"] = {"Alacatlatzala Mixtec"}, ["min"] = {"Minangkabau"}, ["mio"] = {"Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec"}, ["mip"] = {"Apasco-Apoala Mixtec"}, ["miq"] = {"Mískito"}, ["mir"] = {"Isthmus Mixe"}, ["mis"] = {"nu teu dikodekeun"}, ["mit"] = {"Southern Puebla Mixtec"}, ["miu"] = {"Cacaloxtepec Mixtec"}, ["miw"] = {"Akoye"}, ["mix"] = {"Mixtepec Mixtec"}, ["miy"] = {"Ayutla Mixtec"}, ["miz"] = {"Coatzospan Mixtec"}, ["mjb"] = {"Makalero"}, ["mjc"] = {"San Juan Colorado Mixtec"}, ["mjd"] = {"Northwest Maidu"}, ["mje"] = {"Muskum"}, ["mjg"] = {"Tu"}, ["mjh"] = {"Mwera (Nyasa)"}, ["mji"] = {"Kim Mun"}, ["mjj"] = {"Mawak"}, ["mjk"] = {"Matukar"}, ["mjl"] = {"Mandeali"}, ["mjm"] = {"Medebur"}, ["mjn"] = {"Ma (Papua Nugini)"}, ["mjo"] = {"Malankuravan"}, ["mjp"] = {"Malapandaram"}, ["mjq"] = {"Malaryan"}, ["mjr"] = {"Malavedan"}, ["mjs"] = {"Miship"}, ["mjt"] = {"Sauria Paharia"}, ["mju"] = {"Manna-Dora"}, ["mjv"] = {"Mannan"}, ["mjw"] = {"Karbi"}, ["mjx"] = {"Mahali"}, ["mjy"] = {"Mahican"}, ["mjz"] = {"Majhi"}, ["mka"] = {"Mbre"}, ["mkb"] = {"Mal Paharia"}, ["mkc"] = {"Siliput"}, ["mke"] = {"Mawchi"}, ["mkf"] = {"Miya"}, ["mkg"] = {"Mak (China)"}, ["mkh"] = {"Rungkun basa Mon-Khmer"}, ["mki"] = {"Dhatki"}, ["mkj"] = {"Mokilese"}, ["mkk"] = {"Byep"}, ["mkl"] = {"Mokole"}, ["mkm"] = {"Moklen"}, ["mkn"] = {"Kupang Malay"}, ["mko"] = {"Mingang Doso"}, ["mkp"] = {"Moikodi"}, ["mkq"] = {"Bay Miwok"}, ["mkr"] = {"Malas"}, ["mks"] = {"Silacayoapan Mixtec"}, ["mkt"] = {"Vamale"}, ["mku"] = {"Konyanka Maninka"}, ["mkv"] = {"Mafea"}, ["mkw"] = {"Kituba (Kongo)"}, ["mkx"] = {"Kinamiging Manobo"}, ["mky"] = {"East Makian"}, ["mkz"] = {"Makasae"}, ["mla"] = {"Malo"}, ["mlb"] = {"Mbule"}, ["mlc"] = {"Cao Lan"}, ["mle"] = {"Manambu"}, ["mlf"] = {"Mal"}, ["mlh"] = {"Mape"}, ["mli"] = {"Malimpung"}, ["mlj"] = {"Miltu"}, ["mlk"] = {"Ilwana", "Kiwilwana"}, ["mll"] = {"Malua Bay"}, ["mlm"] = {"Mulam"}, ["mln"] = {"Malango"}, ["mlo"] = {"Mlomp"}, ["mlp"] = {"Bargam"}, ["mlq"] = {"Western Maninkakan"}, ["mlr"] = {"Vame"}, ["mls"] = {"Masalit"}, ["mlu"] = {"To'abaita"}, ["mlv"] = {"Motlav", "Mwotlap"}, ["mlw"] = {"Moloko"}, ["mlx"] = {"Malfaxal", "Naha'ai"}, ["mlz"] = {"Malaynon"}, ["mma"] = {"Mama"}, ["mmb"] = {"Momina"}, ["mmc"] = {"Michoacán Mazahua"}, ["mmd"] = {"Maonan"}, ["mme"] = {"Mae"}, ["mmf"] = {"Mundat"}, ["mmg"] = {"North Ambrym"}, ["mmh"] = {"Mehináku"}, ["mmi"] = {"Hember Avu", "Amben", "Musar"}, ["mmj"] = {"Majhwar"}, ["mmk"] = {"Mukha-Dora"}, ["mml"] = {"Man Met"}, ["mmm"] = {"Maii"}, ["mmn"] = {"Mamanwa"}, ["mmo"] = {"Mangga Buang"}, ["mmp"] = {"Siawi"}, ["mmq"] = {"Musak"}, ["mmr"] = {"Western Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mmt"] = {"Malalamai"}, ["mmu"] = {"Mmaala"}, ["mmv"] = {"Miriti"}, ["mmw"] = {"Emae"}, ["mmx"] = {"Madak"}, ["mmy"] = {"Migaama"}, ["mmz"] = {"Mabaale"}, ["mna"] = {"Mbula"}, ["mnb"] = {"Muna"}, ["mnc"] = {"Manchu"}, ["mnd"] = {"Mondé"}, ["mne"] = {"Naba"}, ["mnf"] = {"Mundani"}, ["mng"] = {"Eastern Mnong"}, ["mnh"] = {"Mono (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["mni"] = {"Manipuri"}, ["mnj"] = {"Munji"}, ["mnk"] = {"Mandinka"}, ["mnl"] = {"Tiale"}, ["mnm"] = {"Mapena"}, ["mnn"] = {"Southern Mnong"}, ["mno"] = {"Rungkun basa Manobo"}, ["mnp"] = {"Min Bei Chinese"}, ["mnq"] = {"Minriq"}, ["mnr"] = {"Mono (USA)"}, ["mns"] = {"Mansi"}, ["mnu"] = {"Mer"}, ["mnv"] = {"Rennell-Bellona"}, ["mnw"] = {"Mon"}, ["mnx"] = {"Manikion"}, ["mny"] = {"Manyawa"}, ["mnz"] = {"Moni"}, ["moa"] = {"Mwan"}, ["moc"] = {"Mocoví"}, ["mod"] = {"Mobilian"}, ["moe"] = {"Innu", "Montagnais"}, ["mog"] = {"Mongondow"}, ["moh"] = {"Mohawk", "Kanien'kéha"}, ["moi"] = {"Mboi"}, ["moj"] = {"Monzombo"}, ["mok"] = {"Morori"}, ["mom"] = {"Mangue"}, ["moo"] = {"Monom"}, ["mop"] = {"Mopán Maya"}, ["moq"] = {"Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)"}, ["mor"] = {"Moro"}, ["mos"] = {"Mossi"}, ["mot"] = {"Barí"}, ["mou"] = {"Mogum"}, ["mov"] = {"Mohave"}, ["mow"] = {"Moi (Kongo)"}, ["mox"] = {"Molima"}, ["moy"] = {"Shekkacho"}, ["moz"] = {"Mukulu", "Gergiko"}, ["mpa"] = {"Mpoto"}, ["mpb"] = {"Malak Malak", "Basa Mullukmulluk"}, ["mpc"] = {"Mangarrayi"}, ["mpd"] = {"Machinere"}, ["mpe"] = {"Majang"}, ["mpg"] = {"Marba"}, ["mph"] = {"Maung"}, ["mpi"] = {"Mpade"}, ["mpj"] = {"Martu Wangka", "Basa Wangkajunga"}, ["mpk"] = {"Mbara (Chad)"}, ["mpl"] = {"Middle Watut"}, ["mpm"] = {"Yosondúa Mixtec"}, ["mpn"] = {"Mindiri"}, ["mpo"] = {"Miu"}, ["mpp"] = {"Migabac"}, ["mpq"] = {"Matís"}, ["mpr"] = {"Vangunu"}, ["mps"] = {"Dadibi"}, ["mpt"] = {"Mian"}, ["mpu"] = {"Makuráp"}, ["mpv"] = {"Mungkip"}, ["mpw"] = {"Mapidian"}, ["mpx"] = {"Misima-Panaeati"}, ["mpy"] = {"Mapia"}, ["mpz"] = {"Mpi"}, ["mqa"] = {"Maba (Indonésia)"}, ["mqb"] = {"Mbuko"}, ["mqc"] = {"Mangole"}, ["mqe"] = {"Matepi"}, ["mqf"] = {"Momuna"}, ["mqg"] = {"Kota Bangun Kutai Malay"}, ["mqh"] = {"Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["mqi"] = {"Mariri"}, ["mqj"] = {"Mamasa"}, ["mqk"] = {"Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo"}, ["mql"] = {"Mbelime"}, ["mqm"] = {"South Marquesan"}, ["mqn"] = {"Moronene"}, ["mqo"] = {"Modole"}, ["mqp"] = {"Manipa"}, ["mqq"] = {"Minokok"}, ["mqr"] = {"Mander"}, ["mqs"] = {"West Makian"}, ["mqt"] = {"Mok"}, ["mqu"] = {"Mandari"}, ["mqv"] = {"Mosimo"}, ["mqw"] = {"Murupi"}, ["mqx"] = {"Mamuju"}, ["mqy"] = {"Manggarai"}, ["mqz"] = {"Pano"}, ["mra"] = {"Mlabri"}, ["mrb"] = {"Marino"}, ["mrc"] = {"Maricopa"}, ["mrd"] = {"Western Magar"}, ["mre"] = {"Basa Isarat Kebon Anggur Martha"}, ["mrf"] = {"Elseng"}, ["mrg"] = {"Mising"}, ["mrh"] = {"Mara Chin"}, ["mrj"] = {"Western Mari"}, ["mrk"] = {"Hmwaveke"}, ["mrl"] = {"Mortlockese"}, ["mrm"] = {"Merlav", "Mwerlap"}, ["mrn"] = {"Cheke Holo"}, ["mro"] = {"Mru"}, ["mrp"] = {"Morouas"}, ["mrq"] = {"North Marquesan"}, ["mrr"] = {"Maria (India)"}, ["mrs"] = {"Maragus"}, ["mrt"] = {"Marghi Tengah"}, ["mru"] = {"Mono (Kamerun)"}, ["mrv"] = {"Mangareva"}, ["mrw"] = {"Maranao"}, ["mrx"] = {"Maremgi", "Dineor"}, ["mry"] = {"Mandaya"}, ["mrz"] = {"Marind"}, ["msb"] = {"Masbatenyo"}, ["msc"] = {"Sankaran Maninka"}, ["msd"] = {"Basa Isarat Yucatec Maya"}, ["mse"] = {"Musey"}, ["msf"] = {"Mekwei"}, ["msg"] = {"Moraid"}, ["msh"] = {"Masikoro Malagasy"}, ["msi"] = {"Sabah Malay"}, ["msj"] = {"Ma (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["msk"] = {"Mansaka"}, ["msl"] = {"Molof", "Poule"}, ["msm"] = {"Agusan Manobo"}, ["msn"] = {"Vurës"}, ["mso"] = {"Mombum"}, ["msp"] = {"Maritsauá"}, ["msq"] = {"Caac"}, ["msr"] = {"Basa Isarat Mongolia"}, ["mss"] = {"West Masela"}, ["msu"] = {"Musom"}, ["msv"] = {"Maslam"}, ["msw"] = {"Mansoanka"}, ["msx"] = {"Moresada"}, ["msy"] = {"Aruamu"}, ["msz"] = {"Momare"}, ["mta"] = {"Cotabato Manobo"}, ["mtb"] = {"Anyin Morofo"}, ["mtc"] = {"Munit"}, ["mtd"] = {"Mualang"}, ["mte"] = {"Mono (Solomon Islands)"}, ["mtf"] = {"Murik (Papua Nugini)"}, ["mtg"] = {"Una"}, ["mth"] = {"Munggui"}, ["mti"] = {"Maiwa (Papua Nugini)"}, ["mtj"] = {"Moskona"}, ["mtk"] = {"Mbe'"}, ["mtl"] = {"Montol"}, ["mtm"] = {"Mator"}, ["mtn"] = {"Matagalpa"}, ["mto"] = {"Totontepec Mixe"}, ["mtp"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Nocten"}, ["mtq"] = {"Muong"}, ["mtr"] = {"Mewari"}, ["mts"] = {"Yora"}, ["mtt"] = {"Mota"}, ["mtu"] = {"Tututepec Mixtec"}, ["mtv"] = {"Asaro'o"}, ["mtw"] = {"Southern Binukidnon"}, ["mtx"] = {"Tidaá Mixtec"}, ["mty"] = {"Nabi"}, ["mua"] = {"Mundang"}, ["mub"] = {"Mubi"}, ["muc"] = {"Ajumbu"}, ["mud"] = {"Mednyj Aleut"}, ["mue"] = {"Media Lengua"}, ["mug"] = {"Musgu"}, ["muh"] = {"Mündü"}, ["mui"] = {"Musi"}, ["muj"] = {"Mabire"}, ["muk"] = {"Mugom"}, ["mul"] = {"Sababaraha basa"}, ["mum"] = {"Maiwala"}, ["mun"] = {"Rungkun basa Munda"}, ["muo"] = {"Nyong"}, ["mup"] = {"Malvi"}, ["muq"] = {"Eastern Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mur"] = {"Murle"}, ["mus"] = {"Creek"}, ["mut"] = {"Western Muria"}, ["muu"] = {"Yaaku"}, ["muv"] = {"Muthuvan"}, ["mux"] = {"Bo-Ung"}, ["muy"] = {"Muyang"}, ["muz"] = {"Mursi"}, ["mva"] = {"Manam"}, ["mvb"] = {"Mattole"}, ["mvd"] = {"Mamboru"}, ["mve"] = {"Marwari (Pakistan)"}, ["mvf"] = {"Peripheral Mongolian"}, ["mvg"] = {"Yucuañe Mixtec"}, ["mvh"] = {"Mulgi"}, ["mvi"] = {"Miyako"}, ["mvk"] = {"Mekmek"}, ["mvl"] = {"Mbara (Australia)"}, ["mvn"] = {"Minaveha"}, ["mvo"] = {"Marovo"}, ["mvp"] = {"Duri"}, ["mvq"] = {"Moere"}, ["mvr"] = {"Marau"}, ["mvs"] = {"Massep"}, ["mvt"] = {"Mpotovoro"}, ["mvu"] = {"Marfa"}, ["mvv"] = {"Tagal Murut"}, ["mvw"] = {"Machinga"}, ["mvx"] = {"Meoswar"}, ["mvy"] = {"Indus Kohistani"}, ["mvz"] = {"Mesqan"}, ["mwa"] = {"Mwatebu"}, ["mwb"] = {"Juwal"}, ["mwc"] = {"Are"}, ["mwe"] = {"Mwera (Chimwera)"}, ["mwf"] = {"Murrinh-Patha"}, ["mwg"] = {"Aiklep"}, ["mwh"] = {"Mouk-Aria"}, ["mwi"] = {"Labo", "Ninde"}, ["mwk"] = {"Kita Maninkakan"}, ["mwl"] = {"Mirandese"}, ["mwm"] = {"Sar"}, ["mwn"] = {"Nyamwanga"}, ["mwo"] = {"Central Maewo"}, ["mwp"] = {"Kala Lagaw Ya"}, ["mwq"] = {"Mün Chin"}, ["mwr"] = {"Marwari"}, ["mws"] = {"Mwimbi-Muthambi"}, ["mwt"] = {"Moken"}, ["mwu"] = {"Mittu"}, ["mwv"] = {"Mentawai"}, ["mww"] = {"Hmong Daw"}, ["mwz"] = {"Moingi"}, ["mxa"] = {"Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec"}, ["mxb"] = {"Tezoatlán Mixtec"}, ["mxc"] = {"Manyika"}, ["mxd"] = {"Modang"}, ["mxe"] = {"Mele-Fila"}, ["mxf"] = {"Malgbe"}, ["mxg"] = {"Mbangala"}, ["mxh"] = {"Mvuba"}, ["mxi"] = {"Mozarabic"}, ["mxj"] = {"Miju-Mishmi", "Geman Deng"}, ["mxk"] = {"Monumbo"}, ["mxl"] = {"Maxi Gbe"}, ["mxm"] = {"Meramera"}, ["mxn"] = {"basa Moi (Indonésia)"}, ["mxo"] = {"Mbowe"}, ["mxp"] = {"Tlahuitoltepec Mixe"}, ["mxq"] = {"Juquila Mixe"}, ["mxr"] = {"Murik (Malaysia)"}, ["mxs"] = {"Huitepec Mixtec"}, ["mxt"] = {"Jamiltepec Mixtec"}, ["mxu"] = {"Mada (Kamerun)"}, ["mxv"] = {"Metlatónoc Mixtec"}, ["mxw"] = {"Namo"}, ["mxx"] = {"Mahou", "Mawukakan"}, ["mxy"] = {"Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec"}, ["mxz"] = {"Central Masela"}, ["myb"] = {"Mbay"}, ["myc"] = {"Mayeka"}, ["mye"] = {"Myene"}, ["myf"] = {"Bambassi"}, ["myg"] = {"Manta"}, ["myh"] = {"Makah"}, ["myj"] = {"Mangayat"}, ["myk"] = {"Mamara Senoufo"}, ["myl"] = {"Moma"}, ["mym"] = {"Me'en"}, ["myn"] = {"Rungkun basa Maya"}, ["myo"] = {"Anfillo"}, ["myp"] = {"Pirahã"}, ["myr"] = {"Muniche"}, ["mys"] = {"Mesmes"}, ["myu"] = {"Mundurukú"}, ["myv"] = {"Erzya"}, ["myw"] = {"Muyuw"}, ["myx"] = {"Masaaba"}, ["myy"] = {"Macuna"}, ["myz"] = {"Classical Mandaic"}, ["mza"] = {"Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec"}, ["mzb"] = {"Tumzabt"}, ["mzc"] = {"Basa Isarat Madagaskar"}, ["mzd"] = {"Malimba"}, ["mze"] = {"Morawa"}, ["mzg"] = {"Basa Isarat Biara"}, ["mzh"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay"}, ["mzi"] = {"Ixcatlán Mazatec"}, ["mzj"] = {"Manya"}, ["mzk"] = {"Nigeria Mambila"}, ["mzl"] = {"Mazatlán Mixe"}, ["mzm"] = {"Mumuye"}, ["mzn"] = {"Mazanderani"}, ["mzo"] = {"Matipuhy"}, ["mzp"] = {"Movima"}, ["mzq"] = {"Mori Atas"}, ["mzr"] = {"Marúbo"}, ["mzs"] = {"Macanese"}, ["mzt"] = {"Mintil"}, ["mzu"] = {"Inapang"}, ["mzv"] = {"Manza"}, ["mzw"] = {"Deg"}, ["mzx"] = {"Mawayana"}, ["mzy"] = {"Basa Isarat Mosambik"}, ["mzz"] = {"Maiadomu"}, ["naa"] = {"Namla"}, ["nab"] = {"Southern Nambikuára"}, ["nac"] = {"Narak"}, ["nae"] = {"Naka'ela"}, ["naf"] = {"Nabak"}, ["nag"] = {"Naga Pidgin"}, ["nah"] = {"Rungkun basa Nahuatl"}, ["nai"] = {"Rungkun basa Indian Amérika Kalér"}, ["naj"] = {"Nalu"}, ["nak"] = {"Nakanai"}, ["nal"] = {"Nalik"}, ["nam"] = {"Ngan'gityemerri"}, ["nan"] = {"Min Nan Chinese"}, ["nao"] = {"Naaba"}, ["nap"] = {"Neapolitan"}, ["naq"] = {"Khoekhoe", "Nama (Namibia)"}, ["nar"] = {"Iguta"}, ["nas"] = {"Naasioi"}, ["nat"] = {"Ca̱hungwa̱rya̱", "Hungworo"}, ["naw"] = {"Nawuri"}, ["nax"] = {"Nakwi"}, ["nay"] = {"Ngarrindjeri"}, ["naz"] = {"Coatepec Nahuatl"}, ["nba"] = {"Nyemba"}, ["nbb"] = {"Ndoe"}, ["nbc"] = {"Chang Naga"}, ["nbd"] = {"Ngbinda"}, ["nbe"] = {"Konyak Naga"}, ["nbg"] = {"Nagarchal"}, ["nbh"] = {"Ngamo"}, ["nbi"] = {"Mao Naga"}, ["nbj"] = {"Ngarinyman"}, ["nbk"] = {"Nake"}, ["nbm"] = {"Ngbaka Ma'bo"}, ["nbn"] = {"Kuri"}, ["nbo"] = {"Nkukoli"}, ["nbp"] = {"Nnam"}, ["nbq"] = {"Nggem"}, ["nbr"] = {"Numana"}, ["nbs"] = {"Basa Isarat Namibia"}, ["nbt"] = {"Na"}, ["nbu"] = {"Rongmei Naga"}, ["nbv"] = {"Ngamambo"}, ["nbw"] = {"Southern Ngbandi"}, ["nby"] = {"Ningera"}, ["nca"] = {"Iyo"}, ["ncb"] = {"Central Nicobarese"}, ["ncc"] = {"Ponam"}, ["ncd"] = {"Nachering"}, ["nce"] = {"Yale"}, ["ncf"] = {"Notsi"}, ["ncg"] = {"Nisga'a"}, ["nch"] = {"Central Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nci"] = {"Classical Nahuatl"}, ["ncj"] = {"Northern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["nck"] = {"Na-kara"}, ["ncl"] = {"Michoacán Nahuatl"}, ["ncm"] = {"Nambo"}, ["ncn"] = {"Nauna"}, ["nco"] = {"Sibe"}, ["ncq"] = {"Northern Katang"}, ["ncr"] = {"Ncane"}, ["ncs"] = {"Basa Isarat Nikaragua"}, ["nct"] = {"Chothe Naga"}, ["ncu"] = {"Chumburung"}, ["ncx"] = {"Central Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["ncz"] = {"Natchez"}, ["nda"] = {"Ndasa"}, ["ndb"] = {"Kenswei Nsei"}, ["ndc"] = {"Ndau"}, ["ndd"] = {"Nde-Nsele-Nta"}, ["ndf"] = {"Nadruvian"}, ["ndg"] = {"Ndengereko"}, ["ndh"] = {"Ndali"}, ["ndi"] = {"Samba Leko"}, ["ndj"] = {"Ndamba"}, ["ndk"] = {"Ndaka"}, ["ndl"] = {"Ndolo"}, ["ndm"] = {"Ndam"}, ["ndn"] = {"Ngundi"}, ["ndp"] = {"Ndo"}, ["ndq"] = {"Ndombe"}, ["ndr"] = {"Ndoola"}, ["nds"] = {"Low German", "Low Saxon"}, ["ndt"] = {"Ndunga"}, ["ndu"] = {"Dugun"}, ["ndv"] = {"Ndut"}, ["ndw"] = {"Ndobo"}, ["ndx"] = {"Nduga"}, ["ndy"] = {"Lutos"}, ["ndz"] = {"Ndogo"}, ["nea"] = {"Eastern Ngad'a"}, ["neb"] = {"Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["nec"] = {"Nedebang"}, ["ned"] = {"Nde-Gbite"}, ["nee"] = {"Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak"}, ["nef"] = {"Nefamese"}, ["neg"] = {"Negidal"}, ["neh"] = {"Nyenkha"}, ["nei"] = {"Neo-Hittite"}, ["nej"] = {"Neko"}, ["nek"] = {"Neku"}, ["nem"] = {"Nemi"}, ["nen"] = {"Nengone"}, ["neo"] = {"Ná-Meo"}, ["neq"] = {"North Central Mixe"}, ["ner"] = {"Yahadian"}, ["nes"] = {"Bhoti Kinnauri"}, ["net"] = {"Nete"}, ["neu"] = {"Neo"}, ["nev"] = {"Nyaheun"}, ["new"] = {"Nepal Bhasa", "Newar", "Newari"}, ["nex"] = {"Neme"}, ["ney"] = {"Neyo"}, ["nez"] = {"Nez Perce"}, ["nfa"] = {"Dhao"}, ["nfd"] = {"Ahwai"}, ["nfl"] = {"Ayiwo", "Äiwoo"}, ["nfr"] = {"Nafaanra"}, ["nfu"] = {"Mfumte"}, ["nga"] = {"Ngbaka"}, ["ngb"] = {"Northern Ngbandi"}, ["ngc"] = {"Ngombe (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["ngd"] = {"Ngando (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["nge"] = {"Ngemba"}, ["ngf"] = {"Rungkun basa Lintas-Papua"}, ["ngg"] = {"Ngbaka Manza"}, ["ngh"] = {"Nǁng"}, ["ngi"] = {"Ngizim"}, ["ngj"] = {"Ngie"}, ["ngk"] = {"Dalabon"}, ["ngl"] = {"Lomwe"}, ["ngm"] = {"Ngatik Men's Creole"}, ["ngn"] = {"Ngwo"}, ["ngp"] = {"Ngulu"}, ["ngq"] = {"Ngurimi", "Ngoreme"}, ["ngr"] = {"Engdewu"}, ["ngs"] = {"Gvoko"}, ["ngt"] = {"Kriang", "Ngeq"}, ["ngu"] = {"Guerrero Nahuatl"}, ["ngv"] = {"Nagumi"}, ["ngw"] = {"Ngwaba"}, ["ngx"] = {"Nggwahyi"}, ["ngy"] = {"Tibea"}, ["ngz"] = {"Ngungwel"}, ["nha"] = {"Nhanda"}, ["nhb"] = {"Beng"}, ["nhc"] = {"Tabasco Nahuatl"}, ["nhd"] = {"Chiripá", "Ava Guaraní"}, ["nhe"] = {"Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nhf"] = {"Nhuwala"}, ["nhg"] = {"Tetelcingo Nahuatl"}, ["nhh"] = {"Nahari"}, ["nhi"] = {"Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl"}, ["nhk"] = {"Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl"}, ["nhm"] = {"Morelos Nahuatl"}, ["nhn"] = {"Central Nahuatl"}, ["nho"] = {"Takuu"}, ["nhp"] = {"Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl"}, ["nhq"] = {"Huaxcaleca Nahuatl"}, ["nhr"] = {"Naro"}, ["nht"] = {"Ometepec Nahuatl"}, ["nhu"] = {"Noone"}, ["nhv"] = {"Temascaltepec Nahuatl"}, ["nhw"] = {"Western Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nhx"] = {"Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl"}, ["nhy"] = {"Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl"}, ["nhz"] = {"Santa María La Alta Nahuatl"}, ["nia"] = {"Nias"}, ["nib"] = {"Nakame"}, ["nic"] = {"Niger-Kongo"}, ["nid"] = {"Ngandi"}, ["nie"] = {"Niellim"}, ["nif"] = {"Nek"}, ["nig"] = {"Ngalakgan"}, ["nih"] = {"Nyiha (Tanzania)"}, ["nii"] = {"Nii"}, ["nij"] = {"Ngaju"}, ["nik"] = {"Southern Nicobarese"}, ["nil"] = {"Nila"}, ["nim"] = {"Nilamba"}, ["nin"] = {"Ninzo"}, ["nio"] = {"Nganasan"}, ["niq"] = {"Nandi"}, ["nir"] = {"Nimboran"}, ["nis"] = {"Nimi"}, ["nit"] = {"Southeastern Kolami"}, ["niu"] = {"Niuean"}, ["niv"] = {"Gilyak"}, ["niw"] = {"Nimo"}, ["nix"] = {"Hema"}, ["niy"] = {"Ngiti"}, ["niz"] = {"Ningil"}, ["nja"] = {"Nzanyi"}, ["njb"] = {"Nocte Naga"}, ["njd"] = {"Ndonde Hamba"}, ["njh"] = {"Lotha Naga"}, ["nji"] = {"Gudanji"}, ["njj"] = {"Njen"}, ["njl"] = {"Njalgulgule"}, ["njm"] = {"Angami Naga"}, ["njn"] = {"Liangmai Naga"}, ["njo"] = {"Ao Naga"}, ["njr"] = {"Njerep"}, ["njs"] = {"Nisa"}, ["njt"] = {"Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin"}, ["nju"] = {"Ngadjunmaya"}, ["njx"] = {"Kunyi"}, ["njy"] = {"Njyem"}, ["njz"] = {"Nyishi"}, ["nka"] = {"Nkoya"}, ["nkb"] = {"Khoibu Naga"}, ["nkc"] = {"Nkongho"}, ["nkd"] = {"Koireng"}, ["nke"] = {"Duke"}, ["nkf"] = {"Inpui Naga"}, ["nkg"] = {"Nekgini"}, ["nkh"] = {"Khezha Naga"}, ["nki"] = {"Thangal Naga"}, ["nkj"] = {"Nakai"}, ["nkk"] = {"Nokuku"}, ["nkm"] = {"Namat"}, ["nkn"] = {"Nkangala"}, ["nko"] = {"Nkonya"}, ["nkp"] = {"Niuatoputapu"}, ["nkq"] = {"Nkami"}, ["nkr"] = {"Nukuoro"}, ["nks"] = {"North Asmat"}, ["nkt"] = {"Nyika (Tanzania)"}, ["nku"] = {"Bouna Kulango"}, ["nkv"] = {"Nyika (Malawi and Zambia)"}, ["nkw"] = {"Nkutu"}, ["nkx"] = {"Nkoroo"}, ["nkz"] = {"Nkari"}, ["nla"] = {"Ngombale"}, ["nlc"] = {"Nalca"}, ["nle"] = {"East Nyala"}, ["nlg"] = {"Gela"}, ["nli"] = {"Grangali"}, ["nlj"] = {"Nyali"}, ["nlk"] = {"Ninia Yali"}, ["nll"] = {"Nihali"}, ["nlm"] = {"Mankiyali"}, ["nlo"] = {"Ngul"}, ["nlq"] = {"Lao Naga"}, ["nlu"] = {"Nchumbulu"}, ["nlv"] = {"Orizaba Nahuatl"}, ["nlw"] = {"Walangama"}, ["nlx"] = {"Nahali"}, ["nly"] = {"Nyamal"}, ["nlz"] = {"Nalögo"}, ["nma"] = {"Maram Naga"}, ["nmb"] = {"Big Nambas", "V'ënen Taut"}, ["nmc"] = {"Ngam"}, ["nmd"] = {"Ndumu"}, ["nme"] = {"Mzieme Naga"}, ["nmf"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (India)"}, ["nmg"] = {"Kwasio"}, ["nmh"] = {"Monsang Naga"}, ["nmi"] = {"Nyam"}, ["nmj"] = {"Ngombe (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["nmk"] = {"Namakura"}, ["nml"] = {"Ndemli"}, ["nmm"] = {"Manangba"}, ["nmn"] = {"ǃXóõ"}, ["nmo"] = {"Moyon Naga"}, ["nmp"] = {"Nimanbur"}, ["nmq"] = {"Nambya"}, ["nmr"] = {"Nimbari"}, ["nms"] = {"Letemboi"}, ["nmt"] = {"Namonuito"}, ["nmu"] = {"Northeast Maidu"}, ["nmv"] = {"Ngamini"}, ["nmw"] = {"Nimoa", "Rifao"}, ["nmx"] = {"Nama (Papua Nugini)"}, ["nmy"] = {"Namuyi"}, ["nmz"] = {"Nawdm"}, ["nna"] = {"Nyangumarta"}, ["nnb"] = {"Nande"}, ["nnc"] = {"Nancere"}, ["nnd"] = {"West Ambae"}, ["nne"] = {"Ngandyera"}, ["nnf"] = {"Ngaing"}, ["nng"] = {"Maring Naga"}, ["nnh"] = {"Ngiemboon"}, ["nni"] = {"North Nuaulu"}, ["nnj"] = {"Nyangatom"}, ["nnk"] = {"Nankina"}, ["nnl"] = {"Northern Rengma Naga"}, ["nnm"] = {"Namia"}, ["nnn"] = {"Ngete"}, ["nnp"] = {"Wancho Naga"}, ["nnq"] = {"Ngindo"}, ["nnr"] = {"Narungga"}, ["nnt"] = {"Nanticoke"}, ["nnu"] = {"Dwang"}, ["nnv"] = {"Nugunu (Australia)"}, ["nnw"] = {"Southern Nuni"}, ["nny"] = {"Nyangga"}, ["nnz"] = {"Nda'nda'"}, ["noa"] = {"Woun Meu"}, ["noc"] = {"Nuk"}, ["nod"] = {"Northern Thai"}, ["noe"] = {"Nimadi"}, ["nof"] = {"Nomane"}, ["nog"] = {"Nogai"}, ["noh"] = {"Nomu"}, ["noi"] = {"Noiri"}, ["noj"] = {"Nonuya"}, ["nok"] = {"Nooksack", "Lhéchelesem"}, ["nol"] = {"Nomlaki"}, ["non"] = {"Old Norse"}, ["nop"] = {"Numanggang"}, ["noq"] = {"Ngongo"}, ["nos"] = {"Eastern Nisu"}, ["not"] = {"Nomatsiguenga"}, ["nou"] = {"Ewage-Notu"}, ["nov"] = {"Novial"}, ["now"] = {"Nyambo"}, ["noy"] = {"Noy"}, ["noz"] = {"Nayi"}, ["npa"] = {"Nar Phu"}, ["npb"] = {"Nupbikha"}, ["npg"] = {"Ponyo-Gongwang Naga"}, ["nph"] = {"Phom Naga"}, ["npi"] = {"Nepali (individual language)"}, ["npl"] = {"Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["npn"] = {"Mondropolon"}, ["npo"] = {"Pochuri Naga"}, ["nps"] = {"Nipsan"}, ["npu"] = {"Puimei Naga"}, ["npx"] = {"Noipx"}, ["npy"] = {"Napu"}, ["nqg"] = {"Southern Nago"}, ["nqk"] = {"Kura Ede Nago"}, ["nql"] = {"Ngendelengo"}, ["nqm"] = {"Ndom"}, ["nqn"] = {"Nen"}, ["nqo"] = {"N'Ko", "N’Ko"}, ["nqq"] = {"Kyan-Karyaw Naga"}, ["nqt"] = {"Nteng"}, ["nqy"] = {"Akyaung Ari Naga"}, ["nra"] = {"Ngom"}, ["nrb"] = {"Nara"}, ["nrc"] = {"Noric"}, ["nre"] = {"Southern Rengma Naga"}, ["nrf"] = {"Jèrriais", "Guernésiais", "Sercquiais"}, ["nrg"] = {"Narango"}, ["nri"] = {"Chokri Naga"}, ["nrk"] = {"Ngarla"}, ["nrl"] = {"Ngarluma"}, ["nrm"] = {"Narom"}, ["nrn"] = {"Norn"}, ["nrp"] = {"North Picene"}, ["nrr"] = {"Norra", "Nora"}, ["nrt"] = {"Northern Kalapuya"}, ["nru"] = {"Narua"}, ["nrx"] = {"Ngurmbur"}, ["nrz"] = {"Lala"}, ["nsa"] = {"Sangtam Naga"}, ["nsb"] = {"Lower Nossob"}, ["nsc"] = {"Nshi"}, ["nsd"] = {"Southern Nisu"}, ["nse"] = {"Nsenga"}, ["nsf"] = {"Northwestern Nisu"}, ["nsg"] = {"Ngasa"}, ["nsh"] = {"Ngoshie"}, ["nsi"] = {"Basa Isarat Nigéria"}, ["nsk"] = {"Naskapi"}, ["nsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Norwégia"}, ["nsm"] = {"Sumi Naga"}, ["nsn"] = {"Nehan"}, ["nso"] = {"Pedi", "Northern Sotho", "Sepedi"}, ["nsp"] = {"Basa Isarat Népal"}, ["nsq"] = {"Northern Sierra Miwok"}, ["nsr"] = {"Basa Isarat Maritim"}, ["nss"] = {"Nali"}, ["nst"] = {"Tase Naga"}, ["nsu"] = {"Sierra Negra Nahuatl"}, ["nsv"] = {"Southwestern Nisu"}, ["nsw"] = {"Navut"}, ["nsx"] = {"Nsongo"}, ["nsy"] = {"Nasal"}, ["nsz"] = {"Nisenan"}, ["ntd"] = {"Northern Tidung"}, ["ntg"] = {"Ngantangarra"}, ["nti"] = {"Natioro"}, ["ntj"] = {"Ngaanyatjarra"}, ["ntk"] = {"Ikoma-Nata-Isenye"}, ["ntm"] = {"Nateni"}, ["nto"] = {"Ntomba"}, ["ntp"] = {"Northern Tepehuan"}, ["ntr"] = {"Delo"}, ["ntu"] = {"Natügu"}, ["ntw"] = {"Nottoway"}, ["ntx"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (Myanmar)"}, ["nty"] = {"Mantsi"}, ["ntz"] = {"Natanzi"}, ["nua"] = {"Yuanga"}, ["nub"] = {"Rungkun basa Nubia"}, ["nuc"] = {"Nukuini"}, ["nud"] = {"Ngala"}, ["nue"] = {"Ngundu"}, ["nuf"] = {"Nusu"}, ["nug"] = {"Nungali"}, ["nuh"] = {"Ndunda"}, ["nui"] = {"Ngumbi"}, ["nuj"] = {"Nyole"}, ["nuk"] = {"Nuu-chah-nulth", "Nuuchahnulth"}, ["nul"] = {"Nusa Laut"}, ["num"] = {"Niuafo'ou"}, ["nun"] = {"Anong"}, ["nuo"] = {"Nguôn"}, ["nup"] = {"Nupe-Nupe-Tako"}, ["nuq"] = {"Nukumanu"}, ["nur"] = {"Nukuria"}, ["nus"] = {"Nuer"}, ["nut"] = {"Nung (Viet Nam)"}, ["nuu"] = {"Ngbundu"}, ["nuv"] = {"Northern Nuni"}, ["nuw"] = {"Nguluwan"}, ["nux"] = {"Mehek"}, ["nuy"] = {"Nunggubuyu"}, ["nuz"] = {"Tlamacazapa Nahuatl"}, ["nvh"] = {"Nasarian"}, ["nvm"] = {"Namiae"}, ["nvo"] = {"Nyokon"}, ["nwa"] = {"Nawathinehena"}, ["nwb"] = {"Nyabwa"}, ["nwc"] = {"Classical Newari", "Classical Nepal Bhasa", "Old Newari"}, ["nwe"] = {"Ngwe"}, ["nwg"] = {"Ngayawung"}, ["nwi"] = {"Southwest Tanna"}, ["nwm"] = {"Nyamusa-Molo"}, ["nwo"] = {"Nauo"}, ["nwr"] = {"Nawaru"}, ["nww"] = {"Ndwewe"}, ["nwx"] = {"Middle Newar"}, ["nwy"] = {"Nottoway-Meherrin"}, ["nxa"] = {"Nauete"}, ["nxd"] = {"Ngando (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["nxe"] = {"Nage"}, ["nxg"] = {"Ngad'a"}, ["nxi"] = {"Nindi"}, ["nxk"] = {"Koki Naga"}, ["nxl"] = {"South Nuaulu"}, ["nxm"] = {"Numidian"}, ["nxn"] = {"Ngawun"}, ["nxo"] = {"Ndambomo"}, ["nxq"] = {"Naxi"}, ["nxr"] = {"Ninggerum"}, ["nxx"] = {"Nafri"}, ["nyb"] = {"Nyangbo"}, ["nyc"] = {"Nyanga-li"}, ["nyd"] = {"Nyore", "Olunyole"}, ["nye"] = {"Nyengo"}, ["nyf"] = {"Giryama", "Kigiryama"}, ["nyg"] = {"Nyindu"}, ["nyh"] = {"Nyikina"}, ["nyi"] = {"Ama (Sudan)"}, ["nyj"] = {"Nyanga"}, ["nyk"] = {"Nyaneka"}, ["nyl"] = {"Nyeu"}, ["nym"] = {"Nyamwezi"}, ["nyn"] = {"Nyankole"}, ["nyo"] = {"Nyoro"}, ["nyp"] = {"Nyang'i"}, ["nyq"] = {"Nayini"}, ["nyr"] = {"Nyiha (Malawi)"}, ["nys"] = {"Nyungar"}, ["nyt"] = {"Nyawaygi"}, ["nyu"] = {"Nyungwe"}, ["nyv"] = {"Nyulnyul"}, ["nyw"] = {"Nyaw"}, ["nyx"] = {"Nganyaywana"}, ["nyy"] = {"Nyakyusa-Ngonde"}, ["nza"] = {"Tigon Mbembe"}, ["nzb"] = {"Njebi"}, ["nzd"] = {"Nzadi"}, ["nzi"] = {"Nzima"}, ["nzk"] = {"Nzakara"}, ["nzm"] = {"Zeme Naga"}, ["nzr"] = {"Dir-Nyamzak-Mbarimi"}, ["nzs"] = {"Basa Isarat Selandia Anyar"}, ["nzu"] = {"Teke-Nzikou"}, ["nzy"] = {"Nzakambay"}, ["nzz"] = {"Nanga Dama Dogon"}, ["oaa"] = {"Orok"}, ["oac"] = {"Oroch"}, ["oak"] = {"Noakhali", "Noakhailla"}, ["oar"] = {"Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)", "Ancient Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)"}, ["oav"] = {"Old Avar"}, ["obi"] = {"Obispeño"}, ["obk"] = {"Southern Bontok"}, ["obl"] = {"Oblo"}, ["obm"] = {"Moabite"}, ["obo"] = {"Obo Manobo"}, ["obr"] = {"Old Burmese"}, ["obt"] = {"Old Breton"}, ["obu"] = {"Obulom"}, ["oca"] = {"Ocaina"}, ["och"] = {"Old Chinese"}, ["ocm"] = {"Old Cham"}, ["oco"] = {"Old Cornish"}, ["ocu"] = {"Atzingo Matlatzinca"}, ["oda"] = {"Odut"}, ["odk"] = {"Od"}, ["odt"] = {"Old Dutch"}, ["odu"] = {"Odual"}, ["ofo"] = {"Ofo"}, ["ofs"] = {"Old Frisian"}, ["ofu"] = {"Efutop"}, ["ogb"] = {"Ogbia"}, ["ogc"] = {"Ogbah"}, ["oge"] = {"Old Georgian"}, ["ogg"] = {"Ogbogolo"}, ["ogo"] = {"Khana"}, ["ogu"] = {"Ogbronuagum"}, ["oht"] = {"Old Hittite"}, ["ohu"] = {"Old Hungarian"}, ["oia"] = {"Oirata"}, ["oie"] = {"Okolie"}, ["oin"] = {"Inebu One"}, ["ojb"] = {"Northwestern Ojibwa"}, ["ojc"] = {"Central Ojibwa"}, ["ojg"] = {"Eastern Ojibwa"}, ["ojp"] = {"Old Japanese"}, ["ojs"] = {"Severn Ojibwa"}, ["ojv"] = {"Ontong Java"}, ["ojw"] = {"Western Ojibwa"}, ["oka"] = {"Okanagan"}, ["okb"] = {"Okobo"}, ["okc"] = {"Kobo"}, ["okd"] = {"Okodia"}, ["oke"] = {"Okpe (Southwestern Edo)"}, ["okg"] = {"Koko Babangk"}, ["okh"] = {"Koresh-e Rostam"}, ["oki"] = {"Okiek"}, ["okj"] = {"Oko-Juwoi"}, ["okk"] = {"Kwamtim One"}, ["okl"] = {"Basa Isarat Kentish Kuna"}, ["okm"] = {"Koréa Tengah (10th-16th cent.)"}, ["okn"] = {"Oki-No-Erabu"}, ["oko"] = {"Old Korean (3rd-9th cent.)"}, ["okr"] = {"Kirike"}, ["oks"] = {"Oko-Eni-Osayen"}, ["oku"] = {"Oku"}, ["okv"] = {"Orokaiva"}, ["okx"] = {"Okpe (Northwestern Edo)"}, ["okz"] = {"Old Khmer"}, ["ola"] = {"Walungge"}, ["olb"] = {"Oli-Bodiman"}, ["old"] = {"Mochi"}, ["ole"] = {"Olekha"}, ["olk"] = {"Olkol"}, ["olm"] = {"Oloma"}, ["olo"] = {"Livvi"}, ["olr"] = {"Olrat"}, ["olt"] = {"Old Lithuanian"}, ["olu"] = {"Kuvale"}, ["oma"] = {"Omaha-Ponca"}, ["omb"] = {"East Ambae"}, ["omc"] = {"Mochica"}, ["omg"] = {"Omagua"}, ["omi"] = {"Omi"}, ["omk"] = {"Omok"}, ["oml"] = {"Ombo"}, ["omn"] = {"Minoan"}, ["omo"] = {"Utarmbung"}, ["omp"] = {"Old Manipuri"}, ["omq"] = {"Rungkun basa Oto-Manguea"}, ["omr"] = {"Old Marathi"}, ["omt"] = {"Omotik"}, ["omu"] = {"Omurano"}, ["omv"] = {"Omotic"}, ["omw"] = {"South Tairora"}, ["omx"] = {"Old Mon"}, ["omy"] = {"Old Malay"}, ["ona"] = {"Ona"}, ["onb"] = {"Lingao"}, ["one"] = {"Oneida"}, ["ong"] = {"Olo"}, ["oni"] = {"Onin"}, ["onj"] = {"Onjob"}, ["onk"] = {"Kabore One"}, ["onn"] = {"Onobasulu"}, ["ono"] = {"Onondaga"}, ["onp"] = {"Sartang"}, ["onr"] = {"Northern One"}, ["ons"] = {"Ono"}, ["ont"] = {"Ontenu"}, ["onu"] = {"Unua"}, ["onw"] = {"Old Nubian"}, ["onx"] = {"Onin Based Pidgin"}, ["ood"] = {"Tohono O'odham"}, ["oog"] = {"Ong"}, ["oon"] = {"Önge"}, ["oor"] = {"Oorlams"}, ["oos"] = {"Old Ossetic"}, ["opa"] = {"Okpamheri"}, ["opk"] = {"Kopkaka"}, ["opm"] = {"Oksapmin"}, ["opo"] = {"Opao"}, ["opt"] = {"Opata"}, ["opy"] = {"Ofayé"}, ["ora"] = {"Oroha"}, ["orc"] = {"Orma"}, ["ore"] = {"Orejón"}, ["org"] = {"Oring"}, ["orh"] = {"Oroqen"}, ["orn"] = {"Orang Kanaq"}, ["oro"] = {"Orokolo"}, ["orr"] = {"Oruma"}, ["ors"] = {"Orang Seletar"}, ["ort"] = {"Adivasi Oriya"}, ["oru"] = {"Ormuri"}, ["orv"] = {"Old Russian"}, ["orw"] = {"Oro Win"}, ["orx"] = {"Oro"}, ["ory"] = {"Odia (individual language)", "Oriya (individual language)"}, ["orz"] = {"Ormu"}, ["osa"] = {"Osage"}, ["osc"] = {"Oscan"}, ["osd"] = {"Digor Ossetic", "Digor", "Digor Ossetian"}, ["osi"] = {"Osing"}, ["osn"] = {"Old Sundanese"}, ["oso"] = {"Ososo"}, ["osp"] = {"Old Spanish"}, ["ost"] = {"Osatu"}, ["osu"] = {"Southern One"}, ["osx"] = {"Old Saxon"}, ["ota"] = {"Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)"}, ["otb"] = {"Old Tibetan"}, ["otd"] = {"Ot Danum"}, ["ote"] = {"Mezquital Otomi"}, ["oti"] = {"Oti"}, ["otk"] = {"Old Turkish"}, ["otl"] = {"Tilapa Otomi"}, ["otm"] = {"Eastern Highland Otomi"}, ["otn"] = {"Tenango Otomi"}, ["oto"] = {"Otomian"}, ["otq"] = {"Querétaro Otomi"}, ["otr"] = {"Otoro"}, ["ots"] = {"Estado de México Otomi"}, ["ott"] = {"Temoaya Otomi"}, ["otu"] = {"Otuke"}, ["otw"] = {"Ottawa"}, ["otx"] = {"Texcatepec Otomi"}, ["oty"] = {"Old Tamil"}, ["otz"] = {"Ixtenco Otomi"}, ["oua"] = {"Tagargrent"}, ["oub"] = {"Glio-Oubi"}, ["oue"] = {"Oune"}, ["oui"] = {"Old Uighur"}, ["oum"] = {"Ouma"}, ["ovd"] = {"Elfdalian", "Övdalian"}, ["owi"] = {"Owiniga"}, ["owl"] = {"Old Welsh"}, ["oyb"] = {"Oy"}, ["oyd"] = {"Oyda"}, ["oym"] = {"Wayampi"}, ["oyy"] = {"Oya'oya"}, ["ozm"] = {"Koonzime"}, ["paa"] = {"Rungkun basa Papua"}, ["pab"] = {"Parecís"}, ["pac"] = {"Pacoh"}, ["pad"] = {"Paumarí"}, ["pae"] = {"Pagibete"}, ["paf"] = {"Paranawát"}, ["pag"] = {"Pangasinan"}, ["pah"] = {"Tenharim"}, ["pai"] = {"Pe"}, ["pak"] = {"Parakanã"}, ["pal"] = {"Pahlavi"}, ["pam"] = {"Pampanga", "Kapampangan"}, ["pao"] = {"Northern Paiute"}, ["pap"] = {"Papiamento"}, ["paq"] = {"Parya"}, ["par"] = {"Panamint", "Timbisha"}, ["pas"] = {"Papasena"}, ["pau"] = {"Palauan"}, ["pav"] = {"Pakaásnovos"}, ["paw"] = {"Pawnee"}, ["pax"] = {"Pankararé"}, ["pay"] = {"Pech"}, ["paz"] = {"Pankararú"}, ["pbb"] = {"Páez"}, ["pbc"] = {"Patamona"}, ["pbe"] = {"Mezontla Popoloca"}, ["pbf"] = {"Coyotepec Popoloca"}, ["pbg"] = {"Paraujano"}, ["pbh"] = {"E'ñapa Woromaipu"}, ["pbi"] = {"Parkwa"}, ["pbl"] = {"Mak (Nigéria)"}, ["pbm"] = {"Puebla Mazatec"}, ["pbn"] = {"Kpasam"}, ["pbo"] = {"Papel"}, ["pbp"] = {"Badyara"}, ["pbr"] = {"Pangwa"}, ["pbs"] = {"Central Pame"}, ["pbt"] = {"Southern Pashto"}, ["pbu"] = {"Northern Pashto"}, ["pbv"] = {"Pnar"}, ["pby"] = {"Pyu (Papua Nugini)"}, ["pca"] = {"Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca"}, ["pcb"] = {"Pear"}, ["pcc"] = {"Bouyei"}, ["pcd"] = {"Picard"}, ["pce"] = {"Ruching Palaung"}, ["pcf"] = {"Paliyan"}, ["pcg"] = {"Paniya"}, ["pch"] = {"Pardhan"}, ["pci"] = {"Duruwa"}, ["pcj"] = {"Parenga"}, ["pck"] = {"Paite Chin"}, ["pcl"] = {"Pardhi"}, ["pcm"] = {"Nigerian Pidgin"}, ["pcn"] = {"Piti"}, ["pcp"] = {"Pacahuara"}, ["pcw"] = {"Pyapun"}, ["pda"] = {"Anam"}, ["pdc"] = {"Pennsylvania German"}, ["pdi"] = {"Pa Di"}, ["pdn"] = {"Podena", "Fedan"}, ["pdo"] = {"Padoe"}, ["pdt"] = {"Plautdietsch"}, ["pdu"] = {"Kayan"}, ["pea"] = {"Peranakan Indonésia"}, ["peb"] = {"Eastern Pomo"}, ["ped"] = {"Mala (Papua Nugini)"}, ["pee"] = {"Taje"}, ["pef"] = {"Northeastern Pomo"}, ["peg"] = {"Pengo"}, ["peh"] = {"Bonan"}, ["pei"] = {"Chichimeca-Jonaz"}, ["pej"] = {"Northern Pomo"}, ["pek"] = {"Penchal"}, ["pel"] = {"Pekal"}, ["pem"] = {"Phende"}, ["peo"] = {"Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)"}, ["pep"] = {"Kunja"}, ["peq"] = {"Southern Pomo"}, ["pes"] = {"Iranian Persian"}, ["pev"] = {"Pémono"}, ["pex"] = {"Petats"}, ["pey"] = {"Petjo"}, ["pez"] = {"Eastern Penan"}, ["pfa"] = {"Pááfang"}, ["pfe"] = {"Pere"}, ["pfl"] = {"Pfaelzisch"}, ["pga"] = {"Arab Kréol Sudan"}, ["pgd"] = {"Gāndhārī"}, ["pgg"] = {"Pangwali"}, ["pgi"] = {"Pagi"}, ["pgk"] = {"Rerep"}, ["pgl"] = {"Primitive Irish"}, ["pgn"] = {"Paelignian"}, ["pgs"] = {"Pangseng"}, ["pgu"] = {"Pagu"}, ["pgz"] = {"Basa Isarat Papua Nugini"}, ["pha"] = {"Pa-Hng"}, ["phd"] = {"Phudagi"}, ["phg"] = {"Phuong"}, ["phh"] = {"Phukha"}, ["phi"] = {"Rungkun basa Pilipina"}, ["phj"] = {"Pahari"}, ["phk"] = {"Phake"}, ["phl"] = {"Phalura", "Basa Palula"}, ["phm"] = {"Phimbi"}, ["phn"] = {"Phoenician"}, ["pho"] = {"Phunoi"}, ["phq"] = {"Phana'"}, ["phr"] = {"Pahari-Potwari"}, ["pht"] = {"Phu Thai"}, ["phu"] = {"Phuan"}, ["phv"] = {"Pahlavani"}, ["phw"] = {"Phangduwali"}, ["pia"] = {"Pima Bajo"}, ["pib"] = {"Yine"}, ["pic"] = {"Pinji"}, ["pid"] = {"Piaroa"}, ["pie"] = {"Piro"}, ["pif"] = {"Pingelap"}, ["pig"] = {"Pisabo"}, ["pih"] = {"Pitcairn-Norfolk"}, ["pij"] = {"Pijao"}, ["pil"] = {"Yom"}, ["pim"] = {"Powhatan"}, ["pin"] = {"Piame"}, ["pio"] = {"Piapoco"}, ["pip"] = {"Pero"}, ["pir"] = {"Piratapuyo"}, ["pis"] = {"Pijin"}, ["pit"] = {"Pitta Pitta"}, ["piu"] = {"Pintupi-Luritja"}, ["piv"] = {"Pileni", "Basa Vaeakau-Taumako"}, ["piw"] = {"Pimbwe"}, ["pix"] = {"Piu"}, ["piy"] = {"Piya-Kwonci"}, ["piz"] = {"Pije"}, ["pjt"] = {"Pitjantjatjara"}, ["pka"] = {"Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit"}, ["pkb"] = {"Pokomo", "Kipfokomo"}, ["pkc"] = {"Paekche"}, ["pkg"] = {"Pak-Tong"}, ["pkh"] = {"Pankhu"}, ["pkn"] = {"Pakanha"}, ["pko"] = {"Pökoot"}, ["pkp"] = {"Pukapuka"}, ["pkr"] = {"Attapady Kurumba"}, ["pks"] = {"Basa Isarat Pakistan"}, ["pkt"] = {"Maleng"}, ["pku"] = {"Paku"}, ["pla"] = {"Miani"}, ["plb"] = {"Polonombauk"}, ["plc"] = {"Central Palawano"}, ["pld"] = {"Polari"}, ["ple"] = {"Palu'e"}, ["plf"] = {"Rungkun basa Malayu-Polinésia Tengah"}, ["plg"] = {"Pilagá"}, ["plh"] = {"Paulohi"}, ["plk"] = {"Kohistani Shina"}, ["pll"] = {"Shwe Palaung"}, ["pln"] = {"Palenquero"}, ["plo"] = {"Oluta Popoluca"}, ["plq"] = {"Palaic"}, ["plr"] = {"Palaka Senoufo"}, ["pls"] = {"San Marcos Tlacoyalco Popoloca", "San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca"}, ["plt"] = {"Plateau Malagasy"}, ["plu"] = {"Palikúr"}, ["plv"] = {"Southwest Palawano"}, ["plw"] = {"Brooke's Point Palawano"}, ["ply"] = {"Bolyu"}, ["plz"] = {"Paluan"}, ["pma"] = {"Paama"}, ["pmb"] = {"Pambia"}, ["pmd"] = {"Pallanganmiddang"}, ["pme"] = {"Pwaamei"}, ["pmf"] = {"Pamona"}, ["pmh"] = {"Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit"}, ["pmi"] = {"Northern Pumi"}, ["pmj"] = {"Southern Pumi"}, ["pml"] = {"Lingua Franca"}, ["pmm"] = {"Pomo"}, ["pmn"] = {"Pam"}, ["pmo"] = {"Pom"}, ["pmq"] = {"Northern Pame"}, ["pmr"] = {"Paynamar"}, ["pms"] = {"Piemontese"}, ["pmt"] = {"Tuamotuan"}, ["pmw"] = {"Plains Miwok"}, ["pmx"] = {"Poumei Naga"}, ["pmy"] = {"Malayu Papua"}, ["pmz"] = {"Southern Pame"}, ["pna"] = {"Punan Bah-Biau"}, ["pnb"] = {"Western Panjabi"}, ["pnc"] = {"Pannei"}, ["pnd"] = {"Mpinda"}, ["pne"] = {"Western Penan"}, ["png"] = {"Pangu", "Pongu"}, ["pnh"] = {"Penrhyn"}, ["pni"] = {"Aoheng"}, ["pnj"] = {"Pinjarup"}, ["pnk"] = {"Paunaka"}, ["pnl"] = {"Paleni"}, ["pnm"] = {"Punan Batu 1"}, ["pnn"] = {"Pinai-Hagahai"}, ["pno"] = {"Panobo"}, ["pnp"] = {"Pancana"}, ["pnq"] = {"Pana (Burkina Faso)"}, ["pnr"] = {"Panim"}, ["pns"] = {"Ponosakan"}, ["pnt"] = {"Pontic"}, ["pnu"] = {"Jiongnai Bunu"}, ["pnv"] = {"Pinigura"}, ["pnw"] = {"Banyjima", "Panytyima"}, ["pnx"] = {"Phong-Kniang"}, ["pny"] = {"Pinyin"}, ["pnz"] = {"Pana (Afrika Tengah)"}, ["poc"] = {"Poqomam"}, ["poe"] = {"San Juan Atzingo Popoloca"}, ["pof"] = {"Poke"}, ["pog"] = {"Potiguára"}, ["poh"] = {"Poqomchi'"}, ["poi"] = {"Highland Popoluca"}, ["pok"] = {"Pokangá"}, ["pom"] = {"Southeastern Pomo"}, ["pon"] = {"Pohnpeian"}, ["poo"] = {"Central Pomo"}, ["pop"] = {"Pwapwâ"}, ["poq"] = {"Texistepec Popoluca"}, ["pos"] = {"Sayula Popoluca"}, ["pot"] = {"Potawatomi"}, ["pov"] = {"Upper Guinea Crioulo"}, ["pow"] = {"San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca"}, ["pox"] = {"Polabian"}, ["poy"] = {"Pogolo"}, ["poz"] = {"Rungkun basa Malayu-Polinésia"}, ["ppe"] = {"Papi"}, ["ppi"] = {"Paipai"}, ["ppk"] = {"Uma"}, ["ppl"] = {"Pipil", "Basa Nicarao"}, ["ppm"] = {"Papuma"}, ["ppn"] = {"Papapana"}, ["ppo"] = {"Folopa"}, ["ppp"] = {"Pelende"}, ["ppq"] = {"Pei"}, ["pps"] = {"San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca"}, ["ppt"] = {"Pare"}, ["ppu"] = {"Papora"}, ["pqa"] = {"Pa'a"}, ["pqe"] = {"Rungkun basa Malayu-Polinésia Wétan"}, ["pqm"] = {"Malecite-Passamaquoddy"}, ["pqw"] = {"Rungkun basa Malayu-Polinésia Kulon"}, ["pra"] = {"Prakerta"}, ["prc"] = {"Parachi"}, ["prd"] = {"Parsi-Dari"}, ["pre"] = {"Principense"}, ["prf"] = {"Paranan"}, ["prg"] = {"Prussian"}, ["prh"] = {"Porohanon"}, ["pri"] = {"Paicî"}, ["prk"] = {"Parauk"}, ["prl"] = {"Basa Isarat Péru"}, ["prm"] = {"Kibiri"}, ["prn"] = {"Prasuni"}, ["pro"] = {"Old Provençal (to 1500)", "Old Occitan (to 1500)"}, ["prq"] = {"Ashéninka Perené"}, ["prr"] = {"Puri"}, ["prs"] = {"Dari", "Basa Pérsia Apganistan"}, ["prt"] = {"Phai"}, ["pru"] = {"Puragi"}, ["prw"] = {"Parawen"}, ["prx"] = {"Purik"}, ["prz"] = {"Basa Isarat Providensia"}, ["psa"] = {"Asue Awyu"}, ["psc"] = {"Basa Isarat Irani", "Basa Isarat Pérsia"}, ["psd"] = {"Basa Isarat India Dataran"}, ["pse"] = {"Central Malay"}, ["psg"] = {"Basa Isarat Penang"}, ["psh"] = {"Southwest Pashai", "Southwest Pashayi"}, ["psi"] = {"Southeast Pashai", "Southeast Pashayi"}, ["psl"] = {"Basa Isarat Puérto Riko"}, ["psm"] = {"Pauserna"}, ["psn"] = {"Panasuan"}, ["pso"] = {"Basa Isarat Polandia"}, ["psp"] = {"Basa Isarat Pilipina"}, ["psq"] = {"Pasi"}, ["psr"] = {"Basa Isarat Portugis"}, ["pss"] = {"Kaulong"}, ["pst"] = {"Pashto Tengah"}, ["psu"] = {"Sauraseni Prākrit"}, ["psw"] = {"Port Sandwich"}, ["psy"] = {"Piscataway"}, ["pta"] = {"Pai Tavytera"}, ["pth"] = {"Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe"}, ["pti"] = {"Pindiini", "Wangkatha"}, ["ptn"] = {"Patani"}, ["pto"] = {"Zo'é"}, ["ptp"] = {"Patep"}, ["ptq"] = {"Pattapu"}, ["ptr"] = {"Piamatsina"}, ["ptt"] = {"Enrekang"}, ["ptu"] = {"Bambam"}, ["ptv"] = {"Port Vato"}, ["ptw"] = {"Pentlatch"}, ["pty"] = {"Pathiya"}, ["pua"] = {"Western Highland Purepecha"}, ["pub"] = {"Purum"}, ["puc"] = {"Punan Merap"}, ["pud"] = {"Punan Aput"}, ["pue"] = {"Puelche"}, ["puf"] = {"Punan Merah"}, ["pug"] = {"Phuie"}, ["pui"] = {"Puinave"}, ["puj"] = {"Punan Tubu"}, ["pum"] = {"Puma"}, ["puo"] = {"Puoc"}, ["pup"] = {"Pulabu"}, ["puq"] = {"Puquina"}, ["pur"] = {"Puruborá"}, ["put"] = {"Putoh"}, ["puu"] = {"Punu"}, ["puw"] = {"Puluwatese"}, ["pux"] = {"Puare"}, ["puy"] = {"Purisimeño"}, ["pwa"] = {"Pawaia"}, ["pwb"] = {"Panawa"}, ["pwg"] = {"Gapapaiwa"}, ["pwi"] = {"Patwin"}, ["pwm"] = {"Molbog"}, ["pwn"] = {"Paiwan"}, ["pwo"] = {"Pwo Western Karen"}, ["pwr"] = {"Powari"}, ["pww"] = {"Pwo Northern Karen"}, ["pxm"] = {"Quetzaltepec Mixe"}, ["pye"] = {"Pye Krumen"}, ["pym"] = {"Fyam"}, ["pyn"] = {"Poyanáwa"}, ["pys"] = {"Basa Isarat Paraguay", "Lengua de Señas del Paraguay"}, ["pyu"] = {"Puyuma"}, ["pyx"] = {"Pyu (Myanmar)"}, ["pyy"] = {"Pyen"}, ["pze"] = {"Pesse"}, ["pzh"] = {"Pazeh"}, ["pzn"] = {"Jejara Naga", "Para Naga"}, ["qua"] = {"Quapaw"}, ["qub"] = {"Huallaga Huánuco Quechua"}, ["quc"] = {"K'iche'", "Quiché"}, ["qud"] = {"Calderón Highland Quichua"}, ["quf"] = {"Lambayeque Quechua"}, ["qug"] = {"Chimborazo Highland Quichua"}, ["quh"] = {"South Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qui"] = {"Quileute"}, ["quk"] = {"Chachapoyas Quechua"}, ["qul"] = {"North Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qum"] = {"Sipacapense"}, ["qun"] = {"Quinault"}, ["qup"] = {"Southern Pastaza Quechua"}, ["quq"] = {"Quinqui"}, ["qur"] = {"Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua"}, ["qus"] = {"Santiago del Estero Quichua"}, ["quv"] = {"Sacapulteco"}, ["quw"] = {"Tena Lowland Quichua"}, ["qux"] = {"Yauyos Quechua"}, ["quy"] = {"Ayacucho Quechua"}, ["quz"] = {"Cusco Quechua"}, ["qva"] = {"Ambo-Pasco Quechua"}, ["qvc"] = {"Cajamarca Quechua"}, ["qve"] = {"Eastern Apurímac Quechua"}, ["qvh"] = {"Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qvi"] = {"Imbabura Highland Quichua"}, ["qvj"] = {"Loja Highland Quichua"}, ["qvl"] = {"Cajatambo North Lima Quechua"}, ["qvm"] = {"Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua"}, ["qvn"] = {"North Junín Quechua"}, ["qvo"] = {"Napo Lowland Quechua"}, ["qvp"] = {"Pacaraos Quechua"}, ["qvs"] = {"San Martín Quechua"}, ["qvw"] = {"Huaylla Wanca Quechua"}, ["qvy"] = {"Queyu"}, ["qvz"] = {"Northern Pastaza Quichua"}, ["qwa"] = {"Corongo Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwc"] = {"Classical Quechua"}, ["qwe"] = {"Quechuan (kulawarga)"}, ["qwh"] = {"Huaylas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwm"] = {"Kuman (Rusia)"}, ["qws"] = {"Sihuas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwt"] = {"Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai"}, ["qxa"] = {"Chiquián Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxc"] = {"Chincha Quechua"}, ["qxh"] = {"Panao Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qxl"] = {"Salasaca Highland Quichua"}, ["qxn"] = {"Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxo"] = {"Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxp"] = {"Puno Quechua"}, ["qxq"] = {"Qashqa'i"}, ["qxr"] = {"Cañar Highland Quichua"}, ["qxs"] = {"Southern Qiang"}, ["qxt"] = {"Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua"}, ["qxu"] = {"Arequipa-La Unión Quechua"}, ["qxw"] = {"Jauja Wanca Quechua"}, ["qya"] = {"Quenya"}, ["qyp"] = {"Quiripi"}, ["raa"] = {"Dungmali"}, ["rab"] = {"Camling"}, ["rac"] = {"Rasawa"}, ["rad"] = {"Rade"}, ["raf"] = {"Western Meohang"}, ["rag"] = {"Logooli", "Lulogooli"}, ["rah"] = {"Rabha"}, ["rai"] = {"Ramoaaina"}, ["raj"] = {"Rajasthani"}, ["rak"] = {"Tulu-Bohuai"}, ["ral"] = {"Ralte"}, ["ram"] = {"Canela"}, ["ran"] = {"Riantana"}, ["rao"] = {"Rao"}, ["rap"] = {"Rapanui"}, ["raq"] = {"Saam"}, ["rar"] = {"Rarotongan", "Cook Islands Maori"}, ["ras"] = {"Tegali"}, ["rat"] = {"Razajerdi"}, ["rau"] = {"Raute"}, ["rav"] = {"Sampang"}, ["raw"] = {"Rawang"}, ["rax"] = {"Rang"}, ["ray"] = {"Rapa"}, ["raz"] = {"Rahambuu"}, ["rbb"] = {"Rumai Palaung"}, ["rbk"] = {"Northern Bontok"}, ["rbl"] = {"Miraya Bikol"}, ["rbp"] = {"Barababaraba"}, ["rcf"] = {"Réunion Creole French"}, ["rdb"] = {"Rudbari"}, ["rea"] = {"Rerau"}, ["reb"] = {"Rembong"}, ["ree"] = {"Rejang Kayan"}, ["reg"] = {"Kara (Tanzania)"}, ["rei"] = {"Reli"}, ["rej"] = {"Rejang"}, ["rel"] = {"Rendille"}, ["rem"] = {"Remo"}, ["ren"] = {"Rengao"}, ["rer"] = {"Rer Bare"}, ["res"] = {"Reshe"}, ["ret"] = {"Retta"}, ["rey"] = {"Reyesano"}, ["rga"] = {"Roria"}, ["rge"] = {"Romano-Greek"}, ["rgk"] = {"Rangkas"}, ["rgn"] = {"Romagnol"}, ["rgr"] = {"Resígaro"}, ["rgs"] = {"Southern Roglai"}, ["rgu"] = {"Ringgou"}, ["rhg"] = {"Rohingya"}, ["rhp"] = {"Yahang"}, ["ria"] = {"Riang (India)"}, ["rib"] = {"Basa Isarat Bribri"}, ["rif"] = {"Tarifit"}, ["ril"] = {"Riang Lang", "Riang (Myanmar)"}, ["rim"] = {"Nyaturu"}, ["rin"] = {"Nungu"}, ["rir"] = {"Ribun"}, ["rit"] = {"Ritharrngu"}, ["riu"] = {"Riung"}, ["rjg"] = {"Rajong"}, ["rji"] = {"Raji"}, ["rjs"] = {"Rajbanshi"}, ["rka"] = {"Kraol"}, ["rkb"] = {"Rikbaktsa"}, ["rkh"] = {"Rakahanga-Manihiki"}, ["rki"] = {"Rakhine"}, ["rkm"] = {"Marka"}, ["rkt"] = {"Rangpuri", "Kamta"}, ["rkw"] = {"Arakwal"}, ["rma"] = {"Rama"}, ["rmb"] = {"Rembarrnga"}, ["rmc"] = {"Carpathian Romani"}, ["rmd"] = {"Traveller Danish"}, ["rme"] = {"Angloromani"}, ["rmf"] = {"Kalo Finnish Romani"}, ["rmg"] = {"Traveller Norwegian"}, ["rmh"] = {"Murkim"}, ["rmi"] = {"Lomavren"}, ["rmk"] = {"Romkun"}, ["rml"] = {"Baltic Romani"}, ["rmm"] = {"Roma"}, ["rmn"] = {"Balkan Romani"}, ["rmo"] = {"Sinte Romani"}, ["rmp"] = {"Rempi"}, ["rmq"] = {"Caló"}, ["rms"] = {"Basa Isarat Romania"}, ["rmt"] = {"Domari"}, ["rmu"] = {"Tavringer Romani"}, ["rmv"] = {"Romanova"}, ["rmw"] = {"Welsh Romani"}, ["rmx"] = {"Romam"}, ["rmy"] = {"Vlax Romani"}, ["rmz"] = {"Marma"}, ["rnb"] = {"Basa Isarat Brunca"}, ["rnd"] = {"Ruund"}, ["rng"] = {"Ronga"}, ["rnl"] = {"Ranglong"}, ["rnn"] = {"Roon"}, ["rnp"] = {"Rongpo"}, ["rnr"] = {"Nari Nari"}, ["rnw"] = {"Rungwa"}, ["roa"] = {"Rungkun basa Roman"}, ["rob"] = {"Tae'"}, ["roc"] = {"Cacgia Roglai"}, ["rod"] = {"Rogo"}, ["roe"] = {"Ronji"}, ["rof"] = {"Rombo"}, ["rog"] = {"Northern Roglai"}, ["rol"] = {"Romblomanon"}, ["rom"] = {"Romany"}, ["roo"] = {"Rotokas"}, ["rop"] = {"Kriol"}, ["ror"] = {"Rongga"}, ["rou"] = {"Runga"}, ["row"] = {"Dela-Oenale"}, ["rpn"] = {"Repanbitip"}, ["rpt"] = {"Rapting"}, ["rri"] = {"Ririo"}, ["rrm"] = {"Moriori"}, ["rro"] = {"Waima"}, ["rrt"] = {"Arritinngithigh"}, ["rsb"] = {"Romano-Sérbia"}, ["rsk"] = {"Ruthenian", "Basa Rusnak"}, ["rsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Rusia"}, ["rsm"] = {"Basa Isarat Miriwoong"}, ["rsn"] = {"Basa Isarat Rwanda"}, ["rsw"] = {"Rishiwa"}, ["rtc"] = {"Rungtu Chin"}, ["rth"] = {"Ratahan"}, ["rtm"] = {"Rotuman"}, ["rts"] = {"Yurats"}, ["rtw"] = {"Rathawi"}, ["rub"] = {"Gungu"}, ["ruc"] = {"Ruuli"}, ["rue"] = {"Rusyn"}, ["ruf"] = {"Luguru"}, ["rug"] = {"Roviana"}, ["ruh"] = {"Ruga"}, ["rui"] = {"Rufiji"}, ["ruk"] = {"Che"}, ["ruo"] = {"Istro Romanian"}, ["rup"] = {"Makédo-Romania", "Basa Aromania", "Basa Arumania"}, ["ruq"] = {"Megleno Romanian"}, ["rut"] = {"Rutul"}, ["ruu"] = {"Lanas Lobu"}, ["ruy"] = {"Mala (Nigéria)"}, ["ruz"] = {"Ruma"}, ["rwa"] = {"Rawo"}, ["rwk"] = {"Rwa"}, ["rwl"] = {"Ruwila"}, ["rwm"] = {"Amba (Uganda)"}, ["rwo"] = {"Rawa"}, ["rwr"] = {"Marwari (India)"}, ["rxd"] = {"Ngardi"}, ["rxw"] = {"Karuwali", "Garuwali"}, ["ryn"] = {"Northern Amami-Oshima"}, ["rys"] = {"Yaeyama"}, ["ryu"] = {"Central Okinawan"}, ["rzh"] = {"Rāziḥī"}, ["saa"] = {"Saba"}, ["sab"] = {"Buglere"}, ["sac"] = {"Meskwaki"}, ["sad"] = {"Sandawe"}, ["sae"] = {"Sabanê"}, ["saf"] = {"Safaliba"}, ["sah"] = {"Yakut"}, ["sai"] = {"Rungkun basa Indian Amérika Kidul"}, ["saj"] = {"Sahu"}, ["sak"] = {"Sake"}, ["sal"] = {"Rungkun basa Salishan"}, ["sam"] = {"Samaritan Aramaic"}, ["sao"] = {"Sause"}, ["saq"] = {"Samburu"}, ["sar"] = {"Saraveca"}, ["sas"] = {"Sasak"}, ["sat"] = {"Santali"}, ["sau"] = {"Saleman"}, ["sav"] = {"Saafi-Saafi"}, ["saw"] = {"Sawi"}, ["sax"] = {"Sa"}, ["say"] = {"Saya"}, ["saz"] = {"Saurashtra"}, ["sba"] = {"Ngambay"}, ["sbb"] = {"Simbo"}, ["sbc"] = {"Kele (Papua Nugini)"}, ["sbd"] = {"Southern Samo"}, ["sbe"] = {"Saliba"}, ["sbf"] = {"Chabu", "Shabo"}, ["sbg"] = {"Seget"}, ["sbh"] = {"Sori-Harengan"}, ["sbi"] = {"Seti"}, ["sbj"] = {"Surbakhal"}, ["sbk"] = {"Safwa"}, ["sbl"] = {"Botolan Sambal"}, ["sbm"] = {"Sagala"}, ["sbn"] = {"Sindhi Bhil"}, ["sbo"] = {"Sabüm"}, ["sbp"] = {"Sangu (Tanzania)"}, ["sbq"] = {"Sileibi"}, ["sbr"] = {"Sembakung Murut"}, ["sbs"] = {"Subiya"}, ["sbt"] = {"Kimki"}, ["sbu"] = {"Stod Bhoti"}, ["sbv"] = {"Sabine"}, ["sbw"] = {"Simba"}, ["sbx"] = {"Seberuang"}, ["sby"] = {"Soli"}, ["sbz"] = {"Sara Kaba"}, ["scb"] = {"Chut"}, ["sce"] = {"Dongxiang"}, ["scf"] = {"San Miguel Creole French"}, ["scg"] = {"Sanggau"}, ["sch"] = {"Sakachep"}, ["sci"] = {"Sri Lankan Creole Malay"}, ["sck"] = {"Sadri"}, ["scl"] = {"Shina"}, ["scn"] = {"Sicilian"}, ["sco"] = {"Scots"}, ["scp"] = {"Hyolmo", "Helambu Sherpa"}, ["scq"] = {"Sa'och"}, ["scs"] = {"North Slavey"}, ["sct"] = {"Southern Katang"}, ["scu"] = {"Shumcho"}, ["scv"] = {"Sheni"}, ["scw"] = {"Sha"}, ["scx"] = {"Sicel"}, ["scz"] = {"Shaetlan"}, ["sda"] = {"Toraja-Sa'dan"}, ["sdb"] = {"Shabak"}, ["sdc"] = {"Sassarese Sardinian"}, ["sde"] = {"Surubu"}, ["sdf"] = {"Sarli"}, ["sdg"] = {"Savi"}, ["sdh"] = {"Kurdi Kidul"}, ["sdj"] = {"Suundi"}, ["sdk"] = {"Sos Kundi"}, ["sdl"] = {"Basa Isarat Arab Saudi"}, ["sdn"] = {"Gallurese Sardinian"}, ["sdo"] = {"Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh"}, ["sdp"] = {"Sherdukpen"}, ["sdq"] = {"Semandang"}, ["sdr"] = {"Oraon Sadri"}, ["sds"] = {"Sened"}, ["sdt"] = {"Shuadit"}, ["sdu"] = {"Sarudu"}, ["sdv"] = {"Rungkun basa Sudan Wétan"}, ["sdx"] = {"Sibu Melanau"}, ["sdz"] = {"Sallands"}, ["sea"] = {"Semai"}, ["seb"] = {"Shempire Senoufo"}, ["sec"] = {"Sechelt", "She shashishalhem"}, ["sed"] = {"Sedang"}, ["see"] = {"Seneca"}, ["sef"] = {"Cebaara Senoufo"}, ["seg"] = {"Segeju"}, ["seh"] = {"Sena"}, ["sei"] = {"Seri"}, ["sej"] = {"Sene"}, ["sek"] = {"Sekani"}, ["sel"] = {"Selkup"}, ["sem"] = {"Rungkun basa Semit"}, ["sen"] = {"Nanerigé Sénoufo"}, ["seo"] = {"Suarmin"}, ["sep"] = {"Sìcìté Sénoufo"}, ["seq"] = {"Senara Sénoufo"}, ["ser"] = {"Serrano"}, ["ses"] = {"Koyraboro Senni Songhai"}, ["set"] = {"Sentani"}, ["seu"] = {"Serui-Laut"}, ["sev"] = {"Nyarafolo Senoufo"}, ["sew"] = {"Sewa Bay"}, ["sey"] = {"Secoya"}, ["sez"] = {"Senthang Chin"}, ["sfb"] = {"Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone", "Basa Isarat Prancis Bélgia"}, ["sfe"] = {"Eastern Subanen"}, ["sfm"] = {"Small Flowery Miao"}, ["sfs"] = {"Basa Isarat Afrika Kidul"}, ["sfw"] = {"Sehwi"}, ["sga"] = {"Old Irish (to 900)"}, ["sgb"] = {"Mag-antsi Ayta"}, ["sgc"] = {"Kipsigis"}, ["sgd"] = {"Surigaonon"}, ["sge"] = {"Segai"}, ["sgg"] = {"Basa Isarat Suis Jérman"}, ["sgh"] = {"Shughni"}, ["sgi"] = {"Suga"}, ["sgj"] = {"Surgujia"}, ["sgk"] = {"Sangkong"}, ["sgm"] = {"Singa"}, ["sgn"] = {"Basa Isarat"}, ["sgp"] = {"Singpho"}, ["sgr"] = {"Sangisari"}, ["sgs"] = {"Samogitian"}, ["sgt"] = {"Brokpake"}, ["sgu"] = {"Salas"}, ["sgw"] = {"Sebat Bet Gurage"}, ["sgx"] = {"Basa Isarat Sierra Leone"}, ["sgy"] = {"Sanglechi"}, ["sgz"] = {"Sursurunga"}, ["sha"] = {"Shall-Zwall"}, ["shb"] = {"Ninam"}, ["shc"] = {"Sonde"}, ["shd"] = {"Kundal Shahi"}, ["she"] = {"Sheko"}, ["shg"] = {"Shua"}, ["shh"] = {"Shoshoni"}, ["shi"] = {"Tachelhit"}, ["shj"] = {"Shatt"}, ["shk"] = {"Shilluk"}, ["shl"] = {"Shendu"}, ["shm"] = {"Shahrudi"}, ["shn"] = {"Shan"}, ["sho"] = {"Shanga"}, ["shp"] = {"Shipibo-Conibo"}, ["shq"] = {"Sala"}, ["shr"] = {"Shi"}, ["shs"] = {"Shuswap", "Secwepemctsín"}, ["sht"] = {"Shasta"}, ["shu"] = {"Aran Chad"}, ["shv"] = {"Shehri"}, ["shw"] = {"Shwai"}, ["shx"] = {"She"}, ["shy"] = {"Tachawit"}, ["shz"] = {"Syenara Senoufo"}, ["sia"] = {"Akkala Sami"}, ["sib"] = {"Sebop"}, ["sid"] = {"Sidamo"}, ["sie"] = {"Simaa"}, ["sif"] = {"Siamou"}, ["sig"] = {"Paasaal"}, ["sih"] = {"Zire", "Sîshëë"}, ["sii"] = {"Shom Peng"}, ["sij"] = {"Numbami"}, ["sik"] = {"Sikiana"}, ["sil"] = {"Tumulung Sisaala"}, ["sim"] = {"Mende (Papua Nugini)"}, ["sio"] = {"Rungkun basa Siouan"}, ["sip"] = {"Sikkim"}, ["siq"] = {"Sonia"}, ["sir"] = {"Siri"}, ["sis"] = {"Siuslaw"}, ["sit"] = {"Rungkun basa Sino-Tibét"}, ["siu"] = {"Sinagen"}, ["siv"] = {"Sumariup"}, ["siw"] = {"Siwai"}, ["six"] = {"Sumau"}, ["siy"] = {"Sivandi"}, ["siz"] = {"Siwi"}, ["sja"] = {"Epena"}, ["sjb"] = {"Sajau Basap"}, ["sjc"] = {"Shaojiang Chinese"}, ["sjd"] = {"Kildin Sami"}, ["sje"] = {"Pite Sami"}, ["sjg"] = {"Assangori"}, ["sjk"] = {"Kemi Sami"}, ["sjl"] = {"Sajalong", "Miji"}, ["sjm"] = {"Mapun"}, ["sjn"] = {"Sindarin"}, ["sjo"] = {"Xibe"}, ["sjp"] = {"Surjapuri"}, ["sjr"] = {"Siar-Lak"}, ["sjs"] = {"Senhaja De Srair"}, ["sjt"] = {"Ter Sami"}, ["sju"] = {"Ume Sami"}, ["sjw"] = {"Shawnee"}, ["ska"] = {"Skagit"}, ["skb"] = {"Saek"}, ["skc"] = {"Ma Manda"}, ["skd"] = {"Southern Sierra Miwok"}, ["ske"] = {"Seke (Vanuatu)"}, ["skf"] = {"Sakirabiá"}, ["skg"] = {"Sakalava Malagasy"}, ["skh"] = {"Sikule"}, ["ski"] = {"Sika"}, ["skj"] = {"Seke (Nepal)"}, ["skm"] = {"Kutong"}, ["skn"] = {"Kolibugan Subanon"}, ["sko"] = {"Seko Tengah"}, ["skp"] = {"Sekapan"}, ["skq"] = {"Sininkere"}, ["skr"] = {"Saraiki", "Seraiki"}, ["sks"] = {"Maia"}, ["skt"] = {"Sakata"}, ["sku"] = {"Sakao"}, ["skv"] = {"Skou"}, ["skw"] = {"Skepi Creole Dutch"}, ["skx"] = {"Seko Padang"}, ["sky"] = {"Sikaiana"}, ["skz"] = {"Sekar"}, ["sla"] = {"Rungkun basa Slavia"}, ["slc"] = {"Sáliba"}, ["sld"] = {"Sissala"}, ["sle"] = {"Sholaga"}, ["slf"] = {"Basa Isarat Suis Italia"}, ["slg"] = {"Selungai Murut"}, ["slh"] = {"Southern Puget Sound Salish"}, ["sli"] = {"Lower Silesian"}, ["slj"] = {"Salumá"}, ["sll"] = {"Salt-Yui"}, ["slm"] = {"Pangutaran Sama"}, ["sln"] = {"Salinan"}, ["slp"] = {"Lamaholot"}, ["slr"] = {"Salar"}, ["sls"] = {"Basa Isarat Singapura"}, ["slt"] = {"Sila"}, ["slu"] = {"Selaru"}, ["slw"] = {"Sialum"}, ["slx"] = {"Salampasu"}, ["sly"] = {"Selayar"}, ["slz"] = {"Ma'ya"}, ["sma"] = {"Southern Sami"}, ["smb"] = {"Simbari"}, ["smc"] = {"Som"}, ["smf"] = {"Auwe"}, ["smg"] = {"Simbali"}, ["smh"] = {"Samei"}, ["smi"] = {"Rungkun basa Sami"}, ["smj"] = {"Lule Sami"}, ["smk"] = {"Bolinao"}, ["sml"] = {"Central Sama"}, ["smm"] = {"Musasa"}, ["smn"] = {"Inari Sami"}, ["smp"] = {"Samaritan"}, ["smq"] = {"Samo"}, ["smr"] = {"Simeulue"}, ["sms"] = {"Skolt Sami"}, ["smt"] = {"Simte"}, ["smu"] = {"Somray"}, ["smv"] = {"Samvedi"}, ["smw"] = {"Sumbawa"}, ["smx"] = {"Samba"}, ["smy"] = {"Semnani"}, ["smz"] = {"Simeku"}, ["snc"] = {"Sinaugoro"}, ["sne"] = {"Bau Bidayuh"}, ["snf"] = {"Noon"}, ["sng"] = {"Sanga (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["sni"] = {"Sensi"}, ["snj"] = {"Riverain Sango"}, ["snk"] = {"Soninke"}, ["snl"] = {"Sangil"}, ["snm"] = {"Southern Ma'di"}, ["snn"] = {"Siona"}, ["sno"] = {"Snohomish"}, ["snp"] = {"Siane"}, ["snq"] = {"Sangu (Gabon)"}, ["snr"] = {"Sihan"}, ["sns"] = {"South West Bay", "Nahavaq"}, ["snu"] = {"Senggi", "Viid"}, ["snv"] = {"Sa'ban"}, ["snw"] = {"Selee"}, ["snx"] = {"Sam"}, ["sny"] = {"Saniyo-Hiyewe"}, ["snz"] = {"Kou"}, ["soa"] = {"Thai Song"}, ["sob"] = {"Sobei"}, ["soc"] = {"So (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["sod"] = {"Songoora"}, ["soe"] = {"Songomeno"}, ["sog"] = {"Sogdian"}, ["soh"] = {"Aka"}, ["soi"] = {"Sonha"}, ["soj"] = {"Soi"}, ["sok"] = {"Sokoro"}, ["sol"] = {"Solos"}, ["son"] = {"Rungkun basa Songhai"}, ["soo"] = {"Songo"}, ["sop"] = {"Songe"}, ["soq"] = {"Kanasi"}, ["sor"] = {"Somrai"}, ["sos"] = {"Seeku"}, ["sou"] = {"Southern Thai"}, ["sov"] = {"Sonsorol"}, ["sow"] = {"Sowanda"}, ["sox"] = {"Swo"}, ["soy"] = {"Miyobe"}, ["soz"] = {"Temi"}, ["spb"] = {"Sepa (Indonésia)"}, ["spc"] = {"Sapé"}, ["spd"] = {"Saep"}, ["spe"] = {"Sepa (Papua Nugini)"}, ["spg"] = {"Sian"}, ["spi"] = {"Saponi"}, ["spk"] = {"Sengo"}, ["spl"] = {"Selepet"}, ["spm"] = {"Akukem"}, ["spn"] = {"Sanapaná"}, ["spo"] = {"Spokane"}, ["spp"] = {"Supyire Senoufo"}, ["spq"] = {"Loreto-Ucayali Spanish"}, ["spr"] = {"Saparua"}, ["sps"] = {"Saposa"}, ["spt"] = {"Spiti Bhoti"}, ["spu"] = {"Sapuan"}, ["spv"] = {"Sambalpuri", "Kosli"}, ["spx"] = {"South Picene"}, ["spy"] = {"Sabaot"}, ["sqa"] = {"Shama-Sambuga"}, ["sqh"] = {"Shau"}, ["sqj"] = {"Albania"}, ["sqk"] = {"Basa Isarat Albania"}, ["sqm"] = {"Suma"}, ["sqn"] = {"Susquehannock"}, ["sqo"] = {"Sorkhei"}, ["sqq"] = {"Sou"}, ["sqr"] = {"Arab Sisilia"}, ["sqs"] = {"Basa Isarat Sri Lanka"}, ["sqt"] = {"Soqotri"}, ["squ"] = {"Squamish", "Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim"}, ["sqx"] = {"Basa Isarat Kufr Qassem"}, ["sra"] = {"Saruga"}, ["srb"] = {"Sora"}, ["src"] = {"Logudorese Sardinian"}, ["sre"] = {"Sara"}, ["srf"] = {"Nafi"}, ["srg"] = {"Sulod"}, ["srh"] = {"Sarikoli"}, ["sri"] = {"Siriano"}, ["srk"] = {"Serudung Murut"}, ["srl"] = {"Isirawa"}, ["srm"] = {"Saramaccan"}, ["srn"] = {"Sranan Tongo"}, ["sro"] = {"Campidanese Sardinian"}, ["srq"] = {"Sirionó"}, ["srr"] = {"Serer"}, ["srs"] = {"Tsuut'ina", "Sarsi"}, ["srt"] = {"Sauri"}, ["sru"] = {"Suruí"}, ["srv"] = {"Southern Sorsoganon"}, ["srw"] = {"Serua"}, ["srx"] = {"Sirmauri"}, ["sry"] = {"Sera"}, ["srz"] = {"Shahmirzadi"}, ["ssa"] = {"Rungkun basa Nilo-Sahara"}, ["ssb"] = {"Southern Sama"}, ["ssc"] = {"Suba-Simbiti"}, ["ssd"] = {"Siroi"}, ["sse"] = {"Balangingi", "Bangingih Sama"}, ["ssf"] = {"Thao"}, ["ssg"] = {"Seimat"}, ["ssh"] = {"Arab Syihuh"}, ["ssi"] = {"Sansi"}, ["ssj"] = {"Sausi"}, ["ssk"] = {"Sunam"}, ["ssl"] = {"Sisaala Kulon"}, ["ssm"] = {"Semnam"}, ["ssn"] = {"Waata"}, ["sso"] = {"Sissano"}, ["ssp"] = {"Basa Isarat Spanyol"}, ["ssq"] = {"So'a"}, ["ssr"] = {"Basa Isarat Suis Prancis"}, ["sss"] = {"Sô"}, ["sst"] = {"Sinasina"}, ["ssu"] = {"Susuami"}, ["ssv"] = {"Shark Bay"}, ["ssx"] = {"Samberigi"}, ["ssy"] = {"Saho"}, ["ssz"] = {"Sengseng"}, ["sta"] = {"Settla"}, ["stb"] = {"Northern Subanen"}, ["std"] = {"Sentinel"}, ["ste"] = {"Liana-Seti"}, ["stf"] = {"Seta"}, ["stg"] = {"Trieng"}, ["sth"] = {"Shelta"}, ["sti"] = {"Bulo Stieng"}, ["stj"] = {"Matya Samo"}, ["stk"] = {"Arammba"}, ["stl"] = {"Stellingwerfs"}, ["stm"] = {"Setaman"}, ["stn"] = {"Owa"}, ["sto"] = {"Stoney"}, ["stp"] = {"Southeastern Tepehuan"}, ["stq"] = {"Saterfriesisch"}, ["str"] = {"Straits Salish"}, ["sts"] = {"Shumashti"}, ["stt"] = {"Budeh Stieng"}, ["stu"] = {"Samtao"}, ["stv"] = {"Silt'e"}, ["stw"] = {"Satawalese"}, ["sty"] = {"Siberian Tatar"}, ["sua"] = {"Sulka"}, ["sub"] = {"Suku"}, ["suc"] = {"Western Subanon"}, ["sue"] = {"Suena"}, ["sug"] = {"Suganga"}, ["sui"] = {"Suki"}, ["suj"] = {"Shubi"}, ["suk"] = {"Sukuma"}, ["suo"] = {"Bouni"}, ["suq"] = {"Tirmaga-Chai Suri", "Suri"}, ["sur"] = {"Mwaghavul"}, ["sus"] = {"Susu"}, ["sut"] = {"Subtiaba"}, ["suv"] = {"Puroik"}, ["suw"] = {"Sumbwa"}, ["sux"] = {"Sumerian"}, ["suy"] = {"Suyá"}, ["suz"] = {"Sunwar"}, ["sva"] = {"Svan"}, ["svb"] = {"Ulau-Suain"}, ["svc"] = {"Vincentian Creole English"}, ["sve"] = {"Serili"}, ["svk"] = {"Basa Isarat Slovakia"}, ["svm"] = {"Slavomolisano"}, ["svs"] = {"Savosavo"}, ["svx"] = {"Skalvian"}, ["swb"] = {"Maore Comorian"}, ["swc"] = {"Congo Swahili"}, ["swf"] = {"Sere"}, ["swg"] = {"Swabian"}, ["swh"] = {"Swahili (individual language)", "Kiswahili"}, ["swi"] = {"Sui"}, ["swj"] = {"Sira"}, ["swk"] = {"Malawi Sena"}, ["swl"] = {"Basa Isarat Swédia"}, ["swm"] = {"Samosa"}, ["swn"] = {"Sawknah"}, ["swo"] = {"Shanenawa"}, ["swp"] = {"Suau"}, ["swq"] = {"Sharwa"}, ["swr"] = {"Saweru"}, ["sws"] = {"Seluwasan"}, ["swt"] = {"Sawila"}, ["swu"] = {"Suwawa"}, ["swv"] = {"Shekhawati"}, ["sww"] = {"Sowa"}, ["swx"] = {"Suruahá"}, ["swy"] = {"Sarua"}, ["sxb"] = {"Suba"}, ["sxc"] = {"Sicanian"}, ["sxe"] = {"Sighu"}, ["sxg"] = {"Shuhi", "Shixing"}, ["sxk"] = {"Southern Kalapuya"}, ["sxl"] = {"Selian"}, ["sxm"] = {"Samre"}, ["sxn"] = {"Sangir"}, ["sxo"] = {"Sorothaptic"}, ["sxr"] = {"Saaroa"}, ["sxs"] = {"Sasaru"}, ["sxu"] = {"Upper Saxon"}, ["sxw"] = {"Saxwe Gbe"}, ["sya"] = {"Siang"}, ["syb"] = {"Central Subanen"}, ["syc"] = {"Classical Syriac"}, ["syd"] = {"Rungkun basa Samoyed"}, ["syi"] = {"Seki"}, ["syk"] = {"Sukur"}, ["syl"] = {"Sylheti"}, ["sym"] = {"Maya Samo"}, ["syn"] = {"Senaya"}, ["syo"] = {"Suoy"}, ["syr"] = {"Syriac"}, ["sys"] = {"Sinyar"}, ["syw"] = {"Kagate"}, ["syx"] = {"Samay"}, ["syy"] = {"Basa Isarat Al-Sayyid Bedouin"}, ["sza"] = {"Semelai"}, ["szb"] = {"Ngalum"}, ["szc"] = {"Semaq Beri"}, ["sze"] = {"Seze"}, ["szg"] = {"Sengele"}, ["szl"] = {"Silesian"}, ["szn"] = {"Sula"}, ["szp"] = {"Suabo"}, ["szs"] = {"Basa Isarat Kapuloan Solomon"}, ["szv"] = {"Isubu", "Isu (Fako Division)"}, ["szw"] = {"Sawai"}, ["szy"] = {"Sakizaya"}, ["taa"] = {"Lower Tanana"}, ["tab"] = {"Tabassaran"}, ["tac"] = {"Lowland Tarahumara"}, ["tad"] = {"Tause"}, ["tae"] = {"Tariana"}, ["taf"] = {"Tapirapé"}, ["tag"] = {"Tagoi"}, ["tai"] = {"Rungkun basa Tai"}, ["taj"] = {"Eastern Tamang"}, ["tak"] = {"Tala"}, ["tal"] = {"Tal"}, ["tan"] = {"Tangale"}, ["tao"] = {"Yami"}, ["tap"] = {"Taabwa"}, ["taq"] = {"Tamasheq"}, ["tar"] = {"Central Tarahumara"}, ["tas"] = {"Tay Boi"}, ["tau"] = {"Upper Tanana"}, ["tav"] = {"Tatuyo"}, ["taw"] = {"Tai"}, ["tax"] = {"Tamki"}, ["tay"] = {"Atayal"}, ["taz"] = {"Tocho"}, ["tba"] = {"Aikanã"}, ["tbc"] = {"Takia"}, ["tbd"] = {"Kaki Ae"}, ["tbe"] = {"Tanimbili"}, ["tbf"] = {"Mandara"}, ["tbg"] = {"North Tairora"}, ["tbh"] = {"Dharawal", "Thurawal"}, ["tbi"] = {"Gaam"}, ["tbj"] = {"Tiang"}, ["tbk"] = {"Calamian Tagbanwa"}, ["tbl"] = {"Tboli"}, ["tbm"] = {"Tagbu"}, ["tbn"] = {"Barro Negro Tunebo"}, ["tbo"] = {"Tawala"}, ["tbp"] = {"Taworta", "Diebroud"}, ["tbq"] = {"Rungkun basa Tibeto-Burma"}, ["tbr"] = {"Tumtum"}, ["tbs"] = {"Tanguat"}, ["tbt"] = {"Tembo (Kitembo)"}, ["tbu"] = {"Tubar"}, ["tbv"] = {"Tobo"}, ["tbw"] = {"Tagbanwa"}, ["tbx"] = {"Kapin"}, ["tby"] = {"Tabaru"}, ["tbz"] = {"Ditammari"}, ["tca"] = {"Ticuna"}, ["tcb"] = {"Tanacross"}, ["tcc"] = {"Datooga"}, ["tcd"] = {"Tafi"}, ["tce"] = {"Southern Tutchone"}, ["tcf"] = {"Malinaltepec Me'phaa", "Malinaltepec Tlapanec"}, ["tcg"] = {"Tamagario"}, ["tch"] = {"Turks And Caicos Creole English"}, ["tci"] = {"Wára"}, ["tck"] = {"Tchitchege"}, ["tcl"] = {"Taman (Myanmar)"}, ["tcm"] = {"Tanahmerah"}, ["tcn"] = {"Tichurong"}, ["tco"] = {"Taungyo"}, ["tcp"] = {"Tawr Chin"}, ["tcq"] = {"Kaiy"}, ["tcs"] = {"Torres Strait Creole", "Yumplatok"}, ["tct"] = {"T'en"}, ["tcu"] = {"Southeastern Tarahumara"}, ["tcw"] = {"Tecpatlán Totonac"}, ["tcx"] = {"Toda"}, ["tcy"] = {"Tulu"}, ["tcz"] = {"Thado Chin"}, ["tda"] = {"Tagdal"}, ["tdb"] = {"Panchpargania"}, ["tdc"] = {"Emberá-Tadó"}, ["tdd"] = {"Tai Nüa"}, ["tde"] = {"Tiranige Diga Dogon"}, ["tdf"] = {"Talieng"}, ["tdg"] = {"Western Tamang"}, ["tdh"] = {"Thulung"}, ["tdi"] = {"Tomadino"}, ["tdj"] = {"Tajio"}, ["tdk"] = {"Tambas"}, ["tdl"] = {"Sur"}, ["tdm"] = {"Taruma"}, ["tdn"] = {"Tondano"}, ["tdo"] = {"Teme"}, ["tdq"] = {"Tita"}, ["tdr"] = {"Todrah"}, ["tds"] = {"Doutai"}, ["tdt"] = {"Tetun Dili"}, ["tdv"] = {"Toro"}, ["tdx"] = {"Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy"}, ["tdy"] = {"Tadyawan"}, ["tea"] = {"Temiar"}, ["teb"] = {"Tetete"}, ["tec"] = {"Terik"}, ["ted"] = {"Tepo Krumen"}, ["tee"] = {"Huehuetla Tepehua"}, ["tef"] = {"Teressa"}, ["teg"] = {"Teke-Tege"}, ["teh"] = {"Tehuelche"}, ["tei"] = {"Torricelli"}, ["tek"] = {"Ibali Teke"}, ["tem"] = {"Timne"}, ["ten"] = {"Tama (Colombia)"}, ["teo"] = {"Teso"}, ["tep"] = {"Tepecano"}, ["teq"] = {"Temein"}, ["ter"] = {"Tereno"}, ["tes"] = {"Tengger"}, ["tet"] = {"Tetum"}, ["teu"] = {"Soo"}, ["tev"] = {"Teor"}, ["tew"] = {"Tewa (USA)"}, ["tex"] = {"Tennet"}, ["tey"] = {"Tulishi"}, ["tez"] = {"Tetserret"}, ["tfi"] = {"Tofin Gbe"}, ["tfn"] = {"Tanaina"}, ["tfo"] = {"Tefaro"}, ["tfr"] = {"Teribe"}, ["tft"] = {"Ternate"}, ["tga"] = {"Sagalla"}, ["tgb"] = {"Tobilung"}, ["tgc"] = {"Tigak"}, ["tgd"] = {"Ciwogai"}, ["tge"] = {"Eastern Gorkha Tamang"}, ["tgf"] = {"Chalikha"}, ["tgh"] = {"Tobagonian Creole English"}, ["tgi"] = {"Lawunuia"}, ["tgj"] = {"Tagin"}, ["tgn"] = {"Tandaganon"}, ["tgo"] = {"Sudest"}, ["tgp"] = {"Tangoa"}, ["tgq"] = {"Tring"}, ["tgr"] = {"Tareng"}, ["tgs"] = {"Nume"}, ["tgt"] = {"Central Tagbanwa"}, ["tgu"] = {"Tanggu"}, ["tgv"] = {"Tingui-Boto"}, ["tgw"] = {"Tagwana Senoufo"}, ["tgx"] = {"Tagish"}, ["tgy"] = {"Togoyo"}, ["tgz"] = {"Tagalaka"}, ["thd"] = {"Kuuk Thaayorre", "Thayore"}, ["the"] = {"Chitwania Tharu"}, ["thf"] = {"Thangmi"}, ["thh"] = {"Northern Tarahumara"}, ["thi"] = {"Tai Long"}, ["thk"] = {"Tharaka", "Kitharaka"}, ["thl"] = {"Dangaura Tharu"}, ["thm"] = {"Aheu"}, ["thn"] = {"Thachanadan"}, ["thp"] = {"Thompson", "Nłeʔkepmxcín", "Thompson River Salish"}, ["thq"] = {"Kochila Tharu"}, ["thr"] = {"Rana Tharu"}, ["ths"] = {"Thakali"}, ["tht"] = {"Tahltan", "Tāłtān"}, ["thu"] = {"Thuri"}, ["thv"] = {"Tahaggart Tamahaq"}, ["thy"] = {"Tha"}, ["thz"] = {"Tayart Tamajeq"}, ["tia"] = {"Tidikelt Tamazight"}, ["tic"] = {"Tira"}, ["tif"] = {"Tifal"}, ["tig"] = {"Tigre"}, ["tih"] = {"Timugon Murut"}, ["tii"] = {"Tiene"}, ["tij"] = {"Tilung"}, ["tik"] = {"Tikar"}, ["til"] = {"Tillamook"}, ["tim"] = {"Timbe"}, ["tin"] = {"Tindi"}, ["tio"] = {"Teop"}, ["tip"] = {"Trimuris"}, ["tiq"] = {"Tiéfo"}, ["tis"] = {"Masadiit Itneg"}, ["tit"] = {"Tinigua"}, ["tiu"] = {"Adasen"}, ["tiv"] = {"Tiv"}, ["tiw"] = {"Tiwi"}, ["tix"] = {"Southern Tiwa"}, ["tiy"] = {"Tiruray"}, ["tiz"] = {"Tai Hongjin"}, ["tja"] = {"Tajuasohn"}, ["tjg"] = {"Tunjung"}, ["tji"] = {"Northern Tujia"}, ["tjj"] = {"Tjungundji"}, ["tjl"] = {"Tai Laing"}, ["tjm"] = {"Timucua"}, ["tjn"] = {"Tonjon"}, ["tjo"] = {"Temacine Tamazight"}, ["tjp"] = {"Tjupany"}, ["tjs"] = {"Southern Tujia"}, ["tju"] = {"Tjurruru"}, ["tjw"] = {"Djabwurrung"}, ["tka"] = {"Truká"}, ["tkb"] = {"Buksa"}, ["tkd"] = {"Tukudede"}, ["tke"] = {"Takwane"}, ["tkf"] = {"Tukumanféd"}, ["tkg"] = {"Tesaka Malagasy"}, ["tkl"] = {"Tokelau"}, ["tkm"] = {"Takelma"}, ["tkn"] = {"Toku-No-Shima"}, ["tkp"] = {"Tikopia"}, ["tkq"] = {"Tee"}, ["tkr"] = {"Tsakhur"}, ["tks"] = {"Takestani"}, ["tkt"] = {"Kathoriya Tharu"}, ["tku"] = {"Upper Necaxa Totonac"}, ["tkv"] = {"Mur Pano"}, ["tkw"] = {"Teanu"}, ["tkx"] = {"Tangko"}, ["tkz"] = {"Takua"}, ["tla"] = {"Southwestern Tepehuan"}, ["tlb"] = {"Tobelo"}, ["tlc"] = {"Yecuatla Totonac"}, ["tld"] = {"Talaud"}, ["tlf"] = {"Telefol"}, ["tlg"] = {"Tofanma"}, ["tlh"] = {"Klingon", "tlhIngan Hol"}, ["tli"] = {"Tlingit"}, ["tlj"] = {"Talinga-Bwisi"}, ["tlk"] = {"Taloki"}, ["tll"] = {"Tetela"}, ["tlm"] = {"Tolomako"}, ["tln"] = {"Talondo'"}, ["tlo"] = {"Talodi"}, ["tlp"] = {"Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac"}, ["tlq"] = {"Tai Loi"}, ["tlr"] = {"Talise"}, ["tls"] = {"Tambotalo"}, ["tlt"] = {"Sou Nama", "Teluti"}, ["tlu"] = {"Tulehu"}, ["tlv"] = {"Taliabu"}, ["tlx"] = {"Khehek"}, ["tly"] = {"Talysh"}, ["tma"] = {"Tama (Chad)"}, ["tmb"] = {"Katbol", "Avava"}, ["tmc"] = {"Tumak"}, ["tmd"] = {"Haruai"}, ["tme"] = {"Tremembé"}, ["tmf"] = {"Toba-Maskoy"}, ["tmg"] = {"Ternateño"}, ["tmh"] = {"Tamashek"}, ["tmi"] = {"Tutuba"}, ["tmj"] = {"Samarokena"}, ["tml"] = {"Tamnim Citak"}, ["tmm"] = {"Tai Thanh"}, ["tmn"] = {" Taman (Indonésia)"}, ["tmo"] = {"Temoq"}, ["tmq"] = {"Tumleo"}, ["tmr"] = {"Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (ca. 200-1200 CE)"}, ["tms"] = {"Tima"}, ["tmt"] = {"Tasmate"}, ["tmu"] = {"Iau"}, ["tmv"] = {"Tembo (Motembo)"}, ["tmw"] = {"Temuan"}, ["tmy"] = {"Tami"}, ["tmz"] = {"Tamanaku"}, ["tna"] = {"Tacana"}, ["tnb"] = {"Western Tunebo"}, ["tnc"] = {"Tanimuca-Retuarã"}, ["tnd"] = {"Angosturas Tunebo"}, ["tng"] = {"Tobanga"}, ["tnh"] = {"Maiani"}, ["tni"] = {"Tandia"}, ["tnk"] = {"Kwamera"}, ["tnl"] = {"Lenakel"}, ["tnm"] = {"Tabla"}, ["tnn"] = {"North Tanna"}, ["tno"] = {"Toromono"}, ["tnp"] = {"Whitesands"}, ["tnq"] = {"Taino"}, ["tnr"] = {"Ménik"}, ["tns"] = {"Tenis"}, ["tnt"] = {"Tontemboan"}, ["tnu"] = {"Tay Khang"}, ["tnv"] = {"Tangchangya"}, ["tnw"] = {"Tonsawang"}, ["tnx"] = {"Tanema"}, ["tny"] = {"Tongwe"}, ["tnz"] = {"Ten'edn"}, ["tob"] = {"Toba"}, ["toc"] = {"Coyutla Totonac"}, ["tod"] = {"Toma"}, ["tof"] = {"Gizrra"}, ["tog"] = {"Tonga (Nyasa)"}, ["toh"] = {"Gitonga"}, ["toi"] = {"Tonga (Zambia)"}, ["toj"] = {"Tojolabal"}, ["tok"] = {"Toki Pona"}, ["tol"] = {"Tolowa"}, ["tom"] = {"Tombulu"}, ["too"] = {"Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac"}, ["top"] = {"Papantla Totonac"}, ["toq"] = {"Toposa"}, ["tor"] = {"Togbo-Vara Banda"}, ["tos"] = {"Highland Totonac"}, ["tou"] = {"Tho"}, ["tov"] = {"Upper Taromi"}, ["tow"] = {"Jemez"}, ["tox"] = {"Tobian"}, ["toy"] = {"Topoiyo"}, ["toz"] = {"To"}, ["tpa"] = {"Taupota"}, ["tpc"] = {"Azoyú Me'phaa", "Azoyú Tlapanec"}, ["tpe"] = {"Tippera"}, ["tpf"] = {"Tarpia"}, ["tpg"] = {"Kula"}, ["tpi"] = {"Tok Pisin"}, ["tpj"] = {"Tapieté"}, ["tpk"] = {"Tupinikin"}, ["tpl"] = {"Tlacoapa Me'phaa", "Tlacoapa Tlapanec"}, ["tpm"] = {"Tampulma"}, ["tpn"] = {"Tupinambá"}, ["tpo"] = {"Tai Pao"}, ["tpp"] = {"Pisaflores Tepehua"}, ["tpq"] = {"Tukpa"}, ["tpr"] = {"Tuparí"}, ["tpt"] = {"Tlachichilco Tepehua"}, ["tpu"] = {"Tampuan"}, ["tpv"] = {"Tanapag"}, ["tpx"] = {"Acatepec Me'phaa", "Acatepec Tlapanec"}, ["tpy"] = {"Trumai"}, ["tpz"] = {"Tinputz"}, ["tqb"] = {"Tembé"}, ["tql"] = {"Lehali"}, ["tqm"] = {"Turumsa"}, ["tqn"] = {"Tenino"}, ["tqo"] = {"Toaripi"}, ["tqp"] = {"Tomoip"}, ["tqq"] = {"Tunni"}, ["tqr"] = {"Torona"}, ["tqt"] = {"Western Totonac"}, ["tqu"] = {"Touo"}, ["tqw"] = {"Tonkawa"}, ["tra"] = {"Tirahi"}, ["trb"] = {"Terebu"}, ["trc"] = {"Copala Triqui"}, ["trd"] = {"Turi"}, ["tre"] = {"East Tarangan"}, ["trf"] = {"Inggris Kréol Trinidad"}, ["trg"] = {"Lishán Didán"}, ["trh"] = {"Turaka"}, ["tri"] = {"Trió"}, ["trj"] = {"Toram"}, ["trk"] = {"Rungkun basa Turkik"}, ["trl"] = {"Traveller Scottish"}, ["trm"] = {"Tregami"}, ["trn"] = {"Trinitario"}, ["tro"] = {"Tarao Naga"}, ["trp"] = {"Kok Borok"}, ["trq"] = {"San Martín Itunyoso Triqui"}, ["trr"] = {"Taushiro"}, ["trs"] = {"Chicahuaxtla Triqui"}, ["trt"] = {"Tunggare"}, ["tru"] = {"Turoyo", "Surayt"}, ["trv"] = {"Sediq", "Seediq", "Taroko"}, ["trw"] = {"Torwali"}, ["trx"] = {"Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh"}, ["try"] = {"Turung"}, ["trz"] = {"Torá"}, ["tsa"] = {"Tsaangi"}, ["tsb"] = {"Tsamai"}, ["tsc"] = {"Tswa"}, ["tsd"] = {"Tsakonian"}, ["tse"] = {"Basa Isarat Tunisia"}, ["tsg"] = {"Tausug"}, ["tsh"] = {"Tsuvan"}, ["tsi"] = {"Tsimshian"}, ["tsj"] = {"Tshangla"}, ["tsk"] = {"Tseku"}, ["tsl"] = {"Ts'ün-Lao"}, ["tsm"] = {"Basa Isarat Turki", "Türk İşaret Dili"}, ["tsp"] = {"Northern Toussian"}, ["tsq"] = {"Basa Isarat Thailand"}, ["tsr"] = {"Akei"}, ["tss"] = {"Basa Isarat Taiwan"}, ["tst"] = {"Tondi Songway Kiini"}, ["tsu"] = {"Tsou"}, ["tsv"] = {"Tsogo"}, ["tsw"] = {"Tsishingini"}, ["tsx"] = {"Mubami"}, ["tsy"] = {"Basa Isarat Tebul"}, ["tsz"] = {"Purepecha"}, ["tta"] = {"Tutelo"}, ["ttb"] = {"Gaa"}, ["ttc"] = {"Tektiteko"}, ["ttd"] = {"Tauade"}, ["tte"] = {"Bwanabwana"}, ["ttf"] = {"Tuotomb"}, ["ttg"] = {"Tutong"}, ["tth"] = {"Upper Ta'oih"}, ["tti"] = {"Tobati"}, ["ttj"] = {"Tooro"}, ["ttk"] = {"Totoro"}, ["ttl"] = {"Totela"}, ["ttm"] = {"Northern Tutchone"}, ["ttn"] = {"Towei"}, ["tto"] = {"Lower Ta'oih"}, ["ttp"] = {"Tombelala"}, ["ttq"] = {"Tawallammat Tamajaq"}, ["ttr"] = {"Tera"}, ["tts"] = {"Northeastern Thai"}, ["ttt"] = {"Muslim Tat"}, ["ttu"] = {"Torau"}, ["ttv"] = {"Titan"}, ["ttw"] = {"Long Wat"}, ["tty"] = {"Sikaritai"}, ["ttz"] = {"Tsum"}, ["tua"] = {"Wiarumus"}, ["tub"] = {"Tübatulabal"}, ["tuc"] = {"Mutu"}, ["tud"] = {"Tuxá"}, ["tue"] = {"Tuyuca"}, ["tuf"] = {"Central Tunebo"}, ["tug"] = {"Tunia"}, ["tuh"] = {"Taulil"}, ["tui"] = {"Tupuri"}, ["tuj"] = {"Tugutil"}, ["tul"] = {"Tula"}, ["tum"] = {"Tumbuka"}, ["tun"] = {"Tunica"}, ["tuo"] = {"Tucano"}, ["tup"] = {"Rungkun basa Tupi"}, ["tuq"] = {"Tedaga"}, ["tus"] = {"Tuscarora"}, ["tut"] = {"Rungkun basa Altaik"}, ["tuu"] = {"Tututni"}, ["tuv"] = {"Turkana"}, ["tuw"] = {"Rungkun basa Tungus"}, ["tux"] = {"Tuxináwa"}, ["tuy"] = {"Tugen"}, ["tuz"] = {"Turka"}, ["tva"] = {"Vaghua"}, ["tvd"] = {"Tsuvadi"}, ["tve"] = {"Te'un"}, ["tvg"] = {"Tugunese", "Batavian Portuguese Creole", "Mardijker Creole"}, ["tvi"] = {"Tulai"}, ["tvk"] = {"Southeast Ambrym"}, ["tvl"] = {"Tuvalu"}, ["tvm"] = {"Tela-Masbuar"}, ["tvn"] = {"Tavoyan"}, ["tvo"] = {"Tidore"}, ["tvs"] = {"Taveta"}, ["tvt"] = {"Tutsa Naga"}, ["tvu"] = {"Tunen"}, ["tvw"] = {"Sedoa"}, ["tvx"] = {"Taivoan"}, ["tvy"] = {"Timor Pidgin"}, ["twa"] = {"Twana"}, ["twb"] = {"Western Tawbuid"}, ["twc"] = {"Teshenawa"}, ["twd"] = {"Twents"}, ["twe"] = {"Tewa (Indonésia)"}, ["twf"] = {"Northern Tiwa"}, ["twg"] = {"Tereweng"}, ["twh"] = {"Tai Dón"}, ["twl"] = {"Tawara"}, ["twm"] = {"Tawang Monpa"}, ["twn"] = {"Twendi"}, ["two"] = {"Tswapong"}, ["twp"] = {"Ere"}, ["twq"] = {"Tasawaq"}, ["twr"] = {"Southwestern Tarahumara"}, ["twt"] = {"Turiwára"}, ["twu"] = {"Termanu"}, ["tww"] = {"Tuwari"}, ["twx"] = {"Tewe"}, ["twy"] = {"Tawoyan"}, ["txa"] = {"Tombonuo"}, ["txb"] = {"Tokharian B"}, ["txc"] = {"Tsetsaut"}, ["txe"] = {"Totoli"}, ["txg"] = {"Tangut"}, ["txh"] = {"Thracian"}, ["txi"] = {"Ikpeng"}, ["txj"] = {"Tarjumo"}, ["txm"] = {"Tomini"}, ["txn"] = {"West Tarangan"}, ["txo"] = {"Toto"}, ["txq"] = {"Tii"}, ["txr"] = {"Tartessian"}, ["txs"] = {"Tonsea"}, ["txt"] = {"Citak"}, ["txu"] = {"Kayapó"}, ["txx"] = {"Tatana"}, ["txy"] = {"Tanosy Malagasy"}, ["tya"] = {"Tauya"}, ["tye"] = {"Kyanga"}, ["tyh"] = {"O'du"}, ["tyi"] = {"Teke-Tsaayi"}, ["tyj"] = {"Tai Do", "Tai Yo"}, ["tyl"] = {"Thu Lao"}, ["tyn"] = {"Kombai"}, ["typ"] = {"Thaypan"}, ["tyr"] = {"Tai Daeng"}, ["tys"] = {"Tày Sa Pa"}, ["tyt"] = {"Tày Tac"}, ["tyu"] = {"Kua"}, ["tyv"] = {"Tuvinian"}, ["tyx"] = {"Teke-Tyee"}, ["tyy"] = {"Tiyaa"}, ["tyz"] = {"Tày"}, ["tza"] = {"Basa Isarat Tanzania"}, ["tzh"] = {"Tzeltal"}, ["tzj"] = {"Tz'utujil"}, ["tzl"] = {"Talossan"}, ["tzm"] = {"Central Atlas Tamazight"}, ["tzn"] = {"Tugun"}, ["tzo"] = {"Tzotzil"}, ["tzx"] = {"Tabriak"}, ["uam"] = {"Uamué"}, ["uan"] = {"Kuan"}, ["uar"] = {"Tairuma"}, ["uba"] = {"Ubang"}, ["ubi"] = {"Ubi"}, ["ubl"] = {"Buhi'non Bikol"}, ["ubr"] = {"Ubir"}, ["ubu"] = {"Umbu-Ungu"}, ["uby"] = {"Ubykh"}, ["uda"] = {"Uda"}, ["ude"] = {"Udihe"}, ["udg"] = {"Muduga"}, ["udi"] = {"Udi"}, ["udj"] = {"Ujir"}, ["udl"] = {"Wuzlam"}, ["udm"] = {"Udmurt"}, ["udu"] = {"Uduk"}, ["ues"] = {"Kioko"}, ["ufi"] = {"Ufim"}, ["uga"] = {"Ugaritic"}, ["ugb"] = {"Kuku-Ugbanh"}, ["uge"] = {"Ughele"}, ["ugh"] = {"Kubachi"}, ["ugn"] = {"Basa Isarat Uganda"}, ["ugo"] = {"Ugong"}, ["ugy"] = {"Basa Isarat Uruguay"}, ["uha"] = {"Uhami"}, ["uhn"] = {"Damal"}, ["uis"] = {"Uisai"}, ["uiv"] = {"Iyive"}, ["uji"] = {"Tanjijili"}, ["uka"] = {"Kaburi"}, ["ukg"] = {"Ukuriguma"}, ["ukh"] = {"Ukhwejo"}, ["uki"] = {"Kui (India)"}, ["ukk"] = {"Muak Sa-aak"}, ["ukl"] = {"Basa Isarat Ukraina"}, ["ukp"] = {"Ukpe-Bayobiri"}, ["ukq"] = {"Ukwa"}, ["uks"] = {"Basa Isarat Urubú-Kaapor", "Basa Isarat Kaapor"}, ["uku"] = {"Ukue"}, ["ukv"] = {"Kuku"}, ["ukw"] = {"Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni"}, ["uky"] = {"Kuuk-Yak"}, ["ula"] = {"Fungwa"}, ["ulb"] = {"Ulukwumi"}, ["ulc"] = {"Ulch"}, ["ule"] = {"Lule"}, ["ulf"] = {"Usku", "Afra"}, ["uli"] = {"Ulithian"}, ["ulk"] = {"Meriam Mir"}, ["ull"] = {"Ullatan"}, ["ulm"] = {"Ulumanda'"}, ["uln"] = {"Unserdeutsch"}, ["ulu"] = {"Uma' Lung"}, ["ulw"] = {"Ulwa"}, ["uly"] = {"Buli"}, ["uma"] = {"Umatilla"}, ["umb"] = {"Umbundu"}, ["umc"] = {"Marrucinian"}, ["umd"] = {"Umbindhamu"}, ["umg"] = {"Morrobalama", "Umbuygamu"}, ["umi"] = {"Ukit"}, ["umm"] = {"Umon"}, ["umn"] = {"Makyan Naga"}, ["umo"] = {"Umotína"}, ["ump"] = {"Umpila"}, ["umr"] = {"Umbugarla"}, ["ums"] = {"Pendau"}, ["umu"] = {"Munsee"}, ["una"] = {"North Watut"}, ["und"] = {"Undetermined"}, ["une"] = {"Uneme"}, ["ung"] = {"Ngarinyin"}, ["uni"] = {"Uni"}, ["unk"] = {"Enawené-Nawé"}, ["unm"] = {"Unami"}, ["unn"] = {"Kurnai"}, ["unr"] = {"Mundari"}, ["unu"] = {"Unubahe"}, ["unx"] = {"Munda"}, ["unz"] = {"Unde Kaili"}, ["uon"] = {"Kulon"}, ["upi"] = {"Umeda"}, ["upv"] = {"Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin"}, ["ura"] = {"Urarina"}, ["urb"] = {"Urubú-Kaapor", "Kaapor"}, ["urc"] = {"Urningangg"}, ["ure"] = {"Uru"}, ["urf"] = {"Uradhi"}, ["urg"] = {"Urigina"}, ["urh"] = {"Urhobo"}, ["uri"] = {"Urim"}, ["urj"] = {"Rungkun basa Ural"}, ["urk"] = {"Urak Lawoi'"}, ["url"] = {"Urali"}, ["urm"] = {"Urapmin"}, ["urn"] = {"Uruangnirin"}, ["uro"] = {"Ura (Papua Nugini)"}, ["urp"] = {"Uru-Pa-In"}, ["urr"] = {"Lehalurup", "Löyöp"}, ["urt"] = {"Urat"}, ["uru"] = {"Urumi"}, ["urv"] = {"Uruava"}, ["urw"] = {"Sop"}, ["urx"] = {"Urimo"}, ["ury"] = {"Orya"}, ["urz"] = {"Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau"}, ["usa"] = {"Usarufa"}, ["ush"] = {"Ushojo"}, ["usi"] = {"Usui"}, ["usk"] = {"Usaghade"}, ["usp"] = {"Uspanteco"}, ["uss"] = {"us-Saare"}, ["usu"] = {"Uya"}, ["uta"] = {"Otank"}, ["ute"] = {"Ute-Southern Paiute"}, ["uth"] = {"ut-Hun"}, ["utp"] = {"Amba (Solomon Islands)"}, ["utr"] = {"Etulo"}, ["utu"] = {"Utu"}, ["uum"] = {"Urum"}, ["uur"] = {"Ura (Vanuatu)"}, ["uuu"] = {"U"}, ["uve"] = {"West Uvean", "Fagauvea"}, ["uvh"] = {"Uri"}, ["uvl"] = {"Lote"}, ["uwa"] = {"Kuku-Uwanh"}, ["uya"] = {"Doko-Uyanga"}, ["uzn"] = {"Northern Uzbek"}, ["uzs"] = {"Southern Uzbek"}, ["vaa"] = {"Vaagri Booli"}, ["vae"] = {"Vale"}, ["vaf"] = {"Vafsi"}, ["vag"] = {"Vagla"}, ["vah"] = {"Varhadi-Nagpuri"}, ["vai"] = {"Vai"}, ["vaj"] = {"Sekele", "Northwestern ǃKung", "Vasekele"}, ["val"] = {"Vehes"}, ["vam"] = {"Vanimo"}, ["van"] = {"Valman"}, ["vao"] = {"Vao"}, ["vap"] = {"Vaiphei"}, ["var"] = {"Huarijio"}, ["vas"] = {"Vasavi"}, ["vau"] = {"Vanuma"}, ["vav"] = {"Varli"}, ["vay"] = {"Wayu"}, ["vbb"] = {"Southeast Babar"}, ["vbk"] = {"Southwestern Bontok"}, ["vec"] = {"Venetian"}, ["ved"] = {"Veddah"}, ["vel"] = {"Veluws"}, ["vem"] = {"Vemgo-Mabas"}, ["veo"] = {"Ventureño"}, ["vep"] = {"Veps"}, ["ver"] = {"Mom Jango"}, ["vgr"] = {"Vaghri"}, ["vgt"] = {"Vlaamse Gebarentaal", "Basa Isarat Flemish"}, ["vic"] = {"Virgin Islands Creole English"}, ["vid"] = {"Vidunda"}, ["vif"] = {"Vili"}, ["vig"] = {"Viemo"}, ["vil"] = {"Vilela"}, ["vin"] = {"Vinza"}, ["vis"] = {"Vishavan"}, ["vit"] = {"Viti"}, ["viv"] = {"Iduna"}, ["vjk"] = {"Bajjika"}, ["vka"] = {"Kariyarra"}, ["vkj"] = {"Kujarge"}, ["vkk"] = {"Kaur"}, ["vkl"] = {"Kulisusu"}, ["vkm"] = {"Kamakan"}, ["vkn"] = {"Koro Nulu"}, ["vko"] = {"Kodeoha"}, ["vkp"] = {"Korlai Creole Portuguese"}, ["vkt"] = {"Tenggarong Kutai Malay"}, ["vku"] = {"Kurrama"}, ["vkz"] = {"Koro Zuba"}, ["vlp"] = {"Valpei"}, ["vls"] = {"Vlaams"}, ["vma"] = {"Martuyhunira"}, ["vmb"] = {"Barbaram"}, ["vmc"] = {"Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["vmd"] = {"Mudu Koraga"}, ["vme"] = {"East Masela"}, ["vmf"] = {"Mainfränkisch"}, ["vmg"] = {"Lungalunga"}, ["vmh"] = {"Maraghei"}, ["vmi"] = {"Miwa"}, ["vmj"] = {"Ixtayutla Mixtec"}, ["vmk"] = {"Makhuwa-Shirima"}, ["vml"] = {"Malgana"}, ["vmm"] = {"Mitlatongo Mixtec"}, ["vmp"] = {"Soyaltepec Mazatec"}, ["vmq"] = {"Soyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["vmr"] = {"Marenje"}, ["vms"] = {"Moksela"}, ["vmu"] = {"Muluridyi"}, ["vmv"] = {"Valley Maidu"}, ["vmw"] = {"Makhuwa"}, ["vmx"] = {"Tamazola Mixtec"}, ["vmy"] = {"Ayautla Mazatec"}, ["vmz"] = {"Mazatlán Mazatec"}, ["vnk"] = {"Vano", "Lovono"}, ["vnm"] = {"Vinmavis", "Neve'ei"}, ["vnp"] = {"Vunapu"}, ["vor"] = {"Voro"}, ["vot"] = {"Votic"}, ["vra"] = {"Vera'a"}, ["vro"] = {"Võro"}, ["vrs"] = {"Varisi"}, ["vrt"] = {"Burmbar", "Banam Bay"}, ["vsi"] = {"Basa Isarat Moldova"}, ["vsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Vénézuéla"}, ["vsn"] = {"Vedic Sanskrit"}, ["vsv"] = {"Basa Isarat Valénsia", "Llengua de signes valenciana"}, ["vto"] = {"Vitou"}, ["vum"] = {"Vumbu"}, ["vun"] = {"Vunjo"}, ["vut"] = {"Vute"}, ["vwa"] = {"Awa (China)"}, ["waa"] = {"Walla Walla"}, ["wab"] = {"Yote", "Wab"}, ["wac"] = {"Wasco-Wishram"}, ["wad"] = {"Wamesa", "Wondama"}, ["wae"] = {"Walser"}, ["waf"] = {"Wakoná"}, ["wag"] = {"Wa'ema"}, ["wah"] = {"Watubela"}, ["wai"] = {"Wares"}, ["waj"] = {"Waffa"}, ["wak"] = {"Rungkun basa Wakash"}, ["wal"] = {"Wolaytta", "Wolaitta"}, ["wam"] = {"Wampanoag"}, ["wan"] = {"Wan"}, ["wao"] = {"Wappo"}, ["wap"] = {"Wapishana"}, ["waq"] = {"Wagiman"}, ["war"] = {"Waray (Philippines)"}, ["was"] = {"Washo"}, ["wat"] = {"Kaninuwa"}, ["wau"] = {"Waurá"}, ["wav"] = {"Waka"}, ["waw"] = {"Waiwai"}, ["wax"] = {"Watam", "Marangis"}, ["way"] = {"Wayana"}, ["waz"] = {"Wampur"}, ["wba"] = {"Warao"}, ["wbb"] = {"Wabo"}, ["wbe"] = {"Waritai"}, ["wbf"] = {"Wara"}, ["wbh"] = {"Wanda"}, ["wbi"] = {"Vwanji"}, ["wbj"] = {"Alagwa"}, ["wbk"] = {"Waigali"}, ["wbl"] = {"Wakhi"}, ["wbm"] = {"Wa"}, ["wbp"] = {"Warlpiri"}, ["wbq"] = {"Waddar"}, ["wbr"] = {"Wagdi"}, ["wbs"] = {"Basa Isarat Benggala Kulon"}, ["wbt"] = {"Warnman"}, ["wbv"] = {"Wajarri"}, ["wbw"] = {"Woi"}, ["wca"] = {"Yanomámi"}, ["wci"] = {"Waci Gbe"}, ["wdd"] = {"Wandji"}, ["wdg"] = {"Wadaginam"}, ["wdj"] = {"Wadjiginy"}, ["wdk"] = {"Wadikali"}, ["wdt"] = {"Wendat"}, ["wdu"] = {"Wadjigu"}, ["wdy"] = {"Wadjabangayi"}, ["wea"] = {"Wewaw"}, ["wec"] = {"Wè Western"}, ["wed"] = {"Wedau"}, ["weg"] = {"Wergaia"}, ["weh"] = {"Weh"}, ["wei"] = {"Kiunum"}, ["wem"] = {"Weme Gbe"}, ["wen"] = {"Rungkun basa Sorbia"}, ["weo"] = {"Wemale"}, ["wep"] = {"Westphalien"}, ["wer"] = {"Weri"}, ["wes"] = {"Cameroon Pidgin"}, ["wet"] = {"Perai"}, ["weu"] = {"Rawngtu Chin"}, ["wew"] = {"Wejewa"}, ["wfg"] = {"Yafi", "Zorop"}, ["wga"] = {"Wagaya"}, ["wgb"] = {"Wagawaga"}, ["wgg"] = {"Wangkangurru", "Wangganguru"}, ["wgi"] = {"Wahgi"}, ["wgo"] = {"Waigeo"}, ["wgu"] = {"Wirangu"}, ["wgy"] = {"Warrgamay"}, ["wha"] = {"Sou Upaa", "Manusela"}, ["whg"] = {"North Wahgi"}, ["whk"] = {"Wahau Kenyah"}, ["whu"] = {"Wahau Kayan"}, ["wib"] = {"Southern Toussian"}, ["wic"] = {"Wichita"}, ["wie"] = {"Wik-Epa"}, ["wif"] = {"Wik-Keyangan"}, ["wig"] = {"Wik Ngathan"}, ["wih"] = {"Wik-Me'anha"}, ["wii"] = {"Minidien"}, ["wij"] = {"Wik-Iiyanh"}, ["wik"] = {"Wikalkan"}, ["wil"] = {"Wilawila"}, ["wim"] = {"Wik-Mungkan"}, ["win"] = {"Ho-Chunk"}, ["wir"] = {"Wiraféd"}, ["wiu"] = {"Wiru"}, ["wiv"] = {"Vitu"}, ["wiy"] = {"Wiyot"}, ["wja"] = {"Waja"}, ["wji"] = {"Warji"}, ["wka"] = {"Kw'adza"}, ["wkb"] = {"Kumbaran"}, ["wkd"] = {"Wakde", "Mo"}, ["wkl"] = {"Kalanadi"}, ["wkr"] = {"Keerray-Woorroong"}, ["wku"] = {"Kunduvadi"}, ["wkw"] = {"Wakawaka"}, ["wky"] = {"Wangkayutyuru"}, ["wla"] = {"Walio"}, ["wlc"] = {"Mwali Comorian"}, ["wle"] = {"Wolane"}, ["wlg"] = {"Kunbarlang"}, ["wlh"] = {"Welaun"}, ["wli"] = {"Waioli"}, ["wlk"] = {"Wailaki"}, ["wll"] = {"Wali (Sudan)"}, ["wlm"] = {"Middle Welsh"}, ["wlo"] = {"Wolio"}, ["wlr"] = {"Wailapa"}, ["wls"] = {"Wallisian"}, ["wlu"] = {"Wuliwuli"}, ["wlv"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz"}, ["wlw"] = {"Walak"}, ["wlx"] = {"Wali (Ghana)"}, ["wly"] = {"Waling"}, ["wma"] = {"Mawa (Nigéria)"}, ["wmb"] = {"Wambaya"}, ["wmc"] = {"Wamas"}, ["wmd"] = {"Mamaindé"}, ["wme"] = {"Wambule"}, ["wmg"] = {"Western Minyag"}, ["wmh"] = {"Waima'a"}, ["wmi"] = {"Wamin"}, ["wmm"] = {"Maiwa (Indonésia)"}, ["wmn"] = {"Waamwang"}, ["wmo"] = {"Wom (Papua Nugini)"}, ["wms"] = {"Wambon"}, ["wmt"] = {"Walmajarri"}, ["wmw"] = {"Mwani"}, ["wmx"] = {"Womo"}, ["wnb"] = {"Mokati"}, ["wnc"] = {"Wantoat"}, ["wnd"] = {"Wandarang"}, ["wne"] = {"Waneci"}, ["wng"] = {"Wanggom"}, ["wni"] = {"Ndzwani Comorian"}, ["wnk"] = {"Wanukaka"}, ["wnm"] = {"Wanggamala"}, ["wnn"] = {"Wunumara"}, ["wno"] = {"Wano"}, ["wnp"] = {"Wanap"}, ["wnu"] = {"Usan"}, ["wnw"] = {"Wintu"}, ["wny"] = {"Wanyi", "Waanyi"}, ["woa"] = {"Kuwema", "Tyaraity"}, ["wob"] = {"Wè Northern"}, ["woc"] = {"Wogeo"}, ["wod"] = {"Wolani"}, ["woe"] = {"Woleaian"}, ["wof"] = {"Gambian Wolof"}, ["wog"] = {"Wogamusin"}, ["woi"] = {"Kamang"}, ["wok"] = {"Longto"}, ["wom"] = {"Wom (Nigéria)"}, ["won"] = {"Wongo"}, ["woo"] = {"Manombai"}, ["wor"] = {"Woria"}, ["wos"] = {"Hanga Hundi"}, ["wow"] = {"Wawonii"}, ["woy"] = {"Weyto"}, ["wpc"] = {"Maco"}, ["wrb"] = {"Waluwarra", "Warluwara"}, ["wrg"] = {"Warungu", "Gudjal"}, ["wrh"] = {"Wiradjuri"}, ["wri"] = {"Wariyangga"}, ["wrk"] = {"Garrwa"}, ["wrl"] = {"Warlmanpa"}, ["wrm"] = {"Warumungu"}, ["wrn"] = {"Warnang"}, ["wro"] = {"Worrorra"}, ["wrp"] = {"Waropen"}, ["wrr"] = {"Wardaman"}, ["wrs"] = {"Waris"}, ["wru"] = {"Waru"}, ["wrv"] = {"Waruna"}, ["wrw"] = {"Gugu Warra"}, ["wrx"] = {"Wae Rana"}, ["wry"] = {"Merwari"}, ["wrz"] = {"Waray (Australia)"}, ["wsa"] = {"Warembori"}, ["wsg"] = {"Adilabad Gondi"}, ["wsi"] = {"Wusi"}, ["wsk"] = {"Waskia"}, ["wsr"] = {"Owenia"}, ["wss"] = {"Wasa"}, ["wsu"] = {"Wasu"}, ["wsv"] = {"Wotapuri-Katarqalai"}, ["wtb"] = {"Matambwe"}, ["wtf"] = {"Watiwa"}, ["wth"] = {"Wathawurrung"}, ["wti"] = {"Berta"}, ["wtk"] = {"Watakataui"}, ["wtm"] = {"Mewati"}, ["wtw"] = {"Wotu"}, ["wua"] = {"Wikngenchera"}, ["wub"] = {"Wunambal"}, ["wud"] = {"Wudu"}, ["wuh"] = {"Wutunhua"}, ["wul"] = {"Silimo"}, ["wum"] = {"Wumbvu"}, ["wun"] = {"Bungu"}, ["wur"] = {"Wurrugu"}, ["wut"] = {"Wutung"}, ["wuu"] = {"Wu Chinese"}, ["wuv"] = {"Wuvulu-Aua"}, ["wux"] = {"Wulna"}, ["wuy"] = {"Wauyai"}, ["wwa"] = {"Waama"}, ["wwb"] = {"Wakabunga"}, ["wwo"] = {"Wetamut", "Dorig"}, ["wwr"] = {"Warrwa"}, ["www"] = {"Wawa"}, ["wxa"] = {"Waxianghua"}, ["wxw"] = {"Wardandi"}, ["wyb"] = {"Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa"}, ["wyi"] = {"Woiwurrung"}, ["wym"] = {"Wymysorys"}, ["wyn"] = {"Wyandot"}, ["wyr"] = {"Wayoró"}, ["wyy"] = {"Western Fijian"}, ["xaa"] = {"Arab Andalusia"}, ["xab"] = {"Sambe"}, ["xac"] = {"Kachari"}, ["xad"] = {"Adai"}, ["xae"] = {"Aequian"}, ["xag"] = {"Aghwan"}, ["xai"] = {"Kaimbé"}, ["xaj"] = {"Ararandewára"}, ["xak"] = {"Máku"}, ["xal"] = {"Kalmyk", "Oirat"}, ["xam"] = {"ǀXam"}, ["xan"] = {"Xamtanga"}, ["xao"] = {"Khao"}, ["xap"] = {"Apalachee"}, ["xaq"] = {"Aquitanian"}, ["xar"] = {"Karami"}, ["xas"] = {"Kamas"}, ["xat"] = {"Katawixi"}, ["xau"] = {"Kauwera"}, ["xav"] = {"Xavánte"}, ["xaw"] = {"Kawaiisu"}, ["xay"] = {"Kayan Mahakam"}, ["xbb"] = {"Lower Burdekin"}, ["xbc"] = {"Bactrian"}, ["xbd"] = {"Bindal"}, ["xbe"] = {"Bigambal"}, ["xbg"] = {"Bunganditj"}, ["xbi"] = {"Kombio"}, ["xbj"] = {"Birrpayi"}, ["xbm"] = {"Middle Breton"}, ["xbn"] = {"Kenaboi"}, ["xbo"] = {"Bolgarian"}, ["xbp"] = {"Bibbulman"}, ["xbr"] = {"Kambera"}, ["xbw"] = {"Kambiwá"}, ["xby"] = {"Batjala", "Batyala"}, ["xcb"] = {"Cumbric"}, ["xcc"] = {"Camunic"}, ["xce"] = {"Celtiberian"}, ["xcg"] = {"Cisalpine Gaulish"}, ["xch"] = {"Chemakum", "Chimakum"}, ["xcl"] = {"Classical Armenian"}, ["xcm"] = {"Comecrudo"}, ["xcn"] = {"Cotoname"}, ["xco"] = {"Chorasmian"}, ["xcr"] = {"Carian"}, ["xct"] = {"Classical Tibetan"}, ["xcu"] = {"Curonian"}, ["xcv"] = {"Chuvantsy"}, ["xcw"] = {"Coahuilteco"}, ["xcy"] = {"Cayuse"}, ["xda"] = {"Darkinyung"}, ["xdc"] = {"Dacian"}, ["xdk"] = {"Dharuk"}, ["xdm"] = {"Edomite"}, ["xdo"] = {"Kwandu"}, ["xdq"] = {"Kaitag"}, ["xdy"] = {"Malayic Dayak"}, ["xeb"] = {"Eblan"}, ["xed"] = {"Hdi"}, ["xeg"] = {"ǁXegwi"}, ["xel"] = {"Kelo"}, ["xem"] = {"Kembayan"}, ["xep"] = {"Epi-Olmec"}, ["xer"] = {"Xerénte"}, ["xes"] = {"Kesawai"}, ["xet"] = {"Xetá"}, ["xeu"] = {"Keoru-Ahia"}, ["xfa"] = {"Faliscan"}, ["xga"] = {"Galatian"}, ["xgb"] = {"Gbin"}, ["xgd"] = {"Gudang"}, ["xgf"] = {"Gabrielino-Fernandeño"}, ["xgg"] = {"Goreng"}, ["xgi"] = {"Garingbal"}, ["xgl"] = {"Galindan"}, ["xgm"] = {"Dharumbal", "Basa Guwinmal"}, ["xgn"] = {"Rungkun basa Mongolia"}, ["xgr"] = {"Garza"}, ["xgu"] = {"Unggumi"}, ["xgw"] = {"Guwa"}, ["xha"] = {"Harami"}, ["xhc"] = {"Hunnic"}, ["xhd"] = {"Hadrami"}, ["xhe"] = {"Khetrani"}, ["xhm"] = {"Middle Khmer (1400 to 1850 CE)"}, ["xhr"] = {"Hernican"}, ["xht"] = {"Hattic"}, ["xhu"] = {"Hurrian"}, ["xhv"] = {"Khua"}, ["xib"] = {"Iberian"}, ["xii"] = {"Xiri"}, ["xil"] = {"Illyrian"}, ["xin"] = {"Xinca"}, ["xir"] = {"Xiriâna"}, ["xis"] = {"Kisan"}, ["xiv"] = {"Indus Valley Language"}, ["xiy"] = {"Xipaya"}, ["xjb"] = {"Minjungbal"}, ["xjt"] = {"Jaitmatang"}, ["xka"] = {"Kalkoti"}, ["xkb"] = {"Northern Nago"}, ["xkc"] = {"Kho'ini"}, ["xkd"] = {"Mendalam Kayan"}, ["xke"] = {"Kereho"}, ["xkf"] = {"Khengkha"}, ["xkg"] = {"Kagoro"}, ["xki"] = {"Basa Isarat Kénya"}, ["xkj"] = {"Kajali"}, ["xkk"] = {"Kachok", "Basa Kaco'"}, ["xkl"] = {"Mainstream Kenyah"}, ["xkn"] = {"Kayan River Kayan"}, ["xko"] = {"Kiorr"}, ["xkp"] = {"Kabatei"}, ["xkq"] = {"Koroni"}, ["xkr"] = {"Xakriabá"}, ["xks"] = {"Kumbewaha"}, ["xkt"] = {"Kantosi"}, ["xku"] = {"Kaamba"}, ["xkv"] = {"Kgalagadi"}, ["xkw"] = {"Kembra"}, ["xkx"] = {"Karore"}, ["xky"] = {"Uma' Lasan"}, ["xkz"] = {"Kurtokha"}, ["xla"] = {"Kamula"}, ["xlb"] = {"Loup B"}, ["xlc"] = {"Lycian"}, ["xld"] = {"Lydian"}, ["xle"] = {"Lemnian"}, ["xlg"] = {"Ligurian (Ancient)"}, ["xli"] = {"Liburnian"}, ["xln"] = {"Alanic"}, ["xlo"] = {"Loup A"}, ["xlp"] = {"Lepontic"}, ["xls"] = {"Lusitanian"}, ["xlu"] = {"Cuneiform Luwian"}, ["xly"] = {"Elymian"}, ["xma"] = {"Mushungulu"}, ["xmb"] = {"Mbonga"}, ["xmc"] = {"Makhuwa-Marrevone"}, ["xmd"] = {"Mbudum"}, ["xme"] = {"Median"}, ["xmf"] = {"Mingrelian"}, ["xmg"] = {"Mengaka"}, ["xmh"] = {"Kugu-Muminh"}, ["xmj"] = {"Majera"}, ["xmk"] = {"Ancient Macedonian"}, ["xml"] = {"Basa Isarat Malaysia"}, ["xmm"] = {"Manado Malay"}, ["xmn"] = {"Manichaean Middle Persian"}, ["xmo"] = {"Morerebi"}, ["xmp"] = {"Kuku-Mu'inh"}, ["xmq"] = {"Kuku-Mangk"}, ["xmr"] = {"Meroitic"}, ["xms"] = {"Basa Isarat Maroko"}, ["xmt"] = {"Matbat"}, ["xmu"] = {"Kamu"}, ["xmv"] = {"Antankarana Malagasy", "Tankarana Malagasy"}, ["xmw"] = {"Tsimihety Malagasy"}, ["xmx"] = {"Salawati", "Maden"}, ["xmy"] = {"Mayaguduna"}, ["xmz"] = {"Mori Bawah"}, ["xna"] = {"Ancient North Arabian"}, ["xnb"] = {"Kanakanabu"}, ["xnd"] = {"Rungkun basa Na-Dene"}, ["xng"] = {"Middle Mongolian"}, ["xnh"] = {"Kuanhua"}, ["xni"] = {"Ngarigu"}, ["xnj"] = {"Ngoni (Tanzania)"}, ["xnk"] = {"Nganakarti"}, ["xnm"] = {"Ngumbarl"}, ["xnn"] = {"Northern Kankanay"}, ["xno"] = {"Anglo-Norman"}, ["xnq"] = {"Ngoni (Mozambique)"}, ["xnr"] = {"Kangri"}, ["xns"] = {"Kanashi"}, ["xnt"] = {"Narragansett"}, ["xnu"] = {"Nukunul"}, ["xny"] = {"Nyiyaparli"}, ["xnz"] = {"Kenzi", "Mattoki"}, ["xoc"] = {"O'chi'chi'"}, ["xod"] = {"Kokoda"}, ["xog"] = {"Soga"}, ["xoi"] = {"Kominimung"}, ["xok"] = {"Xokleng"}, ["xom"] = {"Komo (Sudan)"}, ["xon"] = {"Konkomba"}, ["xoo"] = {"Xukurú"}, ["xop"] = {"Kopar"}, ["xor"] = {"Korubo"}, ["xow"] = {"Kowaki"}, ["xpa"] = {"Pirriya"}, ["xpb"] = {"Northeastern Tasmanian", "Pyemmairrener"}, ["xpc"] = {"Pecheneg"}, ["xpd"] = {"Oyster Bay Tasmanian"}, ["xpe"] = {"Liberia Kpelle"}, ["xpf"] = {"Southeast Tasmanian", "Nuenonne"}, ["xpg"] = {"Phrygian"}, ["xph"] = {"North Midlands Tasmanian", "Tyerrenoterpanner"}, ["xpi"] = {"Pictish"}, ["xpj"] = {"Mpalitjanh"}, ["xpk"] = {"Kulina Pano"}, ["xpl"] = {"Port Sorell Tasmanian"}, ["xpm"] = {"Pumpokol"}, ["xpn"] = {"Kapinawá"}, ["xpo"] = {"Pochutec"}, ["xpp"] = {"Puyo-Paekche"}, ["xpq"] = {"Mohegan-Pequot"}, ["xpr"] = {"Parthian"}, ["xps"] = {"Pisidian"}, ["xpt"] = {"Punthamara"}, ["xpu"] = {"Punic"}, ["xpv"] = {"Northern Tasmanian", "Tommeginne"}, ["xpw"] = {"Northwestern Tasmanian", "Peerapper"}, ["xpx"] = {"Southwestern Tasmanian", "Toogee"}, ["xpy"] = {"Puyo"}, ["xpz"] = {"Bruny Island Tasmanian"}, ["xqa"] = {"Karakhanid"}, ["xqt"] = {"Qatabanian"}, ["xra"] = {"Krahô"}, ["xrb"] = {"Eastern Karaboro"}, ["xrd"] = {"Gundungurra"}, ["xre"] = {"Kreye"}, ["xrg"] = {"Minang"}, ["xri"] = {"Krikati-Timbira"}, ["xrm"] = {"Armazic"}, ["xrn"] = {"Arin"}, ["xrr"] = {"Raetic"}, ["xrt"] = {"Aranama-Tamique"}, ["xru"] = {"Marriammu"}, ["xrw"] = {"Karawa"}, ["xsa"] = {"Sabaean"}, ["xsb"] = {"Sambal"}, ["xsc"] = {"Scythian"}, ["xsd"] = {"Sidetic"}, ["xse"] = {"Sempan"}, ["xsh"] = {"Shamang"}, ["xsi"] = {"Sio"}, ["xsj"] = {"Subi"}, ["xsl"] = {"South Slavey"}, ["xsm"] = {"Kasem"}, ["xsn"] = {"Sanga (Nigéria)"}, ["xso"] = {"Solano"}, ["xsp"] = {"Silopi"}, ["xsq"] = {"Makhuwa-Saka"}, ["xsr"] = {"Sherpa"}, ["xsu"] = {"Sanumá"}, ["xsv"] = {"Sudovian"}, ["xsy"] = {"Saisiyat"}, ["xta"] = {"Alcozauca Mixtec"}, ["xtb"] = {"Chazumba Mixtec"}, ["xtc"] = {"Katcha-Kadugli-Miri"}, ["xtd"] = {"Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec"}, ["xte"] = {"Ketengban"}, ["xtg"] = {"Transalpine Gaulish"}, ["xth"] = {"Yitha Yitha"}, ["xti"] = {"Sinicahua Mixtec"}, ["xtj"] = {"San Juan Teita Mixtec"}, ["xtl"] = {"Tijaltepec Mixtec"}, ["xtm"] = {"Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec"}, ["xtn"] = {"Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["xto"] = {"Tokharian A"}, ["xtp"] = {"San Miguel Piedras Mixtec"}, ["xtq"] = {"Tumshuqese"}, ["xtr"] = {"Early Tripuri"}, ["xts"] = {"Sindihui Mixtec"}, ["xtt"] = {"Tacahua Mixtec"}, ["xtu"] = {"Cuyamecalco Mixtec"}, ["xtv"] = {"Thawa"}, ["xtw"] = {"Tawandê"}, ["xty"] = {"Yoloxochitl Mixtec"}, ["xua"] = {"Alu Kurumba"}, ["xub"] = {"Betta Kurumba"}, ["xud"] = {"Umiida"}, ["xug"] = {"Kunigami"}, ["xuj"] = {"Jennu Kurumba"}, ["xul"] = {"Ngunawal", "Nunukul"}, ["xum"] = {"Umbrian"}, ["xun"] = {"Unggaranggu"}, ["xuo"] = {"Kuo"}, ["xup"] = {"Upper Umpqua"}, ["xur"] = {"Urartian"}, ["xut"] = {"Kuthant"}, ["xuu"] = {"Kxoe", "Khwedam"}, ["xve"] = {"Venetic"}, ["xvi"] = {"Kamviri"}, ["xvn"] = {"Vandalic"}, ["xvo"] = {"Volscian"}, ["xvs"] = {"Vestinian"}, ["xwa"] = {"Kwaza"}, ["xwc"] = {"Woccon"}, ["xwd"] = {"Wadi Wadi"}, ["xwe"] = {"Xwela Gbe"}, ["xwg"] = {"Kwegu"}, ["xwj"] = {"Wajuk"}, ["xwk"] = {"Wangkumara"}, ["xwl"] = {"Western Xwla Gbe"}, ["xwo"] = {"Written Oirat"}, ["xwr"] = {"Kwerba Mamberamo"}, ["xwt"] = {"Wotjobaluk"}, ["xww"] = {"Wemba Wemba"}, ["xxb"] = {"Boro (Ghana)"}, ["xxk"] = {"Ke'o"}, ["xxm"] = {"Minkin"}, ["xxr"] = {"Koropó"}, ["xxt"] = {"Tambora"}, ["xya"] = {"Yaygir"}, ["xyb"] = {"Yandjibara"}, ["xyj"] = {"Mayi-Yapi"}, ["xyk"] = {"Mayi-Kulan"}, ["xyl"] = {"Yalakalore"}, ["xyt"] = {"Mayi-Thakurti"}, ["xyy"] = {"Yorta Yorta"}, ["xzh"] = {"Zhang-Zhung"}, ["xzm"] = {"Zemgalian"}, ["xzp"] = {"Ancient Zapotec"}, ["yaa"] = {"Yaminahua"}, ["yab"] = {"Yuhup"}, ["yac"] = {"Pass Valley Yali"}, ["yad"] = {"Yagua"}, ["yae"] = {"Pumé"}, ["yaf"] = {"Yaka (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["yag"] = {"Yámana"}, ["yah"] = {"Yazgulyam"}, ["yai"] = {"Yagnobi"}, ["yaj"] = {"Banda-Yangere"}, ["yak"] = {"Yakama"}, ["yal"] = {"Yalunka"}, ["yam"] = {"Yamba"}, ["yan"] = {"Mayangna"}, ["yao"] = {"Yao"}, ["yap"] = {"Yapese"}, ["yaq"] = {"Yaqui"}, ["yar"] = {"Yabarana"}, ["yas"] = {"Nugunu (Kamerun)"}, ["yat"] = {"Yambeta"}, ["yau"] = {"Yuwana"}, ["yav"] = {"Yangben"}, ["yaw"] = {"Yawalapití"}, ["yax"] = {"Yauma"}, ["yay"] = {"Agwagwune"}, ["yaz"] = {"Lokaa"}, ["yba"] = {"Yala"}, ["ybb"] = {"Yemba"}, ["ybe"] = {"West Yugur"}, ["ybh"] = {"Yakha"}, ["ybi"] = {"Yamphu"}, ["ybj"] = {"Hasha"}, ["ybk"] = {"Bokha"}, ["ybl"] = {"Yukuben"}, ["ybm"] = {"Yaben"}, ["ybn"] = {"Yabaâna"}, ["ybo"] = {"Yabong"}, ["ybx"] = {"Yawiyo"}, ["yby"] = {"Yaweyuha"}, ["ych"] = {"Chesu"}, ["ycl"] = {"Lolopo"}, ["ycn"] = {"Yucuna"}, ["ycp"] = {"Chepya"}, ["ycr"] = {"Yilan Creole"}, ["yda"] = {"Yanda"}, ["ydd"] = {"Eastern Yiddish"}, ["yde"] = {"Yangum Dey"}, ["ydg"] = {"Yidgha"}, ["ydk"] = {"Yoidik"}, ["yea"] = {"Ravula"}, ["yec"] = {"Yeniche"}, ["yee"] = {"Yimas"}, ["yei"] = {"Yeni"}, ["yej"] = {"Yevanic"}, ["yel"] = {"Yela"}, ["yer"] = {"Tarok"}, ["yes"] = {"Nyankpa"}, ["yet"] = {"Yetfa"}, ["yeu"] = {"Yerukula"}, ["yev"] = {"Yapunda"}, ["yey"] = {"Yeyi"}, ["yga"] = {"Malyangapa"}, ["ygi"] = {"Yiningayi"}, ["ygl"] = {"Yangum Gel"}, ["ygm"] = {"Yagomi"}, ["ygp"] = {"Gepo"}, ["ygr"] = {"Yagaria"}, ["ygs"] = {"Basa Isarat Yolŋu"}, ["ygu"] = {"Yugul"}, ["ygw"] = {"Yagwoia"}, ["yha"] = {"Baha Buyang"}, ["yhd"] = {"Arab Yahudi Irak"}, ["yhl"] = {"Hlepho Phowa"}, ["yhs"] = {"Basa Isarat Yan-nhaŋu"}, ["yia"] = {"Yinggarda"}, ["yif"] = {"Ache"}, ["yig"] = {"Wusa Nasu"}, ["yih"] = {"Western Yiddish"}, ["yii"] = {"Yidiny"}, ["yij"] = {"Yindjibarndi"}, ["yik"] = {"Dongshanba Lalo"}, ["yil"] = {"Yindjilandji"}, ["yim"] = {"Yimchungru Naga"}, ["yin"] = {"Riang Lai", "Yinchia"}, ["yip"] = {"Pholo"}, ["yiq"] = {"Miqie"}, ["yir"] = {"North Awyu"}, ["yis"] = {"Yis"}, ["yit"] = {"Eastern Lalu"}, ["yiu"] = {"Awu"}, ["yiv"] = {"Northern Nisu"}, ["yix"] = {"Axi Yi"}, ["yiz"] = {"Azhe"}, ["yka"] = {"Yakan"}, ["ykg"] = {"Northern Yukaghir"}, ["ykh"] = {"Khamnigan Mongol"}, ["yki"] = {"Yoke"}, ["ykk"] = {"Yakaikeke"}, ["ykl"] = {"Khlula"}, ["ykm"] = {"Kap"}, ["ykn"] = {"Kua-nsi"}, ["yko"] = {"Iyasa", "Yasa"}, ["ykr"] = {"Yekora"}, ["ykt"] = {"Kathu"}, ["yku"] = {"Kuamasi"}, ["yky"] = {"Yakoma"}, ["yla"] = {"Yaul"}, ["ylb"] = {"Yaleba"}, ["yle"] = {"Yele"}, ["ylg"] = {"Yelogu"}, ["yli"] = {"Angguruk Yali"}, ["yll"] = {"Yil"}, ["ylm"] = {"Limi"}, ["yln"] = {"Langnian Buyang"}, ["ylo"] = {"Naluo Yi"}, ["ylr"] = {"Yalarnnga"}, ["ylu"] = {"Aribwaung"}, ["yly"] = {"Nyâlayu", "Nyelâyu"}, ["ymb"] = {"Yambes"}, ["ymc"] = {"Southern Muji"}, ["ymd"] = {"Muda"}, ["yme"] = {"Yameo"}, ["ymg"] = {"Yamongeri"}, ["ymh"] = {"Mili"}, ["ymi"] = {"Moji"}, ["ymk"] = {"Makwe"}, ["yml"] = {"Iamalele"}, ["ymm"] = {"Maay"}, ["ymn"] = {"Yamna", "Sunum"}, ["ymo"] = {"Yangum Mon"}, ["ymp"] = {"Yamap"}, ["ymq"] = {"Qila Muji"}, ["ymr"] = {"Malasar"}, ["yms"] = {"Mysian"}, ["ymx"] = {"Northern Muji"}, ["ymz"] = {"Muzi"}, ["yna"] = {"Aluo"}, ["ynb"] = {"Yamben"}, ["ynd"] = {"Yandruwandha"}, ["yne"] = {"Lang'e"}, ["yng"] = {"Yango"}, ["ynk"] = {"Naukan Yupik"}, ["ynl"] = {"Yangulam"}, ["ynn"] = {"Yana"}, ["yno"] = {"Yong"}, ["ynq"] = {"Yendang"}, ["yns"] = {"Yansi"}, ["ynu"] = {"Yahuna"}, ["yob"] = {"Yoba"}, ["yog"] = {"Yogad"}, ["yoi"] = {"Yonaguni"}, ["yok"] = {"Yokuts"}, ["yom"] = {"Yombe"}, ["yon"] = {"Yongkom"}, ["yot"] = {"Yotti"}, ["yox"] = {"Yoron"}, ["yoy"] = {"Yoy"}, ["ypa"] = {"Phala"}, ["ypb"] = {"Labo Phowa"}, ["ypg"] = {"Phola"}, ["yph"] = {"Phupha"}, ["ypk"] = {"Rungkun basa Yupik"}, ["ypm"] = {"Phuma"}, ["ypn"] = {"Ani Phowa"}, ["ypo"] = {"Alo Phola"}, ["ypp"] = {"Phupa"}, ["ypz"] = {"Phuza"}, ["yra"] = {"Yerakai"}, ["yrb"] = {"Yareba"}, ["yre"] = {"Yaouré"}, ["yrk"] = {"Nenets"}, ["yrl"] = {"Nhengatu"}, ["yrm"] = {"Yirrk-Mel"}, ["yrn"] = {"Yerong"}, ["yro"] = {"Yaroamë"}, ["yrs"] = {"Yarsun"}, ["yrw"] = {"Yarawata"}, ["yry"] = {"Yarluyandi"}, ["ysc"] = {"Yassic"}, ["ysd"] = {"Samatao"}, ["ysg"] = {"Sonaga"}, ["ysl"] = {"Basa Isarat Yugoslavia"}, ["ysm"] = {"Basa Isarat Myanmar"}, ["ysn"] = {"Sani"}, ["yso"] = {"Nisi (China)"}, ["ysp"] = {"Southern Lolopo"}, ["ysr"] = {"Sirenik Yupik"}, ["yss"] = {"Yessan-Mayo"}, ["ysy"] = {"Sanie"}, ["yta"] = {"Talu"}, ["ytl"] = {"Tanglang"}, ["ytp"] = {"Thopho"}, ["ytw"] = {"Yout Wam"}, ["yty"] = {"Yatay"}, ["yua"] = {"Yucateco", "Yucatec Maya"}, ["yub"] = {"Yugambal"}, ["yuc"] = {"Yuchi"}, ["yud"] = {"Arab Yahudi Tripoli"}, ["yue"] = {"Yue Chinese", "Cantonese"}, ["yuf"] = {"Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai"}, ["yug"] = {"Yug"}, ["yui"] = {"Yurutí"}, ["yuj"] = {"Karkar-Yuri"}, ["yuk"] = {"Yuki"}, ["yul"] = {"Yulu"}, ["yum"] = {"Quechan"}, ["yun"] = {"Bena (Nigéria)"}, ["yup"] = {"Yukpa"}, ["yuq"] = {"Yuqui"}, ["yur"] = {"Yurok"}, ["yut"] = {"Yopno"}, ["yuw"] = {"Yau (Morobe Province)"}, ["yux"] = {"Southern Yukaghir"}, ["yuy"] = {"East Yugur"}, ["yuz"] = {"Yuracare"}, ["yva"] = {"Yawa"}, ["yvt"] = {"Yavitero"}, ["ywa"] = {"Kalou"}, ["ywg"] = {"Yinhawangka"}, ["ywl"] = {"Western Lalu"}, ["ywn"] = {"Yawanawa"}, ["ywq"] = {"Wuding-Luquan Yi"}, ["ywr"] = {"Yawuru"}, ["ywt"] = {"Xishanba Lalo", "Central Lalo"}, ["ywu"] = {"Wumeng Nasu"}, ["yww"] = {"Yawarawarga"}, ["yxa"] = {"Mayawali"}, ["yxg"] = {"Yagara"}, ["yxl"] = {"Yardliyawarra"}, ["yxm"] = {"Yinwum"}, ["yxu"] = {"Yuyu"}, ["yxy"] = {"Yabula Yabula"}, ["yyr"] = {"Yir Yoront"}, ["yyu"] = {"Yau (Sandaun Province)"}, ["yyz"] = {"Ayizi"}, ["yzg"] = {"E'ma Buyang"}, ["yzk"] = {"Zokhuo"}, ["zaa"] = {"Sierra de Juárez Zapotec"}, ["zab"] = {"Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec", "San Juan Guelavía Zapotec"}, ["zac"] = {"Ocotlán Zapotec"}, ["zad"] = {"Cajonos Zapotec"}, ["zae"] = {"Yareni Zapotec"}, ["zaf"] = {"Ayoquesco Zapotec"}, ["zag"] = {"Zaghawa"}, ["zah"] = {"Zangwal"}, ["zai"] = {"Isthmus Zapotec"}, ["zaj"] = {"Zaramo"}, ["zak"] = {"Zanaki"}, ["zal"] = {"Zauzou"}, ["zam"] = {"Miahuatlán Zapotec"}, ["zao"] = {"Ozolotepec Zapotec"}, ["zap"] = {"Zapotec"}, ["zaq"] = {"Aloápam Zapotec"}, ["zar"] = {"Rincón Zapotec"}, ["zas"] = {"Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["zat"] = {"Tabaa Zapotec"}, ["zau"] = {"Zangskari"}, ["zav"] = {"Yatzachi Zapotec"}, ["zaw"] = {"Mitla Zapotec"}, ["zax"] = {"Xadani Zapotec"}, ["zay"] = {"Zayse-Zergulla", "Zaysete"}, ["zaz"] = {"Zari"}, ["zba"] = {"Balaibalan"}, ["zbc"] = {"Central Berawan"}, ["zbe"] = {"East Berawan"}, ["zbl"] = {"Blissymbols", "Bliss", "Blissymbolics"}, ["zbt"] = {"Batui"}, ["zbu"] = {"Bu (Bauchi State)"}, ["zbw"] = {"West Berawan"}, ["zca"] = {"Coatecas Altas Zapotec"}, ["zcd"] = {"Las Delicias Zapotec"}, ["zch"] = {"Central Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zdj"] = {"Ngazidja Comorian"}, ["zea"] = {"Zeeuws"}, ["zeg"] = {"Zenag"}, ["zeh"] = {"Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zem"] = {"Zeem"}, ["zen"] = {"Zenaga"}, ["zga"] = {"Kinga"}, ["zgb"] = {"Guibei Zhuang"}, ["zgh"] = {"Standard Moroccan Tamazight"}, ["zgm"] = {"Minz Zhuang"}, ["zgn"] = {"Guibian Zhuang"}, ["zgr"] = {"Magori"}, ["zhb"] = {"Zhaba"}, ["zhd"] = {"Dai Zhuang"}, ["zhi"] = {"Zhire"}, ["zhk"] = {"Basa Isarat Kurdi"}, ["zhn"] = {"Nong Zhuang"}, ["zhw"] = {"Zhoa"}, ["zhx"] = {"Tionghoa (kulawarga)"}, ["zia"] = {"Zia"}, ["zib"] = {"Basa Isarat Zimbabwé"}, ["zik"] = {"Zimakani"}, ["zil"] = {"Zialo"}, ["zim"] = {"Mesme"}, ["zin"] = {"Zinza"}, ["ziw"] = {"Zigula"}, ["ziz"] = {"Zizilivakan"}, ["zka"] = {"Kaimbulawa"}, ["zkd"] = {"Kadu"}, ["zkg"] = {"Koguryo"}, ["zkh"] = {"Khorezmian"}, ["zkk"] = {"Karankawa"}, ["zkn"] = {"Kanan"}, ["zko"] = {"Kott"}, ["zkp"] = {"São Paulo Kaingáng"}, ["zkr"] = {"Zakhring"}, ["zkt"] = {"Kitan"}, ["zku"] = {"Kaurna"}, ["zkv"] = {"Krevinian"}, ["zkz"] = {"Khazar"}, ["zla"] = {"Zula"}, ["zle"] = {"Rungkun basa Slavia Wétan"}, ["zlj"] = {"Liujiang Zhuang"}, ["zlm"] = {"Malay (individual language)"}, ["zln"] = {"Lianshan Zhuang"}, ["zlq"] = {"Liuqian Zhuang"}, ["zls"] = {"Rungkun basa Slavia Kidul"}, ["zlu"] = {"Zul"}, ["zlw"] = {"Rungkun basa Slavia Kulon"}, ["zma"] = {"Manda (Australia)"}, ["zmb"] = {"Zimba"}, ["zmc"] = {"Margany"}, ["zmd"] = {"Maridan"}, ["zme"] = {"Mangerr"}, ["zmf"] = {"Mfinu"}, ["zmg"] = {"Marti Ke"}, ["zmh"] = {"Makolkol"}, ["zmi"] = {"Negeri Sembilan Malay"}, ["zmj"] = {"Maridjabin"}, ["zmk"] = {"Mandandanyi"}, ["zml"] = {"Matngala"}, ["zmm"] = {"Marimanindji", "Marramaninyshi"}, ["zmn"] = {"Mbangwe"}, ["zmo"] = {"Molo"}, ["zmp"] = {"Mbuun"}, ["zmq"] = {"Mituku"}, ["zmr"] = {"Maranunggu"}, ["zms"] = {"Mbesa"}, ["zmt"] = {"Maringarr"}, ["zmu"] = {"Muruwari"}, ["zmv"] = {"Mbariman-Gudhinma"}, ["zmw"] = {"Mbo (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["zmx"] = {"Bomitaba"}, ["zmy"] = {"Mariyedi"}, ["zmz"] = {"Mbandja"}, ["zna"] = {"Zan Gula"}, ["znd"] = {"Rungkun basa Zande"}, ["zne"] = {"Zande (basa individu)"}, ["zng"] = {"Mang"}, ["znk"] = {"Manangkari"}, ["zns"] = {"Mangas"}, ["zoc"] = {"Copainalá Zoque"}, ["zoh"] = {"Chimalapa Zoque"}, ["zom"] = {"Zou"}, ["zoo"] = {"Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zoq"] = {"Tabasco Zoque"}, ["zor"] = {"Rayón Zoque"}, ["zos"] = {"Francisco León Zoque"}, ["zpa"] = {"Lachiguiri Zapotec"}, ["zpb"] = {"Yautepec Zapotec"}, ["zpc"] = {"Choapan Zapotec"}, ["zpd"] = {"Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec"}, ["zpe"] = {"Petapa Zapotec"}, ["zpf"] = {"San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec"}, ["zpg"] = {"Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec"}, ["zph"] = {"Totomachapan Zapotec"}, ["zpi"] = {"Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec"}, ["zpj"] = {"Quiavicuzas Zapotec"}, ["zpk"] = {"Tlacolulita Zapotec"}, ["zpl"] = {"Lachixío Zapotec"}, ["zpm"] = {"Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zpn"] = {"Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec"}, ["zpo"] = {"Amatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpp"] = {"El Alto Zapotec"}, ["zpq"] = {"Zoogocho Zapotec"}, ["zpr"] = {"Santiago Xanica Zapotec"}, ["zps"] = {"Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpt"] = {"San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpu"] = {"Yalálag Zapotec"}, ["zpv"] = {"Chichicapan Zapotec"}, ["zpw"] = {"Zaniza Zapotec"}, ["zpx"] = {"San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["zpy"] = {"Mazaltepec Zapotec"}, ["zpz"] = {"Texmelucan Zapotec"}, ["zqe"] = {"Qiubei Zhuang"}, ["zra"] = {"Kara (Korea)"}, ["zrg"] = {"Mirgan"}, ["zrn"] = {"Zerenkel"}, ["zro"] = {"Záparo"}, ["zrp"] = {"Zarphatic"}, ["zrs"] = {"Mairasi"}, ["zsa"] = {"Sarasira"}, ["zsk"] = {"Kaskean"}, ["zsl"] = {"Basa Isarat Zambia"}, ["zsm"] = {"Standard Malay"}, ["zsr"] = {"Southern Rincon Zapotec"}, ["zsu"] = {"Sukurum"}, ["zte"] = {"Elotepec Zapotec"}, ["ztg"] = {"Xanaguía Zapotec"}, ["ztl"] = {"Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec"}, ["ztm"] = {"San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["ztn"] = {"Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["ztp"] = {"Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["ztq"] = {"Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec"}, ["zts"] = {"Tilquiapan Zapotec"}, ["ztt"] = {"Tejalapan Zapotec"}, ["ztu"] = {"Güilá Zapotec"}, ["ztx"] = {"Zaachila Zapotec"}, ["zty"] = {"Yatee Zapotec"}, ["zuh"] = {"Tokano"}, ["zum"] = {"Kumzari"}, ["zun"] = {"Zuni"}, ["zuy"] = {"Zumaya"}, ["zwa"] = {"Zay"}, ["zxx"] = {"No linguistic content", "Not applicable"}, ["zyb"] = {"Yongbei Zhuang"}, ["zyg"] = {"Yang Zhuang"}, ["zyj"] = {"Youjiang Zhuang"}, ["zyn"] = {"Yongnan Zhuang"}, ["zyp"] = {"Zyphe Chin"}, ["zza"] = {"Zaza", "Dimili", "Dimli (macrolanguage)", "Kirdki", "Kirmanjki (macrolanguage)", "Zazaki"}, ["zzj"] = {"Zuojiang Zhuang"} } local deprecated = { ["bh"] = {"Rungkun basa Bihari"}, ["in"] = {"Indonésia"}, ["iw"] = {"Ibrani"}, ["ji"] = {"Yiddi"}, ["jw"] = {"Jawa"}, ["mo"] = {"Moldavia", "basa Moldova"}, ["aam"] = {"Aram"}, ["adp"] = {"Adap"}, ["agp"] = {"Paranan"}, ["ais"] = {"Nataoran Amis"}, ["ajp"] = {"Arab Levant Kidul"}, ["ajt"] = {"Aran Yahudi Tunisia"}, ["aoh"] = {"Arma"}, ["asd"] = {"Asas"}, ["aue"] = {"ǂKxʼauǁʼein"}, ["ayx"] = {"Ayi (China)"}, ["ayy"] = {"Tayabas Ayta"}, ["baz"] = {"Tunen"}, ["bbz"] = {"Arab Kreol Babalia"}, ["bgm"] = {"Baga Mboteni"}, ["bhk"] = {"Albay Bicolano"}, ["bic"] = {"Bikaru"}, ["bij"] = {"Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri"}, ["bjd"] = {"Bandjigali"}, ["bjq"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bkb"] = {"Finallig"}, ["blg"] = {"Balau"}, ["bmy"] = {"Bemba (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["bpb"] = {"Barbacoas"}, ["btb"] = {"Beti (Kamerun)"}, ["btl"] = {"Bhatola"}, ["bxx"] = {"Borna (Républik Démokratik Kongo)"}, ["byy"] = {"Buya"}, ["cbe"] = {"Chipiajes"}, ["cbh"] = {"Cagua"}, ["cca"] = {"Cauca"}, ["ccq"] = {"Chaungtha"}, ["cdg"] = {"Chamari"}, ["cjr"] = {"Chorotega"}, ["cka"] = {"Khumi Awa Chin"}, ["cmk"] = {"Chimakum"}, ["coy"] = {"Coyaima"}, ["cqu"] = {"Chilean Quechua"}, ["cug"] = {"Chungmboko", "Cung"}, ["cum"] = {"Cumeral"}, ["daf"] = {"Dan"}, ["dap"] = {"Nisi (India)"}, ["dek"] = {"Dek"}, ["dgu"] = {"Degaru"}, ["dha"] = {"Dhanwar (India)"}, ["dit"] = {"Dirari"}, ["djl"] = {"Djiwarli"}, ["dkl"] = {"Kolum So Dogon"}, ["drh"] = {"Darkhat"}, ["drr"] = {"Dororo"}, ["drw"] = {"Darwazi"}, ["dud"] = {"Hun-Saare"}, ["duj"] = {"Dhuwal"}, ["dwl"] = {"Walo Kumbe Dogon"}, ["ekc"] = {"Eastern Karnic"}, ["elp"] = {"Elpaputih"}, ["emo"] = {"Emok"}, ["gav"] = {"Gabutamon"}, ["gbc"] = {"Garawa"}, ["gfx"] = {"Mangetti Dune ǃXung"}, ["ggn"] = {"Eastern Gurung"}, ["ggo"] = {"Southern Gondi"}, ["ggr"] = {"Aghu Tharnggalu"}, ["gio"] = {"Gelao"}, ["gji"] = {"Geji"}, ["gli"] = {"Guliguli"}, ["gti"] = {"Gbati-ri"}, ["guv"] = {"Gey"}, ["hrr"] = {"Horuru"}, ["iap"] = {"Iapama"}, ["ibi"] = {"Ibilo"}, ["ill"] = {"Iranun"}, ["ilw"] = {"Talur"}, ["ime"] = {"Imeraguen"}, ["izi"] = {"Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo"}, ["jar"] = {"Jarawa (Nigéria)"}, ["jeg"] = {"Jeng"}, ["kbf"] = {"Kakauhua"}, ["kdv"] = {"Kado"}, ["kgc"] = {"Kasseng"}, ["kgd"] = {"Kataang"}, ["kgh"] = {"Upper Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kgm"] = {"Karipúna"}, ["kjf"] = {"Khalaj [Indo-Iranian]"}, ["koj"] = {"Sara Dunjo"}, ["kox"] = {"Coxima"}, ["kpp"] = {"Paku Karen"}, ["krm"] = {"Krim"}, ["ksa"] = {"Shuwa-Zamani"}, ["ktr"] = {"Kota Marudu Tinagas"}, ["kvs"] = {"Kunggara"}, ["kwq"] = {"Kwak"}, ["kxe"] = {"Kakihum"}, ["kxl"] = {"Nepali Kurux"}, ["kxu"] = {"Kui (India)"}, ["kzh"] = {"Kenuzi-Dongola"}, ["kzj"] = {"Coastal Kadazan"}, ["kzt"] = {"Tambunan Dusun"}, ["lak"] = {"Laka (Nigéria)"}, ["lba"] = {"Lui"}, ["leg"] = {"Lengua"}, ["lii"] = {"Lingkhim"}, ["llo"] = {"Khlor"}, ["lmm"] = {"Lamam"}, ["lmz"] = {"Lumbee"}, ["lno"] = {"Lango (Sudan Kidul)"}, ["lsg"] = {"Basa Isarat Lyons"}, ["meg"] = {"Mea"}, ["mgx"] = {"Omati"}, ["mhh"] = {"Maskoy Pidgin"}, ["mja"] = {"Mahei"}, ["mld"] = {"Malakhel"}, ["mnt"] = {"Maykulan"}, ["mof"] = {"Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett"}, ["mst"] = {"Cataelano Mandaya"}, ["mvm"] = {"Muya"}, ["mwd"] = {"Mudbura"}, ["mwj"] = {"Maligo"}, ["mwx"] = {"Mediak"}, ["mwy"] = {"Mosiro"}, ["myd"] = {"Maramba"}, ["myi"] = {"Mina (India)"}, ["myq"] = {"Forest Maninka"}, ["myt"] = {"Sangab Mandaya"}, ["nad"] = {"Nijadali"}, ["nbf"] = {"Naxi"}, ["nbx"] = {"Ngura"}, ["ncp"] = {"Ndaktup"}, ["ngo"] = {"Ngoni"}, ["nln"] = {"Durango Nahuatl"}, ["nlr"] = {"Ngarla"}, ["nns"] = {"Ningye"}, ["nnx"] = {"Ngong"}, ["nom"] = {"Nocamán"}, ["noo"] = {"Nootka"}, ["nte"] = {"Nathembo"}, ["nts"] = {"Natagaimas"}, ["nxu"] = {"Narau"}, ["ome"] = {"Omejes"}, ["oun"] = {"ǃOǃung"}, ["pat"] = {"Papitalai"}, ["pbz"] = {"Palu"}, ["pcr"] = {"Panang"}, ["pgy"] = {"Pongyong"}, ["pii"] = {"Pini"}, ["plj"] = {"Polci"}, ["plp"] = {"Palpa"}, ["pmc"] = {"Palumata"}, ["pmk"] = {"Pamlico"}, ["pmu"] = {"Mirpur Panjabi"}, ["pod"] = {"Ponares"}, ["ppa"] = {"Pao"}, ["ppr"] = {"Piru"}, ["prb"] = {"Lua'"}, ["prp"] = {"Parsi"}, ["pry"] = {"Pray 3"}, ["puk"] = {"Pu Ko"}, ["puz"] = {"Purum Naga"}, ["rie"] = {"Rien"}, ["rmr"] = {"Caló"}, ["rna"] = {"Runa"}, ["rsi"] = {"Basa Isarat Rennell"}, ["sap"] = {"Sanapaná"}, ["sca"] = {"Sansu"}, ["sdm"] = {"Semandang"}, ["sgl"] = {"Sanglechi-Ishkashimi"}, ["sgo"] = {"Songa"}, ["skk"] = {"Sok"}, ["slq"] = {"Salchuq"}, ["smd"] = {"Sama"}, ["snb"] = {"Sebuyau"}, ["snh"] = {"Shinabo"}, ["sul"] = {"Surigaonon"}, ["sum"] = {"Sumo-Mayangna"}, ["svr"] = {"Savara"}, ["szd"] = {"Seru"}, ["tbb"] = {"Tapeba"}, ["tdu"] = {"Tempasuk Dusun"}, ["tgg"] = {"Tangga"}, ["thc"] = {"Tai Hang Tong"}, ["thw"] = {"Thudam"}, ["thx"] = {"The"}, ["tid"] = {"Tidong"}, ["tie"] = {"Tingal"}, ["tkk"] = {"Takpa"}, ["tlw"] = {"South Wemale"}, ["tmk"] = {"Northwestern Tamang"}, ["tmp"] = {"Tai Mène"}, ["tne"] = {"Tinoc Kallahan"}, ["tnf"] = {"Tangshewi"}, ["toe"] = {"Tomedes"}, ["tpw"] = {"Tupí"}, ["tsf"] = {"Southwestern Tamang"}, ["unp"] = {"Worora"}, ["uok"] = {"Uokha"}, ["uun"] = {"Kulon-Pazeh"}, ["vki"] = {"Ija-Zuba"}, ["wgw"] = {"Wagawaga"}, ["wit"] = {"Wintu"}, ["wiw"] = {"Wirangu"}, ["wra"] = {"Warapu"}, ["wrd"] = {"Warduji"}, ["wya"] = {"Wyandot"}, ["xba"] = {"Kamba (Brasil)"}, ["xbx"] = {"Kabixí"}, ["xia"] = {"Xiandao"}, ["xip"] = {"Xipináwa"}, ["xkh"] = {"Karahawyana"}, ["xrq"] = {"Karranga"}, ["xss"] = {"Assan"}, ["xtz"] = {"Tasmania"}, ["ybd"] = {"Yangbye"}, ["yds"] = {"Basa Isarat Yiddi"}, ["yen"] = {"Yendang"}, ["yiy"] = {"Yir Yoront"}, ["yma"] = {"Yamphe"}, ["ymt"] = {"Mator-Taygi-Karagas"}, ["ynh"] = {"Yangho"}, ["yol"] = {"Yola"}, ["yos"] = {"Yos"}, ["yri"] = {"Yarí"}, ["yuu"] = {"Yugh"}, ["zir"] = {"Ziriya"}, ["zkb"] = {"Koibal"}, ["zua"] = {"Zeem"} } return { active = active, deprecated = deprecated, } s5qtwrpxxlt10mg5365syble154j48l 0 98234 730009 712962 2026-10-08T12:30:41Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox|child={{Yesno|{{{embed|no}}}}}|bodyclass=vcard|bodystyle=width:26em|titleclass=fn summary|title=Michael Jordan|image={{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|Michael Jordan in 2014.jpg}}}|size={{{image_size|{{{width|}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt={{{alt|}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}}|caption={{{caption|Michael Jordan di taun 2014}}} <tr><th colspan=2 style="font-weight:{{{3|bold}}};text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;background-color:{{{color|red{{{2|}}}}}};"> <div style="margin:0 4em">{{{1|Personal Info}}}</div> </th></tr>|label2=Pakasaban|data2=Manten pamaén basket NBA, manten pamaén bésbol, béntang iklan, pangusaha, pamilik kleub Charlotte Hornetts|class2=role|label6=Weton|data6={{br separated entries|{{{birth_date|17 Pébruari 1963}}}|{{{birth_place|Kota New York, New York}}}}}|label8=Kabangsaan|data8=Amérika|label9=Jangkung|data9=1.98 m|label10=Beurat|data10=98 kg|label11=Bapa|data11=James R. Jordan SR.|label12=Ibu|data12=Deloris|label13=Dulur|data13=Larry Jordan, James R. Jordan JR., Deloris (lanceuk)<br> Roslyn (adi)|label14=Geureuha|data14=Juanita Vanoy (1989-2006) <br> Yvette Prieto (2013-Kiwari)|label15=Anak|data15=Jefrey, Marcus, Jasmin, Victoria jeung Ysabel <tr><th colspan=2 style="font-weight:{{{3|bold}}};text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;background-color:{{{color|red{{{2|}}}}}};"> <div style="margin:0 4em">{{{1|Info Karir}}}</div>|label16=SLA|data16=Emsley A. Laney (Wilmington, North Carolina)|label17=Kampus|data17=North Carolina|label18=Draft NBA|data18=1984; pilihan katilu; dipilih ku Chicago Bulls|label21=Karir Maén|data21=1984–1993, 1995–1998, 2001–2003|label23=Posisi|data23=''Shooting Guard''|label24=Nomer|data24=23, 45 <tr><th colspan=2 style="font-weight:{{{3|bold}}};text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;background-color:{{{color|red{{{2|}}}}}};"> <div style="margin:0 4em">{{{1|Sajarah Karir}}}</div>|label25=1988-1989|data25=[[Chicago Bulls]] |label26=1994-1995 |data26=Birmingham Barons & Scottsdale Scorpions (Liga Bésbol) |label27=1995-1998 |data27=Chicago Bulls |label28=2000 |data28=Washington Wizards (ofisial) |label29=2001-2003 |data29=Washington Wizards <tr><th colspan=2 style="font-weight:{{{1|bold}}};text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;background-color:{{{color|red{{{2|}}}}}};"> <div style="margin:0 4em">{{{1|Préstasi}}}</div> |data30 = <div style="text-align: left;"> <div style="background-color:yellow;"> * 6× Juara NBA (1991–1993, 1996–1998) * 6× MPV Final NBA (1991–1993, 1996–1998) * 5× NBA ''Most Valuable Player'' (1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1998) * 14× ''NBA All-Star'' (1985–1993, 1996–1998, 2002, 2003) * 3× ''NBA All-Star'' Tanding MVP (1988, 1996, 1998) * 10× Tim Kahiji Kabéh NBA (1987–1993, 1996–1998) * Tim Kadua Kabéh NBA (1985) * Pamaén Batahan NBA Taun Ieu (1988) * 9× Tim Kahiji Kabéh Pamaén Batahan NBA (1988–1993, 1996–1998) * ''Rookie'' Taun Ieu NBA (1985) * Tim Kabéh ''Rookie'' NBA (1985) * 10× juara nyitak angka NBA (1987–1993, 1996–1998) * 3× juara ''steal'' NBA (1988, 1990, 1993) * 2× juara pasanggiri Slam Dunk NBA (1987, 1988) * No. 23 dipatrikeun ku Chicago Bulls * No. 23 dipatrikeun ku Miami Heat * 3× Atlét Taun Ieu AP (1991–1993) * Olahragawan Taun Ieu ''Sports Illustrated'' (1991) * Tim Sapanjang Mangsa Tepung Taun NBA ka-50 * juara NCAA (1982) * pamaén kampus taun ieu konsénsus nasional (1984) * 2× tim kahiji kabéh Amérika konsénsus (1983, 1984) * Pamaén Taun Ieu ACC (1984) * 2× tim kahiji Kabéh ACC (1983, 1984) * ''Rookie'' Taun Ieu ACC (1982) * No. 23 dipatrikeun ku Universitas Karolina Kalér * 2× Atlét Lalaki Bal Baskét AS taun ieu (1983, 1984) * Madali Kamerdékaan Présidén (2016) * Madali Emas Bal Baskét Olimpiade Los Angeles (1984) * Madali Emas Bal Baskét Olimpiade Barcelona (1992) * Madali Emas Kajuaraan FIBA, Portland (1992) * Madali Emas Bal Baskét ''Pan American Games'' Caracas (1983) </div></div> <tr><th colspan=2 style="font-weight:{{{3|bold}}};text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;background-color:{{{color|red{{{2|}}}}}};"> <div style="margin:0 4em">{{{1|Statistik}}}</div> |label32 = Poin |data32 = 32.292 (30,1 ppm) |label33 = ''Rebound'' |data33 = 6.672 (6,2 rpm) |label34 = ''Assist'' |data34 = 5.633 (5.3 apm) }} '''Michael Jeffrey Jordan''' (weton 17 Pébruari 1963), kawentar ogé ku inisialna, '''MJ''',<ref>Rein, Kotler and Shields, k. 173.</ref> manten pamaén baskét profésional Amérika sarta pamilik utama tim ''National Basketball Association'' ([[NBA]]) / Liga Basket Amérika, [[Charlotte Hornets]]. Manéhna maén di 15 musim NBA, meunangkeun genep gelar juara bareng jeung [[Chicago Bulls]]. Manéhna téh minangka salah sahiji atlét dina générasina nu panglarisna di dunia marketing sarta dianggap geus jadi waditra dina ngapopulérkeun NBA ka sakuliah dunya dina mangsa 1980-an jeung 1990-an. Jordan maén tilu musim pikeun palatih Déan Smith jeung North Carolina Tar Heels. Minangka jalma anyar, manéhna asup anggota tim kajuaraan nasional Tar Heel taun 1982. Jordan gabung jeung Bulls taun 1984 minangka pilihan pamaén katilu. Teu kungsi lila manéhna mucunghul jadi béntang liga sarta ngahibur pamiarsa ku kasuburanna nyitak sekor. Kamampuanna ngalayang, diebrehkeun ku pidangan ''slam dunks'' tina garis ngalung bébas dina pasanggiri ''Slam Dunk'', ngajadikeun manéhna meunang landian '''Air Jordan''' jeung '''His Airness'''. Manéhna gé meunangkeun réputasi minangka pamaén batahan pangpunjulna.<ref name="defensive players">Berkow, Ira. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFDF143AF936A25755C0A967958260 "Sports of The Times; Air Jordan And Just Plain Folks"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 15 Juni 1991. Diakses tanggal 11 Pébruari 2009.</ref> Taun 1991, manéhna meunangkeun juara NBA bareng jeung Bulls sarta parat nepi ka taun 1992 jeung 1993, ngajadikeun hiji "''three-peat''" (sebutan pikeun tilu kali juara noron). Najan teu gugur teu angin eureun ti NBA taun 1993, jeung biluk ka liga minor baseball, manéhna balik deui ka Bulls dina Bulan Maret 1995 sarta meunangkeun deui tilu kali juara di taun 1996, 1997 jeung 1998 sarta rékor 72 kali meunang dina musim 95-96. Jordan eureun deui taun 1999, tapi balik deui pikeun dua musim ti taun 2001 nepi ka 2003 minangka anggota [[Washington Wizards]]. Panghargaan jeung beubeunangan individual Jordan di antarana genep ''Most Valuable Player'' (MPV) Final NBA, sapuluh kali juara nyitak angka (duanana rékor sapanjang waktu), lima panghargaan MVP, 10 rancangan Tim Kahiji Kabéh-Béntang NBA, 9 pangajén pamaén batahan Tim-Kabéh, 14 kali pilihan NBA Kabéh Béntang, 3 kali panghargaan MPV Tandang Kabéh Béntang, tilu gelar ''steals'' (ngarebut bola) sarta panghargaan Pamaén Batahan NBA Taun Ieu 1988. Manéhna nyepeung rata-rata sekor pangluhurna dina musim régulér (30,12 poin per maén) ogé rata-rata sekor pangluhurna dina ''playoff'' (babak lanjutan) (33,45 poin per maén). Taun 1999, manéhna disebut minangka atlét Amérika Kalér panghadéna di abad 20 ku ESPN, sarta kadua sahandapeun [[Babe Ruth]] dina daptar ''Associated Press''. Jordan dua kali diasupkeun kana Dinding Panghargaan ''Naismith Memorial Basketball'', ku alatan karirna nu nyongcolang taun 2009 sarta taun 2010 minangka anggota tim bola baskét Olimpiade AS 1993 ("tim impian"). Manéhna asup kana Dinding Panghargaan FIBA taun 2015. Jordan ogé kawentar ku iklan podukna. Manéhna jadi pangrojong kasuksésan sapatu Air Jordan [[Nike]] nu dikaluarkeun taun 84 sarta tetep populér nepi ka kiwari.<ref name="remain popular">Skidmore, Sarah. [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2004116738_airjordan10.html "23 years later, Air Jordans maintain mystique"], ''[[The Seattle Times]]'', 10 Janurari 2008. Diaksés tanggal 12 Pébruari 2009.</ref> Taun 1996 Jordan maén dina filem ''Space Jam'' salaku dirina sorangan. Taun 2006, manéhna milu miboga sarta jadi pupuhu operasional bola baskét Charlotte Bobcats (kiwari Hornets), tur tuluy meuli saham mayoritas taun 2010. Taun 2014, Jordan jadi pamaén jutawan munggaran dina sajarah NBA. Manéhna jadi urang Amérika-Afika pangbeungharna katilu, sahandapeun [[Robert F. Smith]] jeung [[Oprah Winfrey]]. == Wanci ngora == Jordan lahir di Kota New York, [[New York]], anak ti Deloris, karyawati bank, jeung James R. Jordan Sr., supervisor pakakas. Kulawargana pindah ka Wilmington, North Carolina wanci manéhna keur léléngkah halu kénéh.<ref name="a toddler">[http://www.23jordan.com/bio1.htm Michael Jordan biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402163706/http://23jordan.com/bio1.htm |date=2016-04-02 }}, 23jordan.com. Diaksés 23 Nopémber 2007.</ref> Jordan téh budak kaopat tina lima sadulur. Manéhna boga dua lanceuk lalaki, Larry Jordan jeung James R. Jordan, Jr., hiji lanceuk awéwé, Deloris sarta hiji adi awéwé, Roslyn. James pangsiun taun 2006 minangka Sersan Mayor Komando Brigade Sinyal 35 [[:en:XVIII Airborne Corps|XVIII Airborne Corps]] Angkatan Bersenjata AS.<ref>Associated Press, [https://web.archive.org/web/20060529123711/http://www.charlotte.com/mld/observer/news/local/14588539.htm "Michael Jordan's big brother ends Army career"], charlotte.com, 16 Méi 2006. Diaksés 9 Méi 2017.</ref> == Karir SLA == [[Gambar:Michael Jordan - Laney High School 1980 - 02.jpg|ka|jmpl| Jordan slam dunk keur tim baskét SLA Laney, 1979-80]] Jordan asup ka Sakola Lanjutan Atas Emsley A. Laney di Wilmington. Manéhna nyoba asup ka tim baskét sakola dina mangsa taun kadua sakolana. Tapi jangkung 5'11" (1,8m) dianggap pendék kénéh pikeun maén dina tingkatan éta. Baturna mah nu jangkung, [[Harvest Leroy Smith]], kapilih minangka hiji-hijina budak kelas dua nu asup kana tim.<ref name="halb">Halberstam, pp. 20–21.</ref><ref name="varsity">Poppel, Seth. [http://www.newsweek.com/missing-cut-382954 "Michael Jordan Didn't Make Varsity—At First"], ''Newsweek'', 17 Oktober 2015. Diaksés 28 Juni, 2017.</ref> Kajurung ku hayang ngabuktikeun pangabisana, Jordan jadi béntang dina tim sakola yunior Laney, sarta ngabukukeun sababaraha kali poin 40.<ref name="halb">Halberstam, pp. 20–21.</ref><ref name="varsity"/> Usum panas hareupna, manéhna tuwuh 4 inchi (10&nbsp;cm) sarta keyeng latihan. Nalika kapilih kana tim sakola, Jordan nyitak poin rata-rata leuwih ti 25 poin per maén (ppm), dina sesa dua musim di sakolana.<ref name="school">[https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jordami01/jordan-high-school-amateur-exhibition.html Michael Jordan – High School, Amateur, and Exhibition Stats], basketball-reference.com. Diakses tanggal 17/12/2018.</ref> Salaku senior, manéhna kapilih maén dina ''McDonald's All-American Game'' taun 1981 sarta nyitak 30 poin.<ref name="school2">[https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jordami01/jordan-high-school-amateur-exhibition.html Michael Jordan – High School, Amateur, and Exhibition Stats], basketball-reference.com. Diaksés 17 Désember 2018.</ref> Jordan kajojo ku mangpirang-pirang program baskét kampus, kaasup Duke, North Carolina, South Carolina, Syracuse jeung Virginia.<ref>Halberstam, kk. 67–68.</ref> Taun 1981, Jordan narima béasiswa ti Universitas Carolina Kalér di Chapel Hill, di mana manéhna nyokot widang géografi budaya.<ref>Halberstam, pp. 67–68.</ref> == Karir kampus == [[Gambar:Michael Jordan UNC Jersey cropped.jpg|kiri|jmpl| Kaos nomer 23 Jordan di antara nu séjénna dina kaso-kaso Séntra Dean Smith]] Minangka jalma anyar dina sistem oriéntasi tim palatih Déan Smith, manéhna kapilih jadi Pamaén Anyar Taun Ieu ''Atlantic Coast Conference'' (ACC) sanggeus nyieun rata-rata 13,4 ppm dina 53,4% témbakan (persentase gul lapangan).<ref name="dbb"/> Salila tilu musim bareng jeung Tar Heels, manéhna nyieun rata-rata 17,7 ppm tina 54% témbakan, sarta katambah ku 5,0 ''rebound'' (meunang bola muntah) per maén (rpm).<ref>qtd. in Lazenby, Roland. "Michaelangelo: Portrait of a Champion". ''Michael Jordan: The Ultimate Career Tribute''. Bannockburn, Illinois: H&S Media, 1999. k. 128.</ref> Manéhna kapilih sacara konsensus kana tim kahiji NCAA All-American, boh mangsa tingkat dua (1983) ogé mangsa yunior (1984). Sabada meunangkeun panghargaan Pamaén Taun Ieu ti Kampus Naismith jeung Wooden di taun 1984, Jordan ninggalkeun North Carolina sataun méméh lulus pikeun asup ka draft NBA 1984. Chicago Bulls milih Jordan minangka pilihan katilu saeunggeus [[Hakeem Olajuwon]] ([[Houston Rockets]]) jeung Sam Bowie (Portland Trail Blazers). Alesanna alatan harita tim nu dua keur merlukeun pamaén téngah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trail Blazers don't regret bypassing Jordan|date=26 Nopémber 1984|first=David|last=DuPree|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|page=6C}}</ref> Najan kitu manajer Trail Blazers Stu Inman nyangkal yén éta téh lain alatan masalah pamaén tengah, tapi lantaran Portland geus mibanda [[Clyde Drexler]], nu mangrupa ''guard'' nu sarua kamampuanna jeung Jordan. ESPN, nyabit-nyabit beban cidéra Bowie dina karir kampusna, nyebutkeun yén pilihan Blazers ka Bowie téh minangka pilihan draft panggoréng-goréngna dina sajarah olahraga profésional Amérika.<ref>Schoenfield, David. [http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=schoenfield/060427 The 100 worst draft picks ever], ESPN. Diaksés 20/10/2013.</ref> Jordan mulang deui ka North Carolina di taun 1986 pikeun méréskeun kuliahna.<ref>Morris, Mike. "The Legend: A Highlight-Reel History of the NBA's Greatest Player". ''Michael Jordan: The Ultimate Career Tribute''. Bannockburn, Illinois: H&S Media, 1999. k. 67.</ref> Manéhna tuluy lulus taun éta kénéh dileler ku gelar ''Bachelor of Arts'' di widang géografi.<ref>Fogel, Anna. [https://nesn.com/2014/01/michael-jordans-college-transcript-reveals-he-took-beginning-tennis-majored-in-geography-now-up-for-auction/ "Michael Jordan’s College Transcript Reveals He Took Beginning Tennis, Majored in Geography"], New England Sports Network, 10 Januari 2014. Diaksés 27 Juli 2018.</ref> == Karir profésional == === Taun-taun awal NBA (1984-1987) === Mangsa musim ''rookie''-na bareng jeung Bulls, Jordan nyitak rata-rata 28,2 ppm tina 51,5% témbakan,<ref name="dbb2">[http://www.databasebasketball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=JORDAMI01 Michael Jordan], databaseBasketball.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090222083636/http://www.databasebasketball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=JORDAMI01 Archived] tina nu asli tanggal 10 Januari 2009. Diaksés 9 Juli 2019.</ref> sarta ngarojong timna pikeun meunangkeun 35% tanding dina awal tilu musim babak ''playoff''. Teu kungsi lila manéhna jadi kameumeut bobotoh, malahan mah bobotoh musuhna ogé.<ref>Goldaper, Sam. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/19/sports/jordan-dazzles-crowd-at-garden.html "Jordan dazzles crowd at Garden"], ''The New York Times'', 19/10/1984. Diaksés 7/03/2007.</ref><ref name="Garden">Johnson, Roy S. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/09/sports/jordan-led-bulls-romp-before-19252.html "Jordan-Led Bulls Romp Before 19,252"], ''The New York Times'', 09/09/1984. Diaksés 07/11/2007.</ref> Dina bulan Nopémber, Roy S. Johnson ti ''New York Times'' ngagambarkeun dirina minangka "''rookie'' fenomenal ti Bulls".<ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/title/driven-from-within/oclc/62079948 Driven From Within], WorldCat. Diaksés 3 Januari 2019.</ref> Jordan gé dina bulan Désémber kapajang dina sampul majalah ''Sport Illustrated'' nu ''head line''-na "Hiji Bintang geus Lahir".<ref name="Jordan dazzles crowd at Garden">Goldaper, Sam. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/19/sports/jordan-dazzles-crowd-at-garden.html "Jordan dazzles crowd at Garden"], ''The New York Times'', 19/10/1984. Diaksés 07/03/2007.</ref><ref name="Jordan dazzles crowd at Garden"/> Bobotoh gé milih Jordan minangka ''starter All Star'' mangsa musim ''rookie'' manéhna.<ref name="nbah">[http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_bio.html Michael Jordan], National Basketball Association. Diaksés 15 Januari 2007.</ref> Kaluar kontrovérsi méméh tanding ''All-Star'' nalika para pamaén véteran - diluluguan ku [[Isiah Thomas]] - saririk kana perhatian ka Jordan.<ref name="nbah" /> Hal ieu ngakibatkeun Jordan teu dipiroséa. Nalika maén Jordan tara dibéréan bal.<ref name="nbah" /> Kajadian éta teu mangaruhan Jordan, sarta Jordan kapilih jadi ''Rookie'' Taun Ieu.<ref name="nba.combio2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070109104338/http://www.nba.com/playerfile/michael_jordan/bio.html Michael Jordan bio], National Basketball Association. Diaksés 9 Mei 2017.</ref> Bulls nganggeuskeun musim éta ku 38-44<ref name="dbbulls">[http://www.databasebasketball.com/teams/teampage.htm?tm=CHI&lg=N Chicago Bulls (1966 –)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014212808/http://databasebasketball.com/teams/teampage.htm?tm=CHI&lg=n |date=2007-10-14 }}, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071014212808/http://databasebasketball.com/teams/teampage.htm?tm=CHI&lg=n%7Cdate%3DOctober 14, 2007], databasebasketball.com. Diaksés 9 Juni 2017.</ref> sarta éléh opat kali ti ''Milwaukee Bucks'' dina opat tanding babak ''playoff''.<ref name="nba.combio2"/> Jordan teu kebat maén lila dina musim kadua alatan cidera dina tanding katilu taun éta, ngakibatkeun Jordan leungiteun 64 tanding.<ref name="nba.combio2"/> Najan Jordan cidera, Bulls bisa lolos kénéh ka babak ''playoffs'' ku catetan 30-52, mangrupa posisi kalima pangbututna dina sajarah tim nu lolos ''playoffs''.<ref name="dbbulls2">[http://www.databasebasketball.com/teams/teampage.htm?tm=CHI&lg=N Chicago Bulls (1966 –)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014212808/http://databasebasketball.com/teams/teampage.htm?tm=CHI&lg=n |date=2007-10-14 }}, databasebasketball.com. Diaksés 9 Juni 2017.</ref><ref>"Worst Records of Playoff Teams", ''[[The Sporting News]]'' (April 28, 1986), p. 46.</ref> Jordan cageur pas dina waktuna pikeun ngiluan tanding pasca musim sarta bisa maén alus. Ngalawan [[Boston Celtics]] nu disebut-sebut minangka salah sahiji tim panghadéna dina sajarah NBA,<ref name="topteams">[http://www.nba.com/history/toptenteams_index.html Top 10 Teams in NBA History], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628190654/http://www.nba.com/history/toptenteams_index.html |date=2011-06-28 }}, National Basketball Association. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> Jordan hasil nyitak 63 poin dina tandang kadua babak ''playoff''.<ref name="nbadisguised">[http://www.nba.com/history/jordan63_moments.html God Disguised as Michael Jordan], National Basketball Association. Diaksés 17 Januari 2007.</ref> Sanajan kitu Celtics meunang dina kasuluruhan tanding séjénna.<ref name="nba.combio2"/> Jordan geus bener-bener sabihara-bihari dina musim 1986-87<ref>Porter, p. 34.</ref> sarta hasil nyitak sekor pangsubur-suburna dina sajarah NBA. Manéhna jadi hiji-hijina pamaén sajaba ti [[Wilt Chamberlain]] nu hasil nyitak 3.000 poin dina samusim, nyieun rata-rata liga pangluhurna 37,1 poin tina 48,2% témbakan.<ref name="dbb3">[http://www.databasebasketball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=JORDAMI01 Michael Jordan], databaseBasketball.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090222083636/http://www.databasebasketball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=JORDAMI01 Archived] from the original on 22 Pébruari 2009. Diaksés 9 Juli 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/pts_season.html NBA & ABA Single Season Leaders and Records for Points], basketball-reference.com. Diaksés 20 Juli 2018.</ref> Jordan ogé nembongkeun kakuatan batahanna nalika manéhna jadi pamaén munggaran dina sajarah NBA nu ngabukukeun 200 ''steals'' jeung 100 ''block shot'' dina samusim<ref name="WashingtonPost05-26-1988">"Jordan Adds Most Valuable Player Award to Honors", ''The Washington Post'' (May 26, 1988), p. D8.</ref>. Najan Jordan sakitu onjoyna, [[Magic Johnson]] kapilih jadi ''Most Valuable Player'' (MPV). Bulls hasil 40 kali meunang,<ref name="dbbulls2"/> sarta laju ka ''playoff'' pikeun tilu taun noron, tapi sakali deui disisihkeun ku Celtics.<ref name="nba.combio2"/> === Hahalang Pistons (1987-1990) === [[Gambar:BudLightDaredevils and Michael Jordan.jpg|jmpl|Jordan (tengah) taun 1987]] Jordan mingpin deui dina nyitak angka mangsa musim 1987-88, nyieun rata-rata 35,0 ppm tina 53,5% témbakan<ref name="dbb"/> sarta meunang panghargaan MVP kali kahijina. ogé meunangkeun Pamaén Batahan Taun Ieu, ku rata-rata 1,6 blok jeung pangluhurna dina liga 3,6 ''steals'' per maén (spm).<ref name="MJ">[http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_stats.html Michael Jordan statistics], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212053614/http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_stats.html |date=2012-12-12 }}, National Basketball Association. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> Bulls nganggeuskeun babak panyisihan ku 50-32,<ref name="dbbulls2"/> sarta tuluy lolos putaran kahiji ''playoff'' sanggeus ngéléhkeun [[Cleveland Cavaliers]] ku lima kali tanding.<ref name="dbbulls2"/> Tapi Bulls tuluy éléh ku lima kali tanding ti tim nu leuwih pangalaman, [[Detroit Pistons]]<ref name="nba.combio">https://web.archive.org/web/20070109104338/http://www.nba.com/playerfile/michael_jordan/bio.html Michael Jordan bio, National Basketball Association. Diaksés 9 Méi 2017.</ref> nu diluluguan ku Isiah Thomas jeung kumpulan pamaén fisik nu kawentar kusebutan "''Bad Boys''" ("Barudak Baong").<ref>Halberstam, p. 235.</ref> Mangsa musim 1988-89, Jordan mingpin deui sekor liga ku rata-rata 32,5 ppm tina 53,8% témbakan, katambah ku 8 rpm jeung 8 apm.<ref name="dbb">[http://www.databasebasketball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=JORDAMI01 Michael Jordan], databaseBasketball.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090222083636/http://www.databasebasketball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=JORDAMI01 Archived] tina nu orisinil tanggal 22/02/2019. Diaksés 9/07/2019.</ref> Bulls nganggeuskeun ku catetan 47-35<ref name="dbbulls2"/> sarta tuluy laju semet ka Final Wilayah Wétan ngéléhkeun Cavaliers jeung [[New York Knicks]]. Tapi sakali deui Piston ngéléhkeun Bulls, ayeuna mah dina genep kali tanding,<ref name="nba.combio2"/> makémétodeu"Aturan Jordan" pikeun ngajaga Jordan, ku cara ngarempug dua atawa tilu tiap kali Jordan meunang bal.<ref name="nbah"/> Bulls ngawalan musim 1989-90 minangka tim nu keur nanjung. Dieusi ku grup inti angkatan Jordan jeung pamaén-pamaén ngora keur pangronjat saperti [[Scottie Pippen]] jeung [[Horace Grant]] sarta dilatih ku palatih anyar Phil Jackson. Jordan nyieun rata-rata 33,6 ppm tina 52,6%, 6,9 rpm jeung 6,3 apm,<ref name="dbb"/> ngajurung Bulls kana catetan 55-27.<ref name="dbbulls2"/> Sakali deui Bulls lolos ka Final Wilayah Wétan sanggeus ngéléhkeun Bucks jeung [[Philadelphia 76ers]]. Tapi, najan maksa musuhna maén 7 kali, Bulls éléh deui ku Pistons noron pikeun katlu kalina.<ref name="nba.combio2"/> === Nilu kalian (''three peat'') munggaran (1991-1993) === Mangsa musim 1990-91, Jordan meunangkeun panghargaan MVP kadua kalina sanggeus nyitak rata-rata point 31,5 ppm, rebound 6,0 jeung assist 5,5 dina musim régulér.<ref name="nba.combio2"/> Bulls nempatan posisi kahiji dina grupna pikeun kali kahijina dina 16 taun katukang. Ku mekarna Scottie Pippen nepi ka bisa asup ''All Star'', Bulls hasil ngaronjatkeun pamaénanna. Bulls ngéléhkeun New York Knicks jeung Philadelphia 76ers dina babak playoff. Asup deui ka final wilayah Wétan di mana musuhna Detroit Piston geus ngadodoho. Ayeuna mah Bulls hasil ngéléhkeun Pistons ku sapu bersih 4 kali tanding.<ref name="1990–91">[http://www.databasebasketball.com/teams/teamscores.htm?tm=CHI&yr=1990&lg=n Chicago Bulls 1990–91 Game Log and Scores], databasebasketball.com. Diaksés 9 Juni 2017.</ref><ref>Brown, Clifton. [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/28/sports/basketball-bulls-brush-aside-pistons-for-eastern-title.html Basketball; Bulls Brush Aside Pistons for Eastern Title], ''The New York Times'', 28 Mei 1991. Diaksés 8 April 2008.</ref> Bulls maju ka Final NBA pikeun kali kahijina dina sapanjang sajarahna, pikeun nyanghareupan Los Angeles Lakers, nu ngabogaan Magic Johnson jeung [[James Worthy]], dua lawan nu tanggoh. Bulls meunang opat kali ngalawan sakali éléh, sarta nyatetkeun 15-2 kali rékor ''playoff'' sajajalanna.<ref name="1990–91"/> Dina pintonan finalna, Jordan ngahasilkeun rata-rata 31,2 poin, 11,4 ''assist'', 6,6 ''rebounds'', 2,8 ''steals'' jeung 1,4 blok. Jordan meunangkeun panghargaan MPV Final NBA nu kahijina.<ref name="fnl2"/> Jordan jeung Bulls nuluykeun dominasina dina musim 1991-92, ngahasilkeun rékor 67-15, ngaleuwihan préstasina di taun 1990-91.<ref name="nba.combio2"/> Jordan meunangkeun panghargaan MVP pikeun kadua kalina ku rata-rata 30,1 poin, 6,4 ''rebound'' jeung 6,1 ''assist''.<ref name="MJ"/> Sanggeus ngéléhkeun New York Knicks ku tujuh kali tanding dina puteran kadua playoff sarta ngéléhkeun Cleveland Cavaliers dina Final Wilayah ku genep tanding, Bulls panggih jeung Clyde Drexler saparakanca ti Porland Trail Blazers di Final. Bulls ngéléhkeun Portland ku genep kali tanding, sarta Jordan kapilih jadi MVP Final pikeun kadua kalina, ku rata-rata nilai 35,8 poin, 4,8 ''rebound'' jeung 6,5 ''assist''.<ref name="fnl2"/> Musim, 1992-93, najan boga hasil alus dina babak régulér (32.6 ppm, 6,7 rpm jeung 5,5 apm), sarta nempatan posisi kadua dina voting Pamaén Batahan Taun Ieu,<ref name="MJ"/><ref>[https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/awards_1993.html 1992–93 NBA Awards Voting], basketball-reference.com. Diaksés 1 Séptémber, 2018.</ref> jalan Jordan pikeun nilu kalian noron jadi MPV dieureunan ku sobatna, [[Charles Barkley]]. Ku kabeneran, Jordan jeung Bulls panggih jeung Barkley jeung [[Phoenix Suns]] dina Final NBA. Bulls meunang ti Phoenix ku genep kali tanding.<ref name="nba.com">[http://www.nba.com/history/finals/19921993.html Paxson's Trey Propels Bulls Into NBA History], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025183404/http://www.nba.com/history/finals/19921993.html |date=2012-10-25 }}, National Basketball Association. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> Jordan ogé jadi pamaén munggaran nu hasil meunangkan MVP Final sacara noron 3 kali.<ref name="nba.com"/> Ti harita mimiti kaciri tanda-tanda Jordan mimiti bosen ku kaselebritianna nu tohaga sarta hal-hal nu ngaganggu ka manéhna di luar baskét.<ref>McCallum, Jack. [https://www.si.com/vault/1993/10/18/129606/michael-jordan-the-desire-isnt-there "'The Desire Isn't There'"], ''Sports Illustrated'', October 18, 1993. Diaksés 5 Maret 2017.</ref> === Reureuh kahiji jeung pancén dina Bésbol Liga Minor (1993-1994) === [[Gambar:Jordan Scorpions.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Jordan latihan bareng Scottsdale Scorpions di taun 1994]] Tanggal 6 Oktober 1993, Jordan ngabéwarakeun reureuhna, ngakuna geus horéam maén. Kadieunakeun, Jordan ngaku yén maotna bapana tilu bulan katukang ogé jadi tinimbang kana putusanna.<ref>Berkow, Ira. [http://partners.nytimes.com/library/sports/basketball/041194bkn-jordan.html "A Humbled Jordan Learns New Truths"], ''The New York Times'', April 11, 1994. Diaksés 16 Januari 2007.</ref> Bapana jordan aya nu nelasan tanggal 23 Juli 1993, di aréa istirahat jalan tol di Lumberton, Karolina Kalér. ku dua rumaja, Daniel Green jeung Larry Martin Demery, nu ngabajo mobil rajaponina nu maké plat nomern "UNC 0023".<ref>Martin, Andrew. [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-01-04/news/9601040169_1_daniel-andre-green-larry-martin-demery-defense-attorney-angus-thompson "'I Believe We Killed Jordan's Dad'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092822/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-01-04/news/9601040169_1_daniel-andre-green-larry-martin-demery-defense-attorney-angus-thompson |date=2014-04-07 }}, 4 Januari 1996. Diaksés 14 Nopémber 2017.</ref><ref name="charged">Janofsky, Michael (August 16, 1993). [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/16/sports/two-men-are-charged-with-murder-of-jordan.html "Two Men Are Charged With Murder Of Jordan"], ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 9 Pébruari 2017.</ref> Warugana dipiceun di hiji ranca di Karolina Kalér jeung teu kapanggih-panggih semet ka tanggal 3 Agustus.<ref name="charged" /> Panyerangna kapaluruh liwat panggilan telepon tina HP James Jordan.<ref name="query.nytimes.com">Mitchell, Alison. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7D8103CF931A1575BC0A965958260 The Nation; "So Many Criminals Trip Themselves Up"], ''The New York Times'', August 22, 1993. Diaksés 24 Maret 2008.</ref> Kadua nonoman éta dicerek, disidang sarta dihukum panjara saumur hirup. Jordan baheulana deukeut jeung bapana; wanci keur budak manéhna sok nurutan bapana nu sok ngelél bari tonggoy digawé. Jordan tuluy metakeun kalakuan éta téh minangka ciri dirina, dipintonkeun unggal-unggal manéhna ngajojo kana karanjang.<ref name="nbah"/> Taun 1996, manéhna ngadegkeun Klub Putra & Putri aréa Chicago sarta disérénkeun pikeun bapana.<ref name="query.nytimes.com"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=August 14, 1995|title=Michael Jordan, family attend groundbreaking ceremony for James Jordan Center|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA51#v=onepage&q&f=false|journal=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|volume=88|issue=14|pages=51–53|doi=|issn=0021-5996|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> Dina autobiografina taun 1988, ''For the Love of the Game'', Jordan nulis yén manéhna geus sasadiaan pikeun reureuh ti awal usum panas 1992 kénéh.<ref>Jordan, p. 100.</ref> Pangumuman Jordan matak ngareuwaskeun dunia NBA sarta dicetak dina halaman hareup koran-koran di sakuliah dunya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thomsen|first=Ian|last2=Rodgers|first2=Ted|date=October 18, 1993|title=Europe loses a role model; Even in countries where basketball is a minor pursuit, Jordan's profile looms large – includes related article on Jordan's stature in Japan|url=|journal=[[The Sporting News]]|volume=216|issue=16|page=35|doi=|issn=0038-805X|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> Jordan tuluy ngareuwaskeun deui dunya olahraga ku ngilu Bisbol Liga Minor asup ka Chicago White Sox dina tanggal 7 Pebruari 1994.<ref>''The Sporting News Official NBA Register 1994–95'', p. 334.</ref> Jordan nyatakeun putusanna téh pikeun ngundag cita-cita jenatna bapana nu sok nyawang budakna salaku pamaén Bisbol Liga Utama. White Sox téh tim anu dipiboga ogé ku pamilik Bulls, Jerry Reinsdorf nu ngaragangan nuluykeun kontrak baskét Jordan dina taun manéhna maén bisbol. === "''I'm back''": Mulang ka NBA (1995) === Musim 1993-1994, tanpa Jordan Bulls ngahasilkeun catetan 55-27, sarta kasoran ti New York Knicks dina puteran kadua playoff. Taun 1994-1995 masih kénéh maké tim juara dua taun katukang. Tihothat di tengah musim pikeun mastikeun satempat di babak playoffs. Niléi Chicago harit 31-31 di panengah bulan Maret. Untungna téh tim meunang pitulung ku nalika Jordan mutuskeun pikeun balik deui ka Bulls. Maret 1995, Jordan mutuskeun pikeun eureun tina bésbol alatan ayana mogok dina Liga Utama. Manéhna teu hayang disebut 'pamaén pangganti' (sesebutan pikeun atlét nu maén dina wanci mogok).<ref name="Lazenby, pp. 511–512">Lazenby, pp. 511–512.</ref> Tanggal 18 Maret 1995, Jordan ngumumkeun yén manéhna balik deui ka NBA ngaliwatan dua kecap nu dipedalkeun ku pers: "''I'm back''" ("Kuring mulang").<ref name="nba.combio2"/> Poé isukna Jordan tanding jeung Bulls ngalawan Indiana Pacers di Indianapolis sarta nyitak 19 poin.<ref name="Lazenby, pp. 511–512"/> Najan bisa maké kaos nomer 23, nu ongkoh geus dipatrikeun keur manéhna, Jordan malah maké nomer 45, nu dipaké ku manéhna wanci maén bésbol.<ref name="returns">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=April 3, 1995|title=Michael Jordan returns to Bulls in overtime loss to Indiana Pacers – Chicago Bulls|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA51|journal=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|volume=87|issue=21|pages=51–53|doi=|issn=0021-5996|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> Najan geus teu maén di NBA salila sataun satengah, Jordan masih maén alus. Jordan nyieun témbakan kameunangan ngalawan Atlanta dina tandang kaopatna. Dina tanding satuluyna ngalawan Knicks di Madison Square Garden tanggal 28 Maret 1995, Jordan nyitak 55 poin. Katunjang ku mulangna Jordan, Bulls lolos ti ''playoffs'' ku 13-4 sarta laju ka Semifinal Wilayah Wétan ngalawan Orlando Magic.<ref name="nba.combio2"/> Méméh tanding, Jordan mutuskeun rék maké deui nomor 23. Bulls didenda alatan teu ngalaporkeun panggantian nomer ka NBA.<ref name="No23">{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/blog/nba/post/_/id/2648/flashback-20-years-ago-today-anderson-forces-mj-back-to-no-23|title=Flashback: 20 years ago today, Anderson forces MJ back to No. 23|last1=Walks|first1=Matt|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=May 8, 2015|date=May 7, 2015}}</ref> Jordan ogé meunang denda tambahan lantaran milih maké sapatu bodas nalika baturna kabéh maraké sapatu hideung.<ref>Heisler, Mark. [http://articles.latimes.com/1995-05-12/sports/sp-65390_1_nba-fined-michael-jordan "NBA Fines Jordan for Shoes, Bulls for No. 23"], ''Los Angeles Times'', May 12, 1995. Diaksés 22 April 2017.</ref> Orlando antukna meunang ku genep kali tanding.<ref name="br">[https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jordami01.html Michael Jordan], basketball-reference.com. Diaksés 8 Pébruari 2008.</ref> Jordan kajurung sumangetna ku kasoranna dina playoff sarta suhud latihan pikeun musim 1995-1996. Bulls dipikuat ku tambahan tukang nga-rebound, Dennis Rodman, sarta mampu ngadominasi liga, ngawalan musim anyar ku 41-3. Antukna Bulls nganggeuskeun naon anu tuluy disebut rekor musim réguler panghadéna dina sajarah NBA, 72-10; rekor ieu téh karak peupeus dina 2015-2016 ku Golden State Warriors. Jordan mingpin liga ku rata-rata 30,4 ppm sarta meunangkeun MVP pikeun musim régulér jeung Tanding All-Star. Dina ''playoffs'', Bulls ngéléhkeun [[Miami Heat]] 3-0, New York Knicks 4-1 jeung Orlando Magic 4-0. Di final NBA, hasil ngéléhkeun [[Seattle Supersonics]] 4-2 pikeun jadi juara kaopat kalina. Jordan kapilih jadi MVP Final pikeun kaopat kalina ogé,<ref name="fnl2">[http://www.nba.com/history/finalsmvps.html Finals Most Valuable Player], National Basketball Association. Diaksés 6 Pébruari 2008.</ref> ngaliwatan Magic Johnson nu geus meunang tilu kali. Manéhna ogé jadi pamaén kadua tina ngan dua-duana pamaén nu hasil nyapu bersih kabéh panghargaan MVP sakaligus, ''All-Star'', régulér jeung Final NBA. Pamaén nu tiheula hasil nyaéta Willis Reed dina musim 1969-1970.<ref name="nba.combio2"/> Dina musim 1996-97, Bulls ngamimitian ku 69-11, tapi gagal pikeun kadua kalina meunang noron 70 kali lantaran éléh dina sésa dua tanding pamungkas, jadina réngsé ku 69-13.<ref name="1996–97">[http://www.databasebasketball.com/teams/teamscores.htm?tm=CHI&yr=1996&lg=n Chicago Bulls 1996–97 Game Log and Scores], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125082249/http://www.databasebasketball.com/teams/teamscores.htm?tm=CHI&yr=1996&lg=n|date=16 Januari 25, 2016}} databasebasketball.com. Diaksés 9 Juni 2017.</ref> Taun ieu Jordan teu jadi MPV lantaran éléh ku Karl Malone. Bulls maju deui ka final nyanghareupan Malone jeung Utah Jazz. Bulls meunang ku genep kali tanding. Pikeun ka lima kalina tina lima kali minton di Final, Jordan meunangkeun MVP Final. Wanci Tanding Kabéh Béntang, Jordan nyétak ''triple double'' munggaran dina sajarah Tanding NBA Kabéh Béntang. Najan kitu manéhna teu hasil meunangkeun MPV-na.<ref>Belock, Joe (11 Pébruari 2015). [http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/basketball/counting-2015-nba-all-star-game-article-1.2068667 "NBA All-Star Game's most memorable moments"], ''New York Daily News''. Diaksés June 5, 2016.</ref> [[Gambar:Phil Jackson Lipofsky.JPG|kiri|jmpl| Jordan jeung palatih Phil Jackson, 1997]] Bulls nutup musim 1997-1998 ku catetan 62-20.<ref name="dbbulls2"/> Jordan mingpin liga ku 28,7 ppm, ngamankeun gelar MVP jeung tempat di Tim Kahiji kabéh NBA, Tim Batahan Kahiji jeung MPV Laga All-Star. Bulls hasil jadi juara Wilayah Timur noron pikeun katilu kalina ku ngéléhkeun Indiana Pacers ku 7 kali tanding. Sanggeus meunang, Bulls maju deui pikeun tanding ulang ngalawan Jazz di Final NBA.<ref>Lazenby, p. 596.</ref> Tanggal 14 Juni 1998, Bulls balik deui ka Delta Center pikeun tandang ka genep ngalawan Jazz sanggeus mingpin 3-2. Jordan maén dina tandang ieu dina hiji laga nu dianggap paling ngageterkeun jajantung dina sajarah Final NBA.<ref name="clutch1998">[http://www.nba.com/playoffs2004/greatest_finals_moments.html Greatest Finals Moments], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411073901/http://www.nba.com/playoffs2004/greatest_finals_moments.html |date=2013-04-11 }}, National Basketball Association. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> Dina tandang ieu, nalika waktu ngan nyésa 5,2 detik deui Jordan ngajadikeun Chicago mingpin 87-86 ku hiji luncatan témbakan kameunangan, minangka témbakan klimaks dina karirna di Bulls. Satuluyna, John Stockton gagal nyitak dina témbakan tilu poin. Jordan jeung Bulls meunangkeun gelar juara NBA nu kagenep kalina sarta ''three peat'' nu kadua. Sakali deui Jordan kapilih jadi MVP Final,<ref name="fnl2"/> ku rata-rata sekor 33,5 ppm kaasup 45 poin penting dina laga kagenep final.<ref>Ryan, Jeff. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020523111455/http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/nbafinals/1998.html History of the NBA Finals: Chicago Bulls vs. Utah Jazz&nbsp;– 1998], sportingnews.com. Diaksés 9 Méi 2017.</ref> Genep kali meunangkeun MVP Final mangrupa hiji rékor; Magic Johnson, [[Shaquille O'Neal]], [[LeBron James]] jeung [[Tim Duncan]] aya dina posisi kadua, masing-masing tilu kali.<ref name="fnl2"/> === Reureuh kadua (1999-2001) === [[Gambar:Michael Jordan Achievements.jpg|jmpl|ornaménit Amérika Sarikat anu ngabéréndélkeum préstasi karir Jordan]] Ku béakna kontrak Phil Jackson, pibakaleun pindahna Scottie Pippen sarta nyongcolangna Dennis Rodaman, katambah-tambah ku ayana mogok ti pemilik klub, Jordan dina tanggal 13 Januari 1999 reureuh tina baskét pikeun kadua kalina.<ref>Kruger, pp. 55–56, 59.</ref><ref>Wise, Mike (16 Januari 19, 2002). [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/19/sports/pro-basketball-it-s-bitter-in-chicago-for-jordan.html "Pro Basketball; It's Bitter In Chicago For Jordan"], ''The New York Times''. Diaksés June 5, 2016.</ref><ref>Wise, Mike (16 Januari 21, 1999). [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/21/sports/pro-basketball-the-business-of-basketball-now-begins-in-earnest.html "Pro Basketball; The Business Of Basketball Now Begins In Earnest"], ''The New York Times''. Diaksés June 5, 2016.</ref> Tanggal 19 Januari 2000, Jordan balik deui ka NBA minangka pamilik sarta présidén operasional Washington Wizards.<ref>Sandomir, Richard. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04E4D9153DF933A15752C0A9669C8B63 Jordan Sheds Uniform for Suit as a Wizards Owner], ''The New York Times'', 20 Januari 2000. Diaksés 24 Maret 2008.</ref> Jordan nyepeng hiji tanggung jawab nu kompréhénsif. Manéhna ngontrol sagala aspék ngeunaan operasional baskét Wizard, sarta boga kawenangan ahir dina urusan pribadi.<ref name="Pollin">[http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/print?id=1550445 Pollin's decision to cut ties leaves Jordan livid], ESPN, 9 Méi 2003. Diaksés December 23, 2008.</ref> Sanajan ngaku dina bulan Januari 1999 yén manéha geus 99,9% yakin moal maén deui di NBA, dina usum panas 2001 Jordan ngébréhkeun kahayangna pikeun malikan deui,<ref name="ha-nytimes">Araton, Harvey. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F05E5DD133DF931A35753C1A9679C8B63 "Sports of The Times; Old Coach Rejoins Old Warrior"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 2 Oktober 2001. Diaksés 12 Pébruari 2009.</ref><ref name="jwhite-cbc">White, Joseph. [http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2001/09/23/jordan010923.html "Jordan comeback raises questions"], [[CBC.ca|cbc.ca]], September 23, 2001. Diaksés 12 Pébruari 2009.</ref> ayeuna mah jeung klub anyar. Kailhaman ku maén deuina Mario Lemieux di NHL dina usum tiis saméméhna.<ref>Associated Press. [http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/print?id=1258469&type=news Jordan watched Lemieux's comeback very closely], ESPN, 2 Oktober 2001. Diaksés 7 Maret 2007.</ref> Jordan nyéwa palatih Chicago Bulls baheula, Doug Collins, minangka palatih Washington pikeun musim hareupna. Hiji putusan nu dianggap ku sawatara jalma jadi alamat mulang deuina Jordan.<ref name="ha-nytimes" /><ref name="jwhite-cbc" /> === Mulang ka Washington Wizards (2001-2003) === [[Gambar:MichaelJordanDepOfDefense.jpg|jmpl|Jordan salaku anggota Washington Wizards, 14 April 2003]] Dina tanggal 25 Séptémber 2001, Jordan ngabéwarakeun mulang deuina ka NBA maén pikeun Washington Wizards, sarta ngébréhkeun kahayangna nyumbangkeun panghasilanna pikeun korban serangan 11 Séptémber. Dina musim 2001-2002 nu pinuh ku cidera, manéhna mingpin dina sekor tim (22,9 ppm), ''assists'' (5,2 apm) jeung ''steals'' (1,42 spm).<ref name="nbah"/> Najan kitu, soéh ''cartilage'' di tuur katuhuna ngeureunkeun pamaénan Jordan sanggeus ngan 60 kali maén.<ref name="dbb"/> Maen pikeun ka-14 kalina dina tanding Kabéh Bintang NBA di taun 2003, Jordan hasil ngunggulan [[Kareem Abdul Jabbar]] nu geus ti babaheula mingpin (najan tuluy peupeus deui ku [[Kobe Bryant]]).<ref>[http://www.nba.com/games/20120226/WSTEST/gameinfo.html?ls=iref:nbahpt1 Bryant, West hold on to win NBA All-Star game], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301060243/http://www.nba.com/games/20120226/WSTEST/gameinfo.html?ls=iref:nbahpt1|date=1 Maret 2012}}, National Basketball Association, 26 Pébruari 2012. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> Dina musim éta Jordan manjing umur 40 taun. Manéhna jadi pamaén umur 40 munggaran nu hasil ngahontal poin 43 dina hiji tanding NBA.<ref name="Jordan Pours in History-Making 43">[http://www.nba.com/games/20030221/NJNWAS/recap.html Jordan Pours in History-Making 43], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119023329/http://www.nba.com/games/20030221/NJNWAS/recap.html|date=16 Januari 19, 2012}}, National Basketball Association, 21 Pébruari 2003. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> Nalika wanci maénna nu heureut jeung Wizards, unggal Jordan maén kandang di MCI Center, tiketna béak-béak waé. Wizards ogé jadi tim kadua nu paling loba ditonton di NBA.<ref name="Jordan Pours in History-Making 43"/> Dina dua musim maén, Jordan gagal mawa Wizards lolos ka ''playoffs''. Jordan remen teu puas kana pamaénan babaturanna. Dina sababaraha kajadian, Jordan sacara kabuka ngritik batur maénna di média nyebutkeun yén maranéhna kurang fokus jeung kurang suhud, utamana pilihan kahiji dina draft NBA 2001, [[Kwame Brown]].<ref name="Rob">Maaddi, Rob. [https://www.usatoday.com/sports/nba/jordan/2001-11-29-frustration.htm Collins feels Jordan's pain], [[Associated Press]], ''USA Today'', November 29, 2001. Diaksés 11 Maret 2007.</ref><ref name="Chemistry">Associated Press. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070506074109/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/news/2003/04/12/jordan_follow_ap/ Bad chemistry left MJ unable to win in Washington], ''Sports Illustrated'', April 12, 2003. Diaksés 9 Méi 2017.</ref> Ku katohianna yén musim 2002-2003 bakal jadi panungtungan pikeun Jordan, panghormatan ti penonton disérénkeun ka manéhna salila liga NBA. Dina tanding pamungkasna di United Center di Chicago nu mangrupa kandang heubeulna, Jordan meunangkeun keprokan panghormatan salila 4 menit.<ref>Johnson, K. C. [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-01-25/sports/0301250189_1_chicago-stadium-ovation-johnny-red-kerr Lengthy ovation moves Jordan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204032702/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-01-25/sports/0301250189_1_chicago-stadium-ovation-johnny-red-kerr |date=2010-12-04 }}, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', 16 Januari 25, 2003. Diaksés 7 Oktober 2010.</ref> Miami Héat mangsiunkeun nomer kaos 23 dina tanggal 11 April 2003, najan Jordan teu kungsi maén di tim éta.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051126221405/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/news/2003/04/11/heat_jordan_ap/ Heat retires first number], ''Sports Illustrated'', April 11, 2003. Diaksés 9 Méi 2017.</ref> Dina laga Kabéh Bintang 2003 Jordan ditawaran tempat awal ku Tracy McGrady jeung [[Allen Iverson]],<ref>Associated Press. [https://web.archive.org/web/20030220041026/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/nba/2003/all_star/news/2003/02/08/jordan_decision_ap/?cnn=yes Thanks, but no thanks: Jordan not interested in ceremonial starting role], ''Sports Illustrated'', 8 Pébruari 2003. Diaksés 9 Méi 2017.</ref> tapi ku Jordan ditolak. Pamustunganna, manéhna narima tempat [[Vince Carter]] nu nyérénkeun tempatna alatan desekan publik.<ref>Zeisberger, Mike. [http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Basketball/NBA/Toronto/2004/12/18/788808-sun.html Vince's wild ride]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, slam.canoe.ca, December 18, 2004. Diaksés April 18, 2007.</ref> == Karir tim nasional == [[Gambar:Cazzaro Jordan.jpg|ka|jmpl| Jordan dina "Tim Impian" di 1992]] Jordan maén dina tim nasional Amérika nu meunangkeun dua kali madali emas Olimpiade. Manéhna gé meunangkeun madali emas nalika jadi pamaén kampus kénéh dina Olimpiade Musim Panas 1984. Tim éta dilatih ku Bob Knight jeung mintonkeun pamaén modél Patrick Ewing, Sam Perkins, Chris Mullin, Steve Alford jeung Wayman Tisdale. Jordan mingpin sekor tim ku rata-rata 17,1 ppm dina salila turnamén.<ref name="usbasket19842">[https://www.usab.com/history/national-team-mens/games-of-the-xxiiird-olympiad-1984.aspx Games of the XXIIIrd Olympiad&nbsp;– 1984], USA Basketball, Inc. Diaksés 26 Maret 2017.</ref> Dina Olimpiade Musim Panas 1992, manéhna jadi anggota pasukan nu marakbak ku béntang, kaasup Magic Johnson jeung Larry Bird nu tuluy meunang landian "Tim Impian". Jordan mangrupa hiji-hijina pamaén nu meunang tempat di awal maén dina dalapan kali tanding Olimpiade éta. Ngan Jordan, Ewing jeung Mullin wungkul pamaén baskét Amérika nu hasil meunang madali emas Olimpiade boh salaku pamaén amateur boh profésional.<ref name="usbasket19842"/><ref name="usbasket1992">[https://www.usab.com/history/national-team-mens/games-of-the-xxvth-olympiad-1992.aspx Games of the XXVth Olympiad&nbsp;– 1992] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429183112/http://www.usab.com/history/national-team-mens/games-of-the-xxvth-olympiad-1992.aspx |date=2015-04-29 }}, USA Basketball Inc. Diaksés 26 Maret 2017.</ref> == Pasca pangsiun == [[Gambar:MJ golf course.jpg|kiri|jmpl| Jordan di lapangan golep taun 2007]] Sanggeus reureuh katilukalina, Jordan sabenerna geus rumasa yén manéhna moal mampu balik deui kana posisina di kantor minangka Direktur Operasi Bal Baskét Wizards.<ref>Wise, Mike. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9501E3DE133CF937A35756C0A9659C8B63 "Pro Basketball; Jordan's Strained Ties to Wizards May Be Cut"], ''The New York Times'', 4 Méi 2003. Diaksés 12 Pébruari 2009.</ref> Tanggal 7 Méi 2003, nu boga Wizards, Abe Pollin mecat Jordan. Jordan satuluyna nyatakeun yén manéhna ngarasa dikhianatan, mun apal rék dipecat mah manéhna moal balik deui ka Wizards.<ref name="EB">[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/10/19/60minutes/main955628_page3.shtml Michael Jordan Still Flying High], CBS News, August 20, 2006. Diaksés 15 Januari, 2007.</ref> Jordan tetep ngajaga kasibukan dina minggu-minggu satuluyana. Manéhna tetep jagjag, maén golep dina turnamén amal sélébriti sarta méakkeun waktuna bareng jeung kulawargana di Chicago. Manéhna ngapromosikeun kaos jeung klub tunggang motor mérek Jordan.<ref>Grass, Ray (June 22, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081222072433/http://deseretnews.com/article/1%2C5143%2C640188783%2C00.html "Michael Jordan is now riding superbikes"], ''Deseret News''. Diaksés 31 Agustus 2017.</ref> Ti saprak taun 2004, Jordan ngabogaan klub olahraga motor Michael Jordan, hiji tim balap jalanan sapédah motor tempat katutup profésional nu saingan jeung dua klub Suzuki dina kajuaraan ''Superbike premier'' dina apingan ''American Motorcyclist Association'' (AMA) semet ka tungtung musim 2013.<ref>[http://roadracingworld.com/news/article/?article=30197 Jordan Suzuki Previews The AMA Superbike Championship Finale At Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca], ''Roadracing World & Motorcycle Technology'', September 11, 2007. Diaksés 26 Maret 2009.</ref> Jordan jeung pamajikanna, Juanita nyumbangkeun AS$ 5 juta piken Sakola Luhur Hales Franciscan.<ref>Meyer, Gregory. [http://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=19825 Jordans to pledge $5M to Hales Franciscan H.S.], chicagobusiness.com, 13 Maret 2006. Diaksés July 28, 2008.</ref> Mérek Jordan ogé nyumbang pikeun Habitat Kamanusaan jeung pikeun hiji cabang Klub Budak Lalaki Awéwé cabang Louisiana.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090104003143/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS16324%2B15-Feb-2008%2BBW20080215 Jordan Brand Donates $500,000 to Boys and Girls Club in Louisiana], [[Reuters]], 14 Pébruari 2008. Diaksés 9 Méi 2017.</ref> === Charlotte Bobcats/Hornets === Tanggal 15 Juni 2006, Jordan meuli sajumlah leutik saham Charlotte Bobcats, jadi pamilik saham kadua panggedéna sanggeus nu bogana, Robert L. Johnson. Minangka bagéan tina pasini, Jordan nyepeung kawasa pinuh dina operasi bal baskét, ku gelar jabatan "Anggota Pangaturan Operasi Bal Baskét".<ref>[http://www.nba.com/hornets/release_jordan_060615.html Michael Jordan to Become Part Owner of the Charlotte Bobcats], National Basketball Association, 15 Juni 2006. Diaksés 26 Maret 2017.</ref> Sapuluh taun samemehna, Jordan kungsi ngajukeun pikeun jadi pamilik sabagéan tim asli NBA Charlotte, Charlotte Hornets, tapi teu kajadian alatan pamilik klub, Géorge Shinn, nolak pikeun méré Jordan kawasa pinuh dina operasi bal baskét.<ref>Associated Press. [http://lubbockonline.com/stories/051099/pro_051099077.shtml Shinn says others interested in buying piece of Hornets], lubbockonline.com, 10 Méi 1999. Diaksés 16 Januari 3, 2014.</ref> Dina Pébruari 2010 Jordan kabéjakeun ngundag kapamilikan pinuh Bobcats,<ref>Cox, Marty (16 Pébruari 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100220010148/http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_272630437.shtml "Michael Jordan & Charlotte Bobcats&nbsp;– NBA Legend Wants to Buy Team, Report"], ''National Ledger''. Diaksés 31 Agustus 2017.</ref> nu ganti ngaran jadi Hornets di taun 2014.<ref>[http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/10958580/charlotte-bobcats-officially-change-nickname-hornets Hornets all the buzz in Charlotte], ESPN, Associated Press, 20 Méi 2014. Diaksés 19 Pébruari 2019.</ref> Saingan Jordan nyaéta manten présidén Houston Rocket, Géorge Postolos. Tanggal 27 Pebruari, Bobcats ngumumkeun yén Johnson geus sapuk jeung Jordan katut grupna, MJ Basketball Holdings pikeun meuli tim, tinggal nunggu kasatujuan ti NBA.<ref>[[Associated Press]]. [http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=4951410 MJ to buy controlling stake in Bobcats], [[ESPN]], 27 Pébruari 2010. Diaksés 27 Pébruari 2010.</ref> Tanggal 17 Maret, Dewan Gupernur NBA ku suara buleud nyatujuan pameulian Jordan, ngajadikan manéhna pamaén kahiji nu jadi pamilik tim NBA. Hal éta ogé ngajadikeun manéhna hiji-hjina urang Afrika-Amérika nu mibanda kapamilikan mayoritas dina tim NBA.<ref>Associated Press. [http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=5003048 Jordan purchase of Bobcats approved], ESPN, 17 Maret 2010. Diaksés 17 Maret 2010.</ref> Dina musim 2011-2012 nu dipangkas kana 66 tanding alatan mogok massal, Bobcats ngahasilkeun catetan 7-59. Persentase kameunangan 10,6% minangka pangbututna dina sajarah NBA. "Kuring teu pati sugema ku catetan hasil taun kamari. Bener-bener matak aral," ceuk Jordan satuluyna dina taun eta. Wanci jeda NBA 2019, Jordan ngajual sabagéan leutik saham Hornets ka Gabe Plotkin jeung Daniel Sundheim; nyepeng kénéh mayoritas sahamna pikeun dirina sorangan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/sports/charlotte-hornets/article232128902.html|title=Michael Jordan selling large chunk of Hornets; won’t give up majority control|last1=Bonnell|first1=Rick|website=charlotteobserver.com|publisher=The Charlotte Observer|accessdate=3 October 2019}}</ref> == Propil pamaén == [[Gambar:Jordan by Lipofsky 16577.jpg|jmpl|Jordan ''slam dunk'', 1987-88]] Jordan téh hiji panjaga témbakan (''shooting guard)'' nu ogé mampu maén minangka panyerang leutik (''small forward'') sarta jadi panjaga poin.<ref name="br"/> Jordan kawentar salila karirna minangka hiji pamidang panangtu nu kuat. Bareng jeung Bulls, manéhna jadi panangtu dina 25 kali tanding ku gul lapangan atawa alungan bébas dina sésa waktu 30 detik deui, kaasup dina dua tanding Final NBA jeung lima tanding ''playoff'' séjénna.<ref>[http://www.nba.com/jordan/game_winners.html Michael Jordan's Game-Winners: How Many Has Michael Made?], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712152426/http://www.nba.com/jordan/game_winners.html|date=July 12, 2014}}. National Basketball Association. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> Kakeyenganna kaébréhkeun dina mineungna paréa-réa omong<ref>DeCourcy, Mike. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080217041634/http://www.sportingnews.com/yourturn/viewtopic.php?t=110400 A suspension for talking trash? Mamma mia!], sportingnews.com, July 21, 2006. Diaksés 9 Méi 2017.</ref> sarta étika gawéna nu kasohor.<ref>Jackson, Phil. [http://www.nba.com/jordan/is_philonmj.html "Michael and Me"], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211230443/http://www.nba.com/jordan/is_philonmj.html|date=11 Pébruari 2007}}. ''Inside Stuff'', June/July 1998, available at nba.com. Diaksés July 27, 2019.</ref> Pikeun ningkatkeun pertahananna, manéhna méakkeun waktu tambahan pikeun niténan filem musuh-musuhna. Dina panyerangan manéhna ngandelkeun kana insting jeung improvisasi dina waktu tanding.<ref>Condor, pp. xviii–xx.</ref> Kacatet minangka pamaén nu tangoh, Jordan can kungsi leungiteun opat atawa leuwih laga nalika aktif dina samusim pinuh ti 1986 nepi ka 2001, kajaba waktu manéhna keur cidera tuur. Dina 15 musim, salapan di antarana Jordan maén pol 82 kali.<ref name="br" /> Jordan téh panyerang nu rancingeus. Manéhna mampu ngajojo sacara agrésif kana karanjang, ogé narik musuhna pikeun nyieun palanggaran samineng-minengna; 8.722 kali alungan bébasna minangka ka-11 pangluhurna dina sajarah NBA.<ref>[https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/fta_career.html NBA & ABA Career Leaders and Records for Free Throw Attempts], basketball-reference.com. Diaksés October 22, 2018.</ref> Ku majuna karir, Jordan ogé ngembangkeun kamampuan pikeun ngaluncatan musuhna jeung nyitak angka ku cara khasna ''fadeaway jump shot'', ngagunakeun kamampuan ngalayangna pikeun ngagileuk tina usaha-usaha blok musuhna. Mungguhing Hubie Brown, ku gerakanna wungkul gé geus méh-méhan teu kabendung.<ref>[[Hubie Brown|Brown, Hubie]]. [http://www.nba.com/jordan/hubieonjordan.html Hubie Brown on Jordan], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411031316/http://www.nba.com/jordan/hubieonjordan.html|date=April 11, 2010}}, National Basketball Association. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> Najan dikritik ku média minangka pamaén hawek dina wanci awal karirna, rata-rata ''assist''-na nu 5,3 <ref name="dbb3"/> nunjukkeun yén Jordan osok babagi ka baturna. Taun 1988, Jordan dileler ku Panghargaan Pamaén Batahan Taun Ieu NBA sarta jadi hiji-hijina pamaén nu mampu meunangkeun boh Panghargaan Pamaén Batahan boh Panghargaan MPV dina karirna (satuluyna diimbangan ku Hakeem Olajuwon, [[David Robinson]] jeung Kevin Garnett; Olajuwon minangka pamaén séjénna sajaba ti Jordan nu mampu meunangkeun kadua panghargaan dina musim nu sarua).<ref>Ladewski, Paul. [http://www.nba.com/jordan/hoop_86-87.html What Does He Do for an Encore?], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411031437/http://www.nba.com/jordan/hoop_86-87.html|date=April 11, 2010}}, ''Hoop Magazine'', December 1987, available at nba.com. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> Manéhna gé jadi paringkat katilu dina total ngarebut bal ku 2.514 kali, sahandapeun John Stockton jeung Jason Kidd.<ref>[https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/stl_career.html Career Leaders for Steals], basketball-reference.com. Diaksés May 23, 2008.</ref> == Statistik karir NBA == {| class="wikitable" | colspan="6" |'''Legend''' |- | JM |Jumlah maén | MA |Maén ti awal |MPM |Minutes per maén |- |GL% |Perséntase gul lapangan |3P% |Perséntase 3poin |TB% |Perséntase témbakan bébas |- |RPM |''Rebounds'' per maén |APM |''Assists'' per maén |SPM |''Steals'' per maén |- |BPM |''Blocks'' per maén |PPM |Poin per maén |'''Kandel''' |Pangluhurna dina karir |} {| class="wikitable" |† |Nandaan musim Jordan jadi juara NBA |- |* |Mingpin liga |- |# |Rekor NBA |} === Musim régulér === {| class="wikitable" |'''Taun''' |'''Téam''' |'''JM''' |'''MA''' |'''MPM''' |'''GL%''' |'''3P%''' |'''TB%''' |'''RPM''' |'''APM''' |'''SPM''' |'''BPM''' |'''PPM''' |- |1984–85 |Chicago |'''82''' |'''82''' |38,3 |0,515 |0,173 |0,845 |6,5 |5,9 |2,4 |,8 |28,2 |- |1985–86 |Chicago |18 |7 |25,1 |0,457 |0,167 |0,840 |3,6 |2,9 |2,1 |1,2 |22,7 |- |1986–87 |Chicago |'''82''' |'''82''' |40,0 |0,482 |0,182 |'''0,857''' |5,2 |4,6 |2,9 |1,5 |'''37,1'''* |- |1987–88 |Chicago |'''82''' |'''82''' |'''40,4'''* |0,535 |0,132 |0,841 |5,5 |5,9 |'''3,2'''* |'''1,6''' |35,0* |- |1988–89 |Chicago |81 |81 |40,2* |0,538 |0,276 |0,850 |'''8,0''' |'''8,0''' |2,9 |,8 |32,5* |- |1989–90 |Chicago |'''82''' |'''82''' |39,0 |0,526 |0,376 |0,848 |6,9 |6,3 |2,8* |,7 |33,6* |- |1990–91† |Chicago |'''82''' |'''82''' |37,0 |'''0,539''' |0,312 |0,851 |6,0 |5,5 |2,7 |1,0 |31,5* |- |1991–92† |Chicago |80 |80 |38.8 |0,519 |0,270 |0,832 |6,4 |6,1 |2,3 |0,9 |30.1* |- |1992–93† |Chicago |78 |78 |39.3 |0,495 |0,352 |0,837 |6,7 |5,5 |2,8* |0,8 |32.6* |- |1994–95 |Chicago |17 |17 |39.3 |0,411 |'''0,500''' |0,801 |6,9 |5,3 |1,8 |0,8 |26.9 |- |1995–96† |Chicago |'''82''' |'''82''' |37.7 |0,495 |0,427 |0,834 |6,6 |4,3 |2,2 |0,5 |30.4* |- |1996–97† |Chicago |'''82''' |'''82''' |37.9 |0,486 |0,374 |0,833 |5,9 |4,3 |1,7 |0,5 |29.6* |- |1997–98† |Chicago |'''82''' |'''82''' |38.8 |0,465 |0,238 |0,784 |5,8 |3,5 |1,7 |0,5 |28.7* |- |2001–02 |Washington |60 |53 |34.9 |0,416 |0,189 |0,790 |5,7 |5,2 |1,4 |0,4 |22.9 |- |2002–03 |Washington |'''82''' |67 |37.0 |0,445 |0,291 |0,821 |6,1 |3,8 |1,5 |0,5 |20.0 |- | colspan="2" |Karir |1,072 |1,039 |38,3 |0.497 |0,327 |0,835 |6,2 |5,3 |2,3 |0,8 |30,1# |- | colspan="2" |All-Star |13 |13 |29,4 |0.472 |0,273 |0,750 |4,7 |4,2 |2,8 |0,5 |20,2 |} === ''Playoffs'' === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |'''Taun''' |'''Téam''' |'''JM''' |'''MA''' |'''MPM''' |'''GL%''' |'''3P%''' |'''TB%''' |'''RPM''' |'''APM''' |'''SPM''' |'''BPM''' |'''PPM''' |- |1985 |Chicago |4 |4 |42,8 |0,436 |0,125 |0,828 |5,8 |'''8,5''' |'''2,8''' |1,0 |29.3 |- |1986 |Chicago |3 |3 |'''45,0''' |0,505 |'''1,000''' |0,872 |6,3 |5,7 |2,3 |1,3 |'''43.7''' |- |1987 |Chicago |3 |3 |42,7 |0,417 |0,400 |'''0,897''' |7,0 |6,0 |2,0 |'''2,3''' |35.7 |- |1988 |Chicago |10 |10 |42,7 |'''0,531''' |0,333 |0,869 |7,1 |4,7 |2,4 |1,1 |36.3 |- |1989 |Chicago |17 |17 |42,2 |0,510 |0,286 |0,799 |7,0 |7,6 |2,5 |0,8 |34.8 |- |1990 |Chicago |16 |16 |42,1 |0,514 |0,320 |0,836 |7,2 |6,8 |'''2,8''' |0,9 |36.7 |- |1991† |Chicago |17 |17 |40,5 |0,524 |0,385 |0,845 |6,4 |8,4 |2,4 |1,4 |31.1 |- |1992† |Chicago |'''22''' |'''22''' |41,8 |0,499 |0,386 |0,857 |6,2 |5,8 |2,0 |0,7 |34.5 |- |1993† |Chicago |19 |19 |41,2 |0,475 |0,389 |0,805 |6,7 |6,0 |2,1 |0,9 |35.1 |- |1995 |Chicago |10 |10 |42,0 |0,484 |0,367 |0,810 |6,5 |4,5 |2,3 |1,4 |31.5 |- |1996† |Chicago |18 |18 |40,7 |0,459 |0,403 |0,818 |4,9 |4,1 |1,8 |0,3 |30.7 |- |1997† |Chicago |19 |19 |42,3 |0,456 |0,194 |0,831 |'''7,9''' |4,8 |1,6 |0,9 |31.1 |- |1998† |Chicago |21 |21 |41,5 |0,462 |0,302 |0,812 |5,1 |3,5 |1,5 |0,6 |32.4 |- | colspan="2" |Karir |179 |179 |41.8 |0,487 |0,332 |0,828 |6,4 |5,7 |2,1 |0,8 |33,4 <nowiki>#</nowiki> |} == Paninggalan == [[Gambar:Jordan Lipofsky.jpg|jmpl|Jordan di 1997]] Bakat Jordan geus atra dina awal karir NBA-na: dina Bulan Nopémber manéhna disajajarkeun jeung [[Julius Erving]].<ref name="Gross">Gross, Jane. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/21/sports/jordan-makes-people-wonder-is-he-the-new-dr-j.html "Jordan Makes People Wonder: Is He the New Dr. J?"], ''The New York Times'', 21 Oktober 1984. Diaksés 7 Maret 2007.</ref> [[Larry Bird]] nyarita yén manéhna "Can kungsi ningali sasaha waé nu siga manéhna", jeung Jordan téh minangka "Hiji-hijina", sarta pamaén panghadéna nu pernah katempo ku dirina sajajar jeung Wayne Gretzky salaku atlét.<ref name="verdi19850207">Verdi, Bob. [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-02-07/sports/8501080020_1_bulls-larry-bird-orlando-woolridge "Bird Is Sold On Jordan, NBA's Future"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809114751/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-02-07/sports/8501080020_1_bulls-larry-bird-orlando-woolridge |date=2018-08-09 }}, ''Chicago Tribune'', 7 Pébruari 1985. Diaksés June 5, 2018.</ref> Sanggeus manéhna nyitak 63 poin ngalawan Boston Celtics dina tanggal 20 April 1986, Bird ngagambarkeun Jordan minangka "Déwa nu nyamur jadi Michael Jordan".<ref name="nbadisguised"/> Jordan mingpin rékor nyitak angka dina sapuluh musim NBA (rékor NBA) sarta nyaruaan Wilt Chamberalin dina rékor tujuh kali noron.<ref name="nbah"/> Manéhna ogé kapilih salapan kali dina tim kahiji ''NBA All-Defensive'' (rékor NBA bareng jeung [[Gary Payton]], Kevin Garnett jeung Kobe Bryant). Jordan ogé nyekel rékor rata-rata nyitak angka dina musim régulér jeung ''playoff'' ku 30,1 jeung 33,4 poin per maén.<ref name="nbah" /> Poin total Jordan, 5.987 dina ''playoff'' mangrupa kadua pangluhurna dina sajarah NBA. Manéhna pangsiun ku 32.292 poin dina musim régulér nempatan posisi kalima dina salila NBA sahandapeun Karim Abdul Jabbar, Karl Malone, Kobe Bryant jeung LeBron James.<ref name="ESPN">[http://espn.go.com/nba/history/leaders NBA History – Points Leaders], ESPN. Diaksés April 16, 2019.</ref> Ku meunangna MVP musim régulér lima kali (tempat kadua bareng jeung [[Bill Russel]] - ngan Kareem Abdul Jabbar wungkul nu kungsi meunang genep kali), genep MPV Final (rékor NBA) sarta tilu kali MPV tanding NBA Kabéh Béntang, Jordan jadi pamaén nu pangpinuhna ku gelar dina sajarah NBA.<ref name="br"/> Jordan kaasup dina 50 pamaén panghébatna dina taun 1996. Manéhna ogé kaasup hiji tina tujuh pamaén nu kungsi meunangkeun kajuaraan NCAA, NBA jeung madali emas Olimpiade (kituna téh dua kali dina taun 1984 jeung 1992).<ref name="Hoops TC">{{cite web|url=http://www.thepostgame.com/blog/list/201207/basketball-triple-crown-ncaa-nba-championships-olympic-gold-medal|title=Basketball's Triple Crown|publisher=The Post Game.com|accessdate=July 19, 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212194202/http://www.thepostgame.com/blog/list/201207/basketball-triple-crown-ncaa-nba-championships-olympic-gold-medal |date=February 12, 2023 }}</ref> Jordan jeung Pippen minangka ngan dua-duana pamaén nu bisa meunangkeun genep Final NBA pikeun hiji tim. Dina pamilihan tanding Kabéh Bintang, Jordan pangremenna kapilih, sajumlah salapan kali, ngaleuwihan pamaén mana ogé.<ref>[http://www.nba.com/features/mp_ballot_050121.html Moving Pictures: All-Star Ballot winners], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183404/http://www.nba.com/features/mp_ballot_050121.html|date=April 30, 2018}}, National Basketball Association, 16 Januari 21, 2005. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> "Michael Jordan heula, karak urang-urang." - Magic Johnson Réa pangwartaan nyebutkeun yén Jordan téh pamaén bola baskét panghadéna sapanjang waktu.<ref name="cnnsi">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070104171507/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/nba/1999/jordan_retires/news/1999/01/13/jordan_greatest/ Michael Jordan: A tribute: Praise from his peers, NBA's 50 greatest sing MJ's praises], ''Sports Illustrated'', 1 Pébruari 1999. Diaksés 9 Méi 2017.</ref> Dina taun 1999, hiji survéy jurnalis, atlét jeung nu séjénna ti ESPN nempatkeun Jordan minangka atlét Amérika Kalér panghadéna dina abad 20, saluhureun béntang-béntang saperti Babe Ruth jeung [[Muhammad Ali]].<ref name="century">[http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/athletes.html Top N. American athletes of the century], ESPN. Diaksés May 3, 2007.</ref> Jordan nempatan paringkat kadua dina daptar 20 atlét vérsi ''Associated Press'' dina Bulan Désémber 1999.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1999/dec/12/sports/sp-43292 "Ruth, Didrikson Named Top Athletes"], ''Los Angeles Times'', 12 Désémber 1999. Diaksés 14 Méi 2017.</ref> Minangka tambahan, ''Associated Press'' milih Jordan minangka pamaén baskét abad 20. Jordan ogé rékor mucunghul dina kaper ''Sports Illustrated'' sajumlah 50 kali.<ref>[https://www.si.com/nba/photos/2013/02/14/michael-jordan-si-covers Michael Jordan's 50 SI Covers], ''Sports Illustrated''. Diaksés 14 Méi 2017.</ref> Dina edisi Séptémber 1996 Sport, nu mangrupa edisi tepung taun ka-50, Jordan disebut minangka atlét panghadéna dina mangsa 50 taun katukang.<ref name="Sport">"Final Out: 1996", ''[[Sport (US magazine)|Sport]]'', volume 90, issue 7, July 1999, p. 96.</ref> Kamampuan ngalayang Jordan, kaébréhkeun dina Kajuaraan Pasanggiri ''Slam Dunk'' dina taun 1987 jeung 1988, diaku ku réa jelema minangka ngabogaan pangaruh ka générasi pamaén ngora. Sawatara pamaén NBA - kaasup LeBron James jeung [[Dwyane Wade]] - geus ngaku yén Jordan téh panutan maranéhna nalika maranéhna tumuwuh déwasa. Komentator ngalandi sajumlah pamaén générasi lanjutan ku sebutan "Tutuluyan Michael Jordan" nalika arasup ka NBA, kaasup anu kasebut téh [[Penny Hardaway]], Grant Hill, Allen iverson, Bryant, James, Vince Carter jeung Dwyane Wade. Najan Jordan téh mangrupa pamaén nu masagi, gambaran "Air Jordan"-na sering dianggap sacara teu dihaja jadi marga lantaran ngorotanna kamampuan témbakan luncat, batahan jeung kamampuan dasar ti pamaén-pamaén ngora. Hiji fakta nu Jordan sorangan manghanyakalkeun. Mangsa jaya-jayana, Jordan geus ningkatkeun status permaénan. Rating télévisi naék ngan wungkul mun manéhna maén.<ref name="cash in">Rovell, Darren. [http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/print?id=1254606&type=story NBA could cash in if TV ratings soar with Jordan], ESPN, September 23, 2001. Diaksés March 10, 2007.</ref> Popularitas NBA di AS ngorotan sanggeus gelar pamungkasna.<ref name="cash in" /> Ti saprak 2015, rating Final teu kungsi nepi kana tingkat nalika manéhna meunangkeun gelar juara.<ref>Kent, Milton (June 17, 2015). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2015/06/17/nba-finals-tv-ratings-finish-highest-since-michael-jordans-last-title/ "NBA Finals TV ratings finish highest since Michael Jordan's last title"], ''The Washington Post''. Diaksés July 17, 2016.</ref> [[Gambar:Michael Jordan and Barack Obama at the White House.jpg|ka|jmpl|Jordan narima Madali Kamerdékaan Présidénsial ti Présidén Barack Obama di Gedong Putih]] Agustus 2009, Balé Kahormatan Bal Baskét ''Naismith Memorial'' di Springfield muka pajangan Michael Jordan nu eusina barang-barang ti mangsa manéhna karir di Kampus jeung di NBA, ogé wanci keur di Tim Impian 1992. Pajangan ogé mibanda sarung tangan bésbol pikeun nandakeun karir pondok Jordan di Liga Bésbol Minor.<ref>"Hall opens a Jordan exhibit", ''The New York Times'' (August 3, 2009), p. D5.</ref> Taun 2016 [[Barack Obama|Présidén Barack Obama]] ngajénan Jordan ku Madali Kamerdékaan Présidénsial.<ref name="Freedom">[https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/11/16/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom "President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122031847/https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/11/16/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom |date=2016-11-22 }}, ''whitehouse.gov''. [[The White House]]. November 16, 2016. Diaksés November 16, 2016.</ref> == Kahirupan pribadi == Jordan kawin ka Juanita Vanoy dina Bulan Séptémber 1989, sarta ngabogaan dua budak lalaki, Jeffrey jeung Marcus jeung hiji budak awéwé, Jasmine. Jordan jeung Vanoy ngarajukeun cerai dina tanggal 4 Januari 2002, cenah geus teu alakur, tapi islah deui dina sawatara waktu. Tuluy ngarajukeun cerai deui jeung tuluy jadi dina tanggal 29 Désémber 2006, koméntarna yén putusan éta téh "silih untungkeun jeung tingtrim".<ref name="Divorce">Associated Press. [http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=2714217 Jordan, wife end marriage 'mutually, amicably'], ESPN, December 30, 2006. Diaksés 15 Januari, 2007.</ref> Kabéjakeun yén Juanita nampa $160 juta dolar gono gini, ngajadikeun hal éta minangka cerai sélébriti pangtohagana dina catetan publik mangsa harita.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/13/AR2007041301803.html Forbes: Jordan Divorce Most Costly Ever], ''The Washington Post'', April 14, 2007. Diaksés 1 Maret 2013.</ref> Taun 1991, Jordan meuli sawidang tanah di Highland Park, Illinois, pikeun ngawangun hiji gedong ukuran 5.200 m2 nu karak anggeus opat taun ti harita. Taun 2012 gedongna téh didaptarkeun kana daptar gedong nu rék dijual di Highland Park.<ref name="mansion">Rodkin, Dennis. "[http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Deal-Estate/6 Pébruari-2012/Michael-Jordan-Lists-Highland-Park-Mansion-for-29-Million/ Michael Jordan Lists Highland Park Mansion for $29 Million]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''Chicago Magazine'', 29 Pébruari 2012. Diaksés May 16, 2012.</ref> Tanggal 21 Juli 2006, hakim Wilayah Cook, Illinois mutuskeun Jordan teu kudu mayar ka manten kabogohna Karla Knafel sajumlah $5 juta dina tuntutan klaim kontrak.<ref name="KaK2">Associated Press. [https://www.usatoday.com/sports/basketball/jordan/2003-06-12-jordan-knafel_x.htm "Judge says Jordan not obligated to pay ex-lover"], ''USA Today'', June 12, 2003. Diaksés 16 Januari 2007.</ref> Jordan disebut-sebut geus mayar $250.000,- ka Knafel pikeun ngajaga rusiah hubungan maranéhna.<ref name="ap2">Associated Press. [http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=2526780 "Judge: Alleged deal between Jordan, ex-lover invalid"], ESPN, 22 Juli 2006. Diaksés 3 Maret 2011,</ref><ref name="usatoday1">[https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2002-11-25-oped-wickham_x.htm Jordan's former girlfriend shouldn't get another cent], ''USA Today'', November 25, 2002. Diaksés 12 Pébruari 2009.</ref> Knafel ngaku yén Jordan ngajanjikeun $5 juta pikeun tetep répéh sarta satuju teu ngajukeun hak pangakuan bapa sanggeus Knafel sadar yén manéhna keur kakandungan di taun 1991. Tés DNA ngabuktikeun yén Jordan lain bapa ti budak éta.<ref name="KaK2"/> Jordan ngalamar kabogoh heubeulna (nu lianna), saurang modél Kuba-Amérika, Ybette Prieto dina Natal 2011.<ref>Troop, Caleb. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130721032828/http://www.wcnc.com/sports/Report-Michael-Jordan-is-engaged-136377268.html Bobcats owner Michael Jordan is engaged]", WCNC-TV, 29 Desember 2011. Diaksés 14 Méi 2017.</ref> Maranéhna jatuk rami dina tanggal 27 April 2013 di Garéja Episcopal Bathesda Sisi Laut.<ref>Garcia, Jennifer. "[http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20695242,00.html Michael Jordan Marries Model Yvette Prieto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821073134/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20695242,00.html |date=2015-08-21 }}", ''People'', April 27, 2013. Diaksés April 27, 2013.</ref> Tanggal 11 Pebruari. Yvette ngalahirkeun dua budak sakembaran dingaranan Victoria jeung Ysabel.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-jordan-yvette-prieto-welcome-twin-girls/ Michael Jordan, Yvette Prieto welcome twin girls], CBS News, 12 Pébruari 2014. Diaksés 20 Pébruari 2014.</ref> Jordan jadi aki dina taun 2019 nalika budak awéwéna, Jasmin, ngalahirkeun. Minantuna nyaéta manten pamaén Indiana Pacer, Rakeem Christmas.<ref>Herbert, Geoff. [https://www.syracuse.com/sports/2019/05/rakeem-christmas-welcomes-baby-making-michael-jordan-a-grandfather.html Rakeem Christmas welcomes baby, making Michael Jordan a grandfather], syracuse.com, May 18, 2019. Diaksés 20 Méi 2019.</ref> == Figur média jeung kapentingan bisnis == === Iklan === [[Gambar:Flickr - The U.S. Army - www.Army.mil (273).jpg|jmpl|Michael Jordan di 2008]] Jordan mangrupa figur olahraga nu paling payu dina sajarah. Manéhna jadi juru wicara utama pikeun mérek-mérek saperti [[Nike]], [[Coca Cola]], [[Chevrolet]], [[Gatorade]], McDonald's, Ball Park Franks, Rayovac, Whéaties, Hanes jeung MCI.<ref name="rov3">Rovell, Darren. [http://espn.go.com/sportsbusiness/s/2003/0216/1509936.html "Jordan's 10 greatest commercials ever"], ESPN, 6 Pébruari 17, 2003. Diaksés 16 Januari 2007.</ref> Jordan ngabogaan hubungan nu panjang jeung Gatorade, minton dina leuwih ti 20 iklan ti saprak taun 1991, kaasup iklan "''Be Like Mike''" nu dinyanyikeun ku barudak, miharep hayang siga Jordan.<ref name="rov3"/> Nike ngajieun hiji sapatu khusus pikeun manéhna, disebut ''Air Jordan'' dina taun 1984.<ref>Thompson, Phil. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/chicagoinc/ct-air-jordan-ban-chicago-inc-spt-0831-20160831-story.html 'Banned' Air Jordans have slightly different history than Nike's narrative], ''Chicago Tribune'', 31 Agustus 2016. Diaksés September 7, 2018.</ref> Salah sahiji iklan komérsil Jordan nu populér pikeun éta sapatu ngalibatkeun Spike Lee ti Mars Blackmon. Dina iklan éta Lee néangan sumber kakuatan Jordan sarta yakin yén éta téh "pasti gara-gara sapatuna". Antukna Jordan diréka ku Nike jadi hiji divisi nu nyorangan ku ngaran "Mérek Jordan".<ref name="rov3"/> Jordan ogé ngilu aub dina karakter kartun [[Looney Tunes]]. Hiji iklan Nike nu disiarkeun dina ''Super Bowl XXVI'' taun 1992 mintonkeun Jordan jeung [[Bugs Bunny]] maén baskét.<ref>Horovitz, Bruce. [http://articles.latimes.com/1992-01-28/business/fi-1078_1_animated-bugs-bunny 'Hare Jordan' May Give Animation Ads a Lift], ''Los Angeles Times'', 28 Januari, 1992. Diaksés December 18, 2013.</ref> Iklan Super Bowl éta ngailhaman filem ''Space Jam'' nu dibentangan ku Jordan jeung Bugs dina hiji dongeng fiksi nu dijieun nalika reureuh kahiji tina baskét.<ref name="Porter">Porter, p. 96.</ref> Jordan ogé minton dina vidio musik [[Michael Jackson]], "''Jam''" (1992).<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/michael-jacksons-20-greatest-videos-the-stories-behind-the-vision-20140624/20-jam-1992-0541468 ""Jam" (1992) – Michael Jackson's 20 Greatest Videos: The Stories Behind the Vision"], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. Diaksés April 21, 2016.</ref> Panghasilan taunan Jordan tina iklan dikira-kira nepi kana 40 juta dolar.<ref name="ausport">Redenbach, Andrew. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090220170255/http://fulltext.ausport.gov.au/fulltext/1999/cjsm/v3n1/redenbach31.htm A Multiple Product Endorser can be a Credible Source], ''Cyber-Journal of Sport Marketing''. Diaksés 15 Méi 2017.</ref> Katambah mun Jordan maén, tikét patandingan béak-béak waé boh kandang boh tandang.<ref>Rovell, Darren. [http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/print?id=1538744&type=story "Cashing in on the ultimate cash cow"], ESPN, April 15, 2003. Diaksés 16 Januari 2007.</ref> Hal ieu ngaalatankeun Jordan nyepeng rékor dina hal gajih pamaén ku néken kontrak taunan nu hargana leuwih ti $30 juta / taun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=15 Séptémber 1997|title=Michael Jordan signs deal with Bulls worth more than $30 million|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3z8DAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|journal=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|volume=82|issue=17|page=51|doi=|issn=0021-5996|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> Lolobana, transaksi iklan Jordan, kaasup jeung Nike, diatur ku agénna, David Falk.<ref name="executiveofyear">{{Cite journal|last=Powell|first=Shaun|date=March 29, 1999|title=Executive privilege|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_sporting-news_1999-03-29_223_13/page/10|journal=[[The Sporting News]]|volume=223|issue=13|page=10|doi=|issn=0038-805X|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> Jordan ngagambarkeun Falk minangka "panghadé-hadéna dina widangna" jeung "manéhna wijaksana dina marketing tur hadé. Manéhna nu ngabogaan konsép Air Jordan." === Lalampahan bisnis === Bulan Juni 2010, Jordan asup kana 20 sélébriti pangkawasana di dunia ku majalah ''Forbes'' ku alatan panghasilan $55 juta antara Juni 2009 jeung Juni 2010. Numutkeun artikel Forbes, mérek Jordan ngahasilkeun $1 juta pangjualan pikeun Nike.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/53/celeb-100-10_Michael-Jordan_UGGU.html "#20 Michael Jordan"]. ''Forbes'', 2010. Diaksés September 8, 2010.</ref> Juni 2014, Jordan kasebutkeun jadi pamaén NBA munggaran nu jadi miliarder, sanggeus manéhna nambahan sahamna di Charlotte Hornets tina 80% kana 89,5%.<ref>Davis, Adam (June 20, 2014). [http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2014/06/20/michael-jordan-becomes-first-billionaire-nba-player/ Michael Jordan Becomes First Billionaire NBA Player], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627054721/http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2014/06/20/michael-jordan-becomes-first-billionaire-nba-player/|date=June 27, 2014}} Fox Business Network. Diaksés 11 Maret 2018.</ref> 20 Januari 2015, Jordan diajén ku Jurnal Charlotte Business minangka Jalma Bisnis Taun Ieu taun 2014.<ref>Spanberg, Eric (20 Januari 2015). [http://www.bizjournals.com/charlotte/news/2015/01/20/michael-jordan-in-tears-as-he-accepts-business.html "Michael Jordan in tears as he accepts Business Person of the Year honors"], ''Charlotte Business Journal''. Diaksés 16 Januari 21. 2015.</ref> Taun 2017, manéhna jadi pamilik bagéan ti Miami Marlins ti Bisbol Liga Utama.<ref>Jackson, Barry (August 11, 2017). [http://www.miamiherald.com/sports/mlb/miami-marlins/article166767852.html "Loria agrees to sell Miami Marlins to Sherman and Jeter, source says"], ''Miami Herald''. Diaksés 3 Oktober 2017.</ref> Forbes ngitung Jordan minangka atlét nu panghasilanna pangluhurna dina taun 2017.<ref>[http://www.nba.com/article/2017/12/15/michael-jordan-named-worlds-highest-paid-athlete-all-time-forbes-magazine/ Michael Jordan named world's highest-paid athlete ever], National Basketball Association, December 15, 2017. Diaksés 29 Desember 2017.</ref> Panghasilan Jordan tina mérek Jordan jeung Iklan dikira-kira nepi ka $110 juta, panggedéna dibanding pangsiunan atlét mana oge.<ref>Neuharth-Keusch, AJ (March 31, 2016). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2016/03/30/michael-jordan-shaquille-oneal-junior-bridgeman-magic-johnson-forbes-list/82441108/ Michael Jordan tops Forbes' list of highest-paid retired athletes], ''USA Today''. Diaksés 29 Desember 2017.</ref> Taun 2019 Jordan kajojo salaku urang Afrika-Amérika katilu pangbengharna, sarua jeung taun 2018, sahandapeun Robert F. Smith jeung Oprah Winfrey.<ref>Jacobs, Harrison (20 Pébruari 2018). [http://www.businessinsider.com/worlds-richest-black-billionaires-forbes-list-2018-2 Meet the world's richest black billionaires of 2018]. Business Insider. Diaksés 16 Juni 2018.</ref> Jordan ogé rererongan ngabogaan grup otomotif nu maké ngaran manéhna. Pausahaanna boga pakuat pakati jeung Nissan dina taun 1990<ref>Mullaney, Timothy J. (December 13, 1995). [http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1995-12-13/business/1995347010_1_glen-burnie-dealership-nissan-of-glen "Jordan, partners hope car dealership scores big: Hoops star owns Glen Burnie outlet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141319/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1995-12-13/business/1995347010_1_glen-burnie-dealership-nissan-of-glen |date=2018-06-12 }}. ''The Baltimore Sun''. Diaksés June 10, 2018.</ref> sarta jeung Lincoln Mercury ti taun 1995 nepi ka tutupna Juni 2009.<ref name="dealership">Burkitt, Janet (27 Pébruari 1997). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1997/02/27/michael-jordan-teams-with-car-dealership/b6c2d1a7-f694-44bd-a4c8-23686276e1d9/ "Michael Jordan Teams With Car Dealership"]. ''The Washington Post''. Diaksés 24 Juni 2018.</ref> Pausahaanna gé mibanda waralaba Nissan di Glen Burnie, Maryland. Restoran ogé kaasupkeun kana bisnis Jordan. Restoranna di antarana restoran stik di Terminal Pusat Raya di Kota New York.<ref>Potempa, Philip (December 28, 2011). [https://www.nwitimes.com/lifestyles/food-and-cooking/scoring-major-points-michael-jordan-s-steak-house-new-location/article_a7f71d5e-afc2-505d-af46-8353ba2ae9e1.html "Scoring major points: Michael Jordan's Steak House new location a delicious win] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922122813/https://www.nwitimes.com/lifestyles/food-and-cooking/scoring-major-points-michael-jordan-s-steak-house-new-location/article_a7f71d5e-afc2-505d-af46-8353ba2ae9e1.html |date=2019-09-22 }}. ''The Times of Northwest Indiana''. Diaksés 24 Juni 2018.</ref> Jordan ogé mangrupa Invéstor utama dina hiji bisnis golep, Grove XXIII, nu ayeuna keur diwangun di Martin County, Florida.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://golfweek.com/2018/02/04/the-forecaddie-michael-jordan-course-set-to-take-flight-in-2019/|title=Michael Jordan course set to take flight in 2019|website=[[Golfweek]]|publisher=Gannett|language=en|accessdate=3 Oktober 2019|date=5 Pébruari 2018}}</ref> === Amal === Ti taun 2001 ka 2014, Jordan ngayakeun turnamén golep taunan, ''the Michael Jordan Celebrity Invitational'' nu ngumpulkeun duit pikeun rupa-rupa kagiatan amal. Taun 2018, Jordan jadi Pupuhu Duta Besar Harepan pikeun Yayasan Nyieun Pangharepan / ''Make-A-Wish Foundation''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20090124005005/en/Make-A-Wish-Foundation%C2%AE-Names-Michael-Jordan-Chief-Ambassador|title=Make-A-Wish Foundation® Names Michael Jordan as Chief Wish Ambassador|website=[[Business Wire]]|language=en|accessdate=3 Oktober 2019|date=24 Januari, 2009}}</ref> Dina taun 2019 manéhna hasil ngumpulkeun dana leuwih ti $5 juta sarta ngabulkeun leuwih ti 200 pangharepan pikeun organisasi éta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.looktothestars.org/news/18703-michael-jordan-and-make-a-wish-celebrate-30-years-of-granting-wishes-together|title=Michael Jordan and Make-A-Wish Celebrate 30 Years of Granting Wishes Together|website=Look to the Stars|language=en|date=28 Januari, 2019}}</ref> Taun 2015, Jordan nyumbangkeun hasil duit daméi ti hiji supermarket nu maké ngaranna tanpa ijin ka 23 rupa-rupa amal di Chicago.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-michael-jordan-charity-1216-biz-20151215-story.html|title=Michael Jordan hands court settlement to 23 Chicago nonprofits|last1=Janssen|first1=Kim|website=chicagotribune.com|publisher=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=3 Oktober 2019}}</ref> Taun 2019, manéhna nyumbangkeu $7 juta pikeun ngawaragadan dua Klinik Kulawarga Michael Jordan Novan Héalth di Charlotte, Karolina Kalér.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/michael-jordan-makes-largest-philanthropic-donation-ever-to-fund-clinics-in-charlotte/|title=Michael Jordan makes largest philanthropic donation ever to fund clinics in Charlotte|last1=Maloney|first1=Jack|website=CBSSports.com|language=en|accessdate=3 Oktober 2019}}</ref> Taun éta kénéh sanggeus Topan Florence narajang North Carolina, kaasup lemburna, Wilmington, Jordan nyumbangkeun $2 juta pikeun dana bantuan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/sports/2018/09/michael-jordan-to-donate-2-milion-to-aid-in-hurricance-florence-recovery|title=Michael Jordan Donates $2 Million to Hurricane Florence Recovery|website=Complex|language=en|accessdate=3 Oktober 2019}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919122011/https://www.complex.com/sports/2018/09/michael-jordan-to-donate-2-milion-to-aid-in-hurricance-florence-recovery |date=2018-09-19 }}</ref> Ogé nyumbangkeun $1 juta sabadana Topan Dorian di Bahama.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-jordan-donates-1-million-to-hurricane-dorian-relief-in-the-bahamas-after-storm/|title=Michael Jordan donates $1 million to hurricane relief in the Bahamas|website=[[CBS News]]|accessdate=3 Oktober 2019}}</ref> Taun 2019, 300 sapatu ''sneaker'' Jordan meunang ngararancang manéhna dilelang pikeun amal ka Yayasan Charlotte Hornets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hypebeast.com/2019/5/air-jordan-1-michael-designed-raffle-charlotte-hornets-foundation-charity|title=Two Michael Jordan-Designed AJ1s Are Being Raffled Off For Charity|website=HYPEBEAST|accessdate=3 Oktober 2019}}</ref> Mérek Jordan ngajalankeun Béasiswa Wings, nu geus dibikeun ka leuwih ti 225 mahasiswa nu kurang mampu ti saprak taun 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theundefeated.com/features/jordan-brands-wings-scholars-on-the-life-changing-moment-they-received-their-full-non-athletic-scholarships/|title=Jordan Brand’s Wings Scholars on the life-changing moment they received their full non-athletic scholarships|last1=Dodson|first1=Aaron|website=The Undefeated|accessdate=3 October 2019|date=18 June 2018}}</ref> === Buku === Jordan ngarang sawatara buku nu fokus kana kahirupanna, karir baskét sarta sawangan dunia. * ''Rare Air: Michael on Michael'' (1993) bareng jeung Mark Vancil and Walter Iooss. * ''I Can't Accept Not Trying: Michael Jordan on the Pursuit of Excellence'' (1994) reujeung Mark Vancil jeung Sandro Miller. * ''For the Love of the Game: My Story'' (1998) reujeung Mark Vancil. * ''Driven from Within'' (2005) reujeung Mark Vancil. == Panghargaan jeung pangajénan == [[Gambar:JordanSmithWorthy2.jpg|jmpl|James Worthy, Jordan, jeung Dean Smith taun 2007 dina laga panghargaan tim bal baskét 1957 jeung 1982 North Carolina Tar Heels.]] === Kampus === * Juara Nasional NCAA&nbsp;– 1981–82<ref name="honors">[https://www.nba.com/jordan/list_honors.html Michael Jordan's Honors], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004234306/http://www.nba.com/jordan/list_honors.html |date=October 4, 2018 }}, National Basketball Association. Diaksés 2 Agustus 2019.</ref> * Pamaén Anyar ACC Taun Ieu – 1981–82<ref name="ACC">[https://goheels.com/news/2003/3/13/205489496.aspx Hamm, Jordan Named ACC's Greatest Athletes], University of North Carolina, 13 Maret 2003. Diaksés 28 Oktober 2018.</ref> * Dua kali Konsénsus Tim Kahiji Kabéh Amérika NCAA&nbsp;– 1982–83, 1983–84<ref name="ACC" /> * Pamaén Bal Baskét Lalaki Taun Ieu ACC&nbsp;– 1983–84<ref name="ACC" /> * Pamaén Kampus USBWA Taun Ieu&nbsp;– 1983–84<ref>[http://www.sportswriters.net/usbwa/awards/oscar/index.html Oscar Robertson Trophy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522003430/http://www.sportswriters.net/usbwa/awards/oscar/index.html |date=2012-05-22 }}, United States Basketball Writers Association. Diaksés 28 Oktober 2018.</ref> * Pamaén Kampus Naismith Taun Ieu&nbsp;– 1983–84<ref name="nbah" /> * Tropi Adolph Rupp&nbsp;– 1983–84<ref>[https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/awards/rupp.html Rupp Trophy Winners], Sports Reference LLC. Diaksés 28 Oktober 2018.</ref> * Panghargaan John R. Wooden&nbsp;– 1983–84<ref name="nbah" /> * Nomer 23 dipermanénkeun ku North Carolina Tar Heels<ref>[https://goheels.com/news/2000/2/29/205487622.aspx Jamison's 33 Retired Wednesday Night], University of North Carolina, 29 Pébruari 2000. Diaksés 28 Oktober 2018.</ref> === NBA === * Genep kali Juara NBA - 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998<ref name="nbah" /> * Genep kali MPV Final NBA - 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998<ref name="br" /> * Lima kali MVP NBA - 1998, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1998<ref name="nbah" /> * Sapuluh kali mingpin nyetak angka NBA&nbsp;– 1987–1993, 1996–1998<ref name="br" /> * 14 kali Kabéh Bintang NBA – 1985–1993, 1996–1998, 2002, 2003<ref name="br" /> * Tilu kali MPV Laga Kabéh Bintang NBA&nbsp;– 1988, 1996, 1998<ref name="br" /> * Sabelas kali Tim Kabéh NBA: :* Tim kahiji– 1987–1993, 1996–1998<ref name="nbah" /> :* Tim kadua&nbsp;– 1985<ref name="nbah" /> * Salapan kali Tim Kahiji Kabéh Pamaén Batahan NBA&nbsp;– 1988–1993, 1996–1998<ref name="nbah" /> * Dua kali juara Pasanggiri ''Slam Dunk'' NBA&nbsp;– 1987, 1988<ref name="nbah" /> * Rookie Taun Ieu NBA – 1984<ref name="nbah" /> * Dua kali nampa panghargaan IBM&nbsp;– 1985, 1989<ref name="honors" /> * Pamaén Batahan NBA Taun Ieu&nbsp;– 1987<ref name="honors" /> * Kasebut dina 50 Pamaén Pangonjoyna dina Sajarah NBA di taun 1996<ref name="nbah" /> * Nomer 23 dipaténkeun ku Chicago Bulls<ref name="numbers">Reisinger, Adam. [http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/20624645/nba-numbers-nba-retired-numbers Inside the numbers on retired numbers around the NBA], ESPN, September 8, 2017. Diaksés 28 Oktober 2018.</ref> * Nomer 23 dipaténkeun ku Miami Héat<ref name="numbers" /> === Séjénna === * Dua kali Dinding Panghargaan Bola Baskét Mémorial Naismith ** kelas 2009 – pribadi<ref name="Sam" /> ** kelas 2010 – salaku anggota "Tim Impian"<ref>[http://www.espn.com/nba/halloffame10/news/story?id=5462407 Scottie Pippen, Karl Malone enter Hall], ESPN, Association Press, August 14, 2010. Diaksés 1 Nopémber 2018.</ref> * Témbok Panghargaan Olimpiade AS – kelas 2009 (salaku anggota "Tim Impian")<ref>[https://www.usab.com/news-events/news/2017/07/dream-team-25th-anniversary.aspx Dream Team Celebrates 25th Anniversary Of Golden Olympic Run] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401140349/https://www.usab.com/news-events/news/2017/07/dream-team-25th-anniversary.aspx |date=2019-04-01 }}, USA Basketball, July 26, 2017. Diaksés 1 Nopémber 2018.</ref> * Témbok Panghargaan FIBA – kelas 2015<ref>[http://espn.go.com/nba/story/_/id/13272015/michael-jordan-inducted-fiba-hall-fame "Michael Jordan to be inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame"], ESPN, July 17, 2015. Diaksés 20 Juli 2016.</ref> * Dua Madali Emas Olimpiade – 1984, 1992<ref name="nbah" /> * Meunang "Tilu Makuta Bola Baskét"<ref name="Hoops TC" /> * TIlu kali Atlét Taun Ieu ''Associated Press&nbsp;–'' 1991, 1992, 1993<ref>[http://interactives.ap.org/2015/athlete-of-the-year/ "AP Athletes of the Year"], Associated Press. Diaksés October 11, 2017.</ref> * Olahragawan Taun Ieu ''Sports Illustrated'' – 1991<ref>[https://www.si.com/vault/issue/710898/1/2 Cover]. ''Sports Illustrated'', December 23, 1991. Diaksés 14 Méi 2017.</ref> * Ruas jalan di [[Madison Street (Chicago)|Madison Street]] di Chicago diganti ngaran jadi ''Michael Jordan Drive&nbsp;–'' 1994<ref>Davis, Robert (1 Maret 1994). [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-03-01/news/9403010192_1_street-signs-city-council-committee-chicago-stadium "Jordan to get his own street near stadium"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118225350/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-03-01/news/9403010192_1_street-signs-city-council-committee-chicago-stadium |date=2016-11-18 }}, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. Diaksés 26 Nopémber 2016.</ref> * Réngking No. 1 ku majalah ''Slam'' Top 50 Pamaén Taun Ieu<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130515122401/http://www.slamonline.com/online/the-magazine/features/2009/06/the-new-top-50/ The New Top 50], ''Slam'', June 19, 2009. Archived from the [http://www.slamonline.com/online/the-magazine/features/2009/06/the-new-top-50/ original] on 15 Méi 2013. Diaksés 12 Désémber 2018.</ref> * Réngking No. 1 ku ''ESPN SportsCentury'''s Top Atlét Amérika Kalér di Abad 20<ref name="century" /> * Témbok Panghargaan Olahraga North Carolina<ref>[https://www.newsday.com/sports/basketball/jordan-to-be-inducted-in-nc-sports-hall-of-fame-1.2508418 Jordan to be inducted in NC Sports Hall of Fame] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421114841/https://www.newsday.com/sports/basketball/jordan-to-be-inducted-in-nc-sports-hall-of-fame-1.2508418 |date=2020-04-21 }}, ''Newsday'', Associated Press, 1 Désémber 2010. Diaksés 1 Nopémber, 2018.</ref> * Pameunang Marca Leyenda 1997<ref>[https://www.marca.com/marca-leyenda.html Marca Leyenda], ''Marca'' (in Spanish). Diaksés November 13, 2018.</ref> * 10 kali nampa ESPY Award (dina rupa-rupa kategori)<ref>Snedeker, Lisa. [https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/story?id=99832&page=1 Tiger Woods Wins Record 4 ESPYs], ABC News, 13 Pébruari 2001. Diaksés 1 Nopémber 2018.</ref> * Patung di sahareupeun Aréna ''United Center''<ref>Rhodes, Steve. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-11-07-9411070187-story.html Even In Bronze, Jordan Spirit Is A Real Magnet], ''Chicago Tribune'', November 7, 1994. Diaksés 1 Nopémber 2018.</ref> * Madali Kamerdékaan Présidénsial 2016<ref name="Freedom" /> == Tempo ogé == *[[:en:List of athletes who came out of retirement|List of athletes who came out of retirement]] *[[:en:Michael Jordan's Restaurant|Réstoran Michael Jordan]] == Réferensi == [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1963]] s35kfz96gythskyqzy85sb0lffwnhbd 0 98669 730008 728528 2026-10-08T12:09:55Z ~2026-54149-74 37525 /* */ 730008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lain|Béntang}} {{multiple image|direction=vertical|align=right|image1=1e7m comparison Uranus Neptune Sirius B Earth Venus.png|image2=1e6m comparison Mars Mercury Moon Pluto Haumea - no transparency.png|width=300|caption2=Skala objék saukuran planét: <br> Baris luhur: [[Uranus]] jeung [[Néptunus]]; <br> baris kadua: [[Bumi]], béntang [[katé bodas]] [[Sirius B]], [[Vénus]]; <br> baris handap (digedékeun) – luhur: [[Mars]] jeung [[Mérkurius]]; <br> handap: [[Bulan]], [[planit katé]] [[Pluto]], jeung [[Haumea (planit katé)|Haumea]]}} '''Planét''' atawa '''planit''' (Basa Sunda buhun: '''béntang ider''' atawa '''béntang jarah''') nyaéta [[objék astronomi]] anu [[orbit|ngulilingan]] hiji [[béntang]] atawa [[Sésa béntang|sésa béntang]]. Sangkan hiji objék bisa disebut planét, aya tilu kritéria utama numutkeun [[Persatuan Astronomi Internasional]] (IAU): # Miboga [[massa]] anu cukup gedé pikeun nyiptakeun [[gravitasi]] sorangan sangkan wangunna buleud (kasatimbangan hidrostatis). # Teu badag teuing nepi ka bisa ngabalukarkeun [[fusi termonuklir]] (henteu jadi béntang). # Geus "meresihan" daérah di sabudeureun orbitna tina [[planétésimal]] (benda-benda langit leutik séjénna).<ref group="lower-alpha" name="footnoteA">Ieu [[Wangenan planét|wangenan]] dumasar kana dua déklarasi IAU (2001 jeung 2006).</ref><ref name="IAU">{{cite web |title=IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes |url=http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/detail/iau0603/ |publisher=IAU |year=2006 |accessdate=2019-12-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091230134246/http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/detail/iau0603/ |archivedate=2009-12-30 }}</ref> Istilah "planét" asalna tina basa [[Yunani]] ''planētēs'' anu hartina "pangumbara" (tukang ngumbara). Dina basa Sunda, istilah "béntang" mindeng dipaké sacara umum pikeun sakabéh barang langit anu moncorong ti peuting, padahal planét mah henteu ngaluarkeun cahaya sorangan (ngan saukur nyinarkeun pantulan cahaya ti béntang).<ref name="WSGESP">{{cite web |year=2001 |title=Working Group on Extrasolar Planets (WGESP) |work=IAU |url=http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/boss/definition.html |accessdate=2019-12-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916161707/http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/boss/definition.html |archivedate=2006-09-16 }}</ref> == Sajarah jeung kapercayaan == Kecap ''planit'' geus lila dipikawanoh sarta miboga hubungan anu raket jeung [[sajarah]], [[sains]], [[mitologi]], sarta [[agama]]. Ku rupa-rupa [[peradaban]] kuna, planét téh dianggap salaku hal anu sakral atawa wawakil ti para [[déwa]]. Sanajan kitu, kalayan majuna élmu kanyaho, sawangan manusa kana planét ogé milu robah, tina dianggap barang gaib jadi objék astronomi anu bisa ditalungtik. == Bédana "Bintang" jeung "Béntang" == Dina [[Basa Sunda]], aya bédana harti anu kacida jéntréna antara kecap '''bintang''' jeung '''béntang''', dumasar kana asal-usul cahaya sarta sipatna: * '''Bintang''' (planét): Nyaéta barang langit anu teu bisa ngahasilkeun cahyana sorangan, tapi ngan saukur mantulkeun cahaya ti béntang séjénna. Dina istilah astronomi modérn, ieu disebutna [[planét]]. * '''Béntang''' (''star''): Nyaéta barang langit anu bisa ngahasilkeun cahaya sorangan tina prosés fusi nuklir dina jerona.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Cit. 1|title=Kamus Basa Sunda|publisher=Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda & PT Kiblat Buku Utama|date=2006|location=Bandung|isbn=9793631910|last=Danadibrata, R. A.}}</ref> Dina kabudayaan Sunda, planét ogé mindeng disebut '''béntang ider''' atawa '''béntang jarah'''. Istilah ieu dipaké pikeun ngabédakeunana jeung béntang sajati anu katémpona cicing (''fixed stars''), sabab planét mah katémpona "ngumbara" atawa nyimpang tina jalur béntang-béntang séjénna. Dina taun 2006, [[Persatuan Astronomi Internasional]] (IAU) ngesahkeun hiji résolusi resmi anu nangtukeun [[wangenan planét IAU|wangenan (definisi) planét]] di [[Tata Surya]]. Wangenan ieu dipuji nanging ogé dikritik sarta masih diperdebatkeun ku sawatara élmuwan, lantaran dianggap teu ngawengku banda-banda [[planemo|bermassa planét]] séjénna anu ngan ditangtukeun dumasar kana orbitna. Sanajan dalapan banda planét anu dipanggihan méméh taun 1950 masih dianggap "planét" dumasar kana wangenan modéren, sawatara banda angkasa saperti [[Ceres (planét kerdil)|Cérés]], [[2 Pallas|Pallas]], [[3 Juno|Juno]], sarta [[4 Vesta|Vésta]] (masing-masing mangrupa objék di sabuk astéroid Panonpoé), kitu ogé [[Pluto]] (objék trans-Néptunus anu munggaran dipanggihan) anu baheulana dianggap planét, ayeuna mah geus henteu dianggap planét deui sarta turun statusna jadi [[planét kerdil]]. [[Ptolomeus]] nganggap yén planét ngurilingan Bumi kalawan gerakan [[deferen jeung épisiklus]]. Sanajan ideu [[Hélioséntrisme|planét ngurilingan Panonpoé]] geus lila diutarakeun, kakara dina abad ka-17 ideu ieu kabukti sacara ilmiah ngaliwatan pangamatan [[téléscop]] ku [[Galileo Galilei]]. Kalawan analisis data obsérvasi anu kacida taliti, [[Johannes Kepler]] manggihan yén orbit planét téh wangunna lain bunderan (lingkaran) sampurna, nanging mangrupa [[orbit elips|élips]]. [Image of Kepler's laws of planetary motion illustrating elliptical orbits] Sajalan jeung kamekaran pakakas obsérvasi, para [[astronom]] niténan yén planét téh rotasi dina sumbu anu miring, sarta sababaraha di antarana miboga [[beting és]] (ice caps) jeung parobahan [[usum]] lir ibarat di Bumi. Ti saprak asup ka [[Jaman Angkasa]], pangamatan jarak deukeut ku [[wahana antariksa]] ngabuktikeun yén Bumi jeung planét-planét séjénna miboga ciri-ciri géologis anu sarupa, saperti [[gunung seuneu|vulkanisme]], [[angin ribut]], [[téktonik]], malah nepi ka gejala [[hidrologi]]. Sacara umum, planit kabagi ngajadi dua jinis utama: [[raksasa gas]] gedé anu kapadetanana handap jeung [[planét kabumian|raksasa darat]] leutik batuan. Sasuay définisi IAU, aya dalapan planit di Tata Surya. Nurutkeun anggangna ti [[Panonpoé]] (deukeut ka jauh), aya opat planit kabumian, [[Mérkurius]], [[Vénus]], [[Bumi]], jeung [[Mars]], tuluy opat raksasa gas, [[Jupiter]], [[Saturnus]], [[Uranus]], jeung [[Néptunus]]. Genep planit di antarana dikurilingan ku hiji [[satelit alam]] atawa leuwih. Salian ti éta, IAU ngakuan lima [[planit katé]]<ref>[[Ceres (planét katé)|Ceres]], [[Pluto]] (saméméhns mangrupa planit ka-9 di Tata Surya), [[Makemake (planit katé)|Makemake]], [[Haumea (planét katé)|Haumea]], jeung [[Eris (planét katé)|Eris]]</ref> jeung baratus-ratus rébu [[banda leutik Tata Surya]]. Maranéhna masih nimbang-nimbang banda-banda séjén pikeun digolongkeun jadi planit.<ref>http://www.iau.org/public/pluto/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614202942/http://www.iau.org/public/pluto/ |date=2011-06-14 }}</ref> Ti semet 1992, mangratus-ratus planit anu ngurilingan béntang-béntang séjén ("[[planit luar surya]]" atawa "éksoplanét") di [[Bima Sakti]] enggeus dipanggihkeun. Per {{Extrasolar planet counts|asof}}, {{Extrasolar planet counts|planet_count}} planet luar surya anu dipikanyaho (di {{Extrasolar planet counts|system_count}} [[sistem planet]] jeung {{Extrasolar planet counts|multiplanetsystem_count}} [[Daftar sistim multiplanet|sistim multiplanet]]) kadaftar di [[Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]]. Ukuranana rupa-rupa, ti mimiti planét daratan siga Bumi nepi raksasa gas nu leuwih gedé tibatan Jupiter.<ref name="Encyclopaedia">{{cite web |title=Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog |work=[[The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]] |url=http://exoplanet.eu/catalog.php |last=Schneider |first=Jean |date=16 January 2013 |accessdate=2013-01-15 }}</ref> Dina tanggal 20 Désémber 2011, tim [[Kepler (wahana antariksa)|Teleskop Luar Angkasa Kepler]] manggihkeun dua planit luar surya saukuran Bumi, [[Kepler-20e]]<ref name="Kepler20e-20111220">{{cite web |author=[[NASA|NASA Staff]] |title=Kepler: A Search For Habitable Planets – Kepler-20e |url=http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/discoveries/kepler20e/ |date=20 December 2011 |publisher=[[NASA]] |accessdate=2011-12-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222162400/http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/discoveries/kepler20e/ |archivedate=2013-02-22 }}</ref> dan [[Kepler-20f]],<ref name="Kepler20f-20111220">{{cite web |author=[[NASA|NASA Staff]] |title=Kepler: A Search For Habitable Planets – Kepler-20f |url=http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/discoveries/kepler20f/ |date=20 December 2011 |publisher=[[NASA]] |accessdate=2011-12-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614161345/http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/discoveries/kepler20f/ |archivedate=2012-06-14 }}</ref> anu ngorbit [[analog Panonpoé|béntang diga Panonpoé]], [[Kepler-20]].<ref name="NASA-20111220">{{cite web|last=Johnson|first=Michele|title=NASA Discovers First Earth-size Planets Beyond Our Solar System|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepler-20-system.html|publisher=[[NASA]]|date=20 December 2011|accessdate=2011-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504012546/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/news/kepler-20-system.html|archivedate=2019-05-04}}</ref><ref name="Nature-20111220">{{cite journal |last=Hand |first=Eric |title=Kepler discovers first Earth-sized exoplanets |doi=10.1038/nature.2011.9688 |date=20 December 2011 |journal=[[Nature (jurnal)|Nature]]}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20111220">{{cite news|last=Overbye|first=Dennis|title=Two Earth-Size Planets Are Discovered|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/21/science/space/nasas-kepler-spacecraft-discovers-2-earth-size-planets.html|date=20 December 2011|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=2011-12-21 }}</ref> Studi taun 2012 nu nganalisis data [[mikrolensa gravitasi]] ngira-ngira satiap béntang di Catang Bobo [[rata-rata aritmetik|rata-rata]] dikurilingan ku saeutikna 1,6 planét.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cassan|first=Arnaud|author2=D. Kubas, J.-P. Beaulieu, M. Dominik, K. Horne, J. Greenhill, J. Wambsganss, J. Menzies, A. Williams, U. G. Jørgensen, A. Udalski, D. P. Bennett, M. D. Albrow, V. Batista, S. Brillant, J. A. R. Caldwell, A. Cole, Ch. Coutures, K. H. Cook, S. Dieters, D. Dominis Prester, J. Donatowicz, P. Fouqué, K. Hill, N. Kains et al.|title=One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations|journal=Nature|date=12 January 2012|volume=481|pages=167–169|doi=10.1038/nature10684|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v481/n7380/full/nature10684.html|accessdate=11 January 2012|issue=7380|bibcode = 2012Natur.481..167C|pmid=22237108|arxiv = 1202.0903 }}</ref> Sawatara astronom di [[Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics]] (CfA) ngalaporkeun dina Januari 2013 yén saeutikna 17 miliar éksoplanét saukuran Bumi (tepatna 0,8–1,25 [[massa Bumi]]) anu periode orbitna 85 poé atawana kurang ayana di galaksi Catang Bobo.<ref name="Space-20130107">{{cite web |title=17 Billion Earth-Size Alien Planets Inhabit Milky Way |url=http://www.space.com/19157-billions-earth-size-alien-planets-aas221.html |date=January 7, 2013 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=January 8, 2013 |author=Staff }}</ref> == Sajarah == {{see|Sejarah astronomi|Definisi planet}} {{see also|Garis waktu astronomi Tata Surya}} [[File:Ptolemaicsystem-small.png|jmpl|ka|250px|Cetakan model kosmologi geosentris dari ''Cosmographia'', Antwerp, 1539]] Sawangan ngeunaan planét téh parantos loba robahna sapanjang lalakon sajarah, kawitna mah mung dianggap salaku [[béntang ngumbara]] anu langgeng dina jaman bihari, dugi ka kiwari dianggap salaku objék anu mibanda sipat nu sarupa sareng bumi. Ieu konsép téh beuki ngajembaran, henteu mung kawatesan di lingkungan Tata Surya wungkul, nanging parantos ngambah ka mangratus-ratus sistem luar surya sanésna. Ayana kahengkeran (ambiguitas) dina nangtukeun wangenan (définisi) planét téh parantos janten pasalia paham (kontrovérsi) di kalangan para élmuwan. Lima [[planit klasik]] anu tiasa katingal ku panon sacara langsung parantos dipikawanoh ti jaman bihari, sarta mibanda pangaruh anu kacida ageungna dina widang [[mitologi]], [[kosmologi agama]], sarta [[palintangan]] kuna. Dina mangsa harita, para astronom parantos nitenan kumaha cahaya-cahaya tinangtu téh léngkahna béda sarta ngalangkungan langit upami dibandingkeun sareng béntang-béntang sanésna. Éta cahaya ku bangsa Yunani disebut {{lang|grc|πλάνητες ἀστέRES}} ({{Transl|grc|''planetes asteres''}}, "béntang ngumbara") atanapi "{{lang|grc|πλανήτοι}}" baé ({{Transl|grc|''planētoi''}}, "pangalalana"),<ref>H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, ''A Greek–English Lexicon'', ninth edition, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940).</ref> anu janten dadasar kawangunna kecap "planét".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/planet |title=Definition of planet |publisher=Merriam-Webster OnLine |accessdate=2007-07-23}}</ref><ref name="oed" /> Di [[Yunani]], [[Cina]], [[Babilonia]] kuna, sarta sakumna peradaban pra-modéren,<ref>{{cite journal |first=Otto E. |last=Neugebauer |year=1945 |title=The History of Ancient Astronomy Problems and Methods |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1–38 |doi=10.1086/370729}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Colin|last=Ronan|title=Astronomy in China, Korea and Japan|edition=Walker|chapter=Astronomy Before the Telescope|pages=264–265}}</ref> diyakinkeun yén Bumi téh mangrupa [[géosentris|puseur Alam Semesta]] sarta sakumna "planét" téh ngurilingan Bumi. Alesan anu ngadasaran ieu sawangan nyaéta béntang sarta planét katingal muter ngalingkung Bumi unggal dinten,<ref>{{cite book|first=Thomas S.|last=Kuhn|title=The Copernican Revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/copernicanrevolu0000kuhn_p2a0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/copernicanrevolu0000kuhn_p2a0/page/5 5]–20|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1957|isbn=0-674-17103-9}}</ref> sarta ayana anggepan sacara [[akal séhat]] yén Bumi téh sipatna padet tur manceg, henteu oyag sarta cicing. === Babilonia === {{main|Astronomi Babilonia}} Peradaban munggaran anu dipikawanoh mibanda tiori ''fungsional'' ngeunaan planét téh nyaéta bangsa [[Babilonia]], padumuk [[Mesopotamia]] dina milénium kahiji sarta kadua SM. Téks astronomi planét pangmimitina anu masih aya dugi ka ayeuna nyaéta [[Tablét Vénus ti Ammisaduqa]], mangrupa salinan daptar paniténan gerak planét Vénus ti abad ka-7 SM anu disangka parantos disusun ti milénium kadua SM.<ref name="practice" /> [[MUL.APIN]] mangrupa sapasang tablét [[kuneiform]] ti abad ka-7 SM anu nyatet gerakan Panonpoé, Bulan, sarta planét-planét sapanjang taun.<ref>{{cite book|author= Francesca Rochberg|chapter=Astronomy and Calendars in Ancient Mesopotamia|title= Civilizations of the Ancient Near East|volume= III|editor=Jack Sasson|year=2000|page=1930}}</ref> Sawatara [[Astrologi Babilonia|astrolog Babilonia]] ogé nunda dadasar pikeun [[astrologi Kulon]].<ref name="book">{{cite book|last=Holden|first=James Herschel|title=A History of Horoscopic Astrology|year=1996|publisher=AFA|isbn=978-0-86690-463-6|page=1}}</ref> ''[[Enuma anu enlil]]'', anu ditulis dina mangsa periode [[Neo-Assyria]] abad ka-7 SM,<ref>{{cite book|volume=8|series=State Archives of Assyria|title=Astrological reports to Assyrian kings|editor=Hermann Hunger|year=1992|publisher=Helsinki University Press|isbn=951-570-130-9}}</ref> eusina ngawengku daptar [[omen]] (tanda alam) sarta hubunganana sareng rupa-rupa fénoména langit, kalebet gerakan planét-planét.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part One. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablet 63: The Venus Tablet of Ammisaduqa |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_january-march-1987_107_1/page/93 |first=W. G. |last=Lambert |year=1987 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |doi=10.2307/602955 |volume=107 |issue=1 |author2=Reiner |first2=Erica |jstor=602955 |pages=93–96}}</ref><ref name="ancientmes">{{cite journal |url=http://www.folklore.ee/Folklore/vol16/planets.pdf |format=PDF |author=Kasak, Enn; Veede, Raul |title=Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia (PDF) |journal=Electronic Journal of Folklore |accessdate=2008-02-06 |volume=16 |year=2001 |pages=7–35 |publisher=Estonian Literary Museum |editor=Mare Kõiva and Andres Kuperjanov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204141254/http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol16/planets.pdf |archive-date=2019-02-04 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204141254/http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol16/planets.pdf |date=2019-02-04 }}</ref> [[Vénus]], [[Mérkurius]], sarta planét-planét périfér (pangluarna) sapertos [[Mars]], [[Jupiter]], sarta [[Saturnus]] parantos diidéntifikasi ku para [[astronomi Babilonia|astronom Babilonia]]. Sadayana mangrupa planét anu dipikawanoh ku manusa dugi ka diciptakeunana [[téléskop]] dina awal jaman modéren.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Babylonian Observational Astronomy |author=A. Sachs |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London]] |volume=276 |issue=1257 |date=May 2, 1974 |pages=43–50 [45 & 48–9] |publisher=[[Royal Society of London]] |jstor=74273 |doi=10.1098/rsta.1974.0008 |bibcode=1974RSPTA.276...43S}}</ref> === Astronomi Yunani-Romawi === {{Tempo ogé|Astronomi Yunani}} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; float:right; margin:16px" |+ 7 Planét Ptolomeus |- style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;" | 1 <br> Bulan <br> [[File:Moon decrescent symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|☾}}]] || 2 <br> Mérkurius <br> [[File:Mercury symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|☿}}]] || 3 <br> Vénus <br> [[File:Venus symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♀}}]] || 4 <br> Panonpoé <br> [[File:Sun symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|☉}}]] || 5 <br> Mars <br> [[File:Mars symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♂}}]] || 6 <br> Jupiter <br> [[File:Jupiter symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♃}}]] || 7 <br> Saturnus <br> [[File:Saturn symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♄}}]] |} Bangsa Yunani Kuna kawitna mah henteu pati mibanda karesep sapertos bangsa Babilonia dina nalungtik perkara planét. [[Pangiring Pythagoras]] dina abad ka-6 sarta ka-5 SM rupina parantos ngamekarkeun tiori kaplanétan sorangan, anu di jerona ngajelaskeun yén Bumi, Panonpoé, Bulan, sarta planét-planét téh ngurilingan "Seuneu Tengah" anu janten puseur Alam Semesta. [[Pythagoras]] atanapi [[Parmenides]] kawartoskeun mangrupa jalma munggaran anu mampuh ngaidéntifikasi yén béntang burit sarta béntang isuk ([[Vénus]]) téh saenyana mangrupa hiji banda langit anu sarua.<ref name="burnet">{{cite book|first=John|last=Burnet|title= Greek philosophy: Thales to Plato|year=1950|publisher=Macmillan and Co.|pages=7–11|url=http://books.google.com/?id=7yUAmmqHHEgC&pg=PR4|accessdate=2008-02-07|isbn=978-1-4067-6601-1}}</ref> Dina abad ka-3 SM, [[Aristarkhus ti Samos]] ngusulkeun sistem [[heliosentrisme|hélioséntris]], anu mibanda harti yén Bumi sarta planét téh ngalingkung Panonpoé. Nanging, sistem géoséntris tetep janten anggepan utama (didominasi) dina peradaban dunya dugi ka lumangsungna [[Révolusi Ilmiah]]. Dina [[periode Hélénistik]] abad ka-1 SM, bangsa Yunani mimiti ngamekarkeun skéma matématika pikeun maham sarta ngira-ngira posisi planét-planét. Ieu skéma anu dumasar kana géométri, bénten sareng aritmetika Babilonia, nu satuluyna ngajantenkeun tiori kaplanétan langkung kompléks sarta pepek. Kalolobaan gerakan astronomis anu dititénan ti Bumi ku panon sacara langsung téh diukur ngagunakeun ieu skéma. Tiori Yunani ieu nembé tiasa dijelaskeun sacara mundel dina kitab ''[[Almagest]]'' karya [[Ptolomeus]] dina abad ka-2 M. Modél Ptolomeus téh kacida lengkepna sarta dominan, dugi ka sadaya tiori astronomi sateuacanna dianggap parantos katingaleun jaman (basi), sarta ''Almagest'' janten téks astronomi resmi di dunya Kulon salami 13 abad.<ref name="practice" /><ref name="almagest" /> Bangsa Yunani sarta Romawi mikawanoh tujuh planét, anu masing-masing dianggap [[modél géoséntris|ngurilingan Bumi]] luyu sareng hukum kompléks Ptolomeus. Éta planét-planét téh nyaéta (luyu sareng urutan Ptolomeus ti Bumi): Bulan, Mérkurius, Vénus, Panonpoé, Mars, Jupiter, sarta Saturnus.<ref name="oed">{{cite web | url= http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50180718?query_type=word&queryword=planet |publisher = Oxford English Dictionary | title = planet, n | accessdate=2008-02-07|year=2007}} ''Note: select the Etymology tab ''</ref><ref name="almagest">{{cite journal |first=Bernard R. |last=Goldstein |title=Saving the phenomena: the background to Ptolemy's planetary theory | journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy |volume=28 |issue=1 |year=1997 |pages=1–12 |location=Cambridge (UK) |bibcode=1997JHA....28....1G}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ptolemy's Almagest|author= Ptolemy|authorlink=Ptolemy|author2=[[G. J. Toomer|Toomer, G. J.]]|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-691-00260-6}}</ref> === India === {{main|Astronomi India|Kosmologi Hindu}} Dina taun 499 CE, astronom India [[Aryabhata]] nyusun modél planét anu ngalebetkeun unsur [[rotasi Bumi]] dina sumbuna. Anjeunna ngajelaskeun yén éta hal téh mangrupa sabab musabab béntang-béntang katingal obah ka arah kulon. Aryabhata ogé mibanda kayakinan yén orbit planét téh wangunna [[élips]].<ref>J. J. O'Connor and E. F. Robertson, [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Aryabhata_I.html Aryabhata the Elder], [[MacTutor History of Mathematics archive]]''<nowiki/>''</ref> Pangiring Aryabhata kacida seueurna di [[India Kidul]], hiji wewengkon di mana prinsip-prinsip ngeunaan rotasi diurnal Bumi diaku, sarta sababaraha karya susulan anu dumasar kana éta tiori parantos dihasilkeun.<ref>[[K. V. Sarma|Sarma, K. V.]] (1997) "Astronomy in India" in [[Helaine Selin|Selin, Helaine]] (editor) ''Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures'', Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 0-7923-4066-3, p. 116</ref> Dina taun 1500, [[Nilakantha Somayaji]] ti [[madhab astronomi sarta matématika Kerala]] parantos ngaropéa (ngarévisi) modél Aryabhata dina karyana anu judulna ''[[Tantrasangraha]]''.<ref name="MOPM">{{cite journal |title=Model of planetary motion in the works of Kerala astronomers |last==Ramasubramanian |first=K. |journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India |volume=26 |pages=11–31 [23–4] |year=1998 |bibcode=1998BASI...26...11R}}</ref> Dina ''Aryabhatiyabhasya'', anu mangrupa ulasan (koméntar) kana kitab ''Aryabhatiya'' karya Aryabhata, anjeunna ngamekarkeun modél planét di mana Mérkurius, Vénus, Mars, Jupiter, sarta Saturnus téh ngalingkung Panonpoé, sedengkeun Panonpoé ngurilingan Bumi. Ieu modél téh sawanda sareng [[sistim Tychonik]] anu diusulkeun ku [[Tycho Brahe]] dina ahir abad ka-16. Kalolobaan astronom ti madhab Kerala anu janten pangiringna nampi éta modél planét hasil usulanana.<ref name="MOPM" /><ref>Ramasubramanian etc. (1994)</ref> === Astronomi Islam abad pertengahan === {{main|Astronomi Islam abad pertengahan|Kosmologi Islam}} Dina abad ka-11, kajadian [[transit Vénus]] parantos dititénan ku [[Ibnu Sina]], anu satuluyna netepkeun yén [[Vénus]] téh aya kalana nuju aya di handapeun Panonpoé.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ibn Sīnā: Abū ʿAlī al‐Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Sīnā |author=Sally P. Ragep |editor=Thomas Hockey |encyclopedia=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |year=2007 |pages=570–572 |doi=10.1888/0333750888/3736 |bibcode=2000eaa..bookE3736. |isbn=0-333-75088-8}}</ref> Dina abad ka-12, [[Ibnu Bajjah]] nitenan ayana "dua planét anu mangrupa titik hideung dina beungeut Panonpoé", anu dina mangsa nu bakal datang dipikawanoh salaku [[transit Mérkurius]] sarta Vénus ku astronom ti [[Observatorium Maragheh|Maragha]], [[Qotb al-Din Shirazi]], dina abad ka-13.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of oriental astronomy: proceedings of the joint discussion-17 at the 23rd General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, organised by the Commission 41 (History of Astronomy), held in Kyoto, August 25–26, 1997|author=S. M. Razaullah Ansari|publisher=Springer|year=2002|isbn=1-4020-0657-8|page=137}}</ref> Nanging hanjakalna, Ibnu Bajjah dianggap pamohalan upami parantos nitenan transit Vénus, jalaran éta fénoména téh saenyana henteu kantos lumangsung saumur hirup anjeunna.<ref name="transit catalog">{{cite web|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/transit/catalog/VenusCatalog.html|author=Fred Espenak|publisher= NASA/GSFC|title=Six millennium catalog of Venus transits: 2000 BCE to 4000 CE|accessdate=11 February 2012}}</ref> === Renaisans Éropa === {{Tempo ogé|Hélioséntrisme}} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; float:right; margin:16px" |- style="background:#ccf; font-size:smaller;" |+ Planét Renaisans, s.k. 1543 dugi ka 1781 |- style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;" | 1 <br> Mérkurius <br> [[File:Mercury symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|☿}}]] || 2 <br> Vénus <br> [[File:Venus symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♀}}]] || 3 <br> Bumi <br> [[File:Earth symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|🜨}}]] || 4 <br> Mars <br> [[File:Mars symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♂}}]] || 5 <br> Jupiter <br> [[File:Jupiter symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♃}}]] || 6 <br> Saturnus <br> [[File:Saturn symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♄}}]] |} Ku dimimitianana [[Révolusi Ilmiah]], wangenan (définisi) kecap "planét" téh robah sacara sasar (mendasar); anu kawitna dianggap salaku objék anu bagerak di langit (rélatif kana [[béntang maneuh|latar béntang]]), janten banda anu ngurilingan Bumi (géoséntris), sarta ahirna janten banda anu sacara langsung ngalilingan Panonpoé (hélioséntris). Ieu parobahan téh lumangsung sabada [[modél hélioséntris]] karya [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]], [[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]], sarta [[Johannes Kepler|Kepler]] mimiti ditarima ku masarakat élmuwan dina abad ka-16. [Image of Heliocentric model of the solar system] Ku kituna, Bumi sorangan mimiti dilebetkeun kana daptar planét,<ref name="galileo_project" /> samentara Panonpoé sarta Bulan mah dikaluarkeun tina éta daptar. Nalika satelit-satelit munggaran Jupiter sarta Saturnus kapanggih dina abad ka-17, istilah "planét" sarta "satelit" téh mimitina mah mindeng dipaké silih ganti. Nanging, istilah "satelit" janten beuki umum sarta baku dipaké dina abad salajengna.<ref>Tempo sitasi utama di [[:en:Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons#References|Garis waktu papanggihan planét-planét Tata Surya jeung bulanna]]</ref> Dugi ka pertengahan abad ka-19, jumlah "planét" téh nambihan kacida gancangna, jalaran unggal banda anyar anu kapanggih ngurilingan Panonpoé téh langsung digolongkeun salaku planét ku komunitas élmuwan. === Abad ka-19 === {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; float:right; margin:16px" |+ Planét anyar, 1807–1845 |- style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;" | 1 <br> Merkurius <br> [[file:Mercury symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|☿}}]] || 2 <br> Vénus <br> [[file:Venus symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♀}}]] || 3 <br> Bumi <br> [[file:Earth symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|🜨}}]] || 4 <br> Mars <br> [[file:Mars symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♂}}]] || 5 <br> Vésta <br> [[file:Vesta symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|⚶}}]] || 6 <br> Juno <br> [[file:Juno symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|⚵}}]] || 7 <br> Cérés <br> [[file:Ceres symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|⚳}}]] || 8 <br> Pallas <br> [[file:Pallas symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|⚴}}]] || 9 <br> Yupiter <br> [[file:Jupiter symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♃}}]] || 10 <br> Saturnus <br> [[file:Saturn symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♄}}]] || 11 <br> Uranus <br> [[file:Uranus symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♅}}]] |} Dina abad ka-19, para astronom mimiti sadar yén banda-banda anyar anu saméméhna digolongkeun salaku planét salila ampir satengah abad (saperti [[Ceres (planét kerdil)|Cérés]], [[2 Pallas|Pallas]], sarta [[4 Vesta|Vésta]]) miboga sipat anu jauh béda ti planét tradisional. Banda-banda ieu aya dina kawasan anu sarua antara Mars jeung Yupiter ([[sabuk astéroid]]) sarta miboga massa anu jauh leuwih leutik. Ku lantaran kitu, objék-objék kasebut mimiti digolongkeun salaku "[[astéroid]]". [Image of the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter] Alatan can aya wangenan (definisi) resmi, kecap "planét" dina mangsa éta dipikaharti salaku banda "badag" naon baé anu ngulilingan Panonpoé. Sanggeus kanyahoan aya bédana ukuran anu kacida badag antara astéroid jeung planét, sarta dituturkeun ku kapanggihna [[Néptunus]] dina taun 1846, kabutuhan pikeun miboga wangenan resmi jadi beuki kuat.<ref>{{cite web |last =Hilton |first =James L. |date =2001-09-17 |url =http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |title =When Did the Asteroids Become Minor Planets? |publisher =U.S. Naval Observatory |accessdate =2007-04-08 |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070921162818/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |archivedate =2007-09-21 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612180437/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |date=2016-06-12 }}</ref> === Abad ka-20 === {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; clear:right; float:right; margin:16px" |- style="background:#ccf; font-size:smaller;" |+ Planét 1854–1930, 2006–ayeuna |- style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;" | 1 <br> Mérkurius <br> [[File:Mercury symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|☿}}]] || 2 <br> Venus <br> [[File:Venus symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♀}}]] || 3 <br> Bumi <br> [[File:Earth symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|🜨}}]] || 4 <br> Mars <br> [[File:Mars symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♂}}]] || 5 <br> Jupiter <br> [[File:Jupiter symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♃}}]] || 6 <br> Saturnus <br> [[File:Saturn symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♄}}]] || 7 <br> Uranus <br> [[File:Uranus symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♅}}]] || 8 <br> Neptunus <br> [[File:Neptune symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♆}}]] |} Dina abad ka-20, [[Pluto]] dipanggihkeun. Sanggeus saruntuyan pangamatan awal nyimpulkeun banda ieu leuwih gedé tibatan Bumi,<ref>{{cite book|title = Planet Quest: The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems|url = https://archive.org/details/planetquestepicd0000cros|first = K.|last=Croswell|publisher = The Free Press|year = 1997|page = [https://archive.org/details/planetquestepicd0000cros/page/57 57]|isbn = 978-0-684-83252-4}}</ref> objék ieu langsung ditarima sabagé planét kasalapan. Pangamatan saterusna justru ngabuktikeun yén banda ieu ukuranana leuwih leutik: tahun 1936, [[Raymond Lyttleton]] boga pamadegan yén Pluto bisa jadi satelit [[Néptunus]] anu kaluar jalur,<ref>{{cite journal | last=Lyttleton |first=Raymond A. |year=1936 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=97 |page=108 |title= On the possible results of an encounter of Pluto with the Neptunian system |bibcode=1936MNRAS..97..108L}}</ref> jeung dina taun 1964 [[Fred Lawrence Whipple|Fred Whipple]] boga pamadegan yén Pluto meureun baé mangrupa komét.<ref>{{cite journal | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=52 |pages=565–594 |last=Whipple |first=Fred |year=1964 |bibcode=1964PNAS...52..565W |title= The History of the Solar System |doi= 10.1073/pnas.52.2.565 | pmid=16591209 | issue=2 | pmc=300311}}</ref> Ngan lantaran ukuranana leuwih gedé tibatan kabéh astéroid anu dipikanyaho sarta sigana henteu éksis di jero populasi anu leuwih gedé,<ref>{{cite journal | journal=Scientific American |year=1996 |pages=46–52 |last=Luu |first=Jane X. |author2=Jewitt, David C. |title=The Kuiper Belt | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1996-05_274_5/page/n55 |volume=274 |issue=5 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0596-46}}</ref> status Pluto tetep planet nepi ka taun 2006. {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; clear:right; float:right; margin:16px" |- style="background:#ccf; font-size:smaller;" |+ Planet 1930–2006 |- style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;" | 1 <br> Merkurius <br> [[File:Mercury symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|☿}}]] || 2 <br> Venus <br> [[File:Venus symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♀}}]] || 3 <br> Bumi <br> [[File:Earth symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|🜨}}]] || 4 <br> Mars <br> [[File:Mars symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♂}}]] || 5 <br> Jupiter <br> [[File:Jupiter symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♃}}]] || 6 <br> Saturnus <br> [[File:Saturn symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♄}}]] || 7 <br> Uranus <br> [[File:Uranus symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♅}}]] || 8 <br> Neptunus <br> [[File:Neptune symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♆}}]] || 9 <br> Pluto <br> [[File:Pluto symbol (large orb).svg|16px|{{unicode|♇}}]] |} Dina taun 1992, astronom [[Aleksander Wolszczan]] jeung [[Dale Frail]] manggihan sajumlah planét anu ngurilingan hiji [[pulsar]], [[PSR B1257+12]].<ref name="Wolszczan" /> Papanggihan ieu umumna dianggap minangka detéksi pasti kana sistim planit anu ngabuder béntang lian. Tuluy dina 6 Oktober 1995, [[Michel Mayor]] jeung [[Didier Queloz]] ti [[Universitas Jenewa]] ngalaksanakeun detéksi pasti kahiji ka éksoplanét anu ngurilingan hiji béntang [[deret utama]] biasa ([[51 Pegasi]]).<ref name="Mayor">{{cite journal | last=Mayor |first=Michel |author2=Queloz, Didier | title=A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star | journal=Nature | year=1995 | volume=378 | issue=6356 | pages=355–359 | doi= 10.1038/378355a0 | bibcode=1995Natur.378..355M}}</ref> Papanggihan planét luar surya nungtung kana ambiguitas séjén ngeunaan définisi planet, dina titik waktu planit ngajadi béntang. Réa planit luar surya anu enggeus dipikanyaho massana leuwih gedé tibatan Jupiter, ngadeukeutan banda-banda béntang anu dikenal sabagé "[[katé coklat]]".<ref>{{cite web | year=2006 |title=IAU General Assembly: Definition of Planet debate | url=http://astro2006.meta.mediastream.cz/Astro2006-060822-01.asx |format=.wmv |publisher=MediaStream.cz |accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Katé coklat umumna dianggap béntang sabab mampuh ngalakukeun fusi [[deuterium]], isotop [[hidrogén]] anu leuwih beurat. Lamun béntang anu ukuranana 75 kalieun Jupiter mampuh ngafusikeun hidrogén, ngan béntang anu ukuranana 13 kalieun Jupiter anu bisa ngafusikeun deuterium. Tatapi, deuterium rada langka jeung sabagian gedé katé coklat enggeus tiheula anggeus ngafusikeun deuterium saméméh dipanggihkeun, nu matak hésé dibédakeun ti planit-planit supermasif.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Basri |first=Gibor |title= Observations of Brown Dwarfs |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |year=2000 |volume=38 | issue=1 |page=485 |doi=10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.485 |bibcode=2000ARA&A..38..485B}}</ref> === Abad ka-21 === Ku dipanggihanana réa objék di Tata Surya jeung objék anu leuwih gedé di sistim lian dina paruh akhir abad ka-20, timbul pamasalahan ngeunaan hal-hal anu ngawangun hiji planit. Aya sawala ngeunaan naha hiji objék bisa dianggap planit lamun ayana di jero populasi jauh saperti [[sabuk astéroid|sabuk]] atawa cukup gedé pikeun nyiptakeun énergi sorangan ngaliwatan [[fusi termonuklir]] [[deuterium]]. Réa astronom anu boga pamadegan supaya Pluto dikaluarkan ti kolompok planit, sabab réa banda sajinis anu ukuranana siga dipanggihkeun di wilayah Tata Surya anu sarua ([[sabuk Kuiper]]) dina tauun 1990-an jeung awal 2000-an. Pluto kabuktian nya ngan hiji banda leutik di antarana barébu-rébu banda sarupa lianna. Sajumlah banda saperti [[50000 Quaoar|Quaoar]], [[90377 Sedna|Sedna]], jeung [[Eris (planit katé)|Eris]] disebutkeun minangka [[planet kasapuluh]] ku pers, tatapi henteu diakuan sacara jembar ku komunitas ilmuwan. Papanggihan Eris taun 2005, banda anu 27% leuwih gedé tibatab Pluto, nyiptakeun rasa panasaran publik ngeunaan définisi planét sacara resmi. Nénjo masalah ieu, IAU ngarancang [[définisi planét]] sarta netepkeunana dina Agustus 2006. Jumlah planét ngurangan ngajadi dalapan banda gedé anu enggeus "[[ngaberesihkeun lingkungan|ngaberesihkeun]]" orbitna (Mérkurius, Vénus, Bumi, Mars, Jupiter, Saturnus, Uranus, jeung Neptunus). IAU ogé nyieun kolompok [[planét katé]] anu awalna ditempatan tilu banda ([[Ceres (planet katé)|Ceres]], [[Pluto]], jeung [[Eris (planet katé)|Eris]]).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Green |first=D. W. E. |version=Circular No. 8747 |publisher=Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams, International Astronomical Union |date=2006-09-13 |title=(134340) Pluto, (136199) Eris, and (136199) Eris I (Dysnomia) |url=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08700/08747.html |accessdate=2011-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624225029/http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/special/08747.pdf |archivedate=2008-06-24 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==== Définisi planét luar surya ==== Pada tahun 2003, [[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) Working Group on Extrasolar Planets nyieun pertélaan ngeunaan définisi planit anu ngawengku définisi pamuka kieu, réréana fokus kana watesan antara planit jeung katé coklat:<ref name="WSGESP" /> {{TNO imagemap|250px}} # Objék anu [[massa sajati]]na di bawah wates massa pikeun fusi térmonuklir deuterium (ayeuna ieu kaitung 13 kalieun massa Jupiter pikeun objék kalawan [[kalimpahan alami|kalimpahan isotop]] anu satimbang jeung Panonpoé<ref>{{cite journal | last=Saumon |first=D. |author2=Hubbard, W. B.; Burrows, A.; Guillot, T.; Lunine, J. I.; Chabrier, G. |title=A Theory of Extrasolar Giant Planets | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1996-04-01_460_2/page/993 |journal=Astrophysical Journal |year=1996 |volume=460 |pages=993–1018 |bibcode=1996ApJ...460..993S |doi=10.1086/177027|arxiv = astro-ph/9510046 }}</ref>) anu gorbit béntang atawa sésa béntang téh "planit" (henteu penting kumaha kawangunna). Massa jeung ukuran minimal anu disaratkeun pikeun objék luar surya supaya bisa dianggap planit kudu sarua saperti sarat planet Tata Surya. # Objek subbintang anu massa sajatina di luhur wates massa pikeun fusi termonuklir deuterium téh "[[katé coklat]]", henteu penting kumaha kawangunna atawa di mana lokasina. # Objék ngalalana bébas di [[gugus béntang]] ngora anu massana di bawah wates massa pikeun fusi térmonuklir deuterium nya lain "planit", tatapi "katé sub-coklat" (atawa ngaran naon baé anu pantes). Définisi ieu mimiti dipaké sacara jembar ku astronom waktu nerbitkeun papanggihan éksoplanét di [[jurnal akademik]].<ref>See for example the list of references for: {{cite web |author=Butler, R. P. ''et al.'' |year=2006 |url=http://exoplanets.org/ |title=Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets |publisher=University of California and the Carnegie Institution |accessdate=2008-08-23 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119143348/http://exoplanets.org/esp/hd117618/hd117618.shtml |date=2008-11-19 }}</ref> Najan samentara, definisi ieu mimiti éféktif nepi ka définisi permanén sacara resmi diadopsi. Hanjakalna, definisi ieu henteu nanganan masalah wates rendah massa,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spacedaily.com/news/outerplanets-04b.html|title=Gravity Rules: The Nature and Meaning of Planethood|last=Stern|first=S. Alan|date=2004-03-22|publisher=SpaceDaily|accessdate=2008-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104012331/http://www.spacedaily.com/news/outerplanets-04b.html|archive-date=2012-11-04}}</ref> nu matak ngajauhan kontrovérsi sabuder objék di jero Tata Surya. Définisi ieu ogé henteu nanganan status planét katé coklat anu boga orbit, saperti [[2M1207b]]. Salah sahiji définisi [[katé sub-coklat]] téh banda bamassa planet anu kawangun ngaliwatan kolaps méga, lain [[akresi (astrofisika)|akresi]]. Pangbéda pambentukan antara katé sub-coklat jeung planit ieu tacan diakuan sacara universal. Para astronom masih kabagi jadi dua kubu dina nimbangkeun prosés pambentukan planit minangka bagéan tina pangolompokanana.<ref name="Cha110913">{{cite web |date=2005-11-29 |title=A Planet With Planets? Spitzer Finds Cosmic Oddball |publisher=NASA |author=Whitney Clavin |url=http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/spitzerf-20051129.html |accessdate=2006-03-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011011111/http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/spitzerf-20051129.html |archivedate=2012-10-11 }}</ref> Hiji alesan kakuciwaan ieu téh kadang pamohalan nangtukeun prosés pambentukan planit. Upamana, planit pangorbit béntang anu kawangun ku akresi bisa kaalungkeun ti sistim tur jadi pangalalana bébas. Sabalikna, katé sub-coklat anu kawangun ku kolaps méga kawangun sorangan di hiji gugus béntang anu bisa kataheun dina orbit hiji béntang. {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; float:right; margin:16px" |- style="background:#ccf; font-size:smaller;" |+ Planét katai 2007–ayeuna |- style="font-size: smaller;" align=center | Ceres <br /> [[File:Ceres symbol.svg|16px|⚳]] || Orcus <br /> [[File:Orcus symbol.svg|16px]] || Pluto <br /> [[File:Pluto symbol (large orb).svg|16px|⯓]] || Haumea <br /> [[File:Haumea symbol.svg|16px]] || Quaoar <br /> [[File:Quaoar symbol.svg|16px]] || Makemake <br /> [[File:Makemake symbol.svg|16px]] || Gonggong <br /> [[File:Gonggong symbol.svg|16px]] || Eris <br /> [[File:Eris symbol.svg|16px|⯰]] || Sedna <br /> [[File:Sedna symbol.svg|16px|⯲]] |} Sarat 13 kali massa Jupiter téh kira-kira, lain hal anu sipatna pasti. Hiji pananya gé muncul: Naon ari [[pangbakaran deuterium]] téh? Pananya ieu muncul karana objék-objék gedé bakal ngaduruk sabagian gedé deuteriumna jeung objék leutik ngan meuleum saeutik, jeung 13 massa Jupiter ayana di antara duanana. Jumlah deuterium anu dibeuleum henteu ngan gumantung kana massa, tatapi ogé komposisi planétna, tepatna dina jumlah [[hélium]] jeung [[deuterium]] nu aya.<ref>{{cite arxiv |eprint=1008.5150 |author1=Spiegel |author2=Adam Burrows |author3=Milsom |title=The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets |class=astro-ph.EP |year=2010}}</ref> Kriteria séjén anu misahkeun planit jeung katé coklat salian ti pangbakaran deuterium, prosés pambentukan, atawa lokasi téh naha [[tekenan]] intina didominasi ku [[tekenan lateral bumi#Teori Coulomb|tekenan coulomb]] atawa [[tekenan degenerasi éléktron]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Basri, Gibor; Brown, Michael E.|doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058 |journal=Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. |volume=34 |title=Planetesimals To Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet? |pages=193–216 |year=2006 |arxiv=astro-ph/0608417 |bibcode=2006AREPS..34..193B}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Boss, Alan P. |author2=Basri, Gibor |author3=Kumar, Shiv S. |author4=Liebert, James |author5=Martín, Eduardo L. |author6=Reipurth, Bo |author7=Zinnecker, Hans |title=Nomenclature: Brown Dwarfs, Gas Giant Planets, and ? |journal=Brown Dwarfs |volume=211 |page=529 |year=2003 |bibcode=2003IAUS..211..529B |author2=Basri |author3=Kumar |author4=Liebert |author5=Martín |author6=Reipurth |author7=Zinnecker}}</ref> ==== Definisi 2006 ====<!-- maybe: Rigorous definition --> {{main|Definisi planet IAU}} Masalah watesan rendah ditepikeun dina rapat [[Persatuan Astronomi Internasional#Majelis Umum ke-XXVI dan definisi planet|Majelis Umum IAU]] taun 2006. Sanggeus debat panjang jeung hiji proposal gagal, majelis mungut soara pikeun ngesahkan résolusi anu ngadéfinisikeun planét di Tata Surya sabagé:<ref name="IAU2">{{cite web |author =Staff |year =2006 |url =http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0603/ |title =IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU resolution votes |publisher =IAU |accessdate =2007-05-11 |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20080913172129/http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0603/ |archivedate =2008-09-13 }}</ref> {{quotation|Objék langit anu (a) ayana di orbit ngabuder Panonpoé, (b) miboga massa anu cukup supaya gravitasina ngaleuwihan gaya banda tegar sahingga miboga [[kasatimbangan hidrostatik]] (méh buleud), jeung (c) enggeus [[meresihkeun lingkungan]] di sabudereun orbitna.}} Sasuay définisi téa, Tata Surya dianggap miboga dalapan planit. Banda-banda anu minuhan dua sarat kahiji tapi henteu nu katilu (saperti Pluto, Makemake, jeung Eris) dikolompokkeun sabagé [[planit katé]] kalawan sarat maranéhna ogé lain mangrupa [[satelit alami]] planit séjén. Awalna komite IAU gusulkan définisi anu ngawengku réa planit karana poin (c) tacan dijieun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4795755.stm|title=Planets plan boosts tally 12|publisher=BBC|date=2006-08-16|accessdate=2008-08-23|first=Paul|last=Rincon}}</ref> Sanggeus diskusi panjang, pamungutan soara satuluyna mutuskeun banda-banda téa digolongkeun planit katé.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/5282440.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Pluto loses status as a planet|date=2006-08-24|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Definisi ieu didasarkeun kana tiori-tiori pambentukan planit, nyaéta waktu embrio planit enggeus meresihkeun orbitna tina objek-objek leutik. Saperti anu diécéskeun astronom [[Steven Soter]]:<ref>{{cite journal | last = Soter |first = Steven |title = What is a Planet | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomical-journal_2006-12_132_6/page/2513 |journal = Astronomical Journal |volume = 132 |issue = 6 |pages = 2513–19 |year = 2006 |doi=10.1086/508861 |arxiv=astro-ph/0608359 |bibcode=2006AJ....132.2513S}}</ref> {{quotation|Hasil ahir tina akresi cakram kadua téh saeutikna banda anu relatif gedé (planit) boh di orbit bèbas atawa resonan anu nyegah tabrakan antarbanda. Planit jeung komét leutik, kaabus KBO [objék beubeur Kuiper] aya bédana ti planit sabab bisa patabrakan jeung planit atawa pada batur.}} Pasca pamungutan soara IAU taun 2006, muncul kontroversi jeung sawala sabuder definisi ieu.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5283956.stm|title=Pluto vote 'hijacked' in revolt|first=Paul|last=Rincon|date=2006-08-25|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | date=2006-08-24 |first=Robert Roy |last=Britt |title=Pluto Demoted: No Longer a Planet in Highly Controversial Definition |work= Space.com |url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060824_planet_definition.html |accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Réa astronom anu mutuskeun henteu ngagunakeunana.<ref>{{cite web | date=2006-08-31 |first=Robert Roy |last=Britt |title=Pluto: Down But Maybe Not Out |work= Space.com |url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060831_planet_definition.html |accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Sabagian sawala téa museurk kana kayakinan yén poin (c) (meresihkeun orbit) sakuduna henteu disartakeun jeung objék-objék anu ayeuna dikatégorikeun planit katé kuduna ngajadi bagéan tina définisi planit anu leuwih jembar. Di luar komunitas ilmuwan, Pluto miboga dampak budaya anu kuat di masarakat sabab status planitna ti semet dipanggihkeun taun 1930. Papanggihan Eris diwartakeun gedé-gedéan ku [[média massa|media]] minangka [[planit kasapuluh]], sahingga klasifikasi ulang katilu objék téa minangka planit katé loba narik ati média jeung publik.<ref>{{cite news|first=Clara|last=Moskowitz|title=Scientist who found '10th planet' discusses downgrading of Pluto|publisher=Stanford news|date=2006-10-18|url=http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2006/october18/mbrown-101806.html|accessdate=2008-08-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513221522/http://news.stanford.edu/news/2006/october18/mbrown-101806.html |date=2013-05-13 }}</ref> === Klasifikasi sateuacana === Tabél di handap ieu dieusi daftar banda-banda [[Tata Surya]] anu saméméhna diklasifikasikeun minangka planit: {| class="wikitable" |- ! |Banda ! |Klasifikasi mutahir ! |Catetan |- | [[Bulan]] || Satelit | style="font-size:90%;"| Digolongkeun minangka planit dina [[sajarah kuna|zaman antik]] saluyu [[modél géoséntris]] anu ayeuna kolot. |- | [[Io (satelit)|Io]], [[Europa (satelit)|Europa]], [[Ganimédé (satelit)|Ganimédé]], jeung [[Callisto (satelit)|Callisto]] || Satelit | style="font-size:90%;"| Opat satelit panggedéna [[Jupiter]], katelah ogé [[satelit-satelit Galileo]]. [[Galileo Galilei]] nyebutna "Planit-Planit Medici" anu dialap tina ngaran [[Patronase|patronnya]], [[Medici|kulawarga Medici]]. |- | [[Titan (satelit)|Titan]],<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteB>Referred to by Huygens as a ''Planetes novus'' ("new planet") in his [http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/HST/Huygens/huygens-text.htm ''Systema Saturnium'']</ref> [[Iapetus (satelit)|Iapetus]],{{refn|Both labelled ''nouvelles planétes'' (new planets) by Cassini in his ''Découverte de deux nouvelles planetes autour de Saturne''<ref>Giovanni Cassini (1673). Decouverte de deux Nouvelles Planetes autour de Saturne. Sabastien Mabre-Craniusy. pp. 6–14.</ref>|name=footnoteC|group=lower-alpha}} [[Rhea (satelit)|Rhea]],<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteC /> [[Tethys (satelit)|Tethys]],<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteD>Both once referred to as "planets" by Cassini in his [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0260-7085%281686%2F1692%2916%3C79%3AAEOTJD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J ''An Extract of the Journal Des Scavans...'']. The term "satellite", however, had already begun to be used to distinguish such bodies from those around which they orbited ("primary planets").</ref> dan [[Dione (satelit)|Dione]]<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteD /> || Satelit | style="font-size:90%;"| Lima [[satelit Saturnus|satelit panggedéna Saturnus]], ditimukeun ku [[Christiaan Huygens]] jeung [[Giovanni Domenico Cassini]]. |- | [[Ceres (planit katé)|Ceres]]<ref group="lower-alpha">Classified as a [[dwarf planet]] in 2006.</ref>|| Planit katé | rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="font-size:90%;"| [[Astéroid]] kahiji anu dipikanyaho ti semet ditimukeun antara 1801 jeung 1807 tepi ka digolongkeun deui jadi astéroid taun 1850-an.<ref>{{cite web |author=Hilton, James L. |title=When did the asteroids become minor planets? |work=U.S. Naval Observatory |url=http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |accessdate=2008-05-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324182332/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |archivedate=2008-03-24 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612180437/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |date=2016-06-12 }}</ref> Ceres enggeus digolongkeun jadi [[planit katé]] taun 2006. |- | [[2 Pallas|Pallas]], [[3 Juno|Juno]], dan [[4 Vesta|Vesta]] || Asteroid |- | [[5 Astraea|Astrea]], [[6 Hebe|Hebe]], [[7 Iris|Iris]], [[8 Flora|Flora]], [[9 Metis|Metis]], [[10 Hygiea|Hygeia]], [[11 Parthenope|Parthenope]], [[12 Victoria|Victoria]], [[13 Egeria|Egeria]], [[14 Irene|Irene]], [[15 Eunomia|Eunomia]] || Astéroid | style="font-size:90%;"| Réa astéroid ditimukeun antara 1845 jeung 1851. Kamekaran daftar planit anu téréh ngajurung pangolompokan ulang banda-banda ieu sabagé astéroid ku para astronom. Klaim ieu kakara diakua dina taun 1854.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Planet Hygea |year=1849 |work=spaceweather.com |url=http://spaceweather.com/swpod2006/13sep06/Pollock1.jpg |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> |- | [[Pluto]]<ref group="lower-alpha">Regarded as a planet from its discovery in 1930 until redesignated as a [[Trans-Neptunian object|trans-Neptunian]] dwarf planet in August 2006.</ref>|| Planit katé | style="font-size:90%;"| [[Banda trans-Néptunus]] kahiji anu dipikanyaho (nyaéta planet minor kalawan [[sumbu semi-mayor]] di luar [[Néptunus]]). Dina taun 2006, Pluto digolongkeun jadi planit katé. |- | [[Eris (planit katé)|Eris]] || Planit katé | style="font-size:90%;"| Ditimukeun taun 2003, banda trans-Neputunus ieu diakuan dina taun 2005 saméméh tungtungna digolongkeun jadi planit katé saperti [[Pluto]] dina taun 2006. |} == Mitologi jeung paméré ngaran == {{see also|Nama hari|Planet mata telanjang}} [[File:Olympians.jpg|jmpl|kiri|lurus|250px|Dewa-dewa [[Gunung Olympus|Olympus]] yang menjadi sumber nama planet di Tata Surya]] Ngaran-ngaran planit di dunya Barat asalna ti praktik paméré ngaran Romawi, anu justru asalna ti kabiasaan bangsa Yunani jeung Babilonia. Di [[Yunani kuna]], dua objék moncorong raksasa, Panonpoé jeung Bulan, disebut ''[[Helios]]'' jeung ''[[Selene]]''; planit pangjauhna (Saturnus) disebut ''Phainon'', sang panerang; diikuti oleh ''Phaethon'' (Jupiter), "cerah"; planit beureum (Mars) katelah ku sesebutan ''Pyroeis'', "ngagedur"; planit pangcaangna (Venus) disebut ''Phosphoros'', pamawa cahaya;jeung planit panungtung (Merkurius) disebut ''Stilbon'', marahmay. Bangsa Yunani ogé nyieun satiap planit suci keur ka salah sahiji déwana, [[Dua Welas Déwa Olimpus]]: Helios jeung Selene téh ngaran planit jeung déwa; Phainon disanggakeun ka [[Cronus]], [[Titan (mitologi)|Titan]] anu mangrupa bapana para déwa Olimpus; Phaethon disanggakeun ka [[Zeus]], putra Cronus anu ngagulingkeunana ti tahta raja; Pyroeis disanggakeun ka [[Ares]], putra Zeus jeung déwa perang; Phosphoros dipingpin ku [[Afrodit]], déwi asih; jeung [[Hermes]], perantara para déwa jeung déwa élmu jeung akal, mingpin Stilbon.<ref name="practice">{{cite book|title=The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy|first=James|last=Evans|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|pages=296–7|url=http://books.google.com/?id=nS51_7qbEWsC&pg=PA17 |accessdate=2008-02-04|isbn=978-0-19-509539-5}}</ref> Adat kabiasaan bangsa Yunani dina maparin nami-nami planét dumasar kana nami déwana téh ampir sagemblengna mangrupa pangaruh ti kabiasaan bangsa [[Babilonia]]. Bangsa Babilonia nyandak nami [[Hesperus#Variasi nama|Phosphoros]] tina nami déwi asihna, nyaéta ''[[Ishtar]]''; Pyroeis tina nami déwa perang, ''[[Nergal]]''; Stilbon tina nami déwa kawijaksanaan, [[Nabu]]; sarta Phaethon tina nami déwa pamingpin, nyaéta ''[[Marduk]]''.<ref name="nergal">{{cite web |first=Kelley L. |last=Ross |year=2005 |title=The Days of the Week |url=http://www.friesian.com/week.htm |publisher=The Friesian School |accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Aya seueur kasaruaan dina aturan paparin nami antara bangsa Yunani sarta Babilonia, sanajan kaduana mibanda bentang jaman anu bénten.<ref name="practice" /> Nanging, tarjamahanana henteu salawasna sampurna. Contona, Nergal ti Babilonia téh mangrupa déwa perang, ku kituna bangsa Yunani nyaruakeun anjeunna sareng Ares. Nanging bénten sareng Ares, Nergal mah saenyana ogé dianggap salaku déwa panyakit sarta alam ahérat.<ref>{{cite book|title=Martian Metamorphoses: The Planet Mars in Ancient Myth and Tradition|first=Ev|last=Cochrane|year=1997|publisher=Aeon Press|url=http://books.google.com/?id=jz3eqRGuM0wC&pg=PP9&dq=ares+nergal+planet+pestilence|accessdate=2008-02-07|isbn=0-9656229-0-8}}</ref> Kiwari, réa jelema di dunya Barat mikawanoh planit kalawan ngaran-ngaran anu dialap tina déwa-déwa Olympus. Lamun bangsa Yunani modéren masih maké ngaran kuna pikeun nyebut planit, sawatara basa Éropa justru maké ngaran Romawi (Latén) karana pangaruh [[Kekaisaran Romawi|Kakaisaran Romawi]] jeung [[Gereja Katolik|Garéja Katolik]]. Bangsa Romawi, saperti Yunani, nyaéta [[mitologi Indo-Eropa|urang Indo-Eropa]] anu silih babagi [[mitologi Romawi|mitologi]] jeung ngaran-ngaran anu béda, ngan hanteu boga tradisi narasi saperti anu disanggakeun budaya sastra Yunani pikeun [[mitologi Yunani|déwa-déwana]]. Dina mangsa ahir [[Republik Romawi|Républik Romawi]], para panulis nginjeum réa pisan narasi Yunani tur ngalarapkeunana ka mitologi maranéhna nepi ka duanana hanteu bisa dibédakeun.<ref>{{cite book|title=Greek Mythography in the Roman World|url=https://archive.org/details/greekmythography0000came|first=Alan|last=Cameron|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-517121-7}}</ref> Mangsa bangsa Romawi ngulik astronomi Yunani, maranéhna méré ngaran planit luyu jeung ngaran déwa-déwana sorangan: ''[[Merkurius (mitologi)|Mercurius]]'' (keur ka Hermes), ''[[Venus (mitologi)|Venus]]'' (Afrodit), ''[[Mars (mitologi)|Mars]]'' (Ares), ''[[Jupiter (mitologi)|Iuppiter]]'' (Zeus), jeung ''[[Saturnus (mitologi)|Saturnus]]'' (Cronus). Waktu planit-planit saterusna ditimukeun dina abad ka-18 jeung 19, praktik paméréan ngaranna tumuluy pikeun ''[[Neptunus (mitologi)|Neptūnus]]'' ([[Poseidon]]). Uranus unik lantaran dialap tina ngaran [[Uranus (mitologi)|déwa Yunani]] gaganti [[Caelus|vérsi Romawina]]. Sawatara urang [[Romawi Kuno|Romawi]], saluyu kapercayaan anu meureun asalna ti [[Mesopotamia|Mésopotamia]] tatapi mekar di [[Mesir Yunani]],<!--<ref>{{cite web |first=Bill |last=Arnett |year=2006 |title=Appendix 5: Planetary Linguistics |url=http://www.nineplanets.org/days.html |publisher=www.nineplanets.org |accessdate=2008-02-02}}{{Verify credibility|date=February 2008}}</ref>--> parcaya yén tujuh déwa anu ngajadi sumber ngaran planit téa ngajaga Bumi sacara bagilir. Urutan giliran téa ti jauh ka deukeut nyaéta Saturnus, Jupiter, Mars, Matahari, Venus, Mérkurius, Bulan.<ref name="zerubavel">{{cite book|first=Eviatar|last=Zerubavel|year=1989|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-98165-7|title= The Seven Day Circle: The History and Meaning of the Week|page=14|url=http://books.google.com/?id=aGahKeojIUoC&pg=PA14|accessdate=2008-02-07}}</ref> Hasilna, poé kahiji dimimitian ku Saturnus (jam ka-1), poé kadua ku Panonpoé (jam ka-25), dituturkeun Bulan (jam ka-49), Mars, Mérkurius, Jupiter, jeung Vénus. Karana satiap poé dibéré ngaran saluyu déwa anu ngawalana, kitu deui jeung urutan [[nama hari|ngaran poé]] dina [[kalender Romawi|kalénder Romawi]] anu masih dipaké di sawatara basa modéren sanggeus [[Kalender Romawi#Siklus Nundinal|siklus Nundinal]] ditolak.<ref name="weekdays">{{cite journal | first=Michael |last=Falk |title=Astronomical Names for the Days of the Week | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-royal-astronomical-society-of-canada_1999-06_93_3/page/122 |journal=Journal of the [[Royal Astronomical Society of Canada]] |year=1999 |volume=93 |pages=122–133 |bibcode=1999JRASC..93..122F |doi=10.1016/j.newast.2003.07.002 | last2=Koresko | first2=Christopher}}</ref> Dina basa Inggris, ''Saturday, Sunday,'' jeung ''Monday'' téh tarjamahan langsung tina ngaran-ngaran Romawi ieu. Ngaran poé anu séjén asalna tina ''[[Týr|Tiw]]'', (Tuesday) ''[[Woden|Wóden]]'' (Wednesday), ''[[Thor|Thunor]]'' (Thursday), jeung ''[[Frige|Fríge]]'' (Friday), [[dewa Anglo-Saxon]] anu sarua saperti Mars, Mérkurius, Jupiter, jeung Vénus. Bumi (''Earth'') nyaéta hiji-hijina planit anu ngaranna dina basa Inggris hanteu dialap tina mitologi Yunani-Romawi. Karana Bumi sorangan kakara diakuan minangka planit dina abad ka-17,<ref name="galileo_project">{{cite web | last=Van Helden |first=Al |year=1995 |url=http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/theories/copernican_system.html |title=Copernican System |publisher=The Galileo Project |accessdate=2008-01-28}}</ref> henteu aya tradisi méréna ngaran saluyu ngaran déwa. Kecap ''Earth'' asalna tina basa [[bahasa Inggris Lama|Anglo-Saxon]] ''erda'' anu hartina daratan atau tanah tur munggaran dipaké pikeun nyebut Bumi kira-kira taun 1300.<ref>{{cite web | publisher= Oxford English Dictionary |url = http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50071589?query_type=word&queryword=earth&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&result_place=1&search_id=7aas-q054tm-4631&hilite=50071589 | title = earth, n |accessdate = 2008-02-06 |year = 1989}}</ref><ref name="etymearth">{{cite web | last = Harper | first = Douglas |date = 2001-09 |url = http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=earth |title = Earth |work= Online Etymology Dictionary |accessdate = 2008-08-23}}</ref> Sakumaha [[rumpun bahasa Jermanik|basa Jermanik]] lianna, kecap ieu asalna tina basa [[Proto-Jerman]] ''ertho'', "daratan",<ref name="etymearth"/> tur katénjo kasaruaanana dina kecap ''earth'' dina basa Inggris, ''Erde'' dina basa Jerman, ''aarde'' dina basa Walanda, jeung ''jord'' dina basa Skandinavia. Réa [[rumpun bahasa Roman|basa Roman]] anu maké kecap Roman heubeul ''[[Terra (mitologi)|terra]]'' (atawa variasina). Kecap téa dipaké ku ma'na "daratan garing", lain "laut".<ref>{{cite web |last=Harper |first=Douglas |date=2001-09 |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=terrain |title=Etymology of "terrain" |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |accessdate=2008-01-30}}</ref> Basa-basa non-Roman maké kecapna sorangan. Bangsa Yunani angger maké ngaran asli maranéhna, ''[[Gaia (mitologi)|Γή]]'' ''(Ge)''. Budaya non-Éropa maké sistim panamaan planit anu béda. [[India]] maké sistim dumasar kana [[Navagraha]], anu ngawemgku tujuh planit tradisional ([[Surya]] keur ka Panonpoé, [[Chandra]] keur ka Bulan, jeung [[Budha]], [[Shukra]], [[Mangala]], [[Bṛhaspati|{{IAST|Bṛhaspati}}]], jeung [[Shani]] keur ka Mérkurius, Vénus, Mars, Jupiter, jeung Saturnus) jeung [[nodus bulan]] unggah jeung turun [[Rahu]] jeung [[Ketu (mitologi)|Ketu]]. [[Cina]] katut jeung nagara-nagara Asia Wétan enggeus lila kakeunaan [[Sinosfer|psngaruh budaya Cina]] (saperti [[Jepang]], [[Korea|Koréa]], jeung [[Vietnam|Viétnam]]) kalawan sistim panamaan anu didasaran dina [[Wu Xing|lima unsur Cina]]: cai (Mérkurius), [[Logam (elemen klasik)|logam]] (Vénus), [[Api (elemen klasik)|seuneun]] (Mars), [[Kayu (elemen klasik)|kai]] (Jupiter), jeung [[Tanah (elemen klasik)|taneuh]] (Saturnus).<ref name="weekdays" /> == Ngawujudna == {{main|Hipotesis nebula}} [[File:Protoplanetary-disk.jpg|kiri|jmpl|250px|Ilustrasi cakram protoplanet]] Tacan dipikanyaho sacara pasti kumaha planit kawangun. Tiori anu kiwari ngadominasi téh planit kawangun mangsa hiji [[nebula|nébula]] barobah ngajadi cakram gas jeung lebu ipis. Hiji [[protobintang]] kawangun di intina tur dikurilingan ku [[cakram protoplanet]] anu muter. Ngaliwatan [[akresi (astrofisika)|akrési]] (prosés tabrakan tempel), partikel-partikel kekebul di cakram lalaunan ngumpulkeun massa pikeun ngawangun banda anu jauh leuwih gedé. Konsentrasi massa di hiji tempat disebut sabagé wangun [[planetesimal]] jeung konséntrasi téa ngagancangkeun prosés akresi ku jalan narik material tambahan ngagunakeun daya tarik gravitasina. Konséntrasi téa samingkin padet nepi ka tungtungna kolaps ka jero seug ngawangun [[protoplanet]].<ref>{{cite journal | first=G. W. |last=Wetherill |title=Formation of the Terrestrial Planets |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |year=1980 |volume=18 | issue=1 |pages=77–113 |bibcode=1980ARA&A..18...77W |doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.18.090180.000453}}</ref> Sanggeus mibanda diaméter leuwih gedé ti batan Bulan Bumi, planét téa ngawangun atmosfer tambahan, sahingga ningkatkeun daya tarik planetesimal kalawan [[gaya hambat|gaya hambat atmosfer]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=Inaba, S.; Ikoma, M. |title=Enhanced Collisional Growth of a Protoplanet that has an Atmosphere |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |year=2003 |volume=410 | issue=2 |pages=711–723 |bibcode=2003A&A...410..711I |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20031248}}</ref> [[File:PIA18469-AsteroidCollision-NearStarNGC2547-ID8-2013.jpg|jmpl|ka|300px|Tabrakan asteroid - membentuk planet (konsep artis).]] Waktu protobintang tumuwuh sakitu gedéna nepi ka bisa "ngahurungkeun diri" ngajadi [[bintang]], cakram anu nyésa dimusnakeun ti jero ka luar ku [[fotoevaporasi]], [[angin matahari|angin panonpoé]], [[efek Poynting–Robertson|gaya hambat Poynting–Robertson]], jeung pangaruh lian.<ref>{{cite journal |last =Dutkevitch |first =Diane |year =1995 |url =http://www.astro.umass.edu/theses/dianne/thesis.html |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20071125124958/http://www.astro.umass.edu/theses/dianne/thesis.html |archivedate =2007-11-25 |title =The Evolution of Dust in the Terrestrial Planet Region of Circumstellar Disks Around Young Stars |publisher =PhD thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst |accessdate =2008-08-23 |bibcode =1995PhDT..........D }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071125124958/http://www.astro.umass.edu/theses/dianne/thesis.html |date=2007-11-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Matsuyama, I.; Johnstone, D.; Murray, N. |title=Halting Planet Migration by Photoevaporation from the Central Source |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |year = 2005 |volume=585 |issue=2 |pages=L143–L146 |bibcode=2003astro.ph..2042M |doi = 10.1086/374406|arxiv = astro-ph/0302042 }}</ref> Masih réa protoplanet anu ngurilingan béntang atawa pada batur, ngain lawas ti lawas sabagian gedé di antarana bakal patabrak ngawangun hiji planit anu leuwih gedé atawa ngaleupaskeun material supaya diserep protoplanet atawa planét anu leuwih gedé.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Kenyon |first=Scott J. |author2=Bromley, Benjamin C. |journal=Astronomical Journal |volume=131 | issue=3 |page=1837 | year=2006 |doi=10.1086/499807 |title= Terrestrial Planet Formation. I. The Transition from Oligarchic Growth to Chaotic Growth | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomical-journal_2006-03_131_3/page/1837 |laysummary = http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~kenyon/pf/terra/index.html |laysource = Kenyon, Scott J. Personal web page | bibcode=2006AJ....131.1837K|arxiv = astro-ph/0503568 }}</ref> Objék-objék anu meujeuhna gedé téa bakal nangkep sabagian materi di lingkungan orbitna tur ngajadi planit. Samentara éta, protoplanét anu hasil nyingkahan tabrakan baris ngajadi [[satelit alami]] planit ngaliwatan prosés tangkapan gravitasi atawa tetep aya di sabuk objék lian tur ngajadi planit katé atawa [[benda kecil Tata Surya|banda leutik]]. Balukar énergi planetesimal leutik (sarta [[peluruhan radioaktif|paluruhan radioaktif]]) baris ngahaneutkeun planit anu eukeur tumuwuh, jadi éta planit sahanteuna satengah lééh. Interior planét mimiti béda-béda massana tur nyiptakeun inti anu leuwih padet.<ref>{{cite journal | journal=Icarus |year=1987 |volume=69 | issue=2 |page=239 |last=Ida |first=Shigeru |author2=Nakagawa, Yoshitsugu; Nakazawa, Kiyoshi |title= The Earth's core formation due to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability | url=https://archive.org/details/icarus_1987-02_69_2/page/239 |doi=10.1016/0019-1035(87)90103-5 |bibcode=1987Icar...69..239I}}</ref> Planit-planit kabumian anu leuwih leutik kaleungitan sabagian gedé atmosférna ku sabab akrési ieu, tatapi gas anu leungit bisa kagantikeun ku gas anu kaluar tina mantel jeung tubrukan [[komet]] (planit leutik bakal kaleungitan atmosfér anu dibeunangkeun ngaliwatan rupa-rupa jinis [[pelepasan atmosfer|mekanisme palepasan]]).<ref>{{cite journal | last=Kasting |first=James F. |title=Earth's early atmosphere | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1993-02-12_259_5097/page/920 |journal=Science |year=1993 |volume=259 |bibcode=1993Sci...259..920K |doi=10.1126/science.11536547 |pmid=11536547 |issue=5097 | pages=920–6}}</ref> Ngaliwatan rupa-rupa papanggihan sarta paniténan ngeunaan [[sistem keplanetan|sistim kaplanétan]] di sakuriling béntang-béntang sanés salian ti Tata Surya, para élmuwan parantos mampuh ngoréhan, ngoméan (ngarévisi), atanapi malah ngaganti tiori-tiori anu parantos aya. Tingkat [[metalisitas]], nyaéta hiji istilah astronomi anu ngajelaskeun ngeunaan kalimpahan [[elemen kimia|unsur kimia]] kalawan [[nomor atom|nomer atom]] anu langkung ageung batan 2 ([[helium|hélium]]), kiwari diyakinan janten faktor panangtu tina kamungkinan hiji béntang dikulilingan ku planét.<ref>{{cite press release |first1=David |last1=Aguilar |first2=Christine |last2=Pulliam |date=2004-01-06 |url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/archive/pr0404.html |title=Lifeless Suns Dominated The Early Universe |publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics |accessdate=2011-10-23}}</ref> Ku kituna, sababaraha panalungtik boga sawangan yén [[bintang populasi I|béntang populasi I]] anu beunghar ku logam téh mibanda kamungkinan anu langkung ageung pikeun mibanda sistim planét anu langkung jéntré, upami dibandingkeun sareng [[bintang populasi II|béntang populasi II]] anu kandungan logamna kawatesan (kurang). == Tata Surya == [[File:Solar System size to scale.svg|ka|400px|jmpl|Planét sarta [[planét katé]] di Tata Surya ''(ukuran tiasa dibandingkeun, nanging anggangna henteu)'']] [[File:4 Terrestrial Planets Size Comp True Color.png|jmpl|400px|Planét bagian jero. Ti kénca ka katuhu: [[Mérkurius]], [[Vénus]], [[Bumi]], sarta [[Mars]] kalawan warna aslina. ''(ukuran tiasa dibandingkeun, nanging anggangna henteu)'']] [[File:Gas giants and the Sun (1 px = 1000 km).jpg|jmpl|400px|Opat raksasa gas; Jupiter, Saturnus, Uranus, sarta Néptunus ''(ukuran tiasa dibandingkeun, nanging anggangna henteu)'']] {{Utama|Tata Surya}} {{Tempo ogé|Daftar banda buleud mibanda gravitasi di Tata Surya}} Dumasar kana katetepan [[Persatuan Astronomi Internasional|IAU]], aya dalapan planét sarta lima planét katé anu diaku di [[Tata Surya]]. Nurutkeun anggangna ti [[Panonpoé]] (ti mimiti anu pangcaketna dugi ka anu pangtebihna), éta planét-planét téh nyaéta: # [[File:Mercury symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|☿}}]] '''[[Merkurius|Mérkurius]]''' # [[File:Venus symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♀}}]] '''[[Venus|Vénus]]''' # [[File:Earth symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|🜨}}]] '''[[Bumi]]''' # [[File:Mars symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♂}}]] '''[[Mars]]''' # [[File:Jupiter symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♃}}]] '''[[Jupiter]]''' # [[File:Saturn symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♄}}]] '''[[Saturnus]]''' # [[File:Uranus symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♅}}]] '''[[Uranus]]''' # [[File:Neptune symbol.svg|16px|{{unicode|♆}}]] '''[[Neptunus|Néptunus]]''' Jupiter téh planit panggedéna kalawan massa 318 kalieun Bumi, sedeng Mérkurius mah planit pangleutikna kalawan massa 0,055 kalieun Bumi. Planit di Tata Surya beunang dibagi ngajadi sababaraha katégori dumasar komposisina: * '''[[Planet kebumian|Daratan]]''': Planit-planit mirib Bumi anu beungeutna katutup [[batuan]]: Mérkurius, Vénus, Bumi, jeung Mars. Kalawan massa 0,055 kalieun Bumi, Mérkurius téh planit daratan pangleutikna (sakaligus planit pangleutikna) di Tata Surya, sedeng Bumi mah planit daratan panggedéna. * '''[[Raksasa gas]] (Jovian)''': Planit-planit anu kawangun tina material [[gas]] tur leuwih gedé ti manan planit kabumian: Jupiter, Saturnus, Uranus, Néputunus. Jupiter, kalawan massa 318 tikeleun Bumi, nya éta planit panggedéna di Tata Surya, demi Saturnus ngan sepertiluna jeung ukuran 95 tikeleun massa Bumi. ** '''[[Raksasa es|Raksasa és]]''', diwangun ku tina Uranus jeung Néptunus, nya éta subkelas raksasa és yang béda ti raksasa gas karana massana jauh leuwih leutik (ngan 14 jeung 17 tikeleun massa Bumi) tur saeutikna hidrogén jeung hêlium di atmosfér sakaligus proporsi batu jeung és anu justru leuwih luhur. * '''[[Planet katai|Planet katé]]''': Saméméh [[definisi planet IAU|kaputusan Agustus 2006]], sawatara objék diusulkeun minangka planit ku para astronom. Tatapi dina taun 2006, sababarah objék digolongkeun ulang ngajadi planit katé, béda jeung planit. Kiwari aya lima planit katé di Tata Surya anu diakuan hal ayana ku IAU: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, jeung Eris. Sababaraha objék lian di [[sabuk asteroid]] jeung [[sabuk Kuiper]] eukeur dipertimbangkeun; 50 di antarana kamungkinan gedéna diakuan. Aya 200 objék anu beunang ditimukeun sanggeus sakabéh sabuk Kuiper anggeus dijalajahan. Planit katé miboga ciri-ciri anu sarua jeung planit, tapi ogé aya sababaraha bédana, salah sahijina téh planit katé hanteu [[membersihkan lingkungan|dominan di orbitna]]. Saluyu dipinisina, kabéh planit katé téh anggota tina [[populasi]] anu leuwih gedé. Ceres téh banda panggedéna di sabuk astéroid, sedeng Pluto, Haumea, jeung makemake mah anggota sbauk Kuiper sarta Eris mah anggota [[cakram tersebar|cakram panggedéna]]. Sababaraha panaliti saperti [[Michael E. Brown|Mike Brown]] parcaya yén mungkin aya leuwih ti saratus [[objek trans-Neptunus|objék trans-Néptunus]] anu beunang digolongkeun sabagé planit katé per dipinisi IAU.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/%7Embrown/dps.html |title=Astronomer Mike Brown |publisher=Gps.caltech.edu |accessdate=2011-11-04}}</ref><!---<ref>{{cite web | first=Brad |last=Amburn |title=Behind the Pluto Mission: An Interview with Project Leader Alan Stern |work=Space.com |date=2006-02-28 |url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060228_stern_interview.html |accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref>---> === Ciri-ciri planit === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:center" |- !|Jinis !|Ngaran !|Diameter <br> katulistiwa<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteA /> !|Massa<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteA /> !|Radius <br> orbit ([[Satuan astronomi|AU]]) !|[[Periode orbit]] <br> (taun)<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteA /> !|[[Inklinasi|Inklinasi <br> kana katulistiwa Matapoé]] (°) !|[[Eksentrisitas orbit|Ékséntrisitas <br> orbit]]<!--hyphen for small monitors--> !|[[Periode rotasi]] <br> (poé) !|[[Satelit alami|Bulan]] <br> anu diakuan<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteC /> !|[[Kemiringan sumbu]] (°) !|Cincin !|[[Atmosfer]] |- ! rowspan="4" style="background:#def;"|[[Planet kebumian|Planit daratan]] | style="text-align:left"|[[Merkurius|Mérkurius]] | 0,382 | 0,06 | 0,31–0,47 | 0,24 | 3,38 | 0,206 | 58,64 | 0 | 0,04 | tidak | minimal |- | style="text-align:left"|[[Venus|Vénus]] | 0,949 | 0,82 | 0,72 | 0,62 | 3,86 | 0,007 | −243,02 | 0 | 177,36 | tidak | [[Karbon dioksida|CO₂]], [[Nitrogén|N₂]] |- | style="text-align:left"|[[Bumi]]<ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteB /> | 1,00 | 1,00 | 1,00 | 1,00 | 7,25 | 0,017 | 1,00 | [[Bulan|1]]<!--Moon (Luna)--> | 23,44 | tidak | N₂, [[Oksigén|O₂]], [[Argon|Ar]] |- | style="text-align:left"|[[Mars]] | 0,532 | 0,11 | 1,52 | 1,88 | 5,65 | 0,093 | 1,03 | [[Satelit Mars|2]]<!--Phobos and Deimos--> | 25,19 | tidak | CO₂, N₂, Ar |- ! rowspan="4" style="background:#def;"|[[Raksasa gas]] | style="text-align:left"|[[Jupiter]] | 11,209 | 317,8 | 5,20 | 11,86 | 6,09 | 0,048 | 0,41 | [[Satelit Jupiter|67]]<!--50 named, 67 verified, 67 known--> | 3,13 | [[Cincin Jupiter|ya]] | [[Hidrogen|H₂]], [[Hélium|He]] |- | style="text-align:left"|[[Saturnus]] | 9,449 | 95,2 | 9,54 | 29,46 | 5,51 | 0,054 | 0,43 | [[Satelit Saturnus|62]]<!--53 named, 62 verified, ~200 known--> | 26,73 | [[Cincin Saturnus|ya]] | H₂, He |- | style="text-align:left"|[[Uranus]] | 4,007 | 14,6 | 19,22 | 84,01 | 6,48 | 0,047 | −0,72 | [[Satelit Uranus|27]]<!--all known moons are named--> | 97,77 | [[Cincin Uranus|ya]] | H₂, He, [[Metana|CH₄]] |- | style="text-align:left"|[[Neptunus]] | 3,883 | 17,2 | 30,06 | 164,8 | 6,43 | 0,009 | 0,67 | [[Satelit Neptunus|13]]<!--all known moons are named--> | 28,32 | [[Cincin Neptunus|ya]] | H₂, He, CH₄ |- ! rowspan="5" style="background:#def;"|[[Planet katai|Planit katé]] | style="text-align:left"|[[Ceres (planet katai)|Ceres]] | 0,08 | 0,000&nbsp;2 | 2,5–3,0 | 4,60 | 10,59 | 0,080 | 0,38 | 0 | ? | tidak | tidak ada |- | style="text-align:left"|[[Pluto]] | 0,18 | 0,002&nbsp;2 | 29,7–49,3 | 248,09 | 17,14 | 0,249 | −6,39 | [[Satelit Pluto|5]]<!--Charon, Nix, S/2011 P 1, Hydra--> | ? | ? | sementara |- | style="text-align:left"|[[Haumea (planet katai)|Haumea]] | 0,15×0,12×0,08 | 0,000&nbsp;7 | 35,2–51,5 | 282,76 | 28,19 | 0,189 | 0,16 | [[Satelit Haumea|2]]<!--Hi'iaka, Namaka--> | ? | ya | ? |- | style="text-align:left"|[[Makemake (planet katai)|Makemake]] | ~0,12 | 0,000&nbsp;7 | 38,5–53,1 | 309,88 | 28,96 | 0,159 | ? | 0 | ? | ? | ? <ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteD /> |- | style="text-align:left"|[[Eris (planet katai)|Eris]] | 0,19 | 0,002&nbsp;5 | 37,8–97,6 | ~557 | 44,19 | 0,442 | ~0,3 | [[Dysnomia (satelit)|1]]<!--Dysnomia--> | ? | ? | ? <ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteD /> |} <div class="references-small" style="margin-bottom:0;"> :{{note label|a|a|a}} Diukur relatif kana Bumi. :{{note label|b|b|b}} Ilikan artikel [[Bumi]] pikeun angka anu leuwih absolut. :{{note label|c|c|c}} Jupiter miboga satelit panglobana (67) di Tata Surya.<ref name="Sheppard">{{cite web |title=The Jupiter Satellite Page (Now Also The Giant Planet Satellite and Moon Page) |publisher=Carnegie Institution for Science |author=Scott S. Sheppard |url=http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/users/sheppard/satellites/ |accessdate=2013-04-12 |date=2013-01-04 |authorlink=Scott S. Sheppard |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607094153/http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/users/sheppard/satellites/ |archivedate=2009-06-07 }}</ref> :{{note label|d|d|d}} Saperti Pluto, waktu aya di [[Apsis|perihelion]], atmosfer saheulaanan kawangun. </div> == Periode rotasi == {{utama|Periode rotasi}} Périodeu rotasi hiji [[benda astronomi|banda]] [[astronomi]]s nya étw waktu anu dibutuhkeun pikeun nganggeuskeun sahiji révolusi muteran [[sumbu rotasi|sumbu rotasina]] relatif ka béntang di tukangna. Periodeu ieu béda jeung [[hari sinodis|poé matapoé]] planit, anu ngawengku rotasi tambahan pikeun minuhan bagian [[periode orbit]] planit salila sapoé. === Périodeu rotasi sababaraha banda angkasa === <center> {|class="wikitable" !Planit || colspan="2" | Périodeu rotasi |- |[[Matahari|Matapoé]]|| 25,379995 poé (katulistiwa)<ref>[http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/WGCCRE/constants/iau2000_table1.html Rotation and pole position for the Sun and planets] Rotation period in days is 360° divided by the coefficient of ''d''.</ref><ref>{{pdflink|[http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/ISPRS/PREPRINTS/IAU2000/IAU2000_preprint.pdf Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2000]|215KB}} pp7–8</ref> <br> 35 poé (lintang luhur) || 25{{smallsup|d}} 9{{smallsup|h}} 7{{smallsup|m}} 11.6{{smallsup|s}} <br> 35{{smallsup|d}} |- |[[Merkurius|Mérkurius]]|| 58,6462 poé<ref name=Allen296>{{cite book|title=''Allen's Astrophysical Quantities''|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA296|author=Clabon Walter Allen and Arthur N. Cox|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=0387987460|pages=296}}</ref> || 58{{smallsup|d}} 15{{smallsup|h}} 30{{smallsup|m}} 30{{smallsup|s}} |- |[[Venus|Vénus]]|| –243,0187 poé<ref name=Allen296/><ref name="negative">This rotation is negative because the pole which points north of the [[ecliptic]] rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets.</ref>|| –243{{smallsup|d}} 0{{smallsup|h}} 26{{smallsup|m}} |- |[[Bumi]]|| 0,99726968 poé<ref name=Allen296/><ref>Reference adds about 1 ms to Earth's stellar day given in mean solar time to account for the length of Earth's mean solar day in excess of 86400 SI seconds.</ref> || 0{{smallsup|d}} 23{{smallsup|h}} 56{{smallsup|m}} 4.100{{smallsup|s}} |- |[[Bulan]]|| 27,321661 poé<ref name=Allen>{{cite book|title=''Allen's Astrophysical Quantities''|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA308|author=Clabon Walter Allen and Arthur N. Cox|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=0387987460|pages=308}}</ref> <br> ([[Rotasi sinkronis|sinkronis]] kana Bumi) || 27{{smallsup|d}} 7{{smallsup|h}} 43{{smallsup|m}} 11.5{{smallsup|s}} <br> &nbsp; |- |[[Mars]]|| 1,02595675 poé<ref name=Allen296/> || 1{{smallsup|d}} 0{{smallsup|h}} 37{{smallsup|m}} 22.663{{smallsup|s}} |- |[[1 Ceres|Ceres]]|| 0,37809 poé<ref name="Chamberlain2007">{{cite journal |last=Chamberlain |first=Matthew A. |coauthors=Sykes, Mark V.; Esquerdo, Gilbert A. |title=Ceres lightcurve analysis – Period determination |journal=Icarus|volume=188 |issue=2|pages=451–456|year=2007 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2006.11.025 |bibcode=2007Icar..188..451C }}</ref> || 0{{smallsup|d}} 9{{smallsup|h}} 4{{smallsup|m}} 27.0{{smallsup|s}} |- |[[Jupiter]]|| 0,4135344 poé (interior dalam)<ref name=mag>Rotation period of the deep interior is that of the planet's magnetic field.</ref> <br> 0,41007 poé (katulistiwa) <br> 0,41369942 poé (lintang luhur) || 0{{smallsup|d}} 9{{smallsup|h}} 55{{smallsup|m}} 29.37{{smallsup|s}}<ref name=Allen296/> <br> 0{{smallsup|d}} 9{{smallsup|h}} 50{{smallsup|m}} 30{{smallsup|s}}<ref name=Allen296/> <br> 0{{smallsup|d}} 9{{smallsup|h}} 55{{smallsup|m}} 43.63{{smallsup|s}}<ref name=Allen296/> |- |[[Saturnus]]|| 0,44403 poé (interior jero)<ref name=mag/> <br> 0,426 poé (katulistiwa) <br> 0,443 poé (lintang luhur) || 0{{smallsup|d}} 10{{smallsup|h}} 39{{smallsup|m}} 24{{smallsup|s}}<ref name=Allen296/> <br> 0{{smallsup|d}} 10{{smallsup|h}} 14{{smallsup|m}}<ref name=Allen296/> <br> 0{{smallsup|d}} 10{{smallsup|h}} 38{{smallsup|m}}<ref name=Allen296/> |- |[[Uranus]]|| –0,71833 poé<ref name=Allen296/><ref name=negative/><ref name=mag/> || –0{{smallsup|d}} 17{{smallsup|h}} 14{{smallsup|m}} 24{{smallsup|s}} |- |[[Neptunus|Néptunus]]|| 0,67125 poé<ref name=Allen296/><ref name=mag/> || 0{{smallsup|d}} 16{{smallsup|h}} 6{{smallsup|m}} 36{{smallsup|s}} |- |[[Pluto]]||–6,38718 poé<ref name=Allen296/><ref name=negative/> <br> (sinkronis jeung [[Charon (satelit)|Charon]]) || –6{{smallsup|d}} 9{{smallsup|h}} 17{{smallsup|m}} 32{{smallsup|s}} <br> &nbsp; |- |[[Haumea (planet kerdil)|Haumea]]||0,163145 poé<ref name="hour"> {{cite journal |title=High-Precision Photometry of Extreme KBO 2003 EL61 |author=Pedro Lacerda, David Jewitt and Nuno Peixinho |date=2008-04-02 |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume= 135 |issue=5 |pages=1749–1756 |url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/135/5/1749 |accessdate=2008-09-22 |doi=10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1749 |bibcode=2008AJ....135.1749L}}</ref> || 0{{smallsup|d}} 3{{smallsup|h}} 54{{smallsup|m}} 56{{smallsup|s}} |} </center> == Planét luar surya == {{Utama|Planét luar surya}} [[File:Exoplanet Discovery Methods Bar.png|jmpl|320px|Éksoplanét dumasar kana taun papanggihanana (data dugi ka 1 Januari 2013)]] [[File:Kepler 20 - planet lineup.jpg|jmpl|ka|300px|Babandingan antara [[Kepler-20e]]<ref name="Kepler20e-20111220" /> sarta [[Kepler-20f]]<ref name="Kepler20f-20111220" /> upami dibandingkeun sareng [[Vénus]] sarta [[Bumi]].]] Planét luareun surya (''extrasolar planet'' atanapi ''exoplanet'') nyaéta planét anu perenahna aya di luareun Tata Surya. Dugi ka kiwari, parantos kapanggih rébu-rébu sistem planét sanésna di jagat raya. {{Extrasolar planet counts|full}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/ExoTables/nph-exotbls?dataset=planets|title=Exoplanet Archive Planet Counts|publisher=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121212212538/http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/ExoTables/nph-exotbls?dataset=planets |date=2012-12-12 }}</ref><ref name="kepler1700">{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Michele |last2=Harrington |first2=J.D. |title=NASA's Kepler Mission Announces a Planet Bonanza, 715 New Worlds |url=http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasas-kepler-mission-announces-a-planet-bonanza/ |date=February 26, 2014 |work=[[NASA]] |accessdate=February 26, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226202703/http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasas-kepler-mission-announces-a-planet-bonanza/ |archivedate=February 26, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog|title=The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|publisher=}}</ref> Dina awal taun 1992, astronom radio [[Aleksander Wolszczan]] sarta [[Dale Frail]] mendakan dua planét anu ngurilingan [[pulsar]] [[PSR 1257+12]].<ref name="Wolszczan">{{cite doi|10.1038/355145a0}}</ref> Ieu papanggihan téh parantos dibuktikeun leres sarta diaku salaku detéksi pasti munggaran ngeunaan éksoplanét di dunya. Éta planét-planét pulsar téh diyakinan kawangun tina sésa-sésa [[supernova]] anu ngahasilkeun pulsar dina hambalan (tahap) kadua ngawujudna planét, atanapi mangrupa sésa inti batuan [[raksasa gas]] anu salamet tina bituna supernova sarta satuluyna pindah ka orbitna anu ayeuna. Papanggihan planét luar surya munggaran anu ngorbit béntang dérét utama lumangsung dina kaping 6 Oktober 1995, nalika [[Michel Mayor]] sarta [[Didier Queloz]] ti [[Universitas Jenéwa]] mendakan hiji éksoplanét di sakuriling béntang [[51 Pegasi]]. Ti {{Extrasolar planet counts|planet_count}} planét luar surya anu parantos kapanggih dugi ka {{Extrasolar planet counts|asof}},<ref name="Encyclopaedia" /> sabagian ageung di antarana mibanda massa anu tiasa dibandingkeun sareng Jupiter, atanapi malah langkung ageung deui. Aya ogé planét anu massana langkung alit batan Mérkurius, sarta aya ogé anu langkung ageung batan Jupiter.<ref name="Encyclopaedia" /> Planét luar surya pangalitna anu kantos kapanggih téh nyaéta anu ngorbit sésa-sésa béntang anu disebut [[pulsar]], contona [[PSR B1257+12]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Barbara|last=Kennedy|title=Scientists reveal smallest extra-solar planet yet found|publisher=SpaceFlight Now|date=2005-02-11|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0502/11exoplanet/}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Enggeus aya sakitar salusin planit luareun surya anu ditimukeun anu 10 tepi ka 20 kalieun massana Bumi,<ref name="Encyclopaedia" /> kayaning planit-planit anu ngorbit béntang [[Mu Arae]], [[55 Cancri]], jeung [[Gliese 436|GJ 436]].<ref>{{cite press release |first1=Nuno |last1=Santos |first2=François |last2=Bouchy |first3=Sylvie |last3=Vauclair |first4=Didier |last4=Queloz |first5=Michel |last5=Mayor |title=Fourteen Times the Earth |publisher=European Southern Observatory |date=2004-08-25 |url=http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0427/ |accessdate=2011-10-23}}</ref> Katégori anu nembé muncul nyaéta "[[super-Bumi]]", anu disangka mangrupa [[planet kebumian|planét kabumian]] kalawan ukuran anu langkung ageung batan Bumi nanging langkung alit batan Néptunus atanapi Uranus. Dugi ka danget ieu, sakitar 20 super-Bumi (gumantung kana wates massana) parantos kapanggih, kalebet [[OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb]] sarta [[MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb]], nyaéta dua planét és anu kapanggih ngaliwatan [[mikrolensa gravitasi]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Small Planet Discovered Orbiting Small Star |work=ScienceDaily |year=2008 |url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080602131105.htm |accessdate=2008-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | first=J.-P. |last=Beaulieu |title=Discovery of a Cool Planet of 5.5 Earth Masses Through Gravitational Microlensing | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-01-26_439_7075/page/437 |journal=Nature |date=2006-01-26 |volume=439 |pages=437–440 |doi = 10.1038/nature04441 |author2=D. P. Bennett; P. Fouqué; A. Williams; ''et al.'' |pmid=16437108 |issue=7075 |bibcode=2006Natur.439..437B|arxiv = astro-ph/0601563 }}</ref> sarta [[Kepler 10b]], hiji planét anu diaméterna 1,4 kali lipat Bumi (ngajantenkeunana super-Bumi pangalitna anu kantos diukur).<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA'S Kepler Mission Discovers Its First Rocky Planet |publisher=NASA |year=2011 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/rocky_planet.html |accessdate=2011-06-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627200219/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/rocky_planet.html |archivedate=2015-06-27 }}</ref> Salian ti éta, aya lima tina genep planét anu ngalingkung béntang [[katai merah]] [[Gliese 581]]. [[Gliese 581 d]] sacara gurat badag mibanda massa 7,7 kali lipat Bumi,<ref>{{cite web |title=Gliese 581 d |work=The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia |url=http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=Gl+581 |accessdate=2008-09-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510094317/http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=Gl+581 |archivedate=2012-05-10 }}</ref> sedengkeun massa [[Gliese 581 c]] nyaéta lima kali lipat Bumi sarta kawitna dianggap salaku planét kabumian munggaran anu kapanggih dina [[zona terhunikan]] (zona anu tiasa dicicingan) hiji béntang.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6589157.stm|title=New 'super-Earth' found in space|accessdate = 2008-08-23|date=25 April 2007|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Panalungtikan anu langkung jero nétélakeun yén ieu planét téh teuing caket kana béntangna; nanging planét anu pangtebihna dina ieu sistem, nyaéta Gliese 581 d, sanajan langkung tiis batan Bumi, tetep mibanda kamungkinan tiasa dicicingan upami atmosfirna ngandung gas imah kaca dina jumlah anu nyukupan.<ref name="blo07">{{cite journal |bibcode=2007A&A...476.1365V |author=von Bloh et al. |year=2007 |title=The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581 |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] |volume=476 |issue=3 |pages=1365–1371 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077939|arxiv = 0705.3758 |last2=Bounama |first2=C. |last3=Cuntz |first3=M. |last4=Franck |first4=S. }}</ref> Super-Bumi sanésna, [[Kepler-22b]], kapanggih ngorbit dina zona anu tiasa dicicingan (zona terhunikan) tina béntangna.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Borucki|first=William J|url=http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1112/1112.1640.pdf|title=Kepler-22b: A 2.4 Earth-radius Planet in the Habitable Zone of a Sun-like Star|bibcode=2012ApJ...745..120B|last2=Koch|last3=Batalha|last4=Bryson|last5=Rowe|last6=Fressin|last7=Torres|last8=Caldwell|last9=Christensen-Dalsgaard|volume=745|year=2012|pages=120|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/120|issue=2}}</ref> Dina kaping 20 Désémber 2011, tim [[Kepler (wahana antariksa)|Téléskop Antariksa Kepler]] mendakan [[planet luar surya]] [[planet kebumian|saukur Bumi]] munggaran, nyaéta [[Kepler-20e]]<ref name="Kepler20e-20111220" /> sarta [[Kepler-20f]],<ref name="Kepler20f-20111220" /> anu kapanggih nuju ngalingkung béntang anu sarupa sareng Panonpoé ([[analog Matahari]]), nyaéta [[Kepler-20]].<ref name="NASA-20111220" /><ref name="Nature-20111220" /><ref name="NYT-20111220" /> [Image of Kepler-22b in the habitable zone of its star] [[File:Exoplanet Comparison HR 8799 c.png|jmpl|kénca|250px|Babandingan ukuran [[HR 8799 c]] (abu-abu) sareng [[Jupiter]]. Kalolobaan éksoplanét anu kapanggih mibanda ukuran anu langkung ageung batan Jupiter.]] Dugi ka danget ieu, masih tacan jéntré naha planét-planét raksasa anu nembé kapanggih téh sarupa sareng raksasa gas di Tata Surya urang atanapi saenyana mah bénten jinisna, contona sapertos raksasa amonia atanapi [[planet karbon]]. Sababaraha planét anu nembé kapanggih sarta katelah ku sebutan [[Jupiter panas]] mibanda orbit anu kacida caketna sareng béntang indukna, sarta wangun orbitna ampir buleud sampurna. Éta planét-planét téh nampi [[radiasi matahari|radiasi béntang]] anu langkung seueur batan raksasa gas di Tata Surya, sahingga janten patarosan naha éta planét téh kalebet jinis anu sarua atanapi sanés. Salian ti éta, aya sakelompok banda langit jinis Jupiter panas anu disebut [[planet Chthonia]], anu disangka éksis di sababaraha tempat. Planét Chthonia ieu mibanda orbit anu sakitu caketna kana béntangna, dugi ka atmosfirna sorangan kabawa palid (kumbah) ku radiasi béntangna. Seueur banda langit jinis Jupiter panas anu kapanggih nuju ngalaman prosés palidna atmosfir, nanging dugi ka taun 2008, tacan aya sahiji-hiji acan planét Chthonia anu kapanggih sacara pasti.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Lecavelier des Etangs |first=A. |author2=Vidal-Madjar, A.; McConnell, J. C.; Hébrard, G. |title=Atmospheric escape from hot Jupiters |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |year=2004 |volume=418 | issue=1 |pages=L1–L4 |bibcode=2004A&A...418L...1L |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20040106|arxiv = astro-ph/0403369 }}</ref> Paniténan planét luar surya anu langkung taliti téh peryogi generasi pakakas anu énggal, sapertos [[téléstop luar angkasa]]. Dina danget ieu, wahana antariksa [[COROT]] sarta [[Misi Kepler|Kepler]] nuju milarian variasi luminositas béntang jalaran ayana [[transit astronomi|transit planét]]. Sababaraha proyék pangwangunan jaringan t सकारात्मकéléskop luar angkasa ogé parantos diajukeun. Éta proyék-proyék téh mibanda tujuan pikeun milarian planét luar surya anu massana satara sareng Bumi. Sababaraha di antarana nyaéta [[Terrestrial Planet Finder]] sarta [[Space Interferometry Mission]] ti NASA, ogé [[PEGASE]] ti CNES.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.spacetoday.org/DeepSpace/Stars/Planets/PlanetFindingMissions.html |title =Future American and European Planet Finding Missions |publisher = Space Today Online |editor = Anthony R. Curtis |accessdate = 2008-02-06}}</ref> [[New Worlds Mission]] mangrupa pakakas palengkep anu beroperasi sareng [[Téléskop Antariksa James Webb]]. Nanging hanjakalna, anggaran pikeun ieu proyék-proyék téh masih kénéh tacan jéntré. Spektrum planét luar surya munggaran kapanggih dina bulan Pébruari 2007 ([[HD 209458 b]] sarta [[HD 189733 b]]).<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/news/251-ssc2007-04-NASA-s-Spitzer-First-To-Crack-Open-Light-of-Faraway-Worlds |title=NASA's Spitzer First To Crack Open Light of Faraway Worlds |date=2007-02-21 |first1=Tabatha |last1=Thompson |first2=Whitney |last2=Clavin |publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology |accessdate=2011-11-23 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071015221757/http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/releases/ssc2007-04/release.shtml |archivedate=2007-10-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Richardson |first=L. Jeremy |author2=Deming, Drake; Horning, Karen; Seager, Sara; Harrington, Joseph |journal=Nature |year=2007 |volume=445 title=A spectrum of an extrasolar planet |doi=10.1038/nature05636 |pmid=17314975 |issue=7130 |bibcode=2007Natur.445..892R | pages=892–5|arxiv = astro-ph/0702507 }}</ref> Frékuénsi mucunghulna planét-planét kabumian sapertos kitu téh mangrupa salah sahiji variabel dina [[persamaan Drake]] anu digunakeun pikeun ngira-ngira jumlah [[kehidupan luar Bumi|peradaban cerdas]] di galaksi Bima Sakti.<ref>{{cite news|last=Drake|first=Frank|title=The Drake Equation Revisited|publisher=Astrobiology Magazine|date=2003-09-29|url=http://www.astrobio.net/index.php?option=com_retrospection&task=detail&id=610|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628180502/http://www.astrobio.net/index.php?option=com_retrospection&task=detail&id=610|archivedate=2011-06-28|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> == Banda mibanda massa planét == '''Banda mibanda massa planét''' (''Objek bermassa planet''), '''PMO''', atanapi '''planémo''' nyaéta banda langit anu massana aya dina watesan définisi planét: cekap ageung pikeun mibanda kasatimbangan hidrostatik (buleud alatan gravitasina sorangan), nanging henteu cekap ageung pikeun mibanda fusi inti sapertos béntang.<ref>G. Basri & E.M. Brown, 2006. ''Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences'', '''34''': 193–216</ref> Luyu sareng définisina, sadaya planét téh mangrupa ''banda mibanda massa planét'', nanging tujuan tina ieu istilah téh nyaéta pikeun ngajelaskeun banda-banda anu henteu minuhan sarat salaku planét sacara umum. Objék-objék kasebut di antarana nyaéta [[planét katé]], [[satelit alami|satelit]] anu ukuranna langkung ageung, planét pangumbara anu henteu ngorbit kana béntang (sapertos planét liar anu kakaluarkeun tina sistemna), sarta objék anu kawangun tina prosés runtuhna méga gas (''cloud collapse'') tinimbang akrési (kadangkala disebut ogé [[katai sub-coklat]]). === Planét liar === {{Utama|Planét liar}} Sababaraha [[simulasi komputer]] ngeunaan ngawujudna sistim béntang sarta planét némbongkeun yén sajumlahing banda mibanda massa planét bakal kalungtik (kabalang) ka [[luar angkasa|luar angkasa]] antarbéntang.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Lissauer | first= J. J. | title= Timescales for Planetary Accretion and the Structure of the Protoplanetary disk | url=https://archive.org/details/icarus_1987-02_69_2/page/249 | journal= Icarus | volume= 69 | issue=2 | pages=249–265 | year=1987 | doi=10.1016/0019-1035(87)90104-7 | bibcode=1987Icar...69..249L}}</ref> Sababaraha élmuwan mibanda pamadegan yén banda sapertos kitu anu kapanggih ngumbara di jomantara téh kedah digolongkeun salaku "planét", nanging sabagian deui boga sawangan yén éta objék téh bisa jadi mangrupa béntang anu mibanda massa handap.<ref name="Luhman">{{cite journal | journal=Astrophysical Journal |last=Luhman |first=K. L. |author2=Adame, Lucía; D'Alessio, Paola; Calvet, Nuria |title= Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk |volume=635 | issue=1 |pages=L93 |doi=10.1086/498868 |year= 2005 |laysummary=http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/spitzerf-20051129.html |laysource=NASA Press Release |laydate=2005-11-29 |bibcode=2005ApJ...635L..93L|arxiv = astro-ph/0511807 }}</ref><ref name="Clavin">{{cite web |url=http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/happenings/20051129/ |title=A Planet with Planets? Spitzer Finds Cosmic Oddball |last=Clavin |first=Whitney |date=November 9, 2005 |work=Spitzer Space Telescope Newsroom |accessdate=2009-11-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711171654/http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/happenings/20051129/ |archivedate=July 11, 2007}}</ref> === Katai sub-coklat === {{Utama|Katai sub-coklat}} Béntang kawangun ngaliwatan prosés runtuhna gravitasi méga gas (''cloud collapse''), nanging banda-banda anu langkung alit ogé tiasa kawangun ngaliwatan prosés runtuhna méga anu sarupa. Banda mibanda massa planét anu kawangun ku cara kitu téh kadangkala disebut ogé [[katai sub-coklat]]. Katai sub-coklat tiasa ngumbara sacara bébas (contona [[Cha 110913-773444]]) atanapi ngorbit kana banda langit anu langkung ageung (contona [[2MASS J04414489+2301513]]). Dina taun 2006, komunitas astronom kantos yakin yén maranéhna parantos mendakan sistim binér katai sub-coklat, nyaéta [[Oph 162225-240515]], anu ku nu manggihanana disebut salaku "planémo" atanapi "banda mibanda massa planét". Nanging, dumasar kana analisis panganyarna, ditetepkeun yén massa masing-masing objék kasebut téh tétéla langkung ageung batan 13 kali massa Jupiter, sahingga duanana digolongkeun salaku [[katai coklat]].<ref>{{cite journal | title=The Wide Brown Dwarf Binary Oph 1622–2405 and Discovery of A Wide, Low Mass Binary in Ophiuchus (Oph 1623–2402): A New Class of Young Evaporating Wide Binaries? | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2007-05-10_660_2/page/1492 |journal= Astrophysical Journal |author=Close, Laird M. ''et al.'' |volume=660 | issue=2 |page=1492 |doi=10.1086/513417 |year=2007 |arxiv=astro-ph/0608574 |bibcode=2007ApJ...660.1492C | last2=Zuckerman | first2=B. | last3=Song | first3=Inseok | last4=Barman | first4=Travis | last5=Marois | first5=Christian | last6=Rice | first6=Emily L. | last7=Siegler | first7=Nick | last8=MacIntosh | first8=Bruce | last9=Becklin | first9=E. E.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Luhman |first=K. L. |year=2007 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |title=Ophiuchus 1622–2405: Not a Planetary-Mass Binary |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2007-04-20_659_2/page/1629 |volume=659 |issue=2 |pages=1629–36 |doi=10.1086/512539 |last2=Allers |first2=K. N. |last3=Jaffe |first3=D. T. |last4=Cushing |first4=M. C. |last5=Williams |first5=K. A. |last6=Slesnick |first6=C. L. |last7=Vacca |first7=W. D. |bibcode=2007ApJ...659.1629L|arxiv = astro-ph/0701242 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/planet_photo_040910.html |title=Likely First Photo of Planet Beyond the Solar System |first=Robert Roy |last=Britt | work=Space.com |date=2004-09-10 |accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> === Tilas béntang === Dina sistim [[bintang biner|béntang binér]] anu caket, salah sahiji béntang tiasa kaleungitan massana jalaran diseuseup ku béntang sanésna anu langkung beurat (tempo [[pulsar bertenaga akresi]]). Béntang anu nyusut kasebut satuluyna robah janten banda mibanda massa planét. Contona nyaéta hiji objék mibanda massa Jupiter anu ngorbit [[pulsar]] [[PSR J1719-1438]].<ref>{{cite journal |arxiv=1108.5201 |bibcode=2011Sci...333.1717B |doi=10.1126/science.1208890 |title=Transformation of a Star into a Planet in a Millisecond Pulsar Binary |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2011-09-23_333_6050/page/1717 |year=2011 |last1=Bailes |first1=M. |last2=Bates |first2=S. D. |last3=Bhalerao |first3=V. |last4=Bhat |first4=N. D. R. |last5=Burgay |first5=M. |last6=Burke-Spolaor |first6=S. |last7=d'Amico |first7=N. |last8=Johnston |first8=S. |last9=Keith |first9=M. J. |journal=Science |volume=333 |issue=6050 |pages=1717–20 |pmid=21868629}}</ref> === Planét satelit sarta planét sabuk === Sababaraha satelit mibanda ukuran anu sarua atanapi langkung ageung batan [[Mérkurius]], contona [[satelit Galileo]] sarta [[Titan (satelit)|Titan]] nu Jupiter. [[Alan Stern]] mibanda pamadegan yén lokasi (orbit) téh sanés mangrupa pasualan utama, sarta mung ciri-ciri géofisikna hungkul anu kedah diperhatoskeun dina nangtukeun wangenan (définisi) planét. Anjeunna ngusulkeun istilah ''planét satelit'' pikeun nyebut satelit anu mibanda ukuran saukur planét. Pon kitu deui, planét-planét katé di [[sabuk asteroid]] sarta [[sabuk Kuiper]] téh kedah dianggap salaku planét nurutkeun Stern.<ref name="satelliteplanet">{{cite web |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/should-large-moons-be-called-satellite-planets.html |title=Should Large Moons Be Called 'Satellite Planets'? |publisher=News.discovery.com |date=2010-05-14 |accessdate=2011-11-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505221146/http://news.discovery.com/space/should-large-moons-be-called-satellite-planets.html#post-a-comment |archivedate=2012-05-05 }}</ref> == Ciri-ciri == Sanaos masing-masing planét mibanda ciri fisik anu mandiri (khas), aya sababaraha sasaruaan di antawisna. Ciri-ciri sapertos cingcin atanapi satelit alami, dugi ka danget ieu nembé tiasa ditalungtik dina planét-planét di Tata Surya, sedengkeun dina planét luar surya mah aya deui ciri-ciri sanésna. === Ciri-ciri dinamis === {{Tempo ogé|Hukum gerakan planét Kepler}} ==== Orbit ==== [[File:TheKuiperBelt Orbits Pluto Ecliptic.svg|jmpl|ka|300px|Orbit planét Néptunus upami dibandingkeun sareng [[Pluto]]. Tingal perpanjangan orbit Pluto dibandingkeun Néptunus ([[ékstréntisitas orbit|ékstréntisitas]]), sarta juru ékliptikna anu ageung ([[inklinasi]]).]] == Orbit jeung Révolusi == Dumasar kana wangenan (definisi) panganyarna, sakabéh planét kudu ngurilingan (révolusi) hiji béntang, sahingga potensi ayana "[[planét liar]]" dianggap euweuh. Dina Tatasurya, sakabéh planét ngorbit ka [[Panonpoé]] kalayan arah anu sarua jeung rotasi Panonpoé (lawan arah jarum jam upami ditingal tina kutub kalérna). Nanging, sahenteuna aya hiji planét luar surya, nyaéta [[WASP-17b]], anu kapendak ngorbit kalayan arah anu papalingpang (''retrograde'') jeung rotasi béntangna.<ref>{{cite arxiv | author = D. R. Anderson ''et al.'' | title = WASP-17b: an ultra-low density planet in a probable retrograde orbit | eprint = 0908.1553 | class = astro-ph.EP | year = 2009 }}</ref> Lilana waktu pikeun planét ngalakukeun sakali révolusi disebut [[Période sidéréal]] atawa hiji '''[[taun]]'''.<ref name="young">{{cite book|first=Charles Augustus|last=Young|year=1902|title=Manual of Astronomy: A Text Book|publisher=Ginn & company|pages=324–7}}</ref> Lilana taun hiji planét gumantung kana jarakna ti béntang; beuki jauh jarak planét tina béntangna, beuki jauh ogé lintasan anu kudu ditempuh sarta beuki laun kacepetanana, sabab pangaruh [[gravitasi]] béntangna henteu pati kuat. Kusabab euweuh orbit planét anu bentukna buleud sampurna (''lingkaran sempurna''), jarak unggal planét téh robah-robah sapanjang taun. * Titik pangdeukeutna planét jeung béntangna disebut [[periastron]] (di Tatasurya disebut [[perihelion]]). * Titik pangjauhna disebut [[apastron]] ([[aphelion]]). Nalika hiji planét ngadeukeutan periastron (titik pangcaketna), kacepetanana bakal nambahan jalaran énergi poténsial gravitasi robah janten énergi kinétik; sabalikna, nalika éta planét ngadeukeutan apastron (titik pangtebihna), kacepetanana bakal ngirangan.<ref>{{cite book|author=Dvorak, R.; Kurths, J.; Freistetter, F.|year=2005|title=Chaos And Stability in Planetary Systems|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=3-540-28208-4}}</ref> Saban orbit planét diwangun ku sajumlahing [[elemen orbit|elemén]]: * ''[[Ékséntrisitas orbit|Ékséntrisitas]]'' hiji orbit nuduhkeun sabaraha lonjong orbit hiji planét. Planét anu ékséntrisitasna handap mibanda orbit anu ampir buleud (melingkar), sedengkeun planét kalawan ékséntrisitas luhur mibanda orbit anu langkung élips. Planét-planét di Tata Surya mibanda ékséntrisitas anu kacida handapna, sahingga orbitna méh nyaruaan bunderan.<ref name="young"/> Komét sarta banda-banda sabuk Kuiper (kaasup sababaraha planét luar surya) mibanda ékséntrisitas anu kacida luhurna, sahingga orbitna tiasa janten kacida élipsna.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Eccentricity evolution of giant planet orbits due to circumstellar disk torques |author=Moorhead, Althea V.; Adams, Fred C. |journal=Icarus |year=2008 |volume=193 |issue=2 |page=475 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.009 |arxiv=0708.0335 |bibcode=2008Icar..193..475M}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Planets – Kuiper Belt Objects |work=The Astrophysics Spectator |date=2004-12-15 | url=http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/planets/KuiperBelt.html |accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> * [[File:Semimajoraxis.svg|jmpl|250px|Ilustrasi sumbu semi-mayor]] ''[[Sumbu semi-mayor]]'' nyaéta anggang (jarak) ti hiji planét ka titik satengah jalan dina sapanjang diaméter orbit élips pangpanjangna (tingal gambar). Ieu anggang téh teu sarua sareng apastronna, jalaran teu aya hiji ogé orbit planét anu titik tengahna pas pisan perenahna aya dina béntang.<ref name="young" /> * ''Inklinasi'' planét nuduhkeun sabaraha tebih luhur atanapi handapna posisi planét tina widang référénsina. Di Tata Surya, widang référénsina nyaéta widang orbit Bumi anu disebut [[ékliptika]]. Kanggo planét luar surya, widang anu disebut ''widang langit'' ieu mangrupa widang garis paneuteup tina panénjo di Bumi.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://astrowww.phys.uvic.ca/~tatum/celmechs.html|title=Celestial Mechanics|year=2007|chapter=17. Visual binary stars|first=J. B.|last=Tatum|accessdate=2008-02-02|publisher=Personal web page|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706031613/http://astrowww.phys.uvic.ca/~tatum/celmechs.html|archive-date=2007-07-06}}</ref> Kadalapan planét Tata Surya perenahna kacida caketna kana ékliptika; sedengkeun komét sarta banda [[sabuk Kuiper]] sapertos Pluto mibanda juru (sudut) anu langkung ékstrim kana ékliptika.<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Correlation between Inclination and Color in the Classical Kuiper Belt | last=Trujillo |first=Chadwick A. |author2= Brown, Michael E. |journal=Astrophysical Journal |year=2002 |bibcode=2002ApJ...566L.125T | volume=566 |issue=2 | pages=L125 |doi=10.1086/339437|arxiv = astro-ph/0201040 }}</ref> Titik nalika planét meuntas di luhur sarta di handap widang référénsina disebut [[nodus naik]] sarta [[nodus turun]].<ref name="young" /> [[Bujur nodus naik]] nyaéta juru antara bujur 0 widang référénsi sarta nodus naik planét. [[Argumén periapsis]] (atanapi perihelion di Tata Surya) nyaéta juru antara nodus naik planét sarta titik pangcaketna kana béntangna.<ref name="young" /> ==== Kamiringan sumbu ==== [[File:AxialTiltObliquity.png|jmpl|ka|250px|Kamiringan sumbu Bumi kira-kira 23°.]] Planét ogé mibanda [[kamiringan sumbu]] anu rupa-rupa darajatna. Kamiringan sumbu perenahna dina juru (sudut) kana [[bidang Referensi|widang]] [[inklinasi|khatulistiwa béntangna]]. Hal ieu ngabalukarkeun jumlah cahaya anu ditarima ku saban belahan planét téh teu angger sapanjang taun; nalika belahan kalér ngajauhan béntang, belahan kidul justru ngadeukeutan béntang, pon kitu deui sabalikna. Jalaran kitu, saban planét mibanda [[musim|usum]]; nyaéta parobahan iklim sapanjang taun. Masa nalika saban belahan aya dina titik pangtebihna atanapi pangcaketna tina béntangna disebut [[titik balik matahari]] (solstis). Saban planét mibanda dua titik balik dina orbitna; nalika hiji belahan nepi kana titik balik usum panas (beurang panglilana), belahan sanésna nepi kana titik balik usum tiris (beurang pangpondokna). Jumlah cahaya sarta panas anu teu angger ieu nyiptakeun parobahan pola cuaca taunan pikeun saban belahan planét. Kamiringan sumbu Jupiter kacida alitna sahingga variasi usumna ogé sakedik pisan. Di sisi sanésna, Uranus mibanda kamiringan sumbu anu kacida ageungna dugi ka tiasa ngalaman beurang abadi atanapi peuting abadi nalika nepi kana titik balikna.<ref name="Weather">{{cite web |last=Harvey |first=Samantha |date=2006-05-01 |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/scitech/display.cfm?ST_ID=725 |title=Weather, Weather, Everywhere? |publisher=NASA |accessdate=2008-08-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414055517/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/scitech/display.cfm?ST_ID=725 |archivedate=2009-04-14 }}</ref> Di kalangan planét luar surya, kamiringan sumbu téh tacan kanyahoan sacara pasti, sanaos seueur banda Jupiter panas anu dipercaya mibanda saeutik kamiringan sumbu atanapi taya pisan jalaran perenahna anu kacida caketna sareng béntangna.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Obliquity Tides on Hot Jupiters |author=Winn, Joshua N.; Holman, Matthew J. |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |year=2005 | doi=10.1086/432834 | volume=628 |issue=2 |pages=L159 |bibcode=2005ApJ...628L.159W|arxiv = astro-ph/0506468 }}</ref> ==== Rotasi ==== Planét muter (berotasi) dina sumbu sawangan (kasat mata) anu nembus titik pusatna. [[Periode rotasi]] hiji planét disebut ogé [[hari|poé béntang]]. Lolobana planét di Tata Surya berotasi kalayan arah anu sarua sareng orbitna, nyaéta berlawanan arah jarum jam upami ditingal tina [[Kutub benda astronomi#Kutub geografis|kutub kalér]] Panonpoé, iwal [[Vénus]]<ref>{{cite journal |title=Rotation of Venus: Period Estimated from Radar Measurements |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1963-03-08_139_3558/page/910 |author=Goldstein, R. M.; Carpenter, R. L. |year=1963 |journal =Science |volume=139 |doi=10.1126/science.139.3558.910 |pmid=17743054 |issue=3558 |bibcode=1963Sci...139..910G |pages=910–1}}</ref> sarta [[Uranus]]<ref>{{cite journal |contribution=Rotational properties of Uranus and Neptune |first=M. J. S. |last=Belton |author2=Terrile R. J. |title=Uranus and Neptune |year=1984 |journal=In its Uranus and Neptune pp. 327–347 (SEE N85-11927 02-91) |bibcode=1984urnp.nasa..327B |volume=2330 |page=327 |editor=Bergstralh, J. T.}}</ref> anu muterna saluyu sareng arah jarum jam. [Image of planetary rotation directions in the solar system] Nanging, kamiringan sumbu Uranus anu kacida ageungna téh ngabalukarkeun ayana bédana konvénsi ngeunaan kutub mana anu disebut "kalér" sarta naha éta planét téh muter saluyu sareng arah jarum jam atanapi sanés.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Outer Worlds; Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and Beyond|pages=195–206|year=2006|first=Michael P.|last=Borgia|publisher=Springer New York}}</ref> Sanajan kitu, sakumaha baé konvénsina, Uranus mibanda [[rotasi mundur]] (rétrograd) upami dibandingkeun sareng orbitna. Rotasi hiji planét tiasa kawangun ku sababaraha faktor nalika prosés ngawujudna. [[Momentum sudut]] bersihna tiasa kacipta ku momentum sudut anu asalna tina objék-objék akrési. Akrési gas ku raksasa gas ogé mangaruhan kana momentum sudut. Dina tahapan ahir ngawujudna planét, [[proses stokastik]] mangrupa akrési protoplanét tiasa ngarobah sumbu puter planét sacara acak.<ref name="araa31">{{cite journal | title=Planet formation |last=Lissauer | series=31 |first=Jack J. |journal=Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics |volume=(A94-12726 02–90) | issue=1 |pages=129–174 |year=1993 |doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.31.090193.001021 |bibcode=1993ARA&A..31..129L}}</ref> Aya bédana lilana poé anu kacida jauhna antarplanét. Vénus peryogi 243 poé Bumi pikeun sakali rotasi, sedengkeun raksasa gas mah mung peryogi sababaraha jam hungkul.<ref>{{cite web |title=Planet tables |url=http://www.astronomynotes.com/tables/tablesb.htm |first=Nick |last=Strobel |publisher=astronomynotes.com |accessdate=2008-02-01}}</ref> Période rotasi planét luar surya mah tacan kanyahoan sacara pasti. Nanging, perenahna anu caket kana béntangna téh ngandung harti yén banda-banda [[Jupiter panas]] mibanda sifat [[penguncian gelombang|kakonci sacara tidal]] (orbitna sinkron sareng rotasina). Hal ieu ngabalukarkeun éta planét ngan némbongkeun hiji sisi ka béntangna, sahingga hiji sisi salawasna beurang, sedengkeun sisi sanésna salawasna peuting.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Magnetically-Driven Planetary Radio Emissions and Application to Extrasolar Planets |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysics-and-space-science_2001-06_277_1-2/page/293 | last=Zarka |first=Philippe |author2=Treumann, Rudolf A.; Ryabov, Boris P.; Ryabov, Vladimir B. |year=2001 |journal=Astrophysics & Space Science |volume=277 |issue=1/2 |page=293 |doi = 10.1023/A:1012221527425|bibcode = 2001Ap&SS.277..293Z }}</ref> ==== Meresihan orbit ==== Ciri dinamis utama anu nangtukeun hiji planét nyaéta éta banda langit téh parantos [[membersihkan lingkungan|meresihan lingkungan]] orbitna. Planét anu parantos meresihan lingkunganana mibanda massa anu cekap pikeun nyapu sadaya [[planetesimal]] dina jalur orbitna. Hasilna, éta planét téh ngorbit kana béntangna sacara tetep, sarta henteu babagi orbit sareng sababaraha objék sanés anu ukuranna mirupa. Ciri ieu kacantum dina [[definisi planet 2006|définisi resmi planét]] [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] bulan Agustus 2006. Kritéria kasebut henteu ngawengku banda-banda ka-planét-an sapertos [[Pluto]], [[Eris (planet katai)|Eris]], sarta [[Ceres (planet katai)|Ceres]], sahingga maranéhna digolongkeun salaku [[planét katé]].<ref name="IAU" /> Sanaos dugi ka ayeuna ieu kritéria téh nembé lumaku di Tata Surya hungkul, sajumlahing sistim luar surya anom (muda) kapanggih mibanda bukti ayana prosés meresihan orbit dina cakram sirkumbéntangna.<ref>{{cite arxiv |title=The Total Number of Giant Planets in Debris Disks with Central Clearings |date=2007-07-12 |author=Faber, Peter; Quillen, Alice C. |eprint=0706.1684 |class=astro-ph}}</ref> === Ciri-ciri fisik === ==== Massa ==== Ciri fisik utama anu nangtukeun hiji planét nyaéta naha éta banda langit téh cukup ageung pikeun maksa gravitasi sorangan ngawasa (ngadominasi) [[gaya elektromagnetik]] anu mungkus struktur fisikna, sahingga nyiptakeun [[kesetimbangan hidrostatik]]. Ieu ngandung harti yén sadaya planét téh mibanda wangun sfer (bola) atanapi sferoidal. Nepi ka titik massa tinangtu, wangun hiji objék téh bisa waé teu tangtu (acak), nanging upami parantos ngaliwatan éta titik (anu variasina gumantung kana susunan kimiawi bahanna), gravitasi bakal mimiti narik éta objék ka puseur massana dugi ka éta objék téh ngawujud jadi bola.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Dwarf Planets |url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dwarfplanets/ |authorlink=Michael E. Brown |last=Brown |first=Michael E. |work=California Institute of Technology |year=2006 |accessdate=2008-02-01}}</ref> Massa ogé mangrupa ciri utama anu ngabédakeun planét sareng [[béntang]]. Wates massa luhur pikeun hiji planét nyaéta 13 kali massa Jupiter (13 MJ) pikeun objék-objék kalawan [[kelimpahan isotop]] panonpoé. Upami langkung ti éta, hiji objék bakal mibanda kaayaan anu pas pikeun ngayakeun [[fusi nuklir]]. Sajabi ti Panonpoé, teu aya deui objék mibanda massa sapertos kitu di Tata Surya; nanging aya éksoplanét anu ukuranana saukur Panonpoé. Wates 13 MJ ieu tacan diaku sacara universal, sarta [[Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]] masih ngasupkeun objék-objék mibanda massa 20 kali Jupiter,<ref>[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=exoplanet-catalogue How One Astronomer Became the Unofficial Exoplanet Record-Keeper], www.scientificamerican.com</ref> sedengkeun [[Exoplanet Data Explorer]] ngasupkeun objék dugi ka 24 kali massa Jupiter.<ref>{{cite arxiv |eprint=1012.5676 |author1=Jason T Wright |author2=Onsi Fakhouri |author3=Marcy |author4=Eunkyu Han |author5=Ying Feng |author6=John Asher Johnson |author7=Howard |author8=Fischer |author9=Valenti |title=The Exoplanet Orbit Database |class=astro-ph.SR |year=2010}}</ref> Planét pangleutikna anu kungsi kanyahoan, henteu kaasup planét katé sarta satelit, nyaéta [[PSR B1257+12A]]. Ieu mangrupa salah sahiji planét luar surya munggaran anu kapanggih dina taun 1992 sarta ngulilingan hiji [[pulsar]]. Massana kira-kira satengah tina massa planét Mérkurius.<ref name="Encyclopaedia" /> Planét pangleutikna anu ngorbit béntang dérét utama sajabi ti Panonpoé nyaéta [[Kepler-37b]]. Massa sarta radiusna sakedik langkung ageung batan [[Bulan]]. ==== Diferénsiasi internal ==== [[File:Jupiter interior.png|lurus|jmpl|250px|Ilustrasi interior Jupiter kalawan inti tina batu anu dilingkung ku lapisan hidrogén métalik anu kandel]] Saban planét ngamimitian ayana (éksisténsina) dina wangun éncér (cair); nalika prosés ngawujudna, matéri anu langkung padet sarta beurat tilelep ka bagian tengah, sedengkeun matéri anu hampang tetep aya dina bagian luhur (beungeut). Masing-masing mibanda bagian jero (interior) [[diferensiasi planet|anu béda-béda]], anu diwangun ku [[inti planet|inti planét]] padet sarta dilingkung ku [[mantel (geologi)|mantel]] éncér atanapi padet. Planét-planét kabumian (térestrial) kalingkung ku [[kerak (geologi)|kerak]] padet,<ref name="terrestrial">{{cite web |title=Planetary Interiors |work=Department of Physics, University of Oregon |url=http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec16.html |accessdate=2008-08-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808155809/http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec16.html |archivedate=2012-08-08 }}</ref> nanging dina raksasa gas mah, mantelna téh lényéh sarta ngahiji jadi lapisan méga pangluhurna. Planét kabumian mibanda inti tina élemén magnétik sapertos [[beusi]] sarta [[nikél]], sarta mantel [[silikat]]. [[Jupiter]] sarta [[Saturnus]] dipercaya mibanda inti tina batu sarta logam anu dilingkung ku mantel [[hidrogén métalik]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Linda T.|last=Elkins-Tanton|year=2006|title=Jupiter and Saturn|url=https://archive.org/details/jupitersaturn0000elki_t3r5|publisher=Chelsea House|location=New York|isbn=0-8160-5196-8}}</ref> [[Uranus]] sarta [[Néptunus]], anu ukuranana langkung alit, mibanda inti batu anu dilingkung ku mantel [[cai]], [[amonia]], [[métana]], sarta [[bahan volatil|és]].<ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/0032-0633(95)00061-5}}</ref> Gerakan cairan di jero inti planét-planét kasebut ngahasilkeun [[geodinamo]] anu nyiptakeun [[médan magnét]].<ref name="terrestrial" /> ==== Atmosfir ==== {{Tempo ogé|Atmosfir ékstratéréstrial}} [[File:Top of Atmosphere.jpg|jmpl|kénca|250px|Atmosfir Bumi]] Sadaya planét di Tata Surya sajabi ti [[Mérkurius]]<ref>Hunten D. M., Shemansky D. E., Morgan T. H. (1988), ''The Mercury atmosphere'', In: Mercury (A89-43751 19–91). University of Arizona Press, pp. 562–612</ref> mibanda [[atmosfir]] dasar jalaran gravitasi massana anu kacida ageungna cekap kiat pikeun nahan gas supados tetep caket kana beungeut planét. Planét raksasa gas mibanda ukuran anu cukup badag pikeun nahan sajumlahing gas hampang sapertos [[hidrogén]] sarta [[hélium]], sedengkeun dina planét-planét leutik mah éta gas téh lolos ka [[luar angkasa]].<ref>{{cite doi | 10.1086/426329 }}</ref> Komposisi atmosfir Bumi bénten sareng planét sanésna jalaran ayana rupa-rupa prosés [[kahirupan]] anu lumangsung di ieu planét, anu parantos ngahasilkeun molekul [[oksigén]] bébas.<ref name="zeilik">{{cite book|last=Zeilik|first=Michael A.|author2=Gregory, Stephan A.|title=Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics|url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryastr0000zeil|edition=4th|year=1998|publisher=Saunders College Publishing|isbn=0-03-006228-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryastr0000zeil/page/67 67]}}</ref> Atmosfir planét dipangaruhan ku rupa-rupa [[insolasi]] (radiasi panonpoé) atanapi énergi internal, sahingga ngabalukarkeun kawangunna [[sistem cuaca|sistim cuaca]] dinamis sapertos [[badai]] (di Bumi), [[badai debu|badai lebu]] sa-planét (di Mars), [[badai antisiklon|antisiklon]] saukuran Bumi (di Jupiter; disebut [[Bintik Beureum Gedé]]), sarta [[Titik Gelap Besar|liang dina atmosfir]] (di Néptunus).<ref name="Weather" /> Sahenteuna aya hiji planét luar surya, [[HD 189733 b]], anu diklaim mibanda sistim cuaca sapertos kitu, sarupa sareng Bintik Beureum Gedé nanging ukuranana dua kali lipet langkung ageung.<ref name="knutson">{{cite journal | last=Knutson |first=Heather A. |author2=Charbonneau, David; Allen, Lori E.; Fortney, Jonathan J. |title=A map of the day-night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733 b | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2007-05-10_447_7141/page/183 |journal=Nature |year=2007 |volume=447 |doi=10.1038/nature05782 |laysummary=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2007/pr200713.html |laysource=Center for Astrophysics press release |laydate=2007-05-09 |pmid=17495920 |issue=7141 |bibcode=2007Natur.447..183K | pages=183–6|arxiv = 0705.0993 }}</ref> Jalaran perenahna anu kacida caketna sareng béntang indungna, banda-banda Jupiter panas kaleungitan atmosfirna akibat radiasi béntang, mirupa buntut komét.<ref>{{cite press release |first1=Donna |last1=Weaver |first2=Ray |last2=Villard |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/07/full/ |title=Hubble Probes Layer-cake Structure of Alien World's Atmosphere |publisher=Space Telescope Science Institute |date=2007-01-31 |accessdate=2011-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | journal=Nature |last=Ballester |first=Gilda E. |author2=Sing, David K.; Herbert, Floyd |title=The signature of hot hydrogen in the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2007-02-01_445_7127/page/511 |volume=445 |year=2007 |doi=10.1038/nature05525 |pmid=17268463 |issue=7127 |bibcode=2007Natur.445..511B | pages=511–4}}</ref> Ieu planét-planét téh mibanda béda suhu beurang sareng peuting anu kacida jauhna, dugi ka tiasa ngahasilkeun angin supersonik.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Harrington |first=Jason |author2=Hansen, Brad M.; Luszcz, Statia H.; Seager, Sara |title=The phase-dependent infrared brightness of the extrasolar planet Andromeda b | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2006-10-27_314_5799/page/623 |journal=Science |volume=314 |year=2006 |doi=10.1126/science.1133904 |laysummary=http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/spitzer-20061012.html |laysource=NASA press release |laydate=2006-10-12 |pmid=17038587 |issue=5799 |bibcode=2006Sci...314..623H | pages=623–6|arxiv = astro-ph/0610491 }}</ref> Nanging, sisi beurang sareng peuting dina [[HD 189733 b]] mah katingal mibanda suhu anu sarua, anu nuduhkeun yén atmosfir ieu planét téh éféktif pisan dina ngadistribusikeun deui énergi béntang ka sakuliah bagian planétna.<ref name="knutson" /> ==== Magnétosfir ==== [[File:Structure of the magnetosphere-en.svg|jmpl|ka|300px|Skéma [[medan magnet Bumi|magnétosfir Bumi]]]] Salah sahiji ciri penting tina hiji planét nyaéta [[momen magnet|momen magnét]] intrinsikna anu janten bibit buit (cikal bakal) tina [[magnetosfer|magnétosfirna]]. Ayana médan magnét nuduhkeun yén éta planét téh sacara géologi masih kénéh "hirup". Kalayan kecap sanés, planét anu mibanda sipat magnét mibanda aliran bahan [[konduktivitas listrik|konduktor listrik]] dina bagian jerona (interior) anu nyiptakeun médan magnét. Ieu médan téh kacida mangaruhanana kana interaksi planét sareng angin surya. Planét anu mibanda sipat magnét bakal nyiptakeun panyalindung anu disebut magnétosfir, anu teu tiasa ditembus ku angin surya. Ukuran magnétosfir tiasa langkung ageung batan planétna sorangan. Sabalikna, planét anu teu mibanda sipat magnét mah mibanda magnétosfir anu alit, anu kawangun ku interaksi [[ionosfer|ionosfir]] sareng angin surya, nanging teu tiasa nangtayungan éta planét sacara éféktif.<ref name="Kivelson2007" /> Tina dalapan planét di Tata Surya, ngan Vénus sarta Mars anu teu mibanda médan magnét.<ref name="Kivelson2007" /> Sajaba ti éta, satelit Jupiter [[Ganymede (satelit)|Ganyméde]] ogé mibanda médan magnét. Tina sadaya planét anu mibanda sipat magnét, médan Mérkurius mangrupa anu panghéngkérna (lemah) sahingga teu mampuh nahan [[angin surya|angin surya]]. Médan magnét Ganyméde sababaraha kali lipet langkung ageung, sedengkeun médan Jupiter mangrupa anu pangkiatna di Tata Surya (kacida kiatna sahingga ieu planét téh mibanda ancaman kaséhatan anu sérius pikeun misi berawak ka satelit-satelitna dina mangsa ka hareup). Médan magnét planét-planét raksasa sanésna mibanda kakuatan anu ampir sarua sareng Bumi, nanging momen magnétna langkung ageung. Médan magnét Uranus sarta Néptunus kacida miringna upami dibandingkeun sareng [[sumbu rotasi]] sarta perenahna misah tina puseur (pusat) planétna.<ref name="Kivelson2007">{{cite book|last=Kivelson|first=Margaret Galland|author2=Bagenal, Fran|chapter=Planetary Magnetospheres|title=Encyclopedia of the Solar System|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_W8-BGD-739|year=2007|publisher=Academic Press|editor= Lucyann Mcfadden, Paul Weissman, Torrence Johnson|isbn=978-0-12-088589-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/bwb_W8-BGD-739/page/519 519]}}</ref> Dina taun 2004, tim astronom di Hawaii nalungtik hiji planét luar surya anu ngulilingan béntang [[HD 179949]]. Ieu planét katingal nyiptakeun titik panonpoé (sunspot) dina beungeut béntang indungna. Éta tim mibanda hipotésis yén magnétosfir éta planét téh keur mentransfer énergi ka beungeut béntang sarta ngalantarankeun suhuna naék tina 7.760 °C janten 8.160 °C.<ref>{{cite web | title=Magnetic planet |first=Amanda | last=Gefter | work=Astronomy |date=2004-01-17 |url=http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=2090 |accessdate=2008-01-29}}</ref> === Ciri-ciri sekundér === Sababaraha planét atanapi planét katé di Tata Surya (sapertos [[Néptunus]] atanapi [[Pluto]]) mibanda période orbit anu [[resonansi orbit|saluyu]] (résonansi) hiji sareng nu sanésna atanapi sareng banda-banda langit anu langkung alit (hal ieu lumrah lumangsung dina sistim satelit). Sadaya planét iwal [[Mérkurius]] sareng [[Vénus]] mibanda [[satelit alami]] anu biasana disebut "bulan". Bumi mibanda hiji satelit, Mars dua, sarta [[raksasa gas]] mibanda sababaraha satelit kalayan sistim ka-planét-an anu kompléks. Loba satelit raksasa gas mibanda ciri-ciri anu sarua sareng planét kabumian sarta planét katé. Sababaraha di antarana malah dianggap mibanda lingkungan anu merenah pikeun kahirupan (utamana [[Europa (satelit)|Europa]]).<ref name="Grasset2000">{{cite journal | last= Grasset |first=O. |author2=Sotin C.; Deschamps F. |title = On the internal structure and dynamic of Titan | url= https://archive.org/details/sim_planetary-and-space-science_june-july-2000_48_7-8/page/617 |year = 2000 |journal = Planetary and Space Science |volume = 48 | issue= 7–8 | pages = 617–636 |doi=10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00039-8 | bibcode=2000P&SS...48..617G}}</ref><ref name="Fortes2000">{{cite journal | journal = Icarus |volume= 146 |issue = 2 |pages = 444–452 |year= 2000 |doi = 10.1006/icar.2000.6400 |title = Exobiological implications of a possible ammonia-water ocean inside Titan |author = Fortes, A. D. |bibcode=2000Icar..146..444F}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Nicola|last=Jones|date=2001-12-11|work=New Scientist Print Edition|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn1647|title=Bacterial explanation for Europa's rosy glow|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> [[File:Voyager 2 - Saturn Rings - 3085 7800 2.png|jmpl|kénca|lurus|250px|[[Cincin Saturnus|Cingcin Saturnus]]]] Opat raksasa gas ogé dikulilingan ku [[cincin planet|cingcin planét]] kalayan ukuran sarta karumitan anu rupa-rupa. Ieu cingcin téh diwangun ku lebu atanapi partikel, nanging tiasa ogé janten tempat cicingna '[[Cincin Saturnus#Anak bulan|anak bulan]]' anu mungil, anu gravitasi na nangtukeun sarta miara struktur éta cingcin. Sanaos asal-usul kawangunna tacan kanyahoan sacara pasti, cingcin planét dipercaya salaku hasil tina satelit alami anu asup kana [[batas Roche]] planét indungna, lajeng hancur akibat [[gaya gelombang pasang|gaya pasang surut]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=Molnar, L. A.; Dunn, D. E. |title=On the Formation of Planetary Rings |journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society |year=1996 |volume=28 |pages=77–115 |bibcode=1996DPS....28.1815M | last2=Dunn}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Encrenaz|last=Thérése|year=2004|title=The Solar System|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9783540002413|edition=Third|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9783540002413/page/388 388]–390|publisher=Springer|isbn=3-540-00241-3}}</ref> Taya ciri sekundér anu katingal dina planét-planét luar surya. Nanging, [[katai sub-coklat]] [[Cha 110913-773444]], anu dianggap salaku [[planet liar]], dipercaya dilingkung ku hiji [[cakram protoplanet]] anu mungil.<ref name="Luhman" /> {{Clear}} == Istilah patali == <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> * [[Komet|Komét]] * [[Mnemonik planet|Mnémonik planét]] * [[Planet ganda|Planét ganda]] * [[Planet katai|Planét katé]] * [[Planet liar|Planét liar]] * [[Planet luar surya|Planét luar surya]] (atanapi Éksoplanét) – banda langit di luar Tata Surya * [[Mesoplanet|Mésoplanét]] * [[Planet minor|Planét minor]] – banda langit anu langkung alit batan planét * [[Planetar (astronomi)|Planétar]] * [[Planetesimal|Planétésimal]] * [[Protoplanet|Protoplanét]] </div> == Lihat pula == {{portal|Astronomi}} <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> * [[Langit ekstraterestrial]] * [[Daftar benda hipotesis di Tata Surya]] * [[Pendaratan di planet lain]] * [[Penjelajahan luar angkasa]] * [[Keterhunian planet]] * [[Ilmu keplanetan]] * [[Eksoplanetologi]] * [[Planetologi teoretis]] * [[Planet di astrologi]] * [[Planet di fiksi ilmiah]] </div> == Catatan kaki == {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == Referensi == {{Reflist|30em}} == Pranala luar == {{Commons category|Planets}} {{Wiktionary|planet}} * [http://www.iau.org/ International Astronomical Union website] * [http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/ Photojournal NASA] * [http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/ NASA Planet Quest – Exoplanet Exploration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225110149/http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/ |date=2011-02-25 }} * [http://www.co-intelligence.org/newsletter/comparisons.html Illustration comparing the sizes of the planets with each other, the Sun, and other stars] * {{cite web |url=http://www.iau.org/STATUS_OF_PLUTO.238.0.html |title=IAU Press Releases since 1999 "The status of Pluto: A Clarification" |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214043704/http://www.iau.org/STATUS_OF_PLUTO.238.0.html |archivedate=2007-12-14 |accessdate=2019-12-25 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214043704/http://www.iau.org/STATUS_OF_PLUTO.238.0.html |date=2007-12-14 }} * [http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~hal/planet_def.html "Regarding the criteria for planethood and proposed planetary classification schemes."] article by Stern and Levinson * [http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/ ''Planetary Science Research Discoveries''] (educational site with illustrated articles) {{artikel pilihan}} {{Tata surya}} [[Kategori:Planét]] [[Kategori:Astronomi pengamatan]] [[Kategori:Ilmu keplanetan]] rjoc4gksx87rkezvva0a7u9s79qoknl 0 99987 730033 709765 2026-10-08T20:02:00Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Universitas |name = Universitas Airlangga |image_name =Logo-Branding-UNAIR-biru.png |caption = |motto = Excellence with Morality<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://unair.ac.id/site/menu/show/15/identitas.html |title=Identitas Logo Universitas Airlangga |accessdate=31 Oktober 2016 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130083750/https://unair.ac.id/site/menu/show/15/identitas.html |date=2021-11-30 }}</ref> |established = [[10 November]] [[1954]] |type = [[Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Badan Hukum]]<br> |rector = Prof. Dr. Muhammad Madyan, S.E., M.Si., M.Fin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biografi Rektor |url=https://unair.ac.id/biografi-rektor/ |website=Universitas Airlangga Official Website |publisher=Universitas Airlangga |access-date=27 December 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |city = [[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]] |state = [[Jawa Wetan]] |country = [[Indonesia]] |mascot = Garuda Mukti |faculty = 1.522 (2015) |students = 44.474 (2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=Student Profile |url=https://satudata.unair.ac.id/analytical-reports/resonant/tableau/student-profile |website=UNAIR Satu Data |publisher=Universitas Airlangga |access-date=27 Desember 2025 |language=id }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |campus = Urban |colors = Kuning-Biru {{color box|yellow}} {{color box|blue}} |nickname = UNAIR / UA |affiliations = AUN<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aunsec.org/membership.php|title=Membership of ASEAN Universities Network|publisher=ASEAN Universities Network (AUN)|access-date=4 Agustus 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430230140/http://www.aunsec.org/membership.php |date=2020-04-30 }}</ref>, ABEST21<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abest21.org/member/organization/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230142630/http://www.abest21.org/member/organization/index.html |date=2019-12-30 }}</ref>, ASEA-UNINET<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asea-uninet.org/network-members/member-universities/indonesian-universities/}}</ref>, ASIIN, ASAIHL<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seameo.org/asaihl/}}</ref>, FIBAA, APHEA, ASIC<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asicuk.com/international-directory/{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, ACEN |website = {{URL|http://www.unair.ac.id}} | logo = |footnotes = Logo dan Moto Universitas Airlangga }} '''Universitas Airlangga''' (atanapi '''UNAIR atau UA''') ({{lang-jv|ꦈꦤꦶꦮ꦳ꦼꦂꦱꦶꦠꦱ꧀​ꦄꦲꦶꦂꦭꦁꦒ}}) nyaéta [[paguron luhur]] anu perenahna di [[Surabaya]], [[Jawa Wétan]]. Universitas ieu didirikeun dina [[10 Nopémber]] [[1954]] kalepatan sareng dinten Pahlawan ka-9. Dumasar data tina 30 Séptémber 2015, aya 38,047 mahasiswa anu kadaptar dina [http://www.unair.ac.id UNAIR].<ref name="stats"/> Dumasar kana réngking ti QS World University Ranking 2024, Universitas Airlangga rengking kaopat salaku universitas pangalusna di Indonésia. == Sajarah == Ngadegna Universitas Airlangga ngabogaan sajarah anu cukup panjang. Saméméh Unair diadegkeun sacara resmi, dina tanggal 9 jeung 11 Oktober 1847, usulan diajukeun ka Pamaréntah Kolonial Walanda pikeun ngadidik nonoman Jawa anu berbakat pikeun jadi ahli dina prakték kaséhatan. Dina tanggal 2 Januari 1849, ngaliwatan SK Pamaréntah No. 22, NIAS (Nederlandsch Indische Artsen School) diadegkeun  minangka tempat atikan kadokteran di Surabaya. Ti taun 1913, atikan kadokteran di Surabaya lumangsung di Jalan Kedungdoro 38 Surabaya. Taun 1923, gedong NIAS dipindahkeun ti Jalan Kedungdoro ka tempat ayana Fakultas Kedokteran Unair di Jalan Mayjen. Prof. Dr. Moestopo, Surabaya. Lajeng Dr. Lonkhuizen, Kapala Dines Kaséhatan waktu harita, nepikeun proposal pikeun ngadegkeun Sakola Gigi di Surabaya anu dirintis ti bulan Juli 1928 nepi ka 1945. Anjeunna meunang persetujuan ti Dr. RJF Van Zaben, Diréktur NIAS. Salajengna, sakola ieu langkung dikenal salaku STOVIT (School tot Opleiding van Indische Tandarsten). Dina waktos éta, STOVIT hasil ngumpulkeun 21 siswa. Sapanjang jalan, STOVIT ngaganti ngaran jadi Ika Daigaku Shika (sakola kedokteran jeung kedokteran gigi) jeung Dr. Takeda mangrupikeun sutradara kahijina, ngalayanan antara 1942-1945. Dua warsih saterusna, pamaréntah Walanda nyokot alih lajeng ngaganti ngaran jadi Tandheelkunding Instituut. Taun 1948 ieu sakola robah statusna jadi Universiteit Tandheelkunding Instituut (UTI). Dina kakawasaan Republik Indonesia Serikat (RIS), UTI robah deui ngaranna jadi Institute of Dental Sciences (LIKG) salila 4 taun diajar, dipingpin ku Prof. M. Knap jeung Prof. M. Soetojo. Taun 1948, Universitas Airlangga mangrupa cabang Universitas Indonésia anu miboga dua fakultas, nya éta Fakultas Kedokteran jeung Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi. Universitas Airlangga resmi ngadeg taun 1954 dumasar kana Peraturan Pamaréntah No. 57/1954 sarta diresmikeun ku Persidén RI dina tanggal 10 Nopémber 1954, mitembeyan miéling poé Pahlawan anu kasalapan. Dina taun anu sarua diadegkeun Fakultas Hukum, anu saméméhna mangrupa cabang Fakultas Hukum, Ékonomi jeung Pulitik Sosial Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Nalika diresmikeun, Universitas Airlangga diwangun ku lima fakultas, nya éta: # Fakultas Kedokteran anu tadina mangrupa cabang ti Universitas Indonésia ; # Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi anu tadina mangrupa cabang ti Universitas Indonésia ; # Fakultas Hukum nu tadina mangrupa cabang ti Universitas Gadjah Mada ; # Fakultas Sastra, berkedudukan di Denpasar , anu taun 1962 misah ti Universitas Airlangga jadi bagian ti Universitas Udayana ; # Fakultas Keguruan dan Keguruan yang berpusat di Malang , sarta dina taun 1963 misah ti Universitas Airlangga jadi Lembaga Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Negeri Malang (IKIP), anu ayeuna robah jadi Universitas Negeri Malang (UM). == Ngaran jeung simbol == Ngaran "Airlangga" dicokot tina ngaran raja nu maréntah Jawa Wétan ti taun 1019 nepi ka 1042, nyaéta Rake Halu Sri Lokeswara Dharmawangsa Airlangga Anantawikramattungadewa atawa katelah Prabu Airlangga. Lambang Universitas Airlangga nyaéta "Garuda Mukti" kalayan tunggangna Batara Wisnu mawa kendi anu eusina cai "amerta", nyaéta cai kahirupan anu langgeng. Simbol ieu ngalambangkeun Universitas Airlangga salaku sumber pangaweruh anu langgeng. Ngaran jeung lambang Universitas Airlangga diwujudkeun dina arca Prabu Airlangga anu jangkungna kurang leuwih tilu méter sarta nangtung di hareupeun Kampus A Universitas Airlangga. Patung ieu dilakukeun dina taun 1954 ku Hendra Gunawan , saurang pematung ti Pelukis Rakjat atawa nu saterusna jadi bagian tina Lembaga Kabudayaan Rakjat (Lekra) .  Pagawéan éta arca dilaksanakeun ku Hendra babarengan jeung lima anggota Pelukis Rakjat jeung sapuluh pagawé séjénna sarta ngaréngsékeun kurang leuwih tilu puluh poé. Bandéra Universitas Airlangga warna konéng biru. Konéng melambangkan kaagungan, biru melambangkan kasatiaan sareng jiwa anu jero. Warna-warna éta dicokot tina warna jilbab nutupan arca Wisnu dina upacara ngadegna Universitas Airlangga ku Présidén Kahiji RI tanggal 10 Nopémber 1954. == Lokasi == Universitas Airlangga miboga 14 fakultas jeung 1 pascasarjana anu menempati tilu kampus anu sumebar di sakuliah Surabaya, nyaéta: * '''Kampus A''' di Jalan Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47. Di kampus ieu aya Fakultas Kedokteran (FK) jeung Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi (FKG). * '''Kampus B''' di Jalan Airlangga 4-6. Di kampus ieu aya Fakultas Ékonomi jeung Bisnis (FEB), Fakultas Hukum (FH), Fakultas Psikologi (FPsi), Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (FISIP), Fakultas Ilmu Budaya (FIB), Fakultas Vokasi. Studi (FV), sareng Program Pascasarjana (PPs) * '''Kampus C''' di Mulyorejo , Surabaya Timur. Di kampus ieu aya Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi (FST), Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (FKM), Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan (FKH), Fakultas Keperawatan (F.Kp), Fakultas Farmasi (FF). , Fakultas Perikanan jeung Kelautan (FPK), jeung Fakultas Téknologi Canggih jeung Multidisiplin (FTMM). * '''Kampus Banyuwangi''' , kampus Fakultas Kesehatan dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FIKIA) Universitas Airlangga anu perenahna di Gedong Kampus Giri Jalan Wijaya Kusuma No. 113 jeung Kampus Sobo Jalan Ikan Wijinongko No.18a. Di SIKIA aya 3 program studi, nya éta Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat, Sarjana Kedokteran Hewan, jeung Sarjana Akuakultur. ^{[ ''<nowiki>https://sikia.unair.ac.id/histori/</nowiki>'' ]} * '''Kampus Jakarta''' ayana di Graha STR Kemang, Jakarta Selatan, husus dibuka pikeun program studi Magister Hukum, Magister Notaris jeung Ilmu Hukum sarta Pengembangan. == kapala sakola == {| class="wikitable" !No. ! colspan="2" |Kepala Sekolah !Candak kantor !Tungtung kantor !Nyaéta. |- |1 | |<small>Prof. Bapa</small> Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo |1954 |1961 | |- |2 | |<small>Prof. dr.</small> Mohammad Toha Ronodipuro |1961 |1965 | |- |3 | |<small>Kol. TNI (Purn.)</small> CKH. Chasan Durjat |1965 |1966 | |- |4 | |<small>Prof. Dr. Dr.</small> Eri Sudewo |1966 |1974 | |- |5 | |<small>Prof. Dr A.S. dr.</small> Kwari Setjadibrata <small>Sp.A</small> |1974 |1975 | |- |6 | |<small>Prof. Dr.</small> Abdul Gani <small>SH, MS</small> |1976 |1980 | |- |7 | |<small>Prof. Dr. Dr.</small> Marsetio Donosepoetro |1980 |1984 | |- |8 | |<small>Prof. Dr.</small> Soedarso Djojonegoro |1984 |1993 | |- |9 | |<small>Prof. dr. H.</small> Bambang Rahino |1993 |1997 | |- |10 | |<small>Prof. Dr. H.</small> Soedarto <small>DTM&H, Ph.D</small> |1997 |2001 | |- |<center>11</center> | |<small>Prof. Dr. Med. dr.</small> Puruhito <small>Sp.B</small> |<center>2001</center> |<center>2006</center> | |- | rowspan="2" |<center>12</center> | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |<small>Prof. Dr.</small> Fasichul Lisan <small>Apt</small> |<center>8 Juni 2006</center> |<center>10 Juni 2010</center> | |- |<center>10 Juni 2010</center> |<center>10 Juni 2015</center> | |- |<center>13</center> | |<small>Prof. dr.</small> Mohammad Nasih <small>SE., MT, Ak., CMA</small> |<center>10 Juni 2015</center> |<center>''Incumbent''</center> | |} == Fakultas jeung program studi == * '''Fakultas Kedokteran (FK)''' ** Sarjana Kedokteran ** Gelar Sarjana Kebidanan ** Masters dina Élmu Kaséhatan réproduktif ** Masters dina Élmu Kaséhatan Olahraga ** Masters dina Élmu Médis Dasar ** Masters dina Kedokteran Tropis ** Masters dina Kedokteran Klinis ** Gelar Doktor dina Élmu Médis ** Atikan Profesional Médis ** Atikan Profesi Bidan ** Program spesialis * '''Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi (FKG)''' ** S-1 Atikan Dokter Gigi ** Masters dina Élmu Kaséhatan Dental ** S-3 Élmu Kaséhatan Dental ** Atikan Profesional Dokter Gigi ** Program spesialis * '''Fakultas Hukum (FH)''' ** Sarjana Hukum ** Sarjana Hukum ** Master of Élmu Notaris ** Gelar Doktor Hukum * '''Fakultas Ékonomi jeung Usaha (FEB)''' ** Gelar Sarjana Manajemén ** S-1 Akunting ** Sarjana Ékonomi ** Sarjana Ékonomi Islam ** Masters dina Ékonomi ** Masters dina Manajemén ** Masters dina Élmu Manajemén ** Masters dina Akunting ** Sarjana Ékonomi Islam ** Gelar Doktor dina Élmu Manajemén ** S-3 Élmu Akuntansi ** Gelar Doktor Ékonomi ** Gelar Doktor Ékonomi Islam ** Atikan Profesi Akuntansi * '''Fakultas Farmasi (FF)''' ** S-1 Apotek ** Masters dina Farmasi klinis ** Masters dina Élmu Farmasi ** Gelar Doktor dina Élmu Farmasi ** Atikan Profesional Apoteker * '''Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan (FKH)''' ** Sarjana Kedokteran Hewan ** S-2 Vaksinologi & Imunoterapi ** Masters dina Biologi réproduktif ** Masters dina Kedokteran Pangajaran sarta Palatihan Atikan & Kaséhatan Umum ** Masters dina Agribisnis Pangajaran sarta Palatihan Atikan ** S-3 Dokter Hewan Sehat ** Pangajaran sarta Palatihan Atikan Profesional * '''Fakultas Ilmu Sosial sareng Pulitik (FISIP)''' ** Sarjana Élmu dina Hubungan Internasional ** Sarjana Élmu Komunikasi ** Sarjana Élmu Administrasi Publik ** Sarjana Émbaran & Élmu Perpustakaan ** Sarjana Élmu Pulitik ** S-1 Antropologi ** Sarjana Sosiologi ** Masters dina Hubungan Internasional ** Masters dina Sosiologi ** Masters dina Élmu Pulitik ** Master of Kabijakan Umum ** Masters dina Média & Komunikasi ** Gelar Doktor dina Élmu Sosial * '''Fakultas Sains jeung Téknologi (FST)''' ** S-1 Statistik ** S-1 Fisika ** Gelar Sarjana Téknik Biomédis ** S-1 Téknik Lingkungan ** Sarjana Biologi ** Sarjana Matematika ** S-1 Kimia ** Bachelor of Systems Émbaran ** Masters dina Biologi ** Masters dina Kimia ** Masters dina Téknik Biomédis ** S-3 Matematika jeung Élmu * '''Fakultas Kaséhatan Umum (FKM)''' ** Sarjana Kaséhatan Umum ** Sarjana Élmu dina Gizi ** Masters dina Kaséhatan Lingkungan ** Masters dina Administrasi Kaséhatan & Kabijakan ** Masters dina Epidemiologi ** Masters dina Kaséhatan Lingkungan ** Gelar Master dina Kaséhatan sareng Kasalametan Pekerjaan ** Gelar Doktor dina Élmu Kaséhatan * '''Fakultas Psikologi (FPsi)''' ** Sarjana Psikologi ** Masters dina Psikologi ** Master of Psikologi Terapan ** Masters dina Psikologi Profesional ** PhD dina Psikologi * '''Fakultas Ilmu Budaya (FIB)''' ** Sarjana Studi Jepang ** Sarjana Élmu dina Sajarah ** Sarjana Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia ** Sarjana Basa jeung Sastra Inggris ** Masters dina Linguistik ** Master dina Studi Sastra & Budaya * '''Fakultas Keperawatan (FKP)''' ** Gelar Sarjana Keperawatan ** Gelar Master dina Kaperawatan ** Gelar Doktor dina Kaperawatan ** Atikan Profesi Mantri * '''Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan (FPK)''' ** S-1 Budidaya ** Gelar Sarjana Téknologi Produk Perikanan ** Masters dina Perikanan sareng Biotéhnologi Kelautan ** Masters dina Élmu Perikanan * '''Fakultas Vokasi''' ** D-3 Kaperawatan ** D-3 Fisioterapi ** D-3 Téknik Kaséhatan Dental ** D-3 Kaséhatan jeung Kasalametan Gawé ** D-3 Paramedic Veterinarian ** D-3 Pangobatan Tradisional ** D-3 Systems Émbaran ** D-3 Instrumentation Systems Automation ** D-3 Téhnik Perpustakaan ** D-3 Pajeg ** D-3 Akunting ** D-3 Téhnologi Laboratorium Médis ** D-3 Inggris ** D-3 Manajemén Marketing ** D-4 Manajemén Kantor Digital ** D-4 Manajemén silaturahmi ** D-4 Perbankan jeung Keuangan ** D-4 Tujuan Pariwisata ** D-4 Fisioterapi ** D-4 Radiological Imaging Téhnologi ** D-4 Kedokteran Tradisional * '''Fakultas Téknologi Canggih sareng Multidisiplinér (FTMM)''' ** S-1 Téhnologi Élmu Data ** Gelar Sarjana dina Robotika sareng Téknik Kecerdasan Buatan ** S-1 Téhnologi Industri ** S-1 Téknis Listrik ** Sarjana Élmu di Téknik Nanotéhnologi * '''Program Pascasarjana''' ** Masters dina Élmu Forensik ** Masters dina Studi Élmu Pulisi ** S-2 Studi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HAKI) ** Masters dina Pangwangunan Sumber Daya Manusa ** S-2 Élmu Hukum sareng Pangembangan (MSHP) ** Masters dina Imunologi ** Masters dina Manajemén Bencana ** Gelar Doktor dina Pangwangunan Sumber Daya Manusia * '''Sakola Kaséhatan jeung Élmu Pengetahuan Alam (SIKIA)''' ** Sarjana Kaséhatan Umum ** Sarjana Kedokteran Hewan ** S-1 Budidaya == Sumberdaya == SDM di Universitas Airlangga diwangun ku staf akademik jeung tenaga kependidikan. Staf akademik diwangun ku 1522 staf akademik tetep, kalawan rinci 1472 urang boga status Pagawé Sipil (PNS) jeung 49 urang boga status Pagawé Non-PNS. Aya 223 staf akademik nonpermanén anu statusna dosén luar biasa jeung 113 dosén anu statusna honorer. Rekapitulasi jumlah staf akademik tetap dumasar kana pendidikan nyaéta kieu: * Aya 156 staf akademik anu atikan sarjana (S-1). * Staf akademik tingkat pendidikan master (S-2) & spesialis 1 (Sp-1) aya 885 urang. * Aya 481 staf akademik anu atikan tingkat doktor (S-3). Jumlah tenaga kependidikan dina taun 2002 diwangun ku 1129 urang nu statusna PNS, 7 urang nu berstatus tetap non PNS, jeung 866 urang nu status honorer. Rekapitulasi jumlah tenaga kependidikan dumasar kana pendidikan nyaéta kieu: * Aya 43 tenaga kependidikan anu ngagaduhan pendidikan magister (S-2). * Aya 591 tenaga kependidikan anu atikan sarjana (S-1). * Aya 32 tenaga kependidikan kalawan sarjana (S-1) atikan profésional * Aya 326 staf akademik sareng tingkat pendidikan diploma * Aya 825 staf akademik anu atikan SMA (SMA). * Aya 181 tenaga akademik anu jenjang pendidikanna kurang ti SMA (SMP jeung SD). == Kagiatan administrasi == Kagiatan administrasi Universitas Airlangga (Unair) dipuseurkeun di Kantor Pengelolaan Universitas Airlangga anu perenahna di Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya. == Sarana == * Masjid Ulul Azmi (Kampus C) * Masjid Nuruzzaman (Kampus B) * Asrama Siswa Lalaki jeung Katresna * Perpustakaan Kampus * Airlangga Convention Center (ACC) * Menara Airlangga Syariah and Entrepreneurship Education Center (ASEEC). * Unair Flash Beus * fasilitas ATM * Puseur Mahasiswa * Koperasi Mahasiswa (Kopma) * Poliklinik * Tasik Cinta Airlangga * Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga * Unair Pangajaran Rumah Sakit Pangajaran sarta Palatihan Atikan * Rumah Sakit Gigi sareng Lisan Unair * Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga pikeun Panyakit Inféksi Tropis * taman & Dahareun Center * 24 jam Wi-Fi di jero kampus Unair * Pusat Bahasa Unair (di Gedong ASEEC) * Amfiteater (Kampus B) * Airlangga Guest House * Widang : *# Lapangan baskét *# Lapangan futsal *# pangadilan ténis == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == * {{id}} {{resmi|http://www.unair.ac.id}} * {{youtube|D5kg0G_IzDA}} * {{id}} [http://infounair.com/ Info Unair] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328193452/http://www.infounair.com/ |date=2015-03-28 }} * {{id}} [http://news.okezone.com/read/2015/05/30/65/1157640/profesor-nasih-terpilih-jadi-rektor-unair] {{PTN di Indonesia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Airlangga}} [[Kategori:Paguron luhur nagri di Indonésia]] {{Indo-perti-stub}} bkqeifak2oji48e44kmg11eppnurcod 0 100036 730036 652393 2026-10-09T00:14:33Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mupusan paraméter nu teu dipikanyaho dina kotak info 730036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox Universitas |name = Universitas Negeri Surabaya |caption = |motto = ''Growing with Character'' |established = [[19 Désémber]] [[1964]] |type = [[Universitas negeri|Negeri]] |students = 28.082 (2015) |city = [[Surabaya]] |country = {{flag|Indonesia}} |coord = {{Coord|-7.3137503|112.7269365|type:edu|display=inline,title}} |campus = Kampus Lidah Wetan dan Kampus Ketintang |former_names = Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Surabaya (IKIP Surabaya) |free_label = |free = |sports = |nickname = UNESA |affiliations = |logo =[[Gambar:growingwithcharacter.jpg|300px|Logo dan Motto Universitas Negeri Surabaya]] |footnotes = Motto Unesa |image_name =[[Gambar:Unesa.png|jmpl|Logo Unesa Terkini]] |rector = Prof. Dr. H. Nurhasan, M.Kes. |colors = Biru Dongker, Jingga <br /> {{colorbox|#00009F}} {{colorbox|#FF8C00}} |maskot = |nobel_laureates = |publictransit = |website = {{URL|https://www.unesa.ac.id}} }} '''Universitas Negeri Surabaya''' ('''Unesa''') mangrupa [[paguron luhur]] di [[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]], [[Indonesia]], anu diadegkeun dina [[19 Désémber]] [[1964]]. Dina awal panongton, Unesa disebat '''Institut Keguruan jeung Ilmu Pendidikan Surabaya (IKIP Surabaya)'''. Dumasar kana Kaputusan Présidén No. 93 taun 1999, IKIP Surabaya dirobih janten '''Universitas Negeri Surabaya'''. Saluyu sareng kaputusan pertemuan senat tanggal 12 Oktober 1998, anu nyatujuan yén nami IKIP Surabaya dina post-konversi nyaéta Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Ayeuna Unesa gaduh 7 fakultas; 4 fakultas aya di kompleks Kampus Ketintang: Fakultas Teknik, Fakultas Ékonomi, Fakultas Matématika sareng Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, sareng Fakultas Élmu Sosial. Sedengkeun 3 fakultas anu aya di komplek Lidah Wetan Kampus: Fakultas Ilmu Olahraga, Fakultas Pendidikan ogé Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni. Rektor Unesa ayeuna ieu [[Nurhasan|Prof. Dr. Nurhasan, M.Kes.]] Samentara éta, motto anu ngabimbing lembaga tersiér nyaéta '''''"Growing with Character".''''' == Tumbu luar == * {{Official|http://www.unesa.ac.id/}} * [http://fbs.unesa.ac.id/ FBS Unesa] * [http://fip.unesa.ac.id/ FIP Unesa] * [http://fik.unesa.ac.id/ FIK Unesa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713012608/http://fik.unesa.ac.id/ |date=2020-07-13 }} * [http://pasca.unesa.ac.id/ Pascasarjana Unesa] * [http://daerah.sindonews.com/read/1013638/151/buku-50-tokoh-inspiratif-alumni-unesa-jangan-jadi-gaung-1434513747 Sindo News. Diakses 26 April 2016] * foto gedung PPPG Unesa: [http://www.panoramio.com/photo/106716364 www.panoramio.com] * foto Display Rektorat Unesa; [http://pusinfounesa.blogspot.com/2013/09/unesa-peringkat-2-dunia-bidang-opened.html pusinfounesa.blogspot.com] {{PTN di Indonesia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Surabaya}} [[Kategori:Paguron luhur nagri di Indonésia]] {{Indo-perti-stub}} c5dczqlsq4trvorkl976tv8g5d5gmkl 0 100439 730032 654904 2026-10-08T19:08:48Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730032 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tari Moriringgo''' nyaéta salah sahiji seni tari tradisional anu asalna ti [[Sulawesi Kidul]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sritimuryati|first=|year=2019|title=Perkembangan Tari Moriringgo di Kabupaten Luwu Timur: Kajian Historiografi Tarian Tradisional|url=https://jurnalwalasuji.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/walasuji/issue/view/2|journal=Jurnal Walasuji|volume=10|issue=1|pages=26|issn=2502-2229}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017223102/https://jurnalwalasuji.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/walasuji/issue/view/2 |date=2020-10-17 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://portalsulawesi.com/seribu-pewong-meriahkan-pesta-panen-padungku-di-desa-manurung-malili/|title=Seribu “Pewong” Meriahkan Pesta Panen Padungku di Desa Manurung, Malili|last=Portal Sulawesi|first=|date=26 Juni 2018|website=Portal Sulawesi|access-date=26 Mei 2020}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vale.com/indonesia/EN/press/publication/Documents/Welcome-to-Sorowako-2015.pdf|title=Melihat Jejak Peradaban Lama di Desa Matano|last=Alamsyah|first=Nala Dipa|date=2015|website=Sorowako|access-date=29 Juni 2020}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629191114/http://www.vale.com/indonesia/EN/press/publication/Documents/Welcome-to-Sorowako-2015.pdf |date=2020-06-29 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://tegas.co/2018/06/26/pesta-panen-padungku-di-desa-manurung-malili-kabupaten-luwu-timur/|title=Pesta Panen Padungku di Desa Manurung, Malili – Kabupaten Luwu Timur|last=Mas'ud|first=|date=26 Juni 2016|website=Tegas|access-date=26 Mei 2020|accessdate=2020-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027123811/http://tegas.co/2018/06/26/pesta-panen-padungku-di-desa-manurung-malili-kabupaten-luwu-timur/|archivedate=2022-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.rakyatku.com/read/26858/2016/11/05/pasitabe-cup-ii-dibuka-dengan-nuansa-adat|title=Pasitabe Cup II Dibuka Dengan Nuansa Adat|last=Abdul Karim|first=Sulaiman|date=05 November 2016|website=Rakyatku News|access-date=26 Mei 2020}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lestari|first=Rizky|last2=Jamilah|last3=Solihing|year=2019|title=Kajian Tari Moriringgo Pada Acara Penyambutan Tamu Pemerintahan di Kabupaten Luwu Timur|journal=Jurnal Pakarena|volume=4|issue=2|pages=19|doi=|issn=2714-6081}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bonepos.com/2018/06/26/begini-kemeriahan-pesta-panen-padungku-di-malili-luwu-timur|title=Begini Kemeriahan Pesta Panen Padungku di Malili Luwu Timur|last=Siara|first=Asran|date=26 Juni 2018|website=Bone Pos|access-date=26 Mei 2020}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://makassar.antaranews.com/foto/88438/tari-moriringgo|title=Tari Moriringgo|last=Antara News|first=|date=3 Mei 2011|website=Antara News|access-date=26 Mei 2020}}</ref> == Referensi == [[Kategori:Budaya]] [[Kategori:Sulawesi Kidul]] 9clnopu6s2zoaftu3ijjg22yqkitjbv 0 104925 730025 664952 2026-10-08T17:10:38Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 730025 wikitext text/x-wiki Lauk selar konéng mangrupikeun komoditas lauk anu ngagaduhan nilai ékonomis penting di laut [[Selat Sunda|Sélat Sunda]]. Lauk selar konéng salianti dimanfaatkeun ku nelayan di [[Kabupatén Pangandaran|Kabupaten Pangandaran]] jang dijadikeun lauk pindang, lauk asin, lauk beuleum, ogé didagangkeun dina ka aya'an seger tawa beku. Seueurna paminat lauk selar konéng hnteu saimbang sareng produksina di alam.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Anjani|first=Fitra Dwi|last2=Adi|first2=Wahyu|last3=Utami|first3=Eva|date=2018-11-15|title=ASPEK REPRODUKSI IKAN SELAR KUNING (Selaroides leptolepis) YANG DIDARATKAN DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN NUSANTARA SUNGAILIAT|url=https://journal.ubb.ac.id/akuatik/article/view/698|journal=Akuatik: Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan|language=id|volume=12|issue=2|pages=26–34|issn=2656-5498|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203050058/https://journal.ubb.ac.id/akuatik/article/view/698|archive-date=2024-02-03|accessdate=2024-02-03}}</ref> [[Gambar:Kerisi at Giant Hypermarket Kota Damansara 20230203 105358.jpg|jmpl|nir]] == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Lauk laut]] a9ioaz6r9d91mevjj2ulx00kwfy1jjw 828 109146 730027 729976 2026-10-08T18:05:02Z Rafka Aditia 29183 730027 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< T E M P L A T E S _ T >-------------------------------------------------------- ]] local templates_t = { lang = 'Lang', langx = 'Langx', langxx = 'Lang-xx', transliteration = 'Transliterasi', } --[[--------------------------< K N O W N _ P A R A M S >------------------------------------------------------ lists of all parameters known to {{lang}}, {{langx}}, {{lang-xx}} templates. Exception: |fn= is known to {{lang}} but is not a 'lang' template; that parameter causes the module to call the specified lang(), lang_xx_inherit(), or lang_xx_italic() function. These separate functions set |fn= to nill and then do the known-param checking on the other template parameters ]] local known_params_t = { ['common_params_all_t'] = { -- these parameters common to {{lang}}, {{langx}}, and {{lang-xx}} ['code'] = true, ['text'] = true, ['rtl'] = true, ['italic'] = true, ['italics'] = true, ['i'] = true, ['size'] = true, ['proto'] = true, ['nocat'] = true, ['cat'] = true, ['template'] = true, -- supplied by external templates to provide template name for error messaging ({{nihongo}}, etc) }, ['params_lang_t'] = { -- unique to {{lang}} [1] = true, -- alias of |code= [2] = true, -- alias of |text= }, ['params_x_t'] = { -- common to {{langx}} and {{lang-xx}} ['translit'] = true, ['translit-std'] = true, ['translit-script'] = true, ['translation'] = true, ['lit='] = true, ['label'] = true, ['link'] = true, ['links'] = true, ['lit'] = true, ['engvar'] = true, }, ['params_langx_t'] = { -- unique to {{langx}} [1] = true, -- alias of |code= [2] = true, -- alias of |text= [3] = true, -- alias of |translit= [4] = true, -- alias of |translation= }, ['params_lang_xx_t'] = { -- unique to {{lang-xx}} [1] = true, -- alias of |text= [2] = true, -- alias of |translit= [3] = true, -- alias of |translation= ['script'] = true, -- these needed to override default params in {{lang-??}} templates ['region'] = true, ['variant'] = true, }, } --[[--------------------------< E N G _ V A R >---------------------------------------------------------------- Used at en.wiki so that spelling of 'romanized' (US, default) can be changed to 'romanised' to match the envar specified by a {{Use xxx English}}. Not likely useful outside of en.wiki This is accomplished by setting |engvar=gb; can, should be omitted in articles that use American English; no need for the clutter. ]] local engvar_sel_t = { -- select either UK English or US English ['au'] = 'gb_t', -- these match IANA region codes (except in lower case) ['ca'] = 'us_t', ['gb'] = 'gb_t', ['ie'] = 'gb_t', ['in'] = 'gb_t', ['nz'] = 'gb_t', ['us'] = 'us_t', -- default engvar ['za'] = 'gb_t' }; local engvar_t = { ['gb_t'] = { ['romanisz_lc'] = 'romanisation', -- lower case ['romanisz_uc'] = 'Romanisation', -- upper case; unused can be deleted ['romanisz_pt'] = 'romanised', -- past tense }, ['us_t'] = { -- default engvar ['romanisz_lc'] = 'romanization', -- lower case ['romanisz_uc'] = 'Romanization', -- upper case; unused can be deleted ['romanisz_pt'] = 'romanized', -- past tense } } local default_engvar = 'us_t'; --[[ =============================<< M E S S A G I N G T A B L E S >>============================================= these tables are for internationalization. Messages or fragments thereof are mostly grouped by function name. Some messages are shared by functions other than the function table that lists the message or fragment. ]] --[[--------------------------< K E Y W O R D S _ T >---------------------------------------------------------- ]] local keywords_t = { ['affirmative'] = 'yes', ['negative'] = 'no', ['unset'] = 'unset', ['invert'] = 'invert', ['default'] = 'default', } --[[--------------------------< M I S C _ T E X T _ T >-------------------------------------------------------- ]] local misc_text_t = { ['error'] = 'Error', -- make_error_msg(), tag_from_name() ['language'] = 'basa', -- make_translit(), lang_xx(), name_from_tag() ['help'] = 'help', } --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G _ T >---------------------------------------------- ]] local make_error_msg_t = { ['xlit_err_cat'] = 'Kasalahan citakan transliterasi', ['lang_err_cat'] = 'Kasalahan citakan lang jeung lang-xx', ['undefined'] = 'teu dijelaskeun', } --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C _ T >-------------------------------------------- ]] local parameter_validate_t = { ['invalid_param'] = 'paraméter teu sah: &#124;$1=', -- $1 is parameter name } --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C _ T >-------------------------------------------- ]] local validate_italic_t = { ['multi_italic'] = 'only one of &#124;italic=, &#124;italics=, or &#124;i= can be specified', } --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ T E X T _ T >------------------------------------------------ ]] local validate_text_t = { ['no_text'] = 'no text', ['malformed_markup'] = 'text has malformed markup', ['italic_markup'] = 'text has italic markup', } --[[--------------------------< T E X T _ S C R I P T _ M A T C H _ T E S T _ T >------------------------------ ]] local text_script_match_test_t = { ['latn_txt_mismatch'] = 'Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch', ['latn_scr_mismatch'] = 'Non-latn text (pos $1: $2)/Latn script subtag mismatch', -- $1 identifies offending character's position; $2 is the character } --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ T >------------------------------------------------------------------ ]] local lang_t = { ['conflict_n_param'] = 'conflicting: {{{$1}}} and &#124;$2=', -- $1 is positional param number, $2 is named param; shared with _lang_xx() ['conflict_n_param_types'] = { ['code'] = 'code', ['text'] = 'text', ['translit'] = 'translit', }, ['invalid_proto'] = 'invalid &#124;proto=: $1', -- _lang_xx also emits this message } --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ T >------------------------------------------------------------ ]] local lang_xx_t = { ['conflict_n_lit'] = 'conflicting: {{{$1}}} and &#124;lit= or &#124;translation=', -- $1 is positional parameter; can be either 3 ({{lang-??}}) or 4 ({{langx}}) ['conflict_lit'] = 'conflicting: &#124;lit= and &#124;translation=', ['conflict_link'] = 'conflicting: &#124;links= and &#124;link=', ['invalid_xlit_std'] = 'invalid translit-std', ['romanization'] = 'Romanization of', ['translit_nonlatn'] = 'transliteration text not Latin script (pos $1: $2)', -- _xlit() also emits this message; $1 identifies offending character's position; $2 is the character ['xlit_of_latn'] = 'transliteration of latn script', } --[[--------------------------< T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E _ T >------------------------------------------------ ]] local tag_from_name_t = { ['lang_not_found'] = 'basa: $1 teu kapendak', -- $1 is language name parameter value ['missing_lang_name'] = 'ngaran basa leungit', } --[[--------------------------< T R A N S L _ T >-------------------------------------------------------------- ]] local transl_t = { ['unrecog_xlit_std'] = 'unrecognized transliteration standard: $1', -- $1 is |translit_std- parameter value ['no_text'] = 'no text', ['missing_lang_scr'] = 'missing language / script code', ['unrecog_lang_scr'] = 'unrecognized language / script code: $1', -- $1 is the language/script code } --[[--------------------------< G E T _ I E T F _ P A R T S _ T >---------------------------------------------- ]] local get_ietf_parts_t = { ['maint_promo_cat'] = 'Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1|$1', -- $1 is ISO 639-2/3 subtag ['maint_promo_msg'] = 'code: $1 promoted to code: $2', -- $1 is ISO 639-2/3 subtag, $2 is synonymous ISO 639-1 subtag ['missing_lang_tag'] = 'missing language tag', -- also used in _langx() ['redundant_scr'] = 'redundant script tag', ['redundant_reg'] = 'redundant region tag', ['redundant_var'] = 'redundant variant tag', ['unrecog_tag'] = 'unrecognized language tag: $1', -- $1 is the whole language tag ['unrecog_code'] = 'unrecognized language code: $1', -- $1 is code ['unrecog_reg_code'] = 'unrecognized region: $1 for code: $2', -- $1 is region, $2 is code ['unrecog_scr_code'] = 'unrecognized script: $1 for code: $2', -- $1 is script, $2 is code ['script_code'] = 'script: $1 not supported for code: $2', -- $1 is script, $2 is code ['unrecog_var'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1', -- $1 is variant ['unrecog_var_code'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1 for code: $2', -- $1 is variant, $2 is code ['unrecog_var_code_scr'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1 for code-script pair: $2-$3', -- $1 is variant, $2 is code, $3 is script ['unrecog_var_code_reg'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1 for code-region pair: $2-$3', -- $1 is variant, $2 is code, $3 is region ['unrecog_pri'] = 'unrecognized private tag: $1', -- $1 is private tag } --[[--------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ N A M E _ G E T _ T >---------------------------------------- ]] local language_name_get_t = { ['deprecated_cat'] = 'Lang and langx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|$1', -- $1 is deprecated ISO 639 subtag ['deprecated_msg'] = 'code: $1 is deprecated', -- $1 is deprecated ISO 639 subtag } --[[--------------------------< H T M L _ T I T L E _ T E X T _ T >-------------------------------------------- ]] local make_text_html_t = { ['zxx'] = 'text', -- for zxx no linguistic content ['collective'] = 'collective text', -- for collective languages ['individual'] = 'language text', -- for individual languages } --[[--------------------------< T R A N S L A T I O N _ M A K E _ T >------------------------------------------ ]] local translation_make_t = { ['lit_xlation'] = 'Literal translation', -- article title fragment and HTML title attribute ['lit_abbr'] = 'lit.', } --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y _ T >------------------------------------------------ ]] local make_category_t = { ['collective_cat'] = 'Kategori:Artikel kalawan téks dina', -- for collective languages ['cat_prefix'] = 'Kategori:Artikel nu ngandung téks', -- prefix for explicitly cited and individual languages ['explicit_cat'] = 'nu dikutip sacara éksplisit', -- for explicitly citing this wiki's language ['cat_postfix'] = 'language text', -- postfix for individual languages } --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T R A N S L I T _ T >------------------------------------------------ ]] local make_translit_t = { ['script'] = 'aksara', ['transliteration'] = 'transliterasi', } --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >---------------------------------------------------------------- ]] return { known_params_t = known_params_t, templates_t = templates_t, default_engvar = default_engvar, -- engvar support not likely useful outside of en.wiki engvar_t = engvar_t, engvar_sel_t = engvar_sel_t, get_ietf_parts_t = get_ietf_parts_t, -- messaging tables keywords_t = keywords_t, lang_t = lang_t, lang_xx_t = lang_xx_t, language_name_get_t = language_name_get_t, make_category_t = make_category_t, make_error_msg_t = make_error_msg_t, make_text_html_t = make_text_html_t, make_translit_t = make_translit_t, misc_text_t = misc_text_t, parameter_validate_t = parameter_validate_t, tag_from_name_t = tag_from_name_t, text_script_match_test_t = text_script_match_test_t, transl_t = transl_t, translation_make_t = translation_make_t, validate_italic_t = validate_italic_t, validate_text_t = validate_text_t, } 1efqbyj62xbo3wy97b2lx4bzt8y3g3p 730028 730027 2026-10-08T18:06:44Z Rafka Aditia 29183 730028 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< T E M P L A T E S _ T >-------------------------------------------------------- ]] local templates_t = { lang = 'Lang', langx = 'Langx', langxx = 'Lang-xx', transliteration = 'Transliterasi', } --[[--------------------------< K N O W N _ P A R A M S >------------------------------------------------------ lists of all parameters known to {{lang}}, {{langx}}, {{lang-xx}} templates. Exception: |fn= is known to {{lang}} but is not a 'lang' template; that parameter causes the module to call the specified lang(), lang_xx_inherit(), or lang_xx_italic() function. These separate functions set |fn= to nill and then do the known-param checking on the other template parameters ]] local known_params_t = { ['common_params_all_t'] = { -- these parameters common to {{lang}}, {{langx}}, and {{lang-xx}} ['code'] = true, ['text'] = true, ['rtl'] = true, ['italic'] = true, ['italics'] = true, ['i'] = true, ['size'] = true, ['proto'] = true, ['nocat'] = true, ['cat'] = true, ['template'] = true, -- supplied by external templates to provide template name for error messaging ({{nihongo}}, etc) }, ['params_lang_t'] = { -- unique to {{lang}} [1] = true, -- alias of |code= [2] = true, -- alias of |text= }, ['params_x_t'] = { -- common to {{langx}} and {{lang-xx}} ['translit'] = true, ['translit-std'] = true, ['translit-script'] = true, ['translation'] = true, ['lit='] = true, ['label'] = true, ['link'] = true, ['links'] = true, ['lit'] = true, ['engvar'] = true, }, ['params_langx_t'] = { -- unique to {{langx}} [1] = true, -- alias of |code= [2] = true, -- alias of |text= [3] = true, -- alias of |translit= [4] = true, -- alias of |translation= }, ['params_lang_xx_t'] = { -- unique to {{lang-xx}} [1] = true, -- alias of |text= [2] = true, -- alias of |translit= [3] = true, -- alias of |translation= ['script'] = true, -- these needed to override default params in {{lang-??}} templates ['region'] = true, ['variant'] = true, }, } --[[--------------------------< E N G _ V A R >---------------------------------------------------------------- Used at en.wiki so that spelling of 'romanized' (US, default) can be changed to 'romanised' to match the envar specified by a {{Use xxx English}}. Not likely useful outside of en.wiki This is accomplished by setting |engvar=gb; can, should be omitted in articles that use American English; no need for the clutter. ]] local engvar_sel_t = { -- select either UK English or US English ['au'] = 'gb_t', -- these match IANA region codes (except in lower case) ['ca'] = 'us_t', ['gb'] = 'gb_t', ['ie'] = 'gb_t', ['in'] = 'gb_t', ['nz'] = 'gb_t', ['us'] = 'us_t', -- default engvar ['za'] = 'gb_t' }; local engvar_t = { ['gb_t'] = { ['romanisz_lc'] = 'romanisation', -- lower case ['romanisz_uc'] = 'Romanisation', -- upper case; unused can be deleted ['romanisz_pt'] = 'romanised', -- past tense }, ['us_t'] = { -- default engvar ['romanisz_lc'] = 'romanization', -- lower case ['romanisz_uc'] = 'Romanization', -- upper case; unused can be deleted ['romanisz_pt'] = 'romanized', -- past tense } } local default_engvar = 'us_t'; --[[ =============================<< M E S S A G I N G T A B L E S >>============================================= these tables are for internationalization. Messages or fragments thereof are mostly grouped by function name. Some messages are shared by functions other than the function table that lists the message or fragment. ]] --[[--------------------------< K E Y W O R D S _ T >---------------------------------------------------------- ]] local keywords_t = { ['affirmative'] = 'yes', ['negative'] = 'no', ['unset'] = 'unset', ['invert'] = 'invert', ['default'] = 'default', } --[[--------------------------< M I S C _ T E X T _ T >-------------------------------------------------------- ]] local misc_text_t = { ['error'] = 'Kasalahan', -- make_error_msg(), tag_from_name() ['language'] = 'basa', -- make_translit(), lang_xx(), name_from_tag() ['help'] = 'pitulung', } --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G _ T >---------------------------------------------- ]] local make_error_msg_t = { ['xlit_err_cat'] = 'Kasalahan citakan transliterasi', ['lang_err_cat'] = 'Kasalahan citakan lang jeung lang-xx', ['undefined'] = 'teu dijelaskeun', } --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C _ T >-------------------------------------------- ]] local parameter_validate_t = { ['invalid_param'] = 'paraméter teu sah: &#124;$1=', -- $1 is parameter name } --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C _ T >-------------------------------------------- ]] local validate_italic_t = { ['multi_italic'] = 'only one of &#124;italic=, &#124;italics=, or &#124;i= can be specified', } --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ T E X T _ T >------------------------------------------------ ]] local validate_text_t = { ['no_text'] = 'no text', ['malformed_markup'] = 'text has malformed markup', ['italic_markup'] = 'text has italic markup', } --[[--------------------------< T E X T _ S C R I P T _ M A T C H _ T E S T _ T >------------------------------ ]] local text_script_match_test_t = { ['latn_txt_mismatch'] = 'Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch', ['latn_scr_mismatch'] = 'Non-latn text (pos $1: $2)/Latn script subtag mismatch', -- $1 identifies offending character's position; $2 is the character } --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ T >------------------------------------------------------------------ ]] local lang_t = { ['conflict_n_param'] = 'conflicting: {{{$1}}} and &#124;$2=', -- $1 is positional param number, $2 is named param; shared with _lang_xx() ['conflict_n_param_types'] = { ['code'] = 'code', ['text'] = 'text', ['translit'] = 'translit', }, ['invalid_proto'] = 'invalid &#124;proto=: $1', -- _lang_xx also emits this message } --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ T >------------------------------------------------------------ ]] local lang_xx_t = { ['conflict_n_lit'] = 'conflicting: {{{$1}}} and &#124;lit= or &#124;translation=', -- $1 is positional parameter; can be either 3 ({{lang-??}}) or 4 ({{langx}}) ['conflict_lit'] = 'conflicting: &#124;lit= and &#124;translation=', ['conflict_link'] = 'conflicting: &#124;links= and &#124;link=', ['invalid_xlit_std'] = 'invalid translit-std', ['romanization'] = 'Romanization of', ['translit_nonlatn'] = 'transliteration text not Latin script (pos $1: $2)', -- _xlit() also emits this message; $1 identifies offending character's position; $2 is the character ['xlit_of_latn'] = 'transliteration of latn script', } --[[--------------------------< T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E _ T >------------------------------------------------ ]] local tag_from_name_t = { ['lang_not_found'] = 'basa: $1 teu kapendak', -- $1 is language name parameter value ['missing_lang_name'] = 'ngaran basa leungit', } --[[--------------------------< T R A N S L _ T >-------------------------------------------------------------- ]] local transl_t = { ['unrecog_xlit_std'] = 'unrecognized transliteration standard: $1', -- $1 is |translit_std- parameter value ['no_text'] = 'no text', ['missing_lang_scr'] = 'missing language / script code', ['unrecog_lang_scr'] = 'unrecognized language / script code: $1', -- $1 is the language/script code } --[[--------------------------< G E T _ I E T F _ P A R T S _ T >---------------------------------------------- ]] local get_ietf_parts_t = { ['maint_promo_cat'] = 'Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1|$1', -- $1 is ISO 639-2/3 subtag ['maint_promo_msg'] = 'code: $1 promoted to code: $2', -- $1 is ISO 639-2/3 subtag, $2 is synonymous ISO 639-1 subtag ['missing_lang_tag'] = 'missing language tag', -- also used in _langx() ['redundant_scr'] = 'redundant script tag', ['redundant_reg'] = 'redundant region tag', ['redundant_var'] = 'redundant variant tag', ['unrecog_tag'] = 'unrecognized language tag: $1', -- $1 is the whole language tag ['unrecog_code'] = 'unrecognized language code: $1', -- $1 is code ['unrecog_reg_code'] = 'unrecognized region: $1 for code: $2', -- $1 is region, $2 is code ['unrecog_scr_code'] = 'unrecognized script: $1 for code: $2', -- $1 is script, $2 is code ['script_code'] = 'script: $1 not supported for code: $2', -- $1 is script, $2 is code ['unrecog_var'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1', -- $1 is variant ['unrecog_var_code'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1 for code: $2', -- $1 is variant, $2 is code ['unrecog_var_code_scr'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1 for code-script pair: $2-$3', -- $1 is variant, $2 is code, $3 is script ['unrecog_var_code_reg'] = 'unrecognized variant: $1 for code-region pair: $2-$3', -- $1 is variant, $2 is code, $3 is region ['unrecog_pri'] = 'unrecognized private tag: $1', -- $1 is private tag } --[[--------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ N A M E _ G E T _ T >---------------------------------------- ]] local language_name_get_t = { ['deprecated_cat'] = 'Lang and langx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|$1', -- $1 is deprecated ISO 639 subtag ['deprecated_msg'] = 'code: $1 is deprecated', -- $1 is deprecated ISO 639 subtag } --[[--------------------------< H T M L _ T I T L E _ T E X T _ T >-------------------------------------------- ]] local make_text_html_t = { ['zxx'] = 'text', -- for zxx no linguistic content ['collective'] = 'collective text', -- for collective languages ['individual'] = 'language text', -- for individual languages } --[[--------------------------< T R A N S L A T I O N _ M A K E _ T >------------------------------------------ ]] local translation_make_t = { ['lit_xlation'] = 'Literal translation', -- article title fragment and HTML title attribute ['lit_abbr'] = 'lit.', } --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y _ T >------------------------------------------------ ]] local make_category_t = { ['collective_cat'] = 'Kategori:Artikel kalawan téks dina', -- for collective languages ['cat_prefix'] = 'Kategori:Artikel nu ngandung téks', -- prefix for explicitly cited and individual languages ['explicit_cat'] = 'nu dikutip sacara éksplisit', -- for explicitly citing this wiki's language ['cat_postfix'] = 'language text', -- postfix for individual languages } --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T R A N S L I T _ T >------------------------------------------------ ]] local make_translit_t = { ['script'] = 'aksara', ['transliteration'] = 'transliterasi', } --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >---------------------------------------------------------------- ]] return { known_params_t = known_params_t, templates_t = templates_t, default_engvar = default_engvar, -- engvar support not likely useful outside of en.wiki engvar_t = engvar_t, engvar_sel_t = engvar_sel_t, get_ietf_parts_t = get_ietf_parts_t, -- messaging tables keywords_t = keywords_t, lang_t = lang_t, lang_xx_t = lang_xx_t, language_name_get_t = language_name_get_t, make_category_t = make_category_t, make_error_msg_t = make_error_msg_t, make_text_html_t = make_text_html_t, make_translit_t = make_translit_t, misc_text_t = misc_text_t, parameter_validate_t = parameter_validate_t, tag_from_name_t = tag_from_name_t, text_script_match_test_t = text_script_match_test_t, transl_t = transl_t, translation_make_t = translation_make_t, validate_italic_t = validate_italic_t, validate_text_t = validate_text_t, } iz4bz72463idhd2z4c134fvybaqtoqx 0 109150 730014 2026-10-08T15:22:26Z Oceanmuse 22609 Nyieun kaca anyar Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana. Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi. Numutkeun kapercayaan masara... 730014 wikitext text/x-wiki Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana. Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi. Numutkeun kapercayaan masarakat satempat, Batu Sumanti dianggap minangka batu anu dikeramatkeun sarta dipercaya ngalaman parobahan ukuran ti mangsa ka mangsa. Dina waktu-waktu nu tangtu, situs ieu didatangan ku para peziarah ti jero jeung luar wewengkon. Dina kagiatan ritual, para peziarah bisa mawa sasajén anu disimpen dina batu pipih. a4ffcu1q3jd25ih3jgnms088iens8wh 730015 730014 2026-10-08T15:23:21Z Oceanmuse 22609 730015 wikitext text/x-wiki Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lasut|first=Tommy A.|date=2014-11-03|title=Cerita batu keramat 'Watu Sumanti' di Manado|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/read/6772917/cerita-batu-keramat-watu-sumanti-di-manado|website=merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi. Numutkeun kapercayaan masarakat satempat, Batu Sumanti dianggap minangka batu anu dikeramatkeun sarta dipercaya ngalaman parobahan ukuran ti mangsa ka mangsa. Dina waktu-waktu nu tangtu, situs ieu didatangan ku para peziarah ti jero jeung luar wewengkon. Dina kagiatan ritual, para peziarah bisa mawa sasajén anu disimpen dina batu pipih. eqedkejtwdp0aewalevqrc7vtvc8l8o 730016 730015 2026-10-08T15:23:42Z Oceanmuse 22609 730016 wikitext text/x-wiki Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lasut|first=Tommy A.|date=2014-11-03|title=Cerita batu keramat 'Watu Sumanti' di Manado|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/read/6772917/cerita-batu-keramat-watu-sumanti-di-manado|website=merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Polii|first=Richard|date=2015-03-03|title=Benarkah Kota Manado Berasal Dari Batu Suci, Ini Ceritanya (II) {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/benarkah-kota-manado-berasal-dari-batu-suci-ini-ceritanya-ii/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun kapercayaan masarakat satempat, Batu Sumanti dianggap minangka batu anu dikeramatkeun sarta dipercaya ngalaman parobahan ukuran ti mangsa ka mangsa. Dina waktu-waktu nu tangtu, situs ieu didatangan ku para peziarah ti jero jeung luar wewengkon. Dina kagiatan ritual, para peziarah bisa mawa sasajén anu disimpen dina batu pipih. ewucjk4k0v2mjy70fl2dl55j0soual6 730017 730016 2026-10-08T15:23:57Z Oceanmuse 22609 730017 wikitext text/x-wiki Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lasut|first=Tommy A.|date=2014-11-03|title=Cerita batu keramat 'Watu Sumanti' di Manado|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/read/6772917/cerita-batu-keramat-watu-sumanti-di-manado|website=merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Polii|first=Richard|date=2015-03-03|title=Benarkah Kota Manado Berasal Dari Batu Suci, Ini Ceritanya (II) {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/benarkah-kota-manado-berasal-dari-batu-suci-ini-ceritanya-ii/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun kapercayaan masarakat satempat, Batu Sumanti dianggap minangka batu anu dikeramatkeun sarta dipercaya ngalaman parobahan ukuran ti mangsa ka mangsa. Dina waktu-waktu nu tangtu, situs ieu didatangan ku para peziarah ti jero jeung luar wewengkon. Dina kagiatan ritual, para peziarah bisa mawa sasajén anu disimpen dina batu pipih.<ref name=":1" /> 4z3gb8roayrpqwuxq5y9ei0ltjhzspp 730018 730017 2026-10-08T15:24:12Z Oceanmuse 22609 730018 wikitext text/x-wiki Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lasut|first=Tommy A.|date=2014-11-03|title=Cerita batu keramat 'Watu Sumanti' di Manado|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/read/6772917/cerita-batu-keramat-watu-sumanti-di-manado|website=merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Polii|first=Richard|date=2015-03-03|title=Benarkah Kota Manado Berasal Dari Batu Suci, Ini Ceritanya (II) {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/benarkah-kota-manado-berasal-dari-batu-suci-ini-ceritanya-ii/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun kapercayaan masarakat satempat, Batu Sumanti dianggap minangka batu anu dikeramatkeun sarta dipercaya ngalaman parobahan ukuran ti mangsa ka mangsa. Dina waktu-waktu nu tangtu, situs ieu didatangan ku para peziarah ti jero jeung luar wewengkon. Dina kagiatan ritual, para peziarah bisa mawa sasajén anu disimpen dina batu pipih.<ref name=":1" /> == Rujukan == 6mf2i9fx97ti2klh4b0rprro0psxz62 730019 730018 2026-10-08T15:25:06Z Oceanmuse 22609 730019 wikitext text/x-wiki Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lasut|first=Tommy A.|date=2014-11-03|title=Cerita batu keramat 'Watu Sumanti' di Manado|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/read/6772917/cerita-batu-keramat-watu-sumanti-di-manado|website=merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Polii|first=Richard|date=2015-03-03|title=Benarkah Kota Manado Berasal Dari Batu Suci, Ini Ceritanya (II) {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/benarkah-kota-manado-berasal-dari-batu-suci-ini-ceritanya-ii/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun kapercayaan masarakat satempat, Batu Sumanti dianggap minangka batu anu dikeramatkeun sarta dipercaya ngalaman parobahan ukuran ti mangsa ka mangsa. Dina waktu-waktu nu tangtu, situs ieu didatangan ku para peziarah ti jero jeung luar wewengkon. Dina kagiatan ritual, para peziarah bisa mawa sasajén anu disimpen dina batu pipih.<ref name=":1" /> Ngaran Batu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung istilah dina basa Minahasa, nyaéta watu anu hartina batu, santi anu hartina pedang, jeung sumanti anu ngarujuk kana kagiatan maénkeun pedang. Dumasar kana tapsiran éta, Batu Sumanti dihartikeun minangka tempat pikeun maénkeun pedang. Dina mangsa saméméhna, situs ieu katelah Batu Pa'lalesan atawa Pa'lenasan, anu dihartikeun minangka batu tempat jarah atawa batu suci.<ref name=":3" /> Dina tradisi masarakat Minahasa, Batu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung ritual rumuru. Istilah rumuru asalna tina kecap ruru anu hartina sisi, ku kituna dimaknaan minangka tindakan nyingkirkeun atawa ngaluarkeun. Ritual éta patali jeung usaha pikeun ngusir atawa ngaluarkeun jalma anu dianggap boga maksud jahat, anu disebut tou lewo atawa reges lewo, sarta pikeun ngajaga wewengkon padumukan tina wabah panyakit anu disebut angin jahat.<ref name=":3" /> == Rujukan == eo3onlbb9frx9ugapaiu3k9hhxnd166 730020 730019 2026-10-08T15:25:29Z Oceanmuse 22609 730020 wikitext text/x-wiki Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lasut|first=Tommy A.|date=2014-11-03|title=Cerita batu keramat 'Watu Sumanti' di Manado|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/read/6772917/cerita-batu-keramat-watu-sumanti-di-manado|website=merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Polii|first=Richard|date=2015-03-03|title=Benarkah Kota Manado Berasal Dari Batu Suci, Ini Ceritanya (II) {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/benarkah-kota-manado-berasal-dari-batu-suci-ini-ceritanya-ii/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun kapercayaan masarakat satempat, Batu Sumanti dianggap minangka batu anu dikeramatkeun sarta dipercaya ngalaman parobahan ukuran ti mangsa ka mangsa. Dina waktu-waktu nu tangtu, situs ieu didatangan ku para peziarah ti jero jeung luar wewengkon. Dina kagiatan ritual, para peziarah bisa mawa sasajén anu disimpen dina batu pipih.<ref name=":1" /> == Makna == Ngaran Batu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung istilah dina basa Minahasa, nyaéta watu anu hartina batu, santi anu hartina pedang, jeung sumanti anu ngarujuk kana kagiatan maénkeun pedang. Dumasar kana tapsiran éta, Batu Sumanti dihartikeun minangka tempat pikeun maénkeun pedang. Dina mangsa saméméhna, situs ieu katelah Batu Pa'lalesan atawa Pa'lenasan, anu dihartikeun minangka batu tempat jarah atawa batu suci.<ref name=":3" /> Dina tradisi masarakat Minahasa, Batu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung ritual rumuru. Istilah rumuru asalna tina kecap ruru anu hartina sisi, ku kituna dimaknaan minangka tindakan nyingkirkeun atawa ngaluarkeun. Ritual éta patali jeung usaha pikeun ngusir atawa ngaluarkeun jalma anu dianggap boga maksud jahat, anu disebut tou lewo atawa reges lewo, sarta pikeun ngajaga wewengkon padumukan tina wabah panyakit anu disebut angin jahat.<ref name=":3" /> == Rujukan == ly93535jrgcl8sk5y5b0pmh5af2frak 730021 730020 2026-10-08T15:27:05Z Oceanmuse 22609 730021 wikitext text/x-wiki Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lasut|first=Tommy A.|date=2014-11-03|title=Cerita batu keramat 'Watu Sumanti' di Manado|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/read/6772917/cerita-batu-keramat-watu-sumanti-di-manado|website=merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Polii|first=Richard|date=2015-03-03|title=Benarkah Kota Manado Berasal Dari Batu Suci, Ini Ceritanya (II) {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/benarkah-kota-manado-berasal-dari-batu-suci-ini-ceritanya-ii/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun kapercayaan masarakat satempat, Batu Sumanti dianggap minangka batu anu dikeramatkeun sarta dipercaya ngalaman parobahan ukuran ti mangsa ka mangsa. Dina waktu-waktu nu tangtu, situs ieu didatangan ku para peziarah ti jero jeung luar wewengkon. Dina kagiatan ritual, para peziarah bisa mawa sasajén anu disimpen dina batu pipih.<ref name=":1" /> == Makna == Ngaran Batu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung istilah dina basa Minahasa, nyaéta watu anu hartina batu, santi anu hartina pedang, jeung sumanti anu ngarujuk kana kagiatan maénkeun pedang. Dumasar kana tapsiran éta, Batu Sumanti dihartikeun minangka tempat pikeun maénkeun pedang. Dina mangsa saméméhna, situs ieu katelah Batu Pa'lalesan atawa Pa'lenasan, anu dihartikeun minangka batu tempat jarah atawa batu suci.<ref name=":3" /> Dina tradisi masarakat Minahasa, Batu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung ritual rumuru. Istilah rumuru asalna tina kecap ruru anu hartina sisi, ku kituna dimaknaan minangka tindakan nyingkirkeun atawa ngaluarkeun. Ritual éta patali jeung usaha pikeun ngusir atawa ngaluarkeun jalma anu dianggap boga maksud jahat, anu disebut tou lewo atawa reges lewo, sarta pikeun ngajaga wewengkon padumukan tina wabah panyakit anu disebut angin jahat.<ref name=":3" /> == Pungsi == Watu Sumanti mindeng dikaitkeun jeung carita ngeunaan batu anu dipercaya bisa ngagandakeun dirina. Situs ieu ogé dikaitkeun jeung sajarah awal padumukan di wewengkon Manado. Watu Sumanti disebut ku masarakat satempat minangka salah sahiji lokasi anu patali jeung mimiti ngawujudna hiji padumukan di Manado.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kisah Watu Sumanti, Batu Unik di Manado yang Dikenal Keramat, Warga Sebut Pernah Alami Kejadian Gaib|url=https://manado.tribunnews.com/manado/1861450/kisah-watu-sumanti-batu-unik-di-manado-yang-dikenal-keramat-warga-sebut-pernah-alami-kejadian-gaib|website=Tribunmanado.co.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun sababaraha sumber, Watu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung tempat para karuhun ngaréngsékeun pasualan ngaliwatan musyawarah. Dumasar kana tradisi lisan anu ditepikeun ku Eri, warga Tomohon anu nyaho kana carita ngeunaan situs éta, Watu Sumanti dipercaya minangka tempat patepungan para dotu pikeun ngalaksanakeun musyawarah dina nyanghareupan hiji pasualan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Wenur|first=Jenly|date=2023-01-23|title=Watu Sumanti Tempat Musyawarah {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/watu-sumanti-tempat-musyawarah/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Katerangan ngeunaan fungsi Watu Sumanti éta asalna tina tradisi lisan sarta can dikuatkeun ku panalungtikan sajarah anu bisa mastikeun yén éta tempat kungsi dipaké pikeun musyawarah para dotu. Panalungtikan leuwih lanjut diperlukeun pikeun nalungtik sajarah, fungsi, jeung kontéks ayana situs dumasar kana sumber sajarah jeung bukti arkéologis anu aya.<ref name=":2" /> == Rujukan == 2pf16m48fhdxea1uhq7000lber9frfb 730022 730021 2026-10-08T15:28:08Z Oceanmuse 22609 730022 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Manado Skyline SSW waterfront 1.jpg|jmpl|300x300px|Kota Manado]] Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lasut|first=Tommy A.|date=2014-11-03|title=Cerita batu keramat 'Watu Sumanti' di Manado|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/read/6772917/cerita-batu-keramat-watu-sumanti-di-manado|website=merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Polii|first=Richard|date=2015-03-03|title=Benarkah Kota Manado Berasal Dari Batu Suci, Ini Ceritanya (II) {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/benarkah-kota-manado-berasal-dari-batu-suci-ini-ceritanya-ii/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun kapercayaan masarakat satempat, Batu Sumanti dianggap minangka batu anu dikeramatkeun sarta dipercaya ngalaman parobahan ukuran ti mangsa ka mangsa. Dina waktu-waktu nu tangtu, situs ieu didatangan ku para peziarah ti jero jeung luar wewengkon. Dina kagiatan ritual, para peziarah bisa mawa sasajén anu disimpen dina batu pipih.<ref name=":1" /> == Makna == Ngaran Batu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung istilah dina basa Minahasa, nyaéta watu anu hartina batu, santi anu hartina pedang, jeung sumanti anu ngarujuk kana kagiatan maénkeun pedang. Dumasar kana tapsiran éta, Batu Sumanti dihartikeun minangka tempat pikeun maénkeun pedang. Dina mangsa saméméhna, situs ieu katelah Batu Pa'lalesan atawa Pa'lenasan, anu dihartikeun minangka batu tempat jarah atawa batu suci.<ref name=":3" /> Dina tradisi masarakat Minahasa, Batu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung ritual rumuru. Istilah rumuru asalna tina kecap ruru anu hartina sisi, ku kituna dimaknaan minangka tindakan nyingkirkeun atawa ngaluarkeun. Ritual éta patali jeung usaha pikeun ngusir atawa ngaluarkeun jalma anu dianggap boga maksud jahat, anu disebut tou lewo atawa reges lewo, sarta pikeun ngajaga wewengkon padumukan tina wabah panyakit anu disebut angin jahat.<ref name=":3" /> == Pungsi == Watu Sumanti mindeng dikaitkeun jeung carita ngeunaan batu anu dipercaya bisa ngagandakeun dirina. Situs ieu ogé dikaitkeun jeung sajarah awal padumukan di wewengkon Manado. Watu Sumanti disebut ku masarakat satempat minangka salah sahiji lokasi anu patali jeung mimiti ngawujudna hiji padumukan di Manado.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kisah Watu Sumanti, Batu Unik di Manado yang Dikenal Keramat, Warga Sebut Pernah Alami Kejadian Gaib|url=https://manado.tribunnews.com/manado/1861450/kisah-watu-sumanti-batu-unik-di-manado-yang-dikenal-keramat-warga-sebut-pernah-alami-kejadian-gaib|website=Tribunmanado.co.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun sababaraha sumber, Watu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung tempat para karuhun ngaréngsékeun pasualan ngaliwatan musyawarah. Dumasar kana tradisi lisan anu ditepikeun ku Eri, warga Tomohon anu nyaho kana carita ngeunaan situs éta, Watu Sumanti dipercaya minangka tempat patepungan para dotu pikeun ngalaksanakeun musyawarah dina nyanghareupan hiji pasualan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Wenur|first=Jenly|date=2023-01-23|title=Watu Sumanti Tempat Musyawarah {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/watu-sumanti-tempat-musyawarah/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Katerangan ngeunaan fungsi Watu Sumanti éta asalna tina tradisi lisan sarta can dikuatkeun ku panalungtikan sajarah anu bisa mastikeun yén éta tempat kungsi dipaké pikeun musyawarah para dotu. Panalungtikan leuwih lanjut diperlukeun pikeun nalungtik sajarah, fungsi, jeung kontéks ayana situs dumasar kana sumber sajarah jeung bukti arkéologis anu aya.<ref name=":2" /> == Rujukan == ouc03uw4x09xp7atj5nq49t7ziyhrkg 730023 730022 2026-10-08T15:29:31Z Oceanmuse 22609 730023 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Manado Skyline SSW waterfront 1.jpg|jmpl|300x300px|Kota Manado]] Batu Sumanti, atawa dina basa satempat Watu Sumanti, mangrupa situs budaya anu perenahna di Kelurahan Tikala Ares, Kecamatan Tikala, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Situs ieu aya di hareupeun hiji wangunan heubeul sarta geus diwatesan ku pager tina baja nirkarat. Di ieu lokasi aya sababaraha batu anu disusun sarta sabagianana napak dina taneuh, ogé aya tilu batu pipih di sabudeureunana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lasut|first=Tommy A.|date=2014-11-03|title=Cerita batu keramat 'Watu Sumanti' di Manado|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/read/6772917/cerita-batu-keramat-watu-sumanti-di-manado|website=merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Situs ieu perenahna teu pati jauh ti Bandara Sam Ratulangi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Polii|first=Richard|date=2015-03-03|title=Benarkah Kota Manado Berasal Dari Batu Suci, Ini Ceritanya (II) {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/benarkah-kota-manado-berasal-dari-batu-suci-ini-ceritanya-ii/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun kapercayaan masarakat satempat, Batu Sumanti dianggap minangka batu anu dikeramatkeun sarta dipercaya ngalaman parobahan ukuran ti mangsa ka mangsa. Dina waktu-waktu nu tangtu, situs ieu didatangan ku para peziarah ti jero jeung luar wewengkon. Dina kagiatan ritual, para peziarah bisa mawa sasajén anu disimpen dina batu pipih.<ref name=":1" /> == Makna == Ngaran Batu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung istilah dina basa Minahasa, nyaéta watu anu hartina batu, santi anu hartina pedang, jeung sumanti anu ngarujuk kana kagiatan maénkeun pedang. Dumasar kana tapsiran éta, Batu Sumanti dihartikeun minangka tempat pikeun maénkeun pedang. Dina mangsa saméméhna, situs ieu katelah Batu Pa'lalesan atawa Pa'lenasan, anu dihartikeun minangka batu tempat jarah atawa batu suci.<ref name=":3" /> Dina tradisi masarakat Minahasa, Batu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung ritual rumuru. Istilah rumuru asalna tina kecap ruru anu hartina sisi, ku kituna dimaknaan minangka tindakan nyingkirkeun atawa ngaluarkeun. Ritual éta patali jeung usaha pikeun ngusir atawa ngaluarkeun jalma anu dianggap boga maksud jahat, anu disebut tou lewo atawa reges lewo, sarta pikeun ngajaga wewengkon padumukan tina wabah panyakit anu disebut angin jahat.<ref name=":3" /> == Pungsi == Watu Sumanti mindeng dikaitkeun jeung carita ngeunaan batu anu dipercaya bisa ngagandakeun dirina. Situs ieu ogé dikaitkeun jeung sajarah awal padumukan di wewengkon Manado. Watu Sumanti disebut ku masarakat satempat minangka salah sahiji lokasi anu patali jeung mimiti ngawujudna hiji padumukan di Manado.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kisah Watu Sumanti, Batu Unik di Manado yang Dikenal Keramat, Warga Sebut Pernah Alami Kejadian Gaib|url=https://manado.tribunnews.com/manado/1861450/kisah-watu-sumanti-batu-unik-di-manado-yang-dikenal-keramat-warga-sebut-pernah-alami-kejadian-gaib|website=Tribunmanado.co.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Numutkeun sababaraha sumber, Watu Sumanti dikaitkeun jeung tempat para karuhun ngaréngsékeun pasualan ngaliwatan musyawarah. Dumasar kana tradisi lisan anu ditepikeun ku Eri, warga Tomohon anu nyaho kana carita ngeunaan situs éta, Watu Sumanti dipercaya minangka tempat patepungan para dotu pikeun ngalaksanakeun musyawarah dina nyanghareupan hiji pasualan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Wenur|first=Jenly|date=2023-01-23|title=Watu Sumanti Tempat Musyawarah {{!}} BeritaManado|url=https://beritamanado.com/watu-sumanti-tempat-musyawarah/|language=id|access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Katerangan ngeunaan fungsi Watu Sumanti éta asalna tina tradisi lisan sarta can dikuatkeun ku panalungtikan sajarah anu bisa mastikeun yén éta tempat kungsi dipaké pikeun musyawarah para dotu. Panalungtikan leuwih lanjut diperlukeun pikeun nalungtik sajarah, fungsi, jeung kontéks ayana situs dumasar kana sumber sajarah jeung bukti arkéologis anu aya.<ref name=":2" /> == Rujukan == [[Category:WikiRempah]] 1zbfzv5l9kutj7agci3b4jaxdf5k3s7 10 109151 730041 2026-10-09T10:51:54Z Rafka Aditia 29183 /* */ Citakan anyar 730041 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{This is a redirect/rcat}} </noinclude>{{Redirect template |id={{{id|Alihan ti basa lian}}} |name=[[:Kategori:Alihan ti basa lian|Ti basa lian]] |from=ngaran kaca dina {{#switch:{{{1|}}}{{{from|}}}{{{lang|}}} |art=[[basa jieunan]] |bo=[[rungkun basa Tibét]] |und=[[basa teu ditangtukeun|basa nu teu acan ditangtukeun atawa teu dikodekeun]] |#default={{#if:{{#invoke:lang|is_ietf_tag_frame|{{{1|}}}{{{from|}}}{{{lang|}}}}} |{{#invoke:lang|name_from_tag|{{{1|}}}{{{from|}}}{{{lang|}}}|link=yes}} |[[basa teu ditangtukeun|basa nu teu acan ditangtukeun atawa teu dikodekeun]]}}}} |to=ngaran kaca dina {{#switch:{{{2|}}}{{{to|}}} |art=[[basa jieunan]] |bo=[[rungkun basa Tibét]] |und=[[basa teu ditangtukeun|basa nu teu acan ditangtukeun atawa teu dikodekeun]] |#default={{#if:{{#invoke:lang|is_ietf_tag_frame|{{{2|}}}{{{to|}}}}} |{{#invoke:lang|name_from_tag|{{{2|}}}{{{to|}}}|link=yes}} |[[basa teu ditangtukeun|basa nu teu acan ditangtukeun atawa teu dikodekeun]]}}}}. Kecap-kecap ieu bisa sacara langsung ditarjamahkeun atawa bisa jadi kecap, ngaran, atawa frasa nu aya patalina |info=** Alihan ieu ngarah ka targetna luyu sareng kawijakan pangaranan pikeun judul dina basa lian sarta bisa ngabantu panulisan jeung paluruhan. {{main other|Nanging, nurutkeun kana [[WP:NOTBROKEN]] ulah ngaganti tumbu nu dialihkeun ieu ku [[WP:piped link|tumbu pipaan]].}} |printworthy={{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}{{{from|}}}{{{lang|}}}|su|{{#ifeq:{{{printworthy}}}|no|no|yes}}}}}} |all category=<!--for automatic namespace detection--> }}{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|kotrétan||{{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{from|}}}{{{lang|}}} | [[Kategori:Alihan ti istilah {{#ifexist:Kategori:Alihan ti istilah basa {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|{{{1|{{{from|{{{lang|}}}}}}}}}}} | basa {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|{{{1|{{{from|{{{lang|}}}}}}}}}}} | salian ti basa Sunda }}]] | {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|kotrétan||[[Kategori:Alihan ti istilah basa teu ditangtukeun]] }} }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}{{{to|}}} | [[Kategori:Alihan ka istilah {{#ifexist:Kategori:Alihan ka istilah basa {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|{{{2|{{{to}}}}}}}} | basa {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|{{{2|{{{to}}}}}}}} | salian ti basa Sunda }}]] | {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|kotrétan||[[Kategori:Alihan ka istilah basa nu teu ditangtukeun]]}} }} }}<noinclude> <!-- Place categories on /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata. --> {{Dokuméntasi}} </noinclude> d75q65jkga2chixguyzv1f566707hku 730047 730041 2026-10-09T11:53:47Z Rafka Aditia 29183 730047 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{This is a redirect/rcat}} </noinclude>{{Redirect template |id={{{id|Alihan ti basa lian}}} |name=[[:Kategori:Alihan ti basa lian|Ti basa lian]] |from=ngaran kaca dina {{#switch:{{{1|}}}{{{from|}}}{{{lang|}}} |art=[[basa jieunan]] |bo=[[rungkun basa Tibét]] |und=[[basa teu ditangtukeun|basa nu teu acan ditangtukeun atawa teu dikodekeun]] |#default={{#if:{{#invoke:lang|is_ietf_tag_frame|{{{1|}}}{{{from|}}}{{{lang|}}}}} |{{#invoke:lang|name_from_tag|{{{1|}}}{{{from|}}}{{{lang|}}}|link=yes}} |[[basa teu ditangtukeun|basa nu teu acan ditangtukeun atawa teu dikodekeun]]}}}} |to=ngaran kaca dina {{#switch:{{{2|}}}{{{to|}}} |art=[[basa jieunan]] |bo=[[rungkun basa Tibét]] |und=[[basa teu ditangtukeun|basa nu teu acan ditangtukeun atawa teu dikodekeun]] |#default={{#if:{{#invoke:lang|is_ietf_tag_frame|{{{2|}}}{{{to|}}}}} |{{#invoke:lang|name_from_tag|{{{2|}}}{{{to|}}}|link=yes}} |[[basa teu ditangtukeun|basa nu teu acan ditangtukeun atawa teu dikodekeun]]}}}}. Kecap-kecap ieu bisa sacara langsung ditarjamahkeun atawa bisa jadi kecap, ngaran, atawa frasa nu aya patalina |info=** Alihan ieu ngarah ka targetna luyu sareng kawijakan pangaranan pikeun judul dina basa lian sarta bisa ngabantu panulisan jeung paluruhan. {{main other|Nanging, nurutkeun kana [[WP:NOTBROKEN]] ulah ngaganti tumbu nu dialihkeun ieu ku [[WP:piped link|tumbu pipaan]].}} |printworthy={{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}{{{from|}}}{{{lang|}}}|su|{{#ifeq:{{{printworthy}}}|no|no|yes}}}}}} |all category=<!--for automatic namespace detection--> }}{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|kotrétan||{{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{from|}}}{{{lang|}}} | [[Kategori:Alihan ti istilah {{#ifexist:Kategori:Alihan ti istilah basa {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|{{{1|{{{from|{{{lang|}}}}}}}}}}} | basa {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|{{{1|{{{from|{{{lang|}}}}}}}}}}} | salian ti basa Sunda }}]] | {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|kotrétan||[[Kategori:Alihan ti istilah basa teu ditangtukeun]] }} }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}{{{to|}}} | [[Kategori:Alihan ka istilah {{#ifexist:Kategori:Alihan ka istilah basa {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|{{{2|{{{to}}}}}}}} | basa {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|{{{2|{{{to}}}}}}}} | salian ti basa Sunda }}]] | {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|kotrétan||[[Kategori:Alihan ka istilah basa teu ditangtukeun]]}} }} }}<noinclude> <!-- Place categories on /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata. --> {{Dokuméntasi}} </noinclude> 4lrmx399xdxi5vfzm7o5daexspke4lw 10 109152 730042 2026-10-09T11:06:35Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Redirect category shell]] 730042 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Redirect category shell]] {{Redirect category shell|<!-- {{R from high-use template}}--> {{R to redirect template}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} 2z7qg43f2d1z0orwksrl11dcpx50l4a 10 109153 730043 2026-10-09T11:09:24Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Alihan ti basa lian]] 730043 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Alihan ti basa lian]] {{Rcat shell| {{A ti ngaran lian}} }} 1elhe8meptaeddyu0rliocp028rk0up 10 109154 730044 2026-10-09T11:11:58Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Alihan ti basa lian]] 730044 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Alihan ti basa lian]] {{Rcat shell| {{A ti basa lian|en|su}} }} sztxracmd5fxs8iyqjgjxeztkn5ql3c 10 109155 730045 2026-10-09T11:12:54Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Alihan ti basa lian]] 730045 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Alihan ti basa lian]] {{Rcat shell| {{A ti basa lian|en|su}} }} sztxracmd5fxs8iyqjgjxeztkn5ql3c 10 109156 730046 2026-10-09T11:14:15Z Rafka Aditia 29183 Mindahkeun ka [[Citakan:Alihan ti basa lian]] 730046 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Citakan:Alihan ti basa lian]] {{Rcat shell| {{A ti ngaran lian}} }} 1elhe8meptaeddyu0rliocp028rk0up